Communication methods and communication apparatuses
By using a single request frame to schedule multiple STAs with specific slot and duration indications, the overhead of AP scheduling is reduced, improving data transmission efficiency and communication performance in Ambient Power-enabled Wi-Fi IoT devices.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
The overhead of APs scheduling STAs for uplink transmission is high, which affects data transmission efficiency and communication performance in Ambient Power-enabled Wi-Fi IoT devices.
The AP schedules multiple STAs for data transmission using a single request frame, which includes fields for indicating the quantity of slots, assigned slots, and duration, reducing the overhead of scheduling and improving transmission efficiency.
This approach enhances data transmission efficiency and communication performance by minimizing the overhead of AP scheduling, allowing simultaneous scheduling of multiple STAs.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024116983_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION METHODS AND COMMUNICATION APPARATUSESTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technologies, in particular, to communication methods and communication apparatuses.BACKGROUND
[0002] Ambient Power (AMP) is an emerging technology within the IEEE 802.11 working group, focusing on integrating Ambient Power communication into IEEE 802.11 STAs. The primary goal of AMP is to cater to the needs of Ambient Power-enabled Wi-Fi IoT devices, known as AMP Internet of Things (IoT) stationary APs (STAs) (which will be abbreviated as STAs below) . These devices are designed to utilize energy harvesting technologies to significantly extend their battery life. The energy harvesting methods being explored include radio frequency (RF) power harvesting (or backscattering) , light-based power harvesting, motion-based power harvesting, and others. Due to hardware limitations and the requirement to minimize power consumption, AMP non-AP STAs are expected to operate at a much lower channel bandwidth compared to traditional 802.11 STAs.
[0003] At present, APs need to schedule STAs for uplink data transmission. How to reduce the overhead of APs scheduling STAs for uplink transmission is a technical problem that needs to be solved.
[0004] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present disclosure. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present disclosure.SUMMARY
[0005] The present disclosure provides communication methods and communication apparatuses, which reduce the overhead of an AP scheduling an STA for uplink transmission, thereby improving the data transmission efficiency between the AP and the STA and improving the communication performance.
[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the following technical solutions are adopted in the present disclosure.
[0007] According to a first aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at an AP side, for example, an AP or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in an AP.
[0008] In this method, the AP determines a request frame, the request frame is used for scheduling at least two stations (STAs) for data transmission; and the AP sends the request frame to the at least two STAs.
[0009] Therefore, the AP schedules at least two STAs for data transmission through one request frame, which may reduce the overhead of an AP scheduling an STA for uplink transmission, thereby improving the data transmission efficiency between the AP and the STA and improving the communication performance.
[0010] In some possible implementations, the request frame includes a first field for indicating a quantity of slots for transmission, and a second field for indicating slots assigned to the at least two STAs.
[0011] In this way, the AP may indicate the quantity of slots for transmission and the slots assigned to all the STAs, which may ensure the reduction of the overhead of an AP scheduling an STA for uplink transmission.
[0012] In some possible implementations, the request frame further includes a third field for indicating duration of each slot.
[0013] In some possible implementations, the second field includes: a field for indicating STA identification (ID) list based assignment, and another field for indicating an STA ID list.
[0014] In this way, the STA may perform data transmission based on the STA ID list.
[0015] In some possible implementations, the second field includes a field for indicating slot index list based assignment, another field for indicating a session ID, and yet another field for indicating a slot index list.
[0016] In this way, the STA may perform data transmission based on the slot index list and the session ID.
[0017] In some possible implementations, the request frame further includes: a fourth field for indicating existence of the second field.
[0018] In this way, when the fourth field indicates that the second field exists, the slots assigned to the STAs may be determined; and when the fourth field indicates that the second field is absent, it may indicate that the request frame is used for triggered transmission with a single STA.
[0019] In some possible implementations, the method further includes receiving, from at least one STA among the at least two STAs, a response frame for responding to the request frame.
[0020] In some possible implementations, the response frame includes a field for indicating a frame type of the response frame, and the frame type is a scheduled access response frame during triggered transmission or scheduled transmission.
[0021] According to a second aspect, a method may be applied to an STA side, for example, an STA or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in an STA on an STA side. For example, the method is applied to an IoT device.
[0022] In the method, the STA receives a request frame from an AP, the request frame is used for scheduling at least two STAs for data transmission; and the STA sends a response frame to the AP.
[0023] Based on this, one request frame can schedule at least two STAs, so that the AP can schedule a plurality of STAs by sending one request frame, which improves the efficiency of triggered transmission between the AP and the STA, and reduces the overhead of the scheduled uplink transmission.
[0024] In some possible implementations, the request frame includes: a first field for indicating a quantity of slots for transmission, and a second field for indicating slots assigned to the at least two STAs.
[0025] In some possible implementations, the request frame further includes a third field for indicating duration of each slot.
[0026] In some possible implementations, the second field includes: a field for indicating STA ID list based assignment, and another field for indicating an STA ID list.
[0027] In some possible implementations, the second field includes: a field for indicating slot index list based assignment, another field for indicating a session ID, and yet another field for indicating a slot index list.
[0028] In some possible implementations, the request frame further includes: a fourth field for indicating existence of the second field.
[0029] In some possible implementations, the response frame includes a field for indicating a frame type of the response frame, and the frame type is a scheduled access response frame during triggered transmission or scheduled transmission.
[0030] In a third aspect, a communication method is provided. The method may be applied at an AP side, for example, an AP or a module in an AP, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem (modem) chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, or an SoC chip or an SIP chip (including a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in an AP. For example, the method is applied to an AP. In this method, the AP sends a first request frame, and the first request frame is used for triggering a scheduled transmission of a group of STAs, and is further used for scheduling a first STA in the group of STAs for data transmission; and the AP sends a second request frame for scheduling a second STA in the group of STAs for data transmission.
[0031] Based on this, the STA may receive the first request frame from the AP and send the first response frame to the AP. Thus, the first STA in the group of STAs may be scheduled immediately through the first request frame. In addition, the AP may send the second request frame to schedule the second STA in the group of STA may be scheduled. Therefore, it may be possible to improve the efficiency of triggered transmission between the AP and the STA and reduce the overhead of the scheduled uplink transmission.
[0032] In some possible implementations, before sending the second request frame, the method further includes receiving, from the first STA, a first response frame for responding to the first request frame.
[0033] In some possible implementations, the first response frame includes a field for indicating a frame type of the first response frame, and the frame type is a scheduled access response frame during triggered transmission or scheduled transmission.
[0034] In some possible implementations, the method further includes receiving, from the second STA, a second response frame for responding to the second request frame.
[0035] In some possible implementations, the first request frame includes: a first field for indicating a quantity of slots for transmission, and a second field for indicating slots assigned to the group of STAs.
[0036] In some possible implementations, the first request frame further includes a third field for indicating duration of each slot.
[0037] In some possible implementations, the second field includes: a field for indicating group or session based assignment, and another field for indicating an ID of the first STA.
[0038] In this way, the STA may perform data transmission based on the group or session assignment, and the first STA sends a response frame.
[0039] In some possible implementations, the second field further includes yet another field for indicating a session ID.
[0040] In some possible implementations, the first request frame further includes a fourth field for indicating existence of the second field.
[0041] In some possible implementations, the second request frame includes a field for indicating an ID of the second STA. Since the second request frame only carries the field indicating the ID of the second STA, the second request frame has a shorter frame structure and requires fewer bits, which may save bit overhead.
[0042] According to a fourth aspect, a method may be applied to an STA side, for example, a location server or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a location server on an STA side. For example, the method is applied to a location server. In the method, the location server: receives a first request frame from an AP, the first request frame being used for triggering a scheduled transmission of a first group of STAs and being further used for scheduling a first STA in the first group of STAs for data transmission; and sends a first response frame to the AP. the first response frame being used for responding to the first request frame.
[0043] In some possible implementations, the first response frame includes a field for indicating a frame type of the first response frame, and the frame type is a scheduled access response frame during triggered transmission or scheduled transmission.
[0044] In some possible implementations, the first request frame includes: a first field for indicating a quantity of slots for transmission, and a second field for indicating slots assigned to the STAs.
[0045] In some possible implementations, the first request frame further includes a third field for indicating duration of each slot.
[0046] In some possible implementations, the second field includes: a field for indicating group or session based assignment, and another field for indicating an ID of the first STA in the first group of STAs.
[0047] In some possible implementations, the second field further includes yet another field for indicating a session ID.
[0048] In some possible implementations, the first request frame further includes a fourth field for indicating existence of the second field.
[0049] In some possible implementations, the method further includes: receiving, from the AP, a second request frame for scheduling a first STA in a second group of STAs for data transmission, the second request frame including a field for indicating an ID of the first STA in the second group of STAs; and sending a second response frame to the AP.
[0050] According to s fifth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing any one of the first to fourth aspects. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0051] According to s sixth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in any one of the first to fourth aspects. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of any one of the first to fourth aspects.
[0052] In some possible implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0053] In some possible implementations, the communication apparatus may further include the memory.
[0054] The communication apparatus may be an AP, a module in an AP, or a chip responsible for a communication function in an AP, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0055] According to a seventh aspect, a communication system is described, which includes the AP as described in the first aspect and the STA as described in the second aspect, or the AP as described in the third aspect and the STA as described in the fourth aspect.
[0056] According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect to the fourth aspect.
[0057] According to a ninth aspect, a computer program product is provided. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the fourth aspect.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0058] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a possible network architecture applied to the present disclosure;
[0059] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a process of a triggered transmission provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0060] FIG. 3 is a flow diagram showing a communication method provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0061] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between an AMP Request frame and slots for transmission within a TXOP provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0062] FIG. 5 shows an example of scheduled transmission based on the slots for transmission in FIG. 4;
[0063] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a general format AMP frame provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0064] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an unprotected AMP frame provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0065] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a protected AMP frame provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0066] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a Frame Body field in an AMP frame provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0067] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a Frame Body field in another AMP frame provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0068] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an AMP Request frame for scheduled transmission provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0069] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a Slot Information field provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0070] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another Slot Information field provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0071] FIG. 14 shows another example of the slot based scheduled transmission in FIG. 4;
[0072] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a Slot Information field of another AMP Request frame provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0073] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a Slot Information field of yet another AMP Request frame provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0074] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an AMP Response Frame Body field for random access response provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0075] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an AMP Response Frame Body field for scheduled access response provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0076] FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing a format of an AMP Data frame provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0077] FIG. 20 is a schematic flow diagram of a communication method provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0078] FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram showing a communication process of each frame in a TXOP provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0079] FIG. 22 shows an example of scheduled transmission using transmission slots in FIG. 21;
[0080] FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a Slot Information field of yet another AMP Request frame provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0081] FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of a Slot Information field of yet another AMP Request frame provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0082] FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of an AMP Short frame provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0083] FIG. 26 shows an example of scheduled transmission without using transmission slots in FIG. 21;
[0084] FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of an AMP Request frame for scheduled transmission in a non-slot based scenario provided in embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0085] FIG. 28 is a structural diagram of a communication apparatus provided in embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0086] FIG. 29 is a structural diagram of another communication apparatus provided in embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0087] The solutions in the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings below.
