Compositions for reducing lactation and improving health

Abstract

The disclosure relates to solid and liquid compositions for reducing lactation, improving health, reducing the risk and or occurrence of intramammary infections, dry-off related stress, dry-off related inflammation, and / or dry-off related infections. A preferred compound is di-n-propyl disulfide.

Description

[0001]Title: Compositions for reducing lactation and improving health FIELD OF THE INVENTION The disclosure relates to solid and liquid compositions for reducing lactation, improving health, reducing the risk and or occurrence of intramammary infections, dry-off related stress, dry-off related inflammation, and / or dry-off related infections. Preferred compounds include di-n-propyl disulfide, di-ethyl disulfide, di-isopropyl disulfide, di-n- butyl-disulfide, di-benzyl disulfide, di-ethyl sulfide, di-n-propyl sulfide, di-isopropyl sulfide, di-n-butyl sulfide, di-phenyl sulfide, di-benzyl sulfide, di-n-propyl trisulfide, di-n- propyl sulfone, di-benzyl thiosulfinate, di-benzyl thiosulfonate, di-isopropyl thiosulfonate, di-n-propyl thiosulfonate (PTSO), and di-n-propyl thiosulfinate (PTS). BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the modern dairy industry, lactating animals go through controlled cycles of milking and pregnancy where there is significant overlap between the two states. A “dry period” is generally induced between 40-70 days prior to expected parturition. The dry period is the period that bridges the end of one lactation cycle to the start of a new lactation cycle following parturition. The aim of the dry period is to stop milk production. Cows that are in this part of their lactation cycle are called “dry-off cows”. The dry period allows the recovery of the mammary gland, the treatment of any intramammary infections, and can lead to high-quality milk with healthy cows in the new lactation cycle. It also provides the animal with the opportunity to produce colostrum for the calf after birth. During the dry period, changes occur within the mammary gland which are important for the rejuvenation of new udder tissue in preparation for lactation. It also provides the cow the opportunity to eliminate mastitis causing pathogens within the udder (Boutinaud. M, Isaka N., Gandemer E., Lamberton P., Wiart S., De Prado A. I., Sordillo L.M., Lollivier V. 2020). "Inhibiting prolactin by cabergoline accelerates mammary gland remodelling during the early dry period in dairy cows". Journal of Dairy Science. 100 (12): 9789–9798). Between 12 and 24 hours of the non-lactating period the level of milk protein and expression of cell survival genes decreases and this results in a loss of epithelial cells. The change in intracellular processes and gene regulation causes a decrease in milk production until all milk production from mammary epithelial cells cease (Hurley, W. L (1989). Mammary Gland Function During Involution and the Declining Phase of Lactation. Journal of Dairy Science. 72 (6): 1637–1646). Furthermore, the levels of milk- specific components such as lactose and fat also decrease and this results in a fast overall decrease of milk production. Hereafter, the mammary glands remain in a non- lactating state. Parenchymal tissue and other udder tissue redevelops within the mammary gland, prior to lactation after birth of the calf. Colostrum is produced during the end of this phase. “Dry-off day” refers to the day that the dairy farmer stops milking and the dairy animal begins the dry period. At dry-off, the mammary gland continues to synthesize and secrete milk, resulting in an increased intramammary pressure that may cause pain and discomfort for the animal (e.g., a cow). The milk is accumulated in alveoli and ducts of the mammary gland producing udder distension by 16 h after dry-off. Around 16-18 h after dry-off, intramammary pressure rises rapidly, and milk leakage and a mild inflammatory response occurs. Evidence of inflammation includes transient increase in blood flow, increased neutrophil numbers in milk and tight junction changes. Intramammary pressure peaks 2 days after dry-off and decreases afterwards, but is still present 4 or 6 days following abrupt dry-off. During abrupt dry off, the teat may open because of the high udder pressure and this may result in milk leakage. In this situation, the teat is a possible entrance of harmful microorganisms that may result in (subclinical) mastitis. The formation of a keratin plug in each teat canal is an important natural defense mechanism against intramammary infections. However, not all cows make such a keratin plug during the dry-off period. Generally, when cows are producing less than 15-20 liters of milk per day, milking can be stopped abruptly. Abrupt dry-off is the most common dry-off method that is applied by 75% of US dairy farms. With this method, milking is suddenly stopped on a day determined by the expected calving date and the corresponding length of the dry period length. Abrupt dry-off is usually recommended for cows with milk yield lower than 15 - 18 kg at the dry-off date. As the density of milk is approximately 1.032 kg / liter, this is equivalent to between 14.5-17.5 liters. Advantages of abrupt dry-off are convenience and less labour than other dry-off methods. The disadvantage of abrupt dry-off is an increased risk of mastitis due to the greater risk of leaking milk and intramammary pressure at dry-off, which is most likely to happen with high-producing cows. For example, the chance of getting mastitis increase by 77% for every 5-kg increase in milk yield above 12.5 kg at dry-off. Although udder pressure increases in all cows after dry-off, udder pressure is the highest in high-producing cows and the lowest in low-producing cows. This leads to udder swelling and increased chance on mastitis. Furthermore, to abruptly dry off cows with milk yield above 25 to 30 kg / day may result in less lying time during the 3 days after dry-off. Less lying time increases acidosis and lameness from lower rates of rumination and saliva production. Blanket dry cow treatment (BDCT) (all quarters / all cows received an antimicrobial, regardless of their infection status) dry cow therapy is usually recommended to reduce risk of intramammary infection for cows abruptly dried off, especially when milk yield at dry-off is high. Dry off management therapies may be used prior to drying off for cows producing more than 15 liters of milk per day. For example, gradual milking is a method to reduce milk yield before dry-off by reducing milking frequency. This results in a decline of milk secretion and the mammary gland involution is stimulated. A few studies investigated the effect of milking frequency before dry-off on udder health. The advantage of gradual milking over abrupt dry-off is a reduced risk of new intramammary infections both in the dry period and after calving as a result of reduced milk yield at dry-off, reduced risk of milk leaking, and lower intramammary pressure. Many studies supported gradual milking in order to reduce milk yield before dry-off, nevertheless it was reported that this method had the disadvantage of slowing down the formation of a keratin plug in the teat end. Therefore, cows that are gradually milked should be milked at least once per day for the reduction of the risk of mastitis. Another disadvantage of gradual milking is that udder size decrease occurs less slowly and the presence of an inflammatory response that negatively affects cow comfort. Nevertheless, cows with a reduced milking frequency spend less time with lying down: the latter is a sign of discomfort. However, there are some evidences that this practice may still cause some discomfort due to udder distension. Another approach to reduce milk yield is gradual feeding. In 2016 the USDA reported that 82% and 18% of cows in the US were abruptly and gradually dried-off, respectively. With this method, milk yield is reduced by slowing down the rate of glucose transportation to the mammary gland through feeding. Gradual feeding can be done by several ways, such as stop feeding concentrates (during 14 days before dry-off), reduction of dry matter intake (for 14 days), giving a low-energy diet (7 days before dry-off), or stop feeding hay (for 5 days before dry-off). Feeding only straw may have contributed to negative effects on cow health, such as decreased heart rate at dry-off, increased plasma cortisol concentrations and increased somatic cell counts. Although, the gradual feeding method may be effective to reduce milk yield prior to dry-off, extreme metabolic stresses by the extent of the feed restriction during the gradual feeding period should be avoided. The advantage of gradual feeding is reduced milk production at dry-off, and this is associated with reduced risk of new intramammary infections. Because of the lower milk yield, gradual feeding might be preferred over gradual milking. By gradual feeding, milk yield reduction is induced by reduction of nutrients to the mammary gland rather than by the mechanism of udder pressure that contributes to udder engorgement. It was reported that milk leakage is less than half for cows with reduced dry matter intake compared to cows that were abruptly dried off. Thus, lower risk of mastitis from milk leakage is presumed for gradual feeding compared to gradual milking. Nevertheless, there are disadvantages of this method. Gradual feeding through the reduction of dry matter intake could elevate stress levels of cows. This stress may result to impaired immunity and a negative energy balance. In addition, a negative effect on calf birth weight is a concern if the nutritional deficiency is too large and the lower nutrition occurs longer than 80 to 90 days during gestation. Another disadvantage of gradual feeding is the additional labour requirement. The consequence is that gradual feeding is less feasible on smaller dairy farms where feeding cows with many total mixed rations is often problematic. Despite significant research efforts, it has been difficult to develop universal management methods to reduce the milk yield without causing any side effects for animal health or welfare (Martin et al., 2020. Automated gradual reduction of milk yield before dry-off: Effects on udder health, involution and inner teat morphology. Livestock Science, 233, 103942). The reduction of lactation in a mammal can be a painful process. This is especially true for mammals that undergo this process often. Drying-off of cows is a risky, painful and stressful period. The mammary gland continues to secrete milk during early involution, which results in an increased udder pressure and milk leakage. This may result in increased risk on intra mammary infections followed by (subclinical) mastitis, discomfort, pain and stress for the cow. The higher the milk productivity of the cow, the higher the risk on mastitis and the more pain and stress are. The health condition of the udder plays an essential role in dairy animals both from a health and wellness perspective as well as from an economic perspective. The infection in mammary glands of dairy animals, such as cows, known as mastitis, has a significant economic impact on dairy farms worldwide. Several factors are known to disrupt the balance at the level of the udder which can compromise the ability of the dairy animal to kill microorganisms causing mastitis. Consequently, host response mechanisms may be incapable of triggering an efficient defense response to eliminate invading pathogens leading to bacterial colonization of the udder and the onset of clinical or subclinical mastitis. Bacterial colonization and especially the formation of bacterial reservoirs in the udder of dairy cattle are generally difficult to combat, leading to infections that are generally treated with antibiotics. At dry-off, involution (the state of the mammary gland that changes from lactating to non-lactating) is initiated by a sudden cessation of milk removal. After the dry-off date, the udder is susceptible to new intramammary infections once milk accumulates in the udder. Reasons for this susceptibility may be due to the shortening of the teat canal from udder pressure and the keratin plug has not completely formed. During the dry period of dairy cows about 10% to 17% of the udder quarters develop a new intramammary infection that can result to (subclinical) mastitis. (Pantoja at al. 2009. Somatic cell count status across the dry period as a risk factor for the development of clinical mastitis in the subsequent lactation. Journal of dairy science, 92(1), 139-148 ). Infections acquired in this period result in a higher chance of mastitis in the subsequent lactation (Capuco et al, 1997. A study of the incidence and significance of intramammary enterobacterial infections acquired during the dry period. Journal of dairy science, 83(9), 1957-1965). Because of mastitis, milk yields are lower and the quality of the milk is worse and result to relatively high economic losses (Hertl et al., 2014. Pathogen-specific effects on milk yield in repeated clinical mastitis episodes in Holstein dairy cows. Journal of dairy science, 97(3), 1465-1480) and veterinary costs. Therefore, it is important to prevent intramammary infections. Treatment with a local antibiotic (AB) at the start of the dry period results in a reduction in (subclinical) mastitis, but seldom solves the problem because of the formation of biofilms in which the bacteria are in a dormant phase, that makes them relatively unsensitive to antibiotics. Scherpenzeel et al. found an incidence rate of clinical mastitis 1.7 higher in quarters that were dried off without antibiotic in comparison with quarters that were dried off with antibiotics (Scherpenzeel et al., 2014. Evaluation of the use of dry cow antibiotics in low somatic cell count cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(6), 3606- 3614). Since the use of antibiotics is only allowed for curative purpose to prevent microbial antibiotic resistance in many countries, it is important to find other ways for high quality dry period management to decrease the development of mastitis in the subsequent lactation. Dry cows represent a significant perspective with respect to the future profitability of a dairy farm. Appropriate care, feeding, and management of the dry cows facilitate to improve milk production and udder health of the cow during the next lactation. In contrast, poor management practices during the dry period may result in a decrease of the milk production by 1,100 litres of milk. Thus, appropriate care during the dry period is of importance to obtain a productive and profitable dairy herd. In humans, the lactation cycle begins at conception. Delivery of the placenta triggers the transition to milk secretion and sustained mild synthesis required regular milk removal. The lactation cycle is complete following weaning of the infant. Beneficial effects of organosulfur compounds in reducing lactation in a mammal and for use in drying-off lactating dairy animals were described previously in WO2023 / 200340, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. One object of the present disclosure is to provide a novel and improved compositions comprising said organosulfur compounds. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The following are preferred embodiments of the disclosure. 1. A solid composition comprising a compound according to Formula II Formula II, wherein R1and R2are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; Q1is selected from the group consisting of -S-S-, -S-, -S-S-S-, -S(O)2-, -S(O)-S-, and -S(O)2- S-; provided that the compound according to Formula II is not diphenyl disulfide; wherein preferably R1and R2are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkyl, and benzyl; preferably said C1-4 alkyl is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, or n-butyl; preferably said C1-4 alkyl and benzyl are unsubstituted; and one or more absorbents. 2. A solid composition comprising a compound according to Formula I Formula I, wherein R1and R2are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkyl, and benzyl; wherein preferably said C1-4 alkyl is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, or n-butyl; wherein preferably said C1-4 alkyl and benzyl are unsubstituted; and one or more absorbents. 3. The solid composition according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein R1and R2are identical. 4. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the compound is selected from di-n-propyl disulfide, di-methyl disulfide, di-ethyl disulfide, di-isopropyl disulfide, di-n-butyl-disulfide, and di-benzyl disulfide. 5. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the compound is di-n-propyl disulfide. 6. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the compound is selected from di-n-propyl sulfide, di-ethyl sulfide, di-isopropyl sulfide, di-n- butyl sulfide, di-phenyl sulfide, di-benzyl sulfide, di-n-propyl trisulfide, di-n-propyl sulfone, di-benzyl thiosulfinate, di-benzyl thiosulfonate, di-isopropyl thiosulfonate, di-n- propyl thiosulfonate (PTSO), and di-n-propyl thiosulfinate (PTS). 7. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the absorbent is selected from silicon dioxide, bentonite, sepiolite, zeolite, or a combination thereof. 8. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the absorbent is silicon dioxide. 9. The solid composition according to embodiment 8, comprising from 15% to 30% by weight silicon dioxide, preferably from 20% to 25% by weight. 10. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the solid composition further comprises one or more lubricating substances selected from calcium stearate, magnesium oxide, magnesium stearate, talc, stearic acid, and sodium stearyl fumarate, preferably wherein the lubricating substance is calcium stearate, magnesium oxide and / or magnesium stearate. 11. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the solid composition further comprises one or more binders selected from dextrose monohydrate, starch, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), preferably wherein the binder is a dextrose monohydrate. 12. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the solid composition further comprises one or more stabilizers, preferably wherein the stabilizer is silicified microcrystalline cellulose. 13. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the solid composition further comprises one or more diluents, preferably wherein the diluent is dicalcium phosphate, more preferably dicalcium phosphate anhydrate. 14. The solid composition method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the solid composition further comprises one or more emulsifiers, preferably wherein the emulsifier is glyceryl polyethyleneglycol ricinoleate. 15. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the solid composition is formulated as a single dose unit comprising at least 5 grams, preferably at least 10 grams, more preferably at least 15 grams of the compound. 16. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solid composition further comprises rosemary extract or cinnamaldehyde, preferably cinnamaldehyde. 17. A liquid composition comprising a compound according to Formula II Formula II, wherein R1and R2are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; Q1is selected from the group consisting of -S-S-, -S-, -S-S-S-, -S(O)2-, -S(O)-S-, and -S(O)2- S-; provided that the compound according to Formula II is not diphenyl disulfide; wherein preferably R1and R2are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkyl, and benzyl; preferably said C1-4 alkyl is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, or n-butyl; preferably said C1-4 alkyl and benzyl are unsubstituted; an emulsifier and a solubilizing agent. 