Scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay
By scheduling DL PDU sets based on DL delay, network nodes optimize transmission timing to improve latency management and ensure timely delivery, addressing the challenge of precise latency requirements in XR and cloud gaming applications.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in effectively scheduling downlink (DL) protocol data unit (PDU) sets to ensure timely delivery, particularly for applications like Extended Reality (XR) and cloud gaming, which require precise latency guarantees.
Network nodes schedule DL PDU sets based on DL delay by determining the sending time of the start PDU and using delay budgets to optimize transmission timing, enabling better latency management.
This approach ensures improved latency guarantees for DL PDU sets, enhancing the quality of service for applications like XR and cloud gaming by ensuring timely delivery of data units.
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Figure CN2025092207_12032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SCHEDULING OF DL PDU SET BASED ON DL DELAYTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to network nodes and methods supporting scheduling of downlink (DL) protocol data unit (PDU) set based on DL delay.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as UE, or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Extended Reality (XR) , including augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) , as well as cloud gaming (CG) , presents a new promising category of connected devices, applications, and services. A PDU set and PDU set quality of service (QoS) characteristics may be introduced for XR service.
[0004] A PDU Set is composed of one or more PDUs carrying the payload of one unit of information generated at the application level (e.g. a frame or video slice for XRM Services) . In some implementations, all PDUs in a PDU Set are needed by the application layer to use the corresponding unit of information. In other implementations, the application layer can still recover parts all or of the information unit, when some PDUs are missing.
[0005] To support PDU Set based QoS handling, a PDU session anchor (PSA) user plane function (UPF) identifies PDUs that belong to PDU Sets and determines the below PDU Set Information which it sends to the NG-RAN in a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunnel Protocol-User Plane (GTP-U) header. The PDU Set information is used by the NG-RAN for PDU Set handling as described above.
[0006] The PDU Set Information may comprise at least one of the following: PDU Set Sequence Number, Indication of End PDU of a PDU Set, PDU Sequence Number within a PDU Set, PDU Set Size in bytes or PDU Set Importance. The Indication of End PDU of the PDU Set indicates the complete transmission of the PDU Set of which is used for PDU set integration handling. The PDU Set Importance identifies the importance of a PDU Set within a QoS Flow.
[0007] One PDU Set QoS parameter which is referred to as PDU Set Integrated Handling Indication (PSIHI) may be provided to gNB. The PSIHI indicates that whether all PDUs are needed for the usage of the PDU Set by the application layer in the receiver side.SUMMARY
[0008] The present disclosure relates to network nodes and methods that support scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay. With the present disclosure, a first network node may schedule transmission of a PDU based on a DL delay between the first network node and a second network node. Thus, better latency guarantee may be achieved.
[0009] Some implementations of a first network node described herein may comprise: at least one memory and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first network node to: receive, via the transceiver from a second network node, DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set sent by the second network node to the first network node; and schedule transmission of a PDU in the PDU set based on the DL sending time of the start PDU.
[0010] In some implementations, the processor is configured to schedule transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU by: determining remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU, the receiving time of the PDU and a delay budget for the PDU set.
[0011] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: forward the PDU via the transceiver to a third network node; and transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU via the transceiver to the third network node.
[0012] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: forward the PDU via the transceiver to a third network node; and transmit, via the transceiver to the third network node, the remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU and DL sending time of the PDU.
[0013] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: forward the PDU via the transceiver to a third network node; and transmit, via the transceiver to the third network node, the remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU and the receiving time of the PDU.
[0014] In some implementations, the processor is configured to receive the DL sending time of the start PDU by: receiving, via the transceiver from the second network node, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU, wherein the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a first indication and a DL Sending Time Stamp field, the first indication indicates whether the DL Sending Time Stamp field indicates the DL sending time of the start PDU.
[0015] In some implementations, the processor is configured to receive the DL sending time of the start PDU by: receiving, via the transceiver from the second network node, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with one PDU in the PDU set, wherein the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a first indication and a DL Sending Time Stamp field, the first indication indicates whether the DL Sending Time Stamp field indicates the DL sending time of the start PDU.
[0016] In some implementations, the processor is configured to receive the DL sending time of the start PDU by: receiving, via the transceiver from the second network node, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU, wherein the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a second indication indicating whether the DL sending time of the start PDU is present in the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame; or receiving, via the transceiver from the second network node, a DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU, wherein the DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame comprises the second indication.
[0017] In some implementations, the processor is configured to receive the DL sending time of the start PDU by: receiving, via the transceiver from the second network node, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with a PDU in the PDU set, wherein the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a second indication indicating whether the DL sending time of the start PDU is present in the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame; or receiving, via the transceiver from the second network node, a DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame associated with a PDU in the PDU set, wherein the DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame comprises the second indication.
[0018] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit a configuration for measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow via the transceiver to a third network node.
[0019] In some implementations, the DL PDU set delay measurement configuration comprises at least one of the following: a third indication indicating whether to perform the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow, or a fourth indication indicating whether to start or stop the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow.
[0020] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive a fifth indication via the transceiver from the third network node, wherein the fifth indication indicates whether the third network node supports the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow; and based on determining that the fifth indication indicates that the third network node supports the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow, transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set via the transceiver to the third network node.
[0021] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive, via the transceiver from a fourth network node, the configuration for measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow.
[0022] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to transmit, via the transceiver to a fourth network node, at least one of the following: a sixth indication indicating whether to request or require the second network node to send the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow; or a seventh indication indicating whether to request or require the second network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow.
[0023] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to receive, via the transceiver from a third network node, at least one of the following: an eighth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to send the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow; or a ninth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow.
[0024] In some implementations, the first network node comprises a node hosting a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entity, and the third network node comprises a corresponding node.
[0025] Some implementations of a second network node described herein may comprise: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second network node to: receive, via the transceiver from a fourth network node, a configuration for transmitting DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set to a first network node; and transmit, via the transceiver to the first network node, the DL sending time of the start PDU based on the configuration.
[0026] In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU by: transmitting, via the transceiver to the first network node, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU, wherein the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a first indication and a DL Sending Time Stamp field, the first indication indicates whether the DL Sending Time Stamp field indicates the DL sending time of the start PDU.
[0027] In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU by: transmitting, via the transceiver to the first network node, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU, wherein the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a second indication indicating whether the DL sending time of the start PDU is present in the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame; or transmitting, via the transceiver to the first network node, a DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU, wherein the DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame comprises the second indication.
[0028] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit, via the transceiver to the first network node, a configuration for measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow.
[0029] Some implementations of a third network node described herein may comprise: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the third network node to: receive, via the transceiver from a first network node, DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set sent by a second network node to the first network node; receive a PDU in the PDU set via the transceiver from the first network node; and schedule transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU.
[0030] In some implementations, the processor is configured to schedule transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU by: determining remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU, receiving time of the PDU and a delay budget for the PDU set.
[0031] In some implementations, the processor is configured to receive the DL sending time of the start PDU by: receiving, via the transceiver from the first network node, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU, wherein the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a first indication and a DL Sending Time Stamp field, the first indication indicates whether the DL Sending Time Stamp field indicates the DL sending time of the start PDU.
[0032] In some implementations, the processor is configured to receive the DL sending time of the start PDU by: receiving, via the transceiver from the first network node, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with a PDU in the PDU set, wherein the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a first indication and a DL Sending Time Stamp field, the first indication indicates whether the DL Sending Time Stamp field indicates the DL sending time of the start PDU.
[0033] In some implementations, the processor is configured to receive the DL sending time of the start PDU by: receiving, via the transceiver from the first network node, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU, wherein the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a second indication indicating whether the DL sending time of the start PDU is present in the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame; or receiving, via the transceiver from the second network node, a DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU, wherein the DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame comprises the second indication.
[0034] In some implementations, the processor is configured to receive the DL sending time of the start PDU by: receiving, via the transceiver from the first network node, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with a PDU in the PDU set, wherein the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a second indication indicating whether the DL sending time of the start PDU is present in the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame; or receiving, via the transceiver from the second network node, a DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame associated with a PDU in the PDU set, wherein the DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame comprises the second indication.
[0035] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive a configuration for measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow via the transceiver from the first network node.
[0036] In some implementations, the configuration for measurement of the DL PDU set delay comprises at least one of the following: a third indication indicating whether to perform the measurement of the DL PDU set delay or whether to schedule a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow, or a fourth indication indicating whether to start or stop the measurement of the DL PDU set delay or whether to start or stop scheduling transmission for a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow.
