System and method for determining multi-stage multi-cluster opening rate of fractured well on basis of hydraulic signal

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of the development of underground resources such as petroleum, natural gas and geothermal energy. Specifically disclosed are a system and method for determining the multi-stage multi-cluster opening rate of a fractured well on the basis of a hydraulic signal. The system comprises: a wellhead apparatus, which is mounted at the wellhead of a fractured well; a pressure wave standard excitation apparatus, which is used for emitting, to the bottom of the fractured well, pressure waves propagating along a fluid in the fractured well; a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor, which have the same sampling frequency and sampling clock, wherein the first pressure sensor is used for sampling reflected pressure waves to obtain a first hydraulic signal, and the second pressure sensor is used for sampling the reflected pressure waves to obtain a second hydraulic signal; and a hydraulic signal data processing apparatus, which is in communication connection with the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, and is used for determining the opening rate of multi-stage multi-cluster fracturing of the fractured well on the basis of a preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal.

Description

System and method for determining multi-stage and multi-cluster opening rate of fractured well based on hydraulic signal

[0001] Related applications

[0002] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202411259238.6 filed on September 9, 2024, and incorporates the disclosure of the above patent application as part of the present application. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of development of underground resources such as oil and gas, geothermal energy, and the like, and in particular to a system and method for determining multi-stage and multi-cluster opening rate of fractured well based on hydraulic signal. BACKGROUND

[0004] Multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of fractured well is a main technology for unconventional oil and gas reservoir reconstruction. With the increase of reservoir burial depth, the reservoir plasticity is enhanced, and the ground stress and its difference are increased. In order to fully reconstruct the reservoir, it is necessary to increase the number of fractures, and the number of clusters in a single stage is gradually increased from 2-3 clusters to 5-12 clusters. However, due to the lack of high-precision and efficient near-well multi-fracture detection method, the opening rate of the cluster is not clear, and it is difficult to realize the fine evaluation and optimization of the fracturing parameters, which restricts the overall effect of volume fracturing reconstruction.

[0005] The near-well fracture diagnosis method mainly includes microseismic technology, wide-area electromagnetic method technology, radioactive tracer technology, distributed optical fiber technology, etc. The microseismic technology and the wide-area electromagnetic method are subject to the ground conditions and the reservoir burial depth, and both have the disadvantages of limited fracture positioning accuracy, limited applicable burial depth, etc., and it is difficult to meet the requirements of fine evaluation of multi-cluster fracturing opening rate. The radioactive tracer technology needs to be combined with high-cost detection processes such as neutron logging, and has poor real-time performance and high environmental protection risk. The distributed optical fiber technology has the disadvantages of high cost, low processing speed, and failure of the optical fiber detection system due to post-period casing deformation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a low-cost, high-precision, and efficient and environmentally friendly near-well multi-fracture opening rate detection technology. At present, there are technical solutions for detecting objects in the well by using wellbore hydraulic signals. However, due to the influence of water hammer caused by the stop or start of the ground fracturing pump, noise from operating the ground fracturing pump, and flow noise in the wellbore, the signal-to-noise ratio of the hydraulic emission signal received on the ground is low, and it is difficult to solve the problem that the reflection signal of the multi-cluster fracture injection point in a short distance (e.g., less than 10 m) is submerged in the noise and cannot be distinguished by traditional methods.

[0006] At present, there is no effective solution to the above problems. SUMMARY

[0007] The embodiments of the present application provide a system and method for determining multi-stage and multi-cluster opening rate of fractured well based on hydraulic signal, to solve the technical problem of low precision of the existing fracturing well multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing opening rate detection scheme.

[0008] The embodiment of the present application provides a system for determining the opening rate of multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of a fracturing well based on hydraulic signals, comprising:

[0009] A wellhead device is installed at the wellhead of the fracturing well.

[0010] A pressure wave standard excitation device is arranged on the ground and connected with the wellhead device, and is used for emitting a pressure wave propagating along the fluid in the fracturing well to the bottom of the fracturing well, wherein the pressure wave reaches the multi-cluster and multi-fracture and the inter-section packer tool or the multi-cluster and multi-fracture and the bottom of the fracturing well in sequence.

[0011] A first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor are connected with the wellhead device; the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor have the same sampling frequency and sampling clock; the first pressure sensor is used for sampling the reflected pressure wave to obtain a first hydraulic signal; the second pressure sensor is used for sampling the reflected pressure wave to obtain a second hydraulic signal; and the pipe distance between the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor is a preset distance.

[0012] A hydraulic signal data processing device is in communication connection with the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, is used for acquiring the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, and is further used for determining the opening rate of multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal.

[0013] The embodiment of the present application also provides a method for determining the opening rate of multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of a fracturing well based on hydraulic signals, which is applied to the system in any of the above embodiments, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0014] A preset distance, a first hydraulic signal and a second hydraulic signal are acquired.

[0015] Hydraulic signal cepstrum data is calculated based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal.

[0016] The opening rate of multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well is determined according to the hydraulic signal cepstrum data.

[0017] The embodiment of the present application also provides a device for determining the opening rate of multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of a fracturing well based on hydraulic signals, which is applied to the system in any of the above embodiments, and the device comprises:

[0018] An acquisition module is configured to acquire a preset distance, a first hydraulic signal and a second hydraulic signal.

[0019] A calculation module is configured to calculate hydraulic signal cepstrum data based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal.

[0020] determining module configured to determine the opening rate of the multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well according to the hydraulic signal cepstrum data.

[0021] The embodiments of the present application further provide a computer device, comprising a processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, and the processor implements the steps of the method for determining the opening rate of the multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well based on the hydraulic signal according to any of the embodiments described above when executing the instructions.

[0022] The embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer instructions, and the instructions implement the steps of the method for determining the opening rate of the multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well based on the hydraulic signal according to any of the embodiments described above when executed.