[0088] The technical solutions in embodiments of the present disclosure are applied to wireless local area network (WLAN) , and the embodiments of the present disclosure are applied to any of institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 series protocols currently adopted by WLAN, such as IEEE 802.11be / Wi-Fi 7 / EHT protocol, IEEE 802.11bn / UHR / Wi-Fi 8 protocol, IEEE Integrated millimeter (mm) wave (IMMW) protocol, IEEE 802.15 / UWB protocol, or IEEE 802.11bf / sensing protocol. The present disclosure may also adopt spark link / nearlink standard protocol.
[0089] The WLAN may include one or more basic service sets (BSS) , and network nodes in the BSS include access points (APs) and stations (STAs) . For example, the STA in the WLAN may also be referred to as a system, subscriber unit, access terminal, mobile radio station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, user device or user equipment (UE) . The STA may be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a handheld device with a WLAN (e.g., Wi-Fi) communication function, a wearable device, a computing device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem. In addition, the STA may also be the terminal device in the Internet of things (IoT) system, referred to as an IoT device. IoT is an important part of the development of information technology in the future, and its main technical feature is to connect goods with the network through communication technology, so as to realize the intelligent network of man-machine interconnection and material interconnection. IoT technology can achieve massive connection, deep coverage and terminal power saving, e.g., through narrow band (NB) technology.
[0090] In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, relevant terminologies in the present disclosure will be briefly introduced first.
[0091] The following terminologies are used in the present disclosure.
[0092] 1. Ambient Power (AMP)
[0093] IEEE 802.11bp is a new project within the IEEE 802.11 working group that is studying the support of AMP communication in IEEE 802.11 network. The goal is to address the need of ambient power-enabled Wi-Fi IoT devices (AMP non-AP STAs) and other 802.11 STAs (AMP non-AP STAs) . The group is exploring power harvesting technologies that can significantly increase the battery lifespan of the AMP non-AP STAs, such as RF Power harvesting (or backscattering) , power harvesting using light, motion etc.
[0094] Due to the hardware restrictions and the need to lower the power consumption, it is expected that the AMP non-AP STAs will operate at a much lower channel bandwidth (e.g. 4 MHz) and / or data rates compared to traditional 802.11 STAs that operate at channel bandwidths of 20 MHz or multiples of 20 MHz. In addition, the AMP non-AP STAs may not be able to use advanced modulation techniques such as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and hence not able to transmit the legacy 802.11 preamble that is present at the beginning of almost all 802.11 physical protocol data units (PPDUs) .
[0095] 2. AMP AP STA
[0096] AMP AP STA is an AP that can transmit and receive AMP PPDU and communicate with AMP non-AP STAs. AMP AP STA may also be abbreviated as AMP AP or AP.
[0097] 3. AMP non-AP STA
[0098] AMP non-AP STA is a non-AP STA that can transmit and receive AMP PPDU and communicate with AMP AP or another AMP non-AP STA. AMP non-AP STA may also be abbreviated as AMP STA or STA. AMP non-AP STAs that can communicate using mainstream 802.11 protocols such as IEEE 802.11 protocols (e.g., the 802.11 a / b / g protocol, the 802.11n protocol, the 802.11ac protocol, the 802.11ax protocol, the 802.11be / Wi-Fi 7 / EHT protocol, the IEEE 802.11bn / UHR / Wi-Fi 8 protocol, may be known as regular AMP non-AP STAs or AMP Assisting non-AP STA while AMP non-AP STAs that can only communicate using the AMP protocol or AMP protocol and limited legacy 802.11 protocol (e.g., 11b / 11n) may be known as AMP assisted non-AP STAs.
[0099] Based on its capabilities an AMP assisted non-AP STA may be classified as follows.
[0100] (1) . Type A AMP non-AP STA. Type A AMP STAs have capability to support legacy 802.11 protocols (e.g., 802.11b / g / n) and support their own energy source, e.g., battery.
[0101] (2) . Type B AMP non-AP STA. Type B AMP STAs do not support legacy 802.11 protocols and only support low power transceiver operations and also possess some sort of small energy source, e.g., large capacitor, or ambient power source etc. Type B AMP STAs are capable of active transmitting without any backscattering carrier signal and may also be referred to as active AMP non-AP STA.
[0102] (3) . Type C AMP non-AP STA. Type C AMP STAs do not support legacy 802.11 protocols and only support low power transceiver operations and do not possess any energy source. Type C AMP STAs use backscattering technique for their transmissions.
[0103] 4. AMP Reader
[0104] AMP Reader is an AMP AP STA or AMP non-AP STA (e.g., an AMP AP, AMP Relay, AMP Energizer, smartphone with AMP capabilities etc. ) That is able to receive and decode the backscattered signal from a backscattering AMP non-AP STA.
[0105] 5. AMP Carrier Source
[0106] AMP Carrier Source is an AMP non-AP STA (e.g., an AMP Relay, AMP Energizer, smartphone with AMP capabilities etc. ) that provides the carrier signal to allow another AMP non-AP STA to backscatter its signal.
[0107] Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) is the predominant method of channel access in 802.11, in which STAs attempt to avoid collisions by beginning transmission only after the channel is sensed to be "idle" . If the channel is sensed to be "busy" , each STA chooses a random duration to defer the subsequent transmission attempt (known as random backoff procedure) and thereby reduce the chances of collision. The basic version of the medium access protocol in IEEE 802.11 that uses CSMA / CA is called DCF. A more advance version, called EDCA is used by 802.11 STAs that support Quality of Service (QoS) . However, as mentioned in the background section, AMP non-AP STAs may not be able to transmit the legacy 802.11 preamble. It is also expected that the Type B and Type C AMP non-AP STAs will operate at a much lower channel bandwidth (e.g. 4 MHz) and / or lower data rates. In addition, the Carrier sensing ability of a Type B and Type C of AMP non-AP STAs may be limited due to hardware constraints and / or inability to sense transmissions of other STAs e.g. due to the presence of a stronger signal (e.g. backscattering carrier signal) . This means that such AMP non-AP STAs without carrier sensing ability cannot use the 802.11 medium access protocols such as DCF and EDCA. For time slot based random channel access and backoff based random channel access, we detailed the channel access mechanism suitable for AMP non-AP STA (with or without carrier sensing abilities) in close range communication (either mono-static backscattering or active transmission) .
[0108] However, when the AMP Reader (e.g. an AMP AP) is far from a backscattering AMP non-AP STA, the AMP Reader may not be able to correctly decode the backscattered signal due to the large difference in power between the transmitted carrier signal and the received backscattered signal. One solution to the problem is to employ a separate device (e.g. an AMP Carrier Source) to transmit the carrier signal to be used for backscattering while the AMP Reader focuses on receiving the backscattered signal. This is called bi-static backscattering. After the AMP Reader obtains the identity (ID) of one or more AMP non-AP STAs (e.g., AMP tags) , or if it already has access to the ID, the AMP Reader can perform unicast communication with each of the AMP tags, for example to solicit sensor data etc. This may be referred to as triggered transmissions (as opposed to random access transmission) .
[0109] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a network architecture applied to the present invention. In FIG. 1, the AMP AP acts as a first AMP Reader that needs to interact with three tag form AMP non-AP STAs: AMP non-AP STA 1, AMP non-AP STA 2 and AMP non-AP STA 3. While the AMP non-AP STA 3 is an active transmitter device and can communicate with an AMP Reader without requiring any carrier signal, AMP non-AP STA 1 and AMP non-AP STA 2 are backscattering devices and require carrier signal to backscatter their signal. However, the first AMP Reader (i.e., the AMP AP) is far from a backscattering AMP non-AP STAs, and the AMP Reader may not be able to correctly decode the backscattered signal due to the large difference in power between the transmitted carrier signal and the received backscattered signal. In order to overcome this, the AMP non-AP STA 4 (an AMP Carrier Source) is employed to transmit the carrier signal to the two AMP non-AP STAs to be used for backscattering while the AMP Reader focuses on receiving the backscattered signal. The first AMP Reader and the AMP Carrier Source are capable of communicating using mainstream 802.11 standard (802.11n, 11ac, 11ax, 11be etc. ) . A suitable capable Wi-Fi device such as a smartphone can also act as an AMP Reader for close range (mono-static) backscattering, such as with the AMP non-AP STA1. If the first AMP Reader is close to any of the AMP non-AP STAs, e.g., AMP non-AP STA1, it can also engage in direct mono-static backscatter based communication with it.
[0110] Due to the inability of the tag form AMP non-AP STAs to obtain channel on their own, all communication between the AMP Reader and the AMP tags are always initiated by the AMP Reader. Since a Type C AMP non-AP STA is totally dependent on the carrier signal even for the reception of downlink control signals, prior to the transmission of the Control PPDU carrying the downlink AMP frame to the AMP tags, the AMP Reader first transmits the instruction to the AMP Carrier Source to transmit an Energizer PPDU with the carrier signal to the AMP tags. The instruction also specifies the duration for which the carrier signal should be transmitted. Upon receiving the instruction and transmitting the acknowledgment, the AMP Carrier Source transmits the Energizer PPDU with the carrier signal to the AMP tags, providing them with enough power to receive the subsequent control PPDU and also to maintain the operating states until the reception of the next Energizer PPDU. Shortly after the completion of the transmission of the Energizer PPDU, the AMP Reader transmits the AMP control PPDU carrying the downlink AMP frame to the AMP tags. It immediately transmits another instruction to the AMP Carrier Source to transmit a second Energizer PPDU with the carrier signal to the AMP tags and also specifies the duration for which the carrier signal should be transmitted. Upon receiving the instruction and transmitting the acknowledgment, the AMP Carrier Source transmits the second Energizer PPDU with the carrier signal to the AMP tags, providing them with the carrier signal to be used to backscatter their response to the AMP Reader. The AMP tag (s) use the information carried in the downlink AMP frame to backscatter the solicited response on the carrier signal.
[0111] As mentioned earlier, once an AMP Reader obtains the identity (ID) of one or more AMP non-AP STAs (e.g. AMP tags) , or if it already has access to the ID, the AMP Reader can perform unicast communication with each of the AMP tags, for example to solicit sensor data etc. using triggered transmissions with each AMP non-AP STAs.