[0037] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit a fifth indication via the transceiver to the first network node, wherein the fifth indication indicates whether the third network node supports the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow or supports scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set.
[0038] In some implementations, the first network node comprises a node hosting a PDCP entity, and the third network node comprises a corresponding node.
[0039] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to transmit , via the transceiver to the first network node, at least one of the following: an eighth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to send the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set or whether to request or require scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow; or a ninth indication indicating whether request or require the first network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set or whether to start or stop scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow.
[0040] Some implementations of a third network node described herein may comprise: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the third network node to: receive a HANDOVER REQUEST message via the transceiver from a fourth network node; and transmit a HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message via the transceiver to the fourth network node, wherein the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message comprises at least one of the following: a fifth indication indicating whether the third network node supports measurement of a DL PDU set delay or supports scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set for a QoS flow; an eighth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to send the DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set or request or require scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow; or a ninth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set or whether to start or stop scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow.
[0041] In the present disclosure, “supports measurement of a DL PDU set delay” may be replaced by “supports scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set” . In the present disclosure, “request or require sending the DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set” may be replaced by “request or require scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set” . In the present disclosure, “start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set” may be replaced by “start or stop scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set” .
[0042] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive, via the transceiver from a second network node, DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set sent by the second network node; receive a PDU in the PDU set via the transceiver from the second network node; and determine remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU, receiving time of the PDU and a delay budget for the PDU set.
[0043] Some implementations of a fourth network node described herein may comprise: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the fourth network node to: transmit a HANDOVER REQUEST message via the transceiver to a third network node; and receive a HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message via the transceiver from the third network node, wherein the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message comprises at least one of: a fifth indication indicating whether the third network node supports measurement of a DL PDU set delay or scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set for a QoS flow; an eighth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to send DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set or scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow; or a ninth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set or whether to start or stop scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow.
[0044] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit, via the transceiver to a second network node, a configuration for transmitting DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set to the third network node.
[0045] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: receiving, from a second network node, DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set sent by the second network node to the first network node; and scheduling transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU.
[0046] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: receiving, from a fourth network node, a configuration for transmitting DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set to a first network node; and transmitting, to the first network node, the DL sending time of the start PDU based on the configuration.
[0047] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: receiving, from a first network node, DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set sent by a second network node to the first network node; receiving a PDU in the PDU set from the first network node; and scheduling transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU.
[0048] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: receiving a HANDOVER REQUEST message from a fourth network node; and transmitting a HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message to the fourth network node, wherein the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message comprises at least one of the following: a fifth indication indicating whether the third network node supports measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow; an eighth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to send the DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set for the QoS flow; or a ninth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow.
[0049] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: transmitting a HANDOVER REQUEST message to a third network node; and receiving a HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message from the third network node, wherein the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message comprises at least one of:a fifth indication indicating whether the third network node supports measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow; an eighth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to send DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set for the QoS flow; or a ninth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow.
[0050] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0051] Fig. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0052] Fig. 1B illustrates an example of a packet delay budget (PDB) or a PDU set delay budget (PSDB) ;
[0053] Figs. 2A and 2B illustrate an example of a wireless communications system that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0054] Fig. 3 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0055] Fig. 4 illustrates an example of transmission of the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0056] Fig. 5A illustrates an example of a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0057] Fig. 5B illustrates another example of a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0058] Fig. 5C illustrates another example of a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0059] Fig. 5D illustrates an example of a DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure;
[0060] Fig. 5E illustrates an example of DL transmission of a PDU set in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0061] Fig. 6 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0062] Fig. 7 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0063] Fig. 8 illustrates an example of a device that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0064] Figs. 9 to 13 illustrate a flowchart of a method that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0065] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described less than or equal to.
[0066] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0067] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0068] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0069] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0070] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0071] Fig. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one at least one of network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more terminal devices or UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0072] The network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station (BS) , a network element, a radio access network (RAN) node, a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface. The network entities 102 may be collectively referred to as network entities 102 or individually referred to as a network entity 102. Hereinafter, some implementations of the present disclosure will be described by taking a RAN node as an example of the network entity 102. Thus, the network entity 102 may be used interchangeably with the RAN node 102. For example, the RAN nodes 102 may comprise a RAN node 102-1 and a RAN node 102-2, as shown in Fig. 1A.
[0073] In some implementations, the RAN node 102 may support dual connectivity (DC) operation. For example, the RAN node 102-1 may act as a master RAN node and the RAN node 102-2 may act as a secondary RAN node. Hereinafter, for brevity, a master RAN node is also referred to as a master node (MN) and a secondary RAN node is also referred to as a secondary node (SN) .
[0074] In some implementations, in NR-DC, a radio bearer may be served by both MN and SN. For example, for a split bearer, a PDU set can be transmitted to the UE 104 by both master cell group (MCG) and secondary cell group (SCG) .
[0075] In some implementations, MCG may be a group of serving cells associated with the Master RAN Node, comprising a Special Cell (SpCell) which is known as a Primary Cell (PCell) and optionally one or more Secondary Cells (SCells) .
[0076] In some implementations, for the UE 104 configured with dual connectivity, SCG may be a subset of serving cells comprising a Primary Secondary Cell (PSCell) and zero or more SCells.
[0077] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0078] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an internet-of-things (IoT) device, an internet-of-everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0079] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in Fig. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in Fig. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0080] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0081] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0082] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) (e.g., a near-real time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a non-real time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a service management and orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0083] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0084] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0085] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0086] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0087] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) , Session Management functions (SMF) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a UPF) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0088] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0089] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0090] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0091] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0092] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0093] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (510 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0094] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0095] Fig. 1B illustrates an example of a packet delay budget (PDB) or a PDU set delay budget (PSDB) . As shown in Fig. 1B, a RAN node may determine a PDB on Uu interface between the RAN node and a UE based on a PDB and a PDB between a UPF and the RAN node. The PDB on Uu interface is represented by “Uu PDB” , and the PDB between a UPF and the RAN node is represented by “CN PDB” . For example, the RAN node may determine the Uu PDB based on the following: Uu PDB = PDB -CN PDB.
[0096] Similarly, the RAN node may determine a PSDB on Uu interface between the RAN node and a UE based on a PSDB and a PDB between a UPF and the RAN node. The PSDB on Uu interface is represented by “Uu PSDB” . For example, the RAN node may determine the Uu PSDB based on the following: Uu PSDB = PSDB -CN PDB. Alternatively, the RAN node may determine a PDB on Uu interface between the RAN node and a UE based on a PSDB and a PDB between a UPF and the RAN node for a DPU in a PDU set. The PDB on Uu interface is represented by “Uu PDB” . For example, the RAN node may determine the Uu PSDB based on the following: Uu PDB = PSDB -CN PDB.
[0097] Since fixed Uu PDB or Uu PSDB is used for scheduling transmission regardless of dynamic N3 delay (i.e., DL delay between the UPF and the RAN node) or N3 plus Xn delay (i.e., DL delay between UPF and node hosting PDCP entity and corresponding node) , it cannot help the RAN node to schedule based on real PDB or PSDB. For split DRB, since fixed Uu PDB or Uu PSDB is used for scheduling transmission regardless of dynamic N3 delay and dynamic Xn delay (i.e., DL delay between UPF and node hosting PDCP entity and corresponding node) , it cannot help the RAN node to schedule based on real PDB or PSDB.
[0098] In view of the above, the present disclosure provides a solution that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay. In this solution, a first network node receives, from a second network node, DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set sent by the second network node to the first network node. In turn, the first network node schedules transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU. With this solution, the first network node may schedule transmission of a PDU based on a DL delay between the first network node and the second network node. Thus, better latency guarantee may be achieved.
[0099] Fig. 2A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 200A that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 2A, the wireless communications system 200A may comprise a first network node 210, a second network node 220 and a third network node 230.
[0100] In some implementations, each of the first network node 210 and the third network node 230 may be implemented as one of the following: a gNB, a base station, a network element, a RAN node, a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, or an eNB. For example, the first network node 210 and the third network node 230 may be implemented as the RAN node 102-1 and the RAN node 102-2 in Fig. 1A, respectively.
