Rat-dependent positioning in ntn
By providing ephemeris information of TRPs to UEs within NTN systems, the incomplete RAT-dependent positioning procedures are enhanced, ensuring accurate and robust positioning even in GNSS-unavailable scenarios.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-12
AI Technical Summary
Current 3GPP RAT-dependent positioning procedures for GNSS resilient operation in NTN are incomplete, particularly for UEs in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE states, where obtaining ephemeris information of mobile TRPs for positioning is unclear, affecting positioning accuracy and continuity.
Provide ephemeris information of a TRP for positioning to UEs, enabling RAT-dependent positioning procedures by incorporating this information into positioning or non-positioning configurations, such as SIBs or assistance data messages, and using triggers and conditions to manage ephemeris reception.
Enables accurate and continuous RAT-dependent positioning in NTN environments, reducing dependency on GNSS and enhancing operational robustness and efficiency by utilizing satellite TRP ephemeris information.
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Figure CN2025087312_12032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
RAT-DEPENDENT POSITIONING IN NTNTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to methods, apparatuses and computer-readable media for radio access technology (RAT) -dependent positioning in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) .BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] To improve robustness and operational continuity, satellite operators and vendors proposed to support global navigation satellite system (GNSS) resilient operation, i.e., reducing the dependency on GNSS for NTN. There is still divergence on the direction of enhancements for GNSS resilient operations: NTN-assisted positioning (e.g., support of multiple satellites positioning with PRS configuration) and / or GNSS-less (e.g., “position-less” ) NTN access. Currently, for the NTN-assisted positioning, the third generation partnership project (3GPP) RAT-dependent positioning procedures for GNSS resilient operation in NTN are still incomplete and need to be further developed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media that support RAT-dependent positioning in NTN. By providing ephemeris information of a positioning transmission and reception point (TRP) (i.e., a TRP for positioning) to UE as fundamental information for positioning calculation with satellite TRPs, RAT-dependent positioning in NTN may be carried out.
[0005] In one aspect, some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may comprise: receiving, via a transceiver, ephemeris information of a TRP for positioning; and performing a RAT-dependent positioning procedure based on the ephemeris information.
[0006] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, receiving the ephemeris information may be based on at least one of the following: the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in a positioning configuration; the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in a non-positioning configuration, and a first parameter associated to the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in the positioning configuration; or the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in the non-positioning configuration, and a second parameter of the positioning configuration is comprised in the non-positioning configuration.
[0007] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the positioning configuration may be comprised in at least one of the following: a positioning system information block (SIB) from a base station; or a positioning assistance data message from an apparatus for performing a location service function.
[0008] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the first parameter may indicate at least one of the following: a satellite or satellite identity; a cell or cell identity; a frequency or frequency identity; a location; a time value; a time duration; or a timing advance value.
[0009] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the second parameter may indicate at least one of the following: a positioning reference signal (PRS) resource or PRS resource identity; an index of positioning assistance data; an index of location information of the TRP; or an index of a beam for positioning.
[0010] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the ephemeris information may be associated with at least one of the following: a PRS resource or PRS resource identity; a cell or cell identity; a frequency or frequency identity; a location; a positioning method or type; positioning assistance data; information of the TRP; or information of a beam.
[0011] Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise receiving an indication of capability of providing the ephemeris information from a base station or an apparatus for performing a location service function by at least one of the following: receiving the indication of capability in a positioning SIB scheduling information in SIB1 from the base station; receiving the indication of capability in a positioning SIB from the base station; receiving the indication of capability in an assistance capability message for all positioning methods from the apparatus; receiving the indication of capability in an assistance capability message for a specific positioning method from the apparatus; or receiving the indication of capability in a positioning calculation assistance capability message from the apparatus.
[0012] Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise transmitting a request for providing the ephemeris information from a base station or an apparatus for performing a location service function by at least one of the following: transmitting the request to the base station in an on-demand system information (SI) request; transmitting the request to the base station in a dedicated signaling; transmitting the request to the apparatus in an assistance request message for all positioning methods; transmitting the request to the apparatus in an assistance request message for a specific positioning method; or transmitting the request to the apparatus in a positioning calculation assistance request message.
[0013] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, receiving the ephemeris information or performing the RAT-dependent positioning procedure may further comprise: in accordance with a determination that a first condition is fulfilled, receiving the ephemeris information or performing the RAT-dependent positioning procedure. The first condition may comprise at least one of the following: a first indication for triggering reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from an upper layer of the user equipment; a second indication for triggering the reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from a lower layer of the user equipment; a first timer for positioning information validity duration expires; uplink synchronization loss is approaching; uplink synchronization loss is triggered; a third indication for initiating the reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from a base station; or variation of a distance between the user equipment and a reference position is larger than or equal to a threshold.
[0014] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the first indication may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of GNSS positioning failure or invalidation; an indication of fallback from GNSS positioning to RAT-dependent positioning; an indication of positioning information expiry; or an indication of initiating the reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure.
[0015] Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise: in accordance with a determination that a second condition is fulfilled, stopping receiving the ephemeris information or performing the RAT-dependent positioning procedure. The second condition may comprise at least one of the following: a fourth indication for stopping reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from an upper layer of the user equipment; a fifth indication for stopping the reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from a lower layer of the user equipment; a second timer for RAT-dependent positioning execution duration expires; uplink synchronization is obtained; a sixth indication for terminating the reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from a base station; handover or conditional handover is executed; cell reselection is performed; or radio link failure is triggered.
[0016] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the fourth indication may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of GNSS positioning success or validation; an indication of return from RAT-dependent positioning to GNSS positioning; an indication of positioning information restored; or an indication of terminating the reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure.
[0017] Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise: in accordance with a determination that reception of the ephemeris information is triggered, performing an operation comprising at least one of the following: triggering acquiring for a SIB for uplink synchronization; starting or restarting a third timer for acquiring the SIB for uplink synchronization; starting or restarting a fourth timer for validity duration of the SIB for uplink synchronization after successful reception of the ephemeris information or successful operation of the RAT-dependent positioning procedure; in accordance with a determination that uplink synchronization loss occurs upon or during the reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure, indicating a medium access control (MAC) layer to not flush one or more buffers; or tolerating acquiring for the SIB for uplink synchronization until completion of the reception of the ephemeris information or until completion of the RAT-dependent positioning procedure without triggering uplink synchronization loss or radio link failure.
[0018] Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise: in accordance with a determination that the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is triggered, performing an operation comprising at least one of the following: triggering acquiring for a SIB for uplink synchronization; starting or restarting a third timer for acquiring the SIB for uplink synchronization; starting or restarting a fourth timer for validity duration of the SIB for uplink synchronization after successful reception of the ephemeris information or successful operation of the RAT-dependent positioning procedure; in accordance with a determination that uplink synchronization loss occurs upon or during the reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure, indicating a medium access control (MAC) layer to not flush one or more buffers; or tolerating acquiring for the SIB for uplink synchronization until completion of the reception of the ephemeris information or until completion of the RAT-dependent positioning procedure without triggering uplink synchronization loss or radio link failure.
[0019] In another aspect, some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may comprise: determining ephemeris information of a TRP for positioning; and transmitting ephemeris information to a user equipment via a transceiver.
[0020] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, transmitting the ephemeris information may be based on at least one of the following: the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in a positioning configuration comprised in a SIB; the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in a non-positioning configuration, and a first parameter associated to the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in the positioning configuration; or the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in the non-positioning configuration, and a second parameter of the positioning configuration is comprised in the non-positioning configuration.
[0021] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the first parameter may indicate at least one of the following: a satellite or satellite identity; a cell or cell identity; a frequency or frequency identity; a location; a time value; a time duration; or a timing advance value.
[0022] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the second parameter may indicate at least one of the following: a PRS resource or PRS resource identity; an index of positioning assistance data; an index of location information of the TRP; or an index of a beam for positioning.
[0023] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the ephemeris information may be associated with at least one of the following: a PRS resource or PRS resource identity; a cell or cell identity; a frequency or frequency identity; a location; a positioning method or type; positioning assistance data; information of the TRP; or information of a beam.
[0024] Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise transmitting an indication of capability of providing the ephemeris information to the user equipment by at least one of the following: transmitting the indication of capability in a positioning SIB scheduling information in SIB1; or transmitting the indication of capability in a positioning SIB.