[0112] The AMP AP can send an AMP Poll frame to a plurality of AMP non-AP STAs to schedule the plurality of AMP non-AP STAs for random access and send a request frame to each AMP non-AP STA to trigger data transmission. Considering the AMP Reader, AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-2, and AMP non-AP STA-4 shown in FIG. 1 as an example, this process will be described below with reference to FIG. 2.
[0113] In a transmit opportunity (TXOP) -1, when AMP Reader wins the wireless medium contention and obtains a TXOP, the AMP Reader may send an AMP Poll frame (ECW = 3) to start a new random access session with eight slots. FIG. 2 only shows four slots, which are Slot0, Slot1, Slot2 and Slot3, and the rest four slots are not shown. Upon receiving the AMP Poll frame (ECW = 3) , the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-2 check if they qualify to participate in the random access session (e.g., based on a network ID or some other filtering condition carried in the AMP Poll frame) and since they qualify, each of the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-2 randomly picks a slot counter (SC) in a range [0, 7] . The AMP non-AP STA-1 picks an SC = 1, and the AMP non-AP STA-2 picks an SC = 2.
[0114] After a short interframe space (SIFS) , the AMP Reader sends an MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame to the AMP Carrier Source to instruct the AMP Carrier Source to send an Energizer PPDU carrying carrier signal (CS) in the TXOP-1. The AMP Carrier Source sends a Clear To send (CTS) frame to the AMP Reader after an SIFS, and then sends an Energizer PPDU carrying a CS after an SIFS. The AMP non-AP STA-1 and the AMP non-AP STA-2 receive the Energizer PPDU and use the CS for backscattering, and each of the AMP non-AP STA-1 and the AMP non-AP STA-2 sends a response frame including its own ID in a selected slot. As shown in FIG. 2, in Slot1, the AMP Reader receives an STA-1 ID from the AMP non-AP STA-1; in Slot1, the AMP Reader receives an STA-2 ID from the AMP non-AP STA-2; and in Slot0 and Slot3, the AMP Reader receives no response. In FIG. 2, a time period from the time in which the AMP Reader sends the AMP MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame and the end of Slot3 in which the AMP Reader receives no response illustrated as the first "Time allocated in MU-RTS TXS Trigger" which indicates the portion of the AMP Reader’s TXOP shared with the AMP Carrier Source by the first AMP MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame.
[0115] After completing the random access session and collecting the IDs of the two AMP non-AP STAs, the AMP Reader may perform triggered transmission on the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-2 in a TXOP-2. For example, the AMP Reader sends an AMP request to the AMP non-AP STA-1, the AMP request carrying the ID of AMP NON-AP STA 1 (STA-1 ID) . After an SIFS, the AMP Reader sends an AMP MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame to the AMP Carrier Source to instruct the AMP Carrier Source to send CS in the TXOP-2. After an SIFS, the AMP Carrier Source sends a CTS-to-self frame to the AMP Reader. After an SIFS, the AMP Carrier Source sends an Energizer PPDU carrying the CS. The AMP non-AP STA-1 receives the Energizer PPDU, uses the CS for backscattering, and sends an AMP response to the AMP Reader. In FIG. 2, a time period from time in which the AMP Reader sends the AMP MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame to time in which the AMP non-AP STA-1 sends the AMP response is the TXOP duration shared by the second MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame and illustrated as the second "Time allocated in MU-RTS TXS Trigger" . The process of the AMP Reader performing the triggered transmission on the AMP non-AP STA-2 is similar to of the process of the AMP Reader performing the triggered transmission on the AMP non-AP STA-1 mentioned above, except that the AMP request sent by the AMP Reader to the AMP non-AP STA-2 carries an ID of AMP NON-AP STA 1 (STA-2 ID) , and details will not be repeated here. In FIG. 2, a time period from time in which the AMP Reader sends the AMP MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame to time in which the AMP non-AP STA-2 sends the AMP response is the TXOP duration shared by the third MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame and illustrated as the third "Time allocated in MU-RTS TXS Trigger" .
[0116] In the above triggered transmission phase, a single backscattered response requires two frame transmissions from the AMP Reader and one frame transmission from the AMP Carrier Source, in addition to the interframe spacing (IFS) and the physical layer (PHY) header overheads. Therefore, the transmission overhead in the above process needs to be reduced.
[0117] In light of this, the present disclosure provides two communication methods. In the first communication method, the AMP AP schedules at least two STAs for data transmission through a request frame, which may reduce the overhead of the AMP AP scheduling the AMP STAs for uplink transmission, thereby improving the efficiency of the data transmission between the AMP AP and the AMP STAs and improving the communication performance. In the second communication method, the AMP AP schedules a first AMP STA in a group of AMP STAs through a first request frame, and sends a second request frame to immediately schedule a second AMP STA in a group of AMP STAs, so that the overhead of the AMP AP scheduling AMP STAs in a group for uplink transmission may be reduced, which may improve the efficiency of data transmission between the AMP AP and the AMP STAs and improve the communication performance.
[0118] For the convenience of description, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described by taking the interaction between an AP and STAs as an example. The AP may be the above-mentioned AMP AP or AMP AP STA, and the STA may be the above-mentioned AMP STA or AMP non-AP STA. The AP and STA may perform some or all of the steps in the embodiments of the present disclosure. These steps or operations are merely examples, and the embodiments of the present disclosure may also perform other operations or variations of the operations. In addition, the steps may be performed in a different order in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it may not be necessary to perform all the operations in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0119] It will be noted that the names of the messages between AP and STA or the names of the parameters in the messages in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely examples, and they may also be other names in the other implementations, which will not be specifically limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0120] The present disclosure is primarily targeted at Type C AMP non-AP STAs, and may also be used by Type B AMP non-AP STAs but is not meant to be restrictive to any particular AMP device type.
[0121] FIG. 3 is a flow diagram showing a communication method according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 300 may be applied to the network architecture shown in FIG. 1. The AP in FIG. 3 is equivalent to the AMP Reader in FIG. 1, and the first STA and the second STA are each equivalent to an AMP Tag (e.g., AMP Tag 1, AMP Tag 2 or AMP Tag 3) in FIG. 1. In addition, the method 300 may also be applied to other network architectures, which will not be limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The communication method 300 includes the following steps.
[0122] In S301, the AP determines a request frame, the request frame being used for scheduling at least two STAs for data transmission. In this embodiment, at least two STAs include a first STA and a second STA.
[0123] Optionally, the request frame may be an AMP Request frame. The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described by taking the AMP Request frame as an example.
[0124] In S302, the AP sends the request frame to the at least two STAs. Correspondingly, the at least two STAs receive the request frame from the AP.
[0125] In S303, the first STA sends a first response frame to the AP. Correspondingly, the AP receives the first response frame. The first response frame is used for responding to the request frame.
[0126] In S304, the second STA sends a second response frame to the AP. Correspondingly, the AP receives the second response frame. The second response frame is used for responding to the request frame.
[0127] Optionally, a response frame may be an AMP Response frame.
[0128] It will be understood that FIG. 3 illustrates an example where the at least two STAs send response frames to the AP.In other possible implementations, there may be a scenario in which a part of the at least two STAs replies a response frame to the AP and another part of the at least two STAs replies no response frame. The embodiments of the present disclosure will not be limited thereto.
[0129] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the AP may schedule the at least two STAs for data transmission through one request frame, which may reduce the overhead of the AP scheduling the STAs for uplink transmission, thereby improving the efficiency of the data transmission between the AP and the STAs and improving the communication performance.
[0130] Optionally, the request frame includes: a first field for indicating a quantity of slots for transmission, and a second field for indicating slots assigned to the at least two STAs.
[0131] Optionally, the request frame further includes a third field for indicating duration of each slot.
[0132] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram showing a relationship between an AMP Request frame and slots for transmission within a TXOP provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4, within a TXOP, the AMP Request frame may include a "Number of Slots" field for indicating a quantity of slots for transmission (which is equivalent to the first field) , and a "Slot Assignment" field for indicating slots assigned to the at least two STAs (which is equivalent to the second field) , and a "Slot Duration" field for indicating duration of each slot (which is equivalent to the third field) . There are (N + 1) slots indicated by the "Number of Slots" field. That is, there are (N + 1) slots in the TXOP. N is an integer greater than 1, which will not be limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0133] The AMP AP may send an AMP Poll frame to a plurality of AMP non-AP STAs to schedule the plurality of AMP non-AP STAs for random access and subsequently send an AMP Request frame to each AMP non-AP STA that responded in the random access phase to trigger data transmission. Considering the AMP Reader, AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2 and AMP non-AP STA-3 shown in FIG. 1 as an example, the scheduled transmission of close range backscattering scenario will be described below with reference to FIG. 5. FIG. 5 shows an example of scheduled transmission based on the slots for transmission in FIG. 4.
[0134] In the TXOP-1, the AMP Reader performs a transmission based on random access to collect the ID of each AMP non-AP STA. The detailed process may include as follows. Firstly, the AMP Reader sends a CTS-to-self frame to protect the TXOP, and after an SIFS, the AMP Reader sends an AMP Poll frame (ECW = 2) to start a new random access session with four slots (Slot0, Slot1, Slot2 and Slot3) . Upon receiving the AMP Poll frame, the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2 and AMP non-AP STA-3 qualify to participate in the random access session. Then, each of the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2 and AMP non-AP STA-3 randomly picks an SC in a range [0, 7] . In FIG. 5, the AMP non-AP STA-1 picks an SC = 1, the AMP non-AP STA-2 picks an SC = 7, and the AMP non-AP STA-3 picks an SC = 3. The AMP Reader sends an Energizer PPDU carrying a carrier signal (CS) for backscattering within the Slot0, Slot1, Slot2 and Slot3. The AMP non-AP STA-1 sends a response frame carrying the STA-1 ID to the AMP Reader in the Slot1 by backscattering the CS, and the AMP non-AP STA-3 sends a response frame carrying the STA-3 ID to the AMP Reader in the Slot3 by backscattering the CS. There is no response in the Slot0 and Slot2.
[0135] Next, in the TXOP-2, the AMP Reader performs scheduled transmission for the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-3. The TXOP-2 may be understood as another TXOP obtained by the AMP Reader for scheduled transmission or if time remains in TXOP-1, the scheduled transmission can also be performed in TXOP-1 itself. In the TXOP-2, the AMP Reader sends a CTS-to-self frame to protect the TXOP, and after an SIFS, the AMP Reader sends an Energizer PPDU carrying a carrier signal to provide energy for each AMP non-AP STA to receive the next AMP control frame. After an SIFS, the AMP Reader sends an AMP Request frame and an Energizer PPDU to the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-3. The AMP Request frame is carried in a Control+Energizer PPDU (or simply called the AMP DL PPDU) for scheduling the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-3 to transmit uplink data, and the AMP Request frame carries the slots allocated by AMP Reader for all the AMP non-AP STAs. In FIG. 5, the slot assigned to the AMP non-AP STA-1 is Slot0 and the slot assigned to the AMP non-AP STA-3 is Slot1. The Energizer PPDU is used to provide the carrier signal (CS) for the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-3 to backscatter the respective responses. After receiving the AMP Request frame, each of the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-3 performs backscattering using the CS and send an AMP Response frame in a respective slot. That is, the AMP non-AP STA-1 backscatters an AMP Response frame to the AMP Reader in the Slot0, and the AMP non-AP STA-3 backscatters an AMP Response frame to the AMP Reader in the Slot1. Thus, the scheduled transmission of the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-3 by the AMP Reader is completed.