18. A liquid composition comprising a compound according to Formula I Formula I, wherein R1and R2are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkyl, and benzyl; wherein preferably said C1-4 alkyl is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, or n-butyl; wherein preferably said C1-4 alkyl and benzyl are unsubstituted; an emulsifier and a solubilizing agent. 19. The liquid composition according to embodiment 17 or 18, wherein R1and R2are identical. 20. The liquid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the compound is selected from di-n-propyl disulfide, di-methyl disulfide, di-ethyl disulfide, di-isopropyl disulfide, di-n-butyl-disulfide, and di-benzyl disulfide. 21. The liquid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the compound is di-n-propyl disulfide. 22. The liquid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the compound is selected from di-n-propyl sulfide, di-ethyl sulfide, di-isopropyl sulfide, di-n-butyl sulfide, di-phenyl sulfide, di-benzyl sulfide, di-n-propyl trisulfide, di-n-propyl sulfone, di-benzyl thiosulfinate, di-benzyl thiosulfonate, di-isopropyl thiosulfonate, di-n- propyl thiosulfonate (PTSO), and di-n-propyl thiosulfinate (PTS). 23. The liquid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the solubilizing agent is selected from any one of glycols, glycerol, vegetable oils, or a combination thereof, preferably wherein the solubilizing agent is glycol. 24. The liquid composition according to embodiment 23, comprising from 20% v / v to 80% v / v solubilizing agent, preferably from 25% v / v to 50% v / v, more preferably from 30% v / v to 40% v / v. 25. The liquid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the solubilizing agent is propylene glycol. 26. The liquid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the emulsifier is a non-ionic emulsifier, preferably wherein the non-ionic emulsifier is a polyol ester of ricinoleic acid, more preferably glyceryl polyethyleneglycol ricinoleate. 27. The liquid composition according to embodiment 26, wherein the liquid composition comprises from 15% v / v to 35% v / v emulsifier, preferably 20% v / v to 30% v / v. 28. The solid or liquid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, the composition further comprising a prolactin inhibitor such as cabergolin, quinagolide; casein hydrolysate; or an acidogenic mineral bolus. 29. The solid or liquid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the composition is formulated as a single dose unit comprising at least 50 grams, preferably at least 70 grams of the compound. 30. The solid or liquid composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, the composition further comprising an antibiotic, antifungal, or anti-inflammatory agent. 31. The solid or liquid composition of any one of the preceding embodiments for use in a) in reducing lactation in a mammal;b) in reducing the occurrence of dry-off related stress, dry-off related inflammation,or dry-off related infections in a mammal; c) increasing milk production in a lactation cycle following dry-off; and / ord) in promoting the health and well-being of a lactating mammal, preferablywherein promoting the health and well-being of a lactating mammal includes any one or more of the following: increasing blood calcium and / or phosphorus levels, reducing systemic inflammation, reduced fat mobilization, and supporting amino acid mobilization; preferably in reducing lactation in a mammal. 32. A method, comprising administering to a lactating mammal the solid composition or liquid composition of any one of the preceding embodiments. Preferably wherein the method is for reducing lactation in a mammal; for reducing dry-off related complications, for reducing the occurrence of dry-off related stress, dry-off related inflammation, or dry- off related infections in a mammal; or for promoting the health and well-being of a lactating mammal. 33. The solid composition for use, the liquid composition for use or the method according to embodiment 31 or 32, wherein said mammal is a ruminant, preferably a cow. 34. The solid composition for use, the liquid composition for use or the method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the use is combined with a dry cow therapy. 35. The solid composition for use, the liquid composition for use or the method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, comprising selecting a gestating cow that produces at least 10 liters of milk per day and administering to said cow the solid composition. 36. The solid composition for use, the liquid composition for use or the method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein milking is abruptly or gradually ceased in said mammal and said solid composition or said liquid composition is administered prior to or on the day that said milking is ceased. 37. The solid composition for use or the method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the solid composition is administered multiple times, preferably 4 times, within a 12 hour period, preferably within a 8 hour period, more preferably within a period of 30 minutes. 38. A method for producing the solid composition of any one of the preceding embodiments, the method comprising: -providing an absorbent;- adding a compound according to formula I or II, preferably DPD, to saidabsorbent; -optionally further adding one or more excipients;- mixing the ingredients to obtain a uniform mixture; and- compressing the uniform mixture into a solid composition.39. A method for preparing the liquid composition of any one of the preceding embodiments, the method comprising: -providing a solubilizing agent and an emulsifier;- adding a compound according to formula I or II, preferably DPD;- optionally further adding one or more excipients; and- mixing the ingredients to obtain the liquid composition.40. Di-n-propyl disulfide or the solid or liquid composition of any of the preceding embodiments for use in reducing the risk of dry-off related complications, preferably wherein the dry-off related complications are selected from ketosis, systemic inflammation, hypocalcemia, muscle weakness, and fatty liver syndrome. 41. A method for reducing the risk of dry-off related complications, the method comprising administering to a lactating mammal di-n-propyl disulfide or the solid or liquid composition of any of the preceding embodiments. 42. A solid composition of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least 60% of the DPD is released within 60 minutes when tested according to USP <711> using Apparatus 3 (reciprocating cylinder), in an aqueous medium at pH 6–7, at 37.0 ± 0.5 °C, with a volume of 500–1000 mL and operated at 30 dips per minute ± 5%. The USP <711> is modified to mimic rumen conditions. 43. A solid composition of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least 60% of the DPD is released within 60 minutes when tested using Apparatus 3 (reciprocating cylinder), in an aqueous medium at pH 6–7, at 37.0 ± 0.5 °C, with a volume of 500–1000 mL and operated at 30 dips per minute ± 5%. In some embodiments, at least 80% of the DPD is released within 60 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 80% of the DPD is released within 30 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 50% of the DPD is released within 30 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 80% of the DPD is released within 30 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 99 or 100% of the DPD is released within 90 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 99 or 100% of the DPD is released within 30 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 50% of the DPD is released within 120 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 80% of the DPD is released within 120 minutes. In some embodiments, at least 99 or 100% of the DPD is released within 120 minutes. Preferably, milking is abruptly or gradually ceased in said mammal and said composition or di-n-propyl disulfide is administered on the day that said milking is ceased. For example, after the final milking of the mammal, di-n-propyl disulfide is administered. Preferably wherein between 50-80 grams of di-n-propyl disulfide is administered, more preferably between 50-60 grams of di-n-propyl disulfide is administered. Preferably, said solid compositions release at least 80% of the total di-n-propyl disulfide into the rumen within 60 minutes after administration. For example, if a bolus comprises 80 grams of di-n-propyl disulfide, then at least 64 grams of di-n-propyl disulfide is released within 60 minutes after administration. In some embodiments, at least 80% of the total di-n-propyl disulfide is released into the rumen within 30 minutes after administration. In some embodiments, at least 90% of the total di-n-propyl disulfide is released into the rumen within 30 minutes after administration. In some embodiments, at least 100% of the total di-n-propyl disulfide is released into the rumen within 30 minutes after administration. In some embodiments, at least 60% of the total di-n-propyl disulfide into the rumen within 60 minutes after administration. In some embodiments, at least 40% of the total di-n-propyl disulfide into the rumen within 60 minutes after administration. Such compositions are useful for any of the methods or uses as disclosed herein. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1. Appearance of the DPD liquid 1.0 composition. Left side: depicts stable end formulation. Right side: depicts gel formation in DPD liquid 1.0 composition after addition of 30% water. Figure 2. Depicts a lump of a non-dissolved, jelly substance after addition of higher amount of water to the DPD liquid 1.0 composition. Figure 3. Appearance of the DPD liquid 3.0 composition. Left side: depicts stable end formulation. Right side: depicts DPD liquid 3.0 composition after addition of 30% water with the substances uniformly dissolved and no gel formation. Figure 4. Appearance of the DPD liquid A composition upon preparation thereof. Figure 5. Appearance of the DPD liquid B composition after exposure to stress conditions with visible separation. Figure 6. Appearance of the DPD liquid 3.0 composition after exposure to stress conditions with no separation or lumps observed. Figure 7. Flow measurement of the DPD liquid 3.0 composition with different amounts of water added. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSED EMBODIMENTS The disclosure provides compositions useful for a number of methods. It will be clear to a skilled person that when reference is made to the use, administration, etc. of a compound, this also includes the use, administration, etc. of a composition comprising said compound. The disclosure provides compositions comprising compounds as described herein useful for reducing lactation in a mammal. As used herein, “lactation” refers to the secretion of milk by the mammary glands. The compounds and compositions disclosed herein are thus useful in reducing milk yield. In some embodiments, milk yield is reduced by at least 10% as compared to milk yield prior to treatment. In some embodiments, the above comparison is made between one day prior to treatment as compared to one day post treatment. The compositions as disclosed herein are useful in the prophylactic treatment of intramammary infections such as mastitis. One of the factors that is important to the potential occurrence of mastitis is high milk production before dry off. One study established that cows with a milk yield >5 kg just before the start of the dry period had a 3 times greater probability to develop a new (subclinical) mastitis compared with cows with a lower milk yield (Dingwell et al., 2001. Impact of milk production and important management factors on the process of dry-off in lactating dairy cows, Dairy Day 2001, p.27). Another study demonstrated that for every 5 kg increase in milk yield above 12.5 kg there was an increasing probability of 77% to have an environmental (subclinical) mastitis at calving (Rajala-Schultz et al., 2005. Association between milk yield at dry-off and probability of intramammary infections at calving. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(2), 577-579). A higher milk production resulted in a higher pressure of the udder and a possible increase in milk leaking (Summers et al., 2004. Influence of feeding level after drying off on incidence of mastitis and keratin plug formation in dairy cows. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 2004, Vol 64). Milk leakage during the dry period resulted in a 4 times higher change on developing clinical mastitis in the dry period (Schukken et al., 1993. A randomized blind trial on dry cow antibiotic infusion in a low somatic cell count herd. Journal of Dairy Science, 76(10), 2925- 2930). A study established that cows with a high milk yield before the start of the dry period have a higher percentage of open teat canals at week 2 and 3 of the dry period and a higher change to develop (subclinical) mastitis just after calving compared with a lower milk yield at the start of the dry period (Odensten et al., 2007. Metabolism and udder health at dry-off in cows of different breeds and production levels. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(3), 1417-1428). Closed or sealed teat canals are less sensitive to develop mastitis in the dry period than open teat canals (Williamson et al., 1995. The prophylactic effect of a dry-cow antibiotic against Streptococcus uberis. New Zealand veterinary journal, 43(6), 228-234). A quick development of the keratin plug after the start of the dry period is therefore important to prevent new intra-mammillary infections in the dry period (Lacy-Hulbert et al., 1999. Sealing of the bovine teat canal after drying off. In Proceeding-New Zealand Society of Animal Production (Vol. 59, pp. 198-200). This keratin plug forms a physical barrier and prevents for bacteria to enter the teat canal in this way. A low milk yield at the start of the dry period is beneficial to minimize milk leaking and stimulate the formation of the keratin plug. This prevents intra-mammillary infections and the resulting new (subclinical) mastitis in the dry period. As used herein, “prophylactic treatment of intramammary infections” refers to a reduction in the likelihood of intramammary infections in the breast or udder and / or a reduction of the severity and / or duration of symptoms from the infection. Preferably, said treatment is for a mammal. Preferably, said treatment results in maintaining the health of an individual. The compositions as disclosed herein are useful in reducing the occurrence of infections, in particular dry-off related infections or infections associated with weaning. Infections can be caused by a wide range of pathogens, most prominently bacteria and viruses. In udder infections also other microorganisms are involved, for example micro- algae as Prototeca spp, Mycoplasma spp., virus, yeast and fungi. Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation, followed by an adaptive response. The most prominent microorganisms that may penetrate the udder and cause bovine mastitis are the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactia, Streptococcus dysgalactiae as well as Serratia marcescens, Leptospira spp., Pseudomonas spp., Brucella spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Mycobacterium spp, and other facultative pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae; and the micro-algae Prototheca spp. Examples of viruses that may penetrate the mammary gland and may directly or indirectly cause mastitis are bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 2, vaccinia, bovine viral diarrhoea virus cowpox, pseudocowpox, vesicular stomatitis, foot-and-mouth disease viruses, and bovine papillomaviruses, bovine immunodeficiency virus, parainfluenza 3 and bovine leukaemia virus infections can play an (indirect) role in the aetiology of bovine mastitis. These viruses can induce teat lesions, for instance in the ductus papillaris, which result in a reduction of the natural defense mechanisms of the udder and indirectly in bovine mastitis due to bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, there is also an increased chance that potential pathogenic yeast, protozoa, and fungi enter the teat during dry-off, for example Candida spp, Cryptococcus spp, Rhodotorula spp, Stephanoascus spp, and Trichosporum spp., Kodamaea spp and Kloeckeria spp., Aspergillus spp, and Neospora. The compositions as disclosed herein are useful in reducing the occurrence of inflammation, in particular dry-off related inflammation or inflammation associated with weaning. Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to (harmful) stimuli, such as pathogens and less or little milking, and is a protective response involving immune cells and molecular mediators. A function of inflammation is to eliminate the pathogens. As a skilled person will recognize, reducing systemic inflammation or the risk of developing systemic inflammation promotes the health and well-being of a lactating mammal. During the dry off period or during weaning, infections (such as udder infections in cows) may occur resulting in inflammation of the tissue. The activated immune cells and the inflammatory response can also damage the tissue, for example in the milk gland. Suppression of the inflammatory response may therefore prevent or reduce damage to the tissue. For example, the milk gland is less damaged and the milk production of the cow will recover faster. The compositions as disclosed herein are useful in reducing the occurrence of stress, in particular dry-off related stress or stress associated with weaning. While such uses are for prevention, a skilled person recognizes that prevention is normally not a 100% decrease. Rather, there is a reduction in likelihood as compared to an individual not treated with a compound of the invention. For example, reference herein to, e.g., reducing the risk of systemic inflammation refers to reducing the likelihood that a treated mammal develop systemic inflammation as compared to a mammal not treated with the compositions disclosed herein. Similarly, reference to, e.g., increasing blood calcium and / or phosphorus levels refers to the average increase of blood calcium and / or phosphorus levels in a group of treated mammals as compared to the levels in a group of mammals not treated with the compositions disclosed herein. The compositions as disclosed herein are useful for promoting the health and / or well- being of a lactating mammal in particular where the reduction of milk production is desired. As discussed above, the process of weaning and drying off can be painful, stressful, and has risks for intramammary infections. The compounds and compositions disclosed herein, have positive effects during the process of weaning and drying off. The compounds and compositions disclosed herein also increase blood calcium and / or phosphorus levels, reduce systemic inflammation or the risk thereof, reduce fat mobilization, and supporting amino acid mobilization. As a skilled person will appreciate, these all contribute to promoting the health and / or well-being of a lactating mammal. The composition may be administered to a mammal in combination with the cessation of milking, as described further herein. In particular, the composition may be administered prior to or on the day that milking is (abruptly or gradually) ceased in said mammal. The term 'dry-off' refers to the final milking at the end of lactation before the dry period. The composition is preferable administered after the final milking. In preferred embodiments, the liquid formulation is administered within 3 hours, preferably within 2 hours after the last milking at the time of drying off. The compositions as disclosed herein are useful for reducing the risk of dry-off related complications. A skilled persons is well aware of dry-off related complications which include, e.g., ketosis, systemic inflammation, hypocalcemia, muscle weakness, and fatty liver syndrome. The compositions as disclosed herein can be administered to any mammal, preferably a lactating mammal. In some embodiments the mammal is a human. In some embodiments the mammal is a non-human mammal. Preferable, the mammal is a ruminant (such as cows and goats), more preferably a cow. In some embodiments, the mammal is gestating. In particular embodiments, the compounds and compositions are administered to a gestating, lactating mammal in order to reduce lactation prior to parturition. In some embodiments the mammal is a cow, preferably cows with a milk production of greater than 10 L / day, preferably 11.5 L / day, are selected for treatment. In some embodiments the mammal is a cow, preferably a cow with a milk production of greater than 12.5 kg / day, greater than 20 kg / day, or greater than 25 kg / day is selected for treatment. In some embodiments, the compositions as disclosed herein, preferably DPD, may improve and / or increase milk production of the cow during the next lactation cycle following dry-off. See, e.g., Example 5. The disclosure relates to compositions comprising compounds according to Formula I Formula I, wherein R1and R2are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkyl, and phenyl. In some embodiments, R1and R2are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkyl, and benzyl. In preferred embodiments, R1and R2are identical. The disclosure further relates to compositions comprising compounds according to Formula II Formula II, wherein R1and R2are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkyl, phenyl, and benzyl; Q1is selected from the group consisting of -S-S-, -S-, -S-S-S-, -S(O)2-, -S(O)-S-, and -S(O)2- S-; provided that the compound according to Formula II is not diphenyl disulfide. In some embodiments, the compound according to Formula II is not diethyl sulfide. In preferred embodiments, R1and R2are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkyl, and benzyl. In preferred embodiments, R1and R2are identical. As used herein, “alkyl” relates to a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl group. Unless stated otherwise, an alkyl group can be linear or branched. Preferably, alkyl groups are linear. As used herein, alkyl groups can be substituted or unsubstituted. Preferably, alkyl groups are unsubstituted. Preferably said C1-4 alkyl is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl or n-butyl. As used herein, “substituted” indicates that a group contains one or more substituents. Preferably, the substituents are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -C(O)OH, -C(O)NH2, -OH, =O, C1-3 alkoxy, -NH2, -NO2, -SO3H, and CF3. Preferably, halogens are selected from the group consisting of -Cl, -F, -Br, and -I. Most preferably, a halogen is -Cl. In preferred embodiments, the groups as disclosed herein contain at most three substituents, more preferably at most two substituents, and most preferably at most one substituent. Preferably said C1-4 alkyl and phenyl are unsubstituted. Preferably said C1-4 alkyl and benzyl are unsubstituted. In preferred embodiments, the compound according to Formula I is selected from the group consisting of di-n-propyl disulfide, di-methyl disulfide, di-ethyl disulfide, di-n- butyl-disulfide, and di-phenyl disulfide. In preferred embodiments, the compound according to Formula I or Formula II, is selected from the group consisting of di-n-propyl disulfide, di-methyl disulfide, di-ethyl disulfide, di-isopropyl disulfide, di-n-butyl- disulfide, and di-benzyl disulfide. In preferred embodiments, a compound of the invention is selected from the compounds described in Table 18 of WO2023 / 200340. In preferred embodiments, the compound according to Formula I or Formula II is di-n- propyl disulfide. In preferred embodiments, the compound according to Formula II is selected from the group consisting of diethyl sulfide, di-n-propyl sulfide, di-isopropyl sulfide, di-n-butyl sulfide, di-phenyl sulfide, di-benzyl sulfide, di-n-propyl trisulfide, di-n-propyl sulfone, di- benzyl thiosulfinate, di-benzyl thiosulfonate, di-isopropyl thiosulfonate, di-n-propyl thiosulfonate (PTSO), and di-n-propyl thiosulfinate (PTS). In some embodiments, the compounds are obtained from natural sources such as plants. Compounds can be extracted from plant material in various ways. The appropriate method depends on the chemical properties of the compounds. For example, the extraction can start with a non-polar solvent and follow that with solvents of increasing polarity. The compounds may also be synthetically prepared. In preferred embodiments, the compound according to Formula I or Formula II is selected from the group consisting of di-n-propyl disulfide (DPD; CAS#629-19-6), di- methyl disulfide (CAS#624-92-0), di-ethyl disulfide (CAS#110-81-6), di-isopropyl disulfide (CAS#4253-89-8), di-n-butyl-disulfide (CAS#629-45-8), di-phenyl disulfide (CAS#882-33-7), and di-benzyl disulfide (CAS#150-60-7). In preferred embodiments, the compound according to Formula II is selected from the group consisting of di-ethyl sulfide (CAS#352-93-2), di-n-propyl sulfide (CAS#111-47-7), di-isopropyl sulfide (CAS#625-80-9), di-n-butyl sulfide (CAS#544-40-1), di-phenyl sulfide (CAS#139-66-2), di- benzyl sulfide (CAS#538-74-9), di-n-propyl trisulfide (CAS#6028-61-1), di-n-propyl sulfone (CAS#598-03-8), di-benzyl thiosulfinate (CAS#16302-98-0), di-benzyl thiosulfonate (CAS#16601-40-4), di-isopropyl thiosulfonate (CAS#10027-69-7), di-n- propyl thiosulfonate (PTSO; CAS#1113-13-9), and di-n-propyl thiosulfinate (PTS; CAS#1948-52-3). These compounds are commercially available, e.g., by Sigma-Aldrich. In a preferred embodiment, the compound is di-n-propyl disulfide (DPD). As mentioned above, beneficial effects of compounds described herein were described previously in WO2023 / 200340, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In particular, as described in WO2023 / 200340, DPD was surprisingly shown to reduce milk yield with no apparent toxic side effects. A dose of 200 grams di-n-propyl disulfide was administered to a cow without demonstrating any adverse effects. In the examples described in WO2023 / 200340, 80 ml pure di-n-propyl disulfide disulphide reduced milk yield as well as a dose as low as 20ml of DPD (Example 2 of WO2023 / 200340). The density of di-n-propyl disulfide is 0.96 g / ml (25^ C). An 80 ml dose of pure di-n-propyl disulphide thus corresponds to 77 grams. In preferred embodiments, the compositions are prepared with a source of DPD comprising at least 95%, at least 98% or at least 99% pure DPD. The disclosure provides a solid composition comprising a compound according to Formula II or I as described above, and one or more absorbents. The solid compositions described herein may be associated with a number of advantages, including improved stability, longer shelf-life, and ready to use compositions. Moreover, the solid compositions can be administered using standard equipment, such as bolus shooters, ensuring reliable delivery. In addition, the use of suitable absorbents provides favorable disintegration and release profiles, supporting consistent efficacy. The term “absorbent” refers to an excipient with the ability to take in and retain liquids, gases, or other substances through processes such as adsorption, absorption, or capillary action. Preferably, the substances are absorbed through capillary action or absorption. An absorbent may be selected from any one of silicon dioxide, bentonite, sepiolite, zeolite, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the absorbent is silicon dioxide (also known as silica, CAS No. 112926-008). Preferably, silicon dioxide is an amorphous silica such as E551a as registered under The Feed Additives Regulation EC No 1831 / 2003. As demonstrated in the examples, the prepared solid composition had no or hardly any sulfurous odor. In some embodiments, it is hypothesized that said reduced or no odor of a solid composition is obtained due to ability of an absorbent such as silica to absorb the compounds described herein. The high absorption capacity of silica may make it possible to transfer substances, including oily substance and substances with oily consistency such as compounds described herein, into powdery formulation. In some embodiments, the solid composition as disclosed herein comprises from 10% to 40% by weight absorbent, preferably from 15% to 30% by weight, more preferably from 20% to 25% by weight. While adsorbents such as silicon dioxide have high uptake capacity, excessive loading may cause problems during compression and / or result in a formulation that is unstable or exhibits undesired properties. In order to produce a high quality bolus composition, a suitable ratio of silicon dioxide compared to liquid substances should be selected. For example, if silicon dioxide is overloaded with liquid substances containing DPD, its pores cannot firmly retain all of the material under pressure. As a result, some of the DPD is “squeezed out” during compression, appearing as a free liquid. This may lead to instability of bolus such as a greasy surface, loss of uniformity and compromised release properties. As shown in the Examples, a ratio of around 1:1 of silicon dioxide to liquid substances (such as DPD, onion oil, rosemary extract, glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate, cinnamaldehyde) was surprisingly shown as favorable, resulting in a solid bolus formulation with desired properties In some embodiments, the solid composition as disclosed herein comprises from 10% to 40% by weight silica, preferably from 15% to 30% by weight, more preferably from 20% to 25% by weight. In some embodiments, the solid composition comprises a silicon dioxide-to-liquid (including DPD) ratio ranging from 1:1.5 to 1:0.5, preferably from 1:1.3 to 1:0.7. While less silica may be used, the amount of DPD would need to be reduced in order to produce a high quality product. This in turn would require more boluses to be administered, especially in larger animals. In a preferred embodiment, the solid composition comprises from 20% to 25% by weight of silicon dioxide, from 16.5% to 22% DPD. Preferably the silicon dioxide-to-liquid (including DPD) ratio ranges from 1:1.3 to 1:0.7. The solid composition may further comprise one or more additional excipients, such as lubricating substances, binders, diluents, emulsifiers, or a combination thereof. A skilled person understands that some of the excipients may have characteristics of two or more classes of excipients. For example, an excipient may act as both, lubricating substance and binder (e.g. calcium stearate). In some embodiments, the solid composition further comprises one or more lubricating substances. As is known to a skilled person, the lubricating substances are commonly used to reduce friction between particles during manufacturing process (e.g. during compression). Examples of commonly known lubricating substances include calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, magnesium oxide, talc, stearic acid, and sodium stearyl fumarate. The lubricating substance is preferably calcium stearate, magnesium oxide and / or magnesium stearate. In some embodiments, the solid composition further comprises one or more binders. Binders are typically used to hold together the ingredients (e.g. in a tablet or capsule), thereby ensuring the cohesion of the composition. Examples of commonly used binders dextrose monohydrate, dicalcium phosphate, organic linseed expeller, organic carob pods, calcium carbonate, guar gum, mixtures of talc (steatite) and chlorite (E560), guar gum, starch, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Preferably, the binder is dextrose monohydrate, dicalcium phosphate (preferably dicalcium phosphate anhydrate) or a combination thereof. A skilled person understands that some lubricating substances, such as calcium stearate, magnesium oxide, may also have characteristic of a binder. Furthermore, some binders may also act as diluents (also known as fillers). Diluents (also known as fillers) are typically used to increase the bulk of the dosage form (e.g. tablet or capsule). Diluents may also improve the flow properties and compressibility of the powder mixture, ensuring uniformity in dosage form (e.g. tablet) production. For example, dicalcium phosphate may act as a binder and a diluent. The solid composition may further comprise one or more stabilizers. Stabilizers are typically used to improve stability of the solid composition, thereby reducing the likelihood of capping, lamination, or chipping during and after compression. Preferably, the stabilizer is silicified microcrystalline cellulose (SMCC), more preferably SMCC 90. Preferably the cellulose has an Avg Particle size of 75 um and a Bulk Density 0.5-0.6. In some embodiments, the solid composition further comprises one or more emulsifiers. Preferably the emulsifier is a non-ionic emulsifier. Examples of suitable non-ionic emulsifiers include mono- and diglycerides of edible fats or oils, or derivative thereof (such as monosodium phosphate derivatives of mono- and diglycerides of edible fats or edible fat-forming acids); polysorbates such as polysorbate 20 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate), polysorbate 40 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate), polysorbate 60 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate), polysorbate 80 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate), or combination thereof; sorbitan esters such as sorbitan monolaurate (1c493), sorbitan monostearate, or combination thereof; polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives such as polyethylene glycol (400) mono- and dioleate, polyethyleneglycol ester of fatty acids from soya oil (E487), glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate, or combination thereof; and polyol esters of ricinoleic acid. The non-ionic emulsifier is preferably a polyol ester of ricinoleic acid, or a polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative. The non-ionic emulsifier is preferably glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate. Preferably the glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate is 95% pure. The solid composition may comprise from 0.1% to 2.0% by weight emulsifier, such as from 0.5% to 1.5% by weight. In preferred embodiments, the solid composition comprises no emulsifier. In some embodiments, the solid composition comprises other materials, for example but not limited to, water-soluble polysaccharide such as carrageenan, fucoidan, acacia gum, tragacanth gum, arabinogalactan Sugar, pectin, and xanthan gum; water-soluble polysaccharide gum salts, such as sodium alginate, sodium astragalus gum, and ghattate sodium; water-soluble hydroxyalkyl celluloses, in which the alkyl member contains 1-71- carbon straight or branched chain, such as hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl cellulose; synthetic water-soluble cellulose-based sheet formations, such as methyl cellulose and its hydroxyalkylmethyl; cellulose derivatives such as those selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and hydroxybutyl methyl cellulose; other cellulose polymers such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; and other similar materials known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Other materials that can be used include polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, a blend of gelatin and polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, glucose, carbohydrates, povidone, crospovidone Ketone, polyvinylpyrrolidone-polyvinyl acetate copolymer. In some embodiments, the solid composition comprises DPD and silicon dioxide. In some embodiments, the solid composition comprises between 10-80 wt.% DPD. In some embodiments, the solid composition comprises between 15-30 wt.% silica. In some embodiments, the solid composition comprises between 15-30 wt.% silica and between 15.00-35.00%, preferably between 15.00-25% DPD. In some embodiments, the solid composition comprises the following: Substance Calcium stearate Magnesium oxide Magnesium stearate Dextrose monohydrate Cellulose (e.g., silicified microcrystalline cellulose such as SMCC 90) Dicalcium phosphate Silicon dioxide (silica) DPD or comprises the following: Substance Calcium stearate Magnesium oxide Magnesium stearate Dextrose monohydrate Cellulose (e.g., silicified microcrystalline cellulose such as SMCC 90) Silicon dioxide (silica) DPD In some embodiments, the solid composition comprises the following: Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate 0.50-8.00%Magnesium oxide 1.00-9.00%Magnesium stearate 0.50-5.00%Dextrose monohydrate 1.00-18.00%Cellulose (e.g., silicified microcrystalline cellulose 8.00-30.00% such as SMCC 90) Dicalcium phosphate 3.00-20.00%Silicon dioxide (silica) 15.00-30.00%, preferably20.00-25.00% DPD 5.00-50.00%, preferably 15.00-35.00% or comprises the following Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate 0.50-8.00%Magnesium oxide 1.00-9.00%Magnesium stearate 0.50-5.00%Dextrose monohydrate 1.00-18.00%Cellulose (e.g., silicified microcrystalline cellulose 8.00-40.00% such as SMCC 90) Dicalcium phosphate 0.00-20.00%Silicon dioxide (silica) 15.00-30.00%, preferably20.00-25.00% DPD 5.00-50.00%, preferably 15.00-35.00% In some embodiments, the solid composition comprises the following: Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate 0.50-8.00%Magnesium oxide 1.00-9.00%Magnesium stearate 0.50-5.00%Dextrose monohydrate 1.00-18.00%Brewer’s yeast 1.00-10.00%Cellulose (e.g., silicified microcrystalline cellulose 8.00-30.00% such as SMCC 90) Dicalcium phosphate 3.00-20.00%Silicon dioxide (silica) 15.00-30.00%, preferably20.00-25.00% DPD 5.00-50.00%, preferably 15.00-35.00% or comprises the following: Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate 0.50-8.00%Magnesium oxide 1.00-9.00%Magnesium stearate 0.50-5.00%Dextrose monohydrate 1.00-18.00%Brewer’s yeast 1.00-10.00%Cellulose (e.g., silicified microcrystalline cellulose 8.00-40.00% such as SMCC 90) Dicalcium phosphate 0.00-20.00%Silicon dioxide (silica) 15.00-30.00%, preferably20.00-25.00% DPD 5.00-50.00%, preferably 15.00-35.00% In some embodiments, the solid composition comprises the following: Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate 0.50-8.00%Magnesium oxide 1.00-9.00%Magnesium stearate 0.50-5.00%Dextrose monohydrate 1.00-18.00%Brewer’s yeast 1.00-10.00%Cellulose (e.g., silicified microcrystalline cellulose 8.00-30.00% such as SMCC 90) Dicalcium phosphate 3.00-20.00%Silicon dioxide (silica) 15.00-30.00%, preferably20.00-25.00% DPD 5.00-50.00%, preferably 15.00-35.00% Onion oil 0.05-2.00%or comprises the following: Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate 0.50-8.00%Magnesium oxide 1.00-9.00%Magnesium stearate 0.50-5.00%Dextrose monohydrate 1.00-18.00%Brewer’s yeast 1.00-10.00%Cellulose (e.g., silicified microcrystalline cellulose 8.00-40.00% such as SMCC 90) Dicalcium phosphate 0.00-20.00%Silicon dioxide (silica) 15.00-30.00%, preferably20.00-25.00% DPD 5.00-50.00%, preferably 15.00-35.00% Onion oil 0.05-2.00%In preferred embodiments, the solid composition comprises the following: Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate 0.50-8.00%Magnesium oxide 1.00-9.00%Magnesium stearate 0.50-5.00%Dextrose monohydrate 1.00-18.00%Brewer’s yeast 1.00-10.00%Cellulose (e.g., silicified microcrystalline 8.00-30.00% cellulose such as SMCC 90) Dicalcium phosphate 3.00-20.00%Silicon dioxide (silica) 15.00-30.00%, preferably 20.00-25.00%DPD 5.00-50.00%, preferably 15.00-35.00%Onion oil 0.05-2.00%Rosemary extract 0.05-3.00%Emulsifier, preferably Glyceryl polyethylene 0.05-2.00% glycol ricinoleate Salvia 0.1-5.00%or comprises the following: Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate 0.50-8.00%Magnesium oxide 1.00-9.00%Magnesium stearate 0.50-5.00%Dextrose monohydrate 1.00-18.00%Brewer’s yeast 1.00-10.00%Cellulose (e.g., silicified microcrystalline 8.00-40.00% cellulose such as SMCC 90) Dicalcium phosphate 0.00-20.00%Silicon dioxide (silica) 15.00-30.00%, preferably 20.00-25.00%DPD 5.00-50.00%, preferably 15.00-35.00%Onion oil 0.05-2.00%Rosemary extract 0.05-3.00%Emulsifier, preferably Glyceryl polyethylene 0.05-2.00% glycol ricinoleate Salvia 0.1-5.00%In most preferred embodiments, the solid composition has either of the following three compositions (i), (ii) or (iii): - composition (i) Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate 2.00%Magnesium oxide 3.00%Magnesium stearate 1.00%Dextrose monohydrate 6.00%Brewer’s yeast 5.00%Cellulose (e.g., silicified microcrystalline cellulose such as SMCC 90) 26.50%Dicalcium phosphate 10.00%Silicon dioxide (silica) 23.00%DPD 18.40%Onion oil 1.15%Rosemary extract 2.30%Glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate 1.15%Salvia 0.50%- composition (ii) Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate 2.00%Magnesium oxide 3.00%Magnesium stearate 1.00%Dextrose monohydrate 6.00%Brewer’s yeast 5.00%Cellulose (e.g., silicified microcrystalline cellulose such as SMCC 90) 36.50%Silicon dioxide (silica) 23.00%DPD 18.40%Onion oil 1.15%Rosemary extract 2.30%Glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate 1.15%Salvia 0.50%- or composition (iii) Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate 2.00%Magnesium oxide 3.00%Magnesium stearate 1.00%Dextrose monohydrate 6.00%Brewer’s yeast 5.00%Cellulose (e.g., silicified microcrystalline cellulose such as SMCC 90) 36.50%Silicon dioxide (silica) 23.00%DPD 19.55%Onion oil 1.15%Cinnamaldehyde 2.30%Salvia 0.50%In some embodiments, rosemary extract and / or glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate is replaced with cinnamaldehyde. As described in the examples, the inclusion of cinnamaldehyde has positive effects on the disintegration properties of the solid composition. In some embodiments, the solid composition comprises the following. Substance amount (wt.%) Silicon dioxide (silica) preferably 15.00-30.00%, more preferably 20.00-25.00%, mostpreferably 23.00%DPD preferably 10.00-30.00%, more preferably 15.00-25.00%, mostpreferably 19.55% Cinnamaldehyde preferably 0.05-3.00%, more preferably 1.5-2.5%, mostpreferably 2.30% In some embodiments, the solid composition comprises the following. Substance amount (wt.%) Cellulose (e.g., silicified preferably 20-50%, more preferably 30-40%, most microcrystalline cellulose such preferably 36.50% as SMCC 90) Silicon dioxide (silica) preferably 15.00-30.00%, more preferably 20.00-25.00%, most preferably 23.00% DPD preferably 10.00-30.00%, more preferably 15.00-25.00%, most preferably 19.55% Cinnamaldehyde preferably 0.05-3.00%, more preferably 1.5-2.5%,most preferably 2.30% In some embodiments, the solid composition comprises the following. Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate preferably 0.50-8.00%, more preferably 1-3%, mostpreferably 2.00% Magnesium oxide preferably 1.00-8.00%, more preferably 1-4%, mostpreferably 3.00% Magnesium stearate preferably 0.50-5.00%, more preferably 0.50-2%,most preferably 1.00% Dextrose monohydrate preferably 1.00-18.00%, more preferably 4-8%,most preferably 6.00% Cellulose (e.g., silicified preferably 20-50%, more preferably 30-40%, most microcrystalline cellulose such preferably 36.50% as SMCC 90) Silicon dioxide (silica) preferably 15.00-30.00%, more preferably 20.00-25.00%, most preferably 23.00% DPD preferably 10.00-30.00%, more preferably 15.00-25.00%, most preferably 19.55% Cinnamaldehyde preferably 0.05-3.00%, more preferably 1.5-2.5%,most preferably 2.30% In some embodiments, the solid composition comprises the following. Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate preferably 0.50-8.00%, more preferably 1-3%, mostpreferably 2.00% Magnesium oxide preferably 1.00-8.00%, more preferably 1-4%, mostpreferably 3.00% Magnesium stearate preferably 0.50-5.00%, more preferably 0.50-2%,most preferably 1.00%Dextrose monohydrate preferably 1.00-18.00%, more preferably 4-8%,most preferably 6.00% Brewer’s yeast preferably 1.00-8.00%, more preferably 3-6%, mostpreferably 5.00% Cellulose (e.g., silicified preferably 20-50%, more preferably 30-40%, most microcrystalline cellulose such preferably 36.50% as SMCC 90) Silicon dioxide (silica) preferably 15.00-30.00%, more preferably 20.00-25.00%, most preferably 23.00% DPD preferably 10.00-30.00%, more preferably 15.00-25.00%, most preferably 19.55% Cinnamaldehyde preferably 0.05-3.00%, more preferably 1.5-2.5%,most preferably 2.30% In some embodiments, the solid composition comprises the following. Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate preferably 0.50-8.00%, more preferably 1-3%, mostpreferably 2.00% Magnesium oxide preferably 1.00-8.00%, more preferably 1-4%, mostpreferably 3.00% Magnesium stearate preferably 0.50-5.00%, more preferably 0.50-2%,most preferably 1.00% Dextrose monohydrate preferably 1.00-18.00%, more preferably 4-8%,most preferably 6.00% Brewer’s yeast preferably 1.00-8.00%, more preferably 3-6%, mostpreferably 5.00% Cellulose (e.g., silicified preferably 20-50%, more preferably 30-40%, most microcrystalline cellulose such preferably 36.50% as SMCC 90) Silicon dioxide (silica) preferably 15.00-30.00%, more preferably 20.00-25.00%, most preferably 23.00% DPD preferably 10.00-30.00%, more preferably 15.00-25.00%, most preferably 19.55% Onion oil preferably 0.50-5.00%, more preferably 0.50-3%,most preferably 1.15% Cinnamaldehyde preferably 0.05-3.00%, more preferably 1.5-2.5%,most preferably 2.30% Salvia preferably 0.05-3.00%, more preferably 0.05-2.5%,most preferably 0.50% One advantage of a solid composition as disclosed herein is a reduced odor. In particular, the distinctive sulfurous odor of the existing compositions may result in an unpleasant experience during handling, administration and / or consumption of said compositions. The solid compositions as disclosed herein surprisingly have no or hardly any noticeable sulfurous odor. Another advantage of a solid composition as described herein, is its ability to disintegrate rapidly. As demonstrated in the examples, the prepared solid bolus compositions have a favorable release profile. While not wishing to be bound be theory, it is hypothesized that said favorable release profile may be due to silicon dioxide’s porous characteristics and the ability of the aqueous fluid (such as water or rumen fluid) to rapidly penetrate the structure and release the liquid components (e.g., DPD, Rosemary and / or cinnamaldehyde) in the rumen. Furthermore, a solid composition as disclosed herein allows for more flexible dosing and administration. For example, the dosage may be adapted to the cow weight by the number of boluses that is administered. The solid compositions as disclosed herein may further be advantageous over liquid composition due to easier dosing with no spillage. The disclosure also provides a liquid composition comprising a compound according to Formula II or I as described above; and a solubilizing agent. The term “solubilizing agent” refers to an excipient with the ability to increase solubility of the ingredients that are poorly soluble in water or other solvents. For example, a solubilizing agent may assist in dispersing nonpolar solvents, such as oils and fats, thereby increasing their solubility. A solubilizing agent may also improve solubility of other lipophilic substances, such as DPD. Suitable solubilizing agents that can be used in veterinary formulations are known in the art. For example, suitable solubilizing agents include glycols, glycerol (also known as glycerine), and vegetable oils. The solubilizing agent is preferably glycol selected from any one of propylene glycol (also known as propane-1,2-diol), propane-1,3-diol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol or a combination thereof, more preferably the solubilizing agent is propylene glycol. In some embodiments, the solubilizing agent is a vegetable oil. Vegetable oil may solubilize other lipophilic substance. Suitable vegetable oil include but are not limited to soybean oil; rapeseed oil, preferably canola oil (a food-grade version derived from rapeseed cultivars); palm oil; and coconut oil. The liquid composition may further comprise one or more emulsifiers, one or more antioxidants, one or more immune modulators, and / or one or more electrolytes. In some embodiments, the liquid composition further comprises one or more emulsifiers. An emulsifier is an excipient capable of stabilizing a system comprising two or more immiscible liquids, such as an oil and aqueous phase. The emulsifier functions by decreasing the interfacial tension at the boundary between said immiscible liquids, thereby facilitating the formation and stabilization of an emulsion. Preferably the emulsifier is a non-ionic emulsifier. Examples of suitable non-ionic emulsifiers include mono- and diglycerides of edible fats or oils, or a derivative thereof; polysorbates; sorbitan esters; polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives; and polyol esters of ricinoleic acid. In some embodiments, the non-ionic emulsifier is mono- or diglyceride of edible fats or oils or a derivative thereof. Derivates of said glycerides as described herein include, but are not limited to, monosodium phosphate derivatives of said mono- and diglycerides, and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of said mono- and diglycerides (also known as DATEM). Monosodium phosphate derivatives of mono- and diglycerides are composed of glyceride derivatives formed by reacting said mono- and diglycerides with phosphorus pentoxide (tetraphosphorus decoxide) followed by neutralization with sodium carbonate. DATEM is obtained by esterifying mono- and diglycerides with tartaric acid and acetic acid. DATEM typically comprises a mixture of diacetyl tartaric acid esters. In some embodiments, the non-ionic emulsifier is a polysorbate such as polysorbate 20 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate), polysorbate 40 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate), polysorbate 60 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate), polysorbate 80 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate), or combination thereof. In some embodiments, the non-ionic emulsifier is a sorbitan ester such as sorbitan monolaurate (1c493), sorbitan monostearate, or combination thereof. In some embodiments, the non-ionic emulsifier is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative such as PEG derivative selected from any one of polyethylene glycol (400) mono- and dioleate, polyethyleneglycol ester of fatty acids from soya oil, glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate, or combination thereof. Preferably, the PEG derivative is glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate. In preferred embodiments, the non-ionic emulsifier is a polyol ester of ricinoleic acid, more preferably glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate. The liquid composition may comprise from 15% v / v to 35% v / v emulsifier, preferably 17% v / v to 34% v / v, more preferably 20% v / v to 30% v / v. Preferably, the liquid composition comprises from 15% v / v to 35% v / v glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate, preferably 17% v / v to 34% v / v, more preferably 20% v / v to 30% v / v. In some embodiments, the liquid composition comprises no emulsifier. In some embodiments, the liquid composition further comprises an immune modulator, such as cinnamon oil or camphor oil, or a combination thereof. In some embodiements, the camphor oil comprises at least 35% camphor. In some embodiments, the liquid composition further comprises an electrolyte, preferably wherein the electrolyte is magnesium chloride. In some embodiments, the liquid composition comprises DPD, a solubilizing agent and water. In some embodiments, the liquid composition comprises DPD, propylene glycol and water. In some embodiments, the liquid composition comprises DPD, a solubilizing agent and one or more emulsifiers. In some embodiments, the liquid composition comprises DPD, a solubilizing agent, one or more emulsifiers and water. In some embodiments, the liquid composition comprises DPD, glycol and non-ionic emulsifier. In some embodiments, the liquid composition comprises DPD, glycol and PEG derivative. In some embodiments, the liquid composition comprises DPD, propylene glycol, glyceryl polyethyleneglycol ricinoleate. In some embodiments, the liquid composition comprises the following: SubstanceAmount (v / v%)DPD 5.00-65.00%, preferably 10.00-35.00% Emulsifier, preferably glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinolate 15.00-35.00%, preferably 20.00-30.00% Propylene glycol 20.00-80.00%, preferably 30.00-50.00% Water 3.00-25.00%, preferably 5.00-15.00% In some embodiments, the liquid composition comprises the following: SubstanceAmount (v / v%)Vitamin E oil 0.04-1.00% Cinnamon oil 1.00-12.00% Camphor oil 1.00-9.00% DPD 5.00-65.00%, preferably 10.00-35.00% Onion oil 0.05-2.00% Rosemary extract 0.05-3.00% Emulsifier, preferably glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinolate 15.00-35.00%, preferably 20.00-30.00% Propylene glycol 20.00-80.00% Water 3.00-25.00%, preferably 5.00-15.00% In some embodiments, the liquid composition comprises the following: SubstanceAmount (v / v%)Vitamin E oil 0.04-1.00% Antioxidant 0.02-0.50% Odor-masking agent 1.00-9.00% Cinnamon oil 1.00-12.00% Camphor oil 1.00-9.00% DPD 5.00-65.00%, preferably 10.00-35.00% Onion oil 0.05-2.00% Rosemary extract 0.05-3.00% Electrolye 0.01-1.00% Emulsifier, preferably glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinolate 15.00-35.00%, preferably 20.00-30.00% Propylene glycol 20.00-80.00% Water 3.00-25.00%, preferably 5.00-15.00% In preferred embodiments, the liquid composition comprises the following: SubstanceAmount (v / v%)Vitamin E oil 0.20% Antioxidant 0.10% Eucalyptus oil 3.00% Cinnamon oil 4.00% Camphor oil 3.00% DPD 16.00% Onion oil 1.00% Rosemary extract 2.00% Electrolyte 0.10% Glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinolate 26.00%Propylene glycol 35.00% Water 9.60% In most preferred embodiments, the liquid composition comprises the following: SubstanceAmount (v / v%)Vitamin E oil 0.20% Citric Acid0.005%Butylated hydroxyanisole 0.012%Propyl gallate 0.012%Eucalyptus oil 3.00% Cinnamon oil 4.00% Camphor oil 3.00% DPD 16.00% Onion oil 1.00% Rosemary extract 2.00% Magnesium chloride 0.10% Glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinolate 26.00%Propylene glycol 35.071% Water 9.60% One advantage of a liquid composition as disclosed herein is better distribution of the active ingredient after administration and / or improved safety profile. Good distribution of the active ingredient is particularly important in ruminants and in order to obtain the desired effect, such as reducing lactation in a mammal. For example, the rumen of a mature dairy cow has a capacity ranging from 80 to 100 liters and typically contains a dry matter content of 100-170 grams per kilogram. The rumen thus represents a fluid, watery compartment rich in both undigested and digested feed materials. Said feed material then undergoes anaerobic microbial fermentation by microbes within the rumen. This results in a viscous mixture that includes a broad spectrum of compounds such as phospholipids, inorganic ions, gases, amino acids, dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids, volatile fatty acids, glycerides, carbohydrates, and cholesterol esters. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the compounds of formula I and II as described herein, especially DPD, are believed to inhibit specific rumen microbes responsible for fiber fermentation. However, conventional formulations, upon contact with the watery rumen fluid, tend to form a gel. Said gel formation may not only hamper effective distribution of the active ingredient but may also risk blocking the omasum, thereby preventing the normal passage of digested feed. Moreover, excessive absorption of the active ingredient into the bloodstream could occur if it passes through the rumen in high concentrations. As demonstrated in the examples, the novel liquid formulation does not result in gel formation and / or lumps, thereby exhibiting improved distribution and safety profile. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the novel liquid formulation exhibits improved characteristics due to reduced amount of emulsifier. The disclosure further provides a method for preparing a solid composition as described herein, the method comprising the steps of: -providing an absorbent;- adding a compound according to formula I or II, preferably DPD, to saidabsorbent; -mixing the ingredients to obtain a uniform mixture; and- compressing the uniform mixture into a solid composition.A skilled person is aware of common techniques in the art for preparing solid compositions, such as tablets, boluses, capsules, etc. In general, the raw materials are weighed according to the specified composition and thereafter mixed together in a mixer, such as a ribbon mixer. Optionally, the method further comprises adding one or more excipients, such as binders, lubricating agents, stabilizers, diluents, or a combination thereof. Further processing (i.e. pelleting) is performed after the mixing step. In particular, the mixture of raw materials is compressed into a solid dosage form using a pellet press. The mixture may be compressed into a solid dosage form of predetermined shape, size and hardness. Preferably, the mixture is compressed into a bolus. The bolus may weigh, e.g., between 60 and 90 grams. Alternatively, after the mixing step, the semi-finished product (mixed raw materials) may be transported to the filling (bagging) line, packed into paper bags, and shipped to another location where further processing is performed. Optionally, the method further comprises a coating step. Once formed, each solid dosage form (such as bolus) is individually wrapped in plastic foil to ensure protection and integrity. The wrapped boluses are then collectively packaged into either plastic containers or carton boxes for convenient handling and transportation. Alternatively, a method for preparing a solid composition as described herein may include extrusion techniques as known in the art. The disclosure further provides a method for preparing a liquid composition as described herein, the method comprising the steps of: - providing a solubilizing agent and an emulsifier; - adding a compound according to formula I or II, preferably DPD; and - mixing the ingredients to obtain the liquid composition. The method may further comprise adding one or more excipients. Optionally, the method further comprises adding any one of immune modulators, antioxidants, electrolytes or a combination thereof. Examples of immune modulators, antioxidants and electrolytes are described herein above. The ingredients are preferably mixed for a sufficient period of time. Preferably, the method is performed at a room temperature. In general, the obtained liquid composition is then filled in bottles, preferably fluorinated bottles, sealed and closed with cap. Exemplary dosages of compounds according to Formula II for cows are indicated in Table 17 of WO2023 / 200340 in milliliters (ml) or grams (g). In preferred embodiments, a minimal dosage of a compound according to Formula II is at least 30% of the exemplary dosages. For example, the minimal dosage of diethyl disulfide is at least 18.9 ml. In preferred embodiments, a minimal dosage of a compound according to Formula II is at least 50% from exemplary dosages. For example, the minimal dosage of diethyl disulfide is at least 31.5 ml. In preferred embodiments, a minimal dosage of a compound according to Formula II is at least 80% from exemplary dosages. For example, the minimal dosage of diethyl disulfide is at least 50.4 ml. In some embodiments, the maximum dosage is 200% or 300% of the exemplary doses indicated in Table 17 WO2023 / 200340. Actual dosage levels of the compounds described herein may be varied so as to obtain an amount of the active ingredient which is effective to achieve the desired therapeutic response for a particular individual, composition, and mode of administration, without being toxic to the individual. The selected dosage level will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the particular compound, the route of administration, the time of administration, the rate of excretion of the particular compound being employed, the duration of the treatment, other drugs, compounds and / or materials used in combination, the age, sex, weight, condition, general health and prior medical history of the individual being treated, and like factors well known in the medical arts. A physician or veterinarian having ordinary skill in the art can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the compound required. In some embodiments, a mammal is administered at least 0.2 g, preferably at least 0.5 g, of a compound as disclosed herein, per day. In an exemplary embodiment, a cow is provided with at least 25 grams, at least 50 grams, at least 55 grams, preferably at least 60 grams, more preferably at least 70 grams of a compound as disclosed herein (preferably DPD). In some embodiments, a cow is provided with at least 75 grams or at least 77 grams of a compound as disclosed herein (preferably DPD). In some embodiments a cow is provided with between 50-200, preferably 70-200, more preferably between 75-200, grams of a compound as disclosed herein (preferably DPD). Preferably, a cow is provided with at least 77 grams of a compound as disclosed herein (preferably DPD). Preferably, a cow is provided with around 77 grams of a compound as disclosed herein (preferably DPD). Such dosing may be provided as a single-dose unit or in multiple doses as described below. A skilled person recognizes that the appropriate dosage may be adjusted to body weight of cow. Solid compositions as described herein may be especially useful as they allow for convenient dosing. In embodiments, a cow is provided with 5-12 grams DPD / 100 kg of body weight, more preferably with 7-10 grams DPD / 100 kg of body weight. In embodiments, a cow is administered with at least 7 grams DPD / 100 kg of body weight. In embodiments, a cow is administered with at least 9 grams DPD / 100 kg of body weight. In embodiments, the dosage may also be expressed as mg / kg. For example, where cow is administered with a solid composition, the total DPD dosage is preferably at least 55 grams of DPD. As the average weight of a cow is around 650 kg this corresponds to a dosage of DPD around 85 mg / kg. Multiple compositions (i.e., multiple doses) may be administered at the same time or the compositions may be administered multiple times over a short period of time to reach the desired total dosage, such as between 50-200 grams, preferably between 70-200 grams, more preferably between 75-200 grams of a compound as disclosed herein (preferably DPD). For example, the compositions may be provided multiple times, such as between two to five times, preferably four times, over a short period of time, such as over a period of between 15-60 minutes, preferably over a period of 45 minutes, more preferably over a period of 30 minutes. It is clear to a skilled person that lower amounts of the compounds can be administered to smaller animals such as sheep, goat, etc. As described in the examples of WO2023 / 200340, the administration of a tablet to cows that comprises 77 grams of DPD. As the average weight of a cow is around 650 kg this corresponds to a dosage of around 118mg DPD / kg. A skilled person is aware that as smaller animals have higher metabolic rates and thus smaller animals require a larger drug dose on weight basis. Dose conversions between animals, and between humans and animals, are reviewed in Nair and Jacob (J Basic Clin Pharm. March 2016-May 2016; 7(2): 27–31) and Holliday, et al., (1967 The Relation of Metabolic Rate to Body Weight and Organ Size. A Review. Pediat.Res. 1: 185-195). While not wishing to be bound by theory, the disclosure provides that the compounds disclosed herein can have advantageous effects after a single administration, including multiple administrations over a single day. In a preferred embodiment, effects are achieved by providing a single administration of the composition as disclosed herein. As demonstrated in WO2023 / 200340, a single administration results in the (reversible) reduction in milk production. When combined with other strategies, such as drying off or weaning, this can result in further, and a longer lasting, reduction in milk production. In an exemplary embodiment, a composition as disclosed herein is provided to a lactating, gestating cow and the cow is no longer milked until after the calf is born. Once a new calf is born, milk production resumes. Alternatively, the composition disclosed herein is administered multiple times. For example, the compositions may be provided more than once per day, daily, weekly, or monthly. In an exemplary embodiment the composition may be provided once weekly until milk production stops or is significantly reduced. In some embodiments, the composition may be provided once every 3-4 days or every 2 days. In particular, the compositions may be provided multiple times, such as four times, within a time period between 30 minutes to 24 hour, such as within a 24 hour period, preferably within a 12 hour period, more preferably within a 8 hour period, even more preferably within a 6 hour period, within a 2 hour period, or over a short period of time, such as over a period of 1 hour, preferably over a period of 30 minutes. The compounds are particularly useful when provided systemically (e.g., orally). The compositions are preferably provided as a pharmaceutical or veterinary composition or functional food. As will be understood by a skilled person, such compositions are suitable for administration to humans and other animals. In some embodiments, the composition disclosed herein is provided as a functional food composition. The term "functional food" as used herein, refers to those foods that are prepared not only for their nutritional characteristics, but also to fulfil a specific function, such as improving health or reducing the risk of contracting diseases. Such functional foods may also be referred to as dietary supplements or (animal) food additive. To this end, biologically active compounds, such as minerals, vitamins, fatty acids, bacteria with beneficial effects, dietary fibre and antioxidants, etc., may be added thereto. Such food products may be in any form suitable for oral consumption, e.g., in the form of a liquid, gel, powder, pill, tablet, or in gel capsules. The solid composition as described herein may also include dried brewer’s yeast, e.g., the dried, inactive agent that is a by-product of the brewing industry. The dried brewer’s yeast has been found to enhance the palatability of the compositions. The solid composition as disclosed herein may comprise from 1% to 30% by weight, preferably 1% to 10% by weight brewer’s yeast. The composition may be administered by any suitable route and mode. As will be appreciated by the person skilled in the art, the route and / or mode of administration will vary depending upon the desired results. The compositions may be formulated in accordance with routine procedures for administration by any routes, such as parenteral or enteral. Preferably the composition is administered orally. In some aspects, the oral administration comprises administering the composition in combination with the animal's feed, water or medicine. In some aspects, the oral administration comprises applying the composition in a gel or viscous solution to a body part of the animal, wherein the animal ingests the composition by licking. In context of the liquid composition, the oral administration further comprises spraying the liquid composition on a body part of the animal, wherein the animal ingests the composition by licking. In some embodiments when the mammal is a ruminant, the liquid composition is injected into the rumen. The solid composition may be in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, granules, lozenges. Preferably, the solid compositions are suitable for oral administration. Such oral compositions include tablets or bolus formulations. As used herein a bolus refers to a single dose substance ready to be swallowed. Preferably, the solid composition is a bolus. In some embodiments, the solid composition is an intraruminal bolus. Preferably, the bolus comprises between 2-200 grams DPD, such as at least 3 grams, at least 4 grams, at least 5 grams, preferably at least 10 grams, more preferably at least 15 grams DPD. The total DPD dosage administered as a solid composition (e.g. a powder or bolus, preferably bolus) at once or multiple times within a short period of time as described above may be between 25-85 grams of DPD, such as at least 50 grams DPD, preferably at least 55 grams DPD. Preferably, at least 50 grams of DPD, more preferably at least 55 grams of DPD is administered within a 24 hour period. Preferably, at least 50 grams of DPD, more preferably at least 55 grams of DPD is administered within a 12 hour period. Preferably, at least 50 grams of DPD, more preferably at least 55 grams of DPD is administered within a 6 hour period. Preferably, at least 50 grams of DPD, more preferably at least 55 grams of DPD is administered within a 2 hour period. Preferably, at least 50 grams of DPD, more preferably at least 55 grams of DPD is administered within a 1 hour period. Preferably, at least 50 grams of DPD, more preferably at least 55 grams of DPD is administered at once. It is clear to a skilled person that the total dosage of the compound, preferably DPD, may be lower for smaller cows. Small cow has a weight of about 400 kg. For example, the total DPD dosage administered as a solid composition (e.g. a powder or bolus, preferably bolus) at once or multiple times within a short period of time as described above may be at least 20 grams, preferably at least 25 grams. In embodiments, at least 20 grams of DPD, more preferably at least 25 grams of DPD is administered within a 24 hour period. In embodiments, at least 20 grams of DPD, more preferably at least 25 grams of DPD is administered within a 12 hour period. In embodiments, at least 20 grams of DPD, more preferably at least 25 grams of DPD is administered within a 6 hour period. In embodiments, at least 20 grams of DPD, more preferably at least 25 grams of DPD is administered within a 2 hour period. Preferably, at least 20 grams of DPD, more preferably at least 25 grams of DPD is administered within a 1 hour period. Preferably, at least 20 grams of DPD, more preferably at least 25 grams of DPD is administered at once. It is also clear to a skilled person that higher total DPD dosage may be administered to a lactating cow with higher milk production. For example a cow producing more than 40 liters of milk per day may be administered with a total DPD dosage of at least 75 grams, preferably at least 80 grams. In some embodiments, the solid composition is in the form of powder. In some embodiments, the solid composition is part of and / or is combined with the animal feed. For example, the solid composition may be used in top dressing system or incorporated into a total mixed ration (TMR). When referring to top-dressing, a skilled person understands that said solid composition is applied on top of the existing feed. In particular, said solid composition is spread as a physical layer on top of the feed, rather than mixed in with or placed on the side or bottom of the feed. In some embodiments, a solid composition as described herein is incorporated into TMR. Thus, a skilled person understands that said solid composition is blended uniformly with other dietary components, ensuring an even distribution throughout the entire ration. In general, the goal of TMR is to ensure that animals, e.g. cattle, receive a consistent intake of nutrients in the proper proportions. By mixing all the ingredients together, including the solid composition, TMR helps prevent selective eating. The liquid compositions may be in any suitable form of liquid preparation such as solutions, suspension, emulsions, syrups. Preferably, the liquid compositions are suitable for oral administration. The liquid composition may comprise between 10-325 ml DPD, preferably 10-120 ml DPD, such as at least 10 ml, at least 20 ml, at least 40 ml, preferably at least 60 ml DPD, more preferably at least 80 ml DPD. In some embodiments, the treatment disclosed herein (administration of compositions as disclosed herein) can be combined with another therapy, such as dry cow therapy. For example, the therapy may be combined with abrupt or gradual cessation of milking. Abrupt cessation of milking refers to the cessation of actively removing milk by pumping, milking, or natural feeding (e.g., breastfeeding). Gradual cessation of milking refers to the reduction of removing milk. This can refer to a reduction in the frequency or amount of milk removed. Preferably, abrupt cessation of milking is used. In a preferred embodiment, DPD is administered after the final milking, e.g., on the same day as the final milking (D0). In an exemplary embodiment, a lactating dairy animal is provided with a composition as disclosed herein within 24 hours, preferably within 12 hours prior to “dry-off day”. In another exemplary embodiment, a lactating animal, preferably a dairy animal such as a cow or goat, is provided with a composition as disclosed herein 12-24 hours prior to “dry- off day”. In such embodiments, the animal is no longer milked starting from dry-off day and continuing until the calf is born (and a new lactation cycle begins). In some embodiments, the composition is administered between 4-8 hours following the last milking. The animal is then no longer milked until after parturition. In another example, the therapy may be combined with gradual feeding. Gradual feeding is a method to reduce milk yield by decreasing the rate of glucose transportation to the mammary gland. Gradual feeding can be implemented by a number of ways known to the skilled person. For example, removing concentrates from the diet during 14 days before dry-off, reducing dry matter intake for 14 days, giving a lower-energy diet 7 days before dry-off, or taking away hay for 5 days before dry-off (see https: / / edis.ifas.ufl.edu / pdf / AN / AN36000.pdf for a review of dry-off methods and gradual feeding). For example, while the average dry matter intake of a cow during dry-off is around 21 kg / day, this amount may be halved when gradual feeding is implemented. In some embodiments, the use of the solid composition or the liquid composition disclosed herein may be combined with one or more other treatments used to reduce milk yield, prevent or treat mastitis or other infections, or prevent or treat inflammation. Such combinations may be formulated as a single composition, thus comprising more than one active ingredient, or the combinations may be administered separately. For example, solid composition or liquid composition as disclosed herein (comprising preferably DPD) may be administered several days before or after the administration of the one or more other products. In some embodiments, compositions as disclosed herein further comprise a prolactin inhibitor, or a combination therapy is provided comprising a solid composition or a liquid composition as disclosed herein and a prolactin inhibitor. Prolactine, i.e., lactotropin, is the essential protein hormone best known for its role in enabling mammals to produce milk. Inhibition of the formation or release of prolactine is affected by administration of a prolactine inhibitor and results in milk formation inhibition. Examples of prolactin inhibitors are quinagolide and cabergoline. Another composition to stimulate dry-off is casein hydrolysate (CNH). In some embodiments, compositions as disclosed herein further comprises an anti- inflammatory agent, or a combination therapy is provided comprising a solid composition or a liquid composition as disclosed herein and an anti-inflammatory agent. Such agents can be administered to suppress the inflammatory response and reduce the tissue damage, for example in the milk gland during dry-off. Anti-inflammatory agents include, for example, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (cox / lox inhibitors) such as ibuprofen, paracetamol, aspirin, diclofenac, ketoprofen, tolmetin, etodolac, and fenoprofen. Natural anti-inflammatory agents such as Curcumin, Ginger, Spirulina, Cayenne, Cinnamon, Clove, Salvia species (such as Sage - Salvia officinalis), Rosemary, Black Pepper, natural aspirins, Boswelia, Sanguinaria, and / or Green Tea may also be used. Rosemary extract is a preferred component of the compositions described herein. In preferred embodiments, the Rosemary extract comprises at least 80% active ingredients (e.g., phenolic diterpenes, primarily carnosic acid and carnosol). Cinnamaldehyde is a preferred component of the compositions described herein. Cinnamaldehyde may be provided as Cinnamaldehyde extract, having at least 95% cinnamaldehyde. As shown in the examples, cinnamaldehyde was surprisingly shown to increase disintegration of the solid composition. In another example, the therapy may be combined with teat sealants. Cows are often given internal teat sealants after dry cow therapy. Internal teat sealants are generally infusions of a paste into each teat that create a physical barrier for organisms. Teat sealants reduce new infections for a few days after dry-off when the keratin plug, a natural barrier that is made of a waxy substance located at the teat end, has not completely formed. Teat sealants may be internally or externally administered. Antibiotics are commonly used within treatments that are inserted into the teat before the sealant is applied. Hereafter, post-milking teat dips or sprays may be applied. After the treatments, the cow should stay in a clean area for at least 30 minutes, and avoid walking long distances after drying-off. Once the cow is dried off, the cow's udder condition is regularly checked for inflammation and signs of infection. In some embodiments, the compositions as disclosed herein further comprise an antibiotic or antifungal, or the treatment disclosed herein (administration of solid compositions or liquid compositions as disclosed herein) can be combined with an antimicrobial agent such as an antibiotic or antifungal. While not wishing to be bound by theory, the disclosure provides that the compounds disclosed herein can prevent intramammary infections while antimicrobial drugs can then exert their effect on the remaining infections or help prevent new infections. Exemplary antimicrobials which may be used in the combination treatment include antifungals such as miconazole, ketoconazole, econazole, terbinafine, ciclopirox, tolnaftate, sertaconazole, sulconazole, amphotericin b, cholorxylenol, clioquinol, butenafine, naftifine, nystatin, and clotrimazole. Exemplary antibiotics include Penicillins, Tetracyclines, Cephalosporins, Quinolones, Lincomycins, Macrolides, Sulfonamides, Glycopeptides, Aminoglycosides, and Carbapenems. A current method to prevent the occurrence of intra-mammary mastitis infections, dry cow therapy is infusion of antibiotics and / or teat sealants into udder quarters of the cow at the dry-off day with the aim of preventing and treating infections during the dry period. With antibiotics, existing infections as well as new infections during the beginning of the dry period are reduced. Dry cow therapy is divided into "blanket" and "selective" therapies. Blanket dry cow therapy, which is used for the majority of treatments (93% of cows) in the US (USDA 2016). In blanket therapy, antibiotics are infused in all quarters of all cows in the herd, independent of intramammary infection status. However, applying blanket dry cow therapy to cows that do not need antibiotics can cause antimicrobial resistance. In contrast, selective dry cow therapy means that antibiotics are only given to cows that have an infection or have an abnormally high risk of infection. Candidates for selective dry cow therapy are cows with low somatic cell counts during the 3 months before dry- off. Herds with a low incidence of subclinical mastitis are well suited for selective dry cow therapy. Optimized conditions for drying-off cattle are known to a skilled person. Since stress can negatively impact appetite and immunity it is important during the dry period to reduce this as much as possible. Social stress can be reduced by avoiding herd changes to keep the social hierchy as unattached as possible. There are farmers that separate dry cows from the rest of the herd to ensure that the cows are not milked any more. Also environmental conditions such as ventilation and temperature are important. Modified diets are also generally provided to cows during the drying off period. The articles “a” and “an” are used herein to refer to one or to more than one (i.e., to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article. By way of example, “an element” means one element or more than one element. The word “approximately” or “about” when used in association with a numerical value (approximately 10, about 10) preferably means that the value may be the given value of 10 more or less 1% of the value. The compounds and compositions disclosed herein are useful as therapy and in therapeutic treatments and may thus be useful as medicaments and used in a method of preparing a medicament. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods which are not a treatment of the human or animal body and / or methods that do not comprise a process for modifying the germ line genetic identity of a human being. All patent and literature references cited in the present specification are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. The invention is further explained in the following examples. These examples do not limit the scope of the invention, but merely serve to clarify the invention. Examples Example 1 – Gel formation analysis In this study, gel formation analysis of DPD liquid 1.0 composition and DPD liquid 3.0 composition was conducted. As explained above, administration of the existing liquid composition (DPD liquid 1.0) to a cow may result in an undesired formation of a gel within the rumen of said cow. To mimic the conditions of the watery content of cow’s rumen, 30% water was added to the compositions and mixed. For example, the total mixture thus comprised approximately 76,9% of DPD liquid 3.0 and 23,1% of added water, e.g. 100ml DPD liquid 3.0 and 30 ml water. Thereafter, the appearance of mixtures was visually examined, particularly for the formation of gel and / or lumps. The formulation of DPD liquid 1.0 is as follows: Substance Amount (% v / v) Vitamin E oil 0.22% Citric Acid0.005% Butylated hydroxyanisole0.012%Propyl gallate E3100.012%Eucalyptus oil 5.00% Methyl salicylate 9.00% DPD 24.00% Onion oil 1.50% Rosemary extract 3.00% Magnesium chloride 0.10% glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate 36.50% Propylene glycol 15.071% Water 5.58% The formulation of DPD liquid 3.0 is as follows: Substance Amount (v / v%) Vitamin E oil 0.20% Citric Acid 0.005% Butylated hydroxyanisole 0.012% Propyl gallate 0.012% Eucalyptus oil 3.00% Cinnamon oil 4.00% Camphor oil 3.00% DPD 16.00% Onion oil 1.00% Rosemary extract 2.00% Magnesium chloride 0.10% Glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinolate 26.00% Propylene glycol 35.071% Water 9.60% As shown in Figures 1 and 2, upon addition of water to the DPD liquid 1.0 composition, a formation of gel or jelly lump was observed. In particular, the gel was formed shortly after the addition of water and got stuck onto the bottom of the bottle and did not detach when the bottle was turned upside down (Figure 1, right side). A non-dissolved, jelly lump was also observed when additional water was added, in particular when mixing 30 ml of DPD liquid 1.0 and 70 ml of water (Figure 2). The total mixture thus comprised 30% of DPD liquid 1.0 and 70% of added water. The novel DPD liquid 3.0 composition, however, surprisingly did not result in formation of a gel upon addition of water. As shown in Figure 3 (right side), no gel or lumps were observed. When the bottle was turned upside down, there was also no visible gel or jelly substance attached to the bottom of the bottle. Rather, the mixture was readily and well dissolved. This data confirms that the novel liquid composition of the invention does not result in the undesired gel formation and is thus suitable for administration within similar watery compartments, such as within cow’s rumen. Example 2 – Stability and viscosity tests Stability Stability of various liquid compositions (DPD liquid A, DPD liquid B, DPD liquid C, DPD liquid 3.0) was assessed. Liquid compositions were prepared and the formulations are presented below. Thereafter, appearance of the prepared liquid compositions was assessed to determine their stability. The liquid compositions were also exposed to stress conditions, in particular to a temperature of -20 °C, 7 °C, 20 °C, 40 °C or 60 °C for a period of 6 weeks. Appearance of the liquid compositions was assessed after said exposure to determine stability of the compositions. The formulation of DPD liquid composition A (DPD liquid A) was: Substance Amount (% v / v) Vitamin E oil 0.44% Citric Acid 0.005% Butylated hydroxyanisole 0.012% Propyl gallate 0.012% Magnesium chloride 0.10% Propylene glycol 12.071% DPD 19.20% Onion oil 1.20% Rosemary extract 2.40% Camphor Oil 5.00% Ginger Oil 1.00% glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate 16.20% Cellulose 0.35% water 42.01% The formulation of DPD liquid composition B (DPD liquid B) was: Substance Amount (% v / v) Vitamin E oil 0.220% Citric Acid 0.005% Butylated hydroxyanisole 0.012% Propyl gallate 0.012% Sodium citrate 0.30% Methyl salicylate 9.00% Flavoring agent (coconut pineapple) 0.20% DPD 24.00% Onion oil 1.50% Rosemary extract 3.00% Sodium chloride 0.20% Magnesium chloride 0.10% glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate 36.50% Propylene glycol 20.071% water 4.88% The formulation of DPD liquid compositions C1 and C2 (DPD liquid C1 and DPD liquid C2) was: Substance DPD liquid C1 – DPD liquid C2 – amount (% v / v) amount (% v / v) Vitamine E oil 0.44% 0.44%Citric Acid 0.005% 0.005%Butylated hydroxyanisole 0.012% 0.012%Propyl gallate 0.012% 0.012%Lemon gras oil 0.00% 2.00%Methyl salicylate 9.00% 9.00%DPD 16.00% 16.00%Onion oil 1.00% 1.00%Rosemary extract 2.00% 2.00%Magnesium chloride 0.10% 0.10%Propylene glycol 4.071% 4.071%Yucca extract 66.36% 64.36%glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate 1.00% 1.00%The formulation of DPD liquid composition 3.0 (DPD liquid 3.0) was: Substance Amount (v / v%) Vitamin E oil 0.20% Citric Acid 0.005% Butylated hydroxyanisole 0.012% Propyl gallate E310 0.012% Eucalyptus oil 3.00% Cinnamon oil 4.00% Camphor oil 3.00% DPD 16.00% Onion oil 1.00% Rosemary extract 2.00% Magnesium chloride 0.10% Glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinolate 26.00% Propylene glycol 35.071% Water 9.60% Viscosity Additionally, viscosity was determined for DPD liquid 3.0 composition and various mixtures of DPD liquid 3.0 and additional water to evaluate to evaluate the behaviour of the liquid composition based on varied amount of water added. For example, DPD liquid 3.0 + 5% H2O refers to a mixture where additional 5% of water was added, i.e. the mixture would contain, for example, 100ml DPD liquid 3.0 and 5ml water. Viscosity was determined by performing flow measurements using Din Flow Cup type Din 53211 with orifice diameter of 4 mm. Time needed for a specific volume of the prepared liquid composition to flow through an orifice of said flow cup was measured and was expressed in seconds. In particular, the orifice of a clean and dry flow cup was covered, and the flow cup was filled with the liquid to the brim without any air bubbles. Upon filling, the cover at the bottom of the orifice was removed, and a stopwatch was initiated simultaneously as the liquid began to exit the orifice. The stopwatch was stopped immediately when the continuous flow of the liquid from the orifice ceased. As known to a skilled person, the measured flow time correlates with the viscosity. Results The prepared DPD liquid A resulted in a non-stable formulation. This can be seen in Figure 4, showing the obtained milky white emulsion immediately after preparing DPD liquid A. The prepared DPD liquid B resulted in a non-stable formulation. After exposure of DPD liquid B to stress conditions, separation of said formulation was observed. In particular, after exposure to 60 °C formation of two layers in said formulation were observed (Figure 5). Similarly, formation of layers over time and / or after exposure to stress condition were observed in the prepared DPD liquid C1 and DPD liquid C2 (data not shown). Thus, DPD liquid C1 and C2 also resulted in non-stable formulations. On the other hand, the prepared DPD liquid 3.0 surprisingly resulted in a clear and soluble composition with no visible separation and / or layers as seen in Figure 3, left side. No separation was observed after exposure to stress conditions, including after exposure to 60 °C (Figure 6). Accordingly, said DPD liquid 3.0 represents a stable liquid composition. Furthermore, viscosity of 7 different mixtures of DPD liquid 3.0 and water was determined using Din Flow Cup. As seen in Table 1 and Figure 7, viscosity of the DPD liquid 3.0 initially increases with the addition of water, but starts to decrease again at higher water concentrations. For example, with the addition of 30% of water, a short flow time was observed, correlating to low viscosity. Thus, the DPD liquid 3.0 exhibited good flow characteristics, even when exposed to watery conditions such as in cow’s rumen. Table 1: Measured flow times of DPD liquid 3.0 with different amounts of added water Flow Time (seconds) DPD Liquid 3.0 28DPD Liquid 3.0 + 5% H2O 51DPD Liquid 3.0 + 10% H2O 104DPD Liquid 3.0 + 15% H2O 132DPD Liquid 3.0 + 20% H2O 116DPD Liquid 3.0 + 25% H2O 86DPD Liquid 3.0 + 30% H2O 59Example 3.1 – Solid DPD composition in a form of topdress (TD) or in a form of a bolus composition WO2023200340 discloses the use of porcine gelatine capsules containing DPD for reducing lactation in cows. While effective, this mode of administration presents several drawbacks. Handling the liquid DPD formulation within the gelatine capsules is cumbersome, as the formulation must be prepared immediately prior to administration and is associated with an unpleasant odour. Moreover, gelatine capsules were found to be unstable in contact with DPD, leading to leakage and necessitating on-demand preparation. Additional disadvantages include difficulties adjusting the dosage according to individual cow weight, the risk of spillage during dosing and handling, and the practical difficulty of administering a liquid-filled gelatine capsule using a bolus shooter. To address these problems, two different solid formulations were prepared, namely DPD topdress (TD) and DPD bolus composition. DPD top dress (TD) preparation 34% of liquid DPD formulation was micro-encapsulated together with a 66% of fat matrix of palm oil fatty acids esterified with glycerol using micro-encapsulation techniques known in the art, to obtain a micro-encapsulated DPD intermediate solid product. Thereafter, the micro-encapsulated DPD intermediate solid product was mixed with equal part of taste / appetite enhancer powder to obtain 500 gram of DPD topdress (TD) powder. 500 gram of said DPD topdress powder contains 68 grams of DPD. DPD bolus composition The DPD bolus composition was prepared using known bolus preparation techniques in the art with a composition as follows: Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate 2.00%Magnesium oxide 3.00%Magnesium stearate 1.00%Dextrose monohydrate 6.00%Brewer’s yeast 5.00%Cellulose (e.g., silicified microcrystalline cellulose such as SMCC 90) 26.50%Dicalcium phosphate 10.00%Silicon dioxide (silica) 23.00%DPD 18.40%Onion oil 1.15%Rosemary extract 2.30%Glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate 1.15%Salvia 0.50% Each bolus contains 13.8 g of DPD. Study design. Six lactating cows producing more than 20 kg milk / day were used. Lactation stages varied from 1 to 3, and the cows were aged between 2.11 and 5.07 years. The cows were milked three times daily. Four cows received DPD treatment in a form of DPD topdress at day 0 (D0), while 2 cows received DPD treatment in a form of 4 boluses / tablets at once. Milk samples were collected at milking prior to treatment. Group treated with 4 boluses / tablets received the treatment in the morning on D0. Each bolus contains 13.8 g of DPD. Thus, 55.2g of DPD was administered at dry-off (D0). The DPD topdress powder was mixed with total mixed ration (TMR). After the last milking in the evening on D0, 4 cows were moved to the dry-off group and were fed with DPD topdress powder distributed over TMR. Each cow received 1 pot of mixture of 500 g DPD topdress powder and TMR, corresponding to 68 grams of DPD. The following day feed intake was checked and normal milking routine was followed and the follow-up milk samples were collected at mid-day milking. Milk samples were evaluated for reduction in milk production (MP, i.e. yield), fat, protein content, pH and somatic cell count (SCC). Results and conclusion Cow DPD MP fat protein pH SCC treatment reduction reduction reduction reduction reduction 471 via TD 2,6% 23,2% -1,7% -0,2% -7,4%326 via TD 0,0% 16,5% 1,0% -1,8% -2,3%337 via TD 0,3% 37,2% -2,1% -1,7% -32,1%105 via TD 7,8% -25,7% 5,2% -2,5% 75,9%354 4 boluses 46,8% -12,9% -4,4% -1,3% -26,5%at once 536 4 boluses 43,8% -1,3% -1,7% -1,8% -38,6%at once As it can be seen above, the average milk yield reduction in Top Dress group was 2.7%, and there was no consistent effect on fat, protein, pH or SCC reduction in cows treated with DPD via Top Dress. Accordingly, a single 500g dose of DPD TopDress powder did not produce a significant or reliable reduction in milk production or changes in milk composition in high-yielding dairy cows. In contrast, the cows treated with DPD administered in a form of 4 boluses / tablets at once showed a clear and immediate reduction in milk production. These results are in line with trials described below and confirm the high efficacy of DPD bolus / tablet composition as a dry-off solution, even in cows producing over 25 kg / day. Example 3.2 – Release profile of DPD liquid absorbed on silica versus DPD liquid micro-encapsulated in fat matrix Scope. Topdress application of micro-encapsulated DPD liquid did not result in significant reduction of milk production effect as compared to the significant reduction observed for DPD bolus composition. To evaluate potential reasons for this, release profile in water was evaluated for DPD liquid absorbed on silica (herein referred to as FEC powder) and for DPD liquid micro-encapsulated in fat matrix (herein referred to as FEC micro-encapsulated). Design. FEC powder was prepared using 50% DPD liquid (containing 80% DPD) and 50% silica. FEC micro-encapsulated was prepared using 34% DPD liquid (containing 80% DPD) and 66% fat matrix as described in Example 3.1.1 gram of FEC powder and 1 gram of FEC micro-encapsulated was added separately into 100 ml of of tap water and gently mixed. Analysis of DPD concentration using LCMS was performed at T=0 (without water) and once added in water at the following time intervals: T= 2 minutes; T= 30 minutes, T= 2 hours and T=24 hours. Dissolution Testing Method As used herein, “percent released” refers to the percentage of DPD dissolved in a dissolution medium when tested in accordance with USP <711> using Apparatus 3 (reciprocating cylinder), with modifications to simulate rumen conditions. Dissolution testing is carried out in an aqueous medium at pH 6–7, with a volume of 500–1000 mL, maintained at 37.0 ± 0.5 °C. The reciprocating cylinder is operated at 30 dips per minute ± 5%. Samples are collected at predetermined time points as indicated below (e.g., 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes) and analyzed by visual inspection. Results and conclusion. Matrix FEC powder (50% Liquid;FEC micro-encapsulated 50% Silica) (34% liquid & 66% fat matrix) 1) Pure (without water T=0) 99% 95%Time table of % release % of DPD released to water phase from solid to water phase 2) T= 2 min water 95% 0,7%3) T= 30 min water 100% 4,3%4) T= 2 h water 100% 13%5) T ≥ 24 h water 100% 98%As shown in the table above, FEC-absorbed on silica (FEC powder) directly releases DPD. In particular, at T = 2 minutes, 95% of DPD was surprisingly already released in the water phase. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that this may have a direct effect on the rumen fermentation and the surprising significant reduction of milk production as observed upon bolus administration under Example 3.1. The results further indicate that FEC -micro encapsulated has a slow release mechanism. After 2 hours only 10-15% of DPD was released. This may indicate a delayed effect on the rumen fermentation possibly resulting in no significant or reliable effect on reduction of milk production upon top dress application as described in Example 3.1 While micro-encapsulation of the DPD liquid formulation is favorable in reducing the unpleasant odor, the slow release observed in this study does not present the micro- encapsulated formulation as particularly advantageous. Example 3.3 - Disintegration of solid bolus composition Introduction The liquid application of DPD showed a very good and direct effect on the reduction of milk production when administered at the time of drying off. Without wishing to be bound by theory, this effect is believed to result from the ability of the liquid formulation to directly affect the complete microbiome in the rumen and modulating the production of certain volatile fatty acids. Since volatile fatty acids serve as an energy source and as precursors for milk synthesis, their modulation / reduction is believed to contribute to the observed decrease in milk production. While the DPD liquid formulation has proven effective, farmers generally prefer solid dosage forms such as boluses / tablets due to ease of handling, administration and reduced odor. The solid bolus formulation contains suitable amounts of silica and DPD that are able to withstand mechanical pressure during bolus pressing. As shown in Example 3.2, DPD liquid absorbed on silica (referred to as FEC powder) exerts a perfect immediate release profile of DPD. Nevertheless, when such formulations are subsequently processed into boluses / tablets, the release pattern may be altered, possibly due to the high compression forces typically applied during pressing of the bolus / tablet (such as in the range of 400- 600 kg / cm2) which may modify the physical structure of the formulation and thereby affect the release pattern of DPD. Generally, farmers apply the product in between 2 hours after the last milking. If the bolus does not disintegrate immediately, the onset of milk reduction may be delayed. Such a delay may increase the risk of milk leakage and may cause discomfort for the cow. Accordingly, ensuring immediate or a sufficient disintegration rate of the bolus / tablet is of great importance in order to mimic the rapid onset of action observed with the liquid application and thereby achieve the desired therapeutic effect. In an exemplary embodiment, at least 80% of DPD (e.g., 80% of an 80g DPD containing bolus) should be released into the rumen within 60 minutes. The release pattern in the rumen can be predicted as described below. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate disintegration rate of DPD bolus solid composition and select ingredients which have both a supportive effect on the disintegration of the tablet / bolus and also have a positive effect on the anti-inflammatory effect. Formulations Two DPD bolus / tablet solid composition were prepared with compositions as follows: Substance 07410-01 07410-02Calcium stearate 2.00% 2.00%Magnesium oxide 3.00% 3.00%Magnesium stearate 1.00% 1.00%Dextrose monohydrate 6.00% 6.00%Brewer’s yeast 5.00% 5.00%Cellulose36.50% 36.50%(e.g. silicified microcrystalline cellulose such as SMCC90) Silicon dioxide (silica) 23.00% 23.00%DPD 18.40% 19.55%Onion oil 1.15% 1.15%Rosemary extract 2.30% 0.00%Cinnamaldehyde 0.00% 2.30%Glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate 1.15% 0.00%Salvia 0.50% 0.50%Both compositions are part of the present invention. Bolus formulation 07410-01 contains Rosemary extract which is known for its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Cinnamaldehyde is also known as having very good anti-inflammatory properties. Disintegration of both prepared boluses / tablets was evaluated using Copley Disintegration tester DTG 200i at 30 rpm and 37ºC in water. Results and conclusion. Tablet % disintegration 07410-02 07410-01Start 0% 0%10 min 50% 20%20 min 100% 50%40 min 100% 60%60 min 100% 80%90 min 100% 100%Bolus formulation 07410-01 disintegrated fast and completely within 90 minutes. When Rosemary extract was replaced with Cinnamaldehyde in formulation 070410-02, the bolus / tablet disintegration was surprisingly even faster and completed within 20 minutes. Without wishing to be bound by theory, fast disintegration of said solid compositions is believed to positively contribute to the onset of reduction in milk production when administered at the moment of drying off, and may thereby result in lower udder pressure, less milk leakage after the application of the product. It is hypothesized that one of the contributors to the fast disintegration observed with 07410- 02 is cinnamaldehyde. Cinnamaldehyde is a hydrophobic molecule with a hydrophilic group, which may reduce the water-vapor transmittance rate and may lead to a better penetration of water and faster disintegration of the tablet / bolus. Example 3.4 – Milk reduction in lactating cows after administration of solid composition Scope. Various dosages DPD in a form of bolus solid composition as described in Example 3.1 were orally administered to cows and the correlation between milk yield reduction and various dosages of DPD was determined. Each bolus contains 13.8 g of DPD. Study design. 15 cows from 4 different farms were used. The start of the dry period of every cow was between 40 to 60 days before calving. The cows were milked twice a day at fixed times and the cows were selected based on their milk production 24 hours before DPD administering took place. No extra measures were taken to stimulate dry-off, such as changes in feed ration or changes in milking frequency. The cows are milked twice a day. The cows were housed in free stables. A bolus with DPD was administered at drying off at least before 2 hours of the last milking. For this study various dosages DPD were administered to lactating cows. 1 bolus corresponds to about 13.8 grams of DPD. Various number of boluses were administered at once, within 8 hours, or within 12 hours. Results and conclusion. Table 2: Milk yield reduction. Lact refers to a number of lactation cycle(s) of the cow. Dim refers to days in milk.▲ indicates time interval between each administration. Farm cow lact dim # bolus Milk yield reduction Farm 1 121 1 613 2x2 (▲8h) 27,54%199 1 323 2x2 (▲8h) 21,16% Farm cow lact dim # bolus Milk yield reduction 58 2 409 3 13,91%56 3 380 3 15,70%72 2 484 4 36,55%114 2 254 4 3,49%Farm 2 39 4 236 2x2 (▲12h) -3,99%139 4 176 4x1 (in 12h) 19,49%271 3 198 3 10,90%926 5 331 4 53,41%Farm 3 159 2 231 4 20%Table 3: Average milk yield reduction at farm 4. ▲ indicates time interval between each administration. # bolus Milk yield reduction 3x at once 15,26%4x at once 31,59%2x2 (within period of 24h; ▲12h) 13,76%4x1 (in 12h): in period of 12 hours every 4 hours 1 bolus 19,49%As seen in Tables 2-3, milk production during the next milking was successfully decreased after administration of DPD in all cows with exception of one. In general, cows treated with 4 boluses in total exhibited higher milk yield reduction. While 4 boluses may be administered throughout different time intervals, the optimal milk yield reduction was observed after administration of 4 boluses at once. Moreover, it was observed that the prepared bolus surprisingly had hardly any unpleasant sulfurous smell. Example 4 – Milk reduction in lactating cows after administration of 4 boluses Scope. DPD in a form of solid composition (bolus) and with a total amount of 4 boluses was orally administered to cows and the effects of said treatment on the overall health of the cows were evaluated. Study design. 104 cows from 14 different farms from 4 different countries were used. Based on the results from Example 3, administering 4 boluses at once and / or within a short period of time was selected as the most optimal treatment and used in this study. 1 bolus corresponds to about 13.8 grams of DPD. 4 boluses were administered at once. Results and conclusion. These trials yielded positive outcomes, with no reported issues related to udder health, including no issues with mastitis or other inflammations. Additionally, there were no incidences of illness among the animals during the dry-off period. The treatment also showed a favourable impact on subsequent lactation phases. There were no issues observed with colostrum (first milk) production after calving, and milk production during the first two weeks post-calving was unaffected. These results indicate the efficacy and safety of the administered boluses with DPD. Example 5 – Milk production in lactating cows after DPD liquid 3.0 administration Scope. DPD in a form of liquid composition (DPD liquid 3.0 as described herein above) was orally administered to cows and the effects of said treatment on milk production and somatic cell count in the first lactation cycle following dry-off were evaluated. Study design. 73 Jersey cows were used in this study.41 cows were administered with 250 ml of DPD liquid 3.0, and 32 non-treated cows (control group). DPD liquid 3.0 was administered directly after last milking. Results and conclusion. Table 4: Milk production per day and somatic cell count (SCC) of treated and non-treated cows. Avg. Lact.: average number of lactation cycles. DIM: day in milk. SCC: Somatic cell count Group NumberAvg. Lact. DIM Avg. 1st testAvg. 1sttest of Cows Milk [LBS] SCC [x103cells / mL] DPD Liquid41 2.8 59 73 773.0 Control 32 4.1 57 70 247As seen in Table 4 cows treated with DPD liquid 3.0 showed higher milk production and lower SCC in comparison with non-treated cows. Avg. 1sttest refers to amounts during the lactation cycle following dry-off. Example 6 The dry-off period (DO) represents a pivotal transition in the lactation cycle of dairy cows, significantly impacting health and productivity. During this phase, cows undergo substantial physiological adjustments, including metabolic, hormonal, and immune changes, which prepare them for the subsequent lactation. Mismanagement during this critical stage can result in metabolic disorders, compromised immune function, and reduced milk yield. This calls for effective strategies essential to maintaining transition cow health and optimizing productivity. Recent advancements in dry-off strategies emphasize the use of dietary interventions and targeted treatments to support metabolic adaptation and minimize negative energy balance. This study evaluates the impact of di-n-propyl disulfide on a wide range of biomarkers related to metabolism, mineral balance, enzyme profiles, and milk production, aiming to establish its potential benefits and identify key biomarkers affected by the intervention. Immediately after dry-off, udder health is influenced by mammary involution, immune function, and bacterial colonization. Lactoferrin, cathelicidin, and milk pH are primary immune markers indicating udder health. Citrate and lactose are useful to monitor involution success. Indicators of udder immunity, metabolic shifts, and overall mammary gland health during the dry-off period are discussed below: Cathelicidin (Antimicrobial Peptide, AMP) Host defense peptides that help eliminate pathogens through direct antimicrobial action and immune modulation. Enhances neutrophil recruitment and stimulates the innate immune response. A higher concentration of cathelicidins correlates with better udder immunity. Lower levels indicate impaired innate immunity, leaving the udder vulnerable to new intramammary infections (IMI). Citrate Essential for casein synthesis and milk mineral balance and precursor for fatty acid synthesis in milk. Citrate levels drop post-dry-off, as milk synthesis halts. Low citrate levels indicate successful mammary involution. Lactoferrin A potent antimicrobial protein that binds free iron, preventing bacterial proliferation. Enhances immune cell recruitment and protects against intramammary infections (IMI). Regulates mammary epithelial apoptosis, aiding involution. Lactoferrin levels increase post-dry-off as part of the innate immune response. High levels are protective, while low lactoferrin post-dry-off is associated with higher mastitis susceptibility. Milk pH Milk pH is normally 6.6–6.8 in lactating cows. Higher pH levels correlate with inflammatory responses in the udder. Increases from ~6.6 to ~7.0–7.2 during involution. A higher pH (>7.2) suggests inflammation or subclinical mastitis. A delayed pH increase may indicate persistent secretory activity (poor dry-off adaptation). Lactose Reflects secretory activity of mammary epithelial cells. Drops rapidly due to cessation of milk synthesis. Persistently high lactose levels post-dry-off suggest: oInadequate closure of tight junctions in mammary epithelium.o Leaky mammary gland, increasing risk of bacterial colonization. o Subclinical infections that impair involution. Biomarkers of metabolic health are presented below Biomarker normal levels Abnormal levels and what they indicateNEFA >0.3 mmol / L >0.6 mmol / L (excessive fat mobilization)BHB Normal (<1.0 mmol / L) >1.2 mmol / L (subclinical ketosis)Cholesterol Normal (2–4 mmol / L) <2.0 mmol / L (hepatic lipidosis risk)CPK Normal (<150 U / L) >300 U / L (muscle stress, hypocalcemia, ketosis)CalciumNormal (2.1 – 2.5mmol / l) < 2.0 mmol / l (subclinical hypocalcemia) Haptoglobin <0.1 g / L (healthy cow) > 0.2 g / L (systemic inflammation / metabolic stress) During the transition period (3 weeks before to 3 weeks after calving), dairy cows are at risk of: Negative energy balance (NEB): leading to high NEFA & BHB (ketosis risk) Calcium mobilization failure: leading to low blood Ca (hypocalcemia risk) Hepatic lipid metabolism challenges: leading to low cholesterol (fatty liver risk) Muscle weakness & damage: leading to elevated CPK (due to energy or calcium deficiency) Subclinical Ketosis Risk: High NEFA (>0.6 mmol / L) and BHB (>1.2 mmol / L) indicate developing ketosis. If cholesterol is low (<2.0 mmol / L), it suggests poor fat metabolism. If CPK is also high (>300 U / L), it may indicate muscle catabolism due to metabolic stress. Hypocalcemia & Muscle Weakness: Cows with hypocalcemia (<1.4 mmol / L total Ca) may also have elevated CPK due to muscle damage. If ketosis is also present, metabolic stress can further elevate CPK levels. Fatty Liver Syndrome: High NEFA, low cholesterol, and elevated CPK suggest hepatic lipid accumulation and metabolic distress. This combination increases the risk of poor recovery, low milk yield, and higher disease susceptibility. Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute-phase protein (APP) synthesized by the liver in response to inflammation, infection, or tissue damage. In a healthy cow, haptoglobin is undetectable or very low. Hp increases due to: Ketosis & Negative Energy Balance (NEB), resulting in Liver stress. Fatty Liver Syndrome resulting in Hepatic inflammation. Hypocalcemia resulting in Increased oxidative stress. Muscle Damage (High CPK) resulting in Tissue injury. Metritis / Mastitis resulting in Infection-induced inflammation. Materials and Methods A longitudinal, randomized, double-blinded pilot study was conducted involving 22 multiparous Holstein cows from a single commercial farm. The animals were divided into two groups: a treatment group (n=12) receiving the di-n-propyl disulfide and a control group (n=12) receiving standard care. A simple randomization was implemented. The two groups were checked afterward to ensure they are homogeneous in terms of age, production, parity (number of lactations), and body condition score. The homogeneity between groups before drying off is verified for the following variables: daily milk production, 305 days milk production, parity (lactation number), and body condition score. The values are within physiological norms, except for SCC where one cow from group Treatment shows more than 2M cells / mL. Group Milk production 305 d(kg) Parity Treatment 13351 2Control 12936 2Treatment 15538 2Control 13601 2Control 13962 2Control 12755 2Treatment 11351 1Control 13140 1Control 11670 1Treatment 11022 1Treatment 12151 1Treatment 18570 5Control 11128 1Treatment 11889 1Treatment 9363 1Control 9956 1Control 11925 1Control 13523 4Treatment 13787 4Control 15941 4Treatment 12530 4Treatment 13576 3Treatment 13638 3Control 15302 2 Biomarkers were assessed using standard methods across blood, milk, and clinical metrics at day 1 before DO (DO-1), day 3 after DO (DO3), day 40 after DO (DO40), day 7 after Calving (C7). The term 'dry-off' (DO) refers to the final milking at the end of lactation before the dry period. Both the treatment group and the control group received at dry off (DO) day and at day DO3 antibiotics and teat-sealants and at DO40 and DO50 teat-sealants. The treatment group also received at DO 4 boli per os, administered sequentially. The boli were the same as those used in Examples 2 and 3, with a composition as follows: Substance amount (wt.%) Calcium stearate 2.00%Magnesium oxide 3.00%Magnesium stearate 1.00%Dextrose monohydrate 6.00%Brewer’s yeast 5.00%Cellulose (e.g., silicified microcrystalline cellulose such as SMCC 90) 26.50%Dicalcium phosphate 10.00%Silicon dioxide (silica) 23.00%DPD 18.40%Onion oil 1.15%Rosemary extract 2.30%Glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate 1.15%Salvia 0.50%Each bolus contains 13.8 g of DPD. Thus, 55.2g of DPD was administered at dry-off (D0). The results of the biomarker data is presented as follows. Each biomarker is indicated with the median values for the control group (Ctrl) and the treatment group (Tt), the respective standard deviation (SD), and the minimum and maximum values. I. NEFA / Cholesterol ratio is lower compared to control group prior to calving NEFA / Cholesterol levels were measured in the blood of 10 control cows and 10 treatment cows at D0-1, DO3, and D040; and in 6 control cows and 5 treated cows at C-7. II. beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is is lower in treatment group day 3 and 7 after calving BHB (mmol / L) was measured in the blood of 8 control cows and 7 treatment cows at C3 and C-7. III. Total calcium is higher in treatment group prior to calving and at day 7 after calving Total calcium in blood (mmol / L) was measured in 10 control cows and 10 treatment cows at D0-1, DO3, and D040; and in 6 control cows and 5 treated cows at C-7. IV. In treated cows, the number of cows with low Haptoglobin levels is higher and the number with high Haptoglobine levels is lower than the control group after dry-off and through at least C7. Haptoglobin (Hp) was measured in the blood and each cow was characterized based on having low (<0.15 units) or high (>0.15 units) amount of Hp. Amount of Hp #cows DO-1 #cows DO3 #cows DO40 #cows C7<0.15 control 5 1 10 3<0.15 tmt 6 2 9 4>0.15 control 5 9 0 3>0.15 tmt 4 8 1 1V. Cathelidicin was higher in treatment group at DO-1 and DO3 Cathelidicin was measured in the milk of 12 control cows and 12 treatment cows at D0-1 and DO3, 7 control cows and 8 treatment cows at DO50 and in 9 control cows and 10 treatment cows at C-7. VI. Citrate is lower in treatment group at DO3 Citrate (mmol / L) was measured in milk using MIR (Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy) in 12 control cows and 12 treatment cows at C3 and C-7. VII. Higher blood urea levels in treatment group at DO40 and C7 Urea in blood (mgl / L) was measured in 10 control cows and 10 treatment cows at D0-1, DO3, and DO40; and in 6 control cows and 5 treated cows at C-7. VIII. Milk lactose is lower at DO3 in treatment group Milk lactose (g / 100ml) was measured in the milk of 12 control cows and 12 treatment cows at D0-1 and DO3, and in 8 control cows and 7 treatment cows at C-7. IX. pH is lower at DO3 in treatment group Milk pH was measured in 12 control cows and 12 treatment cows at D0-1 and DO3, and in 8 control cows and 7 treatment cows at C-7. X. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels are reduced at DO40 and C-7 is treatment group CPK was measured in the blood of 10 control cows and 10 treatment cows at D0-1, DO3 and DO40, and in 6 control cows and 5 treatment cows at C-7. Results and conclusion • Energy Metabolism (blood): Lower non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels were observed in the treatment group DO40 (median difference of 50%), indicating reduced fat mobilization prepartum. The reduced levels of NEFA and BHB levels in the treatment group indicates are reduced risk of ketosis. Higher cholesterol levels in the treatment group indicate improved hepatic lipid clearance, supporting liver health and indicating a reduced risk of fatty liver syndrome. Additionally, higher urea levels in the treatment group at DO40 and C7 (median differences of 13% and 15%, respectively) suggest better amino acid utilization and metabolic preparation for calving. Lower values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) in the treatment group at C7 (median differences of 9.5% and 17%) further support reduced energy reserve mobilization. • Mineral Profile (blood): Treated cows showed higher calcium (median difference of 9%) and phosphorus levels (median difference of 24%) at C7, which are critical for postpartum recovery and metabolic health. Higher blood calcium levels help prevent hypocalcemia, ensuring better neuromuscular function and reducing the incidence of milk fever. • Reduced CPK levels in the treatment group indicates reduced muscle damage and overall metabolic stress, contributing to better physical resilience around calving. • Low haptoglobin levels indicate reduced systemic inflammation, thus lowering the risk of postpartum infections and improving overall cow health. • Milk Health and Inflammation: No significant differences in somatic cell count or early inflammation biomarker such as cathelicidin were observed between groups across the study. Significant reduction in milk lactose, and mild reduction in milk pH were observed in the treatment group at DO3.

Claims

Claims 1. A solid composition comprising di-n-propyl disulfide and one or more absorbents.

2. The solid composition according to claim 1, wherein the absorbent is selected from silicon dioxide, bentonite, sepiolite, zeolite, or a combination thereof.

3. The solid composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the absorbent is silicon dioxide.

4. The solid composition according to claim 3, comprising from 15% to 30% by weight silicon dioxide, preferably from 20% to 25% by weight.

5. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solid composition further comprises one or more of calcium stearate, magnesium oxide, and / or magnesium stearate.

6. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solid composition further comprises one or more binders, preferably wherein the binder is a dextrose monohydrate.

7. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solid composition further comprises one or more stabilizers, preferably wherein the stabilizer is silicified microcrystalline cellulose.

8. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solid composition further comprises dicalcium phosphate, more preferably dicalcium phosphate anhydrate.

9. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solid composition further comprises rosemary extract or cinnamaldehyde, preferably cinnamaldehyde.

10. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solid composition comprises comprising di-n-propyl disulfide, silicon dioxide, and cinnamaldehyde.

11. The solid composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least 80% of the DPD is released within 120 minutes when tested using reciprocating cylinder in an aqueous medium at pH 6–7, at 37.0 ± 0.5 °C, with a volume of 500–1000 mL and operated at 30 dips per minute ± 5%.

12. A liquid composition comprising di-n-propyl disulfide, an emulsifier and a solubilizing agent, preferably wherein the solubilizing agent is propylene glycol.

13. The liquid composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solubilizing agent is selected from any one of glycols, glycerol, vegetable oils, or a combination thereof, preferably wherein the solubilizing agent is glycol.

14. The liquid composition according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising from 20% v / v to 80% v / v solubilizing agent, preferably from 25% v / v to 50% v / v, more preferably from 30% v / v to 40% v / v.

15. The liquid composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the emulsifier is a non-ionic emulsifier, preferably wherein the non-ionic emulsifier is a polyol ester of ricinoleic acid, more preferably glyceryl polyethyleneglycol ricinoleate, preferably wherein the liquid composition comprises from 15% v / v to 35% v / v emulsifier, preferably 20% v / v to 30% v / v.

16. The solid or liquid composition of any one of the preceding claims for use in a) in reducing lactation in a mammal;b) in reducing the occurrence of dry-off related stress, dry-off relatedinflammation, or dry-off related infections in a mammal; c) increasing milk production in a lactation cycle following dry-off; and / ord) in promoting the health and well-being of a lactating mammal;preferably in reducing lactation in a mammal.

17. The solid or liquid composition for use according to claim 16, wherein promoting the health and well-being of a lactating mammal includes any one or more of the following: increasing blood calcium and / or phosphorus levels, reducing systemic inflammation or the risk thereof, reduced fat mobilization, and supporting amino acid mobilization.

18. Di-n-propyl disulfide or the solid or liquid composition of any one of claims 1-15 for use in reducing the risk of dry-off related complications.

19. A method for reducing the risk of dry-off related complications, the method comprising administering to a lactating mammal di-n-propyl disulfide or the solid or liquid composition of any one of claims 1-15.

20. The di-n-propyl disulfide or solid or liquid composition for use according to claim 18, or the method of claim 19, wherein the dry-off related complications are selected from ketosis, systemic inflammation, hypocalcemia, muscle weakness, and fatty liver syndrome.

21. The di-n-propyl disulfide or solid or liquid composition for use according to claim 18 or 20, or the method of claim 19 or 20, wherein milking is abruptly or gradually ceased in said mammal and said composition or di-n-propyl disulfide is administered on the day that said milking is ceased, preferably wherein between 50-80 grams of di-n-propyl disulfide is administered, more preferably between 50- 60 grams of di-n-propyl disulfide is administered.

22. The di-n-propyl disulfide or solid or liquid composition for use according to claim 18, 20-21, or the method of claim 19-21, wherein the mammal is a cow, preferably a gestating cow.

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