[0023] In the embodiments of the present application, a system for determining the opening rate of the multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well based on the hydraulic signal is provided. The first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor with the same sampling frequency and sampling clock are used to detect the wellhead liquid pressure, so that the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal can be obtained. Since the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor have a preset distance, the hydraulic signal cepstrum data can be enhanced based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, so as to facilitate distinguishing multiple close-range reflection peaks in a strong noise background, thereby effectively and accurately evaluating the opening rate of the multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing, and providing key technical support for the fracturing well segmented multi-cluster fracturing process optimization and post-fracturing evaluation. Further, the time delay between the two pressure sensor signals can be obtained according to the determined wave velocity, and the method of translation iteration is adopted to enhance the effective signal while suppressing the influence of random noise; the multi-cluster fracture reflection signal is determined in two steps of preliminary positioning and fine positioning. When collecting the hydraulic signal, the combination of analog signal collection and Ethernet transmission is adopted, and the lower computer software adopts the method of alternately and quickly writing data in the buffer array to ensure equidistant sampling and efficient transmission of data collection and transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the present application and do not limit the present application. In the drawings:

[0025] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the system for determining the opening rate of the multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well based on the hydraulic signal according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a hydraulic signal data processing device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of hydraulic signal cepstrum data before and after enhancement according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG. 4 shows a diagram of a method for determining a reasonable interval of a multi-cluster multi-fracture injection point reflection peak by using a long-short time window energy ratio method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] FIG. 5 shows a diagram of a method for determining a precise position of a fracture and a number of open injection points by using a dichotomy method under different threshold values according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of a method for determining a multi-stage multi-cluster open rate of a fractured well based on a hydraulic signal according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG. 7 shows a diagram of an apparatus for determining a multi-stage multi-cluster open rate of a fractured well based on a hydraulic signal according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The principles and spirits of the present application will be described below with reference to a number of exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are given only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application in any way. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present disclosure more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0034] Those skilled in the art know that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented as a system, an apparatus device, a method or a computer program product. Therefore, the present disclosure can be specifically implemented in the following forms: complete hardware, complete software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.

[0035] In view of the problem of high-precision diagnosis of fracture open rate after fracturing in unconventional reservoirs, deep carbonate deep wells, etc., the embodiments of the present application use the frequency domain characteristics of wellbore high-frequency pressure wave or acoustic wave signals to overcome the shortcomings of the fracture open rate diagnosis methods in the prior art, and propose to develop a system and method for determining a multi-stage multi-cluster open rate of a fractured well based on a hydraulic signal, which can efficiently and accurately evaluate the near-well fracture open rate and provide key technical support for fracturing well multi-stage multi-cluster fracturing process optimization and post-fracturing evaluation.

[0036] Based on this, the embodiments of the present application provide a system for determining a multi-stage multi-cluster open rate of a fractured well based on a hydraulic signal. FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an application scenario of a system for determining a multi-stage multi-cluster open rate of a fractured well based on a hydraulic signal according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in (a) of FIG. 1, the system for determining a multi-stage multi-cluster open rate of a fractured well can include a wellhead device 016, a pressure wave standard excitation device 003, a first pressure sensor 005 and a second pressure sensor 006, and a hydraulic signal data processing device 007.

[0037] A wellhead 016 is installed at the wellhead 004 of the fracturing well 008. The wellhead 016 can include a hanger casing, tubing, and a device for sealing the tubing and casing and annular space of each layer of casing. The wellhead 016 can generally consist of a casing head, a tubing head, and a blowout preventer group. The fracturing well 008 in the embodiments of the present application can be a horizontal well, a directional well, a cluster well, a large displacement well, and the like.

[0038] The pressure wave standard excitation device 003 can be arranged on the ground and connected to the wellhead 016. The pressure wave standard excitation device 003 is used to emit a pressure wave propagating along the fluid 009 in the fracturing well 008 to the well bottom 012 of the fracturing well 008. The pressure wave reaches the multi-cluster multi-fracture 011, the completion tool 010, and the well bottom 012 of the fracturing well 008 in turn. Alternatively, the pressure wave reaches the multi-cluster multi-fracture 011, the completion tool 010, and the inter-stage isolation tool of the fracturing well 008 in turn. The inter-stage isolation tool is mainly used for effective isolation before each fracturing layer section, and the types can include: bridge plug, sliding sleeve, packer, and the like. If the inter-stage isolation tool fails or does not exist, the pressure reaches the well bottom.

[0039] The first pressure sensor 005 and the second pressure sensor 006 can be connected to the wellhead 016. The first pressure sensor 005 and the second pressure sensor 006 can have the same sampling frequency and sampling clock. The first pressure sensor 005 is used to sample the reflected pressure wave to obtain a first hydraulic signal. The second pressure sensor 006 is used to sample the reflected pressure wave to obtain a second hydraulic signal. The pipe distance between the first pressure sensor 005 and the second pressure sensor 006 is a preset distance, specifically, the preset distance is the distance in the vertical direction, that is, the first pressure sensor 005 and the second pressure sensor 006 are located on a vertical line, and the second pressure sensor 006 is located directly above the first pressure sensor 005.

[0040] The hydraulic signal data processing device 007 can be in communication connection with the first pressure sensor 005 and the second pressure sensor 006, and is used to obtain the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal from the first pressure sensor 005 and the second pressure sensor 006. The hydraulic signal data processing device 007 can also be used to determine the opening rate of the multi-section multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal, and the second hydraulic signal.

[0041] As shown in (a) of FIG. 1, the fractured well 008 intersects with multiple clusters of multiple fractures 011 in the reservoir 002. The distance between the first sensor 005 and the second sensor 006 is known as Δh. The pressure wave standard firing device 003 is connected with the wellhead device 016. The first pressure sensor 005 and the second pressure sensor 006 are connected with the wellhead device 016 respectively. The hydraulic signal data processing device 007 is located on the ground 001 and connected with the first pressure sensor 005 and the second pressure sensor 006 in sequence. The pressure wave standard firing device 003 located on the ground 001 sends pressure waves propagating along the fluid 009 in the well to the bottom hole 012. The pressure waves propagate along the fluid 009 to the multiple clusters of multiple fractures 011, the completion tool 010 and the bottom hole 012 in sequence respectively, and the reflected hydraulic signals return to the wellhead along the fluid 009. The reflected hydraulic signals are monitored by the first pressure sensor 005 and the second pressure sensor 006. The sampling frequency and the sampling clock of the first pressure sensor 005 and the second pressure sensor 006 are synchronized.

[0042] In the above embodiment, the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor with the same sampling frequency and sampling clock are used to detect the wellhead liquid pressure, so that the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal can be obtained. Since the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor have a preset distance, the hydraulic signal cepstrum data can be enhanced based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, which facilitates distinguishing multiple close-range reflection peaks in a strong noise background, so that the opening rate of multiple-stage multiple-cluster fracturing can be effectively and accurately evaluated, which provides key technical support for fracturing well segmentation multiple-cluster fracturing process optimization and post-fracturing evaluation.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, the hydraulic signal data processing device is installed with lower computer software and upper computer software. Please refer to FIG. 2, which shows a schematic diagram of the hydraulic signal data processing device in the embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2, the hydraulic signal data processing device includes a lower computer deployed near the wellhead, an upper computer deployed in the barrack and a network cable and a power cable for connecting the lower computer and the upper computer.