[0136] It will be understood that if the AMP Reader already obtains the IDs of the AMP non-AP STA 1 and AMP non-AP STA 3, the random access phase in the TXOP-1 can be omitted.
[0137] The AMP Request frame and the AMP Poll frame are a types of AMP frame. In order to introduce the frame structure of the AMP Request frame and AMP Poll frame, the frame structure of the AMP frame will be firstly introduced. FIGS. 6 to 8 illustrate formats of AMP frames.
[0138] FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a general format AMP frame provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The AMP frame includes a MAC Header field, a Frame Body field and an FCS field. The MAC Header field is used to indicate a corresponding transmitter ID and receiver ID of the frame, and its length may be 16 bits, 24 bits, 32 bits, 40 bits, 48 bits, 56 bits or 64 bits. The Frame Body field is used to indicate payload of the frame, whose length is variable, depending on a Frame Type field. The FCS field is used to indicate check information related to the frame, and its length is 16 bits.
[0139] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an unprotected AMP frame provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The unprotected AMP frame is a type of AMP frame. In the unprotected AMP frame, the MAC Header field includes a Frame Control field, Transmitter ID field, Receiver ID field, and Length field. The Frame Control field is used to indicate basic attributes and control information of the frame, and its length is 8 bits. The Transmitter ID field is used to indicate an identity of a transmitter of the frame, and when present in the frame, its length is 16 bits. The Receiver ID field is used to indicate an identity of a receiver of the frame, and when present in the frame, its length is 16 bits. The Length field is used to indicate frame length information i.e., the length of the Frame Body field, and when present in the frame, its length is 8 bits.
[0140] The transmitter ID, the Receiver ID and the Length field are optionally provided in the MAC Header, and the existence of each of the fields is indicated by a corresponding field in the Frame Control field.
[0141] Further, the Frame Control field may include a Frame Type field, Protected field, Transmitter ID Present field, Receiver ID Present field, and Length Present field. The Frame Type field is used to indicate the frame type, whose length is 4 bits. The Protected field is used to indicate protection status of the frame and whether the Protection Control field is present in the MAC Header field, and its length is 1 bit. In FIG. 7, a value of the Protected field is 0, which may indicate that the AMP frame is an unprotected AMP frame. The Transmitter ID Present field is used to indicate whether the Transmitter ID field exists, and its length is 1 bits. The Receiver ID Present field is used to indicate whether the Receiver ID field exists, and its length is 1 bit. The Length Present field is used to indicate whether the Length field exists, and its length is 1 bits.
[0142] In the unprotected AMP frame shown in FIG. 7, the FCS field is a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) field, which is used for the receiver performing the CRC on the unprotected AMP frame.
[0143] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a protected AMP frame provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The protected AMP frame is a type of AMP frame. In the protected AMP frame, the MAC Header field includes a Protection Control field in addition to a Frame Control field, Transmitter ID field, Receiver ID field, and Length field. The Protection Control field is used to indicate information required to enable frame protection, and its length is 16 bits.
[0144] Further, the Protection Control field may include an Encrypted field, Key ID field, and PN field. The Encrypted field is used to indicate encrypted status of the frame, and its length is 1 bit. When the value of the Encrypted field is 0, it indicates that the frame is authenticated. When the value of the Encrypted field is 1, it indicates that the Frame Body field is encrypted. The Key ID field is used to indicate the ID of the security key to be used for authentication or encryption and has a length of 3 bits. The PN field is used to indicate the packet number of protected AMP frames, and its length is 12 bits.
[0145] The structure of the Frame Control field in FIG. 8 is the same as that in FIG. 7, except that the Protected field in FIG. 7 has a value of 0, while the Protected field in FIG. 8 has a value of 1. The Protected field with a value of 1 indicates that the AMP frame is a protected AMP frame and the Protected Control field is present in the MAC Header field.
[0146] In the protected AMP frame shown in FIG. 8, the FCS field may be a message integrity code (MIC) field, which is used for the receiver verifying an integrity and authentication of the protected AMP frame. For example, the MIC field is generated using a counter cipher mode with CBC-MAC protocol (CCMP) algorithm or temporal key integrity protocol (TKIP) algorithm.
[0147] Different types of AMP frames are described below with reference to Table 1. Table 1 shows several different values for Frame Type fields in AMP frames.
[0148] Table 1
[0149] As shown in Table 1, in the Frame Type field of the AMP frame, when the Frame Type field is 0, the AMP frame is an AMP Trigger frame, which is used to solicit a response from AMP non-AP STAs either during random access or scheduled access. When the Frame Type field is 1, the AMP frame is an AMP Response frame, which is used for respond to the AMP Trigger frame. When the Frame Type field is 2, the AMP frame is an AMP Authentication frame, which is used for authentication of AMP STAs. When the Frame Type field is 4, the AMP frame is an AMP KeyGen frame, which is used for key generation and exchange. When the Frame Type field is 5, the AMP frame is an AMP RFID frame, which is used to encapsulate AMP RFID commands and responses. When the Frame Type field is 6, the AMP frame is an AMP Short frame, which is used for synchronization with slots. When the frame type values in the range of 7 to 13are reserved. When the Frame Type field is 14, the AMP frame is an AMP Data frame, which is used for carrying higher layer data. When the Frame Type field is 15, the AMP frame is a Vendor Specific frame, i.e., a Vendor Specific AMP frame.
[0150] FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a Frame Body field in an AMP frame provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 9, the Frame Body field includes a Type Dependent Control field and a Type Dependent Payload field. The Type Dependent Control field is used to indicate type dependent control information, when present in the Frame Body field, its length may be 8 bits, or 16 bits. The Type Dependent Payload field is used to carry type dependent payload information, and its length is variable.
[0151] Further, the Frame Body field may have the following three variations (variant-1, variant-2 and variant-3) .
[0152] The variant-1 only contains a Type Dependent Payload field which may be customized for a specific frame type.
[0153] The variant-2 includes a Sub-Type field, Short Sub-Type Control field, and Type Dependent Payload field. The Sub-Type field is used to indicate a sub-type of the frame, and its length is 2 bits. The Short Sub-Type Control field is used to indicate a short sub-type control of the frame, and its length is 6 bits. The Type Dependent Payload field is used to indicate a type dependent payload, and its length is variable.
[0154] The variant-3 includes a Sub-Type field, Long Sub-Type Control field, and Type Dependent Payload field. The Sub-Type field and Type Dependent Payload field of the variant-3 are the same as those of the variant-2. The Long Sub-Type Control field is used to indicate long sub-type control information of the frame, and its length is 14 bits.
[0155] Different Sub-Type fields are described below with reference to Table 2. Table 2 shows relevant contents of Sub-Type fields in a Frame Body field of an AMP Trigger frame.
[0156] Table 2
[0157] In the Sub-Type field of the AMP Request frame, when the value of the Sub-Type field is 0, the AMP frame is an AMP Poll frame, which is used to initiate a random access transmission. When the value of the Sub-Type field is 1, the AMP frame is an AMP Re-poll frame, which is used to continue a random access transmission. The value of the Sub-Type field is 2, and the AMP frame is an AMP ReTx-poll frame, which is used to initiate a random access for retransmission. When the value of the Sub-Type field is 4, the AMP frame is an AMP Request frame, which is used to solicit a triggered response from a single AMP non-AP STA or a schedule response from two or more AMP non-AP STAs.
[0158] Next, on the basis of the AMP frame described in FIGS. 6 to 9, the relevant contents of the AMP Request frame will be introduced with reference to FIGS. 10 to 13.
[0159] Optionally, the request frame further includes a fourth field for indicating existence of the second field. When the fourth field indicates that the second field exists, the slots assigned to the STAs may be determined. When the fourth field indicates that the second field is absent, it may indicate that the request frame is used for triggered transmission with a single STA.
[0160] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the frame structure of the Frame Body field of the request frame may be the varaiant-2 shown in FIG. 2.
[0161] In a possible implementation, the Frame Body field is shown in FIG. 10. In FIG. 10, the value of the Sub-Type field is 3, and the Sub-Type field includes various presence fields to indicate the presence or absence of fields in the Type Dependent Payload field, a Response Control Present field, AMP Command Present field, Slot Info Present field, and Reserved field. The Response Control Present field is used to indicate whether the Response Control field exists, and its length is 1 bit. The AMP Command Present field is used to indicate whether the AMP Command field exists, and its length is 1 bit. The Slot Info Present field is used to indicate whether the Slot Information field exists, and its length is 1 bit. The Reserved field length is 3 bits. In FIG. 10, the value of the Slot Info Present field is set to 0, indicating that there is no Slot Information field in the AMP Request frame. That is, the AMP Request frame may be used for triggered transmission with a single STA. The AMP Request frame shown in FIG. 10 may be applied to the triggered transmission process shown in FIG. 2, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
[0162] In another possible implementation, in the frame structure of the Frame Body field of the request frame, the value of the Slot Info Present field is set to 1, indicating that there is a Slot Information field in the AMP Request frame, and the Slot Information field includes the second field.
[0163] Optionally, the second field includes: a field for indicating STA ID list based assignment (e.g., an Assignment Type field) , and another field for indicating an STA ID list (e.g., an STA ID List field) , so that the STA may transmit data based on the STA ID list.
[0164] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an AMP Request frame for scheduled transmission provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. The Short Sub-Type Control field of the AMP Request frame shown in FIG. 11 is the same as the Short Sub-Type Control field of the AMP Request frame shown in FIG. 10, but the value of the Slot Info Present field in FIG. 10 is 0 and the value of the Slot Info Present field in FIG. 11 is 1. In FIG. 11, the Type Dependent Payload field includes a Response Control field and the above Slot Information field.
[0165] The Response Control field is used to indicate basic attributes and control information of the response frame, and when present its length is 16 bits. Further, the Response Control field includes a Response Type field and a Reserved field. The Response Type field is a bitmap used to indicate the types of expected responses, and its length is 12 bits.
[0166] The Slot Information field is used to indicate Slot Information, and its length is variable. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a Slot Information field provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 12, the Slot Information field (where the Assignment Type field is 0) includes the following fields.
