Use of mono-ester glycolipids in automatic dishwasher detergents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of a mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids in an automatic dishwasher detergents composition. The mono-ester glycolipid or mixture of mono-ester glycolipids comprises a carbohydrate moiety is selected from the group consisting of maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, isomaltulose, lactulose, isomaltose, and mixtures thereof.

Description

[0001] Use of mono-ester glycolipids in automatic dishwasher detergents

[0002] Technical field of the invention

[0003] The present invention relates to automatic dishwasher detergents.

[0004] Background of the invention

[0005] Automatic dishwasher detergents are specially formulated cleaning agents designed to clean dishes, utensils, and cookware in dishwashing machines. Surfactants play a crucial role in automatic dishwasher detergents by enhancing the cleaning process through several mechanisms. At a molecular level, a surfactant comprises two distinct parts: a hydrophilic (water-attracting) part and a hydrophobic (water-repelling) part. This unique structure allows surfactants to interact with both water and oils, facilitating the removal of greasy residues from dishes.

[0006] Firstly, surfactants reduce the surface tension of water, allowing water to spread more easily over surfaces and penetrate small crevices where food particles may be lodged. This improved wetting property ensures that the detergent solution can effectively cover and clean all parts of the dishes.

[0007] In addition to reducing surface tension, surfactants emulsify fats and oils. The hydrophobic part of the surfactant binds to grease and oil, while the hydrophilic part binds to water. This dual action breaks down the oils into smaller droplets, making them easier to wash away. This process is particularly important for removing greasy residues on dishes and cookware.

[0008] Furthermore, surfactants act as wetting agents, improving the overall efficiency of the cleaning process by ensuring that water can reach and interact with all surfaces. They also play a key role in soil suspension by keeping food particles and other soils suspended in the wash water, preventing them from redepositing onto the dishes during the wash cycle. This function is essential for maintaining the cleanliness of the dishes throughout the entire cleaning process.

[0009] Hence, surfactants enhance the effectiveness of dishwasher detergents by reducing surface tension, emulsifying oils, acting as wetting agents, and suspending soils in the wash water. The combination of their hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts ensures that dishes come out clean, free of residue, and ready for use. Currently used surfactants are shown to be very effective. However, consumer demands for new milder and "greener" automatic dishwasher detergents mean that this area needs to be addressed again.

[0010] Summary of the invention

[0011] Thus, the object of the present invention is to provide a greener alternative to the currently used automatic dishwasher detergents.

[0012] The inventors of the present invention have found use of a new subtype of non-ionic surfactants, mono-ester glycolipids, that is a greener alternative to conventional non-ionic surfactants for automatic dishwasher detergents.

[0013] An automatic dishwasher is programmed to efficiently and effectively clean dishes through a series of distinct cycles, each designed to achieve specific cleaning goals. The series of cycles combined in an automatic dishwasher is typically referred to as a "program".

[0014] The programmed process typically begins with a pre-rinse cycle, where dishes are sprayed with cold to lukewarm water to remove loose food particles, grease, and other debris. This initial cycle, which typically lasts a few minutes, helps prevent the recycling of dirty water during later stages and reduces the risk of clogging the dishwasher's filter.

[0015] Following the pre-rinse, the main wash cycle commences. This is the primary cleaning phase where the dishwasher uses hot water, typically between 45-75 degrees Celsius, mixed with detergent (a mix of chemical substances, such as surfactants, enzymes, and builders) to thoroughly clean the dishes. The hot water activates the detergent, helping it break down and remove food residues and stains. This cycle is the longest, typically ranging from 20 to 60 minutes depending on the dishwasher model and selected settings.

[0016] After the main wash, the rinse cycle takes over, using clean hot water to wash away any remaining detergent and food particles. This phase may include multiple rinses to ensure the dishes are perfectly clean, each lasting between 5 to 15 minutes. Rinse aids are specifically designed to be released during the final rinse cycle only. The purpose of this is to ensure that the rinse aid can effectively do its job of reducing the surface tension of the water, which helps the water sheet off the dishes more completely, thereby reducing water spots and aiding in faster drying. Once the dishes are rinsed, they enter the drying cycle. Some dishwashers use a heated drying method with an element that heats the air inside to speed up moisture evaporation. Others might use a fan to circulate the air, and advanced models may combine heat with air circulation. Energy-efficient models might employ "condensation drying," which uses the heat retained by the dishes to evaporate moisture without additional heat. This drying phase typically lasts 15 to 30 minutes.

[0017] Optional in some models is the sanitize cycle, which uses an extra hot rinse to kill bacteria, ensuring a high level of hygiene. This cycle is particularly beneficial in households with young children, the elderly, or anyone with a compromised immune system. It requires reaching at least about 70 degrees Celsius and adds about 15 to 30 minutes to the dishwashing process.

[0018] Additionally, many dishwashers offer an eco-friendly cycle designed to save water and energy. This cycle operates longer but at lower temperatures and uses less water than standard cycles. Adjustments in spray intensity and timing maximize efficiency without compromising on cleaning performance.

[0019] Together, these cycles ensure that dishes are not only clean but also sanitized and dried efficiently, with various settings available to customize the process according to load type and the user's preferences regarding energy and water consumption.

[0020] US3481881A describes how esters of fatty acids and sugars can be used as rinse aids added after the wash cycle to obtain a sparkling drying effect without forming an excessive amount of foam. An alkaline solution was used for stain removal during the main washing cycle, then a washing cycle with water was performed, and finally the rinse aid was added during the rinse cycle. It is evident that esters of fatty acids and sugars cannot be used during the main washing cycle as the highly alkaline solution would hydrolyze the ester.

[0021] Thus, a first aspect relates to the use of a mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of monoester glycolipids in an automatic dishwasher detergent composition.

[0022] A second aspect relates to the use of a mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids in an automatic dishwasher detergent composition, said mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids being released during the main wash cycle.

[0023] In the present context, the term "automatic dishwasher detergent composition" is different from a rinse aid in several aspects. A rinse aid also contains surfactants but works during the final rinse cycle whereas the automatic dishwasher detergent composition works during the main wash cycle.

[0024] A third aspect relates to an automatic dishwasher detergent composition comprising a mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids.

[0025] A fourth aspect relates to an automatic dishwasher detergent composition comprising a mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids; wherein said automatic dishwasher detergent composition is compounded to release said mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids during the main wash cycle.

[0026] A fifth aspect relates to a method for automatically cleaning dishes comprising the steps of:

[0027] - providing an automatic dishwasher detergent composition comprising a mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids;

[0028] - contacting dishes placed in an automatic dishwasher with the automatic dishwasher detergent composition at the main wash cycle during an automatic dishwashing process;

[0029] - optionally, contacting dishes placed in an automatic dishwasher with a rinse aid at a rinse cycle during the automatic dishwashing process; and

[0030] - allowing the dishes to dry.

[0031] The present invention will now be described in more detail in the following.

