Phase shift circuit and radio frequency microwave system

Abstract

The present application discloses a phase shift circuit and a radio frequency microwave system. The phase shift circuit may comprise: a first node circuit, a second node circuit, and a first signal channel and a second signal channel coupled between the first node circuit and the second node circuit, wherein the first node circuit is configured to split an input signal so as to simultaneously output a first differential signal to the first signal channel and a second differential signal to the second signal channel; the first signal channel and the second signal channel are implemented on the basis of a differential circuit architecture, and are configured to respectively perform signal attenuation and / or quadrant transformation on the first differential signal and the second differential signal, so as to implement phase shift; the second node circuit is configured to synthesize a first phase-shifted signal output by the first signal channel and a second phase-shifted signal output by the second signal channel so as to obtain an output signal; and the phase difference between the output signal and the input signal is within the range of 0-360 degrees.

Description

Phase shifting circuits and radio frequency microwave systems Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular to a high-precision, ultra-wideband phase-shifting circuit and a radio frequency microwave system having the phase-shifting circuit. Background Technology

[0002] Modern communication systems (such as 5G MIMO communication and low-Earth orbit satellite communication) place high demands on numerically controlled phase shifters (CNCs). These CNCs require wide bandwidth, low in-band insertion loss, high shifting accuracy, and small size. Current implementations of CNCs cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of modern communication systems for both of these devices. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this application discloses a phase-shifting circuit and a radio frequency microwave system incorporating the phase-shifting circuit. The phase-shifting circuit possesses stable characteristics and enables device miniaturization.

[0004] This application discloses a phase-shifting circuit, which may include: a first node circuit; a second node circuit; and a first signal channel and a second signal channel coupled between the first node circuit and the second node circuit; wherein, the first node circuit is configured to split the input signal to simultaneously output a first differential signal to the first signal channel and a second differential signal to the second signal channel; the first signal channel and the second signal channel are implemented based on a differential circuit architecture and are configured to perform signal attenuation and / or quadrant transformation on the first differential signal and the second differential signal, respectively, to achieve phase shift; the second node circuit is configured to synthesize the first phase-shifted signal output from the first signal channel and the second phase-shifted signal output from the second signal channel to obtain an output signal; the phase difference between the output signal and the input signal is between 0° and 360°.

[0005] According to some embodiments of this application, the first node circuit may include: a signal processor, and a first transformer and a second transformer electrically connected to the two output terminals of the quadrature coupler, respectively; the signal processor is used to generate a pair of quadrature signals based on the input signal, and input them from the two output terminals to the first transformer and the second transformer, respectively; the first transformer and the second transformer are used to generate the first differential signal and the second differential signal based on the input quadrature signals.

[0006] According to some embodiments of this application, the first signal channel and the second signal channel are respectively connected to the first transformer and the second transformer, and each includes a signal attenuation circuit. The signal attenuation circuit includes a plurality of first differential circuits that are electrically connected in sequence. The electrical connection between two adjacent first differential circuits includes a direct connection and / or a connection through an attenuator unit. The attenuator unit is used to achieve the signal attenuation in order to achieve phase shift in the range of 0-90 degrees by attenuating the amplitude of the first differential signal and / or the second differential signal.

[0007] According to some embodiments of this application, the plurality of first differential circuits are the same and / or different.

[0008] According to some embodiments of this application, the first differential circuit selects the electrical connection mode with the adjacent first differential circuit by turning on or off between the positive and negative interfaces of the first input terminal and the positive and negative interfaces of the first output terminal.

[0009] According to some embodiments of this application, both the first signal channel and the second signal channel further include a quadrant transformation circuit electrically connected to the signal attenuation circuit; the quadrant transformation circuit includes a second differential circuit, which realizes the quadrant transformation by turning on or off between the positive and negative interfaces of the second input terminal and the positive and negative interfaces of the second output terminal, so as to change the starting phase of the phase-shifted first differential signal and / or second differential signal.

[0010] According to some embodiments of this application, the second node circuit includes a third differential circuit for implementing vector synthesis. The third input terminal of the third differential circuit receives the first phase shift signal and the second phase shift signal respectively, and the third output terminal outputs the synthesized signal obtained by signal synthesis.

[0011] According to some embodiments of this application, the third differential circuit includes: an input differential network, including a first port and a second port; an input differential unit, including an input differential coupling line; an output differential unit, including a first coupling line and a second coupling line; and an output differential network, including a first output differential port and a second output differential port; the positive input terminal of the input differential coupling line is connected to the first port, and the negative input terminal is connected to the second port; the positive input terminal of the first coupling line is connected to the positive output terminal of the input differential coupling line, and the negative input terminal of the second coupling line is connected to the output terminal of the input differential coupling line. The negative terminals are connected; the negative terminal of the first coupling line is connected to the positive terminal of the second coupling line; the positive terminal of the first output differential port is connected to the positive terminal of the first coupling line, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the second coupling line; the positive terminal of the second output differential port is connected to the positive terminal of the second coupling line, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the first coupling line; the first and second output differential ports of the output differential network are used to receive the first phase-shift signal and the second phase-shift signal respectively, and the input differential network is used to output the synthesized signal.

[0012] According to some embodiments of this application, the synthesized signal is a differential signal pair, which is designated as the output signal; or, the second node circuit further includes a third transformer; the third transformer is electrically connected to the third output port of the third differential circuit, or the output differential network, for converting the differential signal pair into a single-ended signal as the output signal.

[0013] This application also provides a radio frequency microwave system, which may include the phase shifting circuit described above.

[0014] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0015] This application will be further described by way of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not limiting; in these embodiments, the same reference numerals denote the same structures, wherein:

[0016] Figure 1 is an exemplary structural diagram of a phase-shifting circuit according to some embodiments of this application;

[0017] Figure 2 is an exemplary structural diagram of a first node circuit according to some embodiments of this application;

[0018] Figure 3 is an exemplary structural diagram of a signal attenuation circuit according to some embodiments of this application;

[0019] Figure 4 is an exemplary structural diagram of a differential circuit according to some embodiments of this application;

[0020] Figure 5 is another exemplary structural diagram of a differential circuit according to some embodiments of this application;

[0021] Figure 6 is another exemplary structural diagram of a signal attenuation circuit according to some embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 7 is an exemplary structural diagram of a quadrant selection circuit according to some embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 8 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the connection state of a differential circuit constituting a quadrant selection circuit according to some embodiments of this application.

[0024] Figure 9 is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the correspondence between quadrants and the connectivity states of differential circuits according to some embodiments of this application;

[0025] Figure 10 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the initial phase characteristics of a quadrant according to some embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 11 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the S-parameters of the starting phase of a quadrant according to some embodiments of this application;

[0027] Figure 12 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the phase distribution in the first quadrant according to some embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 13 is an exemplary structural diagram of a second node circuit according to some embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 14 is another exemplary structural diagram of a differential circuit shown in some embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 15 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the S-parameters and phase of a phase-shifting circuit in operation according to some embodiments of this application.

[0031] Figure 16 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the S-parameters and phase of a phase-shifting circuit in the off state according to some embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 17 is an exemplary structural diagram of a radio frequency microwave transmitting system according to some embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 18 is an exemplary structural diagram of a radio frequency microwave receiving system according to some embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terminology used in this application's specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The terms "comprising" or "including," as used in this application, mean that an element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms "and / or" or "and / or" as used in this application include any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0036] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application are used to distinguish similar objects, not to describe or indicate a specific order or sequence, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. Furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" or "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can refer to the internal connection of two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] CNC phase shifters are widely used in wireless communication, where they modulate the phase of transmitted or received signals. Examples include 5G MIMO communication and low-Earth orbit satellite communication. The shift range of the CNC phase shifter directly affects the phase modulation accuracy of the wireless communication signal.

[0038] There are generally two main methods for implementing CNC phase shifters. The first method uses a single-ended switch to switch the transmission line and the shifting unit network. This type of CNC phase shifter exhibits significant performance degradation at high frequencies (greater than 8 GHz), mainly because the switching insertion loss and the shifting unit insertion loss increase with increasing frequency (especially in the millimeter-wave band), particularly at 180-degree phase. The second method uses inductors to achieve the shifting function. This method is also difficult to implement at high frequencies, mainly because the inductor loss increases with increasing frequency (especially in the millimeter-wave band), and parasitic capacitance has a significant impact on performance.

[0039] The phase shifting circuit of the phase shifter disclosed in this application is implemented through a differential circuit architecture, which enables device miniaturization and provides stable phase characteristics and stable insertion loss and return loss characteristics. Furthermore, it offers high phase shifting accuracy and a wide phase shifting range.

[0040] The following describes some preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that the following description is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The steps involved in this application may be performed precisely in sequence, or various steps may be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. Furthermore, other operations may be added to these processes, or one or more steps may be removed from these processes.

[0041] This application discloses a phase-shifting circuit, as shown in FIG1. ​​The phase-shifting circuit 100 may include a first node circuit 110, a second node circuit 140, and a first signal channel 120 and a second signal channel 130 coupled between the first node circuit 110 and the second node circuit 140. The input signal to the phase-shifting circuit 100 enters from the first node circuit 110 and is split into a pair of quadrature signals, for example, an in-phase signal I (or I-path signal) and a quadrature signal Q (or Q-path signal). The I / Q signals have the same frequency but a 90° phase difference. The pair of quadrature signals can be simultaneously output to the first signal channel 120 and the second signal channel 130 to perform signal attenuation and / or quadrant transformation. For example, the I-path signal can be input to the first signal channel 120 for processing, and the Q-path signal can be input to the second signal channel 130 for processing.

[0042] The first signal channel 120 and the second signal channel 130 can be implemented based on a differential circuit architecture. Based on this, the aforementioned quadrature signals (i.e., the I-channel signal and the Q-channel signal) will be processed to generate a pair of differential signals. For example, the first differential signal pair will be input to the first signal channel 120 for processing, and the second differential signal pair will be input to the second signal channel 130 for processing. In one feasible implementation, an exemplary circuit structure of this differential circuit can be a switching die connected between each positive and negative interface of the input and output ports. This circuit structure can reduce insertion loss, enhance anti-interference capability, and, through the switching die, meet the requirements of high performance and small size of the device. That is, devices using the first signal channel 120 and the second signal channel 130 constructed using this differential circuit can achieve high isolation while reducing device size and insertion loss. The first signal channel 120 and the second signal channel 130 can perform signal attenuation and / or quadrant transformation on the input differential signal pair to achieve phase shift of the input signal. For example, the first signal channel 120 and the second signal channel 130 may each include a signal attenuation circuit and / or a quadrant shifting circuit. Exemplarily, the signal attenuation circuit can be implemented using an attenuator unit combined with a differential circuit. Amplitude control is achieved through the attenuation value of the attenuator unit, thereby achieving phase shift control. The high bandwidth and high isolation characteristics of the differential circuit enable ultra-wideband phase shifting. The quadrant shifting circuit achieves quadrant change by switching the positive and negative interfaces between the input and output terminals of the differential circuit. For example, four quadrants can be selected, including the first quadrant (0deg–90deg), the second quadrant (90deg–180deg), the third quadrant (180deg–270deg), and the fourth quadrant (270deg–360deg). The phase shift achieved by the signal attenuation circuit, combined with the starting phase obtained from the quadrant selection by the quadrant shifting circuit, achieves a phase shift of 0–360deg.

[0043] The second node circuit 140 can be used to vector synthesize the first phase-shifted signal output from the first signal channel 120 and the second phase-shifted signal output from the second signal channel 130. In one feasible implementation, the second node circuit 140 can be constructed using differential coupling. By designing the coupling line length and improving the input / output connection method, insertion loss can be reduced and isolation improved. The output signal of the second node circuit 140 can be a differential signal pair or a single-ended signal. For example, the differential signal can be converted into a single-ended signal and output using a device.

[0044] The following description provides an exemplary account of the various components of the phase-shifting circuit 100. It should be noted that the following description is not restrictive.

[0045] As shown in Figure 2, the first node circuit 110 provided in this application may include a signal processor 210 and a first transformer 220 and a second transformer 230 electrically connected to the two output terminals of the signal processor 210, respectively. The signal processor 210 may be any electronic component capable of splitting a signal with a 90° phase difference, such as a hybrid coupler, a quadrature coupler, or a 90° bridge. Taking the signal processor 210 as a 90° bridge as an example, it includes a single-ended input port IN and two output ports. The port impedance of the single-ended input port may be 50 ohms. After the input signal enters from the single-ended input port IN, it is processed and outputs a pair of quadrature signals, namely the I-channel signal and the Q-channel signal. The pair of quadrature signals will be output from the two output ports to the first transformer 220 and the second transformer 230, respectively. The first transformer 220 and the second transformer 230 may use the coil induction characteristics (e.g., the coil middle section is led out) to convert the quadrature signals into differential signals and output them from the output terminals OUT1 and OUT2. For example, the first transformer 220 can be used to process the I-channel signal to output first differential signals I1+ and I1- at output terminal OUT1. The second transformer 230 can be used to process the Q-channel signal to output second differential signals Q1+ and Q1- at output terminal OUT2.

[0046] The signal attenuation circuit 300 provided in this application, as shown in Figure 3, can be a component of the first signal channel 120 and the second signal channel 130. For example, the circuit structure of the signal attenuation circuit 300 is identical in both signal channels. As shown in Figure 3, the signal attenuation circuit 300 may include a plurality of first differential circuits 310-1, 310-2, ..., and 310-n connected in sequence. The differential signal output from the first transformer 220 and the second transformer 230 can be input from the first differential input terminal of the first first differential circuit 310-1. For example, the positive input is I1+ or Q1+, and the negative input is I1- or Q1-. Subsequently, the differential signal can be transmitted between two adjacent first differential circuits through a pass-through or attenuator unit (e.g., attenuator units 320-1, ..., 320-m). The differential signal passing through the attenuator unit will achieve amplitude attenuation, thereby causing phase shift.

[0047] The circuit structures of the first differential circuits described above can be the same or different. As shown in Figure 4, the first differential circuit 400 provided in this application may include a positive interface IN1+ and a negative interface IN1- at its first input terminal, and two output ports, respectively composed of a positive interface OUT1+ and a negative interface OUT1-, and a positive interface OUT2+ and a negative interface OUT2-. Switching chips are connected between the positive and negative interfaces of the first input terminal and the positive and negative interfaces of the first output terminal, including a first switching chip T1, a second switching chip T2, a third switching chip T3, a fourth switching chip T4, a fifth switching chip T5, a sixth switching chip T6, a seventh switching chip T7, and an eighth switching chip T8. The input terminals of the first switch chip T1, the fourth switch chip T4, the fifth switch chip T5, and the eighth switch chip T8 are coupled and connected to interface IN1+. The input terminals of the second switch chip T2, the third switch chip T3, the sixth switch chip T6, and the seventh switch chip T7 are coupled and connected to interface IN1-. The output terminals of the first switch chip T1 and the second switch chip T2 are coupled and connected to interface OUT1+. The output terminals of the third switch chip T3 and the fourth switch chip T4 are coupled and connected to interface OUT1-. The output terminals of the fifth switch chip T5 and the sixth switch chip T6 are coupled and connected to interface OUT2+. The output terminals of the seventh switch chip T7 and the eighth switch chip T8 are coupled and connected to interface OUT2-.

[0048] In the first differential circuit 400 described above, the positive and negative interfaces between the first input terminal and the first output terminal can be turned on or off by setting the supply voltage of each switch chip, thereby selecting whether the electrical connection between adjacent differential circuits is direct or through an attenuator unit. For example, if the supply voltage of the first switch chip T1 and the third switch chip T3 is V1, then the supply voltage of the second switch chip T2, the fourth switch chip T4, the fifth switch chip T5, the sixth switch chip T6, the seventh switch chip T7, and the eighth switch chip T8 is -V1. Then, when V1 is a positive voltage (V1 > Vth, where Vth is the gate threshold voltage), the interface IN1+ to the interface OUT1+ is turned on, the interface IN1- to the interface OUT1- is turned on, the interface IN1+ to the interface OUT2+ is turned off, and the interface IN1- to the interface OUT2- is turned off. If the supply voltage of the fifth switch chip T5 and the seventh switch chip T7 is V1, then the supply voltage of the first switch chip T1, the second switch chip T2, the third switch chip T3, the fourth switch chip T4, the sixth switch chip T6, and the eighth switch chip T8 is -V1. When V1 is a positive voltage (V1 > Vth), the interface IN1+ to the interface OUT2+ is turned on, the interface IN1- to the interface OUT2- is turned on, the interface IN1+ to the interface OUT1+ is turned off, and the interface IN1- to the interface OUT11 is turned off.

[0049] Based on this, when differential signals are input from interfaces IN1+ and IN1- respectively, the power supply voltage of the switching die can be set to allow the signals to be output from interfaces OUT1+ and OUT1-, or OUT2+ and OUT2-. Assuming that the first differential circuit 400 is the first differential circuit 310-1 of the signal attenuation circuit 300, and interfaces OUT1+ and OUT1- are connected to attenuator unit 320-1, and interfaces OUT2+ and OUT2- are connected to the second differential circuit 320-2, then providing the aforementioned voltage to the switching die can allow the differential signals to be output from interfaces OUT1+ and OUT1-, passing through attenuator unit 320-1 so that the electrical connection between the first differential circuit 310-1 and the adjacent second first differential circuit 310-2 is through the attenuator unit, or the signals can be output directly from interfaces OUT2+ and OUT2- to the next differential circuit so that the electrical connection between the first differential circuit 310-1 and the adjacent second first differential circuit 310-2 is a direct connection.

[0050] The first differential circuit 400 described above can also adjust insertion loss and isolation by adjusting the size of the switching die and the resistance of each electrode. Adjusting the size of the switching die can adjust R when the switching die is in the on-state. on The value (i.e., the on-resistance of the switching die). After the switching die is turned on, the insertion loss of the switching die is determined by R. on Value and R ds The value of the drain-to-source resistance is determined by both, i.e., R on Parallel R ds R gs The gate-to-source resistance affects the voltage of the switching MOSFET, meaning the insertion loss varies at different voltages. Therefore, by adjusting the size of the switching die and the resistances at each terminal, both insertion loss and device size can be addressed. Furthermore, a smaller switch-off capacitor results in a smaller overall size and better isolation; the isolation of the differential circuit can be adjusted by changing the size of the switching die. Thus, the first differential circuit 400 described above can be configured to have both high isolation and low insertion loss characteristics, allowing the device to achieve the advantages of small size, high isolation, and low insertion loss, thereby resulting in higher phase shift accuracy.

[0051] The first differential circuit 400 can also reduce return loss by connecting a matching circuit. For example, this matching circuit may include an input matching circuit and an output matching circuit, which can be connected to the first input terminal and the first output terminal respectively via a coupling line. The return loss at the first input terminal and the first output terminal can be adjusted by regulating one or more of the even-mode impedance, odd-mode impedance, or electrical length of the coupling line. Adjusting the even-mode and odd-mode impedances essentially adjusts the differential impedance of the port; the port impedance affects the return loss, thus achieving the effect of regulating the return loss. The electrical length exhibits different impedances at radio frequency and microwave frequencies; changing the electrical length adjusts the port impedance.

[0052] Referring to Figure 5, another first differential circuit 500 provided in this application may have two input ports, consisting of a positive interface IN2+ and a negative interface IN2-, and a positive interface IN3+ and a negative interface IN3-, respectively. The first output may have two output ports, consisting of a positive interface OUT3+ and a negative interface OUT3-, and a positive interface OUT4+ and a negative interface OUT4-, respectively. Switching chips are connected between the positive and negative interfaces of the first input terminal and the positive and negative interfaces of the first output terminal, including the ninth switch chip T9, the tenth switch chip T10, the eleventh switch chip T11, the twelfth switch chip T12, the thirteenth switch chip T13, the fourteenth switch chip T14, the fifteenth switch chip T15, the sixteenth switch chip T16, the seventeenth switch chip T17, the eighteenth switch chip T18, the nineteenth switch chip T19, the twentieth switch chip T20, the twenty-first switch chip T21, the twenty-second switch chip T22, the twenty-third switch chip T23, and the twenty-fourth switch chip T24. The input terminals of the ninth switch chip T9, the twelfth switch chip T12, the thirteenth switch chip T13, and the sixteenth switch chip T16 are coupled and connected to interface IN2+; the input terminals of the tenth switch chip T10, the eleventh switch chip T11, the fourteenth switch chip T14, and the fifteenth switch chip T15 are coupled and connected to interface IN2-; the input terminals of the seventeenth switch chip T17, the twentieth switch chip T20, the twenty-first switch chip T21, and the twenty-fourth switch chip T24 are coupled and connected to interface IN3+; the input terminals of the eighteenth switch chip T18, the nineteenth switch chip T19, the twenty-second switch chip T22, and the twenty-third switch chip T23 are coupled and connected to interface IN3-; The outputs of the nineth switch chip T9, the tenth switch chip T10, the seventeenth switch chip T17, and the eighteenth switch chip T18 are coupled and connected to the interface OUT3+; the outputs of the eleventh switch chip T11, the twelfth switch chip T12, the nineteenth switch chip T19, and the twentieth switch chip T20 are coupled and connected to the interface OUT3-; the outputs of the thirteenth switch chip T13, the fourteenth switch chip T14, the twenty-first switch chip T21, and the twenty-second switch chip T22 are coupled and connected to the interface OUT4+; the outputs of the fifteenth switch chip T15, the sixteenth switch chip T16, the twenty-third switch chip T23, and the twenty-fourth switch chip T24 are coupled and connected to the interface OUT4-.

[0053] In the first differential circuit 500 above, by setting the power supply voltage of each switch chip, the positive and negative interfaces of the first input terminal and the first output terminal can be turned on or off, thereby selecting whether the electrical connection between adjacent differential circuits is through or through the attenuator unit. For example, if the supply voltage of the ninth switch chip T9, the eleventh switch chip T11, the twenty-first switch chip T21, and the twenty-third switch chip T23 is V2, then the supply voltage of the tenth switch chip T10, the twelfth switch chip T12 to the twentieth switch chip T20, the twenty-second switch chip T22, and the twenty-fourth switch chip T24 is -V3. Then, when V3 is a positive voltage (V3 > Vth), the connection from IN2+ to OUT3+ is on, the connection from IN2- to OUT3- is on, the connection from IN3+ to OUT4+ is on, the connection from IN3- to OUT4- is on, the connection from IN2+ to OUT4+ is off, the connection from IN2- to OUT4- is off, the connection from IN3+ to OUT3+ is off, and the connection from IN3- to OUT3- is off. If the thirteenth switch chip T13 is selected... The supply voltage of the fifteenth switch chip T15, the seventeenth switch chip T17, and the nineteenth switch chip T19 is V3. Then the supply voltage of the tenth switch chip T10, the eleventh switch chip T11, the twelfth switch chip T12, the fourteenth switch chip T14, the sixteenth switch chip T16, the eighteenth switch chip T18, the twentieth switch chip T20 to the twenty-fourth switch chip T24 is -V3. When V3 is a positive voltage (V3 > Vth), the interface IN2+ to the interface OUT4+ is on, the interface IN2- to the interface OUT4- is on, the interface IN3+ to the interface OUT3+ is on, the interface IN3- to the interface OUT3- is on, the interface IN2+ to the interface OUT3+ is off, the interface IN2- to the interface OUT3- is off, the interface IN3+ to the interface OUT4+ is off, and the interface IN3- to the interface OUT4- is off.

[0054] Based on this, when differential signals are input from interfaces IN2+ and IN2- or IN3+ and IN3- respectively (for example, after being passed through from the previous differential circuit or after being attenuated by an attenuator unit), the signal can be output from interfaces OUT3+ and OUT3- or OUT4+ and OUT4- by setting the supply voltage of the switching die. Assuming the first differential circuit 400 is the second differential circuit 310-2 of the signal attenuation circuit 300, interfaces IN2+ and IN2- can be connected to attenuator unit 320-1, and interfaces IN3+ and IN3- can be connected to the first differential circuit 310-1 to receive the input differential signals. Which interface receives the differential signal is selected based on the output of the preceding first differential circuit 310-1, as explained earlier. The attenuator unit is connected after the interfaces OUT3+ and OUT3-, and the third first differential circuit is connected after the interfaces OUT4+ and OUT4-. Providing the aforementioned voltage to the switching die allows the differential signal to be output from the interfaces OUT3+ and OUT3- to pass through the attenuator unit, or output from the interfaces OUT4+ and OUT4- to be directly input to the next differential circuit.

[0055] Similarly, the isolation and insertion loss of the first differential circuit 500 described above can also be adjusted by changing the size of the included switching die and the resistance of each electrode. This achieves the same high isolation and low insertion loss. Devices using this circuit can also combine the advantages of small size, high isolation, and low insertion loss, resulting in higher phase shift accuracy.

[0056] Additionally, the first differential circuit 500 can also reduce return loss by connecting a matching circuit. For details, please refer to the description of the first differential circuit 400; it will not be repeated here.

[0057] Figure 6 illustrates a signal attenuation circuit 600 according to some embodiments of this application. The signal attenuation circuit 600 can achieve 7-bit step attenuation with an attenuation range of 0-31.75dB. As shown in Figure 6, the signal attenuation circuit 600 may include two first differential circuits 400 and six first differential circuits 500. The six first differential circuits 500 are sequentially connected between two first differential circuits 400. Attenuator units are disposed between adjacent first differential circuits, for a total of seven attenuator units. Depending on the signal transmission direction, attenuator unit D1 achieves 16dB attenuation, attenuator unit D2 achieves 8dB attenuation, attenuator unit D3 achieves 4dB attenuation, attenuator unit D4 achieves 2dB attenuation, attenuator unit D5 achieves 1dB attenuation, attenuator unit D6 achieves 0.5dB attenuation, and attenuator unit D7 achieves 0.25dB attenuation. The first differential signals I1+ and I1-, or the second differential signals Q1+ and Q1-, output from the first node circuit 110, are input from the first differential circuit 400 located at the beginning. After attenuation and / or pass-through, they are output from the first differential circuit 400 located at the end, resulting in amplitude-attenuated differential signals I2+ and I2-, or Q2+ and Q2-. The signal attenuation circuit 600 achieves phase shift within the range of 0-90° by attenuating the amplitude of the differential signals.

[0058] The signal attenuation circuit 300 / 600 disclosed in this application achieves phase shifting through amplitude control. The amplitude attenuation value can be achieved through various combinations; the more combinations, the higher the phase shift accuracy. Simultaneously, the high bandwidth and high isolation of the first differential circuit enable devices using it to achieve ultra-wide frequency bands. Furthermore, the low insertion loss of the first differential circuit enables devices using it to achieve low insertion loss.

[0059] The quadrant conversion circuit provided in Figure 7, consisting of the second differential circuit 700, can be a component of the first signal channel 120 and the second signal channel 130. For example, the circuit structure of the quadrant conversion circuit is the same in both signal channels. The quadrant conversion circuit can be connected to the signal attenuation circuit 300 to jointly form the first signal path 120 and the second signal channel 130. As shown in Figure 7, the second differential circuit 700 can include a second input terminal consisting of a positive interface IN4+ and a negative interface I4-, and a second output terminal consisting of a positive structure OUT5+ and a negative interface OUT5-. Switching chips, including the twenty-fifth switch chip T25, the twenty-sixth switch chip T26, the twenty-seventh switch chip T27, and the twenty-eighth switch chip T28, are connected between the positive and negative interfaces of the second input terminal and the positive and negative interfaces of the second output terminal. The input terminal of the twenty-fifth switch chip T25 and the input terminal of the twenty-seventh switch chip T27 are coupled and connected to the interface IN4+. The input terminal of the 26th switch chip T26 and the input terminal of the 28th switch chip T28 are coupled and connected together to interface IN4-. The output terminal of the 25th switch chip T28 and the output terminal of the 26th switch chip T26 are coupled and connected together to interface OUT5+. The output terminal of the 27th switch chip T27 and the output terminal of the 28th switch chip T28 are coupled and connected together to interface OUT5-.

[0060] Of course, the second differential circuit 700 can also achieve adjustments to isolation and insertion loss by adjusting the size of the switching die and the resistors at each stage, and reduce return loss by connecting a matching circuit. For specific implementation details, please refer to the aforementioned description of the first differential circuit.

[0061] In the second differential circuit 700 described above, the positive and negative interfaces of the second input and second output terminals can be switched on or off by setting the supply voltage of each switching chip, thereby achieving state changes in the second differential circuit 700. Combinations of different states of the two second differential circuits 700 (e.g., included in the first signal channel 120 and the second channel signal 130, respectively) used to process the I-channel and Q-channel signals can achieve quadrant switching, thereby changing the initial phase of the phase-shifted first and second differential signals output after processing by the signal attenuation circuit 300. Combining the 0-90° phase shift of the signal attenuation circuit 300 with the initial phase change of the quadrant switching circuit, the phase shifting circuit 100 achieves a phase shift within the 0-360° range.

[0062] For example, the second differential circuit 700 can have four states, as illustrated in Figure 8. Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of the states of the third differential circuit 700 provided in this application, including a through state (thr, shown in Figure 8(a)), a differential state (diff, shown in Figure 8(b)), an open state (open, shown in Figure 8(c)), and a short state (short, shown in Figure 8(d)). Specifically, in the through state (thr), interfaces IN4+ to OUT5+ are on, interfaces IN4- to OUT5- are on, interfaces IN4+ to OUT5+ are off, and interfaces IN4- to OUT5+ are off. In the differential state (diff), interfaces IN4+ to OUT5+ are off, interfaces IN4- to OUT5- are off, interfaces IN4+ to OUT5+ are on, and interfaces IN4- to OUT5+ are on. In the open state, interfaces IN4+ to OUT5+ are off, interfaces IN4- to OUT5- are off, interfaces IN4+ to OUT5+ are off, and interfaces IN4- to OUT5+ are off. In the short state, interfaces IN4+ to OUT5+ are on, interfaces IN4- to OUT5- are on, interfaces IN4+ to OUT5+ are on, and interfaces IN4- to OUT5+ are on.

[0063] The selection of four quadrants can be achieved by combining the states of the two second differential circuits 700 included in the first signal channel 120 and the second channel signal 130. For example, when the state of the second differential circuit 700 in the first signal channel 120 processing the I-channel signal is the pass-through state (thr), and the state of the second differential circuit in the second signal channel 130 processing the Q-channel signal is the pass-through state (thr), it corresponds to the first quadrant Q1 (0-90°). When the state of the second differential circuit 700 in the first signal channel 120 processing the I-channel signal is the pass-through state (thr), and the state of the second differential circuit in the second signal channel 130 processing the Q-channel signal is the differential state (diff), it corresponds to the second quadrant Q2 (90°-180°). When the state of the second differential circuit 700 in the first signal channel 120 processing the I-channel signal is the differential state (diff), and the state of the second differential circuit in the second signal channel 130 processing the Q-channel signal is the differential state (diff), it corresponds to the third quadrant Q3 (180°-270°). When the second differential circuit 700 in the first signal channel 120, which processes the I-channel signal, is in the differential state (diff), and the second differential circuit in the second signal channel 130, which processes the Q-channel signal, is in the through state (thr), it corresponds to the fourth quadrant (Q4, 270°-360°). The open state (open) can be used to disconnect devices using it, such as phase shifters, and the short state (short) can be used to short-circuit devices using it, such as phase shifters. Referring to Figure 9, which shows an example diagram of the correspondence between the four quadrants and the connectivity states of the differential circuits provided in this application, the above content can be understood more clearly.

[0064] Figure 10 shows an exemplary schematic diagram of the starting phases of the four quadrants provided in this application. With 10 GHz (center frequency) as a reference, the starting phases corresponding to the four quadrants are -0.3deg, -90.6deg, 179.6deg, and 89.4deg, respectively. Thus, switching between the four quadrants can be achieved through the state combination of the second differential circuit 700 associated with the two (I / Q) signals.

[0065] Figure 11 shows an exemplary schematic diagram of the S-parameters of the starting phase in the four quadrants provided in this application. As shown in Figure 11, the S-parameters corresponding to the starting phase in the four quadrants have a return loss of less than -12dB and an insertion loss of greater than -6.1dB in the frequency range of 5GHz to 15GHz. The amplitude balance in the four states is less than ±0.1dB, showing good consistency. This indicates that the insertion loss of the phase-shifting circuit does not deteriorate due to the increase of the phase-shifting phase, that is, the additional attenuation value of the phase-shifting circuit is very small (almost close to 0). Throughout the entire frequency band, the in-band amplitude fluctuation is less than 0.2dB (maximum insertion loss -5.8dB, minimum insertion loss -6dB), indicating that the phase-shifting circuit has very small parasitic parameters at high frequencies and can also work in the ultra-wide frequency band, achieving a bandwidth of 3 octaves.

[0066] In the first signal channel 120 and the second signal channel 130, the interfaces IN4+ and IN4- of the second input terminal of the second differential circuit 700, which constitutes the quadrant conversion circuit, can be used to receive the differential signals I2+ / Q2+ or I2- / Q2- output by the signal attenuation circuit 300 / 600. Simultaneously, the interfaces OUT5+ and OUT5- of the second output terminal will output the quadrant-converted differential signals I3+ / Q3+ or I3- / Q3-. After selecting the starting phase through quadrant conversion, and combined with the 0-90° phase shift achieved through amplitude attenuation, a phase shift within the 0-360° range is achieved. The first differential signals I1+ and I1- input to the first signal channel 120, and the second differential signals Q1+ and Q1- input to the second signal channel 130, after the aforementioned processing, will yield the corresponding phase-shifted first phase-shifted signals I3+ and I3-, and the second phase-shifted signals O3+ and O3-.

[0067] Referring to Figure 12, the phase simulation results in the first quadrant provided by this application are shown. As shown in Figure 12, the signal attenuation circuit (5-bit step attenuation) disclosed in this application implements a phase shift function from 45deg to -45deg. Using phase weighting, a phase shift function from 0deg to 90deg can be achieved. This circuit structure can be directly applied to real-world scenarios. Specifically, the attenuator units of the 5-bit step attenuation have attenuation values ​​of 1dB, 2dB, 4dB, 8dB, and 16dB, achieving an attenuation range of 1dB to 31dB. The attenuation step is 1dB, achieving a minimum phase step of 5.6deg. If a smaller attenuation step is used, such as a 7-bit step attenuation (increasing by 0.5dB and 0.25dB), the attenuation range is 0.25dB to 31.75dB, achieving a minimum phase step of 2.8deg.

[0068] Figure 13 illustrates the second node circuit 140 provided in this application, which can be used to vector synthesize the input first phase-shifted signals I3+ and I3-, and the second phase-shifted signals O3+ and O3-. The second node circuit 140 may include a combiner 1310 constructed based on a differential circuit. The combiner 1310 includes two third input terminals, respectively composed of interfaces IN5+ and IN5-, and interfaces IN6+ and IN6-. These are used to receive the first phase-shifted signals I3+ and I3-, and the second phase-shifted signals O3+ and O3-. That is, the first phase-shifted signals I3+ and I3- will be input from interfaces IN5+ and IN5-, and the second phase-shifted signals O3+ and O3- will be input from interfaces IN6+ and IN6-. The combiner 1310 will vector synthesize the input signals and output a pair of synthesized differential signals from the third output terminal (composed of interfaces OUT6+ and OUT6-), which may be referred to as the synthesized signals in this application. If the phase-shifting circuit 100 is applied to a differential system (e.g., to differentiate the input signal), the synthesized signal can be designated as the phase-shifted output signal. In some applications, the second node circuit 140 may also include a third transformer 1320. The third transformer 1320 can be electrically connected to the third output of the synthesizer 1310 to convert the synthesized differential signal into a single-ended signal output from the single-ended output port OUT. This single-ended signal can be designated as the phase-shifted output signal.

[0069] Figure 14 shows that the third differential circuit 1400 provided in this application can be used as a combiner 1310. As shown in Figure 14, the third differential circuit 1400 may include an input differential network, an input differential unit, an output differential unit, and an output differential network. The input differential network may include an input port formed by a first port P+ and a second port P-. The input differential unit may include an input differential coupling line Ca. The positive terminal of the input differential coupling line Ca is connected to the first port P+, and the negative terminal is connected to the second port P-. The output differential unit may include a first coupling line C1 and a second coupling line C2. The positive terminal of the input of the first coupling line C1 is connected to the positive terminal of the output of the input differential coupling line Ca, and the negative terminal of the input of the second coupling line C2 is connected to the negative terminal of the output of the input differential coupling line Ca. Simultaneously, the negative terminal of the input of the first coupling line C1 is connected to the positive terminal of the input of the second coupling line C2. The output differential network may include a first output differential port and a second output differential port. The positive terminal D1+ of the first output differential port is connected to the positive terminal of the output of the first coupling line C1, and the negative terminal D1- is connected to the negative terminal of the output of the second coupling line C2. The positive terminal D2+ of the second output differential port is connected to the positive terminal of the output of the second coupling line C2, and the negative terminal D2- is connected to the negative terminal of the output of the first coupling line C1.

[0070] The third differential circuit 1400 described above has its first output differential port D1+ / D1- used as a third input terminal IN5+ / IN5- of the synthesizer 1310, and its second output differential port D2+ / D2- used as another third input terminal IN6+ / IN6- of the synthesizer 1310. Its input differential network P+ / P- can be used as the third output port OUT6+ / OUT6- of the synthesizer 1310. First phase-shifting signals I3+ and I3- will be input from the first output differential port D1+ / D1-, and second phase-shifting signals O3+ and O3- will be input from the second output differential port D2+ / D2-. The third differential circuit 1400 will implement vector synthesis, outputting a pair of synthesized differential signals from the input differential network P+ / P-.

[0071] The combiner 1310 disclosed in this application, constructed using a third differential circuit 1400, can realize differential / combining functions. Isolation, broadband characteristics, insertion loss, and return loss can be adjusted by regulating the electrical length of the coupling lines, odd-mode impedance, and even-mode impedance. Designed using differential coupling lines, the adjustable electrical length of the coupling lines can be adjusted to a value much smaller than 1 / 4 wavelength of the center frequency, thereby achieving a small size, reduced insertion loss, and improved isolation. Furthermore, the use of differential coupling lines gives it strong anti-interference capabilities and high suppression performance against spurious signals and noise.

[0072] The phase-shifting circuit with a differential circuit architecture disclosed in this application can be used to construct a phase shifter. It can achieve a bandwidth of 3 octaves. Referring to Figure 15, the S-parameters and phase simulation results of the phase-shifting circuit provided in this application are shown. It can also realize the phase shifter function in the 5GHz to 40GHz frequency band, with a bandwidth of 8 octaves.

[0073] As a crucial component in phased array applications, the phase shifter needs to be considered in multi-channel operation. A typical scenario involves the phase shifter's performance under open-circuit conditions when one channel is active and the others are inactive. Figure 16 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of the S-parameters and phase performance of the phase shifter circuit provided in this application in the off-circuit state. It shows that the phase shifter lacks phase continuity (i.e., no phase characteristic) in the off-circuit state, and its attenuation value is significant, thus achieving the phase shifter's open-circuit function. The circuit structure of the phase shifter in the off-circuit state can be as shown in Figure 8(c), where the second differential circuit 700 is in an open state.

[0074] The phase-shifting circuit disclosed in this application, implemented using a differential circuit architecture, achieves miniaturization and improves anti-interference capabilities. It also possesses ultra-wideband characteristics due to the differential circuit's features. Passive vector synthesis modulation technology ensures stable performance at ultra-wideband frequencies, including stable phase characteristics and stable insertion and return loss characteristics. High-precision phase shifting is achieved through high-precision signal amplitude attenuation, and the attenuator's band characteristics and high precision make the phase-shifting circuit extremely easy to implement. Furthermore, quadrant selection enables output of any phase within the 0-360° range, achieved simply by switching the differential circuit's on / off state, without increasing insertion loss due to phase increase. Vector synthesis is implemented using a high-isolation, high-bandwidth combiner; the combiner's high phase accuracy results in a very high phase-shifting accuracy. The phase-shifting circuit disclosed in this application is also applicable to both single-ended and differential interfaces, offering high application flexibility.

[0075] This application also discloses a radio frequency microwave transmission system. This system may include the phase-shifting circuit described above. For example, a digitally controlled phase shifter constructed from the phase-shifting circuit. Referring to FIG17, which shows an exemplary structural diagram of the radio frequency microwave transmission system provided in this application, the system 1700 may include a 1-to-4 differential power divider for converting an input signal, which is a differential signal, into four equal-amplitude, in-phase differential signals. Four digitally controlled attenuators, with their inputs connected to the four differential output ports of the 1-to-4 differential power divider, are used to attenuate the four differential signals output by the divider. Four digitally controlled phase shifters, with their inputs connected to the outputs of the four digitally controlled attenuators, are used to phase-shift the four differential signals output by the attenuators. These phase shifters may be constructed based on the phase-shifting circuit described above. Four baluns, with their differential ports connected to the outputs of the four digitally controlled phase shifters, are used to convert the four differential signals output by the phase shifters into four single-ended signals. Four amplifiers, each with its input connected to the matching ports of a balun, amplify the four single-ended signals output from the baluns. Four antennas, each with its receiving end connected to the output of one of the four amplifiers, transmit the four single-ended signals output from the amplifiers. This four-channel RF microwave transmission system can be used in multi-beam power divider networks, 5G MIMO communication, low-Earth orbit satellite communication, and other systems. Of course, Figure 17 is merely an example; the number of digitally controlled attenuators, digitally controlled phase shifters, baluns, amplifiers, and antennas in the RF microwave transmission system is the same as the number of differential ports on the output of a differential power divider. For example, when using a 1-to-2 differential power divider, the number of these components can be two; when using a 1-to-8 differential power divider, the number of these components can be eight. Without differential division, the number of these components can be a single.

[0076] This application also discloses a radio frequency microwave receiving system. This system may include the phase-shifting circuit described above. For example, a digitally controlled phase shifter constructed from the phase-shifting circuit. Referring to FIG18, which shows an exemplary structural diagram of the radio frequency microwave receiving system provided in this application, the system 1800 may include four antennas for receiving four single-ended signals; four low-noise amplifiers, each with its input connected to one of the four antennas, for amplifying the four single-ended signals received by the antennas; four baluns, each with its matching port connected to the output of the four low-noise amplifiers, for converting the four single-ended signals output by the low-noise amplifiers into four differential signals; four digitally controlled phase shifters, each with its input connected to the differential ports of the four baluns, for phase-shifting the four differential signals output by the baluns; and four digitally controlled attenuators, each with its input connected to the output of the four digitally controlled phase shifters, for attenuating the four differential signals output by the digitally controlled phase shifters. A 1-to-4 differential power divider connects its four differential output ports to the outputs of four digitally controlled attenuators (DCEs), converting the four differential signals output by the DCEs into a single differential signal. This four-channel RF microwave receiving system can be used in multi-beam power divider networks, 5G MIMO communication, low-Earth orbit satellite communication, and other systems. Similarly, Figure 18 is merely an example; the number of DCEs, digitally controlled phase shifters, baluns, amplifiers, and antennas included in the RF microwave receiving system is the same as the number of differential output ports of the differential power divider. For example, when using a 1-to-2 differential power divider, the number of these components can be two; when using a 1-to-8 differential power divider, the number of these components can be eight. Without differential combining, the number of these components can be a single.

[0077] This application has described the basic concepts. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, the above detailed disclosure is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation of this application. Although not explicitly stated herein, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements, and corrections to this application. Such modifications, improvements, and corrections are suggested in this application, and therefore such modifications, improvements, and corrections still fall within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this application.

[0078] Furthermore, this application uses specific terms to describe its embodiments. For example, "an embodiment," "one embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that "an embodiment," "one embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" mentioned twice or more in different locations in this application do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, certain features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of this application can be appropriately combined.

[0079] Similarly, it should be noted that, in order to simplify the description of this application and thus aid in the understanding of one or more embodiments of the invention, the foregoing description of the embodiments of this application sometimes combines multiple features into one embodiment or its description. However, this disclosure method does not imply that the subject matter of this application requires more features than those mentioned in the claims. In fact, the embodiments have fewer features than all the features of the single embodiments disclosed above.

[0080] Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this application are merely illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of this application. Other modifications may also fall within the scope of this application. Therefore, alternative configurations of the embodiments of this application are considered as examples and not limitations, and are regarded as consistent with the teachings of this application. Accordingly, the embodiments of this application are not limited to the embodiments explicitly described and illustrated in this application.

Claims

1. A phase-shifting circuit, characterized in that, The phase-shifting circuit includes: First node circuit; The second node circuit; and A first signal channel and a second signal channel are coupled between the first node circuit and the second node circuit; wherein... The first node circuit is configured to split the input signal to simultaneously output a first differential signal to the first signal channel and a second differential signal to the second signal channel; The first signal channel and the second signal channel are implemented based on a differential circuit architecture and are configured to perform signal attenuation and / or quadrant transformation on the first differential signal and the second differential signal, respectively, to achieve phase shift; The second node circuit is configured to synthesize a first phase-shifted signal output from the first signal channel and a second phase-shifted signal output from the second signal channel to obtain an output signal; the phase difference between the output signal and the input signal is between 0° and 360°.

2. The phase-shifting circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first node circuit includes: A signal processor, and a first transformer and a second transformer respectively electrically connected to the two output terminals of the quadrature coupler; The signal processor is used to generate a pair of orthogonal signals based on the input signal, and inputs them to the first transformer and the second transformer from the two output terminals respectively; The first transformer and the second transformer are used to generate the first differential signal and the second differential signal based on the input quadrature signal.

3. The phase-shifting circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first signal channel and the second signal channel are respectively connected to the first transformer and the second transformer, and each includes a signal attenuation circuit. The signal attenuation circuit includes a plurality of first differential circuits that are electrically connected in sequence. The electrical connection between two adjacent first differential circuits includes a direct connection and / or a connection through an attenuator unit, so as to achieve phase shift in the range of 0-90 degrees by attenuating the amplitude of the first differential signal and / or the second differential signal.

4. The phase-shifting circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The plurality of first differential circuits are the same and / or different.

5. The phase-shifting circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first differential circuit selects the electrical connection mode with the adjacent first differential circuit by turning on or off through the positive and negative interfaces of the first input terminal and the positive and negative interfaces of the first output terminal.

6. The phase-shifting circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the first signal channel and the second signal channel further include a quadrant conversion circuit electrically connected to the signal attenuation circuit; The quadrant transformation circuit includes a second differential circuit. The second differential circuit achieves the quadrant transformation by turning on or off the positive and negative interfaces of the second input terminal and the positive and negative interfaces of the second output terminal, so as to change the initial phase of the phase-shifted first differential signal and / or second differential signal.

7. The phase-shifting circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second node circuit includes a third differential circuit for implementing vector synthesis. The third input terminal of the third differential circuit receives the first phase shift signal and the second phase shift signal respectively, and the third output terminal outputs the synthesized signal obtained by signal synthesis.

8. The phase-shifting circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The third differential circuit includes: The input differential network includes: a first port and a second port; The input differential unit includes: an input differential coupling line; The output differential unit includes: a first coupling line and a second coupling line; and The output differential network includes: a first output differential port and a second output differential port; The positive terminal of the input differential coupling line is connected to the first port, and the negative terminal of the input line is connected to the second port. The positive terminal of the input end of the first coupling line is connected to the positive terminal of the output end of the input differential coupling line, and the negative terminal of the input end of the second coupling line is connected to the negative terminal of the output end of the input differential coupling line. The negative terminal of the first coupling line is connected to the positive terminal of the second coupling line; The positive terminal of the first output differential port is connected to the positive terminal of the first coupling line, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the second coupling line. The positive terminal of the second output differential port is connected to the positive terminal of the output of the second coupling line, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the output of the first coupling line. The first and second output differential ports of the output differential network are used to receive the first phase-shift signal and the second phase-shift signal, respectively, and the input differential network is used to output the synthesized signal.

9. The phase-shifting circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The synthesized signal is a differential signal pair, designated as the output signal; or... The second node circuit also includes a third transformer; The third transformer is electrically connected to the third output port of the third differential circuit, or the output differential network, and is used to convert the differential signal pair into a single-ended signal as the output signal.

10. A radio frequency microwave system, characterized in that, Includes the phase-shifting circuit as described in any one of claims 1-9.

Images