[0044] The lower computer software can use pressure simulation signals for high-frequency equidistant real-time sampling. The lower computer software and the upper computer software can use non-real-time Ethernet communication protocol to complete data transmission.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present application, the lower computer software can be used to set the first buffer array, the second buffer array and the third buffer array. In the present embodiment, the first buffer array is used for non-real-time reading of the upper computer software; the second buffer array and the third buffer array are used for writing data to be collected. During the collection, the lower computer software repeats the following process: when the second buffer array is filled, the data in the second buffer array is copied to the first buffer array, and then data is written to the third buffer array; when the third buffer array is full, the data in the third buffer array is copied to the first buffer array, and then data is written to the second buffer array.

[0046] In the present embodiment, the multi-section multi-cluster opening rate hydraulic reflection signal processing system can use high-frequency real-time sampling of pressure analog signals, and the lower computer and the upper computer use non-real-time Ethernet communication. The lower computer sets three buffer arrays, wherein array 0 is used for non-real-time reading of the upper computer, array 1 writes data to be collected, and when array 1 is filled, the data in array 1 is copied to array 0 at one time; then data is written to array 2, and when array 2 is full, the input of array 2 is copied to array 0 at one time, and then data is written to array 1, and the above process is repeated during collection. When collecting hydraulic signals, a combination of analog signal collection and Ethernet transmission is used, and the lower computer software uses the alternating fast writing data mode of the buffer array to ensure equidistant sampling and efficient transmission of data collection and transmission.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present application, the hydraulic signal data processing device can be specifically used for: based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, calculating the hydraulic signal cepstrum data; and determining the opening rate of the multi-section multi-cluster fracturing of the fractured well according to the hydraulic signal cepstrum data. In the present embodiment, the hydraulic signal data processing device can calculate the hydraulic signal cepstrum data based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, and then determine the opening rate of the multi-section multi-cluster fracturing of the fractured well according to the hydraulic signal cepstrum data. The time delay between the two pressure sensor signals can be obtained according to the determined wave velocity, and the effective signal is enhanced while the influence of random noise is suppressed by using the translation iteration method.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present application, the first hydraulic signal includes a first high-frequency hydraulic signal and a first low-frequency hydraulic signal. The second hydraulic signal includes a second high-frequency hydraulic signal and a second low-frequency hydraulic signal. The first high-frequency hydraulic signal and the first low-frequency hydraulic signal are detected by high-frequency sampling and low-frequency sampling of the first pressure sensor, respectively. The second high-frequency hydraulic signal and the second low-frequency hydraulic signal are detected by high-frequency sampling and low-frequency sampling of the second pressure sensor, respectively.

[0049] Specifically, the first pressure sensor 005 and the second pressure sensor 006 perform two frequency samplings (high frequency, low frequency) to obtain a first high frequency hydraulic signal and a first low frequency hydraulic signal and a second high frequency hydraulic signal and a second low frequency hydraulic signal, respectively. The hydraulic signal reflected back to the wellhead is transmitted by the first pressure sensor 005 and the second pressure sensor 006 to the matched hydraulic signal data processing device 007 for real-time processing and feedback of pressure signal data to obtain the accurate position of the multi-cluster multi-fracture. The high frequency can be above 1000 Hz, and the low frequency can be about 200 Hz.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, the hydraulic signal data processing device can be specifically used for: based on the preset distance, the first high frequency hydraulic signal and the second high frequency hydraulic signal, calculating the time difference between the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor; using the same time window to calculate the first low frequency hydraulic signal and the second low frequency hydraulic signal to obtain the first hydraulic signal cepstrum data and the second hydraulic signal cepstrum data; using the time difference to shift the second hydraulic signal cepstrum data along the time axis, and superimposing the shifted second hydraulic signal cepstrum data and the first hydraulic signal cepstrum data to obtain the hydraulic signal cepstrum data.

[0051] Specifically, when the first pressure sensor 005 and the second pressure sensor 006 are adjusted to high frequency sampling. The collected first high frequency hydraulic signal and second high frequency hydraulic signal are normalized, and the cross-correlation method is used to calculate the time difference of the pressure wave received by the first pressure sensor 005 and the second pressure sensor 006. The propagation speed v of the pressure wave in the ground acquisition system can be calculated according to the pipe distance Δh between the first pressure sensor 005 and the second pressure sensor 006, and the time difference Δt between the pressure sensors can be calculated according to the pipe distance Δh of the pressure sensor and the speed v of the pressure wave. When the two pressure sensors are adjusted to low frequency sampling. The same time window is used to calculate the cepstrum data of the wellbore pressure signal for the low frequency pressure data collected by the pressure sensor, and the hydraulic signal cepstrum diagram measured by the pressure sensor 005 and the pressure sensor 006 is shown in (b) of FIG. 1. The sensor A in (b) of FIG. 1 is the first pressure sensor 005, and the sensor B is the second pressure sensor 006.

[0052] Please refer to FIG. 3, which shows a schematic diagram of the hydraulic signal cepstrum data before and after enhancement. As shown in FIG. 3, taking the first pressure sensor 005 as a standard, the cepstrum data of the second pressure sensor 006 obtained is translated and superimposed according to the time difference Δt. Since the hydraulic wave signal generated by the standard firing device 003 is regular, the cepstrum data obtained by the two pressure sensors is enhanced after translation and superimposing. The pressure wave generated by the water hammer effect of the ground start-stop pump and the noise generated by the casing well perforation event is random and there is a mutual offset phenomenon. As shown in FIG. 3(a), the cepstrum data at the end generated by the noise is offset after translation, as shown in FIG. 3(b), the data at the end is not enhanced. Through the above method, the multiple cluster and multiple fracture hydraulic signals that need to be detected can be effectively enhanced, and the interference signals are reduced.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present application, the hydraulic signal data processing device can be specifically used for: adopting a long-short window energy ratio method to process the hydraulic signal cepstrum data, determining the position interval of the multiple liquid injection point reflection peaks in the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well; using an information criterion method to determine the positions of the multiple liquid injection point reflection peaks from the position interval of the multiple liquid injection point reflection peaks; and determining the opening rate in the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing according to the peak value signals corresponding to the multiple liquid injection point reflection peaks in the hydraulic signal cepstrum data. The peak value greater than the threshold value is determined as a fracture. The ratio of the number of identified reflection peaks to the perforation cluster can be determined as the opening rate. Further, the opening rate is used for process optimization of the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present application, the hydraulic signal data processing device can be specifically used for: using a long-time window and a short-time window to intercept the hydraulic signal cepstrum data, calculating the ratio curve between the average energy value of the long-time window and the average energy value of the short-time window with time change; and determining the position interval of the multiple liquid injection point reflection peaks in the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well based on the ratio curve between the average energy value of the long-time window and the average energy value of the short-time window with time change.