[0032] Detailed description of the invention

[0033] Glycolipids are amphoteric, anionic, cationic, or non-ionic molecules that comprise a hydrophilic carbohydrate moiety and one or more fatty acids as lipophilic moiety. Monoester glycolipids have a single fatty acid as the lipophilic moiety. The inventors of the present invention have also found that mono-ester glycolipids have comparable, and sometimes better, properties than some conventional non-ionic surfactants that are produced from petrochemicals and palm oil (see the experimental section for a selection of results).

[0034] A first aspect relates to the use of a mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids in an automatic dishwasher detergent composition. A second aspect relates to an automatic dishwasher detergent composition comprising a mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids.

[0035] The inventors of the present invention have found a process for producing mono-ester glycolipids from renewable sources.

[0036] The automatic dishwasher detergent composition of the present invention can take any of a number of forms. It can take the form of a dilutable automatic dishwasher detergent composition, a surfactant-structured liquid, a granular, spray-dried or dry-blended powder, a tablet, a paste, a moulded solid, or any other automatic dishwasher detergent composition form known to those skilled in the art.

[0037] A "dilutable automatic dishwasher detergent" composition is defined, for the purposes of this disclosure, as a product intended to be used by being diluted with water by a ratio of more than 100: 1, to produce a liquid suitable for cleaning dishes.

[0038] In addition to the above-mentioned mono-ester glycolipid, the formulator may include one or more optional ingredients in the automatic dishwasher detergent composition. While it is not necessary for these elements to be present in order to practice this invention, the use of such materials is often very helpful in rendering the formulation of the automatic dishwasher detergent composition acceptable for consumer use.

[0039] In the formulation of automatic dishwasher detergents, surfactants typically constitute between 1% to 10% by weight of the overall composition. The specific amount used depends on the desired cleaning performance and the particular characteristics of the detergent. Surfactants are crucial for breaking down grease and food residues, ensuring that dishes are thoroughly cleaned.

[0040] Non-ionic surfactants are the preferred choice in dishwasher detergents due to their low- foaming properties. Excessive foam can interfere with the mechanical action of the dishwasher and reduce cleaning efficiency.

[0041] The lower end of the range, around 1% w / w, might be sufficient for formulations targeting light-duty cleaning or when combined with other potent cleaning agents. Higher concentrations, approaching 10%, are typically used in formulations designed for more challenging cleaning tasks, where greater grease and residue removal is necessary.

[0042] The precise formulation also considers the balance between cleaning efficacy and potential residues. Too much surfactant can leave residues on dishes, while too little might result in insufficient cleaning. Therefore, the percentage of surfactant used is carefully calibrated to achieve the best results without compromising the appearance and safety of the cleaned items.

[0043] Automatic dishwasher detergents are composed of several common and optional components. Common components include non-ionic surfactants, such as alcohol ethoxylates and alkyl polyglucosides, which help break down grease and food residues. In the automatic dishwasher detergent compositions of the present invention, a part or all of these surfactants are replaced by a mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids.

[0044] Builders like phosphates, citrates, and silicates are used to soften water and enhance the effectiveness of surfactants. Enzymes such as proteases, amylases, and lipases break down proteins, starches, and fats, respectively. Oxygen-based bleaching agents, such as sodium percarbonate, are included to remove stains and sanitize dishes.

[0045] Rinse aids, which can be integrated into the detergent or added separately, help to enhance drying and prevent water spots.

[0046] Automatic dishwasher rinse aids (or rinse agents) are low-foaming surfactants that reduce water's surface tension, helping water sheet off dishes in the final rinse cycle. This prevents spotting and improves drying. Traditionally, rinse aid is added separately via a dishwasher's dispenser and released only during the final rinse cycle. To simplify use and ensure rinse benefits even if users don't add a separate product, the industry has developed "2-in-l" or "all-in-one" detergent formulations that include a built-in rinse agent. The key challenge is to incorporate the rinse aid in a detergent product but delay its action until the end of the wash. If a rinse agent is released too early (during the wash cycle), its benefits are lost, and it would simply rinse away with the wash water. Furthermore, an early-released surfactant could interfere with washing (for example, by causing suds or reducing cleaning efficiency). Therefore, any combined formulation must withstand the high-pH, high-agitation main wash and only release the rinse aid in the final rinse cycle.

[0047] Fillers like sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate are used to control the flow and consistency of the detergent.

[0048] Optional components may include anti-caking agents like silicon dioxide to prevent clumping, various fragrances to provide a pleasant smell, and dyes for appearance. Corrosion inhibitors are sometimes added to protect dishwasher parts and utensils. Dispersing agents help to prevent the redeposition of soils onto dishes during the wash cycle. Lastly, preservatives may be included to extend the shelf life of the product.

[0049] In one or more embodiments, the automatic dishwasher detergent composition further comprises:

[0050] - one or more builders.

[0051] Builders are a crucial component in automatic dishwasher detergents, typically constituting between 20% to 40% by weight of the overall formulation. Builders play several essential roles that enhance the cleaning performance of the detergent. One of their primary functions is to soften the water by binding to calcium and magnesium ions. These ions are prevalent in hard water and can interfere with the cleaning action of surfactants by forming insoluble salts that reduce the detergent's effectiveness. By sequestering these ions, builders prevent them from precipitating out of the water, ensuring that the surfactants can work more efficiently.

[0052] Common builders include phosphates, citrates, and silicates. Phosphates were traditionally widely used due to their excellent water-softening properties and ability to enhance the cleaning power of detergents. However, their use has declined due to environmental concerns, as they can contribute to eutrophication in water bodies. Consequently, many modern formulations now use alternative builders like citrates and silicates, which are more environmentally friendly.

[0053] Citrates, derived from citric acid, are effective at chelating metal ions and are biodegradable, making them a popular choice in eco-friendly dishwasher detergents. They help to maintain the optimal pH balance of the detergent, enhancing its cleaning performance without harming the environment.

[0054] Silicates, such as sodium silicate, also serve as effective builders. They not only soften water but also provide additional benefits, such as protecting glassware from corrosion and acting as a buffering agent to maintain the stability of the detergent during storage and use. Silicates help to prevent the etching and clouding of glass, which can occur over time with repeated washing.

[0055] The high percentage of builders in dishwasher detergents ensures that even in areas with very hard water, the detergent can perform effectively. By preventing scale formation and keeping the wash water soft, builders enhance the overall efficiency of the cleaning process. This results in dishes that are free from spots and residues, maintaining their appearance and extending their lifespan. In one or more embodiments, the automatic dishwasher detergent composition further comprises:

[0056] - one or more enzymes.

[0057] Enzymes in automatic dishwasher detergents typically make up between 1% to 5% by weight of the overall composition. These enzymes are crucial for breaking down various types of food residues, ensuring that dishes, utensils, and cookware are thoroughly cleaned. The exact percentage of enzymes used in a detergent formulation depends on the specific types and quantities of residues the product is designed to target.

[0058] The inclusion of these enzymes, even in small amounts, significantly enhances the cleaning power of the detergent. The enzymatic action is highly efficient, allowing for the breakdown of stubborn residues that traditional surfactants might struggle to remove. This efficiency means that only a small percentage of enzymes is needed to achieve effective cleaning results.

