A mobile house

Abstract

The claimed invention relates to all-weather mobile house structures made of environmentally friendly materials that can be transported to the installation site on heavy-duty wheeled platforms of vehicles and assembled at the installation site. The mobile house has a frame wall structure (1), a frame roof structure (3) and a frame floor structure (2) that form a single supporting structure. The single supporting structure is based on a metal frame structure of a wheeled chassis that has at least one pair of wheels. Each frame panel has a wooden frame that forms the end walls of the panel. Inside the wooden frame is placed compressed straw (24), which forms the inner and outer walls of the panel. The surface of the compressed straw (24) is processed by trimming. Plaster layers (27, 28) containing clay are applied to the surfaces that forming the inner and outer walls of the frame panels. Moisture-repellant layers (25, 30) are mounted through the lathing on the outside of the plaster (27, 28) layers of the external and internal walls of the frame panels of the wall structure (1), roof structure (3) and floor structure (2).

Description

[0001] A MOBILE HOUSE

[0002] The claimed technical solution relates to fields of construction and transportation, in particular, to structures of weatherproof mobile houses made of environmental materials that can be transported to an installation site on large wheeled platforms of vehicles and can be arranged on the installation site by moving by means of own wheeled chassis.

[0003] Although mobile houses have been known for quite a long time, today they began to be in higher demand by consumers who like traveling, change their job location periodically, may work remotely or simply want to avoid high costs for property purchase and maintenance, purchase of land lots for building a home. These houses can ensure living comfort and convenience that are comparable to traditional stationary foundation houses, but they allow to move from one location to another relatively easily and avoid additional problems related to selection and purchase of the land lot.

[0004] A patent GB679942 discloses a mobile house that comprises a framed wall structure, a framed roof structure and a framed floor structure, a wheeled chassis, windows and doors. According to this invention, the wall structure comprises a frame that consists of horizontal and vertical longitudinal elements that are joined in their intersection points, as well as inner and outer panels that are mounted on the frame such that each panel contacts either with the horizontal elements or with the vertical elements only. By means of said solution, air may circulate within a space between said inner and outer panels, while air vents are provided such that air can enter said space and escape therefrom.

[0005] In turn, the roof structure comprises an outer curved metal coating that abuts on a curved longitudinal support with each side thereof and a revetment in a form of a lining (being a thin wall board) that forms a ceiling and is fixed on transverse supporting beams located between the outer curved metal coating and the lining. Said beams are provided with air holes (Fig. 5, 6 of the specification of the patent No. 679942).

[0006] Therefore, although the described mobile house structure is relatively rigid and properly ventilated, it is burdened by the curved longitudinal supports and the supporting beams which the metal coating and the lining abut on respectively, and, in case of the mobile house, this is significant for a number of reasons, e.g., transportation convenience, fuel conservation, minimum wear of vehicles, mounting and demounting simplicity, road safety, etc.

[0007] This patent specification briefly mentions that in one of embodiments of the invention, an isolation material layer may be arranged between the inner and the outer panels, in particular, between the frame and the inner surface of the outer panels. However, there are no specific examples of the used materials, thus, a level of their thermal-insulating properties is vague. A composition of these materials is important in terms of ecology as well: in modem construction field, there is an increased interest to environmentally friendly and energy-efficient materials having a reduced carbon footprint, thereby facilitating reduction of an adverse environmental impact. Furthermore, it is not clear how the outer panel is fixed to the frame via the thermal-insulating material: if the thermalinsulating material layer is present, a glue joint between the panel and frame will not be possible, while a connection by means of rod-like fastening elements will result in breakage of integrity of the panels and the thermal-insulating material layer as well as in formation of so-called “thermal bypasses” that may cause formation of a condensate in said locations due to temperature drop and deterioration of isolating properties.

[0008] Therefore, an objective of the claimed technical solution is to provide a mobile house structure that, while being reliable, environmentally friendly and properly ventilated, is characterized by a high degree of thermal isolation and vapor permeability, as well as has a minimum possible weight.

[0009] With consideration of the above-mentioned information, the above-described solution of the mobile house structure as disclosed in the specification of the patent GB 679942 has been chosen as the closest analogue of the claimed solution.

[0010] The claimed solution of the mobile house and the closest analog share the following features:

[0011] - provision of the framed wall structure, the framed roof structure and the framed floor structure;

[0012] - provision of the wheeled chassis;

[0013] - provision of at least one door.