[0055] In this embodiment, the principle of the time window energy ratio is based on the fact that the background noise energy and the microseismic event energy are very different. Therefore, by selecting two time windows of different lengths, a long-time window and a short-time window, the long-time window contains a large amount of noise signal and relatively few microseismic effective signals, and the short-time window contains less background noise and more microseismic effective event signals. The ratio R of the average value of the short-time window (STA) and the length of the long-time window (LTA) is used to reflect the degree of change of signal energy. The average energy value of the short-time window (STA) is relatively large, and by comparing the average energy values of the two time windows, it can be roughly determined whether the signal reaches the fracture interval, i.e., the first arrival point of the fracture.

[0056] By comparing the average energy values of the two time windows, the reasonable interval of the cluster fracturing fluid injection point reflection hydraulic signal in the multi-cluster fracturing can be roughly determined. When the hydraulic signal arrives, the STA value changes faster than the LTA value, and the R value has a significant increasing trend. When the R value exceeds the set threshold (THR), the point is the effective signal for starting recording. The interval from the last point exceeding the threshold to the point when the R value starts to be less than the set threshold can be the reasonable interval of the multi-fracture. The shorter the STA time window, the more sensitive it is to detecting the hydraulic signal. However, a short time window may cause signal mispicking. To avoid this situation, the length of the short time window needs to be at least greater than the time window length corresponding to a peak signal. The longer the LTA time window, the more hydraulic signals reflected by the fracture it can detect, and the more sensitive it is to monitoring the hydraulic signal. However, if the time window is too long, the strong daytime noise may be mispicked as the hydraulic signal reflected by the fracturing fracture.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present application, the hydraulic signal data processing device is specifically used for: obtaining the number of perforation clusters and a plurality of preset thresholds; determining the positions of a plurality of injection point reflection peaks according to the number of perforation clusters and the number of peaks reaching each of the plurality of preset thresholds in the position interval of the plurality of injection point reflection peaks.

[0058] In this embodiment, the initial threshold can be determined according to the old well data according to experience, and then the secondary threshold can be determined by using the dichotomy method to obtain a plurality of preset thresholds. Based on the obtained reasonable interval of the fracture reflection peak, the AR-Akaike information criterion method is used to pick up the accurate position of the injection point reflection peak. The AR-Akaike information criterion is based on the concept of entropy, which can balance the complexity of the estimated model and the goodness of the model fitting data. The position with the lowest information entropy can be determined as the position of the injection point reflection peak.

[0059] The above method will be described in combination with a specific embodiment. However, it should be noted that the specific embodiment is only used to better illustrate the present application and does not constitute an improper limitation on the present application.

[0060] The prior art detects the multi-cluster fracture injection point by the absolute value of the positive peak or negative peak amplitude on the cepstrum exceeding the threshold set by the user. However, this method is difficult to distinguish multiple close-range reflection peaks in a strong noise background, resulting in that the prior art is mainly used for single injection point well depth monitoring, and lacks effective evaluation of the opening rate of multi-cluster multi-fracture.

[0061] The embodiment of the present application aims at the current technical bottleneck and proposes a system for determining the opening rate of multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing wells based on hydraulic signals. The proposed system is related to the efficient development of underground energy, and specifically, the liquid pressure at the wellhead is detected and data is extracted by using two or more pressure sensors, and the inverse spectrum diagram of the hydraulic signal measured by each sensor is obtained, the hydraulic signal is normalized, and the long-short time window energy ratio method is used to obtain the position interval of multiple injection points in multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing, and then the AR-Akaike information criterion method is used to obtain the accurate positions of the multiple injection points in the interval. Based on the method for detecting the accurate positions of the multiple injection points in the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing in the well, a system for detecting and receiving the pressure signals in the well and processing the pressure data is proposed.

[0062] According to the system in the specific embodiment, a method for determining the opening rate of multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing wells based on hydraulic signals is provided, which can determine the depth and opening rate of multi-cluster and multi-fracture by monitoring the hydraulic signal reflection objects received by multiple sensors; based on the above method, a matching system for implementing the above method scheme is proposed.

[0063] In (a) and (b) of FIG. 1:001-ground, 002-reservoir, 003-pressure wave standard firing device, 004-wellhead, 005-pressure sensor A, 006-pressure sensor B, 007-system based on the method for implementing the operation scheme, 008-wellbore, 009-fluid in the well, 010-completion tool, 011-multi-fracture, 012-bottom hole, 013-inverted spectrum data curve of the hydraulic signal measured by pressure sensor A, 014-inverted spectrum data curve of the hydraulic signal measured by pressure sensor B, 015-noise point hydraulic signal reflection peak at the fracture, 016-wellhead device.

[0064] In (a) of FIG. 1, the multi-cluster and multi-fracture 011 in the well 008 and the reservoir 002 intersect, the distance between the pressure sensor 005 and the pressure sensor 006 is known as Δh, the pressure wave standard firing device 003 is connected with the wellhead device 016, the pressure sensor 005 and the pressure sensor 006 are respectively connected with the wellhead device 016, and the hydraulic signal data processing system is located on the ground 001 and connected with the two pressure sensors in sequence.

[0065] In (a) of FIG. 1, the pressure wave standard firing device 003 located on the ground 001 sends pressure waves to the well bottom 012, which propagate along the fluid 009, and reach the completion tool 010, the multi-cluster multi-fracture 011 and the well bottom 012 in sequence, respectively. The reflected hydraulic signals return to the wellhead along the fluid 009, and are monitored by the pressure sensor 005 and the pressure sensor 006. The pressure sensor sampling frequency and the sampling clock are synchronized, and the pressure sensor performs two frequency sampling (high frequency, low frequency). The hydraulic signals reflected to the wellhead are transmitted to the matching system by the two pressure sensors for real-time processing and feedback of pressure signal data, and the accurate position of the multi-cluster multi-fracture is obtained.

