Apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing, and display apparatus
The apparatus integrates light and temperature sensors with differential signal processing and calibration to provide precise ambient light and temperature measurements, improving display technology performance and user experience.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/115812
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing display technologies lack efficient integration of temperature and light sensing capabilities, leading to inaccuracies in ambient light and temperature measurements, which affect user experience and device performance.
An apparatus incorporating a light sensor with sensing and reference transistors, analog-to-digital converters, and processors to calculate ambient light brightness by differentiating output signals, and a temperature sensor using a conductive wire voltage divider for precise temperature measurement, with calibration mechanisms to ensure accuracy.
Enables real-time, accurate ambient light and temperature sensing, allowing for dynamic adjustments in display settings to enhance user experience and device performance.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024115812_05032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
APPARATUS FOR TEMPERATURE SENSING AND LIGHT SENSING, AND DISPLAY APPARATUSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to display technology, more particularly, to an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing and a display apparatus.BACKGROUND
[0002] The rapid advancement in smart home technology has led to an increased demand for intelligent and interactive devices that enhance user experience. For example, televisions, as central components of many households, have evolved beyond simple display devices to multifunctional smart hubs. Integrating advanced sensors and sophisticated algorithms, these smart screens now have the capability to monitor and interact with their environment, providing users with real-time data and control over various aspects of their home environment.SUMMARY
[0003] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing, comprising a light sensor; wherein the light sensor comprises a sensing transistor configured to output a first output signal and a reference transistor configured to output a second output signal; wherein the first output signal is affected by ambient light brightness, a temperature of the apparatus, and backlight brightness; the second output signal is affected by the temperature of the apparatus and the backlight brightness; and a difference between the first output signal and the second output signal represents the ambient light brightness.
[0004] Optionally, the apparatus further comprises a black matrix; wherein ambient light is substantially blocked by the black matrix from irradiating on the reference transistor; and ambient light to the sensing transistor is at least partially not blocked.
[0005] Optionally, the light sensor further comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter and one or more processors; and wherein the one or more processors are configured to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal, configured to determine the ambient light brightness in real time.
[0006] Optionally, the light sensor further comprises a sensing resistor and a reference resistor; wherein a first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to a drain electrode of the sensing transistor; a first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to a drain electrode of the reference transistor; second terminals of the sensing resistor and the reference resistor are configured to be provided with a same voltage signal; source electrodes of the sensing transistor and the reference transistor are configured to be provided with a same voltage signal; and gate electrodes of the sensing transistor and the reference transistor are configured to be provided with a same voltage signal.
[0007] Optionally, the light sensor further comprises a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a first analog-to-digital converter, and a second analog-to-digital converter; wherein a drain electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter; a source electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors, and a gate electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to ground; a drain electrode of the reference transistor is connected to the second analog-to-digital converter, a source electrode of the reference transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors, and a gate electrode of the reference transistor is connected to ground; a first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the sensing transistor, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to ground; and a first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the reference transistor, and a second terminal of the reference resistor is connected to ground.
[0008] Optionally, the first analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor, configured to convert the first output signal into a first digital signal, and configured to transmit the first digital signal to the one or more processors; the second analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a second output signal from the drain electrode of the reference transistor, configured to convert the second output signal into a second digital signal, and configured to transmit the second digital signal to the one or more processors; and the one or more processors are configured to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal, configured to calculate a difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and configured to compare the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal with a standard waveform to obtain real-time ambient light brightness.
[0009] Optionally, the light sensor further comprises a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a first analog-to-digital converter, and a second analog-to-digital converter; wherein a drain electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter, a source electrode and a gate electrode of the sensing transistor are connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors; a drain electrode of the reference transistor is connected to the second analog-to-digital converter, a source electrode and a gate electrode of the reference transistor are connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors; a first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the sensing transistor, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal; and a first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the reference transistor, and a second terminal of the reference resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal.
[0010] Optionally, the first analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor, configured to convert the first output signal into a first digital signal, and configured to transmit the first digital signal to the one or more processors; the second analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a second output signal from the drain electrode of the reference transistor, configured to convert the second output signal into a second digital signal, and configured to transmit the second digital signal to the one or more processors; and the one or more processors are configured to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal, configured to calculate a difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and configured to compare the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal with a standard waveform to obtain real-time ambient light brightness.
[0011] Optionally, the light sensor further comprises a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a differential amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter; wherein a drain electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, a source electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors, and a gate electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to ground; a drain electrode of the reference transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, a source electrode of the reference transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors, and a gate electrode of the reference transistor is connected to ground; a first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the sensing transistor, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to ground; and a first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the reference transistor, and a second terminal of the reference resistor is connected to ground.
[0012] Optionally, the differential amplifier is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor and a second output signal from the drain electrode of the reference transistor, configured to calculate a difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, configured to generate an amplified difference signal based on the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, and configured to transmit the amplified difference signal to the analog-to-digital converter; the analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive the amplified difference signal from the differential amplifier, configured to convert the amplified difference signal into a digital signal, and configured to transmit the digital signal to the one or more processors; and the one or more processors are configured to receive the digital signal, thereby obtaining real-time ambient light brightness.
[0013] Optionally, the light sensor further comprises a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a differential amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter; wherein a drain electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, a source electrode and a gate electrode of the sensing transistor Ts are connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors; a drain electrode of the reference transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, a source electrode and a gate electrode of the reference transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors; a first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the sensing transistor, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal; and a first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the reference transistor, and a second terminal of the reference resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal.
[0014] Optionally, the differential amplifier is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor and a second output signal from the drain electrode of the reference transistor, configured to calculate a difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, configured to generate an amplified difference signal based on the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, and configured to transmit the amplified difference signal to the analog-to-digital converter; the analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive the amplified difference signal from the differential amplifier, configured to convert the amplified difference signal into a digital signal, and configured to transmit the digital signal to the one or more processors; and the one or more processors are configured to receive the digital signal, thereby obtaining real-time ambient light brightness.
[0015] Optionally, the one or more processors are configured to receive a start signal from a timing controller, the start signal is used as an alignment signal for the pulse width modulation signal.
[0016] Optionally, the apparatus further comprises a temperature sensor; wherein the temperature sensor comprises a conductive wire configured to receive an input voltage; a reference resistor connected in series with the conductive wire; and one or more processors; wherein the conductive wire and the reference resistor form a voltage divider; and the one or more processors are configured to obtain an output voltage from the voltage divider.