[0025] Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise receiving a request for providing the ephemeris information from the user equipment by at least one of the following: receiving the request in an on-demand SI request; or receiving the request in a dedicated signaling.
[0026] In still another aspect, some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may comprise: determining ephemeris information of a TRP for positioning; and transmitting the ephemeris information to a user equipment via the transceiver.
[0027] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, transmitting the ephemeris information may be based on at least one of the following: the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in a positioning configuration comprised in a positioning assistance data message; the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in a non-positioning configuration, and a first parameter associated to the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in the positioning configuration; or the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in the non-positioning configuration, and a second parameter of the positioning configuration is comprised in the non-positioning configuration.
[0028] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the first parameter may indicate at least one of the following: a satellite or satellite identity; a cell or cell identity; a frequency or frequency identity; a location; a time value; a time duration; or a timing advance value.
[0029] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the second parameter may indicate at least one of the following: a PRS resource or PRS resource identity; an index of positioning assistance data; an index of location information of the TRP; or an index of a beam for positioning.
[0030] In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the ephemeris information may be associated with at least one of the following: a PRS resource or PRS resource identity; a cell or cell identity; a frequency or frequency identity; a location; a positioning method or type; positioning assistance data; information of the TRP; or information of a beam.
[0031] Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise transmitting an indication of capability of providing the ephemeris information to the user equipment by at least one of the following: transmitting the indication of capability in an assistance capability message for all positioning methods; transmitting the indication of capability in an assistance capability message for a specific positioning method; or transmitting the indication of capability in a positioning calculation assistance capability message.
[0032] Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise receiving a request for providing the ephemeris information from the user equipment by at least one of the following: receiving the request in an assistance request message for all positioning methods; receiving the request in an assistance request message for a specific positioning method; or receiving the request in a positioning calculation assistance request message.
[0033] In the context of the present disclosure, an apparatus may be implemented as a device or a part of the device. In some implementations, the apparatus may be implemented as a processor at the device.
[0034] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0035] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports RAT-dependent positioning in NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a process that supports RAT-dependent positioning in NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 3A illustrates a diagram of an example information element (IE) structure of a positioning SIB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 3B illustrates a diagram of an example IE structure of a positioning assistance data message in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device that supports RAT-dependent positioning in NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor that supports RAT-dependent positioning in NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIGs. 6 to 8 illustrate flowcharts of example methods that supports RAT-dependent positioning in NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0042] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0043] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0044] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. The term “embodiment” may be interchangeably used with “implementation” .
[0045] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of implementations. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0046] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to be limiting of example implementations. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0047] NTN refers to a network, or segment of networks using radio frequency (RF) resources on board a satellite or a high altitude platform station (HAPS) , providing 4G / 5G access using long term evolution (LTE) / new radio (NR) protocols. 3GPP Release 17 specifications have provided basic support of NTN features and in Release 18 and Release 19 some essential enhancements were specified or to be specified. Both Internet-of-Things (IoT) -NTN (4G) and NR-NTN (5G) specifications throughout Release 17 to Release 19 assume that UE uses its GNSS capabilities to estimate its position and ephemeris of a serving satellite to pre-compensate time and frequency shifts due to large propagation delay and satellite movement, which is a mandatory process for uplink synchronization in NTN.
[0048] While GNSS generally provides a highly accurate position and time reference, its vulnerability to jamming (leading to denial of service) and spoofing (leading to incorrect location reporting and potentially denial of service) present a significant risk. Meanwhile, GNSS handling may cause delays to the UE operation due to positioning acquisition time (e.g., for a GNSS “cold start” ) and additional energy consumption. As a result, NTN availability and efficiency are affected in cases when GNSS is unavailable or compromised.
[0049] To improve robustness and operational continuity, satellite operators and vendors has proposed to support GNSS resilient operation, i.e., reducing the dependency on GNSS for NTN. This may be achieved by air interface protocol enhancements in initial access without position information or by positioning protocol enhancements in GNSS-free positioning procedures. It has been proposed to consider at least a study on GNSS resilient operation for NR-NTN as part of Release 20.
[0050] There is still divergence on the direction of enhancements for GNSS resilient operations: NTN-assisted positioning (e.g., support of multiple satellites positioning with PRS configuration) and / or GNSS-less (e.g., “position-less” ) NTN access. The present disclosure focuses on NTN-assisted positioning, especially potential issues in 3GPP RAT-dependent positioning procedures for GNSS resilient operation in NTN.
[0051] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of RAT-dependent positioning in NTN. In one aspect, a UE may receive ephemeris information of a TRP for positioning, and perform a RAT-dependent positioning procedure based on the ephemeris information. In this way, RAT-dependent positioning in NTN may be carried out.
[0052] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0053] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports obtaining of a DL transmission in NES in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) . For convenience, network entities 102-1, 102-2 and 102-3 are shown and are collectively referred to as one or more network entities 102 hereinafter. The wireless communications system 100 may further include one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0054] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0055] A network entity 102 may provide one or more geographic coverage areas (also referred to as cells) for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within a geographic coverage area. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0056] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an IoT device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0057] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0058] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0059] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or TRPs.
[0060] As an example, the network entity 102-1 may provide a cell 112-1 and the network entity 102-2 may provide a cell 112-2. It is to be understood that each of the network entities 102-1 and 102-2 may provide more cells (not shown) .
[0061] In an example, the network entity may be a satellite, for example, the network entity 102-3. The network entity 102-3 may have full or part of an eNB / gNB on board. The communication link 110 between the network entity 102-3 and the UE 104, the communication link 116 between the network entity 102-3 and the network entity 102-2, and the communication link 116 between the network entity 102-2 and the core network 106 may be used for an NTN transparent mode. The communication link 110 between the satellite 102-3 and the UE 104, and the communication link 116 between the network entity 102-3 (e.g., with a base station on board) and the core network 106 may be used for a NTN regenerative mode.
[0062] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0063] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a TRP. One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0064] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, MAC) layer functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0065] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0066] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0067] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0068] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0069] As shown in FIG. 1, the wireless communications system 100 may further include an apparatus 109 for performing a location service function (for convenience, also referred to as a location service apparatus 109 herein) . The location service apparatus 109 may be implemented at the core network 106 or outside the core network 106. In some implementations, the location service apparatus 109 may be a location management function (LMF) . In some implementations, the location service apparatus 109 may be serving mobile location centre (SMLC) . In some implementations, the location service apparatus 109 may be enhanced serving mobile location centre (E-SMLC) . It is to be noted that the location service apparatus 109 may be named in any other ways, and the present disclosure does not limit this aspect. The location service apparatus 109 may communicate with the network entities 102, the UEs 104, or other devices in the wireless communications system 100.
[0070] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0071] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0072] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0073] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0074] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0075] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0076] 3GPP have supported several RAT-dependent positioning methods as in NR and LTE specifications, implemented by a LTE positioning protocol (LPP) , and NR positioning protocol A (NRPPa) and LTE positioning protocol A (LPPa) protocols in NR and LTE specifications. Some example RAT-dependent positioning methods are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1
[0077] Considering requirements of GNSS resilient operation in NTN (e.g., obtaining UE position when GNSS is not available) : - For UE in an RRC connected state (RRC_CONNECTED) , all the above positioning methods in Table 1 may be used; - For UE in an RRC idle state (RRC_IDLE) or RRC inactive state (RRC_INACTIVE) with UL synchronization (e.g., not performing initial access) , all the above positioning methods in Table 1 may be used, and UE may report positioning measurement result (s) for network-based positioning when UE transits to RRC_CONNECTED, and positioning result (s) may be calculated at UE or LMF; - For UE in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE without UL synchronization (e.g., when performing initial access or losing UL synchronization) , only the UE-based positioning method (i.e., DL-TDOA and / or DL-AoD) in Table 1 may be used, and positioning result (s) may be calculated at UE.
[0078] However, it is unclear how to perform RAT-dependent positioning in NTN. In one aspect, for UE in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE, how to obtain ephemeris information of satellite (s) as TRP (s) for positioning is unclear. When an NTN payload (satellite embarked with RF units or full or part of eNB / gNB units) is used as a TRP for UE positioning, at least for a UE-based positioning method, position information of the TRP is necessary at UE for calculating positioning result (s) , especially when the TRP is mobile and its position is continuously updated. Meanwhile, for a network-based positioning method, the position information of the TRP may also be necessary at UE for mitigating error or improving accuracy of positioning measurement result (s) e.g. caused by a large propagation delay between the UE and the TRP. However, from positioning singling point of view, there is no positioning IE to provide UE such ephemeris information for positioning, e.g., an IE SystemInformationBlockPos, an IE SIBpos, an IE AssistanceDataSIBelement, an IE trp-Location for DL-TDOA and DL-AoD, and RelativeLocation used in trp-Location in current specifications cannot provide ephemeris information.