[0059] Manufacturers carefully calibrate the enzyme content to balance cleaning performance with cost-effectiveness. Too little enzyme content might result in insufficient cleaning, while too much could unnecessarily increase the cost of the detergent without proportional benefits. Additionally, enzymes are formulated to remain stable and active throughout the dishwasher cycle, including in varying water temperatures and pH levels.

[0060] Proteases are enzymes that specifically target and break down protein-based stains and residues. Proteins from food such as meat, eggs, and dairy products can adhere strongly to dishes, making them difficult to remove. Proteases catalyze the hydrolysis of protein molecules into smaller peptides and amino acids, which can then be easily washed away by the detergent solution.

[0061] Amylases are another essential type of enzyme found in dishwasher detergents. They focus on breaking down starches, which are commonly found in foods like potatoes, pasta, and rice. Starch molecules are large and can become sticky when exposed to water, adhering firmly to dish surfaces. Amylases break these starch molecules into simpler sugars, which dissolve more readily in water and are thus removed more effectively during the wash cycle.

[0062] Lipases, the third major enzyme type used in dishwasher detergents, target fats and oils. Fats from cooking oils, butter, and greasy foods can form stubborn residues on dishes and cookware. Lipases break down these fats into smaller molecules such as glycerol and fatty acids, which are more soluble in water and can be rinsed away during the washing process.

[0063] By incorporating these enzymes, automatic dishwasher detergents can effectively tackle a wide range of food residues. The action of these enzymes ensures that proteins, starches, and fats are broken down into smaller, more manageable molecules, leading to cleaner dishes. The use of enzymes also allows for lower washing temperatures, which can save energy and reduce the risk of damage to delicate items. Hence, proteases, amylases, and lipases are preferred components of dishwasher detergents, each targeting specific types of food residues to enhance cleaning performance and ensure spotless results.

[0064] In one or more embodiments, the automatic dishwasher detergent composition further comprises:

[0065] - one or more bleaching agents.

[0066] Bleaching agents in automatic dishwasher detergents typically constitute between 5% to 20% by weight of the overall composition. The specific amount of bleaching agent used in a detergent formulation depends on the desired level of stain removal and sanitization. In formulations targeting heavy-duty cleaning, a higher percentage of bleaching agents, closer to the 20% range, may be used to ensure that even the toughest stains are effectively removed. For everyday cleaning needs, lower concentrations, around 5% to 10%, are usually sufficient to achieve satisfactory results.

[0067] Bleaching agents are a normally used component of automatic dishwasher detergents, playing an important role in removing stains and sanitizing dishes. The most commonly used bleaching agents in these detergents are oxygen-based, such as sodium percarbonate. These compounds work by releasing oxygen when they come into contact with water. This release of oxygen results in a powerful oxidizing action that breaks down and removes various types of stains, including those caused by coffee, tea, wine, and other organic materials.

[0068] The mechanism of oxygen-based bleaching agents involves the oxidation of the stain molecules. When the oxygen is released, it reacts with the chromophores in the stains, which are the parts of the molecules responsible for their color. This reaction alters the chemical structure of the chromophores, effectively breaking them down and rendering the stains colorless. As a result, the visible stains are removed, and the dishes appear cleaner and brighter. In addition to their stain-removing properties, oxygen-based bleaching agents also have a sanitizing effect. The oxidative action helps to kill bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that may be present on the dishes. This sanitizing effect is particularly important for ensuring that dishes, utensils, and cookware are not only visually clean but also hygienically safe for use.

[0069] Another advantage of oxygen-based bleaching agents, like sodium percarbonate, is that they are generally more environmentally friendly compared to chlorine-based bleaches. When these compounds break down, they typically decompose into non-toxic substances such as water, oxygen, and soda ash (sodium carbonate). This makes them a preferred choice for environmentally conscious consumers and manufacturers.

[0070] Another common oxygen-based agent is sodium perborate. Similar to sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate releases oxygen when dissolved in water, which helps break down and remove stains from dishes. It works through an oxidation process, attacking the chromophores in stains and altering their chemical structure to render them colorless and easier to wash away.

[0071] Sodium perborate has been used for many years, although it has become less common in some regions due to concerns about boron compounds' environmental impact. Despite this, it remains an effective bleaching agent in regions where it is still permitted.

[0072] Hydrogen peroxide is another powerful oxygen-based bleaching agent. It is sometimes used in its liquid form or more commonly as part of solid compounds that release hydrogen peroxide when dissolved. Hydrogen peroxide acts as a strong oxidizer, breaking down organic stains and providing a sanitizing effect by killing bacteria and other microorganisms. It is effective at lower temperatures, making it a versatile ingredient in dishwasher detergents.

[0073] In addition to these oxygen-based agents, some dishwasher detergents may include alternative bleaching agents for specialized formulations. For instance, tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) is often used as a bleach activator. TAED works in conjunction with hydrogen peroxide or sodium percarbonate to enhance the bleaching action, especially at lower temperatures. It helps to generate peracetic acid, a potent bleaching and disinfecting agent, providing an additional level of stain removal and microbial control.

[0074] Chlorine-based bleaching agents, such as sodium hypochlorite, are also used in some automatic dishwasher detergents. However, they are less common due to their potential to produce harmful by-products and their harsher environmental impact. Chlorine-based bleaches are highly effective at removing stains and disinfecting, but they can be more aggressive, potentially causing damage to delicate dishes and dishwasher components.

[0075] In one or more embodiments, the automatic dishwasher detergent composition further comprises:

[0076] - one or more fillers.

[0077] Fillers in automatic dishwasher detergents typically make up between 20% to 50% by weight of the overall composition. Fillers are an important component of automatic dishwasher detergents, serving several crucial functions that contribute to the overall effectiveness and usability of the product. Common fillers used in these detergents include sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate. These substances are not active cleaning agents themselves, but they play vital roles in enhancing the detergent's performance and ensuring its stability.

[0078] One of the primary functions of fillers is to act as bulking agents. By increasing the volume of the detergent, fillers ensure that the product has a consistent and manageable texture. This is particularly important for powdered and granular detergents, as it helps to prevent the product from clumping together and allows for more precise dosing. A uniform texture ensures that the detergent can be evenly distributed during the wash cycle, promoting consistent cleaning results.

[0079] Fillers also contribute to controlling the detergent's flow properties. In powdered and tablet forms, sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate help to regulate how the detergent pours or dissolves in water. This is essential for ensuring that the detergent disperses quickly and evenly in the dishwasher, allowing it to start working on cleaning the dishes immediately.

[0080] In addition to their physical roles, fillers can also have chemical functions that enhance the detergent's performance. Sodium carbonate, for example, acts as a water softener by binding to calcium and magnesium ions in hard water. This prevents these ions from interfering with the cleaning action of the detergent, allowing the surfactants and enzymes to work more effectively. By softening the water, sodium carbonate helps to prevent the formation of limescale and reduces the potential for spotting and filming on dishes.

