Transmission configuration indication state activation for inter-frequency neighbor cell
The method for TCI state activation in inter-frequency LTM optimizes handover processes by configuring UE with candidate TCI states and utilizing gap configurations, addressing latency and interruption issues for seamless connectivity and improved throughput.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/110943
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
Conventional handover procedures in wireless communication systems, particularly for inter-frequency LTM, suffer from latency, overhead, and service interruption due to inadequate TCI state activation delays when switching to cells in different RF spectrum bands.
A method for TCI state activation in inter-frequency LTM that involves configuring a UE with candidate TCI states for cells in different RF spectrum bands, allowing for time and frequency tracking during a processing duration, using network-controlled small gaps, need-for-gaps, or autonomous gap configurations to optimize measurement opportunities.
Facilitates faster and more efficient handovers by reducing latency and minimizing communication interruptions, enabling seamless connectivity and improved throughput during transitions to inter-frequency neighbor cells.
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Figure CN2024110943_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TRANSMISSION CONFIGURATION INDICATION STATE ACTIVATION FOR INTER-FREQUENCY NEIGHBOR CELLTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This application relates generally to wireless communication systems, including systems, apparatuses, and methods for transmission configuration indication (TCI) state activation for inter-frequency neighbor cell.BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless mobile communication technology uses various standards and protocols to transmit data between a network device (e.g., a base station, a radio head, etc. ) and a wireless communication device. Wireless communication system standards and protocols can include, for example, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) (e.g., 4G) , 3GPP new radio (NR) (e.g., 5G) , and IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless local area networks (WLAN) (commonly known to industry groups as ) .
[0003] As contemplated by the 3GPP, different wireless communication systems standards and protocols can use various radio access networks (RANs) for communicating between a network device of the RAN (which may also sometimes be referred to generally as a RAN node, a network node, or simply a node) and a wireless communication device known as a user equipment (UE) . 3GPP RANs can include, for example, global system for mobile communications (GSM) , enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE) RAN (GERAN) , Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) , Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , and / or Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) .
[0004] Each RAN may use one or more radio access technologies (RATs) to perform communication between the network device and the UE. For example, the GERAN implements GSM and / or EDGE RAT, the UTRAN implements universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) RAT or other 3GPP RAT, the E-UTRAN implements LTE RAT (sometimes simply referred to as LTE) , and NG-RAN implements NR RAT (sometimes referred to herein as 5G RAT, 5G NR RAT, or simply NR) . In certain deployments, the E-UTRAN may also implement NR RAT. In certain deployments, NG-RAN may also implement LTE RAT.
[0005] A network device used by a RAN may correspond to that RAN. One example of an E-UTRAN network device is an E-UTRAN Node B (also commonly denoted as evolved Node B, enhanced Node B, eNodeB, or eNB) . One example of an NG-RAN network device is a next generation Node B (also sometimes referred to as a g Node B or gNB) .
[0006] A RAN provides its communication services with external entities through its connection to a core network (CN) . For example, E-UTRAN may utilize an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) , while NG-RAN may utilize a 5G Core Network (5GC) .BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced.
[0008] FIG. 1 shows an example wireless communication system, according to one or more aspects described herein.
[0009] FIG. 2 shows an example communication flow, according to one or more aspects described herein.
[0010] FIGs. 3A-4B show example signaling diagrams, according to one or more aspects described herein.
[0011] FIG. 5 shows an example method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , according to one or more aspects described herein.
[0012] FIG. 6 shows another example method of wireless communication at a network device, according to one or more aspects described herein.
[0013] FIG. 7 illustrates an example architecture of a wireless communication system, according to one or more aspects described herein.
[0014] FIG. 8 illustrates an example system for performing signaling between a wireless device and a network device, according to one or more aspects described herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] Various embodiments are described with regard to a processor (e.g., baseband processor) , wireless device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) ) , or a network device. However, reference to a processor, wireless device, or network device is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any electronic component or device that may establish a wireless connection and is configured with the hardware, software, and / or firmware to exchange information and data over the wireless connection. Therefore, the processors, wireless devices, and network devices described herein are used to represent any appropriate electronic components or devices.
[0016] Handover (mobility) is a process of transferring an ongoing communication session of a user equipment (UE) from one cell (e.g., a base station or gNodeB (gNB) ) to another cell in a connected state. Handover may be performed to provide seamless connectivity and continuity of service for a UE, for example when the UE is moving. Typically, in conventional handover procedures, a serving cell change is triggered by layer 3 (L3) measurements and is performed using radio resource control (RRC) signaling to change a primary cell (PCell) and / or primary secondary cell (PSCell) . Thus, conventional handover includes the reconfiguration of upper layers (e.g., RRC and / or packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layers) and / or resetting of lower layers (e.g., media access control (MAC) layer (L2) and / or physical (PHY) layer (L1) ) . Conventional handover via L3 and RRC signaling may include undesirable latency, overhead, or service interruption time. Layer 1 (L1) / layer 2 (L2) triggered mobility (LTM) seeks to address these shortcomings with a procedure that maintains an upper level configuration and minimize changes to lower layer configurations.
[0017] In a LTM procedure, a network device (e.g., a gNB) receives one or more L1 measurement reports from a UE, and based on these reports, the network device may change a UE serving cell by a cell switch command signaled via a MAC control element (CE) . The cell switch command indicates an LTM candidate configuration that the network device previously prepared and provided to the UE through RRC signaling. Then, the UE switches to the target configuration according to the cell switch command. The LTM procedure can be used to reduce shortcomings associated with conventional handover, including improving mobility latency.
[0018] When configured by the network, it is possible using LTM to activate TCI states for a candidate (or target) cell that is different from the current serving cell for a UE. For instance, the TCI states of the LTM candidate cells can be activated in advance before any of those cells become the serving cell. This allows the UE to be downlink synchronized with those cells, thereby facilitating a faster cell switch to one of those candidate cells when a cell switch is triggered. The activated TCI states except those received in the cell switch command may be deactivated upon LTM cell switch execution.
[0019] During TCI activation, a UE may perform time and frequency fine tracking for target TCI states. After TCI activation, the UE can thus know which receive (Rx) beams-corresponding to one or more of the TCI states-that the UE is to use following handover. In the case of a UE performing LTM to a different carrier (e.g., within the same radio frequency (RF) spectrum band (for intra-frequency LTM) or in a different band (for inter-frequency LTM) ) , a UE may receive a TCI activation command, then process the TCI activation command within a MAC CE processing time. The target TCI states may each correspond to a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmitted by the network device. The SSBs may be transmitted in a group of SSBs called an SSB burst. The UE may then perform time and frequency fine tracking for the target TCI states according to a TCI activation delay, at measurement occasions for the target TCI states associated with a next SSB burst.
[0020] While the above-described approach for TCI activation delay when performing LTM may suffice for intra-frequency LTM, the approach to TCI activation delay may be inadequate in the case of inter-frequency LTM. Inter-frequency LTM includes the case of a target call, and thus target TCI states activated by the TCI activation command, being in a different carrier than the current carrier. Stated differently, the target cell may be on a different RF spectrum band than the current serving cell of the UE. For the inter-frequency case, the UE may need to be provided with an opportunity to measure the other carrier (e.g., a measurement gap) for inter-frequency candidate cell identification, L1 / L3 measurements, beam training, time and frequency tracking, and so on.
[0021] Systems, apparatuses, and methods for TCI state activation for inter-frequency neighbor cells are further described herein. One or more embodiments may be performed at a UE (e.g., at a baseband processor of a UE) . In some embodiments, the UE may receive, via a serving cell in a first RF spectrum band, a configuration message that indicates a set of candidate TCI states corresponding to respective cells of a set of candidate cells for an LTM procedure. The set of candidate cells may include a candidate cell in a second RF spectrum band. As used herein, different RF spectrum bands (e.g., a first RF spectrum band and a second RF spectrum band) may refer to different frequency ranges (FRs) , carriers, cells, bands, or band combinations. The UE may receive a control message indicating to switch to the candidate cell. The control message may also comprise an indication of a TCI state for the candidate cell. In response to the control message, the UE may determine time and frequency tracking information for the candidate cell. The control message may be associated with a processing duration for the control message (e.g., a maximum time that the UE may use to process the received control message, such as an RRC processing time) . The time and frequency tracking information may be based on a measurement of SSBs received from the candidate cell during a next measurement opportunity following the processing duration. In some examples, the next measurement opportunity corresponds to a next measurement length according to a network controlled small gap (NCSG) configuration for the first RF spectrum band. In other examples, the next measurement opportunity corresponds to a next SSB occasion following the control message according to a need for gaps (NFG) configuration for the first RF spectrum band. In still other examples, the next measurement opportunity corresponds to the next SSB occasion following the control message according to an autonomous gap configuration for the first RF spectrum band. In some examples, there may be a combined configuration, including one or more aspects of two or more of the NCSG configuration, NFG configuration, or autonomous gap configuration.