[0079] Therefore, in addition to positioning configurations defined for a terrestrial network (TN) , the most important information from UE perspective is ephemeris of a NTN TRP so that UE can derive TRP position e.g. at the time when the corresponding positioning reference signal is transmitted, as propagation delay between UE and satellite TRP is not ignorable as that in TN, and such delay and satellite TRP movement during the delay causes calculation error for RAT-dependent positioning. The current NTN feature supports the following ways to provide satellite ephemeris information to UE in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE for UL synchronization, cell reselection, satellite switch with re-sync or discontinuous coverage prediction: - serving cell ephemeris (orbital parameters or position / velocity vectors) is provided in SIB19 / SIB31 for NR / LTE access; - neighbour cell ephemeris (orbital parameters or position / velocity vectors) is provided in SIB19 / SIB33 for NR / LTE access; - target satellite ephemeris (orbital parameters or position / velocity vectors) is provided in SIB19 for NR access; - mean ephemeris (Two Line Element (TLE) ephemeris parameters) is provided in SIB32 for LTE access.
[0080] Note that the existing ephemeris information provided is for communication purposes instead of positioning (i.e. the satellite of a cell for reselection may not be a TRP for positioning, or the positioning TRP (s) decided by LMF / SMLC / E-SMLC is not the same as the cell (s) decided by gNB / eNB for mobility) , and the neighbour cell ephemeris, target satellite ephemeris and mean ephemeris are optional serving dedicated purposes. For positioning with satellite as TRP in NTN, the following cases shall be considered: - ephemeris of a TRP for positioning is not provided in any of above SIBs (SIB19 for NR, or SIB31 / 32 / 33 for LTE) . In this case the positioning TRP ephemeris information needs to be provided in the positioning SIB; - ephemeris of a TRP for positioning is provided in at least one of above SIBs (SIB19 for NR, or SIB31 / 32 / 33 for LTE) . In this case the positioning TRP ephemeris information may not be provided repeatedly in the positioning SIB, while UE still needs to associate the ephemeris to the corresponding positioning SIB.
[0081] The obtaining procedure may be restricted to a time duration to avoid unnecessary attempt. If the obtaining procedure fails, a UL synchronization loss procedure may be triggered similar to ephemeris expiry.
[0082] In another aspect, for UE in RRC_CONNECTED, how to obtain ephemeris information of satellite (s) as TRP (s) for positioning is unclear. UE in RRC_CONNECTED has similar requirement for positioning TRP ephemeris information as that in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE, and the cases that positioning TRP ephemeris information provided in existing SIBs (SIB19 for NR, or SIB31 / 32 / 33 for LTE) or not are also to be considered.
[0083] Meanwhile for UE in RRC_CONNECTED, ways to provide positioning TRP ephemeris information not in existing SIBs or association between the ephemeris information not in existing SIBs and a positioning configuration (e.g., positioning SIB) may also consider options of dedicated signaling. The signaling details (in which message or IE positioning TRP ephemeris information is included) may also impact on a requesting procedures for dedicated signaling.
[0084] For example, if positioning TRP ephemeris information is provided as part of nr-TRP-LocationInfo, nr-PosCalcAssistanceSupport may be reused to indicate network capability of providing positioning TRP ephemeris information and an IE nr-PosCalcAssistanceRequest may be reused to request for providing positioning TRP ephemeris information, as well as network capability of providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information. If positioning TRP ephemeris information is provided as part of NR-PositionCalculationAssistance but not in nr-TRP-LocationInfo, new value of UE requesting for providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information shall be considered, as well as network capability of providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information. If positioning TRP ephemeris information is provided out of an IE NR-PositionCalculationAssistance, new mechanism of UE requesting for providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information shall be considered, as well as network capability of providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information.
[0085] In legacy positioning, location information transfer and delivery procedures are defined to enable a positioning server to request location measurement data and / or a location estimate from a UE, and to enable the UE to transfer location measurement data and / or a location estimate to the positioning server in the absence of a request.
[0086] For the RAT-dependent positioning in NTN, the positioning server at least needs the positioning TRP ephemeris information that is used for UE measurement in network-based positioning to calculate a positioning result, and it may also need the positioning TRP ephemeris information that is used for UE calculation in UE-based positioning to verify or correct the positioning result. However, in the current RequestLocationInformation and ProvideLocationInformation messages defined for these procedures, there is no support for ephemeris information transfer or delivery. Meanwhile if the positioning server is able to obtain the ephemeris information from eNB / gNB or operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) , UE may only need to provide association to the corresponding ephemeris (e.g., satellite ID, cell ID) instead of the whole ephemeris.
[0087] In another aspect, as an option for GNSS resilient operation, it is unclear when shall UE start or stop obtaining the ephemeris information of satellite (s) as TRP (s) , or when shall UE start or stop RAT-dependent positioning in NTN.
[0088] One of motivations to introduce RAT-dependent positioning in NTN is for GNSS resilient operation, i.e., to allow UE to determine its position when GNSS positioning is not supported or not reliable. For this purpose, the RAT-dependent positioning in NTN is not a mandatory operation at any time, and it is to be performed when UE position is needed and / or when GNSS positioning (or other RAT-independent positioning) is unavailable. Some start and stop conditions may be considered to guarantee that UE performs positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining or RAT-dependent positioning in NTN only when necessary, e.g. to start when UL synchronization is needed and the GNSS positioning is unavailable or fails, or to stop when UL synchronization is not needed (for example, handover (HO) or reselection to TN cell) or the GNSS positioning is available.
[0089] In another aspect, if positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining or RAT-dependent positioning in NTN is performed by UE, it is unclear how to handle the correspond UL synchronization procedures that may be impacted by the positioning operation.
[0090] To maintain UL synchronization in NTN, for NR access UE is required to reacquire SIB19 before serving cell ephemeris information expiry (T430 expiry) by implementation, while for LTE access UE in RRC_IDLE is required to reacquire SIB31 before serving cell ephemeris information expiry by implementation, and UE in RRC_CONNECTED triggers SIB31 re-acquiring upon serving cell ephemeris information expiry (T317 expiry) and is expected to complete before T318 expiry. These procedures were designed assuming that UE position is always available e.g. via GNSS.
[0091] If a positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is performed in NTN, the following cases may be considered: - For NR access, if the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is triggered before T430 expiry and the positioning TRP ephemeris information is not in SIB19, it is unclear whether to also trigger SIB19 acquiring e.g. based on the remaining validity duration of ephemeris; - For NR access, if the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is triggered before T430 expiry and the positioning TRP ephemeris information is (partly) in SIB19, it is unclear whether T430 is restarted after completion of the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining; - For LTE access, if the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is triggered before T317 expiry and the positioning TRP ephemeris information is not in SIB31, it is unclear whether to trigger SIB31 acquiring (start T318) e.g. based on the remaining validity duration of ephemeris; - For LTE access, if the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is triggered before T317 expiry and the positioning TRP ephemeris information is (partly) in SIB31, it is unclear whether to restart T317 after completion of the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining; - For LTE access, if the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is triggered after T317 expiry but before T318 expiry, and the positioning TRP ephemeris information is not in SIB31, it is unclear whether to restart T318 or use another timer for separate UL synchronization loss determining; - For LTE access, if the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is triggered after T317 expiry but before T318 expiry, and the positioning TRP ephemeris information is (partly) in SIB31, it is unclear whether to restart T318 or use another timer for separate UL synchronization loss determining; - For NR and LTE access, if the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is triggered before or upon uplink synchronization loss, it is unclear whether UE is tolerated to obtain synchronization, and corresponding MAC behavior is also unclear.
[0092] In general, the issue is whether in NTN the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining and ephemeris acquiring are designed separately or jointly, considering the same purpose of UL synchronization.