[0081] Another benefit of using fillers like sodium sulfate is their ability to stabilize the detergent formulation. Fillers can help to keep the various components of the detergent evenly distributed and prevent them from reacting with each other during storage. This ensures that the detergent maintains its effectiveness over time and provides consistent cleaning performance with each use.

[0082] As discussed, fillers in automatic dishwasher detergents serve several important functions, including acting as bulking agents, improving flow properties, and enhancing the stability of the detergent formulation. While sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate are commonly used fillers, there are several other substances that can serve as fillers in dishwasher detergents.

[0083] One such example is sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt. Sodium chloride can be used as a filler to adjust the density and bulk of the detergent. It helps to ensure that the detergent has a consistent texture and flow properties, preventing clumping and facilitating even distribution during the wash cycle. Additionally, sodium chloride can assist in stabilizing the formulation by preventing moisture absorption and maintaining the integrity of the detergent.

[0084] Another example of a filler is borax, or sodium borate. Borax is a versatile compound that can act as a bulking agent and water softener. It helps to enhance the cleaning performance of the detergent by binding to hard water ions, such as calcium and magnesium, thereby preventing them from interfering with the cleaning action of surfactants and enzymes. Borax also contributes to the overall stability of the detergent formulation.

[0085] Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is another filler that can be used in dishwasher detergents. Sodium bicarbonate acts as a mild abrasive, helping to gently scrub away food residues and stains from dishes. It also has deodorizing properties, which can help to neutralize odors and leave dishes smelling fresh. Additionally, sodium bicarbonate can assist in regulating the pH of the detergent solution, ensuring optimal cleaning conditions.

[0086] Finally, silica is often used as an anti-caking agent in powdered dishwasher detergents. Silica helps to prevent the detergent particles from clumping together by absorbing excess moisture and keeping the powder free-flowing. This ensures that the detergent can be easily dispensed and evenly distributed in the dishwasher.

[0087] In one or more embodiments, the automatic dishwasher detergent composition further comprises:

[0088] - one or more rinse aids compounded to be released during a rinse cycle. Building on the same principle of separation, many modern dishwasher detergents are sold as pods, packs, or capsules that have multiple compartments. These are often the liquid / gel -filled pouch types (e.g., made of dissolvable polyvinyl alcohol film) with visibly separate sections. For instance, Finish™ Quantum and similar premium products feature "3-chamber" capsules. Typically, two chambers of powders or gels for cleaning, plus a distinct chamber for a rinse aid (often a colored liquid or gel). In practice, when water enters the dishwasher, the soluble film wrapping the pod dissolves and releases the contents of each chamber. However, the ingredients are formulated such that the rinse-aid component either dissolves more slowly or performs its action later in the cycle. With multi-compartment pods, timing control can be a bit less precise than with solid layered tablets, since once the film dissolves, all compartments are exposed to water. To address this, manufacturers use differences in physical form and solubility. For example, a pod may contain some portion as a solid powder (which dissolves quickly for the wash) and another portion as a viscous gel or dense liquid that dissolves more gradually. The rinse aid is often in a gel form (or an encapsulated liquid "ball") that might not disperse immediately. By the time the cycle enters the rinse phase, that gel layer is fully dissolving, releasing the rinse aid. In essence, the "fast-dissolving" chambers are the cleaning agents, while a "slower- dissolving" chamber holds the rinse aid to act as the finishing agent. Some designs physically isolate the rinse aid in a separate pouch segment that could even be made of a slightly thicker film. Others include a distinct embedded piece: for instance, older Finish Powerball® tablets had a red ball in the center advertised to provide rinse aid and shine. This ball was a concentrated surfactant gel that dissolved during the rinse (the tablet around it dissolved earlier for cleaning). The concept is similar across brands. The compartmentalization ensures the rinse aid is not all washed out in the early stages.

[0089] Rinse aids in automatic dishwasher detergents typically constitute between 0.5% to 5% by weight of the overall composition. The precise amount of rinse aid used in a detergent formulation depends on the desired level of drying performance and spot prevention.

[0090] Lower concentrations, around 0.5%, may be adequate for basic formulations where drying efficiency is less critical. However, higher concentrations, approaching 5%, are typically used in premium formulations designed to offer superior drying and spotless results, especially in areas with hard water where spotting and filming are more likely to occur. In addition to surfactants, rinse aids may include other components like acids or salts, such as citric acid or sodium citrate, to further enhance their ability to prevent mineral deposits and improve overall drying performance.

[0091] Hence, rinse aids promotes faster and more efficient drying. When water spreads out in a thin layer, it evaporates more quickly, which helps to reduce drying time. This is particularly beneficial for households looking to save time and energy. The even distribution of water facilitated by rinse aids helps to prevent water spots and streaks on dishes (which in this context includes plates, cups, glasses, and utensils). In the absence of a rinse aid, water droplets can dry unevenly, leaving behind mineral deposits and spots, particularly in areas with hard water. By ensuring that water sheets off surfaces smoothly, rinse aids minimize the occurrence of these unsightly residues, leaving dishes sparkling clean and clear.

[0092] In one or more embodiments, the automatic dishwasher detergent composition further comprises:

[0093] - one or more co-polymers.

[0094] Co-polymers in automatic dishwasher detergents typically make up between 1% to 10% by weight of the overall composition. The specific amount of co-polymer used in a detergent formulation depends on the desired performance characteristics. Lower concentrations, around 1%, may be sufficient for formulations targeting lighter cleaning tasks. In contrast, higher concentrations, approaching 10%, are typically used in formulations designed to handle tougher cleaning challenges, where enhanced dispersion, scale inhibition, and anti-redeposition properties are necessary.

[0095] There are various types of co-polymers used in automatic dishwasher detergents, each serving specific functions to enhance the detergent's overall effectiveness.

[0096] Co-polymers of maleic acid and acrylic acid, often found in automatic dishwasher detergent compositions, serve several important functions that enhance the overall cleaning performance and efficiency of the detergent. These co-polymers are typically included for their ability to act as dispersants, scale inhibitors, and anti-redeposition agents.

[0097] Firstly, as dispersants, these co-polymers help to break down and disperse food particles and soils that have been loosened by the detergent. This action prevents the particles from re-agglomerating or settling back onto the dishes and other surfaces. By keeping soils suspended in the wash water, co-polymers ensure that these particles are effectively rinsed away, contributing to cleaner and clearer dishes.

[0098] Secondly, co-polymers of maleic acid and acrylic acid function as scale inhibitors. In areas with hard water, calcium and magnesium ions can precipitate and form scale deposits on both the dishes and the interior parts of the dishwasher. These deposits can cause cloudy films on glassware and reduce the efficiency and lifespan of the dishwasher. The copolymers bind to these calcium and magnesium ions, preventing them from crystallizing and forming scale. This not only helps in maintaining the appearance of the dishes but also protects the dishwasher from scale buildup.

[0099] Additionally, these co-polymers serve as anti-redeposition agents. During the wash cycle, soils and stains are lifted from the dishes and suspended in the water. Without antiredeposition agents, there is a risk that these particles could settle back onto the dishes before being rinsed away. Co-polymers help to keep these particles suspended in the water, reducing the likelihood of redeposition and ensuring that the dishes remain clean throughout the wash cycle.