[0017] Optionally, the apparatus further comprises an apparatus for calibrating the temperature sensor and the light sensor; wherein the apparatus for calibrating the temperature sensor and the light sensor comprises one or more light and temperature collectors; the one or more processors are configured to derive a calculated real-time temperature and configured to compare the calculated real-time temperature to a measured real-time temperature, thereby calibrating the temperature sensor.
[0018] Optionally, the one or more processors are configured to derive a calculated real-time temperature according to:
[0019] wherein Vout@ (t+N) ℃ stands for a value of the output voltage at temperature (t+N) ℃; r0@ (t+N℃) stands for a value of a resistance of the reference resistor at temperature (t+N) ℃; r1@ (t+N) ℃ stands for a value of a resistance of the temperature sensor at temperature (t+N) ℃; and VCCreal-time stands for a value of the input voltage applied to the temperature sensor.
[0020] Optionally, the apparatus for calibrating the temperature sensor and the light sensor comprises a lighting device, a light source, and an ambient temperature sensor; wherein the lighting device is configured to be in communication with the light source, the ambient temperature sensor, and the one or more processors P, through an interface protocol; the lighting device is configured to collect temperature data from the ambient temperature sensor via the interface protocol, and configured to transmit the value of the ambient temperature to the one or more processors via the interface protocol; the one or more processors are configured to store the value of the ambient temperature, and configured to calibrate the temperature sensor based on the value of the ambient temperature; the lighting device is configured to transmit a switching command to the light source to control the brightness of the light source, and configured to transmit a value of current luminance to a corresponding register in the one or more processors; and the one or more processors are configured to calibrate the light sensor.
[0021] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a display apparatus, comprising the apparatus described herein, and a display panel.
[0022] Optionally, the display apparatus further comprises a timing controller and an integrated circuit; wherein the integrated circuit is configured to store multiple sets of overdrive tables; the timing controller is configured to read the overdrive tables from the integrated circuit and apply them to the display panel; and the one or more processors are configured to read temperature data from the temperature sensor and transmit the temperature data to the timing controller.
[0023] Optionally, the display apparatus further comprises an integrated circuit, a power consumption acquisition module configured to obtain power consumption data, and a System on Chip; wherein the one or more processors are configured to process temperature data, backlight brightness data, and power consumption data to calculate the ambient temperature; and the one or more processors are configured to transmit processed ambient temperature data to the System on Chip via an interface protocol.
[0024] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0025] The following drawings are merely examples for illustrative purposes according to various disclosed embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0026] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a conductive wire of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a conductive wire of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 4C is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a conductive wire of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 4D is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a conductive wire of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 4E is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a conductive wire of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 5A illustrates distribution of a conductive wire of a temperature sensor in a display panel in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 5B illustrates distribution of a conductive wire of a temperature sensor in a display panel in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 6 illustrates a mechanism of light sensing in an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 12 is an exemplary characteristic curve of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 13 is an exemplary characteristic curve of a light sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 14 illustrates an apparatus for calibrating a temperature sensor and a light sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 15 illustrates a calibration curve for a light sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 16 illustrates a calibration process in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 17 illustrates a communication process according to an I2C interface protocol in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 18 depicts a format of an I2C interface protocol in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 19 depicts an exemplary I2C interface communication.
[0050] FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system of temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 21 illustrates a correlation between temperature ranges and overdrive tables in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 22 illustrates various factors that affect a temperature of a display panel in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0053] FIG. 23 illustrates effects of a back light temperature on a temperature of a display panel in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0054] FIG. 24 illustrates effects of an ambient temperature on a temperature of a display panel in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 25 illustrates effects of a drive circuit energy consumption on a temperature of a display panel in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0056] FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a system comprising the apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0057] FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a system comprising the apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0058] FIG. 28 illustrates a correlation between luminance ranges and automatic brightness control tables in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0059] FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system of temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.
[0060] FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system of temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0061] The disclosure will now be described more specifically with reference to the following embodiments. It is to be noted that the following descriptions of some embodiments are presented herein for purpose of illustration and description only. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to be limited to the precise form disclosed.
[0062] The present disclosure provides, inter alia, an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing and a display apparatus that substantially obviate one or more of the problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing. In some embodiments, the apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing includes a light sensor. In some embodiments, the light sensor comprises a sensing transistor configured to output a first output signal and a reference transistor configured to output a second output signal. Optionally, the first output signal is affected by ambient light brightness, a temperature of the apparatus, and backlight brightness. Optionally, the second output signal is affected by the temperature of the apparatus and the backlight brightness. Optionally, a difference between the first output signal and the second output signal represents the ambient light brightness.
[0063] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1, the apparatus includes a temperature sensor TS and a light sensor LS. In some embodiments, the temperature sensor TS is configured to operate based on a linear variation characteristic of resistance with temperature. The structure includes a loop of wire (e.g., copper wire) arranged around the screen. In some embodiments, one or more processors (e.g., a microcontroller unit MCU) is configured to collect a voltage divider change in resistance to achieve temperature sensing. In one example, the temperature sensor TS, combined with a processor (such as a system-on-chip) , can achieve source drive and gate high voltage switching at different temperatures.
[0064] In some embodiments, the light sensor LS is configured to operate based on the characteristic that an off current of one or more transistors varies with illumination. The light sensor LS in some embodiment includes a sensing transistor Ts and a reference transistor Tr. The one or more processors (e.g., the microcontroller unit MCU) is configured to generate and transmit a pulse width modulation signal to a source electrode S of the sensing transistor Ts or the reference transistor Tr, and configured to collect an off current from a drain electrode D of the sensing transistor Ts or the reference transistor Tr. By subtracting the reference transistor Tr’s value from the sensing transistor Ts’s value, light sensing is achieved. In one example, the light sensor LS, combined with a processor (such as a system-on-chip) , can adjust the backlight brightness according to different ambient light levels.
[0065] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, in some embodiments, the temperature sensor TS includes a conductive wire (e.g., copper wire) . In one example, a loop of conductive wire (e.g., a loop of copper wire) is arranged on the display panel DP, utilizing the linear variation of copper resistance with temperature. The conductive wire’s resistance changes linearly with temperature. An input voltage VCC is applied to the resistance, and it is connected in series with a reference resistor R0 to ground. The temperature sensor TS and the reference resistor R0 form a voltage divider. The temperature is obtained by collecting an output voltage Vout from the voltage divider by one or more processor P (e.g., a microcontroller unit MCU) . The output voltage Vout is dependent on the resistance of TS and thus on the temperature.