[0093] Meanwhile, if a RAT-dependent positioning is performed in NTN, the following cases may be considered: - For NR access, if the RAT-dependent positioning is triggered before T430 expiry, it is unclear whether SIB19 acquiring is tolerated until RAT-dependent positioning completion; - For LTE access, if the RAT-dependent positioning is triggered before T317 expiry, it is unclear whether to trigger SIB31 acquiring (start T318) e.g. based on the remaining validity duration of ephemeris; - For LTE access, if the RAT-dependent positioning is triggered after T317 expiry but before T318 expiry, it is unclear whether SIB31 acquiring is tolerated until RAT-dependent positioning completion; - For NR and LTE access, if the RAT-dependent positioning is triggered before or upon uplink synchronization loss, it is unclear whether UE is tolerated to obtain synchronization, and corresponding MAC behavior is also unclear.
[0094] In general, the issue is whether in NTN the RAT-dependent positioning can relax ephemeris acquiring, considering the UL synchronization loss is determined based on both results.
[0095] In view of the above, embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions of RAT-dependent positioning in NTN so as to overcome the above and other potential issues. The solutions will be described in details with reference to FIG. 2.
[0096] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a process 200 that supports RAT-dependent positioning in NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 200 may involve the UE 104, the network entity 102 and the location service apparatus 109 as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation.
[0097] As shown in FIG. 2, at step 210, the UE 104 may receive ephemeris information of a TRP for positioning (for convenience, also referred to as positioning TRP ephemeris information herein) . It is to be noted that the positioning TRP ephemeris information may comprise ephemeris information of one or more positioning TRPs. That is, the UE 104 may receive ephemeris information of one or more positioning TRPs.
[0098] In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may include at least the contents of an IE EphemerisInfo (position and velocity state vector in Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed (ECEF) or in format of orbital parameters in Earth-Centered Inertial (ECI) ) and optionally its epoch time (e.g., an IE epochTime) and validity duration (e.g., an IE ntn-UlSyncValidityDuration) in NTN configuration. It is to be noted that the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be configured in any other suitable forms, and the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0099] In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be associated with at least one of the following: a PRS resource or PRS resource identity (ID) ; a cell or cell ID; a frequency or frequency ID; a location; a positioning method or type; positioning assistance data; information of the positioning TRP; or information of a beam. In some implementations, the information of the positioning TRP may comprise a TRP parameter and / or a TRP ID. In some implementations, the information of the beam may comprise a beam parameter and / or a beam ID.
[0100] In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be provided to the UE 104 in a positioning configuration. That is, the positioning TRP ephemeris information is comprised in the positioning configuration.
[0101] In some implementations, as shown in step 211, the UE 104 may receive the positioning configuration from the network entity 102. In some implementations, the positioning configuration may be comprised in a positioning SIB (e.g., gNB / eNB to UE) . That is, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be comprised in the positioning SIB.
[0102] In some implementations, the UE 104 may receive an indication of capability of providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information from the network entity 102. In some implementations, the UE 104 may receive the indication of capability in a positioning SIB scheduling information in SIB1 from the network entity 102. In some implementations, the UE 104 may receive the indication of capability in the positioning SIB from the network entity 102. It is to be noted that the indication of capability may be optional.
[0103] In some implementations, the UE 104 may transmit, to the network entity 102, a request for providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information from the network entity 102. In some implementations, the UE 104 may transmit the request to the network entity 102 in an on-demand SI request. In some implementations, the UE 104 may transmit the request to the network entity 102 in a dedicated signaling. As a response to the request, the network entity 102 may transmit the positioning TRP ephemeris information to the UE 104. It is to be noted that the request may be optional.
[0104] In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be included in positioning system information SIBpos (for NR) / SystemInformationBlockPos (for LTE) from the network entity 102 to the UE 104. In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be associated to at least one PRS resource (PRS-ID) , cell (PCI / NCGI) , frequency (ARFCN) or location (referencePoint) . In some implementations, the UE 104 may request for the positioning TRP ephemeris information in SIBpos via on-demand-SI procedures. That is, a TRP ephemeris request may reuse on-demand-SI procedures for the positioning SIB. In some implementations, the network entity 102 may indicate its capability of providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information in SIBpos (for NR) / SystemInformationBlockPos (for LTE) via PosSI-SchedulingInfo in SIB1. That is, capability of providing TRP ephemeris may reuse PosSI-SchedulingInfo in SIB1. This solution may be applicable to all positioning methods indicated in Table 1.
[0105] One implementation example in 3GPP specifications is described as below.
[0106] In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be included in AssistanceDataSIBelement of positioning system information SIBpos (for NR) / SystemInformationBlockPos (for LTE) from the network entity 102 to the UE 104. In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be associated to at least one PRS resource (PRS-ID) , cell (PCI / NCGI) , frequency (ARFCN) , location (referencePoint) , a positioning method (posSibType) or a parameter of a positioning method (assistanceDataElement) . In some implementations, the UE 104 may request for the positioning TRP ephemeris information in SIBpos via on-demand-SI procedures. That is, a dedicated TRP ephemeris request may be introduced e.g., as part of on-demand-SI procedures. In some implementations, the network entity 102 may indicate its capability of providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information in assistanceDataSIBelement via an explicit indication in PosSI-SchedulingInfo in SIB1. That is, dedicated capability of providing TRP ephemeris may be introduced e.g. in PosSI-SchedulingInfo in SIB1. This solution may be applicable to selected positioning methods indicated (e.g. with corresponding posSibType or assistanceDataElement associated) .
[0107] One implementation example in 3GPP specifications is described as below.
[0108] In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be included in AssistanceDataElement, e.g., for a specific positioning method of AssistanceDataSIBelement of positioning system information SIBpos (for NR) / SystemInformationBlockPos (for LTE) from the network entity 102 to the UE 104. In some implementations, for all formats of AssistanceDataElement, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be associated to at least one PRS resource (PRS-ID) , cell (PCI / NCGI) , frequency (ARFCN) or location (referencePoint) . The positioning TRP ephemeris information may also be further associated to elements or parameters in different formats of AssistanceDataElement.
[0109] For example, if the AssistanceDataElement is NR-DL-PRS-AssistanceData for DL-TDOA, DL-AoD or Multi-RTT, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be associated to at least one NR-DL-PRS-AssistanceDataPerFreq or NR-DL-PRS-AssistanceDataPerTRP, or directly associated to at least one parameter in NR-DL-PRS-AssistanceDataPerFreq e.g. DL-PRS Resource (dl-PRS-ID) , cell (nr-PhysCellID or nr-CellGlobalID) or frequency (nr-ARFCN) .
[0110] For example, if the AssistanceDataElement is NR-On-Demand-DL-PRS-Configurations for On-demand DL-PRS Configurations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be associated to at least one NR-On-Demand-DL-PRS-Configuration, or directly associated to at least one parameter in NR-On-Demand-DL-PRS-Configuration e.g. DL-PRS Resource (nr-DL-PRS-Info) or configuration (dl-prs-configuration) .
[0111] For example, if the AssistanceDataElement is OTDOA-UE-Assisted for OTDOA, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be associated to at least one otdoa-ReferenceCellInfo or otdoa-NeighbourCellInfo, or directly associated to at least one parameter in otdoa-ReferenceCellInfo or otdoa-NeighbourCellInfo e.g. cell (physCellID or cellGlobalID) or frequency (earfcn) .
[0112] In some implementations, the UE 104 may request for the positioning TRP ephemeris information in SIBpos via on-demand-SI procedures. That is, a dedicated TRP ephemeris request may be introduced e.g., as part of on-demand-SI procedures. In some implementations, the network entity 102 may indicate its capability of providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information in AssistanceDataElement via an explicit indication in PosSI-SchedulingInfo in SIB1. That is, dedicated capability of providing TRP ephemeris may be introduced e.g. in PosSI-SchedulingInfo in SIB1. This solution may be applicable to selected positioning methods indicated (e.g. with corresponding assistanceDataElement being included) .
[0113] One implementation example in 3GPP specifications is described as below.
[0114] In general, an IE structure of the positioning SIB that can be used to include the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be summarized as shown in FIG. 3A which illustrates a diagram 300A of an example IE structure of a positioning SIB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Correspondingly, alternatives (Alt. ) of providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information in the positioning SIB may be summarized as in Table 2 below. Table 2
[0115] In some implementations, as shown in step 212, the UE 104 may receive the positioning configuration from the location service apparatus 109. In some implementations, the positioning configuration may be comprised in a positioning assistance data message (e.g., from the location service apparatus 109 to the UE 104) . That is, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be comprised in the positioning assistance data message.