[0101] In some implementations, the UE 104 may be in dual connection (DC) with the first network node 210 and the third network node 230. In such implementations, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a node hosting PDCP entity, and the third network node 230 may be implemented as a peer node (also referred to as a corresponding node) . In other words, a PDCP entity of a DRB may be terminated in the first network node 210, and the lower layers functionalities of the DRB are served by the third network node 230 or the lower layers functionalities of the DRB are served by both the first network node 210 and the third network node 230. The lower layers of the DRB may comprise an RLC entity of the DRB, a MAC entity of the DRB and physical layer of the DRB. Alternatively, the third network node 230 may be implemented as a node hosting PDCP entity, and the first network node 210 may be implemented as a peer node.
[0102] In some implementations, the node hosting PDCP entity may be an MN, and the peer node may be an SN. For example, for MN terminated split bearer, the node hosting PDCP entity is MN while the peer node is SN.
[0103] Alternatively, in some implementations, the node hosting PDCP entity may be an SN and the peer node may be an MN. For example, for SN terminated split bearer, the node hosting PDCP entity is SN while the peer node is MN.
[0104] Alternatively, in some implementations, the UE 104 may be only connected with the first network node 210. For example, for MN terminated bearer, the node hosting PDCP entity is MN, and there is no peer node. For example, for SN terminated bearer, the node hosting PDCP entity is SN, and there is no peer node.
[0105] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first network node 210 and the third network node 230 may be collectively implemented as the network entity 102 in Fig. 1A. In such implementations, the first network node 210 and the third network node 230 may be collectively implemented as a gNB. For example, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a gNB-CU, and the third network node 230 may be implemented as a gNB-DU. The gNB-CU and the gNB-DU may be connected via F1 interface. In such implementations, the node hosting PDCP entity may be a gNB-CU having a PDCP entity of a DRB, and the peer node may be a gNB-DU having RLC, MAC entities of the DRB and physical layer related function of the DRB.
[0106] In some implementations, the gNB-CU may be a logical node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of the gNB or RRC and PDCP protocols of the en-gNB that controls the operation of one or more gNB-DUs. The gNB-CU terminates the F1 interface connected with the gNB-DU.
[0107] In some implementations, the gNB-DU may be a logical node hosting RLC, MAC and PHY protocols of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partly controlled by gNB-CU. One gNB-DU supports one or multiple cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates the F1 interface connected with the gNB-CU.
[0108] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may be implemented as a node in the core network 106. For example, the second network node 220 may be implemented as a UPF.
[0109] Fig. 2B illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 200B that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 200B is different from the wireless communications system 200A in that the wireless communications system 200B may further comprise a fourth network node 240.
[0110] In some implementations, the fourth network node 240 may be implemented as a node in the core network 106. For example, the fourth network node 240 may be implemented as an AMF or SMF.
[0111] Fig. 3 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 300 that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 300 may involve the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 in Fig. 2A or 2B. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to Fig. 2A or 2B.
[0112] Generally, in the process 300, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a RAN node and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a UPF.
[0113] As shown in Fig. 3, the second network node 220 transmits 310, to the first network node 210, DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set sent by the second network node 220 to the first network node 210.
[0114] In turn, the first network node 210 schedules 320 transmission of the PDU to the UE 104 based on the DL sending time of the start PDU.
[0115] With the process 300, the first network node may schedule transmission of a PDU based on a DL delay between the first network node and the second network node. Thus, better latency guarantee may be achieved.
[0116] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set in a GTP-U header of each of the N PDU (s) in the PDU set, where N is an integer which is equal to or greater than 1 (i.e., N>=1) . For example, the N PDU (s) comprises the first N PDU (s) or last PDU (s) in the PDU set.
[0117] Alternatively, in some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set in a GTP-U header of each of the PDUs in the PDU set.
[0118] Fig. 4 illustrates an example of transmission of the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4, the second network node 220 may transmit multiple PDUs in a PDU set to the first network node 210. For example, PDUs#1, #2 and #3 are the first three PDUs in the PDU set to be transmitted from the second network node 220 to the first network node 210.
[0119] In some implementations, PDUs#1, #2 and #3 are transmitted in an order of PDUs#1, #2 and #3. Thus, the PDU#1 is a start PDU sent by the second network node 220 to the first network node 210.
[0120] For example, if N=1, the second network node 220 may include the DL sending time of the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#1) in a GTP-U header of the PDU#1 and transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#1) to the first network node 210.
[0121] For another example, if N=3, the second network node 220 may include the DL sending time of the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#1) in a GTP-U header of each of the first three PDUs in the PDU set. That is, the second network node 220 may include the DL sending time of the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#1) in a GTP-U header of each of the PDUs#1, #2 and #3 to be transmitted from the second network node 220 to the first network node 210.
[0122] For a further example, the second network node 220 may transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#1) in a GTP-U header of each of the PDUs in the PDU set.
[0123] Alternatively, in some implementations, PDUs#1, #2 and #3 are transmitted in an order of PDUs#2, #1 and #3. Thus, the PDU#2 is a start PDU sent by the second network node 220 to the first network node 210. In such implementations,
[0124] For example, if N=1, the second network node 220 may include the DL sending time of the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#2) in a GTP-U header of the PDU#2 and transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#2) to the first network node 210.
[0125] For another example, if N=3, the second network node 220 may include the DL sending time of the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#2) in a GTP-U header of each of the three PDUs in the PDU set. That is, the second network node 220 may include the DL sending time of the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#2) in a GTP-U header of each of the PDUs#1, #2 and #3 to be transmitted from the second network node 220 to the first network node 210.
[0126] For a further example, the second network node 220 may transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#2) in a GTP-U header of each of the PDUs in the PDU set.
[0127] As described above, in some implementations, for MN terminated split DRB, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a master RAN node, the third network node 230 may be implemented as a secondary RAN node, and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a UPF. In some implementations, for SN terminated split DRB, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a secondary RAN node, the third network node 230 may be implemented as a master RAN node. In such implementations, transmission of the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set in Fig. 4 may be performed among the master RAN node, the secondary RAN node and the UPF.
[0128] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a gNB-CU, the third network node 230 may be implemented as a gNB-DU, and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a UPF. In such implementations, transmission of the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set in Fig. 4 may be performed among the gNB-CU, the gNB-DU and the UPF.
[0129] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a source RAN node 210, the third network node 230 may be implemented as a target RAN node 210 and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a UPF 230. In such implementations, transmission of the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set in Fig. 4 may be performed among the source RAN node, the target RAN node and the UPF.
[0130] In such implementations, the source RAN node 210 forwards the unacknowledged PDU to the target RAN node 230. The source RAN node 210 includes the DL sending time of the start PDU in the first forwarded PDU or last forwarded PDU or each forwarded PDU of the PDU set. The PDU set includes the PDU comprising the DL sending time of the start PDU. The source RAN node 210 includes the DL sending time of the start PDU in a GTP-U extension header of a forwarded PDCP PDU or PDCP SDU in the PDU set.
[0131] If the start PDU comprising the DL sending time of the start PDU has been successfully acknowledged by the UE 104, it will not be forwarded to the target RAN node 230. In this case, the DL sending time of the start PDU in the start PDU received from the UPF 220 may be included in other PDU and forwarded to the target RAN node 230. The start PDU and forwarded PDU are in the same PDU set. For example, the source RAN node 210 has successfully transmitted the PDU#1 to the UE 104, and forwards the PDU#2 and the PDU#3 after the start PDU comprising the DL sending time of the start PDU (i.e., PDU#1) to the target RAN node 230 during data forwarding.
[0132] The source RAN node 210 may includethe DL sending time of the received PDU#1 in a GTP-U extension header of the PDCP PDU#2 and PDU#3, i.e., the each forwarded PDU in the PDU set including the PDU#1.
[0133] Alternatively, the source RAN node 210 may add the DL sending time of the received PDU#1 in the GTP-U extension header of the PDU#2, i.e., the first or last forwarded PDU in the PDU set including the PDU#1.
[0134] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU. The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a DL Sending Time Stamp field. In such implements, the second network node 220 may also transmit, to the first network node 210, a DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU or other PDU in the PDU set. Presence of the DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame may indicate that the DL Sending Time Stamp field in the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame indicates the DL sending time of the start PDU.
[0135] Fig. 5A illustrates an example of a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 5A, the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame may comprise a QoS Monitoring Packet (QMP) field and a DL Sending Time Stamp field.
[0136] The QMP field indicates that the transferred packet is used for QoS monitoring. The field also indicates the presence of the DL Sending Time Stamp in the DL PDU Session Information frame.
[0137] The DL Sending Time Stamp field indicates the time when the second network node 220 (e.g., UPF) sends the DL PDU Session Information frame with the QMP field set to 1. For example, it is encoded in the same format as the 64-bit timestamp format as defined in Section 6 of IETF RFC 5905.
