Method and device for performing communication in wireless communication system

Abstract

Provided are a method by which a device performs wireless communication and a device for supporting same. The method may comprise the steps in which: a first device acquires information related to periodic resources; the first device acquires an activation or deactivation multiple access control (MAC) control element (CE) for multiple entry periodic resources; and the first device transmits or receives, to or from a second device, sensing data on the basis of the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multiple entry periodic resources. For example, the multiple entry periodic resources among the periodic resources may be activated or deactivated on the basis of the activation or deactivation MAC for the multiple entry periodic resources. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multiple entry periodic resources may include information related to a sensing service or sensing session related to the sensing data.

Description

Method and device for performing communication in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device: 1 Tbps, E2E latency: 1 ms, Maximum spectral efficiency: 100 bps / Hz, Mobility support: Up to 1000 km / hr, Satellite integration: Fully AI, Fully autonomous driving, Fully XR, Fully haptic communication

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: a first device obtaining information related to a periodic resource; a first device obtaining an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and a first device transmitting or receiving sensing data to or from a second device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or a sensing session associated with the sensing data.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain information related to a periodic resource; obtain an activation or deactivation multiple access control (MAC) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and transmit or receive sensing data to or from a second device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause a first device to: obtain information related to a periodic resource; obtain an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and transmit or receive sensing data to or from a second device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: obtain information related to a periodic resource; obtain an activation or deactivation multiple access control (MAC) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and transmit or receive sensing data to or from a second device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or a sensing session associated with the sensing data.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: a step of a second device transmitting information related to a periodic resource; a step of the second device transmitting an activation or deactivation multiple access control (MAC) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and a step of the second device transmitting or receiving sensing data to or from a first device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or a sensing session associated with the sensing data.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: transmit information related to a periodic resource; transmit an activation or deactivation multiple access control (MAC) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and transmit or receive sensing data to or from a first device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause a second device to: transmit information related to a periodic resource; transmit an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and transmit or receive sensing data to or from a first device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or a sensing session associated with the sensing data.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a second device to: transmit information related to a periodic resource; transmit an activation or deactivation multiple access control (MAC) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and transmit or receive sensing data to or from a first device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

[0013] Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support transmission of an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message between a location management function (LMF) and a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an ISAC service according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 12 illustrates various integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of activation / deactivation for a periodic resource according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a procedure related to activation / deactivation of a periodic resource according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of activation / deactivation for a periodic resource according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of activation / deactivation for a periodic resource according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of activation / deactivation for a periodic resource according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of activation / deactivation for a periodic resource according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of activation / deactivation for a periodic resource according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 20 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 21 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Fig. 22 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 23 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 24 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 25 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 26 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0040] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0041] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0042] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0043] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (e.g., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0044] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0045] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0046] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0047] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device.

[0048] In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0049] The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0050] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0051] FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0052] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

[0053] In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0054] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

[0055] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0056] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0057] For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0058] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0059] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through a physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

[0060] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

[0061] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0062] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

[0063] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering / integrity protection.

[0064] For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0065] For example, if an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal will be in the RRC_CONNECTED state, and if not, it may be in the RRC_IDLE state. For example, in the case of NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state can release the connection with the base station while maintaining the connection with the core network.

[0066] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0067] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0068] Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0069] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0070] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0071] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slotNormal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0072] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0073] For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0074] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0075] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0076] For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0077] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For uplink, for example, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if a terminal does not detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period of time, the terminal may switch its active BWP to a default BWP.

[0078] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0079] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

[0080] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0081] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0082] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0083] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0084] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0085] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0086] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0087] - Optical wireless technology

[0088] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0089] - Quantum communication

[0090] - Cell-free communication

[0091] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0092] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0093] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0094] - Big data analysis

[0095] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0096] - metaverse

[0097] - Blockchain

[0098] Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0099] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

[0100] Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0101] - Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0102] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet various communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0103] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0104] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0105] For example, a terminal can obtain information about the environment and / or the characteristics of objects within the environment by using radio frequency sensing to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object. Since radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications that provide, for example, intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health and traffic management, and more. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of wireless sensing services, e.g., sensing operations, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing offers an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communications network to a wireless communication and sensing network.

[0106] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Specifically, (a) of FIG. 8 illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and (b) of FIG. 8 illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0107] Referring to FIG. 8, a sensing transmitter can transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing signal can be a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal. For example, a sensing receiver can receive a signal scattered / reflected by one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects) from a sensing signal transmitted from the sensing transmitter. For example, in the sensing receiver, sensing data can be derived from the scattered / reflected signal, and a sensing result can be generated / obtained through processing the sensing data. Here, for example, the sensing result can include characteristic information (e.g., position, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing results generated / obtained in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and / or environments) or provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0108] For example, a sensing transmitter may be a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal to be used for a sensing service to operate, and the sensing transmitter may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as a sensing receiver. For example, a sensing receiver may be a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal to be used for a sensing service to operate, and the sensing receiver may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as a sensing transmitter. For example, a sensing target may be an object to be detected by deriving characteristics of an object in the environment from a sensing signal. For example, a background environment may be a background that is not a sensing target (e.g., clutter, environmental objects, etc.). For example, an environment object may be an object whose location is known other than a sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing may be sensing in which a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver coexist in the same base station or terminal. For example, bistatic sensing may be sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located in different base stations or terminals. For example, multistatic sensing may be sensing in which there are multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers for a (single) sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing, and / or multistatic sensing may be distinguished based on the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is less than or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as monostatic sensing or semi-monostatic sensing. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is greater than or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as bistatic sensing or multistatic sensing.For example, the terminal may transmit a sensing signal over a wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes. For example, the terminal may transmit a sensing signal over a 3GPP wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0109] For example, the common framework of the ISAC channel model can be composed of target channel components and background channel components. For example, this can be obtained based on mathematical equation 1.

[0110]

[0111] Here, for example, target channel H target may include all [multipath] components affected by the sensing target. For example, background channel H Background may contain other [multipath] components that do not belong to the target channel.

[0112] For example, radar cross-section (RCS) may be a measure of how well a radar sensor can detect a target. Therefore, it is often referred to as an electromagnetic characteristic of the target. For example, a larger RCS may indicate that the target is more easily detectable. For example, in a radar sensor measurement, power may be transmitted toward the target, and the target may reflect some of the power back to the receiver. For example, the received power may be based on the RCS of the target, among other factors. For example, the received power may be proportional to the RCS. For example, the RCS of a target may be based on at least one of the frequency of the radar signal, the target material, the target shape, the target size, the direction of the incident and reflected waves relative to the target, the target movement, and / or the target illumination.

[0113] FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, range (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0114] Referring to Figure 9, the RCS of a radar target may be a virtual area required to intercept the power density transmitted from the target. For example, the relevant radar mathematical formula may be defined as in Equation 2.

[0115]

[0116] Here, for example, P TX can be the transmitter power [W], and G TXcan be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the equipment under test (EUT) and the target [m], and RCS can be the radar cross section [m 2 ] can be, P RX can be the power [W] received back by the EUT from the object, and A eff is the effective area of ​​the receiving antenna [m 2 ] can be. For example, A eff can be obtained based on mathematical formula 3.

[0117]

[0118] Here, for example, G RX can be the gain of the receiving antenna [dimensionless], λ can be the wavelength of the radio signal [m], λ = c / f, c can be the speed of light 299792458 [m / s], and f can be the frequency [Hz].

[0119] For example, if the transmitter and receiver are co-located and the same antenna is used for both transmission and reception (G TX = G RX = G), the related radar mathematical formula can be defined as in mathematical formula 4.

[0120]

[0121] Here, for example, P TX can be the transmitter power [W], G can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the equipment under test (EUT) and the target [m], and RCS can be the radar cross section [m 2 ] can be, P RX can be the power [W] received back by the EUT from the object.

[0122] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support transmission of an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message between a location management function (LMF) and a UE, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0123] LPP PDUs can be transmitted via non-access stratum (NAS) PDUs between an access and mobility management function (AMF) and a UE. Referring to FIG. 10, LPP can be terminated between a target device (e.g., a UE in the control plane or a secure user plane location (SUPL) enabled terminal (SET) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane or a secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP) in the user plane). LPP messages can be conveyed in the form of transparent PDUs over an intermediate network interface using a suitable protocol, such as NGAP (NG application protocol) over the NG-C (NG-control plane) interface, NAS / RRC over the LTE-Uu and NR-Uu interfaces. The LPP protocol enables positioning for NR and LTE using various positioning methods.

[0124] For example, a target device and a location server can exchange capability information, positioning assistance data, and / or location information via the LPP protocol. For example, LPP messages can be used to exchange error information and / or indicate the termination of an LPP procedure.

[0125] In the description below, various names are illustrative and can be considered to perform the same / similar function (regardless of their name) based on what is described in each step.

[0126] In this disclosure, the following terms may be used.

[0127] - LMF: Location Management Function

[0128] - UE-triggered SL positioning: SL (sidelink) positioning where the procedure is triggered by the UE.

[0129] - SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF: SL positioning where the procedure is triggered by base station / LMF.

[0130] - UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is created by the UE.

[0131] - SL positioning controlled by the base station: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the base station.

[0132] - UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE location is calculated by the UE.

[0133] - UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE position is calculated by the base station / LMF.

[0134] - SL positioning group: UEs participating in SL positioning

[0135] - T-UE (Target UE): UE whose position is calculated

[0136] - S-UE (Server UE): UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0137] - Anchor UE: A UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0138] - MG: Measurement gap where only SL PRS transmission is allowed

[0139] - MW: Measurement window where both SL data and SL PRS can be transmitted in a multiplexed way

[0140] - SL PRS: Sidelink positioning reference signal

[0141] - CCH: Control Channel

[0142] - IUC (Inter-UE coordination) message: A message received by a TX UE from other UEs, including a RX UE, that includes information about a set of resources suitable for transmission by the TX UE to the RX UE (preferred resources) and / or information about a set of resources not suitable for transmission (non-preferred resources).

[0143] - UE-based: The way the UE calculates its own location is described as "UE-based".

[0144] - TP (Transmission point): A set of transmitting antennas (e.g., an antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) geographically co-located for a cell, a portion of a cell, or a DL PRS-only TP. A transmission point may include a base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antenna, a remote radio head, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of a DL PRS-only TP, etc. A cell may include one or more transmission points. In a homogeneous deployment, each transmission point may correspond to one cell.

[0145] - Reception point (RP): A set of receiving antennas (e.g., an antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) geographically co-located for a cell, a portion of a cell, or a UL SRS (sounding reference signal)-only RP. A reception point may include a base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antenna, a remote radio head, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of a UL SRS-only RP, etc. A cell may include one or more reception points. In a homogeneous deployment, each reception point may correspond to one cell.