[0014] The objective is achieved by the fact that the mobile house comprising the framed wall structure, the framed roof structure and the framed floor structure, the wheeled chassis and at least one door, according to claimed solution, has such wall structure, roof structure and floor structure that form a uniform holding structure as a result of combination of the framed panels and provision of an overall spatial rigidity by the longitudinal and transverse elements of the frames of these panels. Wherein the roof structure is at least a single-pitch structure, and its inner surface is a ceiling. At the same time, the above-described uniform holding structure abuts on a metal frame structure of the wheeled chassis that has at least one pair of wheels. Furthermore, each said framed panel has a wooden framework that forms end walls of the panel, the framework contains a straw that is pressed to a density of 80-160 kg / m3that, together with side surfaces of the end walls of the wooden framework, forms the inner and the outer walls of the panel. The surface of the pressed straw that, together with the side surfaces of the end walls of the wooden framework, forms the inner and the outer walls of this panel is processed by cutting, while adjacent end walls of said framed panels are joined to each other. Furthermore, adjacent end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of the roof structure and end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of the wall structure are joined to each other by means of flat metal comer elements having holes, and their surfaces abut on corresponding surfaces of the end walls of the joinable framed panels, while rod-like fastening elements pass through the holes into the joinable framed panels. Furthermore, adjacent end parts of the inner walls of the framed panels of the roof structure and end parts of the inner walls of the framed panels of the wall structure, as well as adjacent end parts of the outer walls of the framed panels of the roof structure and end parts of the outer walls of the framed panels of the wall structure are correspondingly joined to each other by means of bent metal comer elements having holes, and their surfaces abut on corresponding surfaces of the walls of the joinable framed panels, while rod-like fastening elements pass through the holes into the joinable framed panels. Also, plaster layers having a thickness of not greater than 20 mm are applied to said inner and outer walls of the framed panels, wherein the plaster layer that is applied to the inner walls of the panels comprises clay and sand, while the plaster layer that is applied to the outer walls of the panels comprises clay and sand or lime and sand or lime, cement and sand. Furthermore, moisture-proof layers are mounted, through a lath, outside the above-mentioned plaster layers of the outer and the inner walls of the framed panels of the wall structure, the framed panels of the roof structure, as well as outside the plaster layer of the outer walls of the framed panels of the floor structure, to form an air gap between these layers and the plaster layers. At the same time, the above-mentioned air gaps formed between the moisture-proof layers and the plaster layers of the outer walls of the framed panels of the wall structure, the framed panels of the roof structure and the framed panels of the floor structure, are in communication with an outer surrounding air space and ensure a natural air ventilation, while the above-mentioned air gaps formed between the moisture- proof layers and the plaster layers of the inner walls of the framed panels of the wall structure and the framed panels of the roof structure are in communication with an inner air space of the house and ensure a natural air ventilation. Furthermore, an upper layer of a floor surface is mounted outside the plaster layer of the inner walls of the framed panels of the floor structure also through the lath and so as to form an air gap between this layer and the plaster layer. Therewith, this air gap is in communication with the inner air space of the house and ensures the natural air ventilation.

[0015] In separate embodiments, the roof structure may be made as a duo-pitch structure. Therewith, adjacent end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of a first pitch of the roof structure and end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of a second pitch of the roof structure may be joined to each other by means of flat metal comer elements having holes, and their surfaces abut on corresponding surfaces of the walls of the joinable framed panels, while rod-like fastening elements may pass through the holes into the joinable framed panels.

[0016] Furthermore, in separate embodiments, the wooden framework that forms the end walls of at least one of the above-described framed panels may have at least one partition that divides an interior of this framed panel into cells.

[0017] Besides, in separate embodiments, a width of the end walls of the above-described framed panels formed by the wooden framework may be not greater than 200 mm.

[0018] Also, in separate embodiments, the wall structure may be provided with at least one window.

[0019] In separate embodiments, the wall structure may abut on the floor structure, while the roof structure may abut on the wall structure.

[0020] Furthermore, in separate embodiments, the above-mentioned moisture-proof layers that are mounted on the outer and the inner walls of the framed panels of the wall structure, on the inner walls of the framed panels of the roof structure, as well as on the outer walls of the framed panels of the floor structure, may be formed by wood planks or metal or plastic panels having a tongue-and-grooved joint (a lining).

[0021] Furthermore, in separate embodiments, the above-mentioned moisture-proof layers mounted on the outer walls of the framed panels of the roof structure may be made in a form of a seam roofing.

[0022] Also, in separate embodiments, each of the above-mentioned framed panels may have a wooden framework that forms the end walls of the panel, the framework contains the straw that is pressed to a density of 110-130 kg / m3.

[0023] Furthermore, in separate embodiments, plaster layers having a thickness of not greater than 10 mm may be applied to the above-mentioned inner and outer walls of the framed panels.

[0024] Also, in separate embodiments, each of the above-mentioned framed panels may have a wooden framework that forms the end walls of the panel, the framework contains the pressed straw having a moisture content of not greater than 20%.

[0025] Besides, in separate embodiments, the above-described floor structure may comprise at least one vertical partition to form separate rooms inside the mobile house. A cause-and-effect relationship between the set of features of the claimed solution of the mobile house structure and the technical effect will be provided below.

[0026] Due to making the wall structure, the roof structure and the floor structure in such way that they form the uniform holding structure as a result of combination of the framed panels and provision of the overall spatial rigidity by the longitudinal and the transverse elements of the frames of these panels, it becomes possible to create a uniform closed holding envelope that is able to ensure the structural integrity of the house under horizontal loads that may occur during its transportation or movement at the installation site. At the same time, there is no need to join the opposite upper parts of the wall structure to each other by means of horizontal beams. This allows to ensure a beneficial utilization of a roof cave-in area, thereby eliminating a need in creation of a horizontal ceiling. In this way, it is allowed to reduce vertical dimensions of the house and to reduce a weight of its structure to a maximum extent. This uniform holding structure allows to make the inner surface of the roof structure in a form of a ceiling.

