Method for identifying aging degree of subject or tissue or organ thereof, and for evaluating effect of Anti-aging interventions

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for identifying the aging degree of a subject or a tissue or organ thereof, and for evaluating the effect of anti-aging interventions. Specifically, provided is a method for identifying the aging degree of a subject or a cell, tissue or organ thereof, or for evaluating the biological age of the subject or diagnosing premature aging disorders, which method predicts the aging status of a tissue or organ of a subject on the basis of the levels of DNA methylation, gene transcripts, proteins or metabolites. The present invention further relates to the use of metformin in the preparation of a drug for treating, preventing or delaying aging-related diseases or conditions in primates, preferably humans.

Description

Method for identifying the aging degree of a subject or its tissue or organ and evaluating the effect of an aging intervention TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of biological medicine. Specifically, the present application provides a method for identifying the aging degree of a subject or its cells, tissues or organs, and a method for systematically evaluating the effect of an aging intervention strategy. More specifically, the present application relates to a method for detecting intervention of whole-body aging-related indicators and systematic analysis of "multi-dimensional aging clocks", including multiple dimensions such as epigenetic groups, transcriptome groups, proteome groups, metabolome groups and phenotype groups of multiple tissues in the whole body, and taking metformin (Met) as an example to analyze the intervention effect. BACKGROUND

[0002] Aging is an asymptotic process that leads to tissue dysfunction and physiological decline, and eventually induces neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes and other aging-related diseases.

[0003] With the promotion of high-throughput omics technology, it is now possible to use new generation tools to quantify the aging rate at molecular resolution. Multi-dimensional omics data such as epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and phenomics can be combined with machine learning to construct "aging clocks", which can be used to determine whether aging intervention measures are effective for aging-related diseases. However, the aging clock based on multi-dimensional omics and single-cell transcriptomics has not been applied to a model of metformin intervention.

[0004] Metformin is a first-line drug for treating type II diabetes, with the chemical formula C4H 11 N5, which shows the potential to delay physiological aging in various model animals such as nematodes, fruit flies and mice. Previous studies have also shown that metformin has the potential to delay the aging of human cells. In addition, retrospective studies have shown that metformin seems to reduce the mortality rate of diabetic patients. However, it is not yet known whether metformin can delay physiological aging in primates and improve the occurrence and development of aging-related diseases, and there is no systematic evaluation method.

[0005] Therefore, the present application provides a method for identifying the aging degree of a subject or its cells, tissues or organs, and takes metformin as an example to establish a systematic evaluation method for the effect of multi-dimensional aging intervention from the molecular, cellular, tissue and individual levels, and applies it to the evaluation of the effect of metformin on whole-body aging intervention in primates. SUMMARY

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method of identifying the degree of aging of a subject or a cell, tissue or organ thereof, or assessing the biological age of a subject or aiding in the diagnosis of a subject for the presence of premature aging, or assessing the degree of aging of an isolated animal cell or cell population, comprising:

[0007] 1) determining the level of one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein or metabolite for determining biological age in a sample from the subject, to obtain a measurement of the one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein or metabolite;

[0008] 2) inputting the measurement of the one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein or metabolite into an aging clock model to obtain one or more of the following biological ages:

[0009] (a) DNA methylation-based biological age;

[0010] (b) transcriptome-based biological age;

[0011] (c) plasma proteome-based biological age; and / or

[0012] (d) plasma metabolome-based biological age;

[0013] and optionally

[0014] 3) comparing the determined biological age with the chronological age of the subject, thereby identifying the degree of aging of the subject or a cell, tissue or organ thereof or aiding in the diagnosis of a subject for the presence of premature aging.

[0015] In some embodiments, the method further comprises the following step before step 1): obtaining a biological sample from the subject.

[0016] In some embodiments, the aging clock model is a DNA methylation aging clock model, a transcriptome aging clock model, a plasma proteome aging clock model or a plasma metabolome aging clock model.

[0017] In some embodiments, the subject is a mammal, for example a primate. In some embodiments, the primate is a monkey, such as a rhesus monkey, cynomolgus monkey, macaque, etc., an ape, such as a chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan. Preferably, the primate is a laboratory animal. In some embodiments, the subject is a human.

[0018] In some embodiments, the sites of DNA methylation determined include the methylation sites listed in any one of Tables 1-7.

[0019] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the brain, wherein the sample is a frontal lobe sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 5 methylation sites listed in Table 1, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the 6th-20th methylation sites.

[0020] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the brain, wherein the sample is a frontal lobe sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 6 methylation sites listed in Table 1, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the 7th-20th methylation sites.

[0021] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the brain, wherein the sample is a frontal lobe sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 7 methylation sites listed in Table 1, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the 8th-20th methylation sites.

[0022] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the brain, wherein the sample is a frontal lobe sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 8 methylation sites listed in Table 1, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the 9th-20th methylation sites.