[0138] The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame may also comprise a PDU Type field. The PDU Type field indicates the structure of the PDU session UP frame. The field takes the value of the PDU Type it identifies; i.e. "0" for PDU Type 0. The PDU type is in bit 4 to bit 7 in the first octet of the frame.
[0139] The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame may also comprise one or more Spare fields. The spare field is set to "0" by the sender and should not be interpreted by the receiver. This field is reserved for later versions.
[0140] The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame may also comprise a QoS Flow Identifier (QFI) field. When present, this parameter indicates the QoS Flow Identifier of the QoS flow to which the transferred packet belongs.
[0141] The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame may also comprise a Reflective QoS Indicator (RQI) field. This parameter indicates activation of the reflective QoS towards the UE for the transferred packet. It is used only in the downlink direction. If RQA (Reflective QoS Activation) has not been configured for the involved QoS flow, the RQI shall be ignored by the NG-RAN node.
[0142] The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame may also comprise a Padding field. The padding is included at the end of the frame to ensure that the PDU Session user plane protocol PDU length (including padding and the future extension) is (n*4–2) octets, where n is a positive integer. If there is any future extension, the padding should be added after the future extensions.
[0143] The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame may also comprise a Paging Policy Presence (PPP) field. This parameter indicates the presence of the Paging Policy Indicator (PPI) .
[0144] The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame may also comprise a Paging Policy Indicator (PPI) field. When present, the Paging Policy Indicator is used for paging policy differentiation. This field applies to PDU sessions of IP type.
[0145] The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame may also comprise a Sequence Number Presence (SNP) field. This parameter indicates the presence of the DL QFI Sequence Number in the DL PDU Session Information frame or the presence of the UL QFI Sequence Number in the UL PDU Session Information frame.
[0146] The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame may also comprise a DL QFI Sequence Number field. This parameter indicates the sequence number as assigned by the UPF associated with a given QoS Flow.
[0147] The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame may also comprise a MBS Sequence Number Presence (MSNP) field. This parameter indicates the presence of the DL MBS QFI Sequence Number in the DL PDU Session Information frame.
[0148] The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame may also comprise a DL MBS QFI Sequence Number field. This parameter indicates the sequence number as assigned by the MB-UPF associated with a given MBS QoS Flow.
[0149] Alternatively, in some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU. The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a first indication and a DL Sending Time Stamp field. The first indication indicates whether the DL Sending Time Stamp field indicates the DL sending time of the start PDU. This will be described with reference to Fig. 5B.
[0150] Fig. 5B illustrates another example of a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure. The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame in Fig. 5B is different from the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame in Fig. 5A in that the Spare field in the first octet in Fig. 5A is replaced by the first indication in Fig. 5B. The first indication indicates whether the DL Sending Time Stamp field indicates the DL sending time of the start PDU. For example, a value of the first indication set to 1 may indicate that the DL Sending Time Stamp field indicates the DL sending time of the start PDU.
[0151] Alternatively, in some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU. The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a second indication indicating whether the DL sending time of the start PDU is present in the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame.
[0152] Fig. 5C illustrates another example of a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure. The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame in Fig. 5C is different from the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame in Fig. 5A in that the Spare field in the first octet in Fig. 5A is replaced by the second indication in Fig. 5B. The DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame in Fig. 5C further comprises a DL Sending Time Stamp for PDU set field. The DL Sending Time Stamp for PDU set field indicates the DL sending time of the start PDU. The second indication indicates whether the DL sending time of the start PDU is present in the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame. In the example of Fig. 5C, the second indication indicates whether the DL Sending Time Stamp for PDU set field is present in the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame. For example, a value of the second indication set to 1 may indicate that the DL Sending Time Stamp for PDU set field is present in the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame.
[0153] Alternatively, in some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, a DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU or other PDU in the PDU set. The DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame comprises the second indication. The second indication indicates whether the DL sending time of the start PDU is present in the DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame.
[0154] In some implementations, the purpose of the Transfer of DL PDU Set Information procedure is to send PDU Set information and indication of End of Data Burst (EDB) related to a QoS flow from UPF to NG-RAN node or between NG-RAN nodes, or from gNB-CU to gNB-DU.
[0155] Fig. 5D illustrates an example of a DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 5D, the DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame comprises the second indication and a DL Sending Time Stamp for DPU set field.
[0156] The second indication may indicate whether the transferred packet is used for PDU set delay monitoring. The second indication may also indicate whether the DL Sending Time Stamp for PDU set field is present in the DL PDU Set Information frame. For example, a value of the second indication set to 1 may indicate that the DL Sending Time Stamp for PDU set field is present in the DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame.
[0157] The DL Sending Time Stamp for DPU set field indicates may indicate the time of the PDU set when the second network node 220 (e.g., the UPF) sends the DL PDU set Information frame. The DL Sending Time Stamp for DPU set field may also indicate the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set at the second network node 220 (e.g., the UPF) .
[0158] The DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame may also comprise a QoS Flow Identifier (QFI) field associated with the transferred packet. The NG-RAN shall use the received QFI to determine the QoS flow and QoS profile which are associated with the received packet.
[0159] The DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame may also comprise PDU Set Sequence Number (PSSN) , PDU Sequence Number (PSN) within a PDU Set, PDU Set Importance, End of Data Burst and End PDU of the PDU Set as specified in TS 23.501.
[0160] In some implementations, the DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame may comprise PDU Set Size (PSSize) as specified in TS 23.501.
[0161] In some implementations, if the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 use different time clocks, the first network node 210 or the second network node 220 may make necessary conversation for the DL sending time stamp based on the same time clock.
[0162] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may determine a DL delay of a PDU in the PDU set sent by the second network node 220 to the first network node 210 based on the DL sending time of the start PDU and receiving time of the PDU. The receiving time of the PDU indicates time when the PDU is received by the first network node 210.
[0163] In some implementations, if PDU set delay measurement has been configured for the QoS flow indicated in the QFI field, the first network node 210 may determine the DL delay of the PDU in the PDU set sent by the second network node 220 to the first network node 210 based on the DL sending time of the start PDU and the receiving time of the PDU.
[0164] In some implementations, in order to schedule transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU, the first network node 210 may determine remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU received from the second network node 220 based on the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set, the receiving time of the PDU and a delay budget for the PDU set.
[0165] In some implementations, if PDU set Delay measurement has been configured for the QoS flow indicated in the QFI field, the first network node 210 may determine the remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU received from the second network node 220 based on the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set, the receiving time of the PDU and the delay budget for the PDU set.
[0166] Fig. 5E illustrates an example of DL transmission of a PDU set in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In this example, the second network node 220 may transmit multiple PDUs in a PDU set to the first network node 210. For example, PDUs#1, #2 and #3 are the first three PDUs in the PDU set to be transmitted from the second network node 220 to the first network node 210.
[0167] In some implementations, PDUs#1, #2 and #3 are transmitted in an order of PDUs#1, #2 and #3. Thus, the PDU#1 is a start PDU sent by the second network node 220 to the first network node 210.
[0168] At time T1, the second network node 220 transmits the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#1) to the first network node 210. That is, DL sending time of the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#1) is T1.
[0169] For example, the second network node 220 may include the DL sending time of the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#1) in a GTP-U header of the PDU#1 and transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#1) to the first network node 210.
[0170] At time T2, the first network node 210 receives the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#1) from the second network node 220. That is, receiving time of the start PDU (i.e., the PDU#1) is T2.
[0171] At time T3, the first network node 210 receives the PDU#2 from the second network node 220. That is, receiving time of the PDU#2 is T3.
[0172] At time T4, the first network node 210 receives the PDU#3 from the second network node 220. That is, receiving time of the PDU#3 is T4.
[0173] The first network node 210 may determine a DL delay for a PDU in the PDU set based on the DL sending time of the start PDU and the receiving time of the PDU.
[0174] For example, the first network node 210 may determine a DL delay for the PDU#1 in the PDU set based on the DL sending time of the start PDU and the receiving time of the PDU#1. That is, the first network node 210 may determine the DL delay for the PDU#1 as (T2-T1) .
[0175] For another example, the first network node 210 may determine a DL delay for the PDU#2 in the PDU set based on the DL sending time of the start PDU and the receiving time of the PDU#2. That is, the first network node 210 may determine the DL delay for the PDU#2 as (T3-T1) .
[0176] The first network node 210 may determine remaining time for scheduling transmission of a PDU in the PDU set received from the second network node 220 based on the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set, the receiving time of the PDU and the delay budget for the PDU set.