[0022] One or more embodiments may be performed at a network device, such as a base station (e.g., gNB) . In some examples, the network device may receive, from a UE, signaling that indicates a capability (e.g., UE capability signaling) to support TCI state activation for candidate cells in a LTM procedure between different RF spectrum bands. The capability may be associated with a NCSG configuration, an NFG configuration, or an autonomous gap configuration. In response to the UE capability signaling, the network may transmit to the UE a configuration message that indicates a set of candidate TCI states corresponding to respective cells of a set of candidate cells for the LTM procedure. The network device may transmit the configuration message to the UE on a serving cell in a first RF spectrum band. The set of candidate cells indicated by the configuration message may include at least a candidate cell in a second RF spectrum band. The network device may then transmit a control message indicating for the UE to switch to the candidate cell. The control message may indicate a TCI state for the candidate cell. In response, the UE may then transmit, and the network device receive, a complete message indicating that the UE has switched to the candidate cell indicated by the configuration message.
[0023] FIG. 1 shows an example wireless communications system 100, according to one or more aspects described herein. In one or more embodiments, wireless communications system 100 supports one or more aspects of transmission configuration indication state activation for inter-frequency neighbor cell, as further described herein.
[0024] Wireless communications system 100 includes one or more UE 102 that may be served by (e.g., have an established RRC connection with) a network device 104 via communication link 134. Coverage area 110 is the service area for the radio frequency (RF) spectrum band utilized by network device 104 serving the UE 102 (e.g., a cell or serving cell, which may include multiple cells) . Although shown as a mobile device or smartphone, UE 102 can comprise any mobile or non-mobile computing device configured for wireless communication in a wireless communications system, such as a tablet, laptop, wearable (e.g., smartwatch) , or an extended reality (XR) device (e.g., virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) device) . In some cases, UE 102 may be a system of components operating together as a UE 102.
[0025] The UE 102 may have multiple RF chains, including at least a first RF chain (RF1 106) and a second RF chain (RF2 108) , and be capable of communicating using at least two of these RF chains at a same time. In some examples, an RF chain (e.g., one or both of RF1 or RF2) includes those components that facilitate communications by a UE 102 in multiple different RF spectrum bands. The components of an RF chain may include amplifiers, filters, mixers, attenuators, and so on, including components that control such components. In some examples one or more of such components may be shared between RF chains. For example, a single wideband amplifier may be used to transmit in a first RF spectrum band for RF1 and a second RF spectrum band for RF2. Such amplifiers may be tunable to amplify over different frequencies or sets of frequencies (e.g., tunable between on or both of RF1 or RF2) .
[0026] As the UE 102 moves relative to coverage area 110 of the network device 104, the UE 102 may measure the reference signals 128 transmitted by network devices. In some examples, and as further described herein, network devices including network device 104 may transmit reference signals 128 that can be monitored for (e.g., listened for) , received by, and measured by UE 102 for purposes of acquiring time and frequency tracking information. Such time and frequency tracking information may include time tracking for a timing advance relative to a network device (e.g., based on a distance, and corresponding propagation delay, between the UE 102 and the network device 104) . Such time and frequency tracking information may also include frequency tracking, including determining a phase offset for signals transmitted from the network device 104 to the UE 102. Such time and frequency tracking information may more specifically be fine time and frequency tracking for a TCI state. A UE 102 may determine fine time and frequency tracking information for each different TCI state, including one or more TCI states for a serving cell (or multiple serving cells, if applicable) and for candidate TCI states during a LTM procedure, as further described herein.
[0027] In some examples, reference signals 128 are SSBs, which may be transmitted in groups or sets, which may be referred to as SSB bursts. In other examples, other reference signal types may be transmitted by network device 104 and measured by UE 102 for purposes of acquiring time and frequency tracking information, such as channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) , tracking reference signals (TRS) , or demodulation reference signals (DMRS) , or a combination of reference signal types. In some embodiments, the reference signals include SSBs of SSB bursts, such as a first set of SSB bursts having a first period 132, and including at least an SSB burst 112, an SSB burst 114, an SSB burst 116, and an SSB burst 118. In some examples, the SSB burst 112 may be aligned with a first system frame number (SFN) that is SFN #0, the SSB burst 114 with SFN #2, the SSB burst 116 with SFN #4, and the SSB burst 118 with SFN #6. Each SSB burst may include a set of SSBs transmitted in a set of beams 130.
[0028] The network device 104 may also serve UEs within the coverage area 110 using a set of beams 130. The network device 104 may transmit one or more SSBs for each beam of the set of beams, for example so that the network device 104 can manage communication resources in the coverage area 110. These SSBs may be transmitted in a SSB burst, but it may not be necessary or desired for the network device 104 to transmit every SSB of an SSB burst. As such, the network device 104 may transmit, and the UE 102 receive, an SSB burst configuration message that indicates a set of SSBs to be transmitted by a serving cell. For example, the SSB burst configuration message may be common configuration signaling for the serving cell (e.g., ServingCellConfigCommon) , which may be radio resource control (RRC) signaling, that includes a bitmap to indicate SSBs to be transmitted in an information element (e.g., ssb-PositionsInBurst) . For example, a bitmap “11110000” may indicate that the network device 104 is to transmit the first four SSBs (SSB0, SSB1, SSB2, SSB3) of eight possible SSBs of the SSB burst, such as SSB burst 114.
[0029] A network device 104 may configure a UE 102 with a TCI state (or more than one TCI state) for the UE 102 to use to communicate with the network device 104. In some examples, the TCI state (s) may be associated with communications with a serving cell of the network device 104. The serving cell may be within a first RF spectrum band. A TCI state may indicate a quasi-colocation (QCL) relationship between reference signals (e.g., SSBs) . Each TCI state may be associated with a set of beamforming and antenna parameters used by the network device 104, and the UE 102 may use the TCI state information together with the QCL relationship and measurements of associated reference signals to determine information about the channel state. The network device 104 may configure the UE 102 with a set of TCI state configurations. The network device 104 may then activate and / or deactivate subsets of TCI states for the UE 102 using control signaling (e.g., a MAC CE) . As further discussed herein, a UE 102 may switch to a neighbor cell, and a TCI state associated with he neighbor cell may be activated for the UE 102 before the UE 102 switches to the neighbor cell (e.g., according to an LTM procedure) . During this TCI activation, the UE 102 can perform time and frequency fine tracking for the TCI state of the target cell, which is the neighbor to which the UE 102 is to switch. Based on the TCI state that is activated, the UE 102 may determine a receive beam for the UE 102 to use to communicate with the target cell.
[0030] At some time prior to the TCI activation, for example with the UE 102 first establishes an RRC connection with the network device 104, the UE 102 may provide UE capability signaling 120 to the network device 104 indicating a capability of the UE 102 for TCI state activation. In particular, the UE capability signaling 120 may indicate a capability of the UE 102 to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of an LTM procedure between different RF spectrum bands. In some examples, the capability may be based on or for an NCSG configuration. In other examples, the capability may be based on or for an NFG configuration. In still other examples, the capability may be based on or for an autonomous gap configuration.
[0031] The UE 102 may communicate with the network device 104 via a serving cell (e.g., a source serving cell in a cell switch procedure) , and the UE 102 may use a receive beam according to a configured TCI state for the serving cell. In some cases, for example as part of a cell switch, the UE 102 may receive a configuration message 122 from the network device 104 that indicates a set of candidate TCI states corresponding to a set of candidate cells. Each TCI state of the set of candidate TCI states may correspond to respective cells of the set of candidate cells. One or more of the candidate cells of the set of candidate cells (e.g., the target cell) may be in an RF spectrum band different from the source cell (e.g., the currently serving cell) . The candidate TCI states indicated by the configuration message 122 may be used during an LTM procedure. The UE 102 may determine time and / or frequency tracking information using the candidate TCI states prior to completing performance of the cell switch to the target cell, which may be one of the candidate cells (e.g., having one of the candidate TCI states configured) .
[0032] The UE 102 may receive a control message 124 (e.g., a cell switch command of the LTM procedure) indicating for the UE 102 to perform the cell switch to one of the candidate cells (e.g., the candidate cell that is the target cell) . The control message 124 may further include an indication of the TCI state (e.g., of the set of candidate TCI states) for the candidate cell.