[0167] (1) A Slot Control field, is used to indicate slot related control information, whose length is 8 bits.
[0168] Further, in FIG. 12, the Slot Control field includes a "Number of Slots" field, "Slot Duration Present" field, "Slot Assignment Present" field and "Slot Sync Info" field. The "Number of Slots" field is used to indicate a quantity of slots for transmission, its length is 4 bits, and there may be (N + 1) slots where N is the value indicated by the "Number of Slots" field, i.e., if N = 0, there is 1 slot. The "Slot Duration Present" field is used to indicate whether the Slot Duration field exists, and its length is 1 bit. The "Slot Assignment Present" field is used to indicate whether the Slot Assignment field exists, and its length is 1 bit. The "Slot Sync Info" field is used to indicate slot synchronization related information, and its length is 2 bits.
[0169] Further, the "Slot Sync Info" field includes a Slot SYNC Transmitted field and a Dynamic Slot field. The Slot SYNC Transmitted field is used to indicate whether the AMP Reader transmits a PPDU to indicate start of slots, and its length is 1 bit. The Dynamic Slot field is used to indicate whether the AMP Reader may dynamically adjust the duration of slots, and its length is 1 bit.
[0170] (2) A Slot Duration field, is used to indicate duration of the slot, and when present its length is 8 bits. The Slot Duration field is the third field in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0171] (3) A Slot Assignment field, is used to indicate slots assigned to all the STAs, whose length is variable. The Slot Assignment field is the second field in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0172] As shown in FIG. 12, the Slot Assignment field includes a control field and an STA ID List field. The Control field is used to indicate slot assignment control information, and its length is 8 bits. The STA ID List field is used to indicate an STA ID list, and its length is (N + 1) multiplied by 16 bits, each STA ID being 16 bits.
[0173] Further, the Control field includes an Assignment Type field, Session ID Present field, and Reserved field. The Assignment Type field is used to indicate an STA ID list based transmission, and its length is 2 bits. In FIG. 12, the value of the Assignment Type field is 0 indicating a STA ID List based assignment. The Session ID Present field is used to indicate whether a Session ID field exists, and its length is 1 bit. The length of the Reserved field is 5 bits.
[0174] Further, the STA ID List field may include (N + 1) fields, which are an STA ID 1 field, ..., and an STA ID N+1 field. The STA ID 1 field to STA ID N+1 field are used to represent IDs of the STAs, and each have a length of 16 bits. The STA ID 1 field corresponds to Slot0, and the STA ID N+1 field corresponds to SlotN.
[0175] The value of the above Assignment Type field varies. Table 3 shows the description of different values of the Assignment Type field.
[0176] Table 3
[0177] As shown in Table 3, when the assignment type value is 0, it indicates that the AMP Request frame is used for STA ID list based assignment; when the assignment type value is 1, the AMP Request frame is used for slot index list based assignment; when the assignment type value is 2, the AMP Request frame is used for group / session based assignment; and "3" is a reserved bit.
[0178] In the implementation shown in FIG. 5, a possible example of the Slot Information field in the AMP Request frame is shown in FIG. 13. In FIG. 13, the "Number of Slots" field is b0001 (1) , where b0001 indicates 4 bits, i.e., N = 1, indicating that a quantity of slots is 2. The next four bits in the Slot Control field are set as b1100, indicating Slot Duration Present =1, Slot Assignment present = 1 and Slot Sync Info field = b00. The Slot Duration field is 128 in units of 4 μs, indicating that the duration of each slot is 512 μs. b00000000 indicates 8 bits. The Control field of the Slot Assignment field is set as all 0s, indicating that Assignment Type is 0, Session ID Present = 0 and the Reserved field is all 0s. The STA ID List field in the Slot Assignment field includes an STA-1 ID and an STA-3 ID, indicating that Slot0 is allocated for the STA-1 replying a response frame and Slot1 is allocated for the STA-3 replying a response frame.
[0179] The AMP Request frames shown in FIGS. 11 to 13 may be applied to the scheduled transmission process in FIG. 5.However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
[0180] Next, considering the AMP Reader, AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2 and AMP non-AP STA-4 shown in FIG. 1 as an example, a scheduled transmission of a long range backscattering scenario will be introduced with reference to FIG. 14. FIG. 14 shows another example of the slot based scheduled transmission in FIG. 4.
[0181] In the TXOP-1, the AMP Reader performs a transmission based on random access to collect the ID of each AMP non-AP STA. The detailed process may include as follows. The AMP Reader sends an AMP Poll frame (ECW = 3) to the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-2 to start a new random access session with four slots (Slot0, Slot1, Slot2 and Slot3) . Upon receiving the AMP Poll frame, the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-2 qualify to participate in the random access session based on an ID request carried in the AMP Poll frame. Then, each of the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-2 randomly picks an SC in a range [0, 7] . In FIG. 14, the AMP non-AP STA-1 picks an SC = 0, and the AMP non-AP STA-2 picks an SC = 2. After an SIFS of sending the AMP Poll frame, the AMP Reader sends an MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame to the AMP Carrier Source to instruct the AMP Carrier Source to send an Energizer PPDU carrying a CS in the TXOP-1. The AMP Carrier Source sends a CTS-to-self frame to the AMP Reader after an SIFS, and then sends an Energizer PPDU with the CS after an SIFS. The AMP non-AP STA-1 sends a response frame carrying the STA-1 ID to the AMP Reader in the Slot0 by using the CS, and the AMP non-AP STA-2 sends a response frame carrying the STA-2 ID to the AMP Reader in the Slot2 by using the CS. There is no response in the Slot1 and Slot3.
[0182] Next, in the TXOP-2, the AMP Reader performs scheduled transmission on the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-2. The TXOP-2 may be understood as another TXOP obtained by the AMP Reader for scheduled transmission. In the TXOP-2, the AMP Reader sends an AMP Request frame to the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-2. The AMP Request frame is a control PPDU for scheduling the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-2 to transmit uplink data, and the AMP Request frame carries the slots allocated by the AMP Reader for all the AMP non-AP STAs. In FIG. 14, the slot assigned to the AMP non-AP STA-1 is Slot0 and the slot assigned to the AMP non-AP STA-2 is Slot1. After an SIFS of sending the AMP Request frame, the AMP Reader sends an MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame to the AMP Carrier Source to instruct the AMP Carrier Source to send an Energizer PPDU carrying a CS in the TXOP-2. The AMP Carrier Source sends a CTS-to-self frame to the AMP Reader after an SIFS, and then sends an Energizer PPDU with the CS after an SIFS. Each of the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-2 performs backscattering using the CS and send an AMP Response frame in a respective slot. That is, the AMP non-AP STA-1 sends an AMP Response frame to the AMP Reader in the Slot0, and the AMP non-AP STA-2 sends an AMP Response frame to the AMP Reader in the Slot1. Thus, the scheduled transmission of the AMP non-AP STA-1 and AMP non-AP STA-2 by the AMP Reader is completed.
[0183] In order to achieve the scheduling shown in FIG. 14, instead of signaling the assigned slots using a list of STA IDs, the AMP Reader may assign slots based on the index of the slot used during a random access session.
[0184] Optionally, the second field includes: a field for indicating slot index list based assignment, another field for indicating a session ID, and yet another field for indicating a slot index list that carry the indices of the slots used by the AMP non-AP STA in a preceding random access session, so that the AMP non-AP STAs that successfully transmitted in a slot during the random access phase may transmit response based on the slot index list. In this way, the bit overhead of the AMP Request frame may be reduced.
[0185] The frame structure of the corresponding request frame in FIG. 14 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16. FIG. 15 shows a schematic diagram of a Slot Information field of another AMP Request frame provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 15, the Slot Information field (where the Assignment Type field is 1) includes the following fields:
[0186] (1) Slot Control field includes a "Number of Slots" field, "Slot Duration Present" field, "Slot Assignment Present" field, and "Slot Sync Info" field. The "Slot Sync Info" field includes a Slot SYNC Transmitted field and a Dynamic Slot field.
[0187] (2) Slot Duration field; and
[0188] (3) Slot Assignment field includes a Control field, Session ID field, Slot Index List field and Reserved field.
[0189] Further, the Control field includes an Assignment Type field, Session ID Present field and Reserved field. In FIG. 15, the value of the Assignment Type field is 1. The Session ID field is used to indicate a session ID, and its length may be 0 bit or 8 bits. The Slot Index List field is used to indicate a slot index list, and its length is (N + 1) × 6 bits. The Slot Index List field may include a Slot Index 1 field to a Slot Index N+1 field. Each field among the Slot Index 1 field to the Slot Index N+1 field is used to indicate a corresponding slot index, and a length of each field is 6 bits. The Slot Index 1 field corresponds to Slot0, and the Slot Index N+1 field corresponds to SlotN. The length of the Reserved field may be 0 bits, 2 bits, 4 bits, or 6 bits.
[0190] As for the meaning and length of each field in FIG. 15, reference can be made to the meaning and length of the same field in FIG. 12, and details will not be repeated here.
[0191] Compared with the Slot Information field shown in FIG. 12, since 6 bits are enough to signal slot indices, the Slot Index List field in FIG. 15 requires (N + 1) × 6 bits, while the STA ID List field in FIG. 12 requires (N + 1) × 16 bits, so that the Slot Information field shown in FIG. 15 requires less bits, which may reduce the bit overhead for the AMP Reader to send the AMP Request frame.
[0192] In the implementation shown in FIG. 14, a possible example of the Slot Information field in the AMP Request frame is shown in FIG. 16. In FIG. 16, the "Number of Slots" field is b0001 (1) , indicating that a quantity of slots is 2. The next 4 bits in the Slot Control field are set as b1100, indicating Duration Present = 1, Slot Assignment present = 1 and Slot Sync Info field = b00. The Slot Duration field is 128, indicating that the duration of each slot is 512 μs. The Control field of the Slot Assignment field is set as b01100000, indicating that Assignment Type is 1, Session ID Present = 1 and the Reserved field is all 0s. The Session ID field in the Slot Assignment field includes Session 0. The Slot Index List fields in the Slot Assignment field are b000000 (0) and b000010 (2) fields. The b000000 (0) field indicates that Slot0 is allocated to the STA that transmitted in the slot with slot index 0 in the preceding random access (Session 0) i.e., for the STA-1 to reply a response frame, and the b000010 (2) field indicates that Slot1 is allocated to the STA that transmitted in the slot with slot index 2 in the preceding random access (Session 0) i.e., for the STA-3 to reply a response frame.
[0193] If an AMP non-AP STA that receives the AMP Request frame had transmitted in the random access session indicated in the Session ID field of the AMP Request frame (if present) or an immediately preceding random access session (if the Session ID field is not present) finds that the Slot Assignment field carries the index of the slot that it had transmitted in the random access session, the STA transmits its response in the assigned slot. The assumption here is that the AMP non-AP STA retains the information of the random access session in which it had recently participated.