[0177] For example, the first network node 210 may determine remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU#1 based on the DL sending time of the start PDU, the receiving time of the PDU#1, and the delay budget for the PDU set (PSDB) . That is, the first network node 210 may determine the remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU#1 as [PSDB- (T2-T1) ] .
[0178] For another example, the first network node 210 may determine remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU#2 based on the DL sending time of the start PDU, the receiving time of the PDU#2, and the PSDB. That is, the first network node 210 may determine the remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU#2 as [PSDB-(T3-T1) ] .
[0179] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit a sixth indication to the fourth network node 240. The sixth indication indicates whether to request or require sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow to the first network node 210. For example, if the first network node 210 determines to schedule a PDU in a PDU set based on dynamic remaining time, it can transmit the sixth indication to the fourth network node 240.
[0180] Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit a sixth indication to the fourth network node 240. The sixth indication indicates whether to request or require the DL PDU set delay measurement for the QoS flow.
[0181] Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit a seventh indication to the fourth network node 240. The seventh indication indicates whether to start or stop DL PDU set delay measurement for the QoS flow.
[0182] Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit a seventh indication to the fourth network node 240. The seventh indication indicates whether to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow to the first network node 210. For example, if the first network node 210 determines to not schedule a PDU in a PDU set based on dynamic remaining time, it can transmit the seventh indication to the fourth network node 240 to stop sending the DL sending time. For example, if the first network node 210 determines to schedule a PDU in a PDU set based on dynamic remaining time, it can transmit the seventh indication to the fourth network node 240 to start sending the DL sending time.
[0183] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit a sixth indication to the fourth network node 240 for sending the DL sending time of the start PDU or for requesting or requiring the DL PDU set delay measurement for the QoS flow, the fourth network node 240 transmits the configuration for measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow to the first network node 210 or transmits the configuration of starting sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow to the second network node 210.
[0184] In some implementations, if the first network node 210 may transmit a sixth indication to the fourth network node 240 for stopping sending the DL sending time of the start PDU, the fourth network node 240 transmits the configuration for stopping measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow or transmits the configuration of stopping sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow to the second network node 210.
[0185] Fig. 6 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 600 that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 600 may involve the first network node 210, the second network node 220 and the third network node 230 in Fig. 2A or 2B. For the purpose of discussion, the process 600 will be described with reference to Fig. 2A or 2B.
[0186] Generally, in the process 600, each of the first network node 210 and the third network node 230 may be implemented as a RAN node, and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a UPF. For example, the first network node 210 may be implemented as an MN and the third network node 230 may be implemented as an SN. Alternatively, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a CU of a gNB and the third network node 230 may be implemented as a DU of the gNB.
[0187] As shown in Fig. 6, the second network node 220 transmits 610, to the first network node 210, DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set sent by the second network node 220 to the first network node 210. The action 610 is similar to the action 310 in Fig. 3. Details of this action are omitted for brevity.
[0188] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, the DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set via the frame as described with reference to Figs. 5A to 5D. Such implementations are omitted for brevity.
[0189] In turn, the first network node 210 transmits 620, to the third network node 230, the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set sent by the second network node 220 to the first network node 210.
[0190] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit, to the third network node 230, the DL sending time of the start PDU in each of PDUs or in N PDU (s) in the PDU set to be forwarded to the third network node 230, wherein N>=1. In some implementations, the first network node 210 may add the DL sending time of the start PDU in a GTP-U extension header of the PDU to be forwarded to the third network node 230. The DL sending time of the start PDU may be included in the PDU Set Information Container.
[0191] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit, to the third network node 230, the DL sending time of the start PDU in the start PDU in the PDU set. The start PDU is to be forwarded to the third network node 230. In some implementations, the first network node 210 may add the DL sending time of the start PDU in a GTP-U extension header of the start PDU. The DL sending time of the start PDU may be included in the PDU Set Information Container.
[0192] In some implementations, if the start PDU comprising the DL sending time of the start PDU is transmitted from the first network node 210 to the UE 104 and it is not forwarded to the third network node 230, the first network node 210 may include the DL sending time of the start PDU in other PDU in the PDU set to be forwarded to the third network node 230.
[0193] Consider the example of Fig. 4. For example, the PDU#1 is the start PDU and is transmitted from the first network node 210 to the UE 104. The first network node 210 forwards, to the third network node 230, the PDU#2 and the PDU#3 which are after the start PDU (i.e., PDU#1) comprising the DL sending time of the start PDU during data forwarding. The first network node 210 adds the DL sending time of the received PDU#1 in a GTP-U extension header of each of the PDU#2 and the PDU#3. That is, the first network node 210 adds the DL sending time of the received PDU#1 in each of the forwarded PDUs in the PDU set including the PDU#1.
[0194] For another example, the PDU#1 is the start PDU and is transmitted from the first network node 210 to the UE 104. The first network node 210 forwards, to the third network node 230, the PDU#2 and the PDU#3 which are after the start PDU (i.e., PDU#1) comprising the DL sending time of the start PDU during data forwarding. The first network node 210 adds a ‘downlink sending time stamp’ of the received PDU#1 in a GTP-U extension header of the PDU#2. That is, the first network node 210 adds a ‘downlink sending time stamp’ of the received PDU#1 in the first forwarded PDUs in the PDU set including the PDU#1.
[0195] For a further example, the PDU#1 is the start PDU and is transmitted from the first network node 210 to the UE 104. The first network node 210 forwards, to the third network node 230, the PDU#2 and the PDU#3 which are after the start PDU (i.e., PDU#1) comprising the DL sending time of the start PDU during data forwarding. The first network node 210 adds a ‘downlink sending time stamp’ of the received PDU#1 in a GTP-U extension header of the PDU#3. That is, the first network node 210 adds a ‘downlink sending time stamp’ of the received PDU#1 in the last forwarded PDUs in the PDU set including the PDU#1.
[0196] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit, to the third network node 230, the DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set via the frame as described with reference to Figs. 5A to 5D. Such implementations are omitted for brevity.
[0197] In some implementations, the third network node 230 may transmit an eighth indication to the first network node 210. The eighth indication indicates whether to request or require the first network node to send the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow to the third network node 230 or whether to request or require scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set.
[0198] Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations, the third network node 230 may transmit a ninth indication to the first network node 210. The ninth indication indicates whether to request or require the first network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow to the third network node 230 or whether to start or stop scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set.
[0199] Return to Fig. 6, the first network node 210 forwards 630, to the third network node 230, the PDU received from the second network node 220.
[0200] The third network node 230 schedules 640 transmission of the PDU to the UE 104 based on the DL sending time of the start PDU.
[0201] In some implementations, in order to schedule transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU, the third network node 230 may determine remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU, receiving time of the PDU and a delay budget for the PDU set. The receiving time of the PDU indicates time when the third network node 230 receives the PDU from the first network node 210.
[0202] In some implementations, the delay budget for the PDU set may comprise a PDU Set Delay Budget (PSDB) . The PSDB may indicate upper bound for a duration between the reception time of the first PDU (at the UPF for DL, at the UE 104 for UL) and the time when all PDUs of a PDU Set have been successfully received (at the UE 104 in DL, at the UPF in UL) . For example, in the example of the Fig. 5E, the PSDB may indicate upper bound for a duration between T1 and T5.
[0203] Consider the example of Fig. 5E. The first network node 210 transmits the PDU#1 to the UE 104 successfully. The PDU#1 comprises the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set. The first network node 210 may forward the PDU#2 and the PDU#3 to the third network node 230 during data forwarding.
[0204] In order to transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU to the third network node 230, the first network node 210 may include the DL sending time of the start PDU in a GTP-U header of at least one of the PDU#2 and the PDU#3.
[0205] At time T6, the third network node 230 receives the PDU#2 from the first network node 210. That is, receiving time of the PDU#2 at the third network node 230 is T6.
[0206] At time T7, the third network node 230 receives the PDU#3 from the first network node 210. That is, receiving time of the PDU#3 at the third network node 230 is T7.
[0207] For example, the third network node 230 may determine remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU#2 based on the DL sending time of the start PDU, receiving time of the PDU#2 and the PSDB. That is, the third network node 230 may determine remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU#2 as [PSDB - (T6-T1) ] .
[0208] For another example, the third network node 230 may determine remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU#3 based on the DL sending time of the start PDU, receiving time of the PDU#3 and the PSDB. That is, the third network node 230 may determine remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU#2 as [PSDB -(T7-T1) ] .