[0066] The conductive wire of the temperature sensor TS may have various appropriate shapes. FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a conductive wire of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 4A, the conductive wire in some embodiments includes a straight line. A straight-line configuration is suitable for situations with ample space and fewer wiring constraints. FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a conductive wire of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 4B, the conductive wire in some embodiments includes a square wave line. The square wave line includes a series of parallel and perpendicular segments forming a square wave pattern. The square wave line is conducive to achieving an increased resistance in a limited space, enhancing sensing precision. FIG. 4C is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a conductive wire of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 4C, the conductive wire in some embodiments includes a zig-zag line. In one example, the zig-zag line is a V-shaped zig-zag line. The zig-zag line is conducive to achieving an increased resistance in a limited space, enhancing sensing precision. FIG. 4D is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a conductive wire of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 4D, the conductive wire in some embodiments includes a grid. The grid-configuration is typically used for large-area temperature sensing. The grid-configuration is conducive to achieving even distribution and stable temperature measurement. FIG. 4E is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a conductive wire of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 4E, the conductive wire in some embodiments includes a curved line, e.g., a wavy line or a line having a spiral shape. The curved line is suitable for complex-shaped display panels. In some embodiments, the conductive wire includes a combination of two or more of the shapes depicted in FIG. 4A to FIG. 4E.
[0067] FIG. 5A illustrates distribution of a conductive wire of a temperature sensor in a display panel in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 5A, in one example, the conductive wire of the temperature sensor TS includes a square wave line. In some embodiments, the conductive wire of the temperature sensor TS is distributed on three sides of a display panel in a uniform manner. The uniform distribution in the display panel ensures that the temperature of most of the screen area is uniformly sensed.
[0068] FIG. 5B illustrates distribution of a conductive wire of a temperature sensor in a display panel in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 5B, in one example, the conductive wire of the temperature sensor TS has a non-uniform distribution. In some embodiments, the conductive wire of the temperature sensor TS includes a first portion and a second portion. In one example, the first portion of the conductive wire includes a square wave line; and the second portion of the conductive wire includes a straight line. The second portion at least partially extends through an area having gate drivers and / or gate line circuitry. In one example, the area is significantly affected by the heating from a scan circuit such as a gate-on-array. By having the second portion including the straight line, the temperature sensor TS’s exposure to heating from the scan circuit can be reduced.
[0069] FIG. 6 illustrates a mechanism of light sensing in an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the light sensor is configured to detect light by utilizing the characteristic that an off current of a transistor varies with illumination. Referring to FIG. 6, the apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments includes a sensing transistor Ts and a reference transistor Tr. Ambient light to the reference transistor Tr is substantially (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) blocked by a black matrix, whereas ambient light to the sensing transistor Ts is at least partially (e.g., at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%) not blocked. A first output signal from the sensing transistor Ts is denoted as W in FIG. 6, and a second output signal from the reference transistor Tr is denoted as D in FIG. 6. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that the first output signal W of the sensing sensor Ts is influenced by ambient light brightness, temperature, and backlight brightness, while the second output signal D from the reference transistor Tr is influenced by temperature and backlight brightness. Thus, a difference between the first output signal W and the second output signal D represents the ambient light brightness.
[0070] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing includes a light sensor LS, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, a first processor P1, and optionally a second processor P2 (e.g., a system-on-chip) . Various appropriate processors may be implemented as the first processor P1 and / or the second processor P2. For example, the first processor P1 and / or the second processor P2 can be any suitable existing processors, such as commercially available microcontrollers or system-on-chip devices, capable of performing the functions described.
[0071] In some embodiments, the light sensor LS is configured to receive a driving signal from the first processor P1, and configured to output the first output signal W and the second output signal D to the analog-to-digital converter ADC.
[0072] In some embodiments, the analog-to-digital converter ADC is configured to convert the first output signal W and the second output signal D into a first digital signal and a second digital signal, respectively, and configured to output the first digital signal and the second digital signal to the first processor P1.
[0073] In some embodiments, the first processor P1 is configured to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal, configured to calculate a difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and configured to compare the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal with a standard waveform to obtain real-time ambient light brightness. The first processor P1 is configured to perform differential calculation on the first digital signal and the second digital signal to eliminate interference from temperature and backlight brightness, obtaining the true ambient light brightness.
[0074] In some embodiments, the second processor P2 is configured to interact with the first processor P1 to achieve ambient light brightness acquisition. The second processor P2 is configured to receive processed light brightness data for adjusting screen backlight brightness or other related applications.
[0075] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 8, the apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments includes a sensing transistor Ts, a reference transistor Tr, a sensing resistor Rs, a reference resistor Rr, a first analog-to-digital converter ADC1, a second analog-to-digital converter ADC2, and one or more processors P (e.g., the microcontroller unit) .
[0076] In some embodiments, a drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter ADC1, a source electrode of the sensing transistor Ts is connected to the one or more processors P and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from the one or more processors, and a gate electrode of the sensing transistor Ts is connected to ground.
[0077] In some embodiments, a drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr is connected to the second analog-to-digital converter ADC2, a source electrode of the reference transistor Tr is connected to the one or more processors P and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from the one or more processors, and a gate electrode of the reference transistor Tr is connected to ground.
[0078] In some embodiments, a first terminal of the sensing resistor Rs is connected to the drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor Rs is connected to ground.
[0079] In some embodiments, a first terminal of the reference resistor Rr is connected to the drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr, and a second terminal of the reference resistor Rr is connected to ground.
[0080] In some embodiments, the first analog-to-digital converter ADC1 is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts, configured to convert the first output signal into a first digital signal, and configured to transmit the first digital signal to the one or more processors P.
[0081] In some embodiments, the second analog-to-digital converter ADC2 is configured to receive a second output signal from the drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr, configured to convert the second output signal into a second digital signal, and configured to transmit the second digital signal to the one or more processors P.
[0082] In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are configured to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal, configured to calculate a difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and configured to compare the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal with a standard waveform to obtain real-time ambient light brightness.
[0083] In some embodiments, the first output signal is an off-current from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts; and the second output signal is an off-current from the drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr. In some embodiments, the one or more processors P includes a microcontroller unit configured to generate the pulse width modulation signal PWM.
[0084] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 9, the apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments includes a sensing transistor Ts, a reference transistor Tr, a sensing resistor Rs, a reference resistor Rr, a first analog-to-digital converter ADC1, a second analog-to-digital converter ADC2, and one or more processors P (e.g., the microcontroller unit) .
[0085] In some embodiments, a drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter ADC1, a source electrode and a gate electrode of the sensing transistor Ts are connected to the one or more processors P and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from the one or more processors P.
[0086] In some embodiments, a drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr is connected to the second analog-to-digital converter ADC2, a source electrode and a gate electrode of the reference transistor Tr are connected to the one or more processors P and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from the one or more processors P.
[0087] In some embodiments, a first terminal of the sensing resistor Rs is connected to the drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor Rs is configured to receive a reference voltage signal V0.
[0088] In some embodiments, a first terminal of the reference resistor Rr is connected to the drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr, and a second terminal of the reference resistor Rr is configured to receive a reference voltage signal V0.
[0089] In some embodiments, the first analog-to-digital converter ADC1 is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts, configured to convert the first output signal into a first digital signal, and configured to transmit the first digital signal to the one or more processors P.
[0090] In some embodiments, the second analog-to-digital converter ADC2 is configured to receive a second output signal from the drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr, configured to convert the second output signal into a second digital signal, and configured to transmit the second digital signal to the one or more processors P.
[0091] In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are configured to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal, configured to calculate a difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and configured to compare the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal with a standard waveform to obtain real-time ambient light brightness.
[0092] In some embodiments, the first output signal is an off-current from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts; and the second output signal is an off-current from the drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr. In some embodiments, the one or more processors P includes a microcontroller unit configured to generate the pulse width modulation signal PWM.
[0093] In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are configured to receive a start signal STV from a timing controller TCON. The start signal STV is introduced to the one or more processors P as an alignment signal for the pulse width modulation signal PWM. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having the start signal STV as the alignment signal for the pulse width modulation signal PWM, interference from each frame's clock signal on the light sensor can be avoided. In some embodiments, when outputting the first output signal and the second output signal, a rising edge of the start signal STV is used as a marker, delayed by n milliseconds, n being a positive integer. In one example, n = 50.
[0094] In some embodiments, gate electrodes of the sensing transistor Ts and the reference transistor Tr are configured to be provided with the pulse width modulation signal PWM to raise the output voltage, avoiding negative voltage issue cause by signal jittering.
[0095] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 10, the apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments includes a sensing transistor Ts, a reference transistor Tr, a sensing resistor Rs, a reference resistor Rr, a differential amplifier AMP, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, and one or more processors P (e.g., a timing controller or a field programmable gate array) .
[0096] In some embodiments, a drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts is connected to the differential amplifier AMP, a source electrode of the sensing transistor Ts is connected to the one or more processors P and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from the one or more processors P, and a gate electrode of the sensing transistor Ts is connected to ground.
[0097] In some embodiments, a drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr is connected to the differential amplifier AMP, a source electrode of the reference transistor Tr is connected to the one or more processors P and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from the one or more processors P, and a gate electrode of the reference transistor Tr is connected to ground.
[0098] In some embodiments, a first terminal of the sensing resistor Rs is connected to the drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor Rs is connected to ground.
[0099] In some embodiments, a first terminal of the reference resistor Rr is connected to the drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr, and a second terminal of the reference resistor Rr is connected to ground.
[0100] In some embodiments, the differential amplifier AMP is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts and a second output signal from the drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr, configured to calculate a difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, configured to generate an amplified difference signal based on the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, and configured to transmit the amplified difference signal to the analog-to-digital converter ADC.
[0101] In some embodiments, the analog-to-digital converter ADC is configured to receive the amplified difference signal from the differential amplifier AMP, configured to convert the amplified difference signal into a digital signal, and configured to transmit the digital signal to the one or more processors P.
[0102] In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are configured to receive the digital signal, thereby obtaining real-time ambient light brightness.
[0103] In some embodiments, the first output signal is an off-current from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts; and the second output signal is an off-current from the drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr. In some embodiments, the one or more processors P includes a timing controller or a field programmable gate array.
[0104] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 11, the apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments includes a sensing transistor Ts, a reference transistor Tr, a sensing resistor Rs, a reference resistor Rr, a differential amplifier AMP, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, and one or more processors P (e.g., a timing controller or a field programmable gate array) .
[0105] In some embodiments, a drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts is connected to the differential amplifier AMP, a source electrode and a gate electrode of the sensing transistor Ts are connected to the one or more processors P and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from the one or more processors P.
[0106] In some embodiments, a drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr is connected to the differential amplifier AMP, a source electrode and a gate electrode of the reference transistor Tr is connected to the one or more processors P and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from the one or more processors P.
[0107] In some embodiments, a first terminal of the sensing resistor Rs is connected to the drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor Rs is configured to receive a reference voltage signal V0.
[0108] In some embodiments, a first terminal of the reference resistor Rr is connected to the drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr, and a second terminal of the reference resistor Rr is configured to receive a reference voltage signal V0.
[0109] In some embodiments, the differential amplifier AMP is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts and a second output signal from the drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr, configured to calculate a difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, configured to generate an amplified difference signal based on the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, and configured to transmit the amplified difference signal to the analog-to-digital converter ADC.
[0110] In some embodiments, the analog-to-digital converter ADC is configured to receive the amplified difference signal from the differential amplifier AMP, configured to convert the amplified difference signal into a digital signal, and configured to transmit the digital signal to the one or more processors P.
[0111] In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are configured to receive the digital signal, thereby obtaining real-time ambient light brightness.
[0112] In some embodiments, the first output signal is an off-current from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor Ts; and the second output signal is an off-current from the drain electrode of the reference transistor Tr. In some embodiments, the one or more processors P includes a timing controller TCON or a field programmable gate array FPGA.
[0113] In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are configured to generate or receive a start signal STV. The start signal STV is used as an alignment signal for the pulse width modulation signal PWM. The inventors of the present disclosure discover that, by having the start signal STV as the alignment signal for the pulse width modulation signal PWM, interference from each frame's clock signal on the light sensor can be avoided. In some embodiments, when outputting the first output signal and the second output signal, a rising edge of the start signal STV is used as a marker, delayed by n milliseconds, n being a positive integer. In one example, n = 50.
[0114] To ensure the accuracy of optical and temperature sensors, each screen needs to be calibrated due to process variations that cause fluctuations in the sensor characteristic curves, affecting the final reading accuracy. FIG. 12 is an exemplary characteristic curve of a temperature sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 12, the characteristic curve of the temperature sensor is a slope line. FIG. 13 is an exemplary characteristic curve of a light sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 13, the characteristic curve of the light sensor is similar to a parabolic curve.
[0115] FIG. 14 illustrates an apparatus for calibrating a temperature sensor and a light sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 14, the apparatus for calibrating the temperature sensor and the light sensor in some embodiments includes one or more processors P and one or more light and temperature collectors LTC. In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are configured to drive image display in the display panel DP, and configured to control temperature sensing and light sensing. In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are connected to a light source via a fixed interface protocol (e.g., an I2C interface protocol) , allowing real-time commands to adjust the light source brightness.
[0116] In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are configured to lift up or lower at least one of the one or more light and temperature collectors LTC. When the display panel DP is conveyed to a target station, the one or more light and temperature collectors LTC moves (e.g., descends) to one or more positions proximal to a light sensor or a temperature sensor in the display panel DP, respectively. In some embodiments, the apparatus for calibrating a temperature sensor and a light sensor further includes a curtain substantially surrounding a light and temperature collector of the one or more light and temperature collectors LTC, creating a dark environment to ensure accurate readings from the light sensor.
[0117] In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more light and temperature collectors LTC includes a light source configured to provide controllable lighting conditions to calibrate the light sensor.
[0118] In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more light and temperature collectors LTC includes a thermometer, e.g., located near the curtain, configured to collect real-time ambient temperature to ensure accurate calibration of the temperature sensor.
[0119] Referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 14, in some embodiments, the one or more processors P are configured to calculate a temperature coefficient of resistance. The temperature coefficient of resistance indicates a relative change in resistance (or resistivity) per degree rise in temperature. The temperature sensor TS has a resistance R1.
[0120] In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are configured to collect a value of an output voltage Vout from the voltage divider, and configured to collect real time data of an input voltage VCC applied to the temperature sensor TS.
[0121] In some embodiments, the value of the output voltage Vout at temperature t℃ is expressed as:
[0122] wherein Vout@t℃ stands for the value of the output voltage Vout at temperature t℃; r0@t℃ stands for a value of a resistance of the reference resistor R0 at temperature t℃; r1@t℃ stands for a value of the resistance R1 of the temperature sensor TS at temperature t℃; and VCCreal-time stands for a value of the input voltage VCC applied to the temperature sensor TS.
[0123] In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are configured to calculate the value of the resistance R1 of the temperature sensor TS at temperature t℃ according to Equation (1) .
[0124] In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are further configured to calibrate the temperature sensor TS. In one example, an external temperature is (t+N) ℃.
[0125] A value of a resistance of the reference resistor R0 at temperature (t+N) ℃ is expressed as:
[0126] r1@ (t+N) ℃=r1@t℃ x (1+ (N ×TCR1) ) ;
[0127] wherein r1@ (t+N℃) stands for a value of a resistance of the resistance R1 of the temperature sensor TS at temperature (t+N) ℃; r1@t℃ stands for a value of a resistance of the resistance R1 of the temperature sensor TS at temperature t℃; TCR1 stands for a temperature coefficient of resistance for the resistance R1 of the temperature sensor TS.
[0128] A value of a resistance of the reference resistor R0 at temperature (t+N) ℃ is expressed as:
[0129] r0@ (t+N) ℃=r0@t℃ x (1+ (N ×TCR2) ) ;
[0130] wherein r0@ (t+N) ℃ stands for a value of a resistance of the reference resistor R0 at temperature (t+N) ℃; r0@t℃ stands for a value of a resistance of the reference resistor R0 at temperature t℃; TCR2 stands for a temperature coefficient of resistance for the reference resistor R0.
[0131] In some embodiments, the value of the output voltage Vout at temperature (t+N) ℃is expressed as:
[0132] wherein Vout@ (t+N) ℃ stands for the value of the output voltage Vout at temperature (t+N) ℃; r0@ (t+N℃) stands for a value of a resistance of the reference resistor R0 at temperature (t+N) ℃; r1@ (t+NN) ℃ stands for a value of the resistance R1 of the temperature sensor TS at temperature (t+N) ℃; and VCCreal-time stands for a value of the input voltage VCC applied to the temperature sensor TS.
[0133] In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are configured to derive a calculated real-time temperature according to Equation (2) , and configured to compare the calculated real-time temperature to a measured real-time temperature, thereby calibrating the temperature sensor TS.
[0134] In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are further configured to calibrate the light sensor. FIG. 15 illustrates a calibration curve for a light sensor in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 15, the curve shows a correlation between a difference signal DS and luminance. The difference signal DS is a difference between a first digital signal and a second digital signal output received by the one or more processors P. Luminance is a value measured in real time.
[0135] Referring to FIG. 15, N number of data points are collected, luminance values and corresponding values of difference signals for the data points are recorded. The larger the N number of data points, the more accurate the curve simulation. In one example, two data points are collected and recorded, including a first data point (a, A) and a second data point (b, B) , wherein a and b are luminance values, and A and B are corresponding values of difference signals.
[0136] In one particular example, a segment between two points (a, A) and (b, B) can be considered a straight-line segment. The straight-line segment can be expressed as Y = Kx + m, wherein K is a slope of the straight-line segment, and m is an intercept. By substituting the coordinates of the two known points, the values of K and m can be obtained: m=A-K×a (4) ;
[0137] wherein a and b are luminance values, and A and B are corresponding values of difference signals.
[0138] Once the values of K and m are determined, real time luminance can be determined according to:
[0139] wherein L stands for a real-time value of luminance; DSRT stands for a value of difference signal obtained in real time.
[0140] FIG. 16 illustrates a calibration process in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 16, in the calibration process, a lighting device LD is configured to be in communication with a light source LSC, an ambient temperature sensor ATS, and one or more processors P, through an interface protocol (e.g., an I2C interface protocol) . The light source LSC is configured to provide controllable lighting conditions. The ambient temperature sensor ATS is configured to monitor ambient temperature, and configured to transmit the value of the ambient temperature to the lighting device LD. The one or more processors P are configured to perform data calculation and calibration. The light sensor LS and the temperature sensor TS are configured to perform real-time detection of light and temperature.
[0141] In some embodiments, the lighting device LD is configured to collect temperature data from the ambient temperature sensor ATS via the I2C interface protocol, and configured to transmit the value of the ambient temperature to the one or more processors P via the I2C interface protocol. The one or more processors P are configured to store the value of the ambient temperature. The one or more processors P are further configured to calibrate the temperature sensor TS based on the value of the ambient temperature.
[0142] In some embodiments, the lighting device LD is configured to transmit a switching command to the light source LSC to control the brightness of the light source LSC, and configured to transmit a value of current luminance to a corresponding register in the one or more processors P. The one or more processors P are configured to calculate values of K and m of a curve segment, as discussed above, thereby calibrating the light sensor LS.
[0143] FIG. 17 illustrates a communication process according to an I2C interface protocol in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 17, the I2C communication is used to transfer data and control commands between the one or more processors P and the lighting device LD. In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are configured to provide specific register addresses for storing collected luminance values and calculation results. The lighting device LD is configured to transmit the switching commands to the light source LSC and transmit the luminance value to the corresponding register of the one or more processors P. After receiving the switching command, the one or more processors P are configured to collect the values of the difference signals corresponding to the current luminance value. The one or more processors P are configured to calculate values of K and m of a curve segment, as discussed above, thereby calibrating the light sensor LS.
[0144] FIG. 18 depicts a format of an I2C interface protocol in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 18, S denotes a start signal, Device ID may range from 0x01 to 0x02 (7-bit) . The Memory Address represents luminance indicators. Referring to FIG. 17 and FIG. 18, in some embodiments, 0x81~0x8D represents 13 luminance indicators, for example, 0x81 corresponds to luminance 0; 0x82 corresponds to luminance 1; 0x83 corresponds to luminance 5; 0x8C corresponds to luminance 2560; and 0x8D corresponds to luminance 5120.0x91+N represents temperature indicators, where N represents the current temperature ℃ (e.g., 0x91 corresponds to 0℃, 0x92 corresponds to 1℃, ..., 0xAA corresponds to 25℃) . R denotes a Read operation bit (e.g., 1) . W denotes a Write operation bit (e.g., 0) . P denotes a stop signal. Result denotes execution result value, for example, 0x00 indicates success, 0xFF indicates failure (8-bit) . FIG. 19 depicts an exemplary I2C interface communication.
[0145] FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system of temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. FIG. 21 illustrates a correlation between temperature ranges and overdrive tables in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 20, the system includes a display panel DP, a timing controller TCON, an integrated circuit IC (e.g., a power management integrated circuit) , and one or more processors P. The integrated circuit IC is configured to store multiple sets of overdrive tables. The timing controller TCON is configured to read the overdrive tables from the integrated circuit IC and apply them to the display panel DP. The one or more processors P are configured to read temperature data from the temperature sensor and transmit the temperature data to the timing controller TCON. Referring to FIG. 21, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 denote different temperatures, thereby defining different temperature ranges. OD Table 1, OD Table 2, OD Table 3, and OD Table 4 denote overdrive tables corresponding to the temperature ranges.
[0146] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 20, the temperature sensor is configured to monitor the real-time temperature data of the display panel DP, and configured to transmit the temperature data to the one or more processors P. The one or more processors P are configured to transmit the real-time temperature data to the timing controller TCON. The timing controller TCON is configured to read the real-time temperature data from the one or more processors P, and configured to calculate which temperature range (nth temperature range) the current temperature falls into, based on the real-time temperature data. The timing controller TCON is further configured to adaptively adjusts the voltage outputs such as AVDD and VGH in the integrated circuit IC according to the calculated temperature range. By adjusting the power output, the timing controller TCON improves the performance and reduces the negative effects of excessive temperature rise in the PLG area, ensuring the stability of the display performance.
[0147] FIG. 22 illustrates various factors that affect a temperature of a display panel in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 22, a temperature of a display panel in some embodiments is affected by one or more of several factors. First, a back light continuously generates heat, affecting the temperature of the display panel DP. Second, an ambient temperature affects the heat dissipation of the display panel DP. Third, a drive circuit of the display panel DP consumes energy when driving the display panel DP, generating heat. In FIG. 22, BL T denotes a back light temperature, DP T denotes a temperature of the display panel DP, AM T denotes an ambient temperature, and DR IN denotes drive circuit input.
[0148] FIG. 23 illustrates effects of a back light temperature on a temperature of a display panel in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Backlight is one of the major factors affecting screen temperature. The influence of backlight is mainly reflected in two aspects. First, the higher the backlight brightness, the greater the power consumption, and the higher the temperature of the display panel DP. Increased radiation heat dissipation leads to a higher temperature of the display panel DP. Second, the longer the operating time, the higher the temperature of the display panel DP rises. The back light temperature shows an upward trend over time until it reaches a stable state. Referring to FIG. 23, the vertical axis denotes a temperature of the display panel DP, the horizontal axis denotes time. Luminance 1, Luminance 2, Luminance 3 denote different backlight brightness levels affecting the screen temperature.
[0149] FIG. 24 illustrates effects of an ambient temperature on a temperature of a display panel in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 24, the effect of the ambient temperature on the temperature of the display panel DP presents a straight line with a 45 degree slope. When the display panel DP is not affected by the back light and drive circuit, its temperature is consistent with the ambient temperature.
[0150] FIG. 25 illustrates effects of a drive circuit energy consumption on a temperature of a display panel in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. The drive circuit is another important factor affecting the temperature of the display panel DP. The influence of the drive circuit is mainly reflected in two aspects. First, the higher the drive power consumption, the higher the temperature of the display panel DP. High-power consumption drive circuits generate more heat, causing the temperature of the display panel DP to rise. Second, the longer the operating time, the higher the temperature of the display panel DP rises due to accumulated heat. The temperature increases over time until it reaches a stable state.
[0151] In some embodiments, the temperature of the display panel DP may be determined according to: Tdp= (K0 ∫BLL×dt) + (K1 ∫PC ×dt) +Tam (6) ;
[0152] wherein Tdp stands for a temperature of the display panel DP, dt stands for time differential, Tam stands an ambient temperature, BLL stands for back light brightness, PC stands for power consumption of the drive circuit, K0 stands for a coefficient representing an influence of back light brightness on the temperature of the display panel DP, and K1 stands for a coefficient representing an influence of power consumption of the drive circuit on the temperature of the display panel DP.
[0153] In some embodiments, the back light brightness may be obtained by utilizing a back light brightness sensor. A black matrix is used to substantially (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) block ambient light from irradiating on the back light brightness sensor, while the back light brightness sensor is configured to at least partially (e.g., at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%) receive light emitted from a back light. The back light brightness sensor is configured to transmit back light brightness signal to the one or more processors, and the one or more processors are configured to calculate the back light brightness based on the back light brightness signal.
[0154] In some embodiments, the back light brightness may be obtained from a back light driver. Backlight brightness adjustment is typically achieved by the back light driver outputting pulse width modulation signals. By controlling the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal, the back light brightness can be adjusted. Therefore, the pulse width modulation signal from the back light driver can be used as a reference to obtain backlight brightness information.
[0155] In some embodiments, the power consumption of the driver circuit may be obtained by measuring a power supply voltage signal current of a Gamma module of the driver circuit. The higher the current, the higher the power consumption.
[0156] In some embodiments, the power consumption of the driver circuit may be obtained by measuring a power supply voltage signal current of the timing controller. The higher the current, the higher the power consumption.
[0157] In some embodiments, a signal processing module calculates the ambient temperature and transmits it to a SoC (System on Chip) . The SoC processes the signal to achieve various functions. For example, a current ambient temperature can be displayed in real time on the display panel by sensing the ambient temperature. In another example, the SoC processes the signal to automatically control the opening and closing of air conditioning and other temperature regulation equipment based on changes in ambient temperature to maintain a suitable indoor temperature. In another example, the SoC processes the signal to provide personalized temperature reminders based on the ambient temperature, such as clothing suggestions when going out.
[0158] FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a system comprising the apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 26, the system in some embodiments includes a back light brightness acquisition module BLM, a power consumption acquisition module PCM, a display panel temperature acquisition module TMM, a timer TM, one or more processors P, and a System on Chip SOC. The one or more processors P are configured to receive information on the temperature of the display panel, the back light brightness, the power consumption of the driver circuit, and configured to transmit information on the ambient temperature to the System on Chip SOC.
[0159] FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a system comprising the apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 27, the temperature sensor TS is configured to obtain a temperature data, and configured to transmit the temperature data to the one or more processors P. The light sensor LS is configured to obtain a difference signal and configured to transmit the difference signal to the one or more processors P, as discussed above. The power consumption acquisition module PCM is configured to obtain power consumption data, e.g., through an integrated circuit (e.g., a power management integrated circuit) on the timing controller or an external power consumption monitoring unit. The timer TM can be internally built into a signal processing module or can be disposed externally. The one or more processors P are configured to process temperature data, backlight brightness data, and power consumption data to calculate the ambient temperature. The one or more processors P are configured to transmit the processed ambient temperature data to a System on Chip SOC via an interface protocol such as an I2C interface protocol. The one or more processors P can actively send data or store ambient brightness information in a register for the System on Chip SOC to read as needed via the I2C interface protocol.
[0160] FIG. 28 illustrates a correlation between luminance ranges and automatic brightness control tables in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. By monitoring ambient light brightness, the system can adaptively adjust screen brightness to optimize display performance and user experience. Referring to FIG. 20 and FIG. 28, an ambient light sensor is configured to monitor ambient light brightness in real-time and transmit ambient light brightness data to the one or more processors P. The timing controlling TCON (or a System on Chip) is configured to read the real-time brightness data from the one or more processors P, and configured to calculate which brightness range (e.g., L1, L2, L3, L4, or L5) the current ambient light brightness belongs to. Based on the calculation results, the timing controlling TCON (or a System on Chip) is configured to retrieve the corresponding ACC Table (e.g., ACC Table 1, 2, 3, or 4) from the integrated circuit IC. According to the retrieved ACC Table, the timing controlling TCON (or a System on Chip) is configured to adaptively adjust the brightness of the display panel to optimize display performance.
[0161] FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system of temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 29, the timing controlling TCON (or a System on Chip) is configured to read the real-time brightness data from the one or more processors P, and configured to calculate which brightness range (e.g., L1, L2, L3, L4, or L5) the current ambient light brightness belongs to. Based on the calculation results, the timing controlling TCON (or a System on Chip) is configured to communicate with the back light BL, thereby adaptively adjust the brightness of the back light.
[0162] FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system of temperature sensing and light sensing in some embodiments according to the present disclosure. By monitoring ambient light brightness and temperature data and communicating with other smart home devices, the system can adjust home atmosphere lighting, air conditioning, and other functions, enhancing the overall smart home experience. Referring to FIG. 30, the one or more processors P are configured to collect real-time ambient temperature data through temperature sensors, and real-time ambient light brightness data through light sensors. The one or more processors P are configured to process the collected temperature and light brightness data and transmits it to the System on Chip SOC via communication protocols. The System on Chip SOC is configured to communicate with other smart home devices (such as home atmosphere lighting and air conditioning) based on the received temperature and light brightness data. In one example, the System on Chip SOC is configured to automatically adjust the brightness and color of home atmosphere lighting based on ambient light brightness. In another example, the System on Chip SOC is configured to automatically adjust the temperature and wind speed of the air conditioner based on ambient temperature, maintaining indoor comfort.
[0163] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a display apparatus, comprising the apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing described herein, and a display panel. Examples of appropriate display apparatuses include, but are not limited to, an electronic paper, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a monitor, a notebook computer, a digital album, a GPS, etc. Optionally, the display apparatus is a liquid crystal display apparatus. Optionally, the display apparatus is an organic light emitting diode display apparatus. Optionally, the display apparatus is a micro light emitting diode display apparatus. Optionally, the display apparatus is a mini light emitting diode display apparatus.
[0164] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of temperature sensing and light sensing. In some embodiments, the method includes outputting, by a sensing transistor of a light sensor, a first output signal; and outputting a second output signal by a reference transistor of the light sensor. Optionally, the first output signal is affected by ambient light brightness, a temperature of the apparatus, and backlight brightness. Optionally, the second output signal is affected by the temperature of the apparatus and the backlight brightness. Optionally, a difference between the first output signal and the second output signal represents the ambient light brightness.
[0165] The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form or to exemplary embodiments disclosed. Accordingly, the foregoing description should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. The embodiments are chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the invention and its best mode practical application, thereby to enable persons skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use or implementation contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents in which all terms are meant in their broadest reasonable sense unless otherwise indicated. Therefore, the term “the invention” , “the present invention” or the like does not necessarily limit the claim scope to a specific embodiment, and the reference to exemplary embodiments of the invention does not imply a limitation on the invention, and no such limitation is to be inferred. The invention is limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Moreover, these claims may refer to use “first” , “second” , etc. following with noun or element. Such terms should be understood as a nomenclature and should not be construed as giving the limitation on the number of the elements modified by such nomenclature unless specific number has been given. Any advantages and benefits described may not apply to all embodiments of the invention. It should be appreciated that variations may be made in the embodiments described by persons skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims. Moreover, no element and component in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element or component is explicitly recited in the following claims.
Claims
1.An apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing, comprising a light sensor;wherein the light sensor comprises a sensing transistor configured to output a first output signal and a reference transistor configured to output a second output signal;wherein the first output signal is affected by ambient light brightness, a temperature of the apparatus, and backlight brightness;the second output signal is affected by the temperature of the apparatus and the backlight brightness; anda difference between the first output signal and the second output signal represents the ambient light brightness.2.The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a black matrix;wherein ambient light is substantially blocked by the black matrix from irradiating on the reference transistor; andambient light to the sensing transistor is at least partially not blocked.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light sensor further comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter and one or more processors; andwherein the one or more processors are configured to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal, configured to determine the ambient light brightness in real time.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the light sensor further comprises a sensing resistor and a reference resistor;wherein a first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to a drain electrode of the sensing transistor;a first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to a drain electrode of the reference transistor;second terminals of the sensing resistor and the reference resistor are configured to be provided with a same voltage signal;source electrodes of the sensing transistor and the reference transistor are configured to be provided with a same voltage signal; andgate electrodes of the sensing transistor and the reference transistor are configured to be provided with a same voltage signal.5.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the light sensor further comprises a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a first analog-to-digital converter, and a second analog-to-digital converter;wherein a drain electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter;a source electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors, and a gate electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to ground;a drain electrode of the reference transistor is connected to the second analog-to-digital converter, a source electrode of the reference transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors, and a gate electrode of the reference transistor is connected to ground;a first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the sensing transistor, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to ground; anda first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the reference transistor, and a second terminal of the reference resistor is connected to ground.6.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor, configured to convert the first output signal into a first digital signal, and configured to transmit the first digital signal to the one or more processors;the second analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a second output signal from the drain electrode of the reference transistor, configured to convert the second output signal into a second digital signal, and configured to transmit the second digital signal to the one or more processors; andthe one or more processors are configured to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal, configured to calculate a difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and configured to compare the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal with a standard waveform to obtain real-time ambient light brightness.7.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the light sensor further comprises a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a first analog-to-digital converter, and a second analog-to-digital converter;wherein a drain electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter, a source electrode and a gate electrode of the sensing transistor are connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors;a drain electrode of the reference transistor is connected to the second analog-to-digital converter, a source electrode and a gate electrode of the reference transistor are connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors;a first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the sensing transistor, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal; anda first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the reference transistor, and a second terminal of the reference resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal.8.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor, configured to convert the first output signal into a first digital signal, and configured to transmit the first digital signal to the one or more processors;the second analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a second output signal from the drain electrode of the reference transistor, configured to convert the second output signal into a second digital signal, and configured to transmit the second digital signal to the one or more processors; andthe one or more processors are configured to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal, configured to calculate a difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and configured to compare the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal with a standard waveform to obtain real-time ambient light brightness.9.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the light sensor further comprises a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a differential amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter;wherein a drain electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, a source electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors, and a gate electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to ground;a drain electrode of the reference transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, a source electrode of the reference transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors, and a gate electrode of the reference transistor is connected to ground;a first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the sensing transistor, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to ground; anda first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the reference transistor, and a second terminal of the reference resistor is connected to ground.10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the differential amplifier is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor and a second output signal from the drain electrode of the reference transistor, configured to calculate a difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, configured to generate an amplified difference signal based on the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, and configured to transmit the amplified difference signal to the analog-to-digital converter;the analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive the amplified difference signal from the differential amplifier, configured to convert the amplified difference signal into a digital signal, and configured to transmit the digital signal to the one or more processors; andthe one or more processors are configured to receive the digital signal, thereby obtaining real-time ambient light brightness.11.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the light sensor further comprises a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a differential amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter;wherein a drain electrode of the sensing transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, a source electrode and a gate electrode of the sensing transistor Ts are connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors;a drain electrode of the reference transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, a source electrode and a gate electrode of the reference transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors;a first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the sensing transistor, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal; anda first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain electrode of the reference transistor, and a second terminal of the reference resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal.12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the differential amplifier is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain electrode of the sensing transistor and a second output signal from the drain electrode of the reference transistor, configured to calculate a difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, configured to generate an amplified difference signal based on the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, and configured to transmit the amplified difference signal to the analog-to-digital converter;the analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive the amplified difference signal from the differential amplifier, configured to convert the amplified difference signal into a digital signal, and configured to transmit the digital signal to the one or more processors; andthe one or more processors are configured to receive the digital signal, thereby obtaining real-time ambient light brightness.13.The apparatus of any one of claims 3 to 12, wherein the one or more processors are configured to receive a start signal from a timing controller, the start signal is used as an alignment signal for the pulse width modulation signal.14.The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising a temperature sensor;wherein the temperature sensor comprises:a conductive wire configured to receive an input voltage;a reference resistor connected in series with the conductive wire; andone or more processors;wherein the conductive wire and the reference resistor form a voltage divider; andthe one or more processors are configured to obtain an output voltage from the voltage divider.15.The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising an apparatus for calibrating the temperature sensor and the light sensor;wherein the apparatus for calibrating the temperature sensor and the light sensor comprises one or more light and temperature collectors;the one or more processors are configured to derive a calculated real-time temperature and configured to compare the calculated real-time temperature to a measured real-time temperature, thereby calibrating the temperature sensor.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are configured to derive a calculated real-time temperature according to: wherein Vout@ (t+N) ℃ stands for a value of the output voltage at temperature (t+N) ℃; r0@ (t+N℃) stands for a value of a resistance of the reference resistor at temperature (t+N) ℃; r1@ (t+N) ℃ stands for a value of a resistance of the temperature sensor at temperature (t+N) ℃; and VCCreal-time stands for a value of the input voltage applied to the temperature sensor.17.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the apparatus for calibrating the temperature sensor and the light sensor comprises a lighting device, a light source, and an ambient temperature sensor;wherein the lighting device is configured to be in communication with the light source, the ambient temperature sensor, and the one or more processors P, through an interface protocol;the lighting device is configured to collect temperature data from the ambient temperature sensor via the interface protocol, and configured to transmit the value of the ambient temperature to the one or more processors via the interface protocol;the one or more processors are configured to store the value of the ambient temperature, and configured to calibrate the temperature sensor based on the value of the ambient temperature;the lighting device is configured to transmit a switching command to the light source to control the brightness of the light source, and configured to transmit a value of current luminance to a corresponding register in the one or more processors; andthe one or more processors are configured to calibrate the light sensor.18.A display apparatus, comprising the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 17, and a display panel.19.The display apparatus of claim 18, further comprising a timing controller and an integrated circuit;wherein the integrated circuit is configured to store multiple sets of overdrive tables;the timing controller is configured to read the overdrive tables from the integrated circuit and apply them to the display panel; andthe one or more processors are configured to read temperature data from the temperature sensor and transmit the temperature data to the timing controller.20.The display apparatus of claim 18, further comprising an integrated circuit, a power consumption acquisition module configured to obtain power consumption data, and a System on Chip;wherein the one or more processors are configured to process temperature data, backlight brightness data, and power consumption data to calculate the ambient temperature; andthe one or more processors are configured to transmit processed ambient temperature data to the System on Chip via an interface protocol.
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