[0100] Co-polymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid function similarly to those of maleic acid and acrylic acid, acting as dispersants and scale inhibitors to prevent soil redeposition and scale formation from hard water minerals. Polycarboxylates, such as those based on polyacrylic acid, are also commonly used for their ability to bind to calcium and magnesium ions, thereby preventing the formation of insoluble salts that can lead to scale buildup. These polycarboxylates also help disperse soils and prevent them from redepositing on dishes.

[0101] Another type of co-polymer used is derived from maleic anhydride and styrene, which effectively inhibits scale formation and disperses particulate soils. These co-polymers help maintain the dishwasher's performance and the cleanliness of the dishes by preventing mineral deposits and keeping soil particles suspended in the wash water. Sulfonated copolymers, such as those made from sulfonated styrene and maleic anhydride, are known for their strong dispersing properties, keeping soils and food residues dispersed in the wash water and preventing them from settling back onto the dishes. They also enhance the solubility of other detergent components, improving overall cleaning efficiency.

[0102] Additionally, co-polymers of vinyl acetate and acrylic acid provide benefits similar to other dispersants and scale inhibitors, helping to prevent hard water scale and keep soils suspended in the wash water. Each of these co-polymers is chosen based on its specific properties and the desired performance characteristics of the dishwasher detergent. By incorporating these various co-polymers, detergent formulations can address a wide range of cleaning challenges, including hard water scale, soil dispersion, and soil redeposition, resulting in more effective and efficient dishwashing.

[0103] In one or more embodiments, the automatic dishwasher detergent composition further comprises:

[0104] - one or more corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion inhibitors are crucial components in automatic dishwasher detergents, designed to protect both the dishwasher and the items being washed from the damaging effects of corrosion. These inhibitors work by forming a protective barrier on the surfaces of metals, preventing them from reacting with water and detergent chemicals that can cause rust and degradation. Corrosion inhibitors in automatic dishwasher detergents typically constitute between 1% to 5% by weight of the overall composition. The specific amount of corrosion inhibitor used in a detergent formulation depends on the desired level of protection. Lower concentrations, around 1%, might be sufficient for formulations targeting basic protection needs, while higher concentrations, up to 5%, are typically used in formulations designed to offer enhanced protection, especially in areas with highly corrosive water conditions.

[0105] One common corrosion inhibitor used in dishwasher detergents is sodium silicate. Sodium silicate creates a protective layer on the surfaces of metal parts within the dishwasher, such as heating elements and stainless-steel interiors, as well as on metal utensils and cookware. This protective layer prevents the metal from coming into direct contact with water and other corrosive substances in the detergent, thereby reducing the risk of rust and corrosion. Sodium disilicate is also a corrosion inhibitor.

[0106] Another type of corrosion inhibitor often found in dishwasher detergents is phosphonates. Phosphonates are organic compounds that chelate metal ions, effectively sequestering them and preventing them from participating in corrosion reactions. By binding to metal ions, phosphonates protect metal surfaces from the oxidative effects of water and detergent ingredients, ensuring that both the dishwasher and the items inside remain in good condition.

[0107] Additionally, benzotriazole is sometimes used as a corrosion inhibitor, particularly for protecting copper and brass items. Benzotriazole forms a thin, invisible film on the surface of these metals, preventing oxidation and the subsequent formation of tarnish or corrosion. This ensures that copper and brass utensils maintain their appearance and functionality over time.

[0108] In one or more embodiments, the automatic dishwasher detergent composition further comprises:

[0109] - one or more fragrances.

[0110] Fragrances in automatic dishwasher detergents typically constitute between 0.1% to 1% by weight of the overall composition. These fragrances are added to enhance the user experience by providing a pleasant scent during and after the washing cycle. The primary role of fragrances in dishwasher detergents is to mask any unpleasant odors that might arise from food residues and detergent chemicals, ensuring that dishes not only look clean but also smell fresh.

[0111] The specific amount of fragrance used depends on the desired intensity of the scent and the formulation of the detergent. Lower concentrations, around 0.1%, may be sufficient to impart a subtle, clean smell, while higher concentrations, approaching 1%, are used in formulations aiming for a more pronounced fragrance.

[0112] The choice of fragrance is carefully formulated to ensure it does not interfere with the cleaning performance of the detergent or leave any unwanted residues on the dishes. Common fragrance notes used in dishwasher detergents include citrus, floral, and herbal scents, such as lemon, lavender, and eucalyptus. These scents are chosen for their association with cleanliness and freshness, providing a sensory cue that the dishes are thoroughly cleaned.

[0113] In addition to improving the scent of the washing process, fragrances can also have a psychological benefit. A pleasant-smelling detergent can enhance the overall perception of cleanliness and satisfaction with the product.

[0114] In one or more embodiments, the automatic dishwasher detergent composition further comprises:

[0115] - one or more preservatives.

[0116] Preservatives in automatic dishwasher detergents are essential for maintaining the product's stability and effectiveness over time. These chemicals prevent the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, mold, and yeast, which can proliferate in moist environments and compromise the detergent's quality. By inhibiting microbial growth, preservatives ensure that the detergent remains safe and effective throughout its shelf life.

[0117] Preservatives in automatic dishwasher detergents typically constitute between 0.1% to 1% by weight of the overall composition. The specific amount of preservative used depends on the detergent formulation and its susceptibility to microbial growth. Liquid and gel formulations, which have higher water content, are more prone to microbial contamination and may require preservatives closer to the 1% range. In contrast, powdered detergents, which contain less moisture, might only need around 0.1% preservative to maintain their stability.

[0118] Common preservatives used in dishwasher detergents include compounds like benzisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone. These substances are highly effective at low concentrations and work by disrupting the cellular processes of microorganisms, preventing their growth and reproduction. The inclusion of preservatives is particularly important for liquid and gel formulations, which are more prone to microbial contamination due to their higher water content.

[0119] In addition to preventing microbial growth, preservatives help maintain the integrity of the detergent's formulation. Without preservatives, the detergent could degrade over time, leading to changes in its consistency, efficacy, and appearance. This degradation can result in reduced cleaning performance and the potential for unpleasant odors.

[0120] In one or more embodiments, the carbohydrate moiety in the mono-ester glycolipid is selected from the group consisting of: maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, isomaltulose, lactulose, isomaltose, and mixtures thereof.

[0121] Preferably, the mono-ester glycolipid or mixture of mono-ester glycolipids comprises an unmodified carbohydrate moiety.

[0122] An unmodified carbohydrate is here defined as a carbohydrate in its closed form, whose functionalities, apart from the anomeric acetal / hemicacetal, only consist of hydroxyl groups and does not have any of these replaced, either naturally or chemically by another functionality, such as an amino, alkoxy, carboxylate, or acetyl group.

[0123] In one or more embodiments, the carbohydrate moiety in the mono-ester glycolipid is selected from the group consisting of: maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, and mixtures thereof.