[0066] When the two pressure sensors are adjusted to high frequency sampling, the collected pressure data is normalized, and the cross-correlation method is used to calculate the time difference of the pressure wave received by the pressure sensor: according to the pipe distance Δh between the pressure sensors, the propagation speed v of the pressure wave in the ground acquisition system is calculated, and according to the pipe distance Δh between the pressure sensors and the pressure wave speed v, the time difference Δt between the pressure sensors is calculated.

[0067] When the two pressure sensors are adjusted to low frequency sampling, the same time window is used to calculate the cepstrum data of the wellbore pressure signal for the low frequency pressure data collected by the pressure sensor, and the hydraulic signal cepstrum diagram measured by the pressure sensor 005 (sensor A) and the pressure sensor 006 (sensor B) is obtained as shown in (b) of FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 3, the obtained cepstrum data of the pressure sensor 006 is shifted and superimposed according to the time difference Δt with the pressure sensor 005 as the standard. Since the pressure wave signal generated by the pressure wave standard firing device 003 is regular, the cepstrum data obtained by the hydraulic signals measured by the two pressure sensors is enhanced after shifting and superimposing. The water hammer effect generated by the ground start-stop pump and the noise generated by the casing perforation event are random, and there is a mutual cancellation phenomenon, so the cepstrum data at the end of (a) of FIG. 3 is cancelled after shifting, as shown in the end data of (b) of FIG. 3. The pressure signal cepstrum data is not enhanced. The signal processing method and data processing process used in FIG. 3 effectively enhance the multi-cluster multi-fracture hydraulic signal to be detected and reduce the interference signal.

[0068] The enhanced hydraulic signal cepstrum data is processed by using the long-short time window energy ratio method (i.e. STA / LTA) to find the reasonable interval of the cluster fracturing injection point reflection peak. The principle of the time window energy ratio is based on the fact that the background noise energy and the microseismic event time energy are very different. Therefore, by selecting two time windows of different lengths, a long time window and a short time window, the long time window contains a large amount of noise signal and relatively few microseismic effective signals, while the short time window contains less background noise and more microseismic effective event signals. The ratio R of the average value of the short time window (STA) and the length of the long time window (LTA) is used to reflect the degree of change of signal energy. The average energy value of the short time window (STA) is relatively large, and by comparing the average energy values of the two time windows, it can be roughly determined whether the signal has reached the crack interval, i.e. the first arrival point of the crack. R can be represented as:

[0069] where X(i) represents the recorded data in the short time window, i = 1, 2, 3…N; Y(j) represents the recorded data in the long time window, j = 1, 2, 3…M; M and N are the number of samples in the long and short time windows, respectively.

[0070] By comparing the average energy values of the two time windows, the reasonable interval of the cluster fracturing injection point reflection hydraulic signal can be roughly determined. When the hydraulic signal arrives, the STA value changes faster than the LTA value, and the R value has a clear increasing trend. When the R value exceeds the set threshold value (THR), this point is the effective signal for starting recording, and the last point before the R value starts to be less than the set threshold value is the reasonable interval of the multiple crack. Moreover, the shorter the STA time window, the more sensitive it is to detecting the hydraulic signal, but a too short time window may cause signal mispicking. To avoid this situation, the length of the short time window needs to be at least greater than the time window length corresponding to a peak signal. The longer the LTA time window, the more crack reflection hydraulic signals it can detect, and the more sensitive it is to monitoring the hydraulic signal, but a too long time window may be mispicked as a hydraulic signal reflected by a fracturing crack due to the strong noise during the day.

[0071] As shown in FIG. 4, the long-short time window energy ratio curve changing with time is obtained by the long-short time window energy ratio method. Long time window 1, long time window 2, long time window 3 and their corresponding short time window 1, short time window 2 and short time window 3 are selected as the data set for explanation and analysis. Selecting multiple sets of long-short time windows can compare different long-short time windows under different cepstrum information, and improve the accuracy of the reasonable interval of the crack reflection peak. The length of the time window can be determined according to experience. The long time window has the same length T, and the short time window has a length equal to the time window length corresponding to the peak signal at the point, which is t1, t2 and t3 respectively. It can be known that in one group, the long-short time window energy of this section is large, and the enhanced cepstrum data is positive, that is, the hydraulic reflection signal of this section can be regarded as the existence of proppant accumulation in the well bottom, casing well isolation device, casing diameter reduction position or wellbore; in groups 2 and 3, the enhanced cepstrum data is negative, which indicates that the hydraulic reflection signal of this section is generated by the hydraulic fracture in the well, casing expansion or casing defect, and the long-short time window energy ratio curve changing with time is obtained. It can be known that the energy ratio peak value is obviously gathered in the interval, which is the reasonable interval of the crack reflection peak.

[0072] Based on the obtained reasonable interval of the crack reflection peak, the AR-Akaike information criterion method is used to pick up the accurate position of the injection point reflection peak. The local or global minimum of information entropy can be determined as the accurate position of the reflection. The AR-Akaike information criterion is based on the concept of entropy, which can balance the complexity of the estimated model and the goodness of the model fitting data. Generally, it can be expressed as: AIC=2k-2ln(L)

[0073] Wherein: k is the number of parameters, and L is the likelihood function.

[0074] The assumption condition is that the model error follows an independent normal distribution. Let n be the number of observations, and SSR be the residual sum of squares. It is obtained that: AIC=2k+nln(SSR / n)

[0075] Increasing the number of free parameters improves the goodness of fitting. AIC encourages the goodness of data fitting but avoids overfitting as much as possible. Therefore, the model with the smallest AIC value should be considered first. Assuming that n models are selected, the AIC values of the n models can be calculated at one time, and the model corresponding to the minimum AIC value is selected as the selection object.

[0076] The effective threshold of the long-short time window energy ratio method is determined according to the identified liquid injection point reflection peak data. The threshold is adjusted by using the dichotomy method, and the above identification process is repeatedly performed at different time windows. If the number of identified liquid injection point reflection peaks is greater than the number of perforation clusters, the above process is stopped. The number of identified liquid injection point reflection peaks in the second-to-last identification of the stopping loop algorithm is the opening number of the multi-cluster fracture liquid injection point identified by the method. The number of identified reflection peaks closest to the number of perforation clusters is the effective threshold. The ratio of the number of reflection peaks identified by the effective threshold to the number of perforation clusters is the liquid injection point opening rate.