[0194] The frame structure of the AMP Response frame in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to FIGS. 17 to 19.
[0195] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the AMP Response frame may include a field (e.g., a Sub-Type field) for indicating a frame type of the response frame, and the frame type is a scheduled access response frame during triggered transmission or scheduled transmission, so that the STA may reply a response frame to the AP to ensure the stability of the communication performance.
[0196] The value of the above Sub-Type field varies. Table 4 shows the meaning of different values of the Sub-Type field. Table 4
[0197] As shown in Table 4, when the value of the Sub-Type field is 0, the response type of the response frame is a random access response, which is used for an AMP Response frame during random access transmission; when the value of the Sub-Type field is 1, the response type of the response frame is a scheduled access response, which is used for an AMP Response frame during triggered or scheduled transmission; and "2" or "3" is the reserved bit.
[0198] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the frame structure of the Frame Body field of the response frame may be the varaiant-2 shown in FIG. 9.
[0199] FIG. 17 shows a schematic diagram of an AMP Response Frame Body field for random access response provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. In FIG. 17, the value of the Sub-Type field is 0. The Short Sub-Type Control field includes: an EPC Present field, TID Present field, Available Energy Present field, Payload Size Present field, Energy Storage Capacity Present field, and Reserved field. The EPC Present field is used to indicate whether a product electronic code (EPC) field exists, and its length is 1 bit. The TID Present field is used to indicate whether a transmitter identifier (TID) field exists, and its length is 1 bit. The Available Energy Present field is used to indicate whether an Available Energy field exists, and its length is 1 bit. The Payload Size Present field is used to indicate whether a Payload Size field exists, and its length is 1 bit. The Energy Storage Capacity Present field is used to indicate whether an Energy Storage Capacity field exists, and its length is 1 bit. The length of the Reserved field is 1 bit.
[0200] The Type Dependent Payload field includes the following fields:
[0201] (1) an EPC field with a variable length, where the EPC field includes an ID Length field and an ID field, the ID Length field is used to indicate the length and its length is 8 bits, and the ID field is used to indicate a specific identity and its length is variable;
[0202] (2) an TID field with a variable length, where the TID field includes an ID Length field and an ID field, the length of the ID Length field is 8 bits, and the length of the ID field is variable;
[0203] (3) an Available Energy field used to indicate available energy information, which may be 0 bit or 4 bits in length;
[0204] (4) a Payload Size field used to indicate a size of the payload, which may be 0 bit or 4 bits in length;
[0205] (5) an Energy Storage Capacity field used to indicate an energy storage capacity, which may be 0 bit or 12 bits in length; and
[0206] (6) a Padding field used to indicate filling information, which may be 0 bit or 4 bits in length.
[0207] The AMP Response frame shown in FIG. 17 may be used in the scheduled transmission process in FIG. 5. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
[0208] FIG. 18 shows a schematic diagram of an AMP Response Frame Body field for scheduled access response provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. In FIG. 18, the value of the Sub-Type field is 1. The Short Sub-Type Control field includes: an Available Energy Present field, Payload Size Present field, Energy Storage Capacity Present field, and Reserved field. The length of the Reserved field is 3 bits. The Type Dependent Payload field includes an Available Energy field, Payload Size field, Energy Storage Capacity field, and Padding field. As for the meaning and length of each field in FIG. 18, reference can be made to the description of FIG. 17, which will not be repeated here.
[0209] The AMP Response frame shown in FIG. 18 may be used in the scheduled transmission process in FIG. 5. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
[0210] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the AMP Response frame may be replaced by an AMP Data frame. For example, the AMP Data frame is used to carry payload not defined by the 802.11 bp specification, e.g., sensor data or application-specific data. FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing a format of an AMP Data frame provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 19, the AMP Data frame may include a Frame Body field whose length is variable, and the Frame Body field may include a Payload field.
[0211] The present disclosure further provides another communication method. An AP schedules a first STA in a group of STAs through a first request frame, and sends a second request frame to schedule a second STA in the group of STAs, thereby reducing the overhead of the AP scheduling the STA for uplink transmission, and in turn improving the efficiency of data transmission between the AP and the STA and improving the communication performance. The communication method will be introduced in detail below.
[0212] FIG. 20 is a schematic flow diagram of a communication method provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 2000 may be applied to the network architecture shown in FIG. 1, where the AP in FIG. 20 is equivalent to the AMP Reader in FIG. 1, and each of the first STA and the second STA is equivalent to an AMP Tag in FIG. 1 (e.g., AMP Tag 1, AMP Tag 2 or AMP Tag 3) . Alternatively, the method 2000 may be applied to other network architectures, which will not be limited in the embodiments of the present disclosed. The communication method 2000 includes the following steps.
[0213] In S2001, the AP sends a first request frame to a group of STAs. Accordingly, a first STA and a second STA in the group of STAs receive the first request frame. The first request frame is used for triggering a scheduled transmission of the group of STAs, and the first request frame is used for scheduling the first STA in the first group of STAs for data transmission.
[0214] Optionally, the first request frame may be an AMP Request frame.
[0215] In S2002, the first STA sends a first response frame to the AP. Accordingly, the AP receives the first response frame from the first STA, and the first response frame is used for responding to the first request frame.
[0216] Optionally, the first response frame may be an AMP Response frame.
[0217] Optionally the first response frame includes a field for indicating a frame type of the first response frame, and the frame type is a scheduled access response frame during triggered transmission or scheduled transmission. As for the description of the response frame, reference can be made to the relevant contents of FIGS. 14 to 16, which will not be repeated here.
[0218] In S2003, the AP sends a second request frame to the second STA. Accordingly, the second STA receives the second request frame. The second request frame is used for scheduling the second STA in the group of STAs for data transmission.
[0219] Optionally, the second request frame may be an AMP Short frame. Compared with the AMP Request frame, the AMP Short frame carries less information, has a shorter frame structure, and requires less bits, thus saving bit overhead.
[0220] In S2004, the AP receives a second response frame from the second STA, and the second response frame is used for responding to the second request frame.
[0221] Optionally, the second response frame may be an AMP Response frame. The detailed frame structure of the second response frame is the same as that of the first response frame, which will not be repeated here.
[0222] In a case where the group of STAs further includes other STAs (such as a third STA) in addition to the first STA and the second STA, the AP may send a third request frame to the third STA after sending the second request frame, and the third request frame is used for scheduling the third STA in the group of STAs for data transmission.
[0223] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the AP schedules the first STA in the group of STAs through the first request frame, and sends the second request frame to schedule he second STA in the group of STAs, which reduces the overhead of the AP scheduling the STA for uplink transmission, and in turn improves the efficiency of data transmission between the AP and the STA and improves the communication performance.
[0224] As an example, an order of scheduling the first STA and the second STA may be determined by the AMP AP according to an order of a group ID or according to the requirements.
[0225] Optionally, the first request frame includes a first field for indicating a quantity of slots for transmission, and a second field (e.g., a Slot Assignment field) for indicating slots assigned to the STAs.
[0226] Optionally, the second field includes a field for indicating group or session based assignment, and another field for indicating an ID of the first STA in the group of STAs, which enables the AP to schedule STAs for data transmission based on the group or session based assignment.
[0227] Optionally, the second request frame includes a field for indicating an ID of the second STA in the group of STAs. Since the second request frame only carries the field indicating the ID of the second STA, the second request frame has a shorter frame structure and requires fewer bits, which may save bit overhead.
[0228] Considering an example in which the first request frame is an AMP Request frame, the second request frame is an AMP Short frame, and the first response frame and the second response frame are AMP Response frames, the communication flow and the frame structure in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be introduced.
[0229] FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram showing a communication process of each frame in a TXOP provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 21, the TXOP includes an AMP Request frame, an AMP Response frame responding to the AMP Request frame, an AMP Short frame, and an AMP Response frame responding to the AMP Short frame. The AMP Request frame includes a Filtering Condition field for indicating a filtering condition used to schedule an AMP non-AP STA, and an ID of the first scheduled AMP STA field for indicating the ID of the first STA that is scheduled to send immediately after the AMP Request frame (which is equivalent to the field for indicating the ID of the first STA) . The AMP Short frame includes an STA ID field for indicating the ID of the second STA.
[0230] Optionally, the filtering condition for scheduling the AMP non-AP STA may be a specified group ID or Session ID.
[0231] Optionally, the group ID or Session ID may be broadcast.
[0232] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, When an AMP non-AP STA receives a request frame for triggering a group of AMP non-AP STAs, if the AMP non-AP STA satisfies the specified filtering condition, then the AMP non-AP STA is prepared to send its response. In addition, if the ID carried in the request frame matches the ID of the AMP non-AP STA, then the AMP non-AP STA sends the response (i.e. the first response frame) . Then, the AMP AP may send an AMP Short frame carrying only the ID of the triggered AMP non-AP STA. The AMP Short frame satisfies the filtering condition specified in the AMP Request frame, then the AMP non-AP STA whose ID is indicated in the AMP Short frame sends its response (i.e., the second response frame) immediately after the AMP Short frame carrying its ID.
[0233] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the AMP AP may send an AMP Poll frame to a plurality of AMP non-AP STAs for scheduling a plurality of AMP non-AP STAs for random access, and send a request frame to each AMP non-AP STA for triggered data transmission.
[0234] In a possible implementation, scheduling is performed using transmission slots. Next, with reference to FIG. 22, a scheduled transmission scenario of active transmitter AMP non-AP STAs will be introduced by taking the AMP Reader and three active transmitter AMP non-AP STAs: AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2 and AMP non-AP STA-3 as an example. FIG. 22 shows an example of scheduled transmission using transmission slots in FIG. 21.
[0235] After the AMP Reader gains access to the wireless medium and obtains a TXOP, the AMP Reader performs scheduled transmission on the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2 and AMP non-AP STA-3. In the TXOP, the AMP Reader sends a CTS-to-self frame to protect the TXOP, and after an SIFS, the AMP Reader sends an AMP Request frame to the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2, and AMP non-AP STA-3. The AMP Request frame is a carried in a Control PPDU for scheduling the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2 and AMP non-AP STA-3 to transmit uplink data. The AMP Request frame carries the slots allocated by the AMP Reader for all the AMP non-AP STAs. In FIG. 22, the slot assigned to the AMP non-AP STA-1 is Slot0, the slot assigned to the AMP non-AP STA-2 is Slot1, and the slot assigned to the AMP non-AP STA-3 is Slot2. The AMP Request frame carries a Session ID field and an STA-1 ID field. The Session ID field may instruct that the request frame is sent for the AMP non-AP STAs that had responded in a recently concluded random access session whose session ID matches the session ID carried in the Session ID field, i.e., to the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2, and AMP non-AP STA-3. The STA-1 ID field may indicate that the AMP non-AP STA-1 sends a response frame to the AMP Reader in the first slot (Slot0) . After an SIFS, the AMP Reader sends a Short AMP frame to the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2, and AMP non-AP STA-3. The AMP Short frame is also carried in a control PPDU for scheduling one of the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2 and AMP non-AP STA-3 to transmit uplink data. The AMP Short frame carries an STA-2 ID field which may indicate that the AMP non-AP STA-2 sends a response frame to the AMP Reader in the second time slot (Slot1) . Similarly, after an SIFS, the AMP Reader sends another AMP Short frame. If the AMP Short frame carries an STA-3 ID field, then the AMP non-AP STA-3 sends a response frame to the AMP Reader in the third time slot (Slot2) . Thus, the scheduled transmission of the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2 and AMP non-AP STA-3 by the AMP Reader is completed.