[0124] In one or more embodiments, the mono-ester glycolipid or mixture of mono-ester glycolipids comprises a carbohydrate moiety selected from the group consisting of maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, isomaltulose, lactulose, and isomaltose.

[0125] The performance of a surfactant depends on the balance between the hydrophilicity of the head group and the hydrophobicity of the tail group. In the case of mono-ester glycolipids, this corresponds to the hydrophilicity of the carbohydrate moiety and the hydrophobicity of the hydrocarbon moiety. In the case of disaccharides, the solubility in water, and therefore hydrophilicity, varies by up to an order of magnitude (as seen in table below). This makes it non-trivial to predict whether the surfactants made from these different disaccharides would exhibit similar properties and be suitable as surfactants in automatic dishwasher detergent formulations.

[0126] In one or more embodiments, the mono-ester glycolipid comprises a lipid moiety derived from a diglyceride and / or triglyceride selected from a source consisting of: sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, olive oil, corn oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, tallow, lard, rice bran oil, coconut oil, linseed oil, palm oil, shea butter, shea butter oil, mango oil, Kalahari melon seed oil, almond oil, poppy seed oil, plum kernel oil, grapeseed oil, apricot kernel oil, and mixtures thereof. The most common fatty acids present in many of the above oils are oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid (as evident from the table below), why the lipid moiety will predominately be one of these four fatty acids.

[0127] The term "glyceride" (also known as acylglycerol) as used herein refers to a monoglyceride, diglyceride, triglyceride, or combinations thereof. They are esters formed from glycerol and fatty acids. The glyceride in the oil can comprise a plurality of fatty acids saturated, unsaturated. The term "triglyceride" as used herein refers to an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. The triglycerides of the present disclosure may be saturated or unsaturated. Similarly, the term "diglyceride" refers to an ester derived from glycerol and two fatty acids, and the term "monoglyceride" refers to an ester derived from glycerol and one fatty acid.

[0128] Preferably, the source of triglyceride is selected from a source consisting of: sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, olive oil, corn oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, tallow, lard, rice bran oil, coconut oil, linseed oil, palm oil, shea butter, shea butter oil, mango oil, and mixtures thereof.

[0129] The term "fatty acid" as used herein refers to a molecule that is derived from a triglyceride and is comprised of a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic tail (chain) which is either saturated or unsaturated. When not attached to other molecules, they are known as "free" fatty acids. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have a chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of fewer than six carbons. Medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of 6-12 carbons, which can form medium chain triglycerides. Long chain fatty acids (LCFA) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails 13 to 21 carbons. Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails longer than 22 carbons. In one example, the fatty acid or the ester thereof can comprise at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, or at least 20 carbon atoms. In some specific examples, the fatty acid or the ester thereof can contain 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, or 45 carbon atoms, where any of the stated values can form an upper or lower endpoint when appropriate. In other examples, the glyceride can comprise a mixture of fatty acids or the esters thereof having different ranges of carbon atoms.

[0130] In a preferred embodiment, the mono-ester glycolipid comprises a lipid moiety having a chain length within the range of C6-C26, saturated, or unsaturated with 1-6 double bonds, preferably 1-3 double bonds, such as 1-2 double bonds. More preferably, the chain length is within the range of C10-C18. More preferably the chain length is within the range of C16-C18.

[0131] In one or more embodiments, the mono-ester glycolipid or mixture of mono-ester glycolipids comprises a carbohydrate moiety being maltose, and wherein said mono-ester glycolipid comprises a lipid moiety derived from a diglyceride and / or triglyceride selected from a source of sunflower oil.

[0132] In one or more embodiments, the mono-ester glycolipid or mixture of mono-ester glycolipids comprises a carbohydrate moiety being maltose, and wherein said mono-ester glycolipid comprises a lipid moiety having a chain length within the range of C6-C26, saturated, or unsaturated with 1-6 double bonds. More preferably, the chain length is within the range of C10-C18. More preferably the chain length is within the range of C16- C18.

[0133] In one or more embodiments, the mono-ester glycolipid or mixture of mono-ester glycolipids comprises a carbohydrate moiety being maltose, and wherein said mono-ester glycolipid comprises a lipid moiety derived from a diglyceride and / or triglyceride selected from a source consisting of: sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, olive oil, corn oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, tallow, lard, rice bran oil, coconut oil, mango oil, Kalahari melon seed oil, almond oil, poppy seed oil, plum kernel oil, grapeseed oil, apricot kernel oil, linseed oil, palm oil, shea butter, shea butter oil, and mixtures thereof, preferably derived from sunflower oil.

[0134] A fifth aspect relates to a method for automatically cleaning dishes comprising the steps of:

[0135] - providing an automatic dishwasher detergent composition comprising a mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids;

[0136] - contacting dishes placed in an automatic dishwasher with the automatic dishwasher detergent composition at the main wash cycle during an automatic dishwashing process;

[0137] - optionally, contacting dishes placed in an automatic dishwasher with a rinse aid at a rinse cycle during the automatic dishwashing process; and

[0138] - allowing the dishes to dry.

[0139] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a process for producing mono-ester glycolipids, the process comprising the steps of:

[0140] (i) dispersing and / or solubilizing a carbohydrate in a polar organic solvent in a reaction vessel;

[0141] (ii) adding a diglyceride and / or triglyceride to said reaction vessel to form a starting mixture;

[0142] (iii) dispersing a lipase in said starting mixture under stirring;

[0143] Civ) performing a transesterification between said carbohydrate and said diglyceride and / or triglyceride at a temperature between 0-100 degrees Celsius to form a first liquid fraction comprising said polar organic solvent, mono-ester glycolipid, glycerol and mono-, di- and / or triglyceride, and a first solid fraction comprising lipase and optionally unreacted carbohydrate;

[0144] (v) separating the first liquid fraction from the first solid fraction; and

[0145] (vi) separating the mono-ester glycolipid from the first liquid fraction to form a second liquid fraction comprising mono-, di- and / or triglyceride and glycerol.

[0146] The concept is to use a lipase to catalyse a transesterification between a carbohydrate and a diglyceride and / or triglyceride to form a mono-ester glycolipid and a glyceride with one less fatty acid bound thereto (i.e., a monoglyceride or a diglyceride, respectively). Depending on the type of lipase, the diglyceride (diacylglycerol) may serve as a substrate for a new reaction with another carbohydrate molecule to form a mono-ester glycolipid and a monoglyceride. Again, depending on the used lipase, the monoglyceride (monoacylglycerol) may serve as a substrate for a new reaction with another carbohydrate molecule to form a mono-ester glycolipid and glycerol. In the present context, the term "transesterification" designates the chemical reaction in which the alkoxy group of an ester compound, i.e., the diglyceride and / or triglyceride (and optionally a later formed monoglyceride), is exchanged with another alkoxy group via the reaction of said ester with an alcohol, i.e., the carbohydrate, in presence of a catalyst, i.e., the lipase.