[0077] As shown in FIG. 5, based on the obtained long-short time energy ratio-time variation relationship, multiple thresholds are set by using the dichotomy method respectively. Assuming that the single-stage perforation cluster is 8 clusters, when at the set threshold 1, the number of peak values reaching the threshold is 10, which exceeds the number of perforation clusters, then two of the peak value data are not generated by the liquid injection point, and may be generated by the casing expansion or casing defect, so the positions of the 8-cluster liquid injection point cannot be accurately determined, and the threshold needs to be adjusted. When at the set threshold 2, the number of peak values reaching the threshold is 8, which is equal to the number of perforation clusters, then it can be determined that the 8 peak values are all signals generated at the liquid injection point, and the corresponding well depth is obtained by data processing of the 8 peak value signals, and the accurate position of the multi-cluster fracture and the liquid injection point opening rate are obtained. When at the set threshold 2-(n-1), the number of peak values is less than the number of perforation clusters 8, then the accurate position of the liquid injection point corresponding to the measured peak value signal in the threshold interval can be obtained. When at the set threshold n, there is no peak value reaching the threshold, there are two reasons: ① this section is not a construction section and the well bottom environment is good ② the threshold is set too high, and the threshold is appropriately reduced, and the above method is repeated until the peak value signal reaching the threshold is detected.

[0078] In the embodiment, the influence of water hammer caused by stopping or starting of the surface fracturing pump, noise from operating the surface fracturing pump, and flow noise in the wellbore is eliminated by superimposing the cepstrum data of multiple pressure sensors; the effective signal of the liquid injection point reflection peak is increased by superimposing the cepstrum data of multiple pressure sensors; the accurate time of the liquid injection point reflection peak is accurately found by the variable threshold long-short time window energy ratio and AR-AIC information entropy algorithm; and the opening rate of the multi-cluster fracture is evaluated based on the identification of the liquid injection point reflection peak. Further, the time delay between the signals of the two pressure sensors can be obtained according to the determined wave velocity, the effective signal is enhanced and the influence of random noise is suppressed by using the shift iteration method; and the multi-cluster fracture reflection signal is determined by using two steps of preliminary positioning and fine positioning. When collecting the hydraulic signal, the analog signal collection and Ethernet transmission are combined, and the lower computer software uses the alternating fast writing data mode of the buffer array to ensure the equidistant sampling and efficient transmission of data collection and transmission.

[0079] Based on the system for determining the open rate of multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of a well based on a hydraulic signal in any of the above embodiments, an embodiment of the present application further provides a method for determining the open rate of multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of a well based on a hydraulic signal. FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of the method for determining the open rate of multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of a well based on a hydraulic signal in an embodiment of the present application. Although the present application provides the method operation steps or device structures as described in the following embodiments or shown in the accompanying drawings, more or fewer operation steps or module units can be included in the method or device based on conventional or non-inventive labor. In steps or structures that do not have essential causal relationships in logic, the execution order of the steps or the module structure of the device is not limited to the execution order or module structure described in the embodiments of the present application and shown in the accompanying drawings. When the method or module structure is applied to actual device or terminal product, it can be sequentially executed or executed in parallel (for example, in a parallel processor or a multi-thread processing environment, or even a distributed processing environment) according to the method or module structure shown in the embodiments or the accompanying drawings.

[0080] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the method for determining the open rate of multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of a well based on a hydraulic signal provided by an embodiment of the present application can include the following steps.

[0081] Step S601: obtaining a preset distance, a first hydraulic signal and a second hydraulic signal.

[0082] Step S602: calculating the cepstrum data of the hydraulic signal based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal.

[0083] Step S603: determining the open rate of multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of a well according to the cepstrum data of the hydraulic signal.

[0084] In some embodiments of the present application, the first hydraulic signal includes a first high-frequency hydraulic signal and a first low-frequency hydraulic signal; the second hydraulic signal includes a second high-frequency hydraulic signal and a second low-frequency hydraulic signal; and correspondingly, calculating the cepstrum data of the hydraulic signal based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal includes: calculating the time difference between the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor based on the preset distance, the first high-frequency hydraulic signal and the second high-frequency hydraulic signal; calculating the first low-frequency hydraulic signal and the second low-frequency hydraulic signal using the same time window to obtain the first hydraulic signal cepstrum data and the second hydraulic signal cepstrum data; shifting the second hydraulic signal cepstrum data along the time axis by using the time difference, superimposing the shifted second hydraulic signal cepstrum data and the first hydraulic signal cepstrum data to obtain the cepstrum data of the hydraulic signal.

[0085] In some embodiments of the present application, the opening rate of the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well is determined according to the hydraulic signal cepstrum data, comprising: processing the hydraulic signal cepstrum data by using a long-short window energy ratio method to determine the position interval of the multiple injection point reflection peaks in the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well; determining the positions of the multiple injection point reflection peaks from the position interval of the multiple injection point reflection peaks by using an information criterion method; and determining the opening rate in the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing according to the peak value signals corresponding to the multiple injection point reflection peaks in the hydraulic signal cepstrum data.

[0086] In some embodiments of the present application, the position interval of the multiple injection point reflection peaks in the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well is determined by processing the hydraulic signal cepstrum data by using a long-short window energy ratio method, comprising: intercepting the hydraulic signal cepstrum data by using a long-time window and a short-time window, calculating the curve of the ratio between the average energy value of the long-time window and the average energy value of the short-time window changing with time, and determining the position interval of the multiple injection point reflection peaks in the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well based on the curve of the ratio between the average energy value of the long-time window and the average energy value of the short-time window changing with time.

[0087] In some embodiments of the present application, the positions of the multiple injection point reflection peaks are determined from the position interval of the multiple injection point reflection peaks by using an information criterion method, comprising: obtaining the number of perforation clusters and multiple preset thresholds; and determining the positions of the multiple injection point reflection peaks according to the number of the peak values reaching each of the multiple preset thresholds in the position interval of the multiple injection point reflection peaks and the number of perforation clusters.

[0088] Each of the embodiments in the present application is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment mainly describes the difference from other embodiments. For specific description, reference can be made to the description of the related processing embodiments described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0089] The above describes specific embodiments of the present application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the acts or steps recited in the claims can be performed in an order other than that in the embodiments and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown or sequential order to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing can be possible or advantageous.

[0090] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application further provides a device for determining the opening rate of multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of a fracturing well based on a hydraulic signal, as described in the following embodiment. Since the device for determining the opening rate of multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of a fracturing well based on a hydraulic signal has a similar problem-solving principle as the method for determining the opening rate of multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of a fracturing well based on a hydraulic signal, the implementation of the device for determining the opening rate of multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of a fracturing well based on a hydraulic signal can be referred to the implementation of the method for determining the opening rate of multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of a fracturing well based on a hydraulic signal, and the repeated parts will not be described herein. The term "unit" or "module" used below can be a combination of software and / or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiment is preferably implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated. FIG. 7 is a structural block diagram of the device for determining the opening rate of multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of a fracturing well based on a hydraulic signal according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 7, which comprises an acquisition module 701, a calculation module 702 and a determination module 703, and the structure will be described below.