[0116] In some implementations, the UE 104 may receive an indication of capability of providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information from the location service apparatus 109. In some implementations, the UE 104 may receive the indication of capability in an assistance capability message for all positioning methods from the location service apparatus 109. In some implementations, the UE 104 may receive the indication of capability in an assistance capability message for a specific positioning method from the location service apparatus 109. In some implementations, the UE 104 may receive the indication of capability in a positioning calculation assistance capability message from the location service apparatus 109. It is to be noted that the indication of capability may be optional.
[0117] In some implementations, the UE 104 may transmit, to the location service apparatus 109, a request for providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information from the location service apparatus 109. In some implementations, the UE 104 may transmit the request to the location service apparatus 109 in an assistance request message for all positioning methods. In some implementations, the UE 104 may transmit the request to the location service apparatus 109 in an assistance request message for a specific positioning method. In some implementations, the UE 104 may transmit the request to the location service apparatus 109 in a positioning calculation assistance request message. As a response to the request, the location service apparatus 109 may transmit the positioning TRP ephemeris information to the UE 104. It is to be noted that the request may be optional.
[0118] In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be included in positioning assistance data ProvideAssistanceData from the location service apparatus 109 to the UE 104. In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be associated to at least one PRS resource (PRS-ID) , cell (PCI / NCGI) , frequency (ARFCN) , location (referencePoint) or assistance data parameter of a specific positioning method (X-ProvideAssistanceData) , or directly associated to at least one parameter in X-ProvideAssistanceData. It is to be noted that X-ProvideAssistanceData includes commonIEsProvideAssistanceData, a-gnss-ProvideAssistanceData, otdoa-ProvideAssistanceData, epdu-Provide-Assistance-Data, sensor-ProvideAssistanceData, tbs-ProvideAssistanceData, wlan-ProvideAssistanceData, nr-Multi-RTT-ProvideAssistanceData, nr-DL-AoD-ProvideAssistanceData, nr-DL-TDOA-ProvideAssistanceData, bt-ProvideAssistanceData. In some implementations, the UE 104 may request for the positioning TRP ephemeris information in ProvideAssistanceData via an explicit indication in RequestAssistanceData. That is, a dedicated TRP ephemeris request may be introduced, e.g., in RequestAssistanceData. In some implementations, the location service apparatus 109 may indicate its capability of providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information in ProvideAssistanceData via an explicit indication in ProvideCapabilities. That is, dedicated capability of providing TRP ephemeris may be introduced e.g. in ProvideCapabilities. This solution may be applicable to all positioning methods indicated or to selected positioning methods X indicated (e.g. with corresponding X-ProvideAssistanceData associated) .
[0119] One implementation example in 3GPP specifications is described as below.
[0120] In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be included in assistance data of a specific positioning method (X-ProvideAssistanceData) from the location service apparatus 109 to the UE 104. In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be associated to at least one PRS resource (PRS-ID) , cell (PCI / NCGI) , frequency (ARFCN) , location (referencePoint) or assistance data parameter of a specific positioning method (X-ProvideAssistanceData) . In some implementations, the UE 104 may request for the positioning TRP ephemeris information in X-ProvideAssistanceData via an explicit indication in X-RequestAssistanceData. That is, a dedicated TRP ephemeris request may be introduced e.g., in X-RequestAssistanceData. In some implementations, the location service apparatus 109 may indicate its capability of providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information in X-ProvideAssistanceData via an explicit indication in X-ProvideCapabilities. That is, dedicated capability of providing TRP ephemeris may be introduced e.g. in X-ProvideCapabilities. This solution may be applicable to selected positioning methods X indicated (e.g. with corresponding X-ProvideAssistanceData being included) .
[0121] One implementation example in 3GPP specifications is described as below.
[0122] In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be included in position calculation assistance data of a specific positioning method (NR-PositionCalculationAssistance) from the location service apparatus 109 to the UE 104. In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be associated to at least one PRS resource (PRS-ID) , cell (PCI / NCGI) , frequency (ARFCN) , location (referencePoint) , TRP location information (nr-TRP-LocationInfoElement) (e.g., trp-LocationInfoElementIndex in nr-TRP-LocationInfo) , or PRS beam information (nr-DL-PRS-BeamInfoPerTRP) (e.g., nr-DL-PRS-BeamInfoPerTRPIndex in nr-DL-PRS-BeamInfo) . In some implementations, the UE 104 may request for the positioning TRP ephemeris information in NR-PositionCalculationAssistance via an explicit bit added in nr-PosCalcAssistanceRequest. In some implementations, the location service apparatus 109 may indicate its capability of providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information in NR-PositionCalculationAssistance via an explicit bit added in nr-PosCalcAssistanceSupport. That is, dedicated TRP ephemeris request and capability bits may be introduced in nr-PosCalcAssistanceRequest and nr-PosCalcAssistanceSupport. In some implementations, NR-PositionCalculationAssistance may be only supported for DL-TDOA and DL-AoD positioning. Other positioning methods that need to transfer positioning TRP ephemeris information may refer to this structure.
[0123] One implementation example in 3GPP specifications is described as below.
[0124] In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be included in TRP location information of a specific positioning method (nr-TRP-LocationInfo or nr-TRP-LocationInfoElement) from the location service apparatus 109 to the UE 104. In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be associated to at least one PRS resource (PRS-ID) , cell (PCI / NCGI) or frequency (ARFCN) in nr-TRP-LocationInfoElement (e.g., trp-LocationInfoElementIndex) , or to at least one location (referencePoint) in nr-TRP-LocationInfo, or to a DL-PRS Resource (dl-PRS-ID) , a cell (nr-PhysCellID or nr-CellGlobalID) , or a frequency (nr-ARFCN) included in nr-TRP-LocationInfoElement. In some implementations, the UE 104 may request for the positioning TRP ephemeris information in NR-PositionCalculationAssistance via bit 0 in nr-PosCalcAssistanceRequest. In some implementations, the location service apparatus 109 may indicate its capability of providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information in NR-PositionCalculationAssistance via bit 0 in nr-PosCalcAssistanceSupport. That is, as part of nr-TRP-LocationInfo, the bit 0 in nr-PosCalcAssistanceRequest may be reused to indicate whether positioning TRP ephemeris information is requested by the UE 104, and the bit 0 in nr-PosCalcAssistanceSupport may be used to indicate whether providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information is supported. In some implementations, nr-TRP-LocationInfo may be only supported for DL-TDOA and DL-AoD positioning. Other positioning methods that need to transfer positioning TRP ephemeris information may refer to this structure.
[0125] One implementation example in 3GPP specifications (in nr-TRP-LocationInfo) is described as below.
[0126] Another implementation example in 3GPP specifications (in nr-TRP-LocationInfoElement) is described as below.
[0127] In general, an IE structure of the positioning assistance data message that can be used to include the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be summarized as shown in FIG. 3B which illustrates a diagram 300B of an example IE structure of a positioning assistance data message in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Correspondingly, alternatives (Alt. ) of providing the positioning TRP ephemeris information in the positioning assistance data message may be summarized as in Table 3 below. Table 3
[0128] In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information may be associated to the positioning configuration. As shown in step 213, the UE 104 may receive a non-positioning configuration from the network entity 102. The positioning TRP ephemeris information may be comprised in the non-positioning configuration, and a pointer for the association may be comprised in the positioning configuration or the non-positioning configuration. In some implementations, the non-positioning configuration may be a NTN configuration. It is to be noted that any other suitable configurations other than the positioning configuration may also be feasible.
[0129] In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information is comprised in the non-positioning configuration, and a parameter (for convenience, also referred to as a first parameter herein) associated to the positioning TRP ephemeris information is comprised in the positioning configuration. The first parameter may serve as the pointer or associated parameter, and the first parameter may comprise at least one parameter. In other words, the at least one parameter associated to positioning TRP ephemeris information (pointer) is included in the positioning configuration (e.g., the positioning SIB or positioning assistance data message) .