[0033] The UE 102 may then perform time and frequency tracking for the candidate cell to determine time and frequency tracking information for the candidate cell. As further described herein, the UE 102 may perform the measurement of an SSB (or SSBs) received from the candidate cell. The measurement may be performed during a next measurement opportunity following a processing duration for the control message 124. In some examples, the processing duration may be a MAC CE processing duration. The time to the next measurement opportunity may be a time to a first SSB following the completion of the processing duration. In some examples, the next measurement opportunity may correspond to a next measurement length according to a NCSG configuration (e.g., for the first RF spectrum band) . In some examples, the next measurement opportunity may correspond to a next SSB occasion according to a NFG configuration (e.g., for the first RF spectrum band) . In yet other examples, the next measurement opportunity may correspond to a next SSB occasion following the control message according to an autonomous gap configuration (e.g., for the first RF spectrum band) . In still other examples, the next measurement opportunity may be selected from a measurement opportunity for configured according to one or more of a NCSG configuration, an NFG configuration, or an autonomous gap configuration.
[0034] The UE 102 may receive a random access channel (RACH) command followed by a cell switch command, which the UE 102 processes (e.g., within a processing time) . In some examples, the RACH command and / or the cell switch command may be received during the time that the UE 102 is performing fine time and frequency tracking. The UE 102 may then transmit, to the network device 104, a complete message 126 for the candidate cell switch according to the LTM procedure.
[0035] FIG. 2 shows an example communication flow 200, according to one or more aspects described herein. In one or more embodiments, communication flow 200 supports one or more aspects of transmission configuration indication state activation for inter-frequency neighbor cell, as further described herein.
[0036] A UE 102 may be connected (e.g., RRC connected mode) with a network device 104. The UE 102 may be configured to communicate with the network device 104 via a first RF spectrum band, for example using a first RF chain (RF1 106) of the UE 102.
[0037] In some cases, for example as part of an RRC connection procedure, the UE 102 may provide UE capability signaling 202 to the network device 104. The UE capability signaling may be signaling that indicates a capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of an LTM procedure between different RF spectrum bands. The capability may be based on one or more of a NCSG configuration, an NFG configuration, or an autonomous gap configuration. In some examples, the capability signaling may indicate a capability of the UE to support fine time and frequency tracking for candidate cells during an LTM procedure according using or based on a NCSG configuration. In some examples, the capability signaling may indicate a capability of the UE to support fine time and frequency tracking for candidate cells during an LTM procedure using or based on an NFG configuration. In some examples, the capability signaling may indicate a capability of the UE to support fine time and frequency tracking for candidate cells during an LTM procedure using or based on an autonomous measurement gap configuration.
[0038] In some cases, the UE capability signaling 202 may indicate a first capability and a second capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different RF spectrum bands. In some examples, the first capability and the second capability are with reference to (e.g., specific to) one or more of a first frequency range and a second frequency range, a first band combination and a second band combination, or a first band and a second band. An example of different frequency ranges is FR1 and FR2. An example of different band combinations includes different sets or pairs of bands, one of which may be the same between the different band combinations. An example of different bands (e.g., different RF spectrum bands) includes different carriers or different subcarriers.
[0039] The UE 102 may provide (transmit) to the network device 104 a measurement report 204, which may be a layer 3 measurement report (e.g., MeasurementReport message) in some examples. The network device 104 decides to configure LTM and initiates LTM preparation for an LTM procedure.
[0040] The network device 104 may then transmit a candidate configuration message 208 (e.g., an RRCReconfiguration message) to the UE 102 that indicates a set of candidate TCI states corresponding to respective cells of a set of candidate cells for the LTM procedure. The set of candidate cells may include a candidate cell in a second RF spectrum band.
[0041] The UE 102 may perform fine beam training 212 after receiving (e.g., in response to receiving) the candidate configuration message 208. The fine beam training 212 may be based on reference signals 210 (e.g., SSBs or CSI-RS signals) .
[0042] At least in part based on the fine beam training, the UE 102 may transmit a measurement report, for example an L1 measurement report 214, to the network device 104. The L1 measurement report may include measurements on the configured LTM candidate cells, for example indicated by candidate configuration message 208. The UE 102 may perform the L1 measurements as long as the RRC reconfiguration (e.g., the LTM candidate configuration indicated by the candidate configuration message 208) is applicable.
[0043] At 216, the network device 104 may make a decision about the LTM candidate cells for the UE 102 based at least in part on the measurement report 214 provided by the UE 102. The selected candidate cell may have a corresponding TCI state. As such the selected candidate cell may be the target candidate cell (e.g., the target of the LTM procedure) , and the corresponding TCI state the target TCI state.
[0044] In response to the LTM decision at 216, the network device 104 may transmit, to the UE 102, a control message 218 indicating for the UE to switch to the candidate cell, the control message 218 indicating the TCI state for the candidate cell. The TCI state indicated by the control message 218 may be the target TCI state that is activated in response to the control message 218. In some examples, the control message 218 may be a MAC CE. The MAC CE may include a bitmap indicating, from among a set of configured candidate TCI states, the target TCI state to be activated.
[0045] In response to the control message 218, at 222, the UE 102 may start time and frequency tracking (which may be referred to as fine time and frequency tracking) of the target TCI state. As further discussed herein, the UE 102 may process the received control message 218 during a processing duration (which may also be referred to as a processing time, or processing window) , such as a MAC CE processing time. The UE 102 may then start time and frequency tracking of the target TCI state at a next measurement opportunity. The UE 102 may receive and measure one or more SSBs 220 in connection with the fire time and frequency tracking. In some examples, the time to the measurement opportunity may include the processing time and an additional time to the next (first) SSB, which may be designated at Tfirst-SSB.
[0046] The next measurement opportunity may depend on a configuration of the UE, for example whether there is a NCSG, NFG, or autonomous gap configuration, or a combination of configurations indicating multiple different measurement opportunities. In some examples, the next measurement opportunity is a next measurement length according to a NCSG configuration for the first radio frequency spectrum band. In some examples, the next measurement opportunity is a next SSB occasion following the control message according to a NFG configuration for the first radio frequency spectrum band. In yet other examples, the next measurement opportunity is the next SSB occasion following the control message according to an autonomous gap configuration for the first radio frequency spectrum band.
[0047] At 224, the TCI activation is complete. In some examples, the TCI activation is complete following a processing time (which may be referred to as a processing duration) for the SSB. In some examples, the processing time for the fine time and frequency tracking may include the processing time for the next (first) SSB that following reception of such SSB, and the processing duration may be designated at TSSB-proc.
[0048] Following or in parallel with the TCI activation, the UE 102 may detach from the source serving cell, and apply configurations associated the target cell. The UE may then perform a random access channel (RACH) procedure with the target serving cell, which may include receiving a RACH command 226. The UE 102 may also receive a cell switch command 228 and proceed to communicate with the new serving cell (formerly the target candidate cell) at 230. In some examples, as a result of performing the fine time and frequency training (e.g., starting at 222) as part of the LTM procedure, the UE 102 may more quickly switch to communicating with the new serving cell (the target candidate cell) , allowing for a more efficient LTM procedure. A more efficient LTM procedure may include improved (or maintained) communication throughput, lower latency, and / or fewer communication interruptions during or as a result of handover between serving cells.
[0049] FIG. 3A shows an example signaling diagram 301, according to one or more aspects described herein. The signaling diagram 301 generally illustrates an example where the UE 102 is configured to according to a NCSG configuration, with a gap, and uses a set of measurement lengths. In some examples, the “gap” may refer to an SSB occasion that occurs following a TCI activation command (e.g., a control message indicating to activate a candidate TCI state for a candidate cell) that occurs and which the UE 102 does not measure, for example due to a lack of a configured measurement occasion corresponding to the SSB. In one or more examples, a definition of Tfirst-SSB may be the first measurement length occasion after a TCI activation processing time (e.g., ) that fully contains an SSB from the target cell (e.g., the target candidate cell associated with a target TCI state) .
[0050] In one or more embodiments, signaling diagram 301 supports one or more aspects of transmission configuration indication state activation for inter-frequency neighbor cell, as further described herein. In some examples, the signaling diagram 301 illustrates aspects of the wireless communications system 100, including the control message 124 for candidate cell switch and / or the reference signals 128, and / or aspects of the communication flow 200, including a UE 102 receiving a control message 218 activating a target TCI state, receiving one or more SSBs 220, performing time and frequency tracking for the target TCI state at 222, and completing TCI activation at 224.
[0051] A UE 102 may include multiple RF chains, including at least RF1 310 and RF2 320, and be configured to communicate with a network device 104 in a serving cell using the RF1 310 on a first RF spectrum band. The UE 102 may include one or more additional RF chains (e.g., RF2 320) that may be used to measure reference signals (e.g., SSBs) of neighbor serving cells, including serving cells that are candidate serving cells of a handover procedure, such as an LTM procedure. The candidate serving cells may be in a second RF spectrum band, and the UE 102 may use the RF2 320 to measure the reference signals (e.g., SSBs) in the second RF spectrum band. The UE 102 may have a measurement configuration from the network device 104 that indicates measurement occasions associated with the SSBs that the network device 104 transmits in a second RF spectrum band or bands, such as the set of SSBs having the periodicity 318 that include the SSB 312, the SSB 314, and the SSB 316.