[0146] - PRS-only TP: A TP that transmits only PRS signals for PRS-based terrestrial beacon system (TBS) positioning and is not connected to a cell.

[0147] - TRP (transmission-reception point): A set of geographically co-located antennas (e.g., an antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) that support TP and / or RP functions.

[0148] - SRS-only RP: RP that receives only SRS signals for UL-only positioning and is not associated with a cell.

[0149] In the present disclosure, the TRP and the base station may be replaced and used as the same entity.

[0150] For example, an SL PRS transmission resource may be composed of an SL PRS resource set consisting of the following information:

[0151] - SL PRS resource set ID

[0152] - SL PRS Resource ID List: List of SL PRS resource IDs within the SL PRS resource set.

[0153] - SL PRS resource type: can be set to periodic or aperiodic or semi-persistent or on-demand

[0154] - Alpha for SL PRS power control

[0155] - P0 for SL PRS power control

[0156] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: Can be set to SL SSB or DL ​​PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS for positioning or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc.

[0157] For example, the above SL PRS resource set may be composed of SL PRS resources composed of the following information.

[0158] - SL PRS resource ID

[0159] - SL PRS comb size: Interval between REs where SL PRS is transmitted within a symbol

[0160] - SL PRS comb offset: RE index where SL PRS is first transmitted within the first SL PRS symbol.

[0161] - SL PRS comb cyclic shift: A cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that constitutes the SL PRS.

[0162] - SL PRS start position: The index of the first symbol transmitting SL PRS within a slot.

[0163] - Number of SL PRS symbols: The number of symbols that make up the SL PRS in one slot.

[0164] - Frequency domain shift: The lowest frequency position (index) at which the SL PRS is transmitted in the frequency domain.

[0165] - SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used for SL PRS transmission

[0166] - SL PRS resource type: can be set to periodic or aperiodic or semi-persistent or on-demand

[0167] - SL PRS periodicity: the period in the time domain between SL PRS resources, a unit of physical or logical slot in the resource pool where SL PRS is transmitted.

[0168] - SL PRS Offset: The offset in the time domain from the start of the first SL PRS resource to the reference timing, in units of physical or logical slots in the resource pool where the SL PRS is transmitted. The reference timing may be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0169] - SL PRS sequence ID

[0170] - SL PRS spatial relation: can be set to SL SSB or DL ​​PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS for positioning or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc.

[0171] - SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. Can signal SL PRS resource configuration information and resource location, etc.

[0172] Previously, NR positioning up to Release 17 could only support network-based Uu positioning, which performed location search under the connection between the target UE and the network (gNB / LMF). Meanwhile, starting from NR Release 18, sidelink positioning (SL positioning) using sidelink communication can be supported. Sidelink positioning can be a new method that can perform positioning operations by exchanging positioning reference signals through a direct connection with anchor UEs around the target UE, rather than the base station. Positioning operations at the physical layer can be performed by transmitting and measuring SL PRS (sidelink positioning reference signal) between the target UE and the anchor UE.

[0173] Uu positioning can use the LPP protocol. An LPP session can be a point-to-point communication protocol between a target UE and an LMF. Through the LPP protocol, the target UE can receive positioning information from the LMF. The LMF can configure the target UE and the base station (gNB) through the LPP protocol and the NRPPa protocol, exchange positioning-related messages, and perform positioning operations. Meanwhile, in Release 18 sidelink positioning, positioning operations can be performed by exchanging sidelink positioning protocol messages with the target UE, server UE (or LMF), and anchor UEs. Sidelink positioning can use the sidelink positioning protocol (SLPP) to configure and exchange messages between UEs.

[0174] Positioning methods (e.g., sidelink positioning) require the target to possess a communication terminal, and signaling messages must be exchanged between the transmitter and the target for position measurement. This increases the overhead of signal processing between the target and the transmitter, and fundamentally limits positioning if the target does not possess a separate communication terminal.

[0175] In contrast, Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) can accurately detect the presence and movement of a target, regardless of whether the target is carrying a communication terminal. Furthermore, it can reliably acquire detailed sensing information, such as the target's distance, speed, and angle. ISAC can estimate the target's characteristics simply by analyzing the information reflected from the target's signal emitted by the transmitter, without requiring a separate response signal or message from the target. Accordingly, ISAC significantly reduces the amount of signaling compared to positioning methods, significantly lowering overhead and enabling more efficient and flexible sensing and communication operations simultaneously.

[0176] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an ISAC service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0177] Referring to Figure 11, examples of various application areas where ISAC can be applied are illustrated. Specifically, ISAC can support predictive maintenance and employee localization and authorization in smart manufacturing and industrial IoT, and provide weather prediction, pollution monitoring, rain monitoring, and insect monitoring in environmental monitoring.

[0178] Additionally, in the field of Sensing as a Service, it can be utilized in drone monitoring and management, mobile crowd sensing, channel knowledge map construction, and cooperative localization and imaging.

[0179] Furthermore, in the field of remote sensing, it can support satellite imaging and broadcasting, drone swarm SAR imaging, and in the field of smart homes, it can be utilized for human proximity detection, spatial-aware control, sensing-aided wireless charging, fall detection, and vital signal monitoring.

[0180] Additionally, in the field of human-computer interaction (HCI), it enables gesture recognition, keystroke recognition, and arm / head activity recognition, and in the field of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, it can provide various services such as high precision location, vehicle platooning, extended sensor, simultaneous localization and mapping, and secure hands-free access.

[0181] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) technology, which integrates target sensing and user communication functions in recent 6th-generation (6G) mobile communication systems, is attracting attention as a key standardization target. ISAC technology, as shown in Figure 11, is emerging as an essential technology in diverse industries, including autonomous driving, smart factories, drones, and healthcare, based on its advantages such as efficient frequency utilization, reuse of existing communication infrastructure, and cost savings due to integrated sensing and communication.

[0182] FIG. 12 illustrates various integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, (a) of FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a network-based monostatic ISAC system, (b) of FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a network-based bistatic ISAC system, and (c) of FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a network-UE-based bistatic ISAC system (①) and a network-coordinated UE bistatic ISAC system (①+②). In addition, (d) of FIG. 12 may show an example of a UE-based monostatic ISAC system, (e) of FIG. 12 may show an example of a UE-network bistatic ISAC system, and (f) of FIG. 12 may show an example of a UE-based bistatic ISAC system. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, the network may be a TRP. For example, the network may be a base station.

[0183] Referring to FIG. 12, various ISAC systems may be considered in the present disclosure to include various ISAC service embodiments. For example, in the present disclosure, a base station may be represented as a BS. For example, in the present disclosure, a terminal may be represented as a UE. For example, a transmitter may transmit a signal for sensing, and a receiver may perform sensing based on a signal reflected from an object. FIG. 12(a) may represent a network-based monostatic ISAC system. In this system, a BS transmits an ISAC signal to multiple targets and receives the reflected signal to estimate the distance and velocity of the targets. Here, the targets may be UEs. FIG. 12(b) may represent a network-based bistatic ISAC system. In this system, two BSs may cooperate to estimate the distance and velocity of the same multiple targets. BS 1 may be a transmitter and BS 2 may be a receiver. BS 2 may receive the ISAC signals transmitted by BS 1 that are reflected by targets. BS 2 may then estimate the distance and velocity of the targets. Unlike monostatic systems, bistatic ISAC systems may not have information about the transmitted signals. Therefore, bistatic ISAC systems can obtain radar information matrices of targets through pilot signals that are already known to both the transmitter and receiver. Figure 12 (c) may be a network-UE-based bistatic ISAC system. In this system, the BS may transmit an ISAC signal. The BS may use a beamforming technique to direct most of the reflected signals toward the UE or to return some of the reflected signals to the BS.In the former case, the UE can receive most of the signals transmitted by the BS and perform target range and velocity estimation. While this allows the UE to quickly obtain the necessary target information, the UE performs all the processing, potentially increasing computational complexity. In contrast, in the latter case, the BS first estimates the target range and velocity, similar to a monostatic ISAC system, and then, based on the estimation results, informs the UE of an appropriate target estimation technique. This allows the UE to immediately perform target estimation using the technique provided by the BS, thereby reducing complexity.

[0184] Figure 12(d) may be a UE-based monostatic ISAC system. The system can directly estimate the target range and velocity at the UE. Figure 12(e) may be a UE-network bistatic ISAC system. The BS can estimate the range and velocity of multiple targets by receiving the ISAC signal transmitted by the UE reflected from the target. Figure 12(f) may be a UE-based bistatic ISAC system. In the system, the range and velocity of targets can be estimated through bistatic between different UEs.

[0185] For example, in the present disclosure, a “specific threshold” may mean a threshold that is defined in advance or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, a “specific set value” may mean a value that is defined in advance or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, “set by the network / base station” may mean an operation in which the base station sets (in advance) to the UE via higher layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to the UE via MAC CE, or signals to the UE via DCI.

[0186] For example, in the present disclosure, a message may be interpreted as being replaced with at least one of a control message, a data message, a signal, a data signal, and / or a control signal.

[0187] For example, referring to a standard document, some procedures and technical specifications related to the present disclosure may be as follows.

[0188] For example, in this disclosure, several names are exemplary and may be replaced / considered as other names that perform the same / similar function based on what is described in each step (regardless of the name).

[0189] For example, positioning modes (UE-based positioning or UE-assisted / NW-based positioning) may be proposed.

[0190] Conventionally, in positioning, the operation of performing location calculation / estimation, for example, using measurement data of positioning reference signals (shortly, positioning data), can be performed by the location management function (LMF) of the core network or by the UE. In the former case, it can be called a UE-assisted / NW-based positioning mode, and in the latter case, it can be called a UE-based positioning mode.

[0191] In UE-assisted / NW-based positioning mode, the UE or base station (gNB / TRP) can transmit positioning data to the LMF. For example, for positioning operation in the UE-assisted mode of a DL type positioning method (e.g., NR DL TDoA, etc.), the UE can transmit the measured positioning data to the LMF, and the LMF can perform UE position calculation using the received positioning data.

[0192] For example, sensing modes (UE-based sensing, UE-based sensing, Core network-based sensing) can be proposed.

[0193] For example, UE-based sensing can refer to a technology in which a terminal uses a wireless transceiver for communication to transmit / receive radar signals, and estimates the distance, speed, angle, identification information, etc. of surrounding objects using the raw (I / Q) data or preprocessed channel state information (CSI) obtained accordingly. For example, in the UE-based sensing, the processing / analysis of sensing data can be (a) performed immediately in the application processor within the UE, or (b) offloaded to a base station (gNB / TRP) or edge computing server for low power / light weight. Therefore, for example, UE-based sensing can be suitable for services that require ultra-low latency / high-precision environmental recognition in close proximity to the sensing target, such as personal / industrial portable devices, drones, robots, etc.