[0130] In some implementations, the first parameter may indicate at least one of the following: a satellite or satellite identity (e.g., satellite ID satelliteId) ; a cell or cell identity (e.g., NTN cell identity physCellId) ; a frequency or frequency identity (e.g., a frequency of an NTN cell carrierFreq) ; a location (e.g., a reference location of an NTN cell) ; a time value or absolute time value (e.g., epoch time of ephemeris epochTime or cell stop serving time t-Service of an NTN cell, or satellite start serving time t-ServiceStart of a satellite) ; a time duration (e.g., a validity duration of ephemeris ntn-UlSyncValidityDuration of an NTN cell) ; or a timing advance (TA) value (e.g., a common TA ta-Common or a network compensated TA kmac of an NTN cell) .
[0131] It is to be noted that an IE structure of the positioning SIB or positioning assistance data message that can be used to include the first parameter (pointer) may be similar as that shown in FIGs. 3A and 3B, and the first parameter (pointer) may replace EphemerisInfo or ntn-Config.
[0132] In some implementations, the UE 104 may recognize the positioning TRP ephemeris information included in non-positioning configurations (e.g., SIB19 for NR access and SIB31 / 32 / 33 for LTE access) as for at least one positioning TRP, based on that the first parameter (pointer) is included both in non-positioning configurations and in positioning configurations (positioning SIB or positioning assistance data) .
[0133] One implementation example in 3GPP specifications is described as below.
[0134] In some implementations, the positioning TRP ephemeris information is comprised in the non-positioning configuration, and a parameter (for convenience, also referred to as a second parameter herein) of the positioning configuration is comprised in the non-positioning configuration. The second parameter may serve as the pointer or associated parameter, and may comprise at least one parameter. In other words, the at least one parameter of the positioning configuration (pointer) is included in the non-positioning configuration (for example, in the NTN configuration, e.g., SIB19 for NR access and / or SIB31 / 32 / 33 for LTE access) .
[0135] In some implementations, the second parameter may indicate at least one of the following: a PRS resource or PRS resource identity (e.g., DL-PRS resource (dl-PRS-ID, nr-DL-PRS-Info) ) ; an index of positioning assistance data (e.g., assistanceDataElementIndex, nr-DL-PRS-AssistanceDataPerFreqIndex, provideAssistanceDataIndex-rxy) ; an index of location information of the TRP (e.g., trp-LocationInfoElementIndex-rxy, trp-LocationInfoElementIndex-rxy) ; or other positioning index such as an index of a beam for positioning (e.g., nr-DL-PRS-BeamInfoPerTRPIndex) .
[0136] In some implementations, the UE 104 may recognize the positioning TRP ephemeris information included in non-positioning configurations (e.g., SIB19 for NR access and SIB31 / 32 / 33 for LTE access) as for at least one positioning TRP, based on that the second parameter of positioning configuration (pointer) is included both in positioning configurations and in non-positioning configurations (e.g., SIB19 for NR access and SIB31 / 32 / 33 for LTE access) .
[0137] One implementation example in 3GPP specifications is described as below.
[0138] As such, positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is achieved, and the UE 104 is allowed to be aware of the positioning TRP ephemeris information.
[0139] At step 220, the UE 104 may perform a RAT-dependent positioning procedure based on the positioning TRP ephemeris information. The RAT-dependent positioning procedure may be carried out in any suitable ways, and the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0140] Implementations of the present disclosure also provide start and stop conditions for the UE 104 to determine initiation and termination of the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining (i.e., reception of the positioning TRP ephemeris information) and / or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure (measurement) .
[0141] In some implementations, in accordance with a determination that a condition (for convenience, also referred to as a first condition herein) is fulfilled, the UE 104 may receive the positioning TRP ephemeris information and / or perform the RAT-dependent positioning procedure. That is, when the first condition is fulfilled, the UE 104 may perform the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining and / or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure as described in the steps 210 and 220.
[0142] In some implementations, the first condition may comprise that an indication (also referred to as a first indication herein) for triggering the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining and / or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from an upper layer (e.g., NAS or location service (LCS) layer) of the UE 104. In some implementations, the first indication may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of GNSS positioning failure or invalidation; an indication of fallback from GNSS positioning to RAT-dependent positioning; an indication of positioning information expiry; or an indication of initiating the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining and / or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure (e.g., an indication of initiating RAT-dependent positioning (measurement) may be received from the upper layer, for example, in case the upper layer receives a RAT-dependent positioning initiation indication from the location service apparatus 109) .
[0143] In some implementations, the first condition may comprise that an indication (also referred to as a second indication herein) for triggering the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining and / or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from a lower layer (e.g., MAC or physical (PHY) layer) of the UE 104. In some implementations, the second indication may be a MAC control element (CE) to initiate RAT-dependent positioning (measurement) . In some implementations, the second indication may be downlink control information (DCI) to initiate RAT-dependent positioning (measurement) .
[0144] In some implementations, the first condition may comprise some condition determined by a RRC layer. In some implementations, the first condition may comprise that a timer (also referred to as a first timer herein) for positioning information validity duration (e.g., similar to GNSS validity duration used for LTE) expires. The first timer is set to validity duration of current positioning information (RAT-dependent or any method) .
[0145] In some implementations, the first condition may comprise that uplink synchronization loss is approaching (e.g., before UE positioning information expiry, before T430 expiry for NR, or before T317 expiry for LTE) . In some implementations, the first condition may comprise that uplink synchronization loss is triggered (e.g. upon UE positioning information expiry, T430 expiry for NR, T317 expiry for LTE) .
[0146] In some implementations, the first condition may comprise that an indication (also referred to as a third indication herein) for initiating the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining and / or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from the network entity 102. For example, the third indication may be an explicit indication to initiate RAT-dependent positioning (measurement) .
[0147] In some implementations, the first condition may comprise that the UE 104 is away from current position. In some implementations, the first condition may comprise that variation of a distance between the UE 104 and a reference position is larger than or equal to a threshold. In some implementations, the first condition may comprise that variation of a reference signal measurement result of the UE 104 with respect to a reference position is larger than or equal to a threshold. For example, the reference signal measurement result may be reference signal received power (RSRP) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) , etc. For example, the first condition may comprise UE distance to previous position is changed beyond the threshold (e.g., judged by RSRP variation) .
[0148] It is to be noted that any combinations of the above first conditions may also be feasible. That is, the UE 104 may start / initiate the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining and / or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure (measurement) when at least one of the above first conditions is fulfilled.
[0149] In some implementations, in accordance with a determination that a condition (for convenience, also referred to as a second condition herein) is fulfilled, the UE 104 may stop receiving the positioning TRP ephemeris information and / or performing the RAT-dependent positioning procedure. That is, when the second condition is fulfilled, the UE 104 may stop the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining and / or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure in the steps 210 and 220.
[0150] In some implementations, the second condition may comprise that an indication (also referred to as a fourth indication herein) for stopping the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining and / or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from an upper layer (e.g., NAS or LCS layer) of the UE 104. In some implementations, the fourth indication may comprise an indication of GNSS positioning success or validation; an indication of return from RAT-dependent positioning to GNSS positioning; an indication of positioning information restored; or an indication of terminating the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining and / or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure (e.g., an indication of terminating RAT-dependent positioning (measurement) may be received from the upper layer, for example, in case the upper layer receives a RAT-dependent positioning termination indication from the location service apparatus 109) .
[0151] In some implementations, the second condition may comprise that an indication (also referred to as a fifth indication herein) for stopping the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining and / or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from a lower layer (e.g., MAC or PHY layer) of the UE 104. In some implementations, the fifth indication may be a MAC CE to terminate RAT-dependent positioning (measurement) . In some implementations, the fifth indication may be DCI to terminate RAT-dependent positioning (measurement) .
[0152] In some implementations, the second condition may comprise some condition determined by a RRC layer. In some implementations, the second condition may comprise that a timer (also referred to as a second timer herein) for positioning information validity duration (e.g., similar to GNSS validity duration used for LTE) restriction expires. The second timer is set to restrict validity duration of current positioning information (RAT-dependent or any method) .
[0153] In some implementations, the second condition may comprise that uplink synchronization is obtained or uplink synchronization obtaining is triggered.
[0154] In some implementations, the second condition may comprise that an indication (also referred to as a sixth indication herein) for terminating the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining and / or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from the network entity 102. For example, the sixth indication may be an explicit indication to terminate RAT-dependent positioning (measurement) .
[0155] In some implementations, the second condition may comprise that HO or conditional handover (CHO) is executed. In some implementations, the second condition may comprise that cell reselection is performed. In some implementations, the second condition may comprise that radio link failure (RLF) is triggered.