[0236] Optionally, the first request frame further includes a third field (e.g., a Slot Duration field) for indicating duration of each slot.
[0237] Optionally, the first request frame further includes a fourth field for indicating existence of the second field. When the fourth field indicates that the second field exists, the slots assigned to the STAs may be determined. When the fourth field indicates that the second field is absent, it may indicate that the request frame is used for triggered transmission with a single STA.
[0238] Next, on the basis of the AMP frame described in FIGS. 6 to 9, the relevant contents of the first and second request frames will be introduced with reference to FIGS. 23 to 25.
[0239] FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a Slot Information field of yet another AMP Request frame provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 23, the Slot Information field (where the Assignment Type field is 2) includes the following fields:
[0240] (1) Slot Control field includes a "Number of Slots" field, "Slot Duration Present" field, "Slot Assignment Present" field, and "Slot Sync Info" field, where the "Slot Sync Info" field includes a Slot SYNC Transmitted field and a Dynamic Slot field;
[0241] (2) Slot Duration field; and
[0242] (3) Slot Assignment field includes a Control field, Session ID field and First STA ID field.
[0243] Further, the Control field includes an Assignment Type field, Session ID Present field and Reserved field. In FIG. 23, the value of the Assignment Type field is 2. The Session ID field is used to indicate a session ID, and when present, its length is 8 bits. The First STA ID field is used to indicate the ID of the first STA, and its length is 16 bits.
[0244] As for the meaning and length of each field in FIG. 23, reference can be made to the meaning and length of the same field in FIGS. 12 and 15, and details will not be repeated here.
[0245] In the implementation shown in FIG. 22, a possible example of the Slot Information field in the AMP Request frame is shown in FIG. 24. In FIG. 24, the "Number of Slots" field is b0001 (2) , indicating that a quantity of slots is 2. The next 4 bits are set as b0100, indicating Slot Duration Present = 0, Slot Assignment Present = 1 and Slot Sync Info =b00. The Slot Duration field is not present and the Control field of the Slot Assignment field is set as b10100000, i.e., Assignment Type = b10 = 2, Session ID Present = 1 and the Reserved field is set as all 0s. The Session ID field in the Slot Assignment field indicates that the session ID is 0. The first STA ID field in the Slot Assignment field indicates that the STA-1 ID Slot0 is used for the STA1 to reply a response frame.
[0246] It will be noted that, the Session ID field carries the session ID of a recently completed random access session. The field may be omitted to save signaling overhead if the random access session is expected to be obvious to the AMP non-AP STAs, for example if the random access session was in an immediately preceding TXOP. The First STA ID field may be set to the ID of the STA that is scheduled to be transmitted after the AMP Request frame.
[0247] Optionally, the second request frame includes a field for indicating the ID of the second STA.
[0248] FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of an AMP Short frame provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The AMP Short frame is a compact payload of an AMP frame. The AMP Short frame adopts the Frame Body field of the variant-1 shown in FIG. 9, and the Frame Control field of the AMP Short frame is different from other AMP frames. Referring to FIG. 25, the AMP Short frame includes: a MAC Header field, Frame Body field, and FCS field. The length of the MAC Header field may be 8 bits, 24 bits, 32 bits or 40 bits. The MAC Header field includes a Frame Control field, Transmitter ID field, and Receiver ID field.
[0249] Further, the Frame Control field may include a Frame Type field, Transmitter ID Present field, Receiver ID Present field, Session ID Present field, and Slot ID Present field. The Session ID Present field is used to indicate whether a Session ID field exists, and its length is 1 bit. The Slot ID present field is used to indicate whether a Slot ID field exists, and its length is 1 bit. The Frame Body field optionally includes a Session ID field and Slot ID field. The length of the Session ID field when present is 8 bits. The Slot ID field is used to indicate an ID of the slot, and when present its length is 8 bits.
[0250] In another possible implementation, scheduling is performed without using transmission slots. Next, with reference to FIG. 26, a scheduled transmission scenario of close range backscattering will be introduced by taking the AMP Reader, and three active transmitter AMP non-AP STAs: AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2 and AMP non-AP STA-3 as an example. FIG. 26 shows an example of scheduled transmission without using transmission slots in FIG. 21.
[0251] After the AMP Reader gains access to the wireless medium and obtains a TXOP, the AMP Reader performs scheduled transmission on the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2 and AMP non-AP STA-3. In the TXOP, the AMP Reader sends a CTS-to self frame to protect the TXOP, and after an SIFS, the AMP Reader sends an AMP Request frame to the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2, and AMP non-AP STA-3. The AMP Request frame is carried a control PPDU for scheduling the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2 and AMP non-AP STA-3 to transmit uplink data. The AMP Request frame carries a Session ID field and an STA-1 ID field. The Session ID field may instruct that the request frame is sent for the AMP non-AP STAs that had responded in a recently concluded random access session whose session ID matches the session ID carried in the Session ID field, i.e., to the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2, and AMP non-AP STA-3. The STA-1 ID field may indicate that the AMP non-AP STA-1 sends a response frame to the AMP Reader after receiving the request frame. After an SIFS, the AMP Reader sends an AMP Short frame to the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2, and AMP non-AP STA-3. The AMP Short frame is also carried in a control PPDU for scheduling one of the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2 and AMP non-AP STA-3 to transmit uplink data. The AMP short frame carries an STA-2 ID field which may indicate that the AMP non-AP STA-2 sends a response frame to the AMP Reader after receiving the AMP Short frame. Similarly, after an SIFS, the AMP Reader sends another AMP Short frame. If the AMP Short frame carries an STA-3 ID field, then the AMP non-AP STA-3 sends a response frame to the AMP Reader after receiving the AMP Short frame. Thus, the scheduled transmission of the AMP non-AP STA-1, AMP non-AP STA-2 and AMP non-AP STA-3 by the AMP Reader is completed.
[0252] FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of an AMP Request frame for scheduled transmission in a non-slot based scenario provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 27, the Frame Body field of the AMP Request frame includes: a Sub-Type field, Long Sub-Type Control field, and Type Dependent Payload field. The Short Sub-Type control field includes: a Response Control Present field, AMP Command Present field, Slot Info Present field (whose value is 0) , Schedule Info Present field, and Reserved field. The Schedule Info Present field is used to indicate whether a Schedule Info field exists, and its length is 1 bit. The lengths of the Response Control Present field, AMP Command Present field and Slot Info Present field are each 1 bit. The length of the Reserved field is 2 bits.
[0253] Further, the Type Dependent Payload field optionally includes: a Response Control field, AMP Command field, Slot Info field and Schedule Info field. The Schedule Info field is used to indicate Schedule Information, and when present its length is 16 bits, or 24 bits. The Response Control field includes a Response Type field and Reserved field. The Schedule Info field includes a Session ID field and First STA ID field.
[0254] In the various embodiments of the present disclosure, without special instructions and logical conflicts, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced to each other, and the technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.
[0255] It will be understood that, in order to achieve the above functions, the AP and STA each include corresponding hardware and / or software modules for implementing various functions. Those skilled persons in the art should easily realize that the embodiments of present disclosure can be implemented in the form of a hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software in combination with the units and algorithm steps described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraint conditions of the technical solution.
[0256] The communication methods provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 27. Next, the communication apparatus in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 28 and 29.
[0257] FIGS. 28 and 29 are structural diagrams of possible communication apparatuses provided in embodiments of the present disclosure. These communication apparatuses can be used to realize the functions of the AP or STA in the above method embodiments, and therefore can also achieve the beneficial effects of the above method embodiments. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the communication apparatus may be an AMP AP or an AMP non-AP STA as shown in FIG. 1.
[0258] As shown in FIG. 28, the communication apparatus 2800 includes a processing unit 2810 and a transceiving unit 2820. The communication apparatus 2800 is used to implement the functions of the AP or STA in the above method embodiments shown in FIG. 3 or 20.
[0259] When the communication apparatus 2800 is used to implement the functions of the AP in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the processing unit 2810 is used for determining a request frame for scheduling at least two STAs for data transmission, and the transceiving unit 2820 is used for sending the request frame to the at least two STAs.
[0260] Optionally, the request frame includes a first field for indicating a quantity of slots for transmission, and a second field for indicating slots assigned to the at least two STAs.
[0261] Optionally, the request frame further includes a third field for indicating duration of each slot.
[0262] Optionally, the second field includes a field for indicating STA ID list based assignment, and another field for indicating an STA ID list.
[0263] Optionally, the second field includes: a field for indicating slot index list based assignment, another field for indicating a session ID, and yet another field for indicating a slot index list.
[0264] Optionally, the request frame further includes a fourth field for indicating existence of the second field.
[0265] Optionally, the transceiving unit 2820 is further used for receiving, from at least one STA among the at least two STAs, a response frame for responding to the request frame.
[0266] Optionally, the response frame includes a field for indicating a frame type of the response frame, and the frame type is a scheduled access response frame during triggered transmission or scheduled transmission.
[0267] When the communication apparatus 2800 is used to implement the functions of the STA in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the transceiving unit 2820 is used for receiving, from an AP, a request frame for scheduling at least two STAs (e.g., at least the communication apparatus) for data transmission, and sending a response frame to the AP.
[0268] Optionally, the request frame includes a first field for indicating a quantity of slots for transmission, and a second field for indicating slots assigned to the at least two STAs.
[0269] Optionally, the request frame further includes a third field for indicating duration of each slot.
[0270] Optionally, the second field includes a field for indicating STA ID list based assignment, and another field for indicating an STA ID list.
[0271] Optionally, the second field includes a field for indicating slot index list based assignment, another field for indicating a session ID, and yet another field for indicating a slot index list.
[0272] Optionally, the request frame further includes a fourth field for indicating existence of the second field.
[0273] Optionally, the response frame includes a field for indicating a frame type of the response frame, and the frame type is a scheduled access response frame during triggered transmission or scheduled transmission.