[0194] For example, base station-based (UE-based) sensing can refer to a technology in which a base station-type network device, such as a base station, a retransmission panel, or a transparent repeater, receives / processes a reflected (echo) component of a communication signal transmitted by itself (monostatic mode) or a signal transmitted by another nearby base station / terminal (bistatic mode) by being allocated a resource block (RB), thereby detecting / tracking a target object / moving body within the base station coverage area. For example, in base station-based (UE-based) sensing, primary signal processing (FFT, CFAR, etc.) is generally performed in a distributed unit (DU) or centralized unit (CU) of the base station, and sensing results collected from multiple base stations can be selectively transmitted to a sensing function (or sensing server) of the core network to be mutually fused / corrected. This method has the advantage of being able to quickly implement wide-area surveillance by utilizing the existing communication infrastructure, but coexistence design with communication resources and resolution of shadow areas at cell boundaries must be considered.

[0195] For example, core network-based sensing can refer to a technology that collects sensing data acquired / preprocessed at a terminal or base station by a sensing function (e.g., Sensing Function, Sensing Analytics Function, Sensing Coordination Function, etc.) within a 5G / 6G core network, performs large-scale data fusion / machine learning (ML) analysis / history management, etc., and then provides the results to applications via a service-based interface (SBI) or NEF / AF (application function). Here, for example, the sensing data can be transmitted through an N3 / N9 user plane tunnel or collected as an extension field attached to a control plane signal, and the core network can comprehensively perform policy and charging control, personal information protection, resource optimization, etc. Core network-based sensing is advantageous for wide-area / long-term analysis services such as digital twins targeting the entire city / road network and traffic / crowd safety management. However, for services requiring real-time performance, an edge core distributed processing structure may also be considered.

[0196] Similarly, for example, in an ISAC (Integrated Sensing and Communication) system, a “sensing node” (e.g., a sensing transmitter / receiver that performs sensing signal transmission / reception) can transmit sensing data to a “sensing server” (sensing function) for sensing processing / analysis (sensing result computing from sensing data).

[0197] Here, 3GPP has not yet decided on which node the “sensing server” that performs sensing data processing / analysis will be performed on. However, considering the various sensing modes of ISAC (TRP mono-static, UE mono-static, TRP-TRP bi-static, UE-UE bi-static, TRP-UE bi-static, UE-TRP bi-static, etc.) and various use cases (see 3GPP TR 22.837 use cases), it seems necessary and possible for the sensing server’s sensing processing / analysis operations to be performed on various entities such as “UE”, “base station / TRP” and / or “core network”.

[0198] A structure for rapid processing by a "sensing server" on a "sensing node" (e.g., a UE and / or base station / TRP) is also expected to be discussed. Furthermore, for integrated analysis and high processing power across a wide area, data may be delivered to a centrally located sensing server (on the core network).

[0199] Therefore, in an ISAC system, if the “sensing node” (measuring sensing data, e.g., UE, base station / TRP, etc.) and the “sensing server” (analyzing sensing data, e.g., UE, base station / TRP, core network) are not the same entity, sensing data transmission may be required between the two entities.

[0200] For example, positioning data transmission may be proposed.

[0201] Conventionally, positioning data transmission in positioning can follow, for example, LPP signaling defined in 3GPP TS37.355. Here, for example, signaling information can differ depending on the positioning mode. For example, in the case of UE-based mode positioning, “UE location information” (e.g., NR-DL-TDOA-LocationInformation) calculated by the UE can be transmitted. In the case of UE-assisted / NW-based mode positioning, the UE can transmit the measured “positioning data” (e.g., NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation) to the LMF existing on the core network via the base station. The above message example can be an example of the NR DL TDoA method.

[0202] Here, for example, NR-DL-TDOA-LocationInformation corresponding to UE location information may include location information such as latitude, longitude, and altitude, as well as corresponding time information, as shown in Table 3 below.

[0203]

[0204] Here, for example, NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation corresponding to positioning data may include various PRS information, RSTD (reference signal time difference) value measured by UE, additional path (multi-path) information, LOS / NLOS information, etc. as shown in Tables 4 and 5 below.

[0205]

[0206]

[0207] For example, sensing data transmission may be initiated.

[0208] Although the characteristics and format of ISAC sensing data have not yet been studied or discussed in 3GPP, the format and data characteristics are expected to be much more diverse than conventional positioning data.

[0209] The sensor types applicable in the ISAC system may have a variety of characteristics, including 3GPP sensing that uses 3GPP wireless signals and non-3GPP sensors (e.g., radars, lighters, cameras, etc.) that do not use 3GPP wireless signals. The sensing data for each of these various sensor types may require different transmission rates and cycles. In particular, for example, in the case of sensing that analyzes a mixture of 3GPP sensors and non-3GPP sensors (e.g., multi-modal sensing), the transmission of sensing data with various characteristics may be required simultaneously. For example, according to 3GPP TR 22.856, the transfer intervals of various non-3GPP sensors may be different, as shown in Table 6 below, and may have a large fluctuation range of 20 to 100 ms.

[0210]

[0211] Note 1: The mobile metaverse server receives data from various sensors, processes and renders it, and provides feedback to vehicles and users. End-to-end latency refers to the transmission delay between the terminal and the mobile metaverse server. The exact value is FFS.

[0212] Note 2: To support at least 80 vehicles and 1600 users simultaneously performing traffic simulation and situational awareness using the immersive metaverse service in the same location (e.g., 40m × 250m area), the area traffic capacity is calculated by considering 80 vehicles, each equipped with 7 cameras, 4 radars, and 2 LiDARs, 1600 user smartphones, and 2 cameras, 2 radars, and 2 LiDARs on the roadside. This does not imply packet size, as the application layer message data needs to be segmented for network transmission. Real-time status information, including telemetry data, may be structured.

[0213] Note 3: The frequency accounts for different sensor types, such as radar / LiDAR (10 Hz) and cameras (10-50 Hz).

[0214] Note 4: The service area for traffic flow simulation and situational awareness varies depending on the actual deployment. For example, it may be deployed at the city level, within a specific city district, or nationwide. In some cases, a regional approach (e.g., placing application servers at the network edge) may be preferred to meet low latency and high reliability requirements.

[0215] Note 5: The calculations in Table 6 are based on a single 5G network. If N 5G networks are involved in this use case in the same area, the values ​​can be divided by N. The exact values ​​are FFS.

[0216] Note 6: User experienced data rate refers to the data rate required by vehicles or humans. The value is an actual observed value in the industrial field, and the exact value is FFS.

[0217] Additionally, for example, among such sensing data, there may be cases where the transmission of unanalyzed, for example, raw sensing data, is required. In such cases, for example, the size of the sensing data may require a significantly large data size compared to cases where the analyzed results are transmitted (for example, LiDAR consists of 3D point cloud data, which can consist of approximately 100 GB of data per hour).

[0218] Furthermore, for example, when transmitting such large amounts of data, various compression methods and methods for suppressing the transmission of unnecessary (less important) data can be used to improve resource efficiency. When utilizing such efficient transmission algorithms (e.g., compression methods, event-based / threshold-based transmission methods, etc.), the size of the sensing data can be variable, and in some cases, transmission can be skipped.

[0219] Moreover, for example, such sensing data may require very strict latency characteristics depending on the intended use. For example, services requiring real-time sensing, such as those used for public safety purposes, may require very fast (very low-latency) sensing data transmission. In such cases, for example, a very low packet delay budget (PDB) value may be required.

[0220] In conclusion, as discussed above, in an ISAC system, for example, if the "sensing node" (which measures sensing data, e.g., a UE, a base station / TRP, etc.) and the "sensing server" (which analyzes the sensing data, e.g., a UE, a base station / TRP, a core network) are not the same entity, sensing data transmission between the two entities may be required. The characteristics of sensing data, compared to, for example, positioning data, may have more diverse periods, require higher speeds, be more variable, and require more stringent PDB values. Therefore, a method may be needed to effectively transmit sensing data over the wireless section, which is diverse and variable and requires high speeds and low delays.

[0221] (Multi-modal) sensing data and multiple (entry) SPS / CG configurations can be proposed.

[0222] For example, sensing data may have periodic characteristics. For example, in the case of non-3GPP sensing, periodic non-3GPP sensing data transmission may be performed based on the period information at which one sensing data is generated or the transmission period information of a periodic sensing measurement report, depending on the characteristics of each sensor type and individual hardware. In the case of 3GPP sensing, periodic sensing data transmission may be performed based on the period at which a sensing signal is transmitted or the transmission period information of a periodic sensing measurement report. In order to transmit (multi-modal) sensing data, various sensing data of different periods must be effectively transmitted.

[0223] For example, if a sensing data transmission cycle is set, resources with cycles can be allocated so that sensing data can be transmitted for each cycle. In a 5G system, for example, semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) and / or configured grant (CG) with specific cycles can be set. Therefore, for example, SPS or CG resources with different cycles can be set for each sensor with different cycles. For example, when sensor data with multiple different cycles must be transmitted, multiple SPSs (on the downlink) and / or CGs (on the uplink) with different cycles can be set. Such multiple SPSs / CGs were introduced in 3GPP Release-16. For example, on one BWP, there can be up to 8 SPSs and 12 CGs that can be used simultaneously. For example, the base station can set each SPS / CG resource via an RRC message.

[0224] For example, activation / deactivation of multiple (entry) SPS / CGs of variable (multi-modal) sensing data can be proposed.

[0225] For example, the size of the sensing data and whether or not it is transmitted may be variable. For example, when using a compression method to reduce the size of the sensing data to be transmitted, the amount of data to be compressed (e.g., change data) may vary over time (time-varying).

[0226] Additionally, for example, in order to increase the efficiency of sensing data transmission, if a method is used in which the data is transmitted only when a specific change occurs (event-based triggered) or when the amount of change is greater than a specific threshold (threshold-based triggered), then if there is no changed data or the changed data is very small, the transmission of the sensing data may not be necessary.

[0227] In this case, if the sensing data transmission can be omitted, the power-saving effect of the sensing data transmitter can be seen by not transmitting the sensing data, but since the SPS / CG resources already allocated are data allocated to the corresponding UE, if not used, it results in a waste of resources of the entire network.

[0228] To prevent such resource waste, for example, each SPS / CG resource configured via an RRC message can be activated only when in use, and can also be deactivated when not in use. Fig. 13 illustrates an example of activation / deactivation for periodic resources according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 13 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Fig. 13 illustrates, as an example, a case of periodic and variable transmission of (multi-modal) sensing data. For example, activation / deactivation for each periodic resource may be necessary for efficient use of resources.