[0091] The acquisition module 701 is configured to acquire a preset distance, a first hydraulic signal and a second hydraulic signal.

[0092] The calculation module 702 is configured to calculate the inverse spectrum data of the hydraulic signal based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal.

[0093] The determination module 703 is configured to determine the opening rate of multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of a fracturing well according to the inverse spectrum data of the hydraulic signal.

[0094] In some embodiments of the present application, the first hydraulic signal comprises a first high-frequency hydraulic signal and a first low-frequency hydraulic signal, and the second hydraulic signal comprises a second high-frequency hydraulic signal and a second low-frequency hydraulic signal. Correspondingly, the calculation module can be specifically configured to calculate the time difference between the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor based on the preset distance, the first high-frequency hydraulic signal and the second high-frequency hydraulic signal; calculate the first low-frequency hydraulic signal and the second low-frequency hydraulic signal using the same time window to obtain the first inverse spectrum data of the hydraulic signal and the second inverse spectrum data of the hydraulic signal; and shift the second inverse spectrum data of the hydraulic signal along the time axis by using the time difference, superimpose the shifted second inverse spectrum data of the hydraulic signal with the first inverse spectrum data of the hydraulic signal to obtain the inverse spectrum data of the hydraulic signal.

[0095] In some embodiments of the present application, the determination module can be specifically configured to determine the position interval of the multiple liquid injection point reflection peaks in the multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing of a fracturing well by processing the inverse spectrum data of the hydraulic signal using the long-short window energy ratio method; determine the positions of the multiple liquid injection point reflection peaks from the position interval of the multiple liquid injection point reflection peaks using the information criterion method; and determine the opening rate in the multi-stage and multi-cluster fracturing according to the peak value signals corresponding to the multiple liquid injection point reflection peaks in the inverse spectrum data of the hydraulic signal.

[0096] In some embodiments of the present application, the long-short window energy ratio method is used to process the hydraulic signal cepstrum data to determine the position interval of the multiple injection point reflection peaks in the multi-section multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well, including: using a long-time window and a short-time window to intercept the hydraulic signal cepstrum data, calculating the ratio curve between the average energy value of the long-time window and the average energy value of the short-time window changing with time; based on the ratio curve between the average energy value of the long-time window and the average energy value of the short-time window changing with time, the position interval of the multiple injection point reflection peaks in the multi-section multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well is determined.

[0097] In some embodiments of the present application, the information criterion method is used to determine the positions of the multiple injection point reflection peaks from the position interval of the multiple injection point reflection peaks, including: obtaining the number of perforation clusters and multiple preset thresholds; according to the number of perforation clusters and the number of peak values reaching each preset threshold in the position interval of the multiple injection point reflection peaks, the positions of the multiple injection point reflection peaks are determined.

[0098] From the above description, it can be seen that the embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects: by using the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor with the same sampling frequency and sampling clock to detect the wellhead liquid pressure, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal can be obtained, since the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor have a preset distance, the hydraulic signal cepstrum data can be enhanced based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, which is convenient for distinguishing multiple close-range reflection wave peaks in a strong noise background, so that the opening rate of multi-section multi-cluster fracturing can be effectively and accurately evaluated, which provides key technical support for fracturing well segmented multi-cluster fracturing process optimization and post-fracturing evaluation.

[0099] The present application also provides a computer device, which can specifically refer to the computer device composition structure schematic diagram based on the method for determining the opening rate of multi-section multi-cluster fracturing of a fracturing well based on hydraulic signals provided by the embodiments of the present application shown in FIG. 8. The computer device can specifically include an input device 81, a processor 82 and a memory 83. The memory 83 is used to store processor executable instructions. The processor 82 executes the instructions to implement the steps of the method for determining the opening rate of multi-section multi-cluster fracturing of a fracturing well based on hydraulic signals in any of the above embodiments.

[0100] In the embodiment, the input device can specifically be one of the main devices for information exchange between the user and the computer system. The input device can include a keyboard, a mouse, a camera, a scanner, a light pen, a handwriting input board, a voice input device, etc.; the input device is used to input raw data and programs for processing the data into the computer. The input device can also obtain data transmitted by other modules, units, devices. The processor can be implemented in any appropriate manner. For example, the processor can take the form of, for example, a microprocessor or a processor and a computer readable medium storing computer readable program code (for example, software or firmware) executable by the (micro)processor, logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers, and the like. The memory can specifically be a memory device for storing information in modern information technology. The memory can include multiple levels, and in a digital system, as long as it can store binary data, it can be a memory; in an integrated circuit, a circuit without a physical form with a storage function is also called a memory, such as RAM, FIFO, etc.; in a system, a storage device with a physical form is also called a memory, such as a memory stick, a TF card, etc.

[0101] In the embodiment, the functions and effects realized by the computer device can be explained in comparison with other embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0102] The application also provides a computer storage medium for determining the opening rate of multiple segments and multiple clusters of a fractured well based on a hydraulic signal, which stores computer program instructions. When the computer program instructions are executed, the steps of the method for determining the opening rate of multiple segments and multiple clusters of a fractured well based on a hydraulic signal in any of the above embodiments are realized.

[0103] In the embodiment, the storage medium includes but is not limited to random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), cache, hard disk drive (HDD), or memory card. The memory can be used to store computer program instructions. The network communication unit can be an interface set according to the standard of the communication protocol, used for network connection communication.

[0104] In the embodiment, the functions and effects realized by the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium can be explained in comparison with other embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0105] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the modules or steps of the embodiments of this application described above can be implemented using general-purpose computing devices. They can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. Optionally, they can be implemented using computer-executable program code, thereby storing them in a storage device for execution by a computing device. In some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in a different order than those presented here, or they can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the embodiments of this application are not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0106] It should be understood that the above description is for illustrative purposes and not for limitation. Many embodiments and applications beyond the provided examples will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of this application should not be determined by reference to the above description, but rather by reference to the foregoing claims and the full scope of their equivalents.