[0147] As each lipase shows different fatty acid specificity, it is important to select an appropriate lipase according to the fatty acid species of the glyceride. If non-regio specificity is wanted, i.e., all fatty acids may be cleaved / transferred from the glyceride, a lipase with non-regio specificity is selected. Suitable examples may e.g., be Candida antarctica B lipase, Lipase OF (origin from Candida rugosa), Lipase G (origin from Penicillum camembertii), Lipase AYS (origin from Candida rugosa), Lipase PS (origin from Burkholderia cepacia), Lipase AK (origin from Pseudomonas flourescens), Lipase AS (origin from Aspergillus niger), and Lipase M (origin from Mucor javanicus). If regio specificity is wanted, i.e., only some of the fatty acids may be cleaved / transferred from the glyceride, a lipase with regio specificity is selected. Suitable examples for 1,3-regio specificity may e.g., be Lipase F-AP15 (origin from Rhizopus oryzae), Lipase Newlase F3G (origin from Rhizopus niveus), Lipase R (origin from Penicillum roqueforti), Lipozyme RM-IM (origin from Rhizomucor miehei), Lipozyme TL-IM (origin from Thermomyces lanuginosus), and Pancreatic Lipase (origin from Porcine Pancreas).

[0148] In one or more embodiments, the lipase is selective for the 1-position, the 3-position or both positions in a glyceride. In one or more embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme selective for the 1-position, the 3- position or both positions is selected from Chromobacterium viscosum, dog gastric lipase, dog pancreatic lipase, Fusarium solani cutinase lipase, guinea pig pancreatic lipase, human gastric lipase, Humicola lanuginosus lipase, human pancreatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, Mucor miehei lipase, Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipase, Penicillium camemberti lipase, Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase, Pseudomonas glumae lipase, porcine pancreatic lipase, Penicillium simplicissimum lipase, Rhizopus arrhizus lipase, rabbit gastric lipase, Fusarium heterosporum lipase, Candida rugosa lipase, and variants thereof.

[0149] In one or more embodiments, the lipase is non-selective for the positions in a glyceride.

[0150] In one or more embodiments, the process further comprises the step (vii) of separating the mono-, di- and / or triglyceride from the second liquid fraction.

[0151] Monoglycerides are used as emulsifying agents in many food products, such as whipped cream, baked goods, and ice cream.

[0152] In one or more embodiments, the lipase is selective for the 1-position, and the 3-position in a glyceride, and wherein the process further comprises the step (vii) of separating the formed monoglyceride from the second liquid fraction.

[0153] Diglycerides are used as common food additives used to blend together certain ingredients, such as oil and water. Furthermore, both mono- and diglycerides are recommended as aerating agents and shelf-life extenders in bakery margarines and shortenings. They are also used as aerating agents in ice cream and imitation creams.

[0154] In one or more embodiments, a triglyceride is added to said reaction vessel, wherein the lipase is selective for the 1-position in a glyceride, and wherein the process further comprises the step (vii) of separating the formed diglyceride from the second liquid fraction.

[0155] In one or more embodiments, a triglyceride is added to said reaction vessel, wherein the lipase is selective for the 1,3-positions in a glyceride, and wherein the process further comprises the step (vii) of separating the formed diglyceride from the second liquid fraction.

[0156] It is anticipated that the lipolytic enzyme specificities mentioned above (both saturated / unsaturated specificity as well as 1,3 specificity) will be high at a low degree of conversion which will decrease concurrently with the depletion of the preferred substrate and the simultaneously increase of the less preferred substrate. Hence, it is preferred to run the reaction at low conversion in order to secure the highest possible specificity. It is an advantage in certain embodiments of the invention to make the best utility of all reaction products, even at low conversion rates of transesterification.

[0157] In one or more embodiments, the invention relates to a process, wherein the conversion in transesterification to mono-ester glycolipid and mono- or di-glyceride is below 5%, below 10%, below 15%, below 20%, below 25%, below 30%, below 35%, below 40%, below 45% or below 50%.

[0158] In one or more embodiments, the invention relates to a process, wherein the conversion in transesterification to mono-ester glycolipid and mono- or di-glyceride is at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, or at least 70%.

[0159] In one or more embodiments, the invention relates to a process, wherein the lipase is selective for saturated fatty acids, preferably a lipase selected from Candida antarctica lipase A, Fusarium oxysporum lipase, and variants thereof.

[0160] The separation method for purifying mono- or di-glyceride from the first liquid fraction may be selected from deodorization, distillation, evaporation, or any combination thereof. The presence of fatty acid esters or free fatty acids may be removed as the volatile fraction by deodorization, evaporation or distillation. This volatile fraction can further be separated into alcohol (optionally for reuse in step (I)) and the unreacted free fatty acid or fatty acid ester, which may be reused in step (VI). Deodorisation is essentially a steam distillation under vacuum and is well known in the art. A deodorizer may be operated at 0.15 mbar, 225° C. with steam dosage of 0.20% to 0.25% w / w per hour. Other modes of operation are known in the art, see e.g., 'Introduction to Fats and Oil Technology', Eds O'Brien, Farrr and Wan, AOCS Press, 2000 chapter 13.

[0161] The methods of distillation and evaporation are also known in the art. Evaporation units for oils are usually vapor distillation units, called deodorizers. For step (VIII) it is an embodiment to use distillation under high vacuum to minimize thermal damage. It is in certain embodiments of the invention preferred to use a system with multiple equilibrium stages to achieve a good separation. Other preferred embodiments include Falling film Molecular Distillators operated at pressures of 0.001 to 10 mmHg and temperatures of 140- 200 degrees Celsius, or Centrifugal Molecular Distillators which can operate at pressures around 0.001-10 mmHg and temperatures of 160- 240 degrees Celsius (both of these modes are described in detail in Batistella et al, Appl. Biotechn., vol. 98, 1149-1159, 2002). It is possible to use direct or indirect heating, and it is possible to operate in batch and / or continuous operation. The transesterification may preferably be performed at a temperature within the range of 20-95 degrees Celsius, depending on the optimal conditions for the lipase to work, such as within the range of 30-85 degrees Celsius, e.g., within the range of 40-75 degrees Celsius, such as within the range of 50-65 degrees Celsius, e.g., at about 60 degrees Celsius.

[0162] The transesterification may preferably be performed for a period in the range of a few minutes, such as five minutes, to several hours, such as 120 hours, depending on the reaction times of the used reactants.

[0163] Preferred solvents used in the transesterification reaction are tert-amyl alcohol, acetone, tert-butanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, and isoamyl alcohol.

[0164] Purification of the produced glycolipid may be done by standard methods, such as extraction, filtration through a mesoporous adsorbent or filter, affinity or adsorption based chromatographic methods with various solvents, distillation of possible remaining volatile solvents, and centrifugal isolation of precipitated product, by-products, or reactants.

[0165] Suitable solvents for chromatographic methods may e.g., be water, methanol, ethyl acetate, ethanol, pentane, hexane, heptane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane, tert-amyl alcohol and 1-propanol.

[0166] The disclosed production method for the mono-ester glycolipid is an exemplary, but preferred, method. Other methods are also contemplated by the present invention.