[0027] At the same time, when, in separate embodiments, the wall structure is made so as it abuts on the floor structure, while the roof structure is made so as it abuts on the wall structure, it is allowed to distribute the load in the most reasonable way and to avoid use of any additional support elements in a base of the wall structure and in a lower part of the roof structure. This also allows to reduce a number of the transverse elements of the frame structure of the wheeled chassis. In this way, the weight of the overall structure is reduced. However, in certain embodiments of the metal framed structure of the wheeled chassis, it is possible to arrange the wall structure such that it abuts such framed structure of the wheeled chassis, rather than on the floor structure.

[0028] Therefore, the claimed solution of the mobile house is characterized by reduced weight and, thus, it facilitates its transportation convenience, minimum wear of the vehicles, its mounting and dismounting simplicity, road safety, etc.

[0029] Due to making the roof structure at least as the single-pitch structure, the withdrawal of precipitation from the roof surface is ensured. At the same time, due to making the roof structure as the duo-pitch structure or even a multiple-pitch structure, it becomes possible to ensure a maximum beneficial utilization of the roof cave-in area as well as maximum reduction of the vertical dimensions of the house and maximum reduction of the weight of its structure. The duo-pitch and the multiple-pitch roof structures ensure better protection against precipitation and are more suitable for regions with cold and snowy winter. It will be appreciated that area and shape of the mobile house in any case must not fall beyond that area and that shape thereof which may be used for transportation by large-sized wheeled platforms of the vehicles. The abutment of the uniform holding structure on the metal framed structure of the wheeled chassis that has at least one pair of wheels allows to transport the mobile house to the installation site on the above-mentioned large-sized wheeled platforms of the vehicles and to arrange it at the installation site by moving by means of its own wheeled chassis.

[0030] Use of the straw in the framed panels represents an environmentally friendly and economically reasonable solution: said material, while being relatively inexpensive and having a low “carbon footprint”, is characterized by superior thermal insulation and sound insulation properties, as well as by good vapor permeability, thereby facilitating to ensure high air quality and convenient conditions for residence in the room.

[0031] Use of wood in the framed panels is caused by its properties which are similar to the above-listed properties of the straw.

[0032] Pressing of the straw in the wooden framework ensures formation of a thermal insulating straw block that is depressed into the framework and requires no additional fastening. At the same time, rigidity of the framed panel and further overall spatial rigidity of the uniform holding structure of the house are provided upon combination of these framed panels.

[0033] Due to pressing the straw contained in the wooden framework to obtain the particular density in the range of 80-160 kg / m3, it becomes possible to ensure the required thermalinsulating, vapor permeation and sound-proofing properties. At the same time, the straw density of 110-130 kg / m3ensures the most optimal ratio between said properties and the overall weight of the house structure.

[0034] Use of the straw having the moisture content of not greater than 20% for pressing into the wooden framework is caused by a need in avoiding appearance of doze and mold which is required to ensure a long-term usage period of the house. Furthermore, the straw having the moisture content of not greater than 20% ensures enhanced thermal-insulating properties, since the moisture in the material reduces its heat-retention ability. The moist straw is less stable and it can change its dimensions and shape in course of time that may result in deformation of the panels. In turn, the low-moisture straw maintains its shape and rigidity that is crucial for the stability of the entire structure. The low moisture content of the straw helps to maintain the optimal moisture level inside the room, thereby enhancing air quality and creating convenient conditions for residence.

[0035] Due to provision of the wooden framework of the framed panel with at least one partition that divides the interior of this framed panel into cells, it becomes possible to provide panels having a height that is significantly greater as compared to a width, while at the same time maintaining the rigidity of the structures of these panels and avoiding an undesired deformation of the frame under pressure of the pressed straw. In this particular way, it becomes possible to provide the framed panels having the height that corresponds to the height of the wall structure. The longitudinal and transverse elements of the frame, as well as the partitions, may represent wood planks and they may be joined to each other by means of log inserts in intersection locations.

[0036] At the same time, the width of the end walls of the above-described framed panels formed by the wooden framework being greater than 200 mm ensures the optimal ratio between the weight of the framed panel and the required level of the thermal -insulating properties provided by this panel.

[0037] Application of the plaster layers on the inner and the outer walls of the framed panels formed by the straw together with the side surfaces of the end walls of the wooden framework, first of all, is directed to fix the pressed straw blocks and to provide spatial rigidity to the framed panels, as well as to protect the straw blocks against mechanical damages, rodents and various pests. Therewith, it ensures protection of the straw blocks against airing as well as fire protection which is mandatory.

[0038] Use of the plaster layer comprising clay and sand for application on the inner walls of the framed panels ensures the required vapor permeability and allows to use the properties of the straw blocks with the maximum benefit and to create a suitable microclimate inside the house.

[0039] In the same way, use of the plaster layer comprising clay and sand or lime and sand or lime, cement and sand for application on the outer walls of the framed panels ensures the required vapor permeability and allows to use the “breathing” properties of the straw blocks with the maximum benefit. Therewith, use of the plaster layer comprising lime and sand or lime, cement and sand allows to create a more reliable protection against rodents and various pests from outside.