[0107] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A system for determining a multi-stage, multi-cluster opening rate of a fractured well based on hydraulic signals, the system comprising: The system comprises: a wellhead device installed at the wellhead of a fracturing well; a pressure wave standard excitation device arranged on the ground and connected with the wellhead device, used for emitting pressure waves propagating along the fluid in the fracturing well to the bottom of the fracturing well, the pressure waves reaching multiple clusters of multiple fractures and inter-stage packer tools or multiple clusters of multiple fractures and the bottom of the fracturing well in turn; a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor connected with the wellhead device; the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor have the same sampling frequency and sampling clock; the first pressure sensor is used for sampling the reflected pressure waves to obtain a first hydraulic signal; the second pressure sensor is used for sampling the reflected pressure waves to obtain a second hydraulic signal; the pipe distance between the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor is a preset distance; and a hydraulic signal data processing device in communication connection with the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor, used for acquiring the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, and further used for determining the opening rate of the multiple-stage and multiple-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal.

2. The system for determining a multi-zone, multi-cluster opening ratio of a fractured well based on hydraulic signals of claim 1, wherein, The first hydraulic signal comprises a first high-frequency hydraulic signal and a first low-frequency hydraulic signal; the second hydraulic signal comprises a second high-frequency hydraulic signal and a second low-frequency hydraulic signal; the first high-frequency hydraulic signal and the first low-frequency hydraulic signal are detected by high-frequency sampling and low-frequency sampling of the first pressure sensor respectively; and the second high-frequency hydraulic signal and the second low-frequency hydraulic signal are detected by high-frequency sampling and low-frequency sampling of the second pressure sensor respectively.

3. The system for determining a multistage, multitrajectory proppant pack conductivity of a fractured well based on hydraulic signals of claim 1, wherein, The hydraulic signal data processing device is installed with lower computer software and upper computer software; the hydraulic signal data processing device comprises a lower computer deployed near the wellhead, an upper computer deployed in a barrack and a network cable and a power line used for connecting the lower computer and the upper computer; the lower computer software adopts pressure analog signals for high-frequency equidistant real-time sampling; and the lower computer software and the upper computer software complete data transmission by using a non-real-time Ethernet communication protocol.

4. The system for determining a multi-zone, multi-cluster opening ratio of a fractured well based on hydraulic signals of claim 3, wherein, The lower computer software is used for setting a first buffer array, a second buffer array and a third buffer array; wherein the first buffer array is used for non-real-time reading of the upper computer software; the second buffer array and the third buffer array are used for writing data to be collected; and During the collection, the lower computer software repeatedly performs the following process: when the second buffer array is filled, the data in the second buffer array is copied to the first buffer array, and then data is written to the third buffer array; when the third buffer array is filled, the data in the third buffer array is copied to the first buffer array, and then data is written to the second buffer array.

5. A method for determining a multi-stage multi-cluster opening rate of a fractured well based on a hydraulic signal, characterized in that, The method is applied to the system of any one of claims 1 to 4, and the method comprises: acquiring a preset distance, a first hydraulic signal and a second hydraulic signal; calculating hydraulic signal cepstrum data based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal; and According to the hydraulic signal cepstrum data, an open rate of the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well is determined.

6. The method for determining a multi-zone, multi-cluster opening ratio of a fractured well based on a hydraulic signal of claim 5, wherein, The first hydraulic signal includes a first high-frequency hydraulic signal and a first low-frequency hydraulic signal; and the second hydraulic signal includes a second high-frequency hydraulic signal and a second low-frequency hydraulic signal. Correspondingly, based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal, the hydraulic signal cepstrum data is calculated, including: Based on the preset distance, the first high-frequency hydraulic signal and the second high-frequency hydraulic signal, a time difference between the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor is calculated; The first low-frequency hydraulic signal and the second low-frequency hydraulic signal are calculated by using the same time window to obtain first hydraulic signal cepstrum data and second hydraulic signal cepstrum data; and The second hydraulic signal cepstrum data is translated along a time axis by using the time difference, and the translated second hydraulic signal cepstrum data is superimposed with the first hydraulic signal cepstrum data to obtain hydraulic signal cepstrum data.

7. The method for determining a multi-zone, multi-cluster opening ratio of a fractured well based on a hydraulic signal of claim 5, wherein, According to the hydraulic signal cepstrum data, an open rate of the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well is determined, including: The hydraulic signal cepstrum data is processed by using a long-short window energy ratio method to determine a position interval of a plurality of injection point reflection peaks in the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well; The positions of the plurality of injection point reflection peaks are determined from the position interval of the plurality of injection point reflection peaks by using an information criterion method; and According to peak signals corresponding to the plurality of injection point reflection peaks in the hydraulic signal cepstrum data, an open rate in the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing is determined.

8. The method for determining a multi-zone, multi-cluster opening ratio of a fractured well based on a hydraulic signal according to claim 7, wherein, The hydraulic signal cepstrum data is processed by using a long-short window energy ratio method to determine a position interval of a plurality of injection point reflection peaks in the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well, including: The hydraulic signal cepstrum data is intercepted by using a long time window and a short time window, a curve of a ratio between an average energy value of the long time window and an average energy value of the short time window changing with time is calculated; and Based on the curve of the ratio between the average energy value of the long time window and the average energy value of the short time window changing with time, the position interval of the plurality of injection point reflection peaks in the multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of the fracturing well is determined.

9. The method for determining a multi-zone, multi-cluster opening ratio of a fractured well based on a hydraulic signal of claim 7, wherein, The positions of the plurality of injection point reflection peaks are determined from the position interval of the plurality of injection point reflection peaks by using an information criterion method, including: A number of perforation clusters and a plurality of preset thresholds are obtained; and According to a number of peaks reaching each preset threshold in the plurality of preset thresholds in the position interval of the plurality of injection point reflection peaks and the number of perforation clusters, the positions of the plurality of injection point reflection peaks are determined.

10. An apparatus for determining a multi-stage multi-cluster opening rate of a fractured well based on a hydraulic signal, the apparatus comprising: The device is applied to the system of any one of claims 1 to 4, and the device comprises: An acquisition module is configured to acquire a preset distance, a first hydraulic signal and a second hydraulic signal; A calculation module is configured to calculate hydraulic signal cepstrum data based on the preset distance, the first hydraulic signal and the second hydraulic signal; and A determination module is configured to determine an open rate of multi-section and multi-cluster fracturing of a fracturing well according to the hydraulic signal cepstrum data.

11. A computer device, comprising: The device comprises a processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, and the processor executes the instructions to implement the steps of the method of any one of claims 5 to 9. The device comprises a processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, and the processor executes the instructions to implement the steps of the method of any one of claims 5 to 9.

12. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions, wherein, The instructions, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the method of any one of claims 5 to 9.

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