[0052] The UE 102 may be configured to according to a NCSG configuration that uses a set of measurement lengths, including at least a measurement length 322 and a measurement length 328. The NCSG configuration may include at least some of the set of measurement lengths that aligned with one or more SSBs of a set of SSBs transmitted in a neighbor cell, for example SSBs transmitted in the target serving cell, which may be associated with the RF2 320. In the example shown with reference to signaling diagram 301, the measurement length 322 corresponds to (e.g., is aligned in time with) the SSB 312, and the measurement length 328 corresponds to (e.g., is aligned in time with) the SSB 316.
[0053] A set of visible length (VIL) durations are associated with each measurement length according to the NCSG configuration. The VIL durations may be used by the UE 102 to switch between operation of RF chains, turn on or off one or more of the RF chains, or otherwise configure the RF2 chain 320 to be on for measurement of SSBs (e.g., the SSB 312 or the SSB 316) first VIL duration 324 and a second VIL duration 326 are associated with the measurement length 322, and a first VIL duration 330 and a second VIL duration 332 are associated with the measurement length 322. The UE 102 may switch on the RF2 chain 320 during a first VIL duration (e.g., the first VIL duration 324 and the first VIL duration 330) , receive an SSB via the RF2 chain 320, then turn off the RF2 chain 320 during a second VIL duration (e.g., the second VIL duration 326 and the second VIL duration 332) .
[0054] The UE 102 may receive a control message 340 indicating for the UE 102 to switch to a TCI state for the candidate cell. The control message 340 may include an indication of the TCI state for the candidate cell. The UE 102 may prepare to use the RF2 320 to measure one or more SSBs on the second RF spectrum band associated with the candidate cell (e.g., a carrier or band for the candidate cell) . Based at least in part on being configured with the NCSG configuration, the UE 102 may determine a next measurement length (e.g., of the NCSG configuration) that fully contains an SSB from the candidate cell (e.g., the target cell of the handover) . According to the example depicted by the signaling diagram 301, the next measurement length is the measurement length 328.
[0055] In one or more embodiments, the next measurement length may be determined following a processing duration 342 for the control message 340. For example, where the control message 340 is a MAC CE, the processing duration 342 may be a MAC CE processing duration for MAC CEs. As such, the duration 344 may follow the processing duration 342 following reception of the control message 340 until the next measurement length.
[0056] In advance of the next measurement length, the measurement length 328 the UE 102 may turn on 346 the RF2 chain 320 so that the RF2 chain 320 is on for the measurement length 328 from time 334 to time 350. Fine time and frequency tracking may occur at the UE 102 starting from time 334, based on the SSB 316 that is received. The SSB 316 may be processed during an SSB processing duration 352, which may also be referred to as an SSB processing time (e.g., TSSB-proc) . The UE 102 may turn off 348 the RF2 chain 320 during a second VIL duration 332 for the measurement length 328 so that the RF2 chain 320 is off following the measurement length 328.
[0057] At time 354, for example following the SSB processing duration 352, the TCI activation may be complete. The time 354 may be an example of TCI activation complete 224.
[0058] FIG. 3B shows an example signaling diagram 302, according to one or more aspects described herein. The signaling diagram 302 generally illustrates an example where the UE 102 is configured to according to a NCSG configuration, without a gap, and uses a measurement at a next SSB (which may also be referred to as an SSB occasion) . In some examples, the “gap” may refer to an SSB occasion that occurs following a TCI activation command (e.g., a control message indicating to activate a candidate TCI state for a candidate cell) that occurs and which the UE 102 does not measure, for example due to a lack of a configured measurement occasion corresponding to the SSB. As such, “without a gap” may refer to measuring a next SSB regardless of whether there is a configured measurement occasion. In one or more examples, a definition of Tfirst-SSB may be the first SSB occasion after a TCI activation processing time (e.g., ) , for example regardless of whether the first SSB from the target cell (e.g., the target candidate cell associated with a target TCI state) is fully contained by a measurement length of a NCSG configuration.
[0059] In one or more embodiments, signaling diagram 302 supports one or more aspects of transmission configuration indication state activation for inter-frequency neighbor cell, as further described herein. In some examples, the signaling diagram 302 illustrates aspects of the wireless communications system 100, including the control message 124 for candidate cell switch and / or the reference signals 128, and / or aspects of the communication flow 200, including a UE 102 receiving a control message 218 activating a target TCI state, receiving one or more SSBs 220, performing time and frequency tracking for the target TCI state at 222, and completing TCI activation at 224. The description of aspects of signaling diagram 302 that are duplicative of signaling diagram 301 are omitted for clarity, but differences are noted here. Other differences may also apply between signaling diagram 301 and signaling diagram 302 that are not specifically identified.
[0060] The UE 102 may receive a control message 340 indicating for the UE 102 to switch to a TCI state for the candidate cell. The control message 340 may include an indication of the TCI state for the candidate cell. The UE 102 may prepare to use the RF2 320 to measure a one or more SSBs on the second RF spectrum band associated with the candidate cell (e.g., a carrier or band for the candidate cell) . Based at least in part on being configured with the NCSG configuration, the UE 102 may determine a next SSB occasion after the processing duration 342 for the control message 340. According to the example depicted by the signaling diagram 302, the next SSB is the SSB 314 (e.g., and not the SSB 316 that corresponds to the measurement length 328 in signaling diagram 301) .
[0061] In one or more embodiments, the next SSB may be determined following the processing duration 342 for the control message 340. As such, the duration 360 may follow the processing duration 342 following reception of the control message 340 until the SSB 314.
[0062] In advance of the next SSB 314, the UE 102 may turn on 346 the RF2 chain 320 during a first VIL 362 for the measurement length 364 so that the RF2 chain 320 is on for the measurement length 364 from time 370 to time 372. Fine time and frequency tracking may occur at the UE 102 starting from time 370, based on the SSB 314 that is received and measured. The SSB 314 may be processed during an SSB processing duration 374, which may also be referred to as an SSB processing time (e.g., TSSB-proc) . The UE 102 may turn off 348 the RF2 chain 320 during a second VIL 366 for the measurement length 364 so that the RF2 chain 320 is off following the measurement length 364.
[0063] At time 376, for example following the SSB processing duration 374, the TCI activation may be complete. The time 376 may be an example of TCI activation complete 224.
[0064] FIG. 4A shows an example signaling diagram 401, according to one or more aspects described herein. The signaling diagram 401 generally illustrates an example where a definition of Tfirst-SSB remains as a first SSB occasion after a TCI activation processing time according to a NFG configuration, and uses interruption times. In some examples, the UE 102 is allowed to cause an interruption (e.g., a one-shot additional interruption) for the fine time and frequency tracking by using an autonomous gap in addition to an interruption caused by measurements based on a NFG configuration (e.g., an L3 measurement with NFG) . The location of the interruption (e.g., the additional interruption) may be the first SSB occasion after the TCI activation processing time (e.g., ) . The length of the interruption may be an SSB duration (e.g., four orthogonal frequency domain multiplexed (OFDM) symbols) , plus twice an RF switching time (e.g., 0.5 ms in FR1, or 0.25 ms in FR2) .
[0065] In one or more embodiments, signaling diagram 401 supports one or more aspects of transmission configuration indication state activation for inter-frequency neighbor cell, as further described herein. In some examples, the signaling diagram 401 illustrates aspects of the wireless communications system 100, including the control message 124 for candidate cell switch and / or the reference signals 128, and / or aspects of the communication flow 200, including a UE 102 receiving a control message 218 activating a target TCI state, receiving one or more SSBs 220, performing time and frequency tracking for the target TCI state at 222, and completing TCI activation at 224. The description of aspects of signaling diagram 401 that are duplicative of signaling diagram 301 and / or signaling diagram 302 are omitted for clarity, but differences are noted here. Other differences may also apply between signaling diagram 301 and / or signaling diagram 302, and signaling diagram 401 that are not specifically identified.
[0066] The UE 102 may receive a control message 340 indicating for the UE 102 to switch to a TCI state for the candidate cell. The control message 340 may include an indication of the TCI state for the candidate cell. The UE 102 may prepare to use the RF2 320 to measure a one or more SSBs on the second RF spectrum band associated with the candidate cell (e.g., a carrier or band for the candidate cell) . Based at least in part on being configured with the NFG configuration, the UE 102 may determine a next SSB occasion after the processing duration 342 for the control message 340. According to the example depicted by the signaling diagram 401, the next SSB is the SSB 314 (e.g., and not the SSB 316) .