[0209] In some implementations, the third network node 230 may transmit a fifth indication to the first network node 210. The fifth indication indicates whether the third network node 230 supports the measurement of the DL PDU set delay or scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow.
[0210] In some implementations, if the fifth indication indicates that the third network node 230 supports the measurement of the DL PDU set delay or scheduling a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow, the first network node 210 may transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set to the third network node 230.
[0211] For example, for a QoS flow established with PDU Set QoS parameters, the third network node 230 may transmit an XN-U ADDRESS INDICATION message to the first network node 210. The XN-U ADDRESS INDICATION message may comprise a DL PDU Set based delay measurement Indicator IE. The DL PDU Set based delay measurement Indicator IE indicates whether the third network node 230 supports the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow.
[0212] If the DL PDU Set based delay measurement Indicator IE set to “supported” is included in the XN-U ADDRESS INDICATION message, the first network node 210 may transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set to the third network node 230. For example, the first network node 210 may transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU in the first forwarded PDU or last forwarded PDU or each forwarded PDU of the PDU set. The PDU set comprises the PDU comprising the DL sending time of the start PDU. The forwarded data may be a PDCP PDU or PDCP SDU.
[0213] In some implementations, for the UE 104 in ARRC_INACTIVE state, the first network node 210 may implemented as an old NR-RAN node and the third network node 230 may implemented as a new NR-RAN node. For the retrieval of a UE context, an Xn-U Address Indication procedure is used to provide forwarding addresses from the new NG-RAN node to the old NG-RAN node for all PDU session resources successfully established at the new NG-RAN node for which forwarding was requested.
[0214] In such implementations, for a QoS flow established with PDU Set QoS parameters, the third network node 230 (e.g., the new NG-RAN node) may transmit an XN-U ADDRESS INDICATION message to the first network node 210 (e.g., the old NG-RAN node) . The XN-U ADDRESS INDICATION message may comprise a DL PDU Set based delay measurement Indicator IE. The DL PDU Set based delay measurement Indicator IE indicates whether the third network node 230 supports the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow.
[0215] If the DL PDU Set based delay measurement Indicator IE set to “supported” is included in the XN-U ADDRESS INDICATION message, the first network node 210 (e.g., the old NG-RAN node) may transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set to the third network node 230 (e.g., the new NG-RAN node) . For example, the first network node 210 may transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU in the first forwarded PDU or last forwarded PDU or each forwarded PDU of the PDU set. The PDU set comprises the PDU comprising the DL sending time of the start PDU. The forwarded data may be a PDCP PDU or PDCP SDU.
[0216] In some implementations, the fourth network node 240 (e.g., the SMF) may transmit a configuration for measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow to the first network node 210. In the present disclosure, “aconfiguration for measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow” is also referred to as “aconfiguration for measurement of a DL PDU delay for a PDU in a PDU set for a QoS flow. In the present disclosure, “aconfiguration for measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow” is also referred to as “aconfiguration for scheduling transmission of a PDU in a PDU set for a QoS flow based on DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set.
[0217] In some implementations, if the first network node 210 receive the configuration for measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow from the fourth network node 240, the first network node 210 may transmit the configuration for measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow to the third network node 230.
[0218] Alternatively or additionally, if the first network node 210 receive the configuration for measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow from the fourth network node 240, the first network node 210 may transmit, to the third network node 230, a schedule configuration for a PDU in the PDU set based on DL delay measurement for the QoS flow.
[0219] In some implementations, the DL PDU set delay measurement configuration may comprise a third indication. The third indication may indicate whether to perform the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow based on DL sending time from second network node. Alternatively or additionally, the third indication may indicate whether to schedule transmission of a PDU in a PDU set based on DL delay measurement. Alternatively or additionally, the third indication may indicate whether to schedule transmission of a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set from second network node.
[0220] Alternatively or additionally, the DL PDU set delay measurement configuration may comprise a fourth indication. The fourth indication may indicate whether to start or stop the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow based on DL sending time from second network node. Alternatively or additionally, the fourth indication may indicate whether to schedule transmission of a PDU in a PDU set based on DL delay measurement. Alternatively or additionally, the fourth indication may indicate whether to schedule transmission of a PDU in a PDU set based on DL sending time from second network node.
[0221] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit an S-NODE ADDITION REQUEST message to the third network node 230. The S-NODE ADDITION REQUEST message may comprise a PDU Session Resources To Be Setup List Information Element (IE) . The PDU Session Resources To Be Setup List IE may comprise a QoS Flow Level QoS Parameters IE. The QoS Flow Level QoS Parameters IE defines the QoS Parameters to be applied to a QoS flow.
[0222] The QoS Flow Level QoS Parameters IE may comprise at least one of a PDU set QoS Monitoring Request field or a PDU Set QoS Monitoring Indication field.
[0223] The PDU set QoS Monitoring Request field may indicate whether to perform the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow. Alternatively or additionally, the PDU set QoS Monitoring Request field may indicate whether to schedule transmission of a PDU in a PDU set based on DL delay measurement.
[0224] The PDU Set QoS Monitoring Indication field may indicate whether to start or stop the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow. Alternatively or additionally, the PDU Set QoS Monitoring Indication field may indicate whether to schedule transmission of a PDU in a PDU set based on DL delay measurement. For example, True indicates to start the DL PDU set delay measurement and False indicates to stop the DL PDU set delay measurement.
[0225] Table 1 gives an example of the QoS Flow Level QoS Parameters IE. Table 1
[0226] For example, for a QoS flow, if the PDU set QoS Monitoring Request is included in the QoS Flow Level QoS Parameters IE in the PDU Session Resources To Be Setup List IE, the third network node 230 shall store this information, and shall, if supported, perform delay measurement and / or schedule a PDU in a PDU set based on DL delay measurement. For the DL delay measurement, the third network node 230 performs delay measurement based on the DL sending time of the start PDU in the forwarded PDU. For the scheduling behavior, the third network node 230 performs scheduling transmission based on the DL sending time of the start PDU in the forwarded PDU.
[0227] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first network node 210 may forward the PDU in the PDU set to the third network node 230 and transmit, to the third network node 230, the remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU and DL sending time of the PDU. The DL sending time of the PDU indicates time when the first network node 210 sends or forwards the PDU to the third network node 230.
[0228] For example, the first network node 210 may include the remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU and the DL sending time of the PDU in each forwarded PDU of the PDU set that will be transmitted by the third network node 230, or in the first or last forwarded PDU in the PDU set.
[0229] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first network node 210 may forward the PDU in the PDU set to the third network node 230 and transmit, to the third network node 230, the remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU and the receiving time of the PDU. The receiving time of the PDU indicates time when the first network node 210 receives the PDU from the second network node 220.
[0230] For example, the first network node 210 may include the remaining time for scheduling transmission of the PDU and the receiving time of the PDU in one forwarded PDU of the PDU set that will be transmitted by the third network node 230, or in the first or last forwarded PDU in the PDU set.
[0231] In some implementations, the configuration for measurement of a DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow may be replaced by the configuration for scheduling transmission a PDU in a PDU Set based on DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set from second network node.
[0232] In some implementations, the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow presents the first network node measures DL delay between UPF and first network node for a PDU in the PDU set based on the DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set.
[0233] In some implementations, the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow presents the first network node measures DL delay between UPF and third network node for a PDU in the PDU set based on the DL sending time of start PDU in the PDU set.
[0234] The above implementations have been described from point view of a PDU set. For non-PDU set, scheduling transmission of a PDU based on the DL sending time of the PDU can also be applied. That is to say, for non-PDU set, the DL PDU delay measurement for scheduling can also be applied. In such implementations, the configuration for measurement of the DL PDU set delay may be replaced by a configuration for measurement of a DL PDU. The DL PDU Set based delay measurement Indicator IE set to "supported" may be replaced by a DL PDU based delay measurement Indicator IE set to "supported" . The second network node 220 (e.g., the UPF) may transmit DL sending time of a PDU to the first network node 210. The third network node 230 determines remaining time of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the PDU. The first network node 210 schedules transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the PDU. The first network node 210 may forwards the DL sending time of the PDU to the third network node 230. The third network node 230 determines remaining time of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the PDU. The third network node 230 schedules transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the PDU.
[0235] For non-PDU set, an eighth indication indicating whether to request or require e the first network node to send the DL sending time of an PDU for the QoS flow. Alternatively, the sixth indication indicates whether to request or require DL PDU delay measurement for the QoS flow. A ninth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of a PDU for the QoS flow to third network node. Alternatively, the ninth indication indicating whether to start or stop DL PDU delay measurement for the QoS flow.