[0229] Referring to Fig. 13, for example, a basic SPS resource (#1) and additional SPS resources (#2, #3, #4) can be set at an initial point in time. For example, SPS / CG resources can be repeatedly allocated in a 10 ms cycle, and the packet delay budget (PDB) can be set to 15 ms. For example, resources (#2, #3) can be individually activated (Activate #2, Activate #3) and deactivated (Deactivate #2, Deactivate #3). For example, whether a resource is activated or not can be indicated by a solid line (activated) and a dotted line (deactivated) box, and the size of a transport block (TB) can be indicated by a vertical axis. Fig. 13 discloses SPS resources, but is not limited thereto. For example, an SPS (e.g., an SPS resource) described with reference to Fig. 13 can be equally applied to a CG (e.g., a CG resource).

[0230] For example, activation / deactivation of such SPS / CG can be possible through DCI (downlink control information) messages of the physical layer.

[0231] According to 3GPP TS 38.321, activation / deactivation of SPS / CG (type-2) is possible only by DCI (L1 signaling).

[0232] - For DL ​​SPS, DL allocation is provided via PDCCH and stored or deleted based on L1 signaling indicating activation or deactivation of SPS.

[0233] - There are two types of transmission methods without dynamic grants.

[0234] - - Configured grant type 1: The uplink grant is provided via RRC and stored as a configured uplink grant.

[0235] - - Configured grant type 2: The uplink grant is provided via PDCCH and stored or deleted based on L1 signaling indicating activation or deactivation of the configured uplink grant.

[0236] According to 3GPP TS 38.213, DCI allows the activation of a single SPS / CG. Additionally, single or multiple SPS / CGs can be deactivated.

[0237] - When a terminal is provided with a single SPS PDSCH or a single UL grant type 2 configuration in an active DL / UL BWP of a scheduling cell, special fields of single DL SPS or single UL grant type 2 scheduling activation PDCCH verification may be provided as shown in Table 7.

[0238] DCI format 0_0 / 0_1 / 0_2 DCI format 1_0 / 1_2 DCI format 1_1 HARQ process number All set to '0' All set to '0' All set to '0' Redundancy version All set to '0' All set to '0' For enabled transport blocks: All set to '0'

[0239] - When a terminal is provided with a single SPS PDSCH or a single UL grant type 2 configuration in an active DL / UL BWP of a scheduling cell, special fields of single DL SPS or single UL grant type 2 scheduling release PDCCH verification may be provided as shown in Table 8.

[0240] DCI Format 0_0 / 0_1 / 0_2DCI Format 1_0 / 1_1 / 1_2HARQ Process NumberAll set to '0'All set to '0'Redundancy VersionAll set to '0'All set to '0'Modulation and Coding SchemeAll set to '1'All set to '1'Frequency Domain Resource AllocationIf FDRA Type 2 and u=1, set to '0'All else set to '1'If FDRA Type 0 or dynamicSwitch, set to '0'All else set to '1'

[0241] - When a terminal is provided with multiple DL SPS or multiple UL grant type 2 configurations in an active DL / UL BWP of a scheduling cell, special fields of single DL SPS or single UL grant type 2 scheduling activation PDCCH verification may be provided as shown in Table 9.

[0242] DCI format 0_0 / 0_1 / 0_2DCI format 1_0 / 1_2DCI format 1_1Redundancy versionAll set to '0'All set to '0'For enabled transport blocks:All set to '0'

[0243] - When a terminal is provided with multiple DL SPS or multiple UL grant type 2 configurations in an active DL / UL BWP of a scheduling cell, special fields of single or multiple DL SPS and UL grant type 2 scheduling release PDCCH verification may be provided as shown in Table 10.

[0244] DCI Format 0_0 / 0_1 / 0_2DCI Format 1_0 / 1_1 / 1_2Redundancy VersionSet all to '0'Set all to '0'Modulation and Coding SchemeSet all to '1'Set all to '1'Frequency Domain Resource AllocationIf FDRA Type 2 and u=1, set all to '0', otherwise set all to '1'If FDRA Type 0 or dynamicSwitch, set all to '0',if FDRA Type 1, set all to '1'

[0245] For example, there may be issues related to time delays due to multiple DCI signaling for multi-entry SPS / CG activation.

[0246] The problem is that to enable multi-entry SPS / CG, multiple DCI messages must be transmitted.

[0247] These constraints, at a minimum, require reliable, fast transmission and processing of sensing data for several ISAC use cases (e.g., public safety), which may have much stricter latency requirements than conventional Internet or streaming data. While conventional URLLC services also require strict latency, this is limited to specific use cases (e.g., IIoT) with small data sizes, making them distinct from the transmission of large, variable-capacity sensing data.

[0248] Therefore, the current SPS / CG activation using a single DCI, which causes a long time delay, is not suitable for the variable sensing data transmission of ISAC sensing data.

[0249] For example, there may be issues with confusion and unnecessary cross-layer signaling due to mixed activation / deactivation methods.

[0250] According to 3GPP TS 38.321, MAC CE must be transmitted for configured CG resources to confirm the configuration. Sidelink communications also require the same or similar behavior.

[0251] - The MAC entity must:

[0252] 1> At least one configured uplink grant confirmation has been triggered and not canceled; and

[0253] 1> When a MAC entity is allocated UL resources for a new transmission:

[0254] 2> If at least one configured uplink grant is set by configuredGrantConfigToAddModList on this MAC entity:

[0255] 3> Instructs the Multiplexing and Assembly procedure to generate a Multiple Entry Configured Grant Confirmation MAC CE.

[0256] 2> If not:

[0257] 3> Instructs the multiplexing and assembly procedure to generate a Configured Grant Confirmation MAC CE.

[0258] 2> Cancel all triggered configured uplink grant confirmations.

[0259] For configured grant type 2, the MAC entity shall immediately clear the configured uplink grant after transmitting the first configured grant acknowledgement MAC CE or multi-entry configured grant acknowledgement MAC CE that confirms the configured uplink grant is disabled.

[0260] Additionally, in the case of positioning SRS, activation / deactivation is performed through MAC CE.

[0261] - The network can activate or deactivate the configured resource sets of the semi-persistent positioning SRS of the serving cell by sending the SP Positioning SRS Activation / Deactivation MAC CE. The configured resource sets of the semi-persistent positioning SRS are initially deactivated upon (re)configuration by the upper layer and after reconfiguration with sync.

[0262] As with the methods listed above, for example, CG confirmation and positioning SRS activation / deactivation can be achieved via MAC CE. However, SPS / CG activation / deactivation is only possible via DCI. Thus, the current standard is somewhat complex due to the mix of methods.

[0263] Additionally, the size of the available DCI is limited, and it requires cross-layer signaling between the physical and MAC layers.

[0264] In ISAC systems, multimodal sensing data acquired from various types of sensors can have different characteristics, such as transmission frequency, data size, and delay requirements. In particular, non-3GPP sensors (such as LiDAR and cameras) require the irregular transmission of large amounts of data, and in some cases, real-time performance may also be required. To address this, 5G systems support the efficient transmission of periodic data using semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) and configured grants (CG). However, the following limitations exist:

[0265] - Multi-SPS / CG configuration according to multi-sensor is possible, but DCI (downlink control information) messages must be transmitted separately for activation and deactivation, which increases signaling overhead and causes time delay.

[0266] - If sensing data occurs irregularly based on events or thresholds, there is a problem of wasting pre-allocated resources.

[0267] - In the existing system, the SPS / CG control method is mixed with MAC CE or DCI, so cross-layer signaling is complex and lacks consistency.

[0268] - For uplink CG, base station-based activation control may increase delay due to a time difference between traffic generation and actual resource usage.

[0269] In conventional 5G NR ISAC systems, multiple sensors, such as LiDAR / cameras, generate (multimodal) sensing data with different transmission cycles, data sizes, and delay requirements. Therefore, separate SPS or CG resources must be set for each sensor, which must then be individually activated / deactivated via DCI. The first problem is that as the number of sensors increases, the DCI increases exponentially, consuming PDCCH resources and increasing transmission delays. Furthermore, when event / threshold-based traffic intermittently occurs, previously reserved periodic resources remain idle, wasting radio resources.

[0270] Second, the control is mixed between the physical layer (DCI) and the MAC layer (MAC CE), which results in inconsistency between the layers. In particular, in CG mode 2 (UL Configured Grant Type 2), even if the network quickly allocates resources with DCI, it must receive a Multiple Entry Configured Grant Confirmation MAC CE (or a Single CG Confirmation MAC CE) before it can reallocate the resources to other terminals. If this confirmation MAC CE is not received, the network cannot reclaim the resources due to the risk of collision and must wait. Therefore, even if DCI is used for fast transmission, additional MAC CE exchanges are required, which again increases the number of signaling cycles and delay.

[0271] Finally, the current specification lacks the ability to activate 'multi-entry' to control multiple SPS / CGs simultaneously, or operates only on a single-entry basis, making it difficult to optimize resource utilization in a multi-sensor environment.

[0272] In the present disclosure, a technique for improving the dynamic activation / deactivation of SPS and CG resources for efficient wireless transmission of (multi-modal) sensing data may be provided. For example, the main configuration may be as follows:

[0273] - Define a MAC CE for enabling / disabling multiple SPS / CGs: This allows for the integrated control of multiple SPS and / or CG resources within a single MAC CE, thereby replacing multiple DCI transmissions and simplifying signaling. For example, this MAC CE can contain sensing session information, sensor type information, logical channel information, enable / disable commands, etc.

[0274] - Utilizing MAC CE based on sensing pattern: If sensing data transmission follows a predictable pattern, the pattern information can be included in MAC CE to improve resource switching efficiency.

[0275] - Data size-based resource switching: Resource waste can be reduced by selecting the SPS / CG index to use or dynamically changing the cycle based on the size of the sensing data.

[0276] - Proposal for UE Autonomous CG Activation: A method can be proposed that allows the UE to autonomously activate / deactivate specific CG resources based on its own judgment, rather than through base station commands. This can minimize transmission delays, reduce network congestion, and ensure real-time performance.

[0277] In the present disclosure, a method of using SPS and CG resources for efficient transmission of (multi-modal) sensing data can be proposed.

[0278] For example, a multi-entry SPS / CG enable / disable MAC CE may be proposed.