[0067] In one or more embodiments, the next SSB may be determined following the processing duration 342 for the control message 340. As such, the duration 410 may follow the processing duration 342 following reception of the control message 340 until the SSB 314.
[0068] In advance of the next SSB 314, the UE 102 may turn on 414 the RF2 chain 320 during a first interruption duration 412 so that the RF2 chain 320 is on from time 416 to time 426. Fine time and frequency tracking may occur at the UE 102 starting from time 416, based on the SSB 314 that is received and measured. The SSB 314 may be processed during an SSB processing duration 430, which may also be referred to as an SSB processing time (e.g., TSSB-proc) . The UE 102 may turn off 424 the RF2 chain 320 during a second interruption duration 422 so that the RF2 chain 320 is off following the measurement length 364.
[0069] At time 432, for example following the SSB processing duration 430, the TCI activation may be complete. The time 432 may be an example of TCI activation complete 224.
[0070] FIG. 4B shows an example signaling diagram 402, according to one or more aspects described herein. The signaling diagram 402 generally illustrates an example where a definition of Tfirst-SSB remains as a first SSB occasion after a TCI activation processing time according to an autonomous gap configuration, and uses an autonomous measurement gap (e.g., a one-shot measurement gap or occasion) . In some examples, the UE 102 is allowed to use a cause an interruption (e.g., a one-shot additional interruption) for the fine time and frequency tracking by using an autonomous gap. The location of the interruption for the autonomous measurement may be the first SSB occasion after the TCI activation processing time (e.g., ) . The length of the interruption may be an SSB duration (e.g., four orthogonal frequency domain multiplexed (OFDM) symbols) , plus twice an RF switching time (e.g., 0.5 ms in FR1, or 0.25 ms in FR2) .
[0071] In one or more embodiments, signaling diagram 402 supports one or more aspects of transmission configuration indication state activation for inter-frequency neighbor cell, as further described herein. In some examples, the signaling diagram 402 illustrates aspects of the wireless communications system 100, including the control message 124 for candidate cell switch and / or the reference signals 128, and / or aspects of the communication flow 200, including a UE 102 receiving a control message 218 activating a target TCI state, receiving one or more SSBs 220, performing time and frequency tracking for the target TCI state at 222, and completing TCI activation at 224. The description of aspects of signaling diagram 402 that are duplicative of signaling diagram 301, signaling diagram 302, and / or signaling diagram 401 are omitted for clarity, but differences are noted here. Other differences may also apply between signaling diagram 301, signaling diagram 302, and / or signaling diagram 401, and signaling diagram 402 that are not specifically identified.
[0072] The UE 102 may be configured with a set of measurement gaps, including measurement gap 460 and measurement gap 464, for example according to a measure gap configuration (e.g., a gap-based measurement configuration) . The UE 102 may receive a control message 340 indicating for the UE 102 to switch to a TCI state for the candidate cell. The control message 340 may include an indication of the TCI state for the candidate cell. The UE 102 may prepare to use the RF2 320 to measure a one or more SSBs on the second RF spectrum band associated with the candidate cell (e.g., a carrier or band for the candidate cell) . Based at least in part on being configured with autonomous gap configuration, the UE 102 may determine a next SSB occasion after the processing duration 342 for the control message 340. According to the example depicted by the signaling diagram 402, the next SSB is the SSB 314 (e.g., and not the SSB 316 associated with a next measurement gap, which is the measurement gap 464) .
[0073] In one or more embodiments, the next SSB may be determined following the processing duration 342 for the control message 340. As such, the duration 444 may follow the processing duration 342 following reception of the control message 340 until the SSB 314.
[0074] For the next SSB 314, the UE 102 may tune 466 from a first RF frequency band 470 to a second RF frequency band 480 to measure the SSB 314, then tune back (retune) from the second RF frequency band 480 to the first RF frequency band 470 following the measurements. Because the measurement gap is an autonomous measurement gap, the UE 102 may be allowed by the network (e.g., and known to the network device 104) to measure the SSB 314, but a precise timing may not be specified by the network device 104. Fine time and frequency tracking may occur at the UE 102 based on the SSB 314 that is received and measured. The SSB 314 may be processed during an SSB processing duration 452 after time 450, which may also be referred to as an SSB processing time (e.g., TSSB-proc) .
[0075] At time 454, for example following the SSB processing duration 452, the TCI activation may be complete. The SSB processing duration 452 may be an example of TCI activation complete 224.
[0076] FIG. 5 shows an example method 500 of wireless communication by a UE, according to one or more aspects described herein. In some cases, the UE may be the wireless device 802 or UE 102. In some cases, the method 500 may be performed by a baseband processor of the UE. In some embodiments, the baseband processor may include one or more processor cores, and memory that is coupled to the processor core (s) . The memory may store instructions that, when executed by the processor core (s) , causes the baseband processor to perform the operations of the method 500. As the baseband processor performs the operations of the method 500, the baseband processor may also cause other components of the UE to perform, or discontinue, various operations.
[0077] At 502, the method 500 includes receiving a configuration message with a set of candidate TCI states. In some embodiments, the method 500 includes receiving, via a serving cell in a first radio frequency spectrum band, a configuration message that indicates a set of candidate TCI states corresponding to respective cells of a set of candidate cells for a LTM procedure, the set of candidate cells including a candidate cell in a second radio frequency spectrum band.
[0078] At 504, the method 500 includes receiving a control message (e.g., a TCI state activation message) indicating a TCI state for a candidate cell switch. In some embodiments, the method 500 includes receiving a control message indicating to switch to the candidate cell and comprising an indication of a TCI state for the candidate cell.
[0079] At 506, the method 500 includes performing time and frequency tracking for the candidate cell. In some embodiments, the method 500 includes determining, responsive to the control message, time and frequency tracking information for the candidate cell based at least in part on a measurement of an SSB received from the candidate cell during a next measurement opportunity following a processing duration for the control message. In some embodiments, the next measurement opportunity corresponds to a next measurement length according to a NCSG configuration for the first radio frequency spectrum band. In some embodiments, the next measurement opportunity corresponds to a next SSB occasion following the control message according to a NFG configuration for the first radio frequency spectrum band. In some embodiments, the next SSB occasion following the control message according to an autonomous gap configuration for the first radio frequency spectrum band.
[0080] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes, where the next measurement opportunity corresponds to the next measurement length according to the NCSG configuration, controlling a receive chain to turn on during a first visible interruption length duration to perform the measurement of the SSB during the next measurement length. The method may further include controlling the receive chain to turn off during a second visible interruption length duration that follows the next measurement length.
[0081] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes, where the next measurement opportunity corresponds to the next SSB occasion according to the NFG configuration, controlling a receive chain to turn on during a first interruption duration to perform the measurement of the SSB during the next SSB occasion. The method may further include controlling the receive chain to turn off during a second interruption duration that follows the next SSB occasion.
[0082] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes transmitting or receiving via the serving cell in the first radio frequency spectrum band while receiving the SSB from the candidate cell in the second radio frequency spectrum band.
[0083] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes, where the next measurement opportunity corresponds to the next SSB occasion according to the autonomous gap configuration, controlling a receive chain to tune from the first radio frequency spectrum band to the second radio frequency spectrum band to perform the measurement of the SSB during the next SSB occasion. The method may further include controlling the receive chain to retune to the first radio frequency spectrum band from the second radio frequency spectrum band following the next SSB occasion.
[0084] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes transmitting signaling that indicates a capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on the NCSG configuration, the control message received at least partly in response to the capability.
[0085] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes transmitting signaling that indicates a capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on a NFG configuration, the control message received at least partly in response to the capability.
[0086] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes transmitting signaling that indicates a capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on the autonomous gap configuration, the control message received at least partly in response to the capability.
[0087] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes transmitting signaling that indicates a first capability and a second capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands. In some embodiment, the first capability and the second capability are with reference to a first frequency range and a second frequency range, respectively, and the control message is received at least partly in response to the first capability and the second capability.
[0088] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes transmitting signaling that indicates a first capability and a second capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands. In some embodiment, the first capability and the second capability are with reference to a first band combination and a second band combination, respectively, where the control message is received at least partly in response to the first capability and the second capability.
[0089] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes transmitting signaling that indicates a first capability and a second capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands. In some embodiment, the first capability and the second capability are with reference to a first band and a second band, respectively, where the control message is received at least partly in response to the first capability and the second capability.
[0090] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes transmitting, responsive at least in part to the configuration message that indicates the set of candidate TCI states, a measurement report based at least in part on performing, in the second radio frequency spectrum band, layer 1 measurements of one or more SSBs associated with the candidate cell.