[0236] For non-PDU set, a sixth indication indicates whether to request or require second network node to send the DL sending time of a PDU for the QoS flow to the first network node 210. Alternatively, the sixth indication indicates whether to request or require DL PDU delay measurement for the QoS flow. A seventh indication indicates whether to start or stop DL PDU delay measurement for the QoS flow. Alternatively, the seventh indication indicates whether to request or require second network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of a PDU for the QoS flow to the first network node 210.
[0237] In some implementations, the measurement of the DL delay for the QoS flow presents the first network node measures DL delay between UPF and first network node for a PDU based on the DL sending time of the PDU.
[0238] In some implementations, the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow presents the first network node measures DL delay between UPF and third network node for a PDU based on the DL sending time of the PDU.
[0239] Fig. 7 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 700 that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 700 may involve the third network node 230 and the fourth network node 240 in Fig. 2B. For the purpose of discussion, the process 700 will be described with reference to Fig. 2B.
[0240] Generally, in the process 700, the third network node 230 may be implemented as a target RAN node, and the fourth network node 240 may be implemented as an AMF or SMF.
[0241] In some implementations, the process 700 may be related to an NG interface based handover procedure.
[0242] As shown in Fig. 7, the fourth network node 240 transmits 710 a HANDOVER REQUEST message to the third network node 230.
[0243] The third network node 230 transmits 720 a HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message to the fourth network node 240.
[0244] The HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message comprises a fifth indication. The fifth indication indicates whether the third network node 230 supports measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow.
[0245] In some implementations, for each PDU session resource successfully setup, the third network node 230 may include the fifth indication in the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message if the HANDOVER REQUEST message includes a configuration for measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow. For example, the fifth indication may be included in the Handover Request Acknowledge Transfer IE in the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message.
[0246] The HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message comprises an eighth indication. The eighth indication indicates whether to requests or require the first network node to send DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set for the QoS flow.
[0247] The HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message comprises a ninth indication. The ninth indication indicates whether requests or require the first network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow.
[0248] In some implementations, the fourth network node 240 may transmit, to the second network node 220, a configuration for transmitting DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set to the third network node 230.
[0249] In some implementations, if the fifth indication indicates that the third network node 230 supports measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow or the eighth indication indicates to request or require DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set for the QoS flow, the configuration from the fourth network node 240 may indicate the second network node 220 to include, in at least one PDU in a PDU set, DL sending time of a start PDU in the PDU set sent by the second network node 220 to the third network node 230.
[0250] In some implementations, if the fifth indication indicates that the third network node 230 does not support measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow or the eighth indication does not indicates to request or require the first network node to to send DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set for the QoS flow, the configuration from the fourth network node 240 may indicate the second network node 220 not to include, in at least one PDU in a PDU set, DL sending time of a start PDU in the PDU set sent by the second network node 220 to the third network node 230.
[0251] In another aspect of the present disclosure, in order to avoid heavy load due to measurement of DL PDU delay between the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 for each PDU for a QoS flow, the first network node 210 triggers a DL PDU delay measurement procedure if needed to assist the fourth network node 240 to adjust a first CN PDB to a second CN PDB for the QoS flow based on the DL PDU delay measurement result and to transmit the second CN PDB to the first network node 210. In turn, the first network node 210 determines the Uu PDB / PSDB as PSDB minus the second CN PDB (i.e., Uu PDB / PSDB = PSDB -the second CN PDB) . For non-PDU set, the first network node 210 determines the Uu PDB as PDB minus the second CN PDB (i.e., Uu PDB= PDB –the second CN PDB) .
[0252] In some implementations, the second CN PDB may be a PDB between the first network node 210 and the second network node 220. For example, the second CN PDB may be a PDB between a RAN node and a UPF.
[0253] In some implementations, the PDB may be a PDB between the second network node 220 and the UE 104. For example, the PDB may be a PDB between a UPF and the UE 104.
[0254] In some implementations, the Uu PDB may be a PDB between the first network node 210 and the UE 104. For example, the Uu PDB may be a PDB between a RAN node and the UE 104.
[0255] In some implementations, the PSDB may be a PSDB between the second network node 220 and the UE 104. For example, the PSDB may be a PSDB between a UPF and the UE 104.
[0256] In some implementations, the first network node 210 is configured to transmit a tenth indication to fourth network node 240 indicating whether to request or require second network node 220 to send DL sending time of a PDU or whether to request or require second network node 220 to measure the DL delay between the first network node 210 and a second network node 220 for the QoS flow. Alternatively, the first network node 210 is configured to transmit the tenth indication to the second network node 240.
[0257] In some implementations, the first network node 210 is configured to transmit an eleventh indication to the fourth network node 240. The eleventh indication indicates whether to request or require the second network node 220 to start or stop sending DL sending time of a PDU or whether to request or require the second network node 220 to start or stop measuring a DL delay between the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 for the QoS flow. Alternatively, the first network node 210 is configured to transmit the eleventh indication to the second network node 240.
[0258] In some implementations, the first network node 210 is configured to transmit, to the fourth network node 240, a periodicity for sending the DL sending time of the PDU from the second network node 220. Alternatively, the first network node 210 is configured to transmit the periodicity indication to the second network node 240.
[0259] In some implementations, the fourth network node 240 is configured to transmit a configuration to the second network node 220. The configuration indicates whether to request or require the second network node 220 to send DL sending time of a PDU or whether to request or require the second network node 220 to measure the DL delay between the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 for the QoS flow. For example, if the fourth network node 240 receives the tenth indication or eleventh indication from the first network node 210, the fourth network node 240 transmits the configuration to the second network node 220 based on the indication.
[0260] In some implementations, the fourth network node 240 is configured to transmit a configuration to the second network node 220. The configuration indicates whether to request or require the second network node 220 to start or stop sending DL sending time of a PDU or whether to request or require the second network node 220 to start or stop measuring the DL delay between the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 for the QoS flow. For example, if the fourth network node 240 receives the tenth indication or eleventh indication from the first network node 210, the fourth network node 240 transmits the configuration to the second network node 220 based on the indication.
[0261] In some implementations, the fourth network node 240 transmits, to the second network node 220, a periodicity for sending DL sending time of a PDU from the second network node 220.
[0262] In some implementations, the second network node 220 determines whether to transmit DL sending time of a PDU to the first network node 210 based on the configuration from the fourth network node 240 or the first network node 210. For example, if the second network node 220 receives the configuration from the fourth network node 240 or the first network node 210 and the configuration indicates to send DL sending time of a PDU for the QoS flow to the first network node 210, the second network node 220 transmits the DL sending time of the PDU to the first network node 210. For example, if the second network node 220 receives the configuration from the fourth network node 240 and the configuration indicates not to send DL sending time of a PDU for the QoS flow to the first network node 210, the second network node 220 does not transmit the DL sending time of the PDU to the first network node 210.
[0263] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit DL sending time of a PDU to the first network node 210 based on received periodicity from the fourth network node 240 or the first network node 210. For example, the second network node 220 triggers sending of the DL sending time for a PDU in a periodical time duration.
[0264] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may receive DL sending time of a PDU for the QoS flow from the second network node 220. The first network node 210 transmits DL Sending Time Repeated and DL Received Time associated with a DL PDU for the QoS flow. The DL Sending Time Repeated indicates DL Sending Time that the first network node 210 has received (i.e., the DL sending time of the PDU) . The DL Received Time indicates time when the first network node 210 receives the PDU for the QoS flow.
[0265] In some implementations, the second network node 220 receives the DL Sending Time Repeated and the DL Received Time for the QoS flow. In turn, the second network node 220 calculates a DL delay for the QoS flow based on the DL Sending Time Repeated and the DL Received Time for the QoS flow and transmits the DL delay for the QoS flow to the fourth network node 240.
[0266] Alternatively, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the fourth network node 240, the DL Sending Time Repeated and the DL Received Time for the QoS flow. In turn, the fourth network node 240 calculates a DL delay for the QoS flow based on the DL Sending Time Repeated and the DL Received Time for the QoS flow.
[0267] In some implementation, the fourth network node 240 receives the DL delay for the QoS flow, determines the second CN PDB based on the DL delay for the QoS flow, and transmits CN PDB to the first network node 210 for the QoS flow.
[0268] Alternatively, the fourth network node 240 receive the DL Sending Time Repeated and the DL Received Time for the QoS flow, determines the second CN PDB for the QoS flow based on the DL Sending Time Repeated and the DL Received Time for the QoS flow.