[0167] Another aspect relates to a mono-ester glycolipid produced by the process according to the present invention.

[0168] Yet another aspect relates to a mono- and / or diglyceride produced by the process according to the present invention.

[0169] It should be noted that embodiments and features described in the context of one of the aspects of the present invention also apply to the other aspects of the invention.

[0170] Examples

[0171] Example 1 - production of mono-ester glycolipids

[0172] Mono- or disaccharide was added to a stirring vessel together with the chosen solvent to make a 10% w / w dispersion. Oil was then added under stirring to achieve a molar ratio of 1: 1 for oil and saccharide. The lipase was added in a concentration of 10% w / w (compared to saccharide mass). The reaction mixture was heated to 60 degrees Celsius and stirred for 120 hours. Product formation was detected by TLC analysis and afterwards purified using column chromatography by eluting with DCM: MeOH.

[0173] Example of solvents tested and used: tert-amyl alcohol, acetone, tert-butanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, and isoamyl alcohol.

[0174] Example of lipases tested and used: Candida antarctica B lipase, Lipozyme RM-IM (origin from Rhizomucor miehei), Lipozyme TL-IM (origin from Thermomyces lanuginosus).

[0175] Mono-ester glycolipids have been synthesized based on maltose, sucrose, cellobiose, trehalose, galactose, and glucose. The other reactant was selected from sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, frying oil (i.e., a mixture of sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, and corn oil), and shea butter.

[0176] Example 2 - comparison of automatic dishwasher detergent compositions

[0177] The test method and cleaning performance is based on Center for Test materials BV's internal test method and is carried out based on the IKW Recommendations for the quality assessment of the Cleaning Performance of dishwasher detergents. A selection of Ready- To-Use test materials were used in this evaluation. The test materials are placed in a Miele GSL dishwasher at fixed positions in the upper and lower rack. A standard ballast load and soil is included to mimic consumer use conditions. Washes are performed with 2 internal and 2 external repeats. Water supply for all washes is controlled at < 2 °DH. During the entire test, the position of each test material is randomized in the dishwasher. The following test materials were used: DG-15 Lipstick, DM-46 Gravy, DM-91 Minced meat, DS-146 Heavily burnt on Gravy, DT-55 IKW kitchen and grease stain and the following Miele GSL program: nr 2; 55°C V| R55' I 8' / 20' / 30 KL65°. Furthermore, the ballast load was four lunch plates and four glasses on the upper rack and four plates (two dinner and two lunch) and a bowl on the lower rack.

[0178] A modified powder reference detergent GSM-D was used (see components in table below) where the surfactant was exchanged by 5 % w / w of one of the following products: Plurafac LF 403 (linear C12-C15 primary alcohol, ethoxylated and propoxylated), Lutensol AT 25 (alcohols C16-C18 ethoxylated), Dehypon GRA (modified fatty alcohol polyglycolether), Dehypon LS45 (fatty alcohol C12-C14 with approx. 4 moles EO and approx. 5 moles PO). These surfactants were benchmarked against a formulation with 4 % w / w active concentration of the novel SBS1 (mono-ester glycolipid with a carbohydrate moiety being maltose and a lipid moiety derived from sunflower oil consisting of the corresponding natural composition of oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid etc. The main constituent was oleic acid (6- and / or 6'-oleyl-maltose). All these samples (except SBS1) are currently used in commercially available auto dishwash detergents. Note that this laundry detergent formulation contains all relevant components in one powder formulations and is for the main washing cycle with the purpose of stain removal and not just as a rinse aid. In these tests, no rinse aids are used after either. The components of the formulations are shown below with percentage ranges. Note that there is no cosurfactant in the formulation, so the entire surfactant system is changed for each formulation, and it is therefore a test of whether SBS1 can completely 1: 1 replace surfactants currently used commercially for auto dishwashing at a lower concentration.

[0179] Results

[0180] It is seen from the below table, that SBS1 performs equal to all the commercially used surfactants even though it has a lower loading (4 % w / w vs. 5 % w / w). This shows that SBS1 can completely replace this important component and even reduce the surfactant loading. Furthermore, it outperforms some of the commercially used surfactants, such as plurafac LF403 for the stain types of lipstick and IKW kitchen and grease stain even at this lower loading. Note that since the stain removal is different depending on the type of surfactant, this is an important parameter for cleaning in the form of direct stain removal in an auto dishwash detergent.

[0181] High foaming has been observed to be a problem with sugar-based surfactants, such as APGs (US5602093A). However, no problems with foaming were experienced when SBS1 was used during the auto dishwash test.

Claims

Claims1. Use of a mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids in an automatic dishwasher detergent composition, said mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids being released during the main wash cycle; characterized in that said monoester glycolipid or mixture of mono-ester glycolipids comprises a carbohydrate moiety selected from the group consisting of maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, isomaltulose, lactulose, isomaltose, and mixtures thereof.

2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the mono-ester glycolipid comprises a lipid moiety having a chain length within the range of C10-C18, saturated, or unsaturated with 1-6 double bonds.

3. The use according to any one of the claims 1-2, wherein said mono-ester glycolipid or mixture of mono-ester glycolipids comprises a carbohydrate moiety selected from the group consisting of maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, and mixtures thereof.

4. The use according to any one of the claims 1-2, wherein said mono-ester glycolipid or mixture of mono-ester glycolipids comprises a carbohydrate moiety being maltose.

5. The use according to any one of the claims 1-4, wherein said mono-ester glycolipid comprises a lipid moiety derived from a diglyceride and / or triglyceride selected from a source consisting of: sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, olive oil, corn oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, tallow, lard, rice bran oil, coconut oil, linseed oil, mango oil, Kalahari melon seed oil, almond oil, poppy seed oil, plum kernel oil, grapeseed oil, apricot kernel oil, palm oil, shea butter, shea butter oil, and mixtures thereof.

6. An automatic dishwasher detergent composition comprising:- a mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids comprising a carbohydrate moiety selected from the group consisting of maltose, cellobiose, trehalose, isomaltulose, lactulose, isomaltose, and mixtures thereof; wherein said automatic dishwasher detergent composition is compounded to release said mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids during the main wash cycle.

7. The automatic dishwasher detergent composition according to claim 6, further comprising:- one or more enzymes selected from proteases, amylases, and lipases.

8. The automatic dishwasher detergent composition according to any one of the claims 6-7, further comprising:- one or more bleaching agents.

9. The automatic dishwasher detergent composition according to any one of the claims 6-8, further comprising:- one or more corrosion inhibitors.

10. A method for automatically cleaning dishes comprising the steps of: - providing an automatic dishwasher detergent composition comprising a mono-ester glycolipid or a mixture of mono-ester glycolipids;- contacting dishes placed in an automatic dishwasher with the automatic dishwasher detergent composition at the main wash cycle during an automatic dishwashing process;- optionally, contacting dishes placed in an automatic dishwasher with a rinse aid at a rinse cycle during the automatic dishwashing process; and- allowing the dishes to dry.

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