[0091] In some embodiments, the configuration message includes an RRC reconfiguration message, and the control message includes a MAC CE, or both.
[0092] The method 500 may be variously embodied, extended, or adapted, as described in the following paragraphs and elsewhere in this description.
[0093] FIG. 6 shows an example method 600 of wireless communication by a network device, according to one or more aspects described herein. In one or more embodiments, method 600 supports one or more aspects of transmission configuration indication state activation for inter-frequency neighbor cell, as further described herein. In some cases, the network device may be the network device 104, network device 820, or one of the other network devices described herein. The method 600 may be performed using a processor, a transceiver, or other components of the network device.
[0094] At 602, the method 600 includes receiving UE capability signaling for TCI state activation between RF spectrum bands. In some embodiments, the method 600 includes receiving, from a UE, signaling that indicates a capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells for a LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on one or more of a NCSG configuration, a NFG configuration, or an autonomous gap configuration. In some embodiments, the capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells for the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on a NCSG configuration. In some embodiments, the capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells for the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on a NFG configuration. In some embodiments, the capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells for the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on an autonomous gap configuration.
[0095] At 604, the method 600 includes transmitting a configuration message with a set of candidate TCI states. In some embodiments, the method 600 includes transmitting, to the UE responsive to the capability and via a serving cell in a first radio frequency spectrum band, a configuration message that indicates a set of candidate TCI states corresponding to respective cells of a set of candidate cells for the LTM procedure, the set of candidate cells including a candidate cell in a second radio frequency spectrum band.
[0096] At 606, the method 600 includes transmitting a control message (e.g., a TCI state activation message) indicating a TCI state for a candidate cell switch. In some embodiments, the method 600 includes transmitting, to the UE, a control message indicating for the UE to switch to the candidate cell, the control message indicating a TCI state for the candidate cell.
[0097] At 608, the method 600 includes receiving a complete message. In some embodiments, the method 600 includes receiving, from the UE and at least in part in response to the control message, a complete message indicating that the UE has switched to the candidate cell.
[0098] In some embodiments, the capability to support the TCI state activation for the candidate cells for LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands indicates the capability to perform TCI state activation using the NCSG configuration. In some embodiments, the capability to support the TCI state activation for the candidate cells for LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands indicates the capability to perform TCI state activation using the NFG configuration. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes transmitting to the UE or receiving from the UE via the serving cell in the first radio frequency spectrum band while transmitting the SSB via the candidate cell in the second radio frequency spectrum band.
[0099] In some embodiments, the capability to support the TCI state activation for the candidate cells for LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands indicates the capability to perform TCI state activation using the autonomous gap configuration.
[0100] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes receiving, from the UE, signaling that indicates a capability of the UE to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on the NCSG configuration, the control message transmitted responsive to the capability. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes receiving, from the UE, signaling that indicates a capability of the UE to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on a NFG configuration, the control message transmitted responsive to the capability. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes receiving, from the UE, signaling that indicates a capability of the UE to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on the autonomous gap configuration, the control message transmitted responsive to the capability.
[0101] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes receiving, from the UE, signaling that indicates a first capability of the UE and a second capability of the UE to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands, where the first capability and the second capability are with reference to a first frequency range and a second frequency range, respectively, and the control message is transmitted responsive to the first capability and the second capability. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes receiving, from the UE, signaling that indicates a first capability of the UE and a second capability of the UE to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands, where the first capability and the second capability are with reference to a first band combination and a second band combination, respectively, and the control message is transmitted responsive to the first capability and the second capability. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes receiving, from the UE, signaling that indicates a first capability of the UE and a second capability of the UE to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands, where the first capability and the second capability are with reference to a first band and a second band, respectively, and the control message is transmitted responsive to the first capability and the second capability. In one or more embodiments, the method further includes receiving, from the UE, signaling that indicates a first capability of the UE and a second capability of the UE to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands, where the first capability and the second capability are with reference to a first band and a second band, respectively, and the control message is transmitted responsive to the first capability and the second capability.
[0102] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes receiving, from the UE that is a first UE, signaling that indicates a first capability of the first UE to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure, the configuration message that indicates the set of candidate TCI states transmitted to the UE responsive to the first capability. In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving, from a second UE, signaling that indicates a second capability of the second UE to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure, a second configuration message that indicates a first set of candidate TCI states transmitted to the second UE responsive to the first capability.
[0103] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes receiving, from the UE and responsive at least in part to the configuration message that indicates the set of candidate TCI states, a measurement report based at least in part on layer 1 measurements of one or more SSBs associated with the candidate cell in the second radio frequency spectrum band.
[0104] In some embodiments, the configuration message includes an RRC reconfiguration message, and the control message includes a MAC CE.
[0105] The method 600 may be variously embodied, extended, or adapted, as described in the following paragraphs and elsewhere in this description.
[0106] Embodiments contemplated herein include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of the method 500 or 600. In the context of method 500, this non-transitory computer-readable media may be, for example, a memory of a UE (such as a memory 806 of a wireless device 802 that is a UE, as described herein) . In the context of method 600, this non-transitory computer-readable media may be, for example, a memory of a network device (such as a memory 824 of a network device 820, as described herein) .
[0107] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus having logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of the method 500 or 600. In the context of method 500, this apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a wireless device 802 that is a UE) . In the context of method 600, this apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a network device (such as a network device 820, as described herein) .
[0108] Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus having one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media, using or storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform one or more elements of the method 500 or 600. In the context of method 500, this apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a wireless device 802 that is a UE, as described herein) . In the context of the method 600, this apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a network device (such as a network device 820, as described herein) .
[0109] Embodiments contemplated herein include a signal as described in or related to one or more elements of the method 500, or 600.
[0110] Embodiments contemplated herein include a computer program or computer program product having instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processor causes the processor to carry out one or more elements of the method 500 or 600. In the context of method 500, the processor may be a processor of a UE (such as a processor (s) 804 of a wireless device 802 that is a UE, as described herein) , and the instructions may be, for example, located in the processor and / or on a memory of the UE (such as a memory 806 of a wireless device 802 that is a UE, as described herein) . In the context of method 600, the processor may be a processor of a network device (such as a processor (s) 822 of a network device 820, as described herein) , and the instructions may be, for example, located in the processor and / or on a memory of the network device (such as a memory 824 of a network device 820, as described herein) .
[0111] FIG. 7 illustrates an example architecture of a wireless communication system, according to embodiments described herein. The following description is provided for an example wireless communication system 700 that operates in conjunction with the LTE system standards or specifications and / or 5G or NR system standards or specifications, as provided by 3GPP technical specifications.
[0112] As shown, the wireless communication system 700 includes UE 702 and UE 704 (although any number of UEs may be used) . In this example, the UE 702 and the UE 704 are illustrated as smartphones (e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices connectable to one or more cellular networks) but may also comprise any mobile or non-mobile computing device configured for wireless communication.
[0113] The UE 702 and UE 704 may be configured to communicatively couple with a RAN 706. In embodiments, the RAN 706 may be NG-RAN, E-UTRAN, etc. The UE 702 and UE 704 utilize connections (or channels) (shown as connection 708 and connection 710, respectively) with the RAN 706, each of which comprises a physical communications interface. The RAN 706 can include one or more network devices, such as base station 712 and base station 714, that enable the connection 708 and connection 710.
[0114] In this example, the connection 708 and connection 710 are air interfaces to enable such communicative coupling and may be consistent with RAT (s) used by the RAN 706, such as, for example, an LTE and / or NR.
[0115] In some embodiments, the UE 702 and UE 704 may also directly exchange communication data via a sidelink interface 716. The UE 704 is shown to be configured to access an access point (shown as AP 718) via connection 720. By way of example, the connection 720 can comprise a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, wherein the AP 718 may comprise a router. In this example, the AP 718 may be connected to another network (for example, the Internet) without going through a CN 724.
[0116] In embodiments, the UE 702 and UE 704 can be configured to communicate using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with each other or with the base station 712 and / or the base station 714 over a multicarrier communication channel in accordance with various communication techniques, such as, but not limited to, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication technique (e.g., for downlink communications) or a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) communication technique (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communications) , although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. The OFDM signals can comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.
[0117] In some embodiments, all or parts of the base station 712 or base station 714 may be implemented as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of a virtual network. In addition, or in other embodiments, the base station 712 or base station 714 may be configured to communicate with one another via interface 722. In embodiments where the wireless communication system 700 is an LTE system (e.g., when the CN 724 is an EPC) , the interface 722 may be an X2 interface. The X2 interface may be defined between two or more network devices of a RAN (e.g., two or more eNBs and the like) that connect to an EPC, and / or between two eNBs connecting to the EPC. In embodiments where the wireless communication system 700 is an NR system (e.g., when CN 724 is a 5GC) , the interface 722 may be an Xn interface. The Xn interface is defined between two or more network devices of a RAN (e.g., two or more gNBs and the like) that connect to the 5GC, between a base station 712 (e.g., a gNB) connecting to the 5GC and an eNB, and / or between two eNBs connecting to the 5GC (e.g., CN 724) .