[0269] In some implementation, the fourth network node 240 determines the CN PDB for the QoS flow based on multiple received DL delay for the QoS flow.
[0270] In some implementation, the fourth network node 240 determines the CN PDB for the QoS flow based on multiple received DL Sending Time Repeated and DL Received Time for the QoS flow.
[0271] In some implementation, the first network node 210 receives the second CN PDB for the QoS flow from the fourth network node 240, and determines the Uu PDB based on the CN PDB. For example, the first network node 210 determines Uu PDB based on the CN PDB and PSDB, or based on the CN PDB and PDB for scheduling transmission of a PDU for the QoS flow.
[0272] It shall be noted that some implementations described with reference to Fig. 3 may be applied to at least one of the process 600 or 700. Details of such implementations are omitted for brevity.
[0273] Fig. 8 illustrates an example of a device 800 that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 800 may be an example of a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein. The device 800 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 800 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 802, a memory 804, a transceiver 806, and, optionally, an I / O controller 808. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0274] The processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0275] In some implementations, the processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 802 and the memory 804 coupled with the processor 802 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 802, instructions stored in the memory 804) .
[0276] For example, the processor 802 may support wireless communication at the device 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 802 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, from a second network node, DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set sent by the second network node to the first network node; and scheduling transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU.
[0277] Alternatively, the processor 802 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, from a fourth network node, a configuration for transmitting DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set to a first network node; and transmitting, to the first network node, the DL sending time of the start PDU based on the configuration.
[0278] Alternatively, the processor 802 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, from a first network node, DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set sent by a second network node to the first network node; receiving a PDU in the PDU set from the first network node; and scheduling transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU.
[0279] Alternatively, the processor 802 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving a HANDOVER REQUEST message from a fourth network node; and transmitting a HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message to the fourth network node, wherein the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message comprises at least one of the following: a fifth indication indicating whether the third network node supports measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow; an eighth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to send the DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set for the QoS flow; or a ninth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow.
[0280] Alternatively, the processor 802 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: transmitting a HANDOVER REQUEST message to a third network node; and receiving a HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message from the third network node, wherein the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message comprises at least one of: a fifth indication indicating whether the third network node supports measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow; an eighth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to send DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set for the QoS flow; or a ninth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow.
[0281] Fig. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by the first network node 210 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0282] At 910, the method may include receiving, from a second network node, DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set sent by the second network node to the first network node. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A or 2B.
[0283] At 920, the method may include scheduling transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A or 2B.
[0284] Fig. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by the second network node 220 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0285] At 1010, the method may include receiving, from a fourth network node, a configuration for transmitting DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set to a first network node. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A or 2B.
[0286] At 1020, the method may include transmitting, to the first network node, the DL sending time of the start PDU based on the configuration. The operations of 1020 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1020 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A or 2B.
[0287] Fig. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by the third network node 230 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0288] At 1110, the method may include receiving, from a first network node, DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set sent by a second network node to the first network node. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A or 2B.
[0289] At 1120, the method may include receiving a PDU in the PDU set from the first network node. The operations of 1120 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A or 2B.
[0290] At 1130, the method may include scheduling transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU. The operations of 1130 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1130 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A or 2B.
[0291] Fig. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1200 that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by the third network node 230 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0292] At 1210, the method may include receiving a HANDOVER REQUEST message from a fourth network node. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A or 2B.
[0293] At 1220, the method may include transmitting a HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message to the fourth network node, wherein the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message comprises at least one of the following: a fifth indication indicating whether the third network node supports measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow; an eighth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to send the DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set for the QoS flow; or a ninth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow. The operations of 1220 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A or 2B.
[0294] Fig. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1300 that supports scheduling of DL PDU set based on DL delay in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be performed by the fourth network node 240 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0295] At 1310, the method may include transmitting a HANDOVER REQUEST message to a third network node. The operations of 1310 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A or 2B.
[0296] At 1320, the method may include receiving a HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message from the third network node, wherein the HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEGE message comprises at least one of: a fifth indication indicating whether the third network node supports measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a QoS flow; an eighth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to send DL sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set for the QoS flow; or a ninth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow. The operations of 1320 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1320 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A or 2B.
[0297] It shall be noted that implementations of the present disclosure which have been described with reference to Figs. 1 to 7 are also applicable to the device 800 as well as the methods 800 to 1300.
[0298] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0299] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0300] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0301] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0302] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0303] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first network node, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, via the transceiver from a second network node, downlink (DL) sending time of a start protocol data unit (PDU) in a PDU set sent by the second network node to the first network node; andschedule transmission of a PDU in the PDU set based on the DL sending time of the start PDU.2.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:forward the PDU via the transceiver to a third network node; andtransmit the DL sending time of the start PDU via the transceiver to the third network node.3.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to receive the DL sending time of the start PDU by:receiving, via the transceiver from the second network node, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU, wherein the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a second indication indicating whether the DL sending time of the start PDU is present in the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame; orreceiving, via the transceiver from the second network node, a DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU, wherein the DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame comprises the second indication.4.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit a configuration for measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a quality of service (QoS) flow via the transceiver to a third network node.5.The first network node of claim 4, wherein the configuration for measurement of the DL PDU set delay comprises at least one of the following:a third indication indicating whether to perform the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow, ora fourth indication indicating whether to start or stop the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow.6.The first network node of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive a fifth indication via the transceiver from the third network node, wherein the fifth indication indicates whether the third network node supports the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow; andbased on determining that the fifth indication indicates that the third network node supports the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow, transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set via the transceiver to the third network node.7.The first network node of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, via the transceiver from a fourth network node, the configuration for measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow.8.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, via the transceiver to a fourth network node, at least one of the following:a sixth indication indicating whether to request or require second network node to send the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow; ora seventh indication indicating whether to request or require second network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow.9.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, via the transceiver from a third network node, at least one of the following:an eighth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to send the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow; ora ninth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow.10.The first network node of claim 2 or 4, wherein the first network node comprises a node hosting a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entity, and the third network node comprises a corresponding node.11.A second network node, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, via the transceiver from a fourth network node, a configuration for transmitting downlink (DL) sending time of a start protocol data unit (PDU) in a PDU set to a first network node; andtransmit, via the transceiver to the first network node, the DL sending time of the start PDU based on the configuration.12.The second network node of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the DL sending time of the start PDU by:transmitting, via the transceiver to the first network node, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU, wherein the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a second indication indicating whether the DL sending time of the start PDU is present in the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame; ortransmitting, via the transceiver to the first network node, a DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU, wherein the DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame comprises the second indication.13.The second network node of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, via the transceiver to the first network node, a configuration for measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a quality of service (QoS) flow.14.A third network node, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, via the transceiver from a first network node, downlink (DL) sending time of a start PDU in a PDU set sent by a second network node to the first network node;receive a PDU in the PDU set via the transceiver from the first network node; andschedule transmission of the PDU based on the DL sending time of the start PDU.15.The third network node of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to receive the DL sending time of the start PDU by:receiving, via the transceiver from the first network node, a DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU, wherein the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame comprises a second indication indicating whether the DL sending time of the start PDU is present in the DL PDU SESSION INFORMATION frame; orreceiving, via the transceiver from the second network node, a DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame associated with the start PDU, wherein the DL PDU SET INFORMATION frame comprises the second indication.16.The third network node of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive a configuration for measurement of a DL PDU set delay for a quality of service (QoS) flow via the transceiver from the first network node; andwherein the configuration for measurement of the DL PDU set delay comprises at least one of the following:a third indication indicating whether to perform the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow, ora fourth indication indicating whether to start or stop the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow.17.The third network node of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit a fifth indication via the transceiver to the first network node, wherein the fifth indication indicates whether the third network node supports the measurement of the DL PDU set delay for the QoS flow.18.The third network node of claim 14, wherein the first network node comprises a node hosting a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entity, and the third network node comprises a corresponding node.19.The third network node of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, via the transceiver to the first network node, at least one of the following:an eighth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to send the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow; ora ninth indication indicating whether to request or require the first network node to start or stop sending the DL sending time of the start PDU in the PDU set for the QoS flow.20.A method performed by a first network node, comprising:receiving, from a second network node, downlink (DL) sending time of a start protocol data unit (PDU) in a PDU set sent by the second network node to the first network node; andscheduling transmission of a PDU in the PDU set based on the DL sending time of the start PDU.
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