[0156] It is to be noted that any combinations of the above second conditions may also be feasible. That is, the UE 104 may stop / terminate the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining and / or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure (measurement) when at least one of the above second conditions is fulfilled.
[0157] Implementations of the present disclosure also provide a solution to enhance UL synchronization maintenance, loss and obtain procedures by considering the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining and / or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure.
[0158] In some implementations, as shown in step 230, in accordance with a determination that reception of the positioning TRP ephemeris information (i.e., the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining) is triggered, the UE 104 may perform an operation (for convenience, also referred to as a first operation herein) comprising at least one of the following: triggering acquiring for a SIB for uplink synchronization (e.g., SIB19 in NR or SIB31 in LTE) ; starting or restarting a timer (also referred to as a third timer herein) for acquiring the SIB for uplink synchronization (e.g., a new timer T318a or T318 for SIB31 in LTE) , e.g., when a pointer associated to the ephemeris in the SIB for uplink synchronization; starting or restarting a timer (also referred to as a fourth timer herein) for validity duration of the SIB for uplink synchronization (e.g., a new timer T430a / T317a or T430 for SIB19 in NR or T317 for SIB31 in LTE) after successful reception of the positioning TRP ephemeris information or successful operation of the RAT-dependent positioning procedure; in accordance with a determination that uplink synchronization loss occurs upon or during the reception of the positioning TRP ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure, indicating a MAC layer to not flush one or more buffers; or tolerating acquiring for the SIB for uplink synchronization (e.g., SIB19 in NR or SIB31 in LTE) until completion of the reception of the positioning TRP ephemeris information or until completion of the RAT-dependent positioning procedure without triggering uplink synchronization loss or RLF. Some example implementations will be described as below.
[0159] In some implementations, for NR access, if the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is triggered before T430 expiry and the positioning TRP ephemeris information is not in SIB19, SIB19 acquiring is also triggered.
[0160] In some implementations, for NR access, if the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is triggered before T430 expiry and the positioning TRP ephemeris information is (partly) in SIB19, T430 is restarted after completion of the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining.
[0161] In some implementations, for LTE access, if the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is triggered before T317 expiry and the positioning TRP ephemeris information is not in SIB31, SIB31 acquiring is also triggered, and T318 or a new timer T318a is started.
[0162] In some implementations, for LTE access, if the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is triggered before T317 expiry and the positioning TRP ephemeris information is (partly) in SIB31, T317 is restarted after completion of the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining.
[0163] In some implementations, for LTE access, if the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is triggered after T317 expiry but before T318 expiry, and the positioning TRP ephemeris information is not in SIB31, T318 is restarted or a new timer T318a is started.
[0164] In some implementations, for LTE access, if the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is triggered after T317 expiry but before T318 expiry, and the positioning TRP ephemeris information is (partly) in SIB31, T318 is restarted or a new timer T318a is started.
[0165] In some implementations, for NR and LTE access, if synchronization loss occurs during the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining, the UE 104 may indicate MAC the status (e.g., ongoing positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining) or reason (e.g., GNSS failure / invalidation) , and MAC may not flush buffer (s) or hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) buffer (s) (e.g., only suspends uplink transmission) similar to satellite switch with resynchronization.
[0166] As such, impact of the positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining is considered.
[0167] In some implementations, as shown in step 240, in accordance with a determination that the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is triggered, the UE 104 may perform an operation (for convenience, also referred to as a second operation herein) comprising at least one of the following: tolerating acquiring for a SIB for uplink synchronization (e.g., SIB19 in NR or SIB31 in LTE) until completion of the RAT-dependent positioning procedure or until completion of the reception of positioning TRP ephemeris information without triggering uplink synchronization loss or RLF; triggering the acquiring for the SIB for uplink synchronization (e.g., SIB19 in NR or SIB31 in LTE) ; starting or restarting the third timer for acquiring the SIB for uplink synchronization (e.g., a new timer T318a or T318 for SIB31 in LTE) ; starting or restarting the fourth timer for validity duration of the SIB for uplink synchronization (e.g., a new timer T430a / T317a or T430 for SIB19 in NR or T317 for SIB31 in LTE) after successful operation of the RAT-dependent positioning procedure or successful reception of the positioning TRP ephemeris information; or in accordance with a determination that uplink synchronization loss occurs upon or during the reception of the positioning TRP ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure, indicating a MAC layer to not flush one or more buffers. Some example implementations will be described as below.
[0168] In some implementations, for NR access, if RAT-dependent positioning is triggered before T430 expiry, SIB19 acquiring is tolerated until RAT-dependent positioning completion (T430 expiry does not trigger UL synchronization loss) .
[0169] In some implementations, for LTE access, if RAT-dependent positioning is triggered before T317 expiry, SIB31 acquiring is also triggered, and T318 or a new timer T318a is started.
[0170] In some implementations, for LTE access, if RAT-dependent positioning is triggered after T317 expiry but before T318 expiry, SIB19 acquiring is tolerated until RAT-dependent positioning completion (T317 expiry does not trigger UL synchronization loss, and T318 expiry does not trigger RLF) .
[0171] In some implementations, for NR and LTE access, if synchronization loss occurs during RAT-dependent positioning, indicate MAC the status (e.g., ongoing positioning TRP ephemeris information obtaining) or reason (e.g., GNSS failure / invalidation) , and MAC does not flush buffer (s) or HARQ buffer (s) (only suspends uplink transmission) similar to satellite switch with resynchronization.
[0172] As such, impact of the RAT-dependent positioning operation is considered.
[0173] In summary, the present disclosure aims to solve the issues of supporting GNSS resilient operation in NTN, focusing on the direction of RAT-dependent positioning enhancement for NTN to replace GNSS positioning when it is unavailable.
[0174] To adopt RAT-dependent positioning methods in NTN, solutions are firstly designed with several options to provide the positioning TRP ephemeris information (which is not supported in TN) to UE as fundamental information for positioning calculation with satellite TRPs, including positioning TRP ephemeris in positioning SIB, in positioning assistance data, and in NTN configurations with pointer for association.
[0175] Considering the purpose of alternative scheme for GNSS positioning, start and stop conditions for positioning TRP ephemeris obtaining and RAT-dependent positioning procedures are designed with association to GNSS operation status, uplink synchronization status, UE position validity and radio link changes.
[0176] Furthermore, the possible impacts of positioning TRP ephemeris obtaining and RAT-dependent positioning operations on uplink synchronization maintenance are considered, with uplink synchronization maintenance rules designed separately or jointly with the existing NTN schemes.
[0177] It is to be noted that the operations or steps or implementations described above may be carried out separately or in any suitable combinations.
[0178] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device 400 that supports RAT-dependent positioning in NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 400 may be an example of the UE 104, the network entity 102 or the location service apparatus 109 as described herein. The device 400 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 400 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 402, a memory 404, a transceiver 406, and, optionally, an I / O controller 408. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0179] The processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0180] In some implementations, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 402 and the memory 404 coupled with the processor 402 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 402, instructions stored in the memory 404) .
[0181] For example, the processor 402 may support wireless communication at the device 400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some implementations where the device 400 is used to implement the UE 104, the processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for: receiving ephemeris information of a TRP for positioning; and performing a RAT-dependent positioning procedure based on the ephemeris information. In some implementations where the device 400 is used to implement the network entity 102, the processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for: determining ephemeris information of a TRP for positioning; and transmitting ephemeris information to a user equipment. In some implementations where the device 400 is used to implement the location service apparatus 109, the processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for: determining ephemeris information of a TRP for positioning; and transmitting ephemeris information to a user equipment.
[0182] The processor 402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 402 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 402. The processor 402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 404) to cause the device 400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0183] The memory 404 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 402 cause the device 400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 402 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 404 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0184] The I / O controller 408 may manage input and output signals for the device 400. The I / O controller 408 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 400. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 406. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 400 via the I / O controller 408 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 408.
[0185] In some implementations, the device 400 may include a single antenna 410. However, in some other implementations, the device 400 may have more than one antenna 410 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 406 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 410, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 406 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 406 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 410 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 410. The transceiver 406 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0186] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 410 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0187] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 410 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0188] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor 500 that supports RAT-dependent positioning in NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 500 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may include a controller 502 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may optionally include at least one memory 504, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 506. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0189] The processor 500 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0190] The controller 502 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 502 may operate as a control unit of the processor 500, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 500. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0191] The controller 502 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 504 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 502 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 504. The controller 502 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 502 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 500. The controller 502 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 500.