[0118] The RAN 706 is shown to be communicatively coupled to the CN 724. The CN 724 may comprise one or more network elements 726, which are configured to offer various data and telecommunications services to customers / subscribers (e.g., users of UE 702 and UE 704) who are connected to the CN 724 via the RAN 706. The components of the CN 724 may be implemented in one physical device or separate physical devices including components to read and execute instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) .
[0119] In embodiments, the CN 724 may be an EPC, and the RAN 706 may be connected with the CN 724 via an S1 interface 728. In embodiments, the S1 interface 728 may be split into two parts, an S1 user plane (S1-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the base station 712 or base station 714 and a serving gateway (S-GW) , and the S1-MME interface, which is a signaling interface between the base station 712 or base station 714 and mobility management entities (MMEs) .
[0120] In embodiments, the CN 724 may be a 5GC, and the RAN 706 may be connected with the CN 724 via an NG interface 728. In embodiments, the NG interface 728 may be split into two parts, an NG user plane (NG-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the base station 712 or base station 714 and a user plane function (UPF) , and the S1 control plane (NG-C) interface, which is a signaling interface between the base station 712 or base station 714 and access and mobility management functions (AMFs) .
[0121] Generally, an application server 730 may be an element offering applications that use internet protocol (IP) bearer resources with the CN 724 (e.g., packet switched data services) . The application server 730 can also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., VoIP sessions, group communication sessions, etc. ) for the UE 702 and UE 704 via the CN 724. The application server 730 may communicate with the CN 724 through an IP communications interface 732.
[0122] FIG. 8 illustrates an example system 800 for performing signaling 838 between a wireless device 802 and a network device 820, according to embodiments described herein. The system 800 may be a portion of a wireless communication system as herein described. The wireless device 802 may be, for example, a UE of a wireless communication system. The network device 820 may be, for example, a base station (e.g., an eNB or a gNB) or a radio head of a wireless communication system.
[0123] The wireless device 802 may include one or more processor (s) 804. The processor (s) 804 may execute instructions such that various operations of the wireless device 802 are performed, as described herein. The processor (s) 804 may include one or more baseband processors implemented using, for example, a central processing unit (CPU) , a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a controller, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein.
[0124] The wireless device 802 may include a memory 806. The memory 806 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions 808 (which may include, for example, the instructions being executed by the processor (s) 804) . The instructions 808 may also be referred to as program code or a computer program. The memory 806 may also store data used by, and results computed by, the processor (s) 804.
[0125] The wireless device 802 may include one or more transceiver (s) 810 (also collectively referred to as a transceiver 810) that may include radio frequency (RF) transmitter and / or receiver circuitry that use the antenna (s) 812 of the wireless device 802 to facilitate signaling (e.g., the signaling 838) to and / or from the wireless device 802 with other devices (e.g., the network device 820) according to corresponding RATs.
[0126] The wireless device 802 may include one or more antenna (s) 812 (e.g., one, two, four, eight, or more) . For embodiments with multiple antenna (s) 812, the wireless device 802 may leverage the spatial diversity of such multiple antenna (s) 812 to send and / or receive multiple different data streams on the same time and frequency resources. This behavior may be referred to as, for example, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) behavior (referring to the multiple antennas used at each of a transmitting device and a receiving device that enable this aspect) . MIMO transmissions by the wireless device 802 may be accomplished according to precoding (or digital beamforming) that is applied at the wireless device 802 that multiplexes the data streams across the antenna (s) 812 according to known or assumed channel characteristics such that each data stream is received with an appropriate signal strength relative to other streams and at a desired location in the spatial domain (e.g., the location of a receiver associated with that data stream) . Some embodiments may use single user MIMO (SU-MIMO) methods (where the data streams are all directed to a single receiver) and / or multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) methods (where individual data streams may be directed to individual (different) receivers in different locations in the spatial domain) .
[0127] In some embodiments having multiple antennas, the wireless device 802 may implement analog beamforming techniques, whereby phases of the signals sent by the antenna (s) 812 are relatively adjusted such that the (joint) transmission of the antenna (s) 812 can be directed (this is sometimes referred to as beam steering) .
[0128] The wireless device 802 may include one or more interface (s) 814. The interface (s) 814 may be used to provide input to or output from the wireless device 802. For example, a wireless device 802 that is a UE may include interface (s) 814 such as microphones, speakers, a touchscreen, buttons, and the like in order to allow for input and / or output to the UE by a user of the UE. Other interfaces of such a UE may be made up of transmitters, receivers, and other circuitry (e.g., other than the transceiver (s) 810 / antenna (s) 812 already described) that allow for communication between the UE and other devices and may operate according to known protocols (e.g., and the like) .
[0129] The wireless device 802 may include TCI activation manager 816. The TCI activation manager 816 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, the TCI activation manager 816 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and / or instructions 808 stored in the memory 806 and executed by the processor (s) 804. In some examples, the TCI activation manager 816 may be integrated within the processor (s) 804 and / or the transceiver (s) 810. For example, the TCI activation manager 816 may be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) within the processor (s) 804 or the transceiver (s) 810.
[0130] The TCI activation manager 816 may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIGs. 1-8, from a wireless device or UE perspective. The TCI activation manager 816 may be configured, for example, to perform receiving, via a serving cell in a first radio frequency spectrum band, a configuration message that indicates a set of candidate TCI states corresponding to respective cells of a set of candidate cells for a LTM procedure, the set of candidate cells including a candidate cell in a second radio frequency spectrum band; receiving a control message indicating to switch to the candidate cell and comprising an indication of a TCI state for the candidate cell; and determining, responsive to the control message, time and frequency tracking information for the candidate cell based at least in part on a measurement of an SSB received from the candidate cell during a next measurement opportunity following a processing duration for the control message, the next measurement opportunity corresponding to one or more of a next measurement length according to a NCSG configuration for the first radio frequency spectrum band, a next SSB occasion following the control message according to a NFG configuration for the first radio frequency spectrum band, or the next SSB occasion following the control message according to an autonomous gap configuration for the first radio frequency spectrum band.
[0131] The network device 820 may include one or more processor (s) 822. The processor (s) 822 may execute instructions such that various operations of the network device 820 are performed, as described herein. The processor (s) 822 may include one or more baseband processors implemented using, for example, a CPU, a DSP, an ASIC, a controller, an FPGA device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein.
[0132] The network device 820 may include a memory 824. The memory 824 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions 826 (which may include, for example, the instructions being executed by the processor (s) 822) . The instructions 826 may also be referred to as program code or a computer program. The memory 824 may also store data used by, and results computed by, the processor (s) 822.
[0133] The network device 820 may include one or more transceiver (s) 828 (also collectively referred to as a transceiver 828) that may include RF transmitter and / or receiver circuitry that use the antenna (s) 830 of the network device 820 to facilitate signaling (e.g., the signaling 838) to and / or from the network device 820 with other devices (e.g., the wireless device 802) according to corresponding RATs.
[0134] The network device 820 may include one or more antenna (s) 830 (e.g., one, two, four, or more) . In embodiments having multiple antenna (s) 830, the network device 820 may perform MIMO, digital beamforming, analog beamforming, beam steering, etc., as has been described.
[0135] The network device 820 may include one or more interface (s) 832. The interface (s) 832 may be used to provide input to or output from the network device 820. For example, a network device 820 of a RAN (e.g., a base station, a radio head, etc. ) may include interface (s) 832 made up of transmitters, receivers, and other circuitry (e.g., other than the transceiver (s) 828 / antenna (s) 830 already described) that enables the network device 820 to communicate with other equipment in a network, and / or that enables the network device 820 to communicate with external networks, computers, databases, and the like for purposes of operations, administration, and maintenance of the network device 820 or other equipment operably connected thereto.
[0136] The network device 820 may include at least one TCI activation manager 834. The TCI activation manager 834 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, the TCI activation manager 834 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and / or instructions 826 stored in the memory 824 and executed by the processor (s) 822. In some examples, the TCI activation manager 834 may be integrated within the processor (s) 822 and / or the transceiver (s) 828. For example, the TCI activation manager 834 may be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) within the processor (s) 822 or the transceiver (s) 828.
[0137] The TCI activation manager 834 may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of FIGs. 1-8, from a network device perspective. The TCI activation manager 834 may be configured, for example, to perform receiving, from a UE, signaling that indicates a capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells for a LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on one or more of a NCSG configuration, a NFG configuration, or an autonomous gap configuration; transmitting, to the UE responsive to the capability and via a serving cell in a first radio frequency spectrum band, a configuration message that indicates a set of candidate TCI states corresponding to respective cells of a set of candidate cells for the LTM procedure, the set of candidate cells including a candidate cell in a second radio frequency spectrum band; transmitting, to the UE, a control message indicating for the UE to switch to the candidate cell, the control message indicating a TCI state for the candidate cell; and receiving, from the UE and at least in part in response to the control message, a complete message indicating that the UE has switched to the candidate cell.
[0138] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, and / or methods as set forth herein. For example, a baseband processor (or processor) as described herein in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth herein. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, network device, network element, etc. as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth herein.
[0139] Any of the above described embodiments may be combined with any other embodiment (or combination of embodiments) , unless explicitly stated otherwise. The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form described. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.
[0140] Embodiments and implementations of the systems and methods described herein may include various operations, which may be embodied in machine-executable instructions to be executed by a computer system. A computer system may include one or more general-purpose or special-purpose computers (or other electronic devices) . The computer system may include hardware components that include specific logic for performing the operations or may include a combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.
[0141] The systems described herein pertain to specific embodiments but are provided as examples. These embodiments can be combined into single systems, partially combined into other systems, split into multiple systems or divided or combined in other ways. In addition, it is contemplated that parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. of one embodiment can be used in another embodiment. The parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. are merely described in one or more embodiments for clarity, and it is recognized that the parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. can be combined with or substituted for parameters, attributes, aspects, etc. of another embodiment unless specifically disclaimed herein.
[0142] Although the foregoing has been described in some detail for purposes of clarity, it will be apparent that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles thereof. It should be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing both the processes and apparatuses described herein. Accordingly, the present embodiments are to be considered illustrative and not restrictive, and the description is not to be limited to the details given herein but may be modified within the scope and equivalents of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A baseband processor comprising a memory and configured to:receive, via a serving cell in a first radio frequency spectrum band, a configuration message that indicates a set of candidate transmission configuration indication (TCI) states corresponding to respective cells of a set of candidate cells for a layer 1 / layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) procedure, the set of candidate cells including a candidate cell in a second radio frequency spectrum band;receive a control message indicating to switch to a TCI state for the candidate cell and comprising an indication of a TCI state for the candidate cell; anddetermine, responsive to the control message, time and frequency tracking information for the candidate cell based at least in part on a measurement of a synchronization signal block (SSB) received from the candidate cell during a next measurement opportunity following a processing duration for the control message, the next measurement opportunity corresponding to one or more of:a next measurement length according to a network controlled small gap configuration for the first radio frequency spectrum band;a next SSB occasion following the control message according to a need for gaps configuration for the first radio frequency spectrum band; orthe next SSB occasion following the control message according to an autonomous gap configuration for the first radio frequency spectrum band.2.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the next measurement opportunity corresponds to the next measurement length according to the network controlled small gap configuration, the baseband processor further configured to:control a receive chain to turn on during a first visible interruption length duration to perform the measurement of the SSB during the next measurement length; andcontrol the receive chain to turn off during a second visible interruption length duration that follows the next measurement length.3.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the next measurement opportunity corresponds to the next SSB occasion according to the need for gaps configuration, the baseband processor further configured to:control a receive chain to turn on during a first interruption duration to perform the measurement of the SSB during the next SSB occasion; andcontrol the receive chain to turn off during a second interruption duration that follows the next SSB occasion.4.The baseband processor of claim 3, the baseband processor further configured to:transmit or receive on the serving cell in the first radio frequency spectrum band while receiving the SSB from the candidate cell in the second radio frequency spectrum band.5.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein the next measurement opportunity corresponds to the next SSB occasion according to the autonomous gap configuration, the baseband processor further configured to:control a receive chain to tune from the first radio frequency spectrum band to the second radio frequency spectrum band to perform the measurement of the SSB during the next SSB occasion; andcontrol the receive chain to retune to the first radio frequency spectrum band from the second radio frequency spectrum band following the next SSB occasion.6.The baseband processor of claim 1, the baseband processor further configured to:transmit signaling that indicates a capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on the network controlled small gap configuration, the control message received at least partly in response to the capability.7.The baseband processor of claim 1, the baseband processor further configured to:transmit signaling that indicates a capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on a need for gaps configuration, the control message received at least partly in response to the capability.8.The baseband processor of claim 1, the baseband processor further configured to:transmit signaling that indicates a capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on the autonomous gap configuration, the control message received at least partly in response to the capability.9.The baseband processor of claim 1, the baseband processor further configured to:transmit signaling that indicates a first capability and a second capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands, wherein the first capability and the second capability are with reference to one or more of a first frequency range and a second frequency range, a first band combination and a second band combination, or a first band and a second band, wherein the control message is received at least partly in response to the first capability and the second capability.10.The baseband processor of claim 1, further configured to:transmit, responsive at least in part to the configuration message that indicates the set of candidate TCI states, a measurement report based at least in part on performing, in the second radio frequency spectrum band, layer 1 measurements of one or more SSBs associated with the candidate cell.11.The baseband processor of claim 1, wherein:the configuration message comprises a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message; andthe control message comprises a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) .12.A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving, via a serving cell in a first radio frequency spectrum band, a configuration message that indicates a set of candidate transmission configuration indication (TCI) states corresponding to respective cells of a set of candidate cells for a layer 1 / layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) procedure, the set of candidate cells including a candidate cell in a second radio frequency spectrum band;receiving a control message indicating to switch to the candidate cell and comprising an indication of a TCI state for the candidate cell; anddetermining, responsive to the control message, time and frequency tracking information for the candidate cell based at least in part on a measurement of a synchronization signal block (SSB) received from the candidate cell during a next measurement opportunity following a processing duration for the control message, the next measurement opportunity corresponding to:a next measurement length according to a network controlled small gap configuration for the first radio frequency spectrum band;a next SSB occasion following the control message according to a need for gaps configuration for the first radio frequency spectrum band; orthe next SSB occasion following the control message according to an autonomous gap configuration for the first radio frequency spectrum band.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the next measurement opportunity corresponds to the next measurement length according to the network controlled small gap configuration, the method further comprising:controlling a receive chain to turn on during a first visible interruption length duration to perform the measurement of the SSB during the next measurement length; andcontrolling the receive chain to turn off during a second visible interruption length duration that follows the next measurement length.14.The method of claim 12, wherein the next measurement opportunity corresponds to the next SSB occasion according to the need for gaps configuration, the method further comprising:controlling a receive chain to turn on during a first interruption duration to perform the measurement of the SSB during the next SSB occasion; andcontrolling the receive chain to turn off during a second interruption duration that follows the next SSB occasion.15.The method of claim 12, wherein the next measurement opportunity corresponds to the next SSB occasion according to the autonomous gap configuration, the method further comprising:controlling a receive chain to tune from the first radio frequency spectrum band to the second radio frequency spectrum band to perform the measurement of the SSB during the next SSB occasion; andcontrolling the receive chain to retune to the first radio frequency spectrum band from the second radio frequency spectrum band following the next SSB occasion.16.The method of claim 12, further comprising:transmitting signaling that indicates a capability to support TCI state activation for candidate cells of the LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on one or more of the network controlled small gap configuration, the need for gaps configuration, the autonomous gap configuration.17.A method of wireless communication at a network device, comprising:receiving, from a user equipment (UE) , signaling that indicates a capability to support transmission configuration indication (TCI) state activation for candidate cells for a layer 1 / layer 2 triggered mobility (LTM) procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands based at least in part on one or more of a network controlled small gap configuration, a need for gaps configuration, or an autonomous gap configuration;transmitting, to the UE responsive to the capability and via a serving cell in a first radio frequency spectrum band, a configuration message that indicates a set of candidate TCI states corresponding to respective cells of a set of candidate cells for the LTM procedure, the set of candidate cells including a candidate cell in a second radio frequency spectrum band;transmitting, to the UE, a control message indicating for the UE to switch to the candidate cell, the control message indicating a TCI state for the candidate cell; andreceiving, from the UE and at least in part in response to the control message, a complete message indicating that the UE has switched to the candidate cell.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the capability to support the TCI state activation for the candidate cells for LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands indicates the capability to perform TCI state activation using the network controlled small gap configuration.19.The method of claim 17, wherein the capability to support the TCI state activation for the candidate cells for LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands indicates the capability to perform TCI state activation using the need for gaps configuration.20.The method of claim 17, wherein the capability to support the TCI state activation for the candidate cells for LTM procedure between different radio frequency spectrum bands indicates the capability to perform TCI state activation using the autonomous gap configuration.
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