[0274] When the communication apparatus 2800 is used to implement the functions of the AP in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 20: the transceiving unit 2820 is used for sending a first request frame; the first request frame is used for triggering a scheduled transmission of a group of STAs, and is further used for scheduling a first STA in the group of STAs for data transmission ; and the transceiving unit 2820 is further used for sending a second request frame for scheduling a second STA in the group of STAs for data transmission.
[0275] Optionally, the transceiving unit 2820 is further used for receiving, from the first STA, a first response frame for responding to the first request frame.
[0276] Optionally, the first response frame includes a field for indicating a frame type of the first response frame, and the frame type is a scheduled access response frame during triggered transmission or scheduled transmission.
[0277] Optionally, the transceiving unit 2820 is further used for receiving, from the second STA, a second response frame for responding to the second request frame.
[0278] Optionally, the first request frame includes a first field for indicating a quantity of slots for transmission, and a second field for indicating slots assigned to the group of STAs.
[0279] The first request frame further includes a third field for indicating duration of each slot.
[0280] Alternatively, the second field includes a field for indicating group or session based assignment, and another field for indicating an ID of the first STA.
[0281] Optionally, the second field further includes yet another field for indicating a session ID.
[0282] Optionally, the first request frame further includes a fourth field for indicating existence of the second field.
[0283] Optionally, the second request frame includes a field for indicating an ID of the second STA.
[0284] When the communication apparatus 2800 is used to implement the functions of the STA in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 20, the transceiving unit 2820 is used for receive a first request frame from the AP, the first request frame is used for triggering a scheduled transmission of a first group of communication apparatuses (e.g., STAs) , and the first request frame is further used for scheduling a first communication apparatus (e.g., a first STA) in the first group of communication apparatuses for data transmission. The transceiving unit 2820 is further used for sending a first response frame to the AP, and the first response frame is used for responding to the first request frame.
[0285] Optionally, the first response frame includes a field for indicating a frame type of the first response frame, and the frame type is a scheduled access response frame during triggered transmission or scheduled transmission.
[0286] Optionally, the first request frame includes a first field for indicating a quantity of slots for transmission, and a second field for indicating slots assigned to the STAs.
[0287] Optionally, the first request frame further includes a third field for indicating duration of each slot.
[0288] Optionally, the second field includes a field for indicating group or session based assignment, and another field for indicating an ID of the first STA.
[0289] Optionally, the second field further includes yet another field for indicating a session ID.
[0290] Optionally, the first request frame further includes a fourth field for indicating existence of the second field.
[0291] Optionally, the transceiver unit 2820 is further used for receiving, from the AP, a second request frame for scheduling a first communication apparatus (e.g., a first STA) in a second group of communication apparatuses (e.g., STAs) for data transmission, and the second request frame includes a field for indicating an ID of the first communication apparatus; and the transceiving unit 2820 is further used for sending a second response frame to the AP, and the second response frame is used for responding to the second request frame.
[0292] As for a detailed description of the above processing unit 2810 and the transceiving unit 2820, reference may be made to the relevant description in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 3 or 20.
[0293] As shown in FIG. 29, the communication apparatus 2900 includes a processor 2910 and an interface circuit 2920. The processor 2910 and the interface circuit 2920 are coupled to each other. It will be understood that the interface circuit 2920 may be a transceiver or an input / output interface. Optionally, the communication apparatus 2900 may further include a memory 2930 for storing instructions executed by the processor 2910, or storing input data required by the processor 2910 for executing the instructions, or storing data generated after the processor 2910 executing the instructions. In some examples, the interface circuit 2920 may be understood as part of the processor 2910, and thus the communication apparatus 2900 includes the processor 2910.
[0294] When the communication apparatus 2900 is used to implement the method shown in FIG. 3 or 20, the processor 2910 is used to implement the functions of the processing unit 2810, and the interface circuit 2920 is used to implement the functions of the transceiving unit 2820.
[0295] When the communication apparatus is a chip applied to the AP, the chip realizes the functions of the AP in the method embodiments. The chip receives information from the STA. It will be understood as that the information is first received by other modules (such as a radio frequency module or antenna) in the AP, and then sent to the chip by these modules. The chip sends the information to the STA. It will be understood that the information is first sent to other modules (such as a radio frequency module or antenna) in the AP, and then sent to the STA by these modules.
[0296] When the communication apparatus is a chip applied to the STA, the chip realizes the functions of the STA in the method embodiments. The chip receives information from the AP. It will be understood as that the information is first received by other modules (such as a radio frequency module or antenna) in the STA, and then sent to the chip by these modules. The chip sends the information to the AP. It will be understood that the information is first sent to other modules (such as a radio frequency module or antenna) in the STA, and then sent to the AP by these modules.
[0297] It will be understood that, the processor in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be a central processing unit, or may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, or any other programmable logic device, a transistor logic device, a hardware component or any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor.
[0298] The present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) . The computer-readable storage medium has instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the communication method corresponding to the AP or STA in any of the above embodiments.
[0299] The present disclosure further provides a computer program product carried on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program product stores a computer program (namely, codes or instructions) which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the communication method corresponding to the AP or STA in any of the above embodiments.
[0300] In the present disclosure, the terms "a" , "an" and "one" are defined to mean" at least one" , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0301] In the present disclosure, terms such as "substantially" , "generally" and "about" , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an exemplary embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of this exemplary embodiment for its intended application.
[0302] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms "connected" and "coupled" , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0303] In the present disclosure, expressions such as "match" , "matching" and "matched" , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only "exactly" or "identically" matching the two elements but also "substantially" , "approximately or" subjectively "matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0304] In the present disclosure, the expression "based on" is intended to mean "based at least partly on" , that is, this expression can mean "based solely on or" based partially on ", and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression "based on" could also be understood as meaning "depending on" , "representative of" , "indicative of" , "associated with" or similar expressions.
[0305] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " usually indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence A time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0306] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0307] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the computer or the processor of the another programmable data processing device generate an apparatus for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0308] The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0309] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or the another programmable device provide steps for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0310] It is clearly that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this application. This application is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A communication method, comprising:determining a request frame for scheduling at least two stations (STAs) for data transmission; andsending the request frame to the at least two STAs;wherein the request frame comprises: a first field for indicating a quantity of slots for transmission, and a second field for indicating slots assigned to the at least two STAs.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the request frame further comprises a third field for indicating duration of each slot.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the second field comprises: a field for indicating STA identification (ID) list based assignment, and another field for indicating an STA ID list.4.The method of claim 2, wherein the second field comprises: a field for indicating slot index list based assignment, another field for indicating a session identification (ID) , and yet another field for indicating a slot index list.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the request frame further comprises: a fourth field for indicating existence of the second field.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:receiving, from at least one STA among the at least two STAs, a response frame for responding to the request frame.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the response frame comprises a field for indicating a frame type of the response frame, and the frame type is a scheduled access response frame during triggered transmission or scheduled transmission.8.A communication method, comprising:receiving, from an access point (AP) , a request frame for scheduling at least two stations (STAs) for data transmission; andsending a response frame to the AP;wherein the request frame comprises: a first field for indicating a quantity of slots for transmission, and a second field for indicating slots assigned to the at least two STAs.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the request frame further comprises a third field for indicating duration of each slot.10.The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the second field comprises: a field for indicating STA identification (ID) list based assignment, and another field for indicating an STA ID list.11.The method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the second field comprises: a field for indicating slot index list based assignment, another field for indicating a session identification (ID) , and yet another field for indicating a slot index list.12.The method of any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the request frame further comprises: a fourth field for indicating existence of the second field.13.The method of any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the response frame comprises a field for indicating a frame type of the response frame, and the frame type is a scheduled access response frame during triggered transmission or scheduled transmission.14.A communication method, comprising:sending a first request frame, the first request frame being used for triggering a scheduled transmission of a group of stations (STAs) , and being further used for scheduling a first STA in the group of STAs for data transmission; andsending a second request frame for scheduling a second STA in the group of STAs for data transmission.15.The method of claim 14, wherein before sending the second request frame, the method further comprises:receiving, from the first STA, a first response frame for responding to the first request frame.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the first response frame comprises a field for indicating a frame type of the first response frame, and the frame type is a scheduled access response frame during triggered transmission or scheduled transmission.17.The method of any one of claims 14 to 16, further comprising:receiving, from the second STA, a second response frame for responding to the second request frame.18.The method of any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the first request frame comprises: a first field for indicating a quantity of slots for transmission, and a second field for indicating slots assigned to the group of STAs.19.The method of claim 18, wherein the first request frame further comprises a third field for indicating duration of each slot.20.The method of claim 18 or 19, wherein the second field comprises: a field for indicating group or session based assignment, and another field for indicating an identification (ID) of the first STA.21.The method of claim 20, wherein the second field further comprises yet another field for indicating a session ID.22.The method of any one of claims 18 to 21, wherein the first request frame further comprises a fourth field for indicating existence of the second field.23.The method of any one of claims 14 to 22, wherein the second request frame comprises a field for indicating an identification (ID) of the second STA.24.A communication method, comprising:receiving a first request frame from an access point (AP) , the first request frame being used for triggering a scheduled transmission of a first group of stations (STAs) , and being further used for scheduling a first STA in the first group of STAs for data transmission; andsending a first response frame to the AP.25.The method of claim 24, wherein the first response frame comprises a field for indicating a frame type of the first response frame, and the frame type is a scheduled access response frame during triggered transmission or scheduled transmission.26.The method of claim 24 or 25, wherein the first request frame comprises: a first field for indicating a quantity of slots for transmission, and a second field for indicating slots assigned to the STAs.27.The method of claim 26, wherein the first request frame further comprises a third field for indicating duration of each slot.28.The method of claim 26 or 27, wherein the second field comprises: a field for indicating group or session based assignment, and another field for indicating an identification (ID) of the first STA in the first group of STAs.29.The method of claim 28, wherein the second field further comprises yet another field for indicating a session ID.30.The method of any one of claims 26 to 29, wherein the first request frame further comprises a fourth field for indicating existence of the second field.31.The method of any one of claims 24 to 30, further comprising:receiving, from the AP, a second request frame for scheduling a first STA in a second group of STAs for data transmission, the second request frame comprising a field for indicating an ID the first STA in the second group of STAs; andsending a second response frame to the AP.32.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 31.33.A communication apparatus, comprising:a processor; andan interface circuit configured to receive signals from another communication apparatus and send the signals to the processor, or send signals from the processor to another communication apparatus;wherein the processor is configured to implement, through logic circuits or by executing instructions, the method of any one of claims 1 to 31.34.An apparatus, comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims of 1 to 31.35.A communication system, comprising a first communication apparatus and a second communication apparatus, whereinthe first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 7, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 8 to 13; orthe first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 14 to 23, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 24 to 31.36.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 31.37.A computer program product for storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 31.