[0192] The memory 504 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 500 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 504 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the memory 504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 500) .
[0193] The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 500, cause the processor 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 502 and / or the processor 500 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the processor 500 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 500 and / or the controller 502 may be coupled with or to the memory 504, and the processor 500, the controller 502, and the memory 504 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 500 may include multiple processors and the memory 504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0194] The one or more ALUs 506 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . One or more ALUs 506 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 506 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 506 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 506 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 506 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0195] The processor 500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some implementations where the processor 500 is implemented at the UE 104, the processor 500 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving ephemeris information of a TRP for positioning; and performing a RAT-dependent positioning procedure based on the ephemeris information. In some implementations where the processor 500 is implemented at the network entity 102, the processor 500 may be configured to operable to support a means for determining ephemeris information of a TRP for positioning; and transmitting ephemeris information to a user equipment. In some implementations where the processor 500 is implemented at the location service apparatus 109, the processor 500 may be configured to operable to support a means for determining ephemeris information of a TRP for positioning; and transmitting ephemeris information to a user equipment.
[0196] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 600 that supports RAT-dependent positioning in NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 600 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 600 may be performed by the UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0197] At block 610, the method 600 may include receiving ephemeris information of a TRP for positioning at a UE (e.g., the UE 104) . The operations of 610 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 610 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0198] At block 620, the method 600 may include performing a RAT-dependent positioning procedure based on the ephemeris information. The operations of 620 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 620 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0199] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of another method 700 that supports RAT-dependent positioning in NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be performed by the network entity 102 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0200] At block 710, the method 700 may include determining ephemeris information of a TRP for positioning at a base station (e.g., the network entity 102) . The operations of 710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0201] At block 720, the method 700 may include transmitting ephemeris information to a UE (e.g., the UE 104) . The operations of 720 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 720 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0202] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of another method 800 that supports RAT-dependent positioning in NTN in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by the location service apparatus 109 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0203] At block 810, the method 800 may include determining ephemeris information of a TRP for positioning at a location service apparatus (e.g., the location service apparatus 109) . The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0204] At block 820, the method 800 may include transmitting ephemeris information to a UE (e.g., the UE 104) . The operations of 820 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 820 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0205] It should be noted that implementations of the present disclosure which have been described with reference to FIGs. 1 to 3B are also applicable to the device 400, the processor 500 as well as the methods 600, 700 and 800.
[0206] It should also be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0207] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0208] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0209] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0210] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0211] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, via the transceiver, ephemeris information of a transmission and reception point (TRP) for positioning; andperform a radio access technology (RAT) -dependent positioning procedure based on the ephemeris information.2.The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to receive the ephemeris information based on at least one of the following:the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in a positioning configuration;the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in a non-positioning configuration, and a first parameter associated to the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in the positioning configuration; orthe ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in the non-positioning configuration, and a second parameter of the positioning configuration is comprised in the non-positioning configuration.3.The user equipment of claim 2, wherein the first parameter indicates at least one of the following:a satellite or satellite identity;a cell or cell identity;a frequency or frequency identity;a location;a time value;a time duration; ora timing advance value.4.The user equipment of claim 2, wherein the second parameter indicates at least one of the following:a positioning reference signal (PRS) resource or PRS resource identity;an index of positioning assistance data;an index of location information of the TRP; oran index of a beam for positioning.5.The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the ephemeris information is associated with at least one of the following:a positioning reference signal (PRS) resource or PRS resource identity;a cell or cell identity;a frequency or frequency identity;a location;a positioning method or type;positioning assistance data;information of the TRP; orinformation of a beam.6.The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to receive the ephemeris information or perform the RAT-dependent positioning procedure by:in accordance with a determination that a first condition is fulfilled, receiving the ephemeris information or performing the RAT-dependent positioning procedure, wherein the first condition comprises at least one of the following:a first indication for triggering reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from an upper layer of the user equipment;a second indication for triggering the reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from a lower layer of the user equipment;a first timer for positioning information validity duration expires;uplink synchronization loss is approaching;uplink synchronization loss is triggered;a third indication for initiating the reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from a base station; orvariation of a distance between the user equipment and a reference position is larger than or equal to a threshold.7.The user equipment of claim 6, wherein the first indication comprises at least one of the following:an indication of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning failure or invalidation;an indication of fallback from GNSS positioning to RAT-dependent positioning;an indication of positioning information expiry; oran indication of initiating the reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure.8.The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:in accordance with a determination that a second condition is fulfilled, stop receiving the ephemeris information or performing the RAT-dependent positioning procedure, the second condition comprising at least one of the following:a fourth indication for stopping reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from an upper layer of the user equipment;a fifth indication for stopping the reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from a lower layer of the user equipment;a second timer for RAT-dependent positioning execution duration expires;uplink synchronization is obtained;a sixth indication for terminating the reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is received from a base station;handover or conditional handover is executed;cell reselection is performed; orradio link failure is triggered.9.The user equipment of claim 8, wherein the fourth indication comprises at least one of the following:an indication of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning success or validation;an indication of return from RAT-dependent positioning to GNSS positioning;an indication of positioning information restored; oran indication of terminating the reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure.10.The user equipment of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:in accordance with a determination that reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure is triggered, perform an operation comprising at least one of the following:triggering acquiring for a system information block (SIB) for uplink synchronization;starting or restarting a third timer for acquiring the SIB for uplink synchronization;starting or restarting a fourth timer for validity duration of the SIB for uplink synchronization after successful reception of the ephemeris information or successful operation of the RAT-dependent positioning procedure;in accordance with a determination that uplink synchronization loss occurs upon or during the reception of the ephemeris information or the RAT-dependent positioning procedure, indicating a medium access control (MAC) layer to not flush one or more buffers; ortolerating acquiring for the SIB for uplink synchronization until completion of the reception of the ephemeris information or until completion of the RAT-dependent positioning procedure without triggering uplink synchronization loss or radio link failure.11.A base station, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:determine ephemeris information of a transmission and reception point (TRP) for positioning; andtransmit ephemeris information to a user equipment via the transceiver.12.The base station of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the ephemeris information based on at least one of the following:the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in a positioning configuration comprised in a positioning system information block (SIB) ;the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in a non-positioning configuration, and a first parameter associated to the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in the positioning configuration; orthe ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in the non-positioning configuration, and a second parameter of the positioning configuration is comprised in the non-positioning configuration.13.The base station of claim 12, wherein the first parameter indicates at least one of the following:a satellite or satellite identity;a cell or cell identity;a frequency or frequency identity;a location;a time value;a time duration; ora timing advance value.14.The base station of claim 12, wherein the second parameter indicates at least one of the following:a positioning reference signal (PRS) resource or PRS resource identity;an index of positioning assistance data;an index of location information of the TRP; oran index of a beam for positioning.15.The base station of claim 11, wherein the ephemeris information is associated with at least one of the following:a positioning reference signal (PRS) resource or PRS resource identity;a cell or cell identity;a frequency or frequency identity;a location;a positioning method or type;positioning assistance data;information of the TRP; orinformation of a beam.16.An apparatus for performing a location service function, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:determine ephemeris information of a transmission and reception point (TRP) for positioning; andtransmit the ephemeris information to a user equipment via the transceiver.17.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the ephemeris information based on at least one of the following:the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in a positioning configuration comprised in a positioning assistance data message;the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in a non-positioning configuration, and a first parameter associated to the ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in the positioning configuration; orthe ephemeris information of the TRP for positioning is comprised in the non-positioning configuration, and a second parameter of the positioning configuration is comprised in the non-positioning configuration.18.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first parameter indicates at least one of the following:a satellite or satellite identity;a cell or cell identity;a frequency or frequency identity;a location;a time value;a time duration; ora timing advance value.19.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the ephemeris information is associated with at least one of the following:a positioning reference signal (PRS) resource or PRS resource identity;a cell or cell identity;a frequency or frequency identity;a location;a positioning method or type;positioning assistance data;information of the TRP; orinformation of a beam.20.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:receive ephemeris information of a transmission and reception point (TRP) for positioning; andperform a radio access technology (RAT) -dependent positioning procedure based on the ephemeris information.
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