[0040] Modem outer plasters (portland cement plasters) and gypsum inner plasters are not suitable for coating the straw, since they penetrate much less vapor, do not regulate the humidity and are classified as rigid and hard materials.

[0041] At the same time, the thickness of the plaster layers of up to 20 mm ensures sufficient spatial rigidity of the framed panels and sufficient protection level of the straw blocks against mechanical damages, rodents and various pests, airing and fire hazards.

[0042] The thickness of the plaster layers of up to 10 mm ensures the optimal ratio between the weight of the structure formed by the framed panels and the required spatial rigidity of the framed panels, protection of the straw blocks against mechanical damages, rodents and various pests, airing and fire hazards. In order to obtain a high-quality thermal-insulating straw block, a mass of multidirectional straws is pressed into the wooden framework. However, at the same time, the straws that are close to a press surface gain planar orientation. That is, a significant portion of the straws is arranged approximately in the same plane that limits the outer surface of the pressed block. However, the surface of the straws is flat, so the outer surface of the pressed straw block has rather poor adhesive properties, thereby significantly complicating the application of the plaster on this surface. Thus, in order to ensure the corresponding adhesive properties, as well as to align the outer surfaces, the surfaces of the pressed straw which together with the side surfaces of the end walls of the wooden framework form the inner and the outer walls of the framed panel are processed by cutting. In order to allow this cutting, the straw is pressed considering that after the pressing, the straw mass, due to its elastic properties, will pull out beyond edges of the side surfaces of the end walls of the wooden framework. In this case, the whole part of the straw mass that is beyond said edges will be cut out to obtain a flat surface. As a result, a rather roughened surface having high adhesive properties is obtained. In this way, a smooth dense surface is provided, and it ensures the required adhesion between the plaster and the wall, thereby reducing the risk of layer separation that provides a positive influence on durability and stability of the plaster layer.

[0043] Use of the flat metal comer elements having holes and bent metal comer elements having holes, while their surfaces abut on corresponding surfaces of the outer, inner and end walls of the joinable framed panels, as described above, as well as the rod-like fastening elements that pass through the holes into the joinable framed panels, ensures reliable joining of the adjacent framed panels of the wall structure and the roof structure, as well as the adjacent framed panels of the roof structure only (if the roof structure represents the duo-pitch structure). This allows to provide the rigid uniform holding structure of the house without use of any known and widespread fixing structures and bar elements, thereby ensuring the maximum beneficial use of the interior with the corresponding reduction of the overall weight of the house structure. Therewith, said metal elements are in fact arranged inside the wall structure and the roof structure and almost do not protrude beyond their edges.

[0044] The rod-like fastening elements may represent, e.g., building studs (for flat metal comer elements) and frame screws (for the bent metal comer elements).

[0045] Mounting of the moisture-proof layers outside the plaster layers of the outer and inner walls of the framed panels of the wall structure, the framed panels of the roof structure, as well as outside the plaster layer of the outer walls of the framed panels of the floor structure, is caused by the need in protecting these plaster layers against direct influence of the liquid moisture. It has been mentioned above that these plaster layers comprise clay and lime which is necessary to ensure good vapor permeability, “breathing” properties of the straw blocks and to create a suitable microclimate. However, materials such as clay and lime are prone to dissolution and washout upon direct influence of a liquid thereon which may result in damage, destruction or even complete collapse of the plaster layers comprising these materials. In view of this, the described plaster layers require additional protection against the direct influence of the liquid moisture, and this protection is ensured by mounting the above-mentioned moisture-proof layers.

[0046] In order to ensure that the above-mentioned moisture-proof layers will not impede movement of air and provision of the “breathing” properties of the structures formed by the above-described framed panels due to their vapor permeability, these moisture-proof layers are mounted through the lath, while forming the air gap between these layers and the plaster layers of the framed panels.

[0047] At the same time, the air gaps which are formed between the moisture-proof layers and the outer walls of the framed panels of the wall structure, the roof structure and the floor structure, are in communication with the outer surrounding air space and ensure the natural air ventilation. In this way, air contact between the outer surfaces of the plaster of the framed panels and the surroundings, as well as evaporation of possible condensate are ensured.

[0048] In the same way, the air gaps that are formed between the moisture-proof layers and the inner walls of the framed panels of the wall structure and the roof structure are in communication with the inner air space and ensure the natural air ventilation. In this way, air contact between the inner surfaces of the framed panels and the inner air space of the house, as well as evaporation of possible condensate, are ensured.

[0049] For the same purpose, the upper layer of the floor surface is mounted outside the plaster layer of the inner walls of the framed panels of the floor structure also through the lath and so as to form the air gap between this layer and the plaster layer. Therewith, this air gap is in communication with the inner air space of the house and ensures the natural air ventilation. In this way, air contact between the inner surfaces of the framed panels and the inner air space of the house, as well as evaporation of possible condensate, are ensured.