[0023] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the brain, wherein the sample is a frontal lobe sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 9 methylation sites listed in Table 1, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the 10th-20th methylation sites.

[0024] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the brain, wherein the sample is a frontal lobe sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 10 methylation sites listed in Table 1, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the 11th-20th methylation sites.

[0025] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the brain, wherein the sample is a frontal lobe sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 11 methylation sites listed in Table 1, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 12th-20th methylation sites.

[0026] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the brain, wherein the sample is a frontal lobe sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 12 methylation sites listed in Table 1, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 13th-20th methylation sites.

[0027] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the brain, wherein the sample is a frontal lobe sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 13 methylation sites listed in Table 1, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20th methylation sites.

[0028] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the brain, wherein the sample is a frontal lobe sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 14 methylation sites listed in Table 1, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20th methylation sites.

[0029] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the brain, wherein the sample is a frontal lobe sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 15 methylation sites listed in Table 1, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20th methylation sites.

[0030] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the brain, wherein the sample is a frontal lobe sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 16 methylation sites listed in Table 1, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20th methylation sites.

[0031] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the brain, wherein the sample is a frontal lobe sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 17 methylation sites listed in Table 1, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20th methylation sites.

[0032] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the brain, wherein the sample is a frontal lobe sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the first 18 methylation sites listed in Table 1, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20th methylation sites.

[0033] In some preferred embodiments, the sites of DNA methylation determined include the first 10, preferably the first 11, more preferably the first 12, still more preferably the first 13, still more preferably the first 14, still more preferably the first 15, still more preferably the first 16, still more preferably the first 17, still more preferably the first 18, still more preferably the first 19, most preferably all 20 methylation sites listed in Table 1.

[0034] Table 1

[0035] In some embodiments, the present application provides a DNA methylation microarray for identifying the degree of aging of the brain, for determining the level of DNA methylation at a panel of DNA methylation sites, which are the sites described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of DNA methylation in a frontal lobe sample.

[0036] In some embodiments, the present application provides a DNA methylation kit for identifying the degree of aging of the brain, comprising reagents for determining the level of DNA methylation at a panel of DNA methylation sites, which are the sites described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of DNA methylation in a frontal lobe sample.

[0037] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the kidney, wherein the sample is a kidney tissue sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the first 5 methylation sites listed in Table 2, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the 6th-20th methylation sites.

[0038] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the kidney, wherein the sample is a kidney tissue sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the first 6 methylation sites listed in Table 2, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the 7th-20th methylation sites.

[0039] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the kidney, wherein the sample is a kidney tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 7 methylation sites listed in Table 2, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the methylation sites in the 8th-20th methylation sites.

[0040] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the kidney, wherein the sample is a kidney tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 8 methylation sites listed in Table 2, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the methylation sites in the 9th-20th methylation sites.

[0041] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the kidney, wherein the sample is a kidney tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 9 methylation sites listed in Table 2, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the methylation sites in the 10th-20th methylation sites.

[0042] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the kidney, wherein the sample is a kidney tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 10 methylation sites listed in Table 2, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the methylation sites in the 11th-20th methylation sites.

[0043] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the kidney, wherein the sample is a kidney tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 11 methylation sites listed in Table 2, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the methylation sites in the 12th-20th methylation sites.

[0044] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the kidney, wherein the sample is a kidney tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 12 methylation sites listed in Table 2, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the methylation sites in the 13th-20th methylation sites.

[0045] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the kidney, wherein the sample is a kidney tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 13 methylation sites listed in Table 2, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the methylation sites in the 14th-20th methylation sites.

[0046] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the kidney, wherein the sample is a kidney tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 14 methylation sites listed in Table 2, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20th methylation sites.

[0047] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the kidney, wherein the sample is a kidney tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 15 methylation sites listed in Table 2, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20th methylation sites.

[0048] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the kidney, wherein the sample is a kidney tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 16 methylation sites listed in Table 2, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20th methylation sites.

[0049] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the kidney, wherein the sample is a kidney tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 17 methylation sites listed in Table 2, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20th methylation sites.

[0050] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the kidney, wherein the sample is a kidney tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 18 methylation sites listed in Table 2, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20th methylation sites.

[0051] In some preferred embodiments, the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 10, preferably the first 11, more preferably the first 12, still more preferably the first 13, still more preferably the first 14, still more preferably the first 15, still more preferably the first 16, still more preferably the first 17, still more preferably the first 18, still more preferably the first 19, most preferably all 20 methylation sites listed in Table 2.

[0052] Table 2

[0053] In some embodiments, the present application provides a DNA methylation microarray for identifying the degree of aging of a liver, for determining the DNA methylation level at a panel of DNA methylation sites, which are the sites described in any of the above embodiments for determining the DNA methylation level of a liver sample.

[0054] In some embodiments, the present application provides a DNA methylation kit for identifying the degree of aging of a liver, comprising reagents for determining the DNA methylation level at a panel of DNA methylation sites, which are the sites described in any of the above embodiments for determining the DNA methylation level of a liver sample.