[0279] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a procedure related to activation / deactivation of a periodic resource, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0280] For example, in step S1410, the first device can receive information related to periodic resources from the second device. For example, if a sensing data transmission cycle is set, a resource with a cycle can be allocated so that sensing data can be transmitted for each cycle. In a 5G system, for example, a semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) and / or a configured grant (CG) with a specific cycle can be set. Accordingly, for example, for each sensor with a different cycle, an SPS or CG resource with a different cycle can be set. For example, when sensor data with multiple different cycles must be transmitted, multiple SPSs (on the downlink) and / or CGs (on the uplink) with different cycles can be set. Such multiple SPSs / CGs were introduced in 3GPP Release-16. For example, on a single BWP, there can be up to 8 SPSs and 12 CGs available simultaneously. For example, the base station can configure each SPS / CG resource via an RRC message.

[0281] For example, in step S1420, the first device can receive an activation or deactivation MAC CE for a multi-entry periodic resource from the second device. In the present disclosure, for example, a multi-entry SPS / CG activation / deactivation MAC CE can be proposed. By using this, it is possible to reduce signaling overhead and decrease time delay when transmitting (multi-modal) sensing data. For example, the multi-entry SPS / CG activation / deactivation MAC CE can include at least one or more of the following parameters: - Sensing service and / or sensing session information - Sensor type / kind information - Sensing channel (group) and / or logical channel (group) information - Established SPS / CG information (e.g., SPS / CG index) - Activation or deactivation (deactivate / release / clear) information of each SPS / CG. For example, when a sensing data pattern is determined, instead of transmitting multiple MAC CEs, a single MAC CE with the pattern is transmitted, thereby reducing signaling overhead. For example, multiple (entry) SPS / CGs can be generated based on data size, and at any given time, only a specific resource can be configured to be used. This can be used by switching the SPS / CG index, thereby reducing the message size of the MAC CE, thereby reducing signaling overhead. In the present disclosure, a method can be proposed in which, for example, a UE autonomously activates / deactivates a CG. The base station can know, for example, information about the CG that the UE wants to use or not use. Through this, for example, the UE and the base station can more freely use the configured CG without the help of BSR / DSR or UE assistance messages, and time delay can be reduced.Therefore, for example, in order for the UE to activate the use of a CG on its own, confirmation from the base station may be required. For example, the base station may inform the UE of the decision made in response to the activation request through a (new) MAC CE. In the present disclosure, this may be called, for example, a (tentative name) UE autonomous activated CG confirmation MAC CE. Note that this may be used as a modification of the conventional (multiple entry) configured grant confirmation MAC CE, for example. For example, for a specific CG, the UE may freely activate / deactivate it without a UE autonomous activated CG confirmation MAC CE. This may be applied to sensing data with more stringent time delay characteristics, for example.

[0282] For example, in step S1430, the first device may transmit sensing data to the second device or receive sensing data from the second device based on an activated or deactivated MAC CE for a multi-entry periodic resource. In an ISAC system, if a “sensing node” (which measures sensing data, e.g., UE, base station / TRP, etc.) and a “sensing server” (which analyzes sensing data, e.g., UE, base station / TRP, core network) are not the same entity, sensing data transmission may be required between the two entities. In the present disclosure, this may include both the uplink (e.g., CG) where the UE transmits the sensing data measured to the base station (or the core network end via the base station), as well as the downlink (e.g., SPS) where the base station transmits the sensing data measured to the UE (e.g., UE-based sensing).

[0283] For example, referring to FIG. 14, the first device may be a sensing node. For example, the first device may be a UE, a base station, or a TRP operating as a sensing node. For example, the second device may be a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a UE, a base station, a TRP, or a core network operating as a sensing server.

[0284] For example, referring to FIG. 14, the first device may be a sensing server. For example, the first device may be a UE, a base station, a TRP, or a core network operating as a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a sensing node. For example, the second device may be a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a UE, a base station, or a TRP operating as a sensing node.

[0285] SPS / CG activation / deactivation delivered via DCI has the advantage of being able to signal to UEs in RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE states or UEs in DRX OFF state. However, since the UE must continuously transmit sensing data during sensing operation, additional methods to minimize signaling overhead and time delay are needed.

[0286] In the present disclosure, for example, a multi-entry SPS / CG activation / deactivation MAC CE can be proposed. Using this, it is possible to reduce signaling overhead and time delay when transmitting (multi-modal) sensing data.

[0287] Fig. 15 illustrates an example of activation / deactivation for periodic resources according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 15 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Fig. 15 will represent an example of a case of periodic and variable transmission of (multi-modal) sensing data. For example, through a multi-entry SPS / CG activation / deactivation MAC CE, the time delay due to two transmissions of the conventional activation (Activation) SPS / CG #2 signaling and activation (Activation) SPS / CG #3 signaling can be reduced through a single multi-entry SPS / CG activation / deactivation MAC CE transmission.

[0288] Referring to FIG. 15, for example, a basic SPS resource (#1) and additional SPS resources (#2, #3, #4) may be set at an initial point in time. For example, SPS / CG resources may be repeatedly allocated at 10 ms intervals, and the packet delay budget (PDB) may be set to 15 ms.

[0289] For example, resources (#2, #3) can be activated simultaneously (Activate #2 & #3) and deactivated simultaneously (Deactivate #2 & #3). For example, whether a resource is activated or not can be indicated by a solid line (activated) and a dotted line (deactivated) box, and the size of a transport block (TB) can be indicated by a vertical axis. Although Fig. 15 discloses SPS resources, it is not limited thereto. For example, an SPS (e.g., an SPS resource) described with reference to Fig. 15 can be equally applied to a CG (e.g., a CG resource).

[0290] For example, a multi-entry SPS / CG enable / disable MAC CE may include at least one of the following parameters:

[0291] - Sensing service and / or sensing session information

[0292] - Sensor type / type information

[0293] - Sensing channel (group) and / or logical channel (group) information

[0294] - Information on the set SPS / CGs (e.g. SPS / CG index)

[0295] - Information on activation or deactivation (deactivate / release / clear) of each SPS / CG

[0296] Here, for example, sensing service and / or sensing session information, sensor type / type information, and sensing channel (group) and / or logical channel (group) information can indicate the relationship between which sensing service or sensor a specific SPS / CG is associated with. This is not necessarily required information, but may include related QoS information and priority information, as it is information necessary for prioritization in cases where the base station is congested and lacks resources.

[0297] Here, for example, one or more SPS / CG information and activation / deactivation information can be merged and transmitted in one MAC CE format.

[0298] For example, the configuration of a MAC CE can be configured based on whether the parameters listed above are used and the number of bits required. Furthermore, a new (e)LCID number can be used, for example, to distinguish the MAC CE from a conventional MAC CE.

[0299] Below, various embodiments may be disclosed.

[0300] However, the drawings related to the embodiments below were drawn based on SPS. The drawings of the present disclosure can be equally used in CG.

[0301] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of activation / deactivation for a periodic resource according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Referring to FIG. 16, when a sensing data pattern is determined, a single MAC CE having the pattern is transmitted instead of multiple MAC CEs, thereby reducing signaling overhead.

[0302] Referring to Figure 16, for example, SPS pattern #1 may be set at an initial point in time, and the pattern may be activated at a specific point in time (arrow) thereafter.

[0303] For example, SPS resources can be allocated periodically (approximately every 11.1 ms), and the period of SPS pattern #1 can be approximately 44.4 ms. For example, the packet delay budget (PDB) can be set to 15 ms.

[0304] For example, new packet arrivals, queued packets, and delivered packets can be displayed respectively.

[0305] For example, an arriving packet can then be assigned to the nearest enabled SPS resource and transmitted (connected by a dotted line).

[0306] For example, SPS resources (#1, #2, #3, #4) can be activated according to the numbers shown in parentheses.

[0307] Although FIG. 16 discloses SPS resources, it is not limited thereto. For example, the SPS (e.g., SPS resources) described with reference to FIG. 16 can be equally applied to CG (e.g., CG resources).

[0308] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of activation / deactivation of a periodic resource according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0309] Referring to Figure 17, multiple (entry) SPS / CGs can be created based on data size, and at any given time, only a specific resource can be used. This can be used by switching SPS / CG indexes, thereby reducing the signaling overhead by reducing the message size of the MAC CE.

[0310] Referring to FIG. 17, for example, SPS resources may be denoted as #1, #2, and #3, respectively, and each resource may be allocated repeatedly periodically (approximately 11.1 ms).

[0311] For example, the packet delay budget (PDB) can be set to 15 ms.

[0312] For example, new packet arrivals, queued packets, and delivered packets can be displayed respectively.

[0313] For example, an arriving packet can then be assigned to the nearest enabled SPS resource and transmitted (connected by a dotted line).

[0314] For example, at a specific point in time (arrow), an SPS resource can be indicated so that data can be transmitted through that resource.

[0315] For example, instead of the existing method of explicitly activating / deactivating SPS resources, you can manage them by directly specifying the resources to be used through "Indicate".

[0316] Although FIG. 17 discloses SPS resources, it is not limited thereto. For example, the SPS (e.g., SPS resources) described with reference to FIG. 17 can be equally applied to CG (e.g., CG resources).

[0317] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of activation / deactivation of a periodic resource according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0318] Referring to Figure 18, multiple (entry) SPS / CGs can be created based on data size, and at any given time, only a specific resource can be used. This can be used by switching SPS / CG indexes, thereby reducing the signaling overhead by reducing the message size of the MAC CE.

[0319] Referring to Figure 18, for example, SPS resources (#1, #2, #3) are each distinct and allocated in 11.1 ms cycles.

[0320] For example, the packet delay budget (PDB) can be set to 15 ms.

[0321] For example, at a specific point in time (arrow), an SPS resource can be indicated so that data can be transmitted through that resource.

[0322] Although FIG. 18 discloses SPS resources, it is not limited thereto. For example, the SPS (e.g., SPS resources) described with reference to FIG. 18 can be equally applied to CG (e.g., CG resources).

[0323] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of activation / deactivation of a periodic resource according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0324] Referring to Fig. 19, for example, if there is difficulty in setting up multiple (entry) SPS / CGs due to a lack of available SPS / CGs, a single SPS / CG can be used, and only the period of the corresponding resource can be changed. For example, if the size of the sensing data to be transmitted is larger than the configured SPS / CG size, the period of the corresponding SPS / CG can be changed.

[0325] Referring to Figure 19, for example, SPS resources can be allocated based on long cycles and short cycles. For example, in the initial state, transmission resources can be allocated based on long cycles. For example, the transmission cycle can be changed to short cycles through MAC CE, and when the packet arrival frequency increases, SPS resources can be allocated more frequently to accommodate this.

[0326] For example, the transmission cycle can be changed back to a long cycle through MAC CE, which can reduce the frequency of transmission resource allocation.

[0327] Although FIG. 19 discloses SPS resources, it is not limited thereto. For example, the SPS (e.g., SPS resources) described with reference to FIG. 19 can be equally applied to CG (e.g., CG resources).

[0328] Depending on the various embodiments listed above, the configuration of the MAC CE may vary. Additionally, for example, a new (e)LCID number may be used to distinguish the MAC CE from a conventional MAC CE.

[0329] For example, UE autonomous CG activation / deactivation

[0330] Conventional SPS / CGs, for example, can be configured and activated / deactivated entirely at the base station. For example, it may be natural for the base station to perform SPS on the downlink. However, for example, on the uplink CG, the base station may require BSR / DSR MAC CEs or UE assistance information for specific traffic to configure and activate / deactivate CG resources. Based on this, the base station performs CG resource allocation and activation / deactivation operations, resulting in time delays.

[0331] In the present disclosure, a method may be proposed in which, for example, a UE autonomously activates / deactivates a CG. The base station may, for example, be aware of CG information that the UE wishes to use or not use. This allows, for example, the UE and the base station to more freely use the configured CG without the assistance of BSR / DSR or UE assistance messages, and may reduce time delay.

[0332] For example, when a network activates SPS, it decides to allocate resources to a specific UE, and transmitting sensing data through the activated SPS does not cause collisions among other UEs. However, for example, in uplink CG, the base station can set the same CG settings to multiple UEs to improve resource efficiency. Thus, resource efficiency can be improved by enabling CG resources not used by a specific UE to be used by other UEs.

[0333] Therefore, for example, in order for the UE to activate CG usage on its own, confirmation from the base station may be required. For example, the base station may announce the decision made in response to the UE's activation request through a (new) MAC CE. In the present disclosure, this may be referred to, for example, as a (tentatively named) UE-autonomous activated CG confirmation MAC CE. Note that this may be used, for example, as a modified version of the conventional (multiple entry) configured grant confirmation MAC CE.

[0334] For example, for a CG usage request by a UE, the UE may transmit information about the CG it wishes to use, along with quality information and / or priority information, to the base station for decision-making. For example, the base station may refer to this information when deciding whether to use the UE.

[0335] For example, for a specific CG, the UE can freely activate / deactivate it without a UE autonomously activated CG confirmation MAC CE. This can be applied to sensing data with more stringent time delay characteristics, for example. For this purpose, for example, the base station can differentiate between CGs that require a UE autonomously activated CG confirmation MAC CE and CGs that do not require one during the initial CG configuration. For example, the UE can further reduce the time delay by activating a CG that does not require a UE autonomously activated CG confirmation MAC CE without waiting for reception of a UE autonomously activated CG confirmation MAC CE.

[0336] In the present disclosure, it may include both the uplink (e.g., CG) in which the UE transmits the sensing data measured by the UE to the base station (or to the core network end via the base station) (e.g., for UE-based sensing), as well as the downlink (e.g., SPS) in which the base station transmits the sensing data measured by the UE to the UE (e.g., BS-based sensing).

[0337] In the present disclosure, it can include both the uplink (e.g., CG) in which the UE transmits the sensing data measured by the UE to the base station (or the core network end via the base station), as well as the downlink (e.g., SPS) in which the base station transmits the sensing data measured by the UE to the UE (e.g., UE-based sensing).

[0338] The above methods proposed in this disclosure can be applied to both 3GPP sensing data and non-3GPP sensing data.

[0339] For example, in the present disclosure, the sensing data may be data derived by a sensing wireless measurement entity based on a wireless signal that is influenced (e.g., reflected, refracted, or diffracted) by an object or environment of interest for sensing purposes. For example, this data may be raw measurements and optionally be further processed within the sensing wireless measurement entity. For example, the sensing data may include at least one of 3GPP sensing data or non-3GPP sensing data.

[0340] For example, in the present disclosure, 3GPP sensing data is data obtained from 3GPP wireless signals that have been affected (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted) by an object or environment of interest for sensing purposes, and may optionally be processed within a 5G system.

[0341] For example, in the present disclosure, non-3GPP sensing data may be data provided by a non-3GPP sensor (e.g., video, LiDAR, sonar) about an object or environment of interest for sensing purposes.

[0342] For example, in the present disclosure, 5G / 6G wireless sensing may be a 5GS / 6GS capability that provides the ability to acquire information about characteristics of an environment and / or objects within the environment (e.g., shape, size, orientation, speed, position, distance, relative motion between objects, etc.) using NR radio frequency signals, and in some cases may be extended by information generated through capabilities previously defined in the EPC and / or E-UTRAN.

[0343] For example, in the present disclosure, sensing assistance information may be provided to the 5G system from a trusted third party and may be used to support the derivation of sensing results. This information may not include 3GPP sensing data. Examples of sensing assistance information may include map information, area information, a UE identifier (ID) attached to or located near a sensing target, UE location information, UE speed information, and the like.

[0344] For example, in the present disclosure, sensing context information may be information that a 5G / 6G system exposes to a trusted third party along with sensing results, providing context regarding the conditions under which the sensing results were derived. This information may not include 3GPP sensing data. For example, examples of sensing context information may include map information, area information, capture time, UE location, and ID. This context information may be required in scenarios where sensing results must be combined with data from other sources outside of 5GS.

[0345] For example, in the present disclosure, a sensing group may be a set of sensing transmitters and sensing receivers whose locations are known and capable of synchronously collecting sensing data.

[0346] For example, in the present disclosure, a sensing receiver may be an entity that receives sensing signals used by a sensing service in its operation. The sensing receiver may be part of a RAN node or a UE. The sensing receiver may be located in the same entity as the sensing transmitter or in a different entity.

[0347] For example, in the present disclosure, the sensing result may be processed 3GPP sensing data requested by a service consumer.

[0348] For example, in the present disclosure, a sensing signal may be a transmission signal on a 3GPP radio interface that can be used for sensing purposes. For example, this definition may refer to a NR radio frequency signal, and in some cases, may be extended to information generated from existing functions of the EPC and / or E-UTRAN.

[0349] For example, a sensing transmitter may be an entity that transmits sensing signals used by a sensing service in its operation. The sensing transmitter may be part of a RAN node or a UE. The sensing transmitter may be located in the same entity as the sensing receiver or in a different entity.

[0350] For example, a target sensing service area may be a location area in Cartesian coordinates that satisfies a specific sensing service quality and that is to sense the environment and / or object characteristics within the environment derived from (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted) 3GPP radio signals. This may include both indoor and outdoor environments.

[0351] For example, the present disclosure may be applied to a base station (e.g., a TRP) and / or a terminal monostatic. For example, the present disclosure may also be applied to a base station-base station (e.g., a TRP-TRP), a base station-UE (e.g., a TRP-UE), a UE-base station (e.g., a UE-TRP), and / or a UE-UE bistatic.

[0352] For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set resource pool-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set congestion level-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set service priority-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set service type-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for PQI (5QI (5G QoS identifier) ​​for PC5). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for traffic types (e.g., periodic generation or aperiodic generation). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for SL transmission resource allocation modes (e.g., mode 1 or mode 2).For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods / rules of the present disclosure are applicable and / or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be configured specifically (or differently or independently) for a Tx profile (e.g., a Tx profile indicating that the service supports sidelink DRX operation or a Tx profile indicating that the service does not need to support sidelink DRX operation).

[0353] For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be specifically (or differently or independently) set depending on whether PUCCH configuration is supported (e.g., when PUCCH resources are configured or when PUCCH resources are not configured). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be specifically (or differently or independently) set for a resource pool (e.g., a resource pool where PSFCH is configured or a resource pool where PSFCH is not configured). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be specifically (or differently or independently) set for a type of service / packet. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be specifically (or differently or independently) set for a priority of a service / packet. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a QoS profile or QoS requirement (e.g., URLLC / EMBB traffic, reliability, latency). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a PQI. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a PFI. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a cast type (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a (resource pool) congestion level (e.g., CBR).For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure is applicable and / or the related parameter setting value can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL HARQ feedback scheme (e.g., NACK-only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure is applicable and / or the related parameter setting value can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for HARQ Feedback Enabled MAC PDU transmission. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure is applicable and / or the related parameter setting value can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for HARQ Feedback Disabled MAC PDU transmission. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure is applicable and / or the related parameter setting value can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether a PUCCH-based SL HARQ feedback reporting operation is set. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether pre-emption or pre-emption-based resource reselection is performed. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether re-evaluation or re-evaluation-based resource reselection is performed. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for (L2 or L1) (source and / or destination) identifiers. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for (L2 or L1) (a combination of source ID and destination ID) identifiers.For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for an identifier (L2 or L1) (a combination of a pair of source ID and destination ID and a cast type). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a direction of a pair of source layer ID and destination layer ID. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a PC5 RRC connection / link. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether SL DRX is performed. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether SL DRX is supported. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for the SL mode type (e.g., resource allocation mode 1 or resource allocation mode 2). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for the case of performing (a)periodic resource reservation. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and / or the related parameter setting values ​​can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a Tx profile (e.g., a Tx profile indicating that the service supports sidelink DRX operation or a Tx profile indicating that the service does not need to support sidelink DRX operation).

[0354] The applicability of the proposals and proposed rules of the present disclosure (and / or related parameter settings) may also be applied to mmWave sidelink operation.

[0355] For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed service type-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed (or differently or independently) (LCH or service) priority-specifically. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed (or differently or independently) QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range)-specifically. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed PQI parameter-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed SL HARQ feedback ENABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission)-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL HARQ feedback DISABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for CBR measurement values ​​of resource pools. For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL cast types (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast).For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL groupcast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, NACK only feedback based on TX-RX distance). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 or SL CG type 2). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 or mode 2). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for resource pool. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) whether the PSFCH resource is a configured resource pool. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a source (L2) ID. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a destination (L2) ID. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a PC5 RRC connection link.For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL link. For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a connection state (with a base station) (e.g., RRC CONNECTED state, IDLE state, INACTIVE state). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL HARQ process (ID). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for whether the SL DRX operation (of a TX UE or an RX UE) is performed. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed scheme / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether the UE is power saving (TX or RX). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed scheme / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) if (from a specific UE perspective) PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX overlap (and / or multiple PSFCH TXs (which exceed the UE capability)) (and / or if PSFCH TX (and / or PSFCH RX) are omitted). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed scheme / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether the RX UE actually (successfully) receives a PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) (re)transmission from a TX UE.

[0356] For example, in the present disclosure, the setting (or designation) wording can be extended to include a form in which a base station notifies a terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or a form provided through pre-configuration and / or a form in which a terminal notifies another terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)).

[0357] For example, in the present disclosure, the PSFCH wording can be extended to (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal)). In addition, the proposed method of the present disclosure can be extended (in a new form) by being combined with each other.

[0358] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the beam management operation may be interpreted as being replaced with beam selection or spatial filter selection or beam pairing or spatial filter pairing or beam failure recovery or spatial filter recovery or beam sweeping or spatial filter sweeping or beam switching or spatial filter switching or measurement of reference signal resources or measurement reporting of reference signal resources or beam reporting or spatial filter reporting, etc.

[0359] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the beam may be interpreted as being replaced by an RS or RS resource or a spatial filter resource.

[0360] In embodiments of the present disclosure, RS may be interpreted as being replaced with RS resources or spatial filter resources.

[0361] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmitting terminal may be interpreted as a terminal transmitting a beam, a terminal transmitting a beam RS, a terminal transmitting a beam RS resource, etc.

[0362] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the receiving terminal may be interpreted as a terminal that receives a beam, a terminal that receives a beam RS, a terminal that receives a beam RS resource, etc.

[0363] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmission beam or reception beam information transmitted and received by the terminal may be interpreted as being replaced with resource information of an RS (reference signal) associated with the transmission beam and resource information of an RS (reference signal) associated with the reception beam.

[0364] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the direct communication request (DCR) and / or direct communication accept (DCA) messages may be interpreted as being replaced with PC5-S DCR and / or PC5-S DCA messages.

[0365] In embodiments of the present disclosure, spatial setting and / or transmission configuration indication (TCI) information and / or quasi-co-location (QCL) information and / or beams, etc. may refer to each other and / or may be interpreted as being replaced with beam-related information, beam direction, spatial domain transmission or reception filter, etc.

[0366] In embodiments of the present disclosure, a beam may be interpreted as a transmit beam or a receive beam or a spatial filter or a spatial transmit (TX) filter or a spatial domain transmit (TX) filter or a spatial receive (RX) filter or a spatial domain receive (RX) filter.

[0367] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmit / transmit beam may be interpreted as being replaced by a spatial transmit (TX) filter or a spatial domain transmit (TX) filter.

[0368] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the receive beam may be interpreted by replacing it with a spatial receive (RX) filter or a spatial domain receive (RX) filter.

[0369] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the same spatial setting information (or beam information) for transmission may mean that the spatial domain TX filter of the terminal is the same for two different transmission signals. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the same spatial setting information (or beam information) for reception may mean that two different reception signals are in a QCL 'TypeD' relationship and / or use the same spatial RX parameters.

[0370] For example, the control message (or signal) and / or data message (or signal) in the present disclosure may mean a control message (or signal) and / or data message (or signal) for wireless communication (e.g., LTE communication, NR communication, 6G communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and / or other wireless communication) other than a radar signal.

[0371] For example, the source ID and destination ID disclosed in the present disclosure may mean a source layer 1 ID and a destination layer 1 ID, and / or may mean a source layer 2 ID and a destination layer 2 ID.

[0372] FIG. 20 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0373] Referring to FIG. 20, in step S2010, a first device may obtain information related to a periodic resource. In step S1920, the first device may obtain an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource. In step S1930, the first device may transmit or receive sensing data to or from a second device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or a sensing session related to the sensing data.

[0374] For example, the first device may be a terminal operating as a sensing node. For example, the second device may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP) operating as a sensing server. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may be a multi-entry configured grant activation or deactivation MAC CE. For example, the sensing data may be transmitted to the second device based on the multi-entry configured grant activation or deactivation MAC CE.

[0375] For example, the first device may acquire the sensing data. For example, the sensing data may be transmitted to the second device based on the acquired sensing data and the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource.

[0376] For example, the above method may be related to the TRP-UE bistatic sensing mode.

[0377] For example, the method may relate to UE monostatic sensing mode or UE-UE bistatic sensing mode.

[0378] For example, the first device may be a terminal operating as a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a base station or TRP operating as a sensing node. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may be a multi-entry semi-persistent scheduling activation or deactivation MAC CE. For example, the sensing data may be received from the second device based on the multi-entry semi-persistent scheduling activation or deactivation MAC CE.

[0379] For example, the above method may be related to the UE-TRP bistatic sensing mode.

[0380] For example, the method may be related to a TRP monostatic sensing mode or a TRP-TRP bistatic sensing mode.

[0381] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to the sensor type associated with the sensing data.

[0382] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource can be set per sensing data pattern.

[0383] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource can be set according to the sensing data size.

[0384] For example, activation or deactivation of the periodic resource may be performed autonomously by the first device.

[0385] For example, activation or deactivation of the periodic resource may be performed autonomously by the first device based on acquisition of a UE autonomous activated CG confirmation MAC CE.

[0386] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include sensing service and / or sensing session information. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include sensor type / kind information. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include sensing channel (group) and / or logical channel (group) information. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include configured SPS / CG information (e.g., SPS / CG index). For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include activation or deactivation (deactivate / release / clear) information of each SPS / CG.

[0387] For example, the first device may be a sensing node. For example, the first device may be a UE, a base station, or a TRP that operates as a sensing node. For example, the second device may be a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a UE, a base station, a TRP, or a core network that operates as a sensing server.

[0388] For example, the first device may be a sensing server. For example, the first device may be a UE, a base station, a transport resource planning (TRP), or a core network operating as a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a sensing node. For example, the second device may be a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a UE, a base station, or a transport resource planning (TRP) operating as a sensing node.

[0389] The above proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain information related to a periodic resource (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to obtain information related to the periodic resource). Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) CE (control element) for a multi-entry periodic resource (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to obtain an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) CE (control element) for a multi-entry periodic resource). And, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can transmit or receive sensing data to or from the second device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource (for example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to transmit or receive sensing data to or from the second device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource). For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource can be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource can include information related to a sensing service or a sensing session related to the sensing data.

[0390] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain information related to a periodic resource; obtain an activation or deactivation multiple access control (MAC) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and transmit or receive sensing data to or from a second device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

[0391] For example, the first device may be a terminal operating as a sensing node. For example, the second device may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP) operating as a sensing server. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may be a multi-entry configured grant activation or deactivation MAC CE. For example, the sensing data may be transmitted to the second device based on the multi-entry configured grant activation or deactivation MAC CE.

[0392] For example, the first device may acquire the sensing data. For example, the sensing data may be transmitted to the second device based on the acquired sensing data and the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource.

[0393] For example, the above method may be related to the TRP-UE bistatic sensing mode.

[0394] For example, the method may relate to UE monostatic sensing mode or UE-UE bistatic sensing mode.

[0395] For example, the first device may be a terminal operating as a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a base station or TRP operating as a sensing node. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may be a multi-entry semi-persistent scheduling activation or deactivation MAC CE. For example, the sensing data may be received from the second device based on the multi-entry semi-persistent scheduling activation or deactivation MAC CE.

[0396] For example, the above method may be related to the UE-TRP bistatic sensing mode.

[0397] For example, the method may be related to a TRP monostatic sensing mode or a TRP-TRP bistatic sensing mode.

[0398] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to the sensor type associated with the sensing data.

[0399] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource can be set per sensing data pattern.

[0400] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource can be set according to the sensing data size.

[0401] For example, activation or deactivation of the periodic resource may be performed autonomously by the first device.

[0402] For example, activation or deactivation of the periodic resource may be performed autonomously by the first device based on acquisition of a UE autonomous activated CG confirmation MAC CE.

[0403] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include sensing service and / or sensing session information. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include sensor type / kind information. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include sensing channel (group) and / or logical channel (group) information. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include configured SPS / CG information (e.g., SPS / CG index). For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include activation or deactivation (deactivate / release / clear) information of each SPS / CG.

[0404] For example, the first device may be a sensing node. For example, the first device may be a UE, a base station, or a TRP that operates as a sensing node. For example, the second device may be a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a UE, a base station, a TRP, or a core network that operates as a sensing server.

[0405] For example, the first device may be a sensing server. For example, the first device may be a UE, a base station, a transport resource planning (TRP), or a core network operating as a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a sensing node. For example, the second device may be a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a UE, a base station, or a transport resource planning (TRP) operating as a sensing node.

[0406] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause a first device to: obtain information related to a periodic resource; obtain an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and transmit or receive sensing data to or from a second device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

[0407] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: obtain information related to a periodic resource; obtain an activation or deactivation multiple access control (MAC) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and transmit or receive sensing data to or from a second device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or a sensing session associated with the sensing data.

[0408] FIG. 21 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0409] Referring to FIG. 21, in step S2110, the second device may transmit information related to a periodic resource. In step S2120, the second device may transmit an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource. In step S2130, the second device may transmit or receive sensing data to or from the first device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or a sensing session related to the sensing data.

[0410] For example, the first device may be a terminal operating as a sensing node. For example, the second device may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP) operating as a sensing server. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may be a multi-entry configured grant activation or deactivation MAC CE. For example, the sensing data may be received from the first device based on the multi-entry configured grant activation or deactivation MAC CE.

[0411] For example, the above method may be related to the TRP-UE bistatic sensing mode.

[0412] For example, the method may relate to UE monostatic sensing mode or UE-UE bistatic sensing mode.

[0413] For example, the first device may be a terminal operating as a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a base station or TRP operating as a sensing node. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may be a multi-entry semi-persistent scheduling activation or deactivation MAC CE. For example, the sensing data may be transmitted to the first device based on the multi-entry semi-persistent scheduling activation or deactivation MAC CE.

[0414] For example, the second device may acquire the sensing data. For example, the sensing data may be transmitted to the first device based on the acquired sensing data and the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource.

[0415] For example, the above method may be related to the UE-TRP bistatic sensing mode.

[0416] For example, the method may be related to a TRP monostatic sensing mode or a TRP-TRP bistatic sensing mode.

[0417] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to the sensor type associated with the sensing data.

[0418] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource can be set per sensing data pattern.

[0419] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource can be set according to the sensing data size.

[0420] For example, activation or deactivation of the above periodic resource can be performed autonomously.

[0421] For example, activation or deactivation of the above periodic resource can be performed autonomously based on acquisition of UE autonomous activated CG confirmation MAC CE.

[0422] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include sensing service and / or sensing session information. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include sensor type / kind information. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include sensing channel (group) and / or logical channel (group) information. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include configured SPS / CG information (e.g., SPS / CG index). For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include activation or deactivation (deactivate / release / clear) information of each SPS / CG.

[0423] For example, the first device may be a sensing node. For example, the first device may be a UE, a base station, or a TRP that operates as a sensing node. For example, the second device may be a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a UE, a base station, a TRP, or a core network that operates as a sensing server.

[0424] For example, the first device may be a sensing server. For example, the first device may be a UE, a base station, a transport resource planning (TRP), or a core network operating as a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a sensing node. For example, the second device may be a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a UE, a base station, or a transport resource planning (TRP) operating as a sensing node.

[0425] The above proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can transmit information related to a periodic resource (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit information related to the periodic resource). Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can transmit an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) CE (control element) for a multi-entry periodic resource (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) CE (control element) for a multi-entry periodic resource). And, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can transmit or receive sensing data to or from the first device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource (for example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit or receive sensing data to or from the first device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource). For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource can be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource can include information related to a sensing service or a sensing session related to the sensing data.

[0426] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: transmit information related to a periodic resource; transmit an activation or deactivation multiple access control (MAC) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and transmit or receive sensing data to or from a first device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

[0427] For example, the first device may be a terminal operating as a sensing node. For example, the second device may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP) operating as a sensing server. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may be a multi-entry configured grant activation or deactivation MAC CE. For example, the sensing data may be received from the first device based on the multi-entry configured grant activation or deactivation MAC CE.

[0428] For example, the above method may be related to the TRP-UE bistatic sensing mode.

[0429] For example, the method may relate to UE monostatic sensing mode or UE-UE bistatic sensing mode.

[0430] For example, the first device may be a terminal operating as a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a base station or TRP operating as a sensing node. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may be a multi-entry semi-persistent scheduling activation or deactivation MAC CE. For example, the sensing data may be transmitted to the first device based on the multi-entry semi-persistent scheduling activation or deactivation MAC CE.

[0431] For example, the second device may acquire the sensing data. For example, the sensing data may be transmitted to the first device based on the acquired sensing data and the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource.

[0432] For example, the above method may be related to the UE-TRP bistatic sensing mode.

[0433] For example, the method may be related to a TRP monostatic sensing mode or a TRP-TRP bistatic sensing mode.

[0434] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to the sensor type associated with the sensing data.

[0435] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource can be set per sensing data pattern.

[0436] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource can be set according to the sensing data size.

[0437] For example, activation or deactivation of the above periodic resource can be performed autonomously.

[0438] For example, activation or deactivation of the above periodic resource can be performed autonomously based on acquisition of UE autonomous activated CG confirmation MAC CE.

[0439] For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include sensing service and / or sensing session information. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include sensor type / kind information. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include sensing channel (group) and / or logical channel (group) information. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include configured SPS / CG information (e.g., SPS / CG index). For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include activation or deactivation (deactivate / release / clear) information of each SPS / CG.

[0440] For example, the first device may be a sensing node. For example, the first device may be a UE, a base station, or a TRP that operates as a sensing node. For example, the second device may be a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a UE, a base station, a TRP, or a core network that operates as a sensing server.

[0441] For example, the first device may be a sensing server. For example, the first device may be a UE, a base station, a transport resource planning (TRP), or a core network operating as a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a sensing node. For example, the second device may be a sensing server. For example, the second device may be a UE, a base station, or a transport resource planning (TRP) operating as a sensing node.

[0442] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause a second device to: transmit information related to a periodic resource; transmit an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and transmit or receive sensing data to or from a first device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or a sensing session associated with the sensing data.

[0443] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a second device to: transmit information related to a periodic resource; transmit an activation or deactivation multiple access control (MAC) control element (CE) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and transmit or receive sensing data to or from a first device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, among the periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource may be activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource. For example, the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource may include information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

[0444] In the present disclosure, for example, a multi-entry SPS / CG activation / deactivation MAC CE can be proposed. Using this, it is possible to reduce signaling overhead and time delay when transmitting (multi-modal) sensing data.

[0445] Previously, individual DCIs were required for multiple sensors, but the MAC CE integrated control method of the present disclosure replaces this with a single MAC message, thereby introducing a consistent control method based on MAC CE, thereby reducing the complexity of cross-layer signaling caused by the mixed DCI / MAC CE structure and facilitating maintenance. By enabling autonomous CG activation by the UE and utilizing pattern-based MAC CE, the delay associated with resource control is reduced, making it suitable for sensing services where real-time is important. Even when sensing data transmission is not necessary, the waste of radio resources is reduced by disabling preset resources or changing the cycle.

[0446] To overcome these limitations, the present disclosure defines a MAC CE capable of simultaneous activation or deactivation of multi-entry periodic resources, and includes information such as sensing services / sensing sessions in the MAC CE, thereby simultaneously achieving resource control and service quality assurance. A first device (i) acquires periodic resource information, (ii) receives an activation / deactivation MAC CE for a multi-entry periodic resource, and (iii) transmits and receives sensing data with a second device based on the MAC CE. Accordingly, multiple SPSs / CGs can be integrated and controlled by a single MAC CE to eliminate DCI overload, and corresponding resources can be immediately turned on or off based on the generation / disappearance pattern of sensing traffic. In addition, a base station (TRP) / UE can immediately identify target accuracy / delay, etc. through the service / session ID contained in the MAC CE and increase / decrease resources.

[0447] As a result, the amount of control signals is significantly reduced in multiple sensor scenarios, reducing the PDCCH burden and processing load, and the resource activation delay is shortened to the time of a single MAC CE transmission, improving the responsiveness of real-time sensing services such as autonomous driving / industrial automation. By immediately disabling unnecessary periodic resources, more users / services can be accommodated in the same bandwidth, and by unifying control at the MAC layer, cross-layer complexity is eliminated and the burden of firmware maintenance / standardization is reduced. Furthermore, by providing an option for UEs to autonomously activate / deactivate configured grants, real-time traffic is guaranteed even in network congestion situations, thereby increasing the sensing QoS achievement rate and reducing the service failure rate.

[0448] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operations of the various embodiments may be omitted.

[0449] The above proposed method can be applied to the device described below. First, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can set at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP; bandwidth part). Then, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can control the transceiver (206) of the receiving terminal to receive a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) and / or a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) from the transmitting terminal on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).

[0450] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0451] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0452] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0453] Fig. 22 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0454] Referring to FIG. 22, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0455] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0456] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0457] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0458] FIG. 23 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0459] Referring to FIG. 23, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 22.

[0460] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0461] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0462] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0463] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0464] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0465] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0466] FIG. 24 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 24 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0467] Referring to FIG. 24, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 24 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 23. The hardware elements of FIG. 24 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 23. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 23. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 23, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 23.

[0468] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 24. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0469] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0470] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0471] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 24. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 23) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0472] Figure 25 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 22). The embodiment of Figure 25 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0473] Referring to FIG. 25, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 23 and may be composed of various elements, components, units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 23. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 23. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0474] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 22, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 22, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 22, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 22, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 22, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 22, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 22, 400), a base station (Fig. 22, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0475] In FIG. 25, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0476] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 25 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0477] FIG. 26 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 26 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0478] Referring to FIG. 26, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 25, respectively.

[0479] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0480] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

Claims

1. In the method, A step in which a first device acquires information related to a periodic resource; The first device acquires an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) CE (control element) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and A step of transmitting or receiving sensing data based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource to or from the second device, wherein the first device comprises; Among the above periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource is activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource, and A method wherein the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource includes information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

2. In paragraph 1, The above first device is a terminal that operates as a sensing node, The second device is a base station or TRP (transmission and reception point) that operates as a sensing server, The above-mentioned enabling or disabling MAC CE for the above-mentioned multi-entry periodic resource is a multi-entry configured grant enabling or disabling MAC CE, and A method in which the sensing data is transmitted to the second device based on the multi-entry set grant activation or deactivation MAC CE.

3. In paragraph 2, The first device further comprises a step of acquiring the sensing data; A method wherein the sensing data is transmitted to the second device based on the acquired sensing data and the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource.

4. In paragraph 3, The above method relates to the TRP-UE bistatic sensing mode.

5. In paragraph 3, The above method relates to a UE monostatic sensing mode or a UE-UE bistatic sensing mode.

6. In paragraph 1, The above first device is a terminal that operates as a sensing server, The second device is a base station or TRP operating as a sensing node, The above-mentioned activation or deactivation MAC CE for the above-mentioned multi-entry periodic resource is a multi-entry semi-persistent scheduling activation or deactivation MAC CE, and A method wherein the sensing data is received from the second device based on the multi-entry semi-persistent scheduling activation or deactivation MAC CE.

7. In paragraph 6, The above method relates to the UE-TRP bistatic sensing mode.

8. In paragraph 6, The above method relates to a TRP monostatic sensing mode or a TRP-TRP bistatic sensing mode.

9. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource includes information related to a sensor type associated with the sensing data.

10. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above-mentioned activation or deactivation MAC CE for the above-mentioned multi-entry periodic resource is set per sensing data pattern.

11. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above-mentioned enabling or disabling MAC CE for the above-mentioned multi-entry periodic resource is set according to the sensing data size.

12. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the activation or deactivation of the above periodic resource is performed autonomously by the first device.

13. In paragraph 12, A method wherein the activation or deactivation of the above periodic resource is performed autonomously by the first device based on acquisition of a UE autonomous activated CG confirmation MAC CE.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: Obtain information related to periodic resources; Acquire an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) CE (control element) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and To transmit or receive sensing data to or from a second device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource, Among the above periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource is activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource, and A first device, wherein the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource includes information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

15. In the processing device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: Obtain information related to periodic resources; Acquire an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) CE (control element) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and To transmit or receive sensing data to or from a second device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource, Among the above periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource is activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource, and A processing device, wherein the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource includes information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: Obtain information related to periodic resources; Acquire an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) CE (control element) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and To transmit or receive sensing data to or from a second device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource, Among the above periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource is activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource, and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource includes information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

17. In the method, A second device transmitting information related to periodic resources; The second device transmits an activation or deactivation MAC (multiple access control) CE (control element) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and A step of transmitting or receiving sensing data based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource to or from the first device, wherein the second device comprises; Among the above periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource is activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource, and A method wherein the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource includes information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

18. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: Transmit information related to periodic resources; Transmitting an enable or disable MAC (multiple access control) CE (control element) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and To transmit or receive sensing data to or from the first device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource, Among the above periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource is activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource, and A second device, wherein the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource includes information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

19. In the processing device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: Transmit information related to periodic resources; Transmitting an enable or disable MAC (multiple access control) CE (control element) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and To transmit or receive sensing data to or from the first device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource, Among the above periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource is activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource, and A processing device, wherein the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource includes information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the second device to: Transmit information related to periodic resources; Transmitting an enable or disable MAC (multiple access control) CE (control element) for a multi-entry periodic resource; and To transmit or receive sensing data to or from the first device based on the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource, Among the above periodic resources, a multi-entry periodic resource is activated or deactivated based on the activation or deactivation MAC for the multi-entry periodic resource, and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the activation or deactivation MAC CE for the multi-entry periodic resource includes information related to a sensing service or sensing session associated with the sensing data.

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