[0050] Due to said solution, vapor permeability capability of the straw and the plaster layers allow “breathing” of the framed panels, thereby maintaining the optimal microclimate inside the wall structures and the room. Ventilation prevents accumulation of the condensate that may occur due to temperature drops and, thus, development of mold, fungi and doze of the straw. The ventilated space helps to keep the stable temperature inside the panels, thereby facilitating more efficient retention of heat during cold periods and cooling in the summer.

[0051] Formation of the above-mentioned moisture-proof layers mounted on the outer and the inner walls of the framed panels of the wall structure, on the inner walls of the framed panels of the roof structure, as well as on the outer walls of the framed panels of the floor structure, by the wood planks or metal or plastic panels having the tongue-and-grooved joint (the lining) is caused, besides the corresponding moisture-proof properties of these materials, by simplicity and rapidity of their mounting, dense and uniform connection between the panels owing to the “tongue and groove” system, provision of the additional protection of the framed panels against mechanical damages. Furthermore, there is an aesthetic aspect: these materials enhance the visual appearance of the house.

[0052] Formation of the above-mentioned moisture-proof layers arranged on the outer walls of the framed panels of the roof structure by the seam roofing is caused, besides the corresponding moisture-proof properties of this roofing, by its high rigidity and durability. Welted seams ensure high tightness, thereby protecting the roof structure against water penetration. Usually, materials of the seam roofing are metal alloys that may include, in particular, aluminum or copper.

[0053] Provision of the wall structure with at least one window, as well as provision of the floor structure with at least one vertical partition in order to create separate rooms inside the mobile house are important aspects of the building design that facilitate enhancement of comfort, functionality, energy efficiency and safety of accommodation facilities. The windows ensure natural lighting and ventilation, while the partitions help to organize the space, to ensure privacy and to increase the usage convenience of the rooms.

[0054] The essence of the claimed technical solution shall be explained by the following schematic drawings in which:

[0055] Fig. 1 illustrates a layout diagram of main structural elements of the mobile house;

[0056] Fig. 2 illustrates a general view of one of preferable embodiments of the metal framed structure of the wheeled chassis;

[0057] Fig. 3 illustrates a front view of the flat metal comer element that joins the adjacent end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of the roof structure and the end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of the wall structure;

[0058] Fig. 4 illustrates a front view and a side cross-sectional view taken along line A of the bent metal comer element that joins the adjacent end parts of the inner walls of the framed i i panels of the roof structure and the end parts of the inner walls of the framed panels of the wall structure;

[0059] Fig. 5 illustrates a front view and a side cross-sectional view taken along line B of the bent metal comer element that joins the adjacent end parts of the outer walls of the framed panels of the roof structure and the end parts of the outer walls of the framed panels of the wall structure;

[0060] Fig. 6 illustrates a front view of the flat metal comer element that joins the adjacent end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of the first pitch of the roof structure and the end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of the second pitch of the roof structure;

[0061] Fig. 7 illustrates a general view of an area of joining, by means of the flat metal comer element, the adjacent end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of the roof structure and the end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of the wall structure;

[0062] Fig. 8 illustrates a side view of the adjacent flat metal comer element and the two bent metal comer elements as illustrated in Fig. 1 ;

[0063] Fig. 9 illustrates a side view of an area of joining, by means of the flat metal comer element, the adjacent end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of the first pitch of the roof structure and the end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of the second pitch of the roof structure;

[0064] Fig. 10 illustrates a top view and a side cross-sectional view taken along line C of the framed panel of the wall structure;

[0065] Fig. 11 illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of an area of the wall structure;

[0066] Fig. 12 illustrates a side view of one of preferable embodiments of the mobile house.

[0067] These drawings are in no way intended to depict a precise structure of the realistic mobile house, as well as in no way limit a possible implementation of the structure of said house in other embodiments thereof within the scope of the technical solution disclosed in the claims. The provided drawings (Fig. 1 - 12) explain the essence of implementation of the solution using a provisional material object that is characterized by the features included into the claims.

[0068] Fig. 1 depicts a layout diagram of main structural elements of a mobile house according to the claimed technical solution. Said structural elements comprise framed panels 1 of a wall structure, framed panels 2 of a floor structure and framed panels 3 of a roof structure. As seen in said Fig. 1, the roof structure is made as a duo-pitch structure and has a pitch 4 and a pitch 5. An inner surface of the roof structure is a ceiling 6. Adjacent end parts of end walls of the framed panels 3 of the roof structure and end parts of end walls of the framed panels 1 of the wall structure are joined to each other by means of flat metal comer elements 7, and their surfaces abut on corresponding surfaces of the end walls of the joinable framed panels 3 and 1.

[0069] Adjacent end parts of the inner walls of the framed panels 3 of the roof structure and end parts of the inner walls of the framed panels 1 of the wall structure, as well as adjacent end parts of the outer walls of the framed panels 3 of the roof structure and end parts of the outer walls of the framed panels 1 of the wall structure are joined to each other by means of bent metal comer elements 8 and 9 respectively, and their surfaces abut on corresponding surfaces of the walls of the joinable framed panels 3 and 1.

[0070] Adjacent end parts of end walls of the framed panels 3 of the first pitch 4 of the roof structure and end parts of end walls of the framed panels 3 of the second pitch 5 of the roof structure are joined to each other by means of flat metal comer elements 10, and their surfaces abut on corresponding surfaces of the walls of the joinable framed panels 3.

[0071] The wall structure, the roof structure and the floor structure form a uniform holding structure.

[0072] Fig. 2 depicts a general view of a metal framed structure of a wheeled chassis having three pairs of wheels, and the above-mentioned uniform holding structure may abut on the chassis.

[0073] Fig. 3 illustrates a front view of a flat metal comer element 7 that joins the adjacent end parts of the end walls of the framed panels 3 of the roof structure and the end parts of the end walls of the framed panels 1 of the wall structure. Said flat metal comer element 7 is provided with holes 11, while rod-like fastening elements, e.g., in a form of building studs, are to be passed through the holes to the joinable framed panels 1 and 3.

[0074] Fig. 4 illustrates a front view and a side cross-sectional view taken along line A of a bent metal comer element 8 that joins the adjacent end parts of the inner walls of the framed panels 3 of the roof structure and the end parts of the inner walls of the framed panels 1 of the wall structure. Said bent metal comer element 8 is provided with holes 12, while rodlike fastening elements, e.g., in a form of frame screws, are to be passed through the holes to the joinable framed panels 1 and 3.

[0075] Fig. 5 illustrates a front view and a side cross-sectional view taken along line B of a bent metal comer element 9 that joins the adjacent end parts of the outer walls of the framed panels 3 of the roof structure and the end parts of the outer walls of the framed panels 1 of the wall structure. Said bent metal comer element 9 is provided with holes 13, while rod- like fastening elements, e.g., in a form of frame screws, are to be passed through the holes to the joinable framed panels 1 and 3.

[0076] Fig. 6 illustrates a front view of a flat metal comer element 10 that joins the adjacent end parts of the end walls of the framed panels 3 of the first pitch 4 of the roof structure and the end parts of the end walls of the framed panels 3 of the second pitch 5 of the roof structure. Said flat metal comer element 10 is provided with holes 14, while rod-like fastening elements, e.g., in a form of building studs, are to be passed through the holes to the joinable framed panels 3.

[0077] Fig. 7 illustrates a general view of an area of joining, by means of the flat metal comer element 7, the adjacent end parts of the end walls of the framed panels 3 of the roof structure and the end parts of the end walls of the framed panels 1 of the wall structure. Building studs 15 pass through the holes 11 into the joinable framed panels 1 and 3.

[0078] Fig. 8 illustrates a side view of an area of joining, by means of the flat metal comer element 7, the adjacent end parts of the end walls of the framed panels 3 of the roof structure and the end parts of the end walls of the framed panels 1 of the wall structure, joining, by means of the bent metal comer element 8, the adjacent end parts of the inner walls of the framed panels 3 of the roof structure and the end parts of the inner walls of the framed panels 1 of the wall structure, as well as joining, by means of the bent metal comer element 9, the adjacent end parts of the outer walls of the framed panels 3 of the roof structure and the end parts of the outer walls of the framed panels 1 of the wall structure. Building studs 15 pass through the holes 11 into the joinable framed panels 1 and 3. Frame screws 16 pass through the holes 12 into the joinable framed panels 1 and 3. Frame screws 17 pass through the holes 13 into the joinable framed panels 1 and 3. A wooden wedge is designated as 18.

[0079] Fig. 9 illustrates a side view of an area of joining, by means of the flat metal comer element 10, the adjacent end parts of the end walls of the framed panels 3 of the first pitch 4 of the roof structure and the end parts of the end walls of the framed panels 3 of the second pitch 5 of the roof structure. Building studs 19 pass through the holes 14 into the joinable framed panels 3.

[0080] Fig. 10 illustrates a top view and a side cross-sectional view taken along line C of the framed panel 1 of the wall structure. Said panel 1 has a frame that consists of longitudinal elements 20 and transverse elements 21. The longitudinal elements 20 are connected by partitions 22 that divide the interior of the framed panel 1 into cells. The longitudinal and transverse elements 20 and 21 of the framework, respectively, as well as the partitions 22, are joined to each other by means of log inserts 23 in intersection locations. A straw 24 is pressed into the framework, in particular, into each of its cells. A thickness of the framed panel 1 is designated as b and equals to 200 mm.

[0081] In Fig. 10, the framed panel 1 has a parallelepiped shape. Nevertheless, other embodiments of the panel 1 are possible as well, for example, when the longitudinal elements 20 have different length and the transverse element 21 that connects them is, therefore, chamfered. In particular, this arrangement is necessary for abutment of the duo-pitch roof structure on the wall structure formed by these panels 1.

[0082] It will be clear that dimensions of the framed panels 1 may differ as caused by requirements of a specific project of the mobile house.

[0083] Fig. 11 illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of an area of the wall structure, where the following layers thereof are depicted:

[0084] 25 - a moisture-proof layer with a lath,

[0085] 26 - an air gap (air circulation is marked by arrows in this gap),

[0086] 27 - a plaster layer of the outer wall of the framed panel,

[0087] 24 - the straw of the framed panel,

[0088] 28 - a plaster layer of the inner wall of the framed panel,

[0089] 29 - an air gap (air circulation is marked by arrows in this gap),

[0090] 30 - a moisture-proof layer with a lath.

[0091] Fig. 12 depicts a side view of one of preferable embodiments of the mobile house according to the claimed technical solution. It is seen from this view that the mobile house has doors 31 and windows 32.

[0092] Generally, the above-described mobile house may be set up and moved in the following way.

[0093] The mobile house is set up on the holding metal frame structure 11 of the wheeled chassis by a successive assembly of the floor structure, the wall structure and the roof structure from the framed panels. Therewith, these structures are formed by combining the end walls of the adjacent framed panels, e.g., by means of screws. The plaster layers are applied on the wall structure and the roof structure already formed by the framed panels so that the plaster layers form uniform integral surfaces. However, as it can be seen, the claims of the present technical solution also imply that the above-described structures can be formed by combining the framed panels with the plaster layers preliminary applied thereon on both sides of the framed panel and on only one side thereof. The framed panels of the floor structure are mounted through the lath on the moisture-proof layer so as to form the air gap between said layer and the plaster layer on the outer walls of the framed panels of the floor structure. Therewith, the plaster layer may be preliminary applied on the outer side of the framed panels. The framed panels of the floor structure may be mounted directly on the holding metal frame structure of the wheeled chassis. Afterwards, the outer moisture-proof layer may be mounted through the lath in the gaps between bars of the metal frame structure of the wheeled chassis. The floor structure may be fastened on the holding metal frame structure of the wheeled chassis by any known means. In order to connect the framed panels of the wall structure between each other and between the framed panels of the roof structure, the flat metal comer elements 7, the bent metal comer elements 8 and the bent metal comer elements 9 are used, while in order to connect the framed panels of the duo-pitch roof structure, the flat metal comer elements 10 are used.

[0094] After all the required connections are made, the moisture-proof layers are mounted through the lath outside the plaster layers of the outer and inner walls of the framed panels of the wall structure and the framed panels of the roof structure so as to form the air gap between these layers and the plaster layers.

[0095] Furthermore, the upper layer of the floor surface is mounted through the lath outside the plaster layer of the inner walls of the framed panels of the floor structure, thereby ensuring formation of the air gap between this floor surface layer and the plaster layer.

[0096] The natural air ventilation is ensured due to communication of the corresponding air gaps with the inner air space of the house and the surrounding outer air space. Said air communication may be ensured by creation of horizontal slits or by mounting of ventilation grids in the holes of the moisture-proof layers.

[0097] Furthermore, window and door blocks are mounted in the corresponding holes of the wall structures. The partitions for formation of individual rooms are mounted inside, and utility lines are pursued.

[0098] In order to transport the mobile house to an installation site, large-sized wheeled platforms of vehicles are used, since this house, in view of its high dimensions, may correspondingly have a high weight, and it is not intended to be moved to long distances on its own chassis as a trailer. The arrangement (orientation) of the mobile house at the installation site is carried out by moving by means of the own wheeled chassis of the house. After this mobile house is arranged, its position in the horizontal plane is aligned and this position is fixed. This is carried out by means of collapsible supports that are arranged along a perimeter of the holding metal frame structure of the wheeled chassis of the mobile house. Said supports are made according to a jack principle, and they may be withdrawable or pivotable, i.e., they may be preliminary connected to the frame structure of the wheeled chassis or they may be used as individual additional devices.

[0099] Data of an existing project is provided below, and this project was directed to provide a structure having a reduced weight and a high degree of thermal insulation and vapor permeability.

[0100] The house is to be used in climatic regions that may imply a snow cover characteristic value being 2000 Pa per 1 m2of a horizontal surface and a wind pressure characteristic value being 1000 Pa per 1 m2. The house has a fire resistance rating being V (DBN V.1.1.7-2016 “Fire protection. Fire security of construction facilities”).

[0101] The one-store mobile house has a rectangular shape in a plane and has dimensions 12.4 m x 3.734 m. In order to set it up, the framed panels having the wooden framework were used, while the framework contains the pressed straw as a heat retainer having thickness of 200 mm and density of 120-150 kg / m3.

[0102] Both sides of the outer and the inner walls of the framed panels are coated with the plaster layer that comprises clay and sand and has thickness of 10 mm. The house has the framed structure, and its stability is ensured by rigid interconnection of the framed panels of the wall structure and the framed panels of the roof structure by means of the metal comer elements and the rod-like fastening elements.

[0103] The heat transmission resistance of the wall structure R0 was 4.18 W / m2*K (heat conductivity coefficients: the plaster layer comprising clay and sand having thickness of 10 mm - 0.7 W / m2*K, the pressed straw layer having thickness of 200 mm - 0.05 W / m2*K). That is, the heat transmission resistance value of the wall structure is greater than the specified value - 4 W / m2*K (according to the DBN V.2.6-31-2021 “Thermal insulation of buildings”)

[0104] All the wooden elements were painted by a moisture-proof antipyrene according to the requirements of SNiP 2.03.11-85.

[0105] As it can be seen, the above-described technical solution allows to create the mobile house structure that, while being reliable, environmentally friendly and properly ventilated, is also characterized by the high degree of thermal isolation and vapor permeability, as well as has the minimum possible weight.

Claims

C L A I M S1. A mobile house comprising a framed wall structure, a framed roof structure and a framed floor structure, a wheeled chassis and at least one door, wherein it has such wall structure, roof structure and floor structure that they form a uniform holding structure as a result of combination of framed panels and provision of an overall spatial rigidity by longitudinal and transverse elements of frames of these panels, where the roof structure is at least a single-pitch structure, and its inner surface is a ceiling, and the above-described uniform holding structure abuts on a metal frame structure of the wheeled chassis that has at least one pair of wheels, and each said framed panel has a wooden framework that forms end walls of the panel, the framework contains a straw that is pressed to a density of 80-160 kg / m3that, together with side surfaces of end walls of the wooden framework, forms inner and outer walls of the panel, and a surface of the pressed straw that, together with the side surfaces of the end walls of the wooden framework, forms the inner and the outer walls of this panel is processed by cutting, and adjacent end walls of said framed panels are joined to each other, furthermore, adjacent end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of the roof structure and end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of the wall structure are joined to each other by means of flat metal comer elements having holes, and their surfaces abut on corresponding surfaces of the end walls of the joinable framed panels, while rod-like fastening elements pass through the holes into the joinable framed panels, adjacent end parts of the inner walls of the framed panels of the roof structure and end parts of the inner walls of the framed panels of the wall structure, as well as adjacent end parts of the outer walls of the framed panels of the roof structure and end parts of the outer walls of the framed panels of the wall structure are correspondingly joined to each other by means of bent metal comer elements having holes, and their surfaces abut on corresponding surfaces of the walls of the joinable framed panels, while rod-like fastening elements pass through the holes into the joinable framed panels. furthermore, plaster layers having a thickness of not greater than 20 mm are applied to said inner and outer walls of the framed panels, where the plaster layer that is applied to the inner walls of the panels comprises clay and sand, while the plaster layer that is applied tothe outer walls of the panels comprises clay and sand or lime and sand or lime, cement and sand, furthermore, moisture-proof layers are mounted, through a lath, outside the above- mentioned plaster layers of the outer and the inner walls of the framed panels of the wall structure, the framed panels of the roof structure, as well as outside the plaster layer of the outer walls of the framed panels of the floor structure, to form an air gap between these layers and the plaster layers, therewith, the above-mentioned air gaps which are formed between the moisture-proof layers and the plaster layers of the outer walls of the framed panels of the wall structure, the framed panels of the roof structure and the framed panels of the floor structure, are in communication with an outer surrounding air space and ensure a natural air ventilation, and the above-mentioned air gaps which are formed between the moisture-proof layers and the plaster layers of the inner walls of the framed panels of the wall structure and the framed panels of the roof structure are in communication with the inner air space and ensure the natural air ventilation, furthermore, an upper layer of a floor surface is mounted outside the plaster layer of the inner walls of the framed panels of the floor structure also through the lath and so as to form an air gap between this layer and the plaster layer, and this air gap is in communication with the inner air space of the house and ensures the natural air ventilation.

2. The mobile house according to claim 1, -wherein the roof structure is made as a duopitch structure.

3. The mobile house according to claim 2, wherein adjacent end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of a first pitch of the roof structure and end parts of the end walls of the framed panels of a second pitch of the roof structure are joined to each other by means of flat metal comer elements having holes, and their surfaces abut on corresponding surfaces of the walls of the joinable framed panels, while rod-like fastening elements pass through the holes into the joinable framed panels.

4. The mobile house according to claim 1 , wherein the wooden framework that forms the end walls of at least one of the above-described framed panels has at least one partition that divides an interior of this framed panel into cells.

5. The mobile house according to claim 1, wherein a width of the end walls of the abovedescribed framed panels formed by the wooden framework is not greater than 200 mm.

6. The mobile house according to claim 1, wherein the wall structure is provided with at least one window.

7. The mobile house according to claim 1 , wherein the wall structure abuts on the floor structure, and the roof structure abuts on the wall structure.

8. The mobile house according to claim 1 , wherein the above-mentioned moisture-proof layers that are mounted on the outer and the inner walls of the framed panels of the wall structure, on the inner walls of the framed panels of the roof structure, as well as on the outer walls of the framed panels of the floor structure, are formed by wood planks or metal or plastic panels having a tongue-and-grooved joint (a lining).

9. The mobile house according to claim 1 , wherein the above-mentioned moisture-proof layers mounted on the outer walls of the framed panels of the roof structure are made in a form of a seam roofing.

10. The mobile house according to claim 1, wherein each of the above-mentioned framed panels has a wooden framework that forms the end walls of the panel, the framework contains the straw that is pressed to a density of 110-130 kg / m3.

11. The mobile house according to claim 1, wherein plaster layers having a thickness of not greater than 10 mm are applied to the above-mentioned inner and outer walls of the framed panels.

12. The mobile house according to claim 1 , wherein each of the above-mentioned framed panels has a wooden framework that forms the end walls of the panel, the framework contains a pressed straw having a moisture content of not greater than 20%.

13. The mobile house according to claim 1, wherein the above-described floor structure comprises at least one vertical partition to form separate rooms inside the mobile house.

Images