[0055] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a liver, wherein the sample is a liver tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 5 methylation sites listed in Table 3, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the 6th-20th methylation sites.

[0056] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a liver, wherein the sample is a liver tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 6 methylation sites listed in Table 3, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the 7th-20th methylation sites.

[0057] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a liver, wherein the sample is a liver tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 7 methylation sites listed in Table 3, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the 8th-20th methylation sites.

[0058] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a liver, wherein the sample is a liver tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 8 methylation sites listed in Table 3, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the 9th-20th methylation sites.

[0059] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the liver, wherein the sample is a liver tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 9 methylation sites listed in Table 3, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the methylation sites in the 10th-20th methylation sites.

[0060] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the liver, wherein the sample is a liver tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 10 methylation sites listed in Table 3, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the methylation sites in the 11th-20th methylation sites.

[0061] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the liver, wherein the sample is a liver tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 11 methylation sites listed in Table 3, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the methylation sites in the 12th-20th methylation sites.

[0062] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the liver, wherein the sample is a liver tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 12 methylation sites listed in Table 3, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the methylation sites in the 13th-20th methylation sites.

[0063] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the liver, wherein the sample is a liver tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 13 methylation sites listed in Table 3, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the methylation sites in the 14th-20th methylation sites.

[0064] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the liver, wherein the sample is a liver tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 14 methylation sites listed in Table 3, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the methylation sites in the 15th-20th methylation sites.

[0065] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the liver, wherein the sample is a liver tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 15 methylation sites listed in Table 3, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the methylation sites in the 16th-20th methylation sites.

[0066] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the liver, wherein the sample is a liver tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 16 methylation sites listed in Table 3, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20th methylation sites.

[0067] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the liver, wherein the sample is a liver tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 17 methylation sites listed in Table 3, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20th methylation sites.

[0068] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the liver, wherein the sample is a liver tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 18 methylation sites listed in Table 3, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20th methylation sites.

[0069] In some preferred embodiments, the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 10, preferably the first 11, more preferably the first 12, still more preferably the first 13, still more preferably the first 14, still more preferably the first 15, still more preferably the first 16, still more preferably the first 17, still more preferably the first 18, still more preferably the first 19, most preferably all 20 methylation sites listed in Table 3.

[0070] Table 3

[0071] In some embodiments, the present application provides a DNA methylation microarray for identifying the degree of aging of the liver for determining the level of DNA methylation at a panel of DNA methylation sites as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of DNA methylation in a liver sample.

[0072] In some embodiments, the present application provides a DNA methylation kit for identifying the degree of aging of the liver comprising reagents for determining the level of DNA methylation at a panel of DNA methylation sites as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of DNA methylation in a liver sample.

[0073] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the lung, wherein the sample is a lung tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 5 methylation sites listed in Table 4, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the 19th-19th methylation sites.

[0074] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the lung, wherein the sample is a lung tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 6 methylation sites listed in Table 4, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the 19th-19th methylation sites.

[0075] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the lung, wherein the sample is a lung tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 7 methylation sites listed in Table 4, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the 19th-19th methylation sites.

[0076] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the lung, wherein the sample is a lung tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 8 methylation sites listed in Table 4, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the 19th-19th methylation sites.

[0077] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the lung, wherein the sample is a lung tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 9 methylation sites listed in Table 4, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the 19th-19th methylation sites.

[0078] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the lung, wherein the sample is a lung tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 10 methylation sites listed in Table 4, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 19th-19th methylation sites.

[0079] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the lung, wherein the sample is a lung tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 11 methylation sites listed in Table 4, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 19th-19th methylation sites.

[0080] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the lung, wherein the sample is a lung tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 12 methylation sites listed in Table 4, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 13th-19th methylation sites.

[0081] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the lung, wherein the sample is a lung tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 13 methylation sites listed in Table 4, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 14th-19th methylation sites.

[0082] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the lung, wherein the sample is a lung tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 14 methylation sites listed in Table 4, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 15th-19th methylation sites.

[0083] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the lung, wherein the sample is a lung tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 15 methylation sites listed in Table 4, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 16th-19th methylation sites.

[0084] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the lung, wherein the sample is a lung tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 16 methylation sites listed in Table 4, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 17th-19th methylation sites.

[0085] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the lung, wherein the sample is a lung tissue sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 17 methylation sites listed in Table 4, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 18th-19th methylation sites.

[0086] In some preferred embodiments, the determined sites of DNA methylation include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, most preferably all 19 methylation sites listed in Table 4.

[0087] Table 4

[0088] In some embodiments, the present application provides a DNA methylation microarray for identifying the degree of aging of the lung for determining the DNA methylation level at a panel of DNA methylation sites, which are the sites described in any of the above embodiments for determining the DNA methylation level of a lung tissue sample.

[0089] In some embodiments, the present application provides a DNA methylation kit for identifying the degree of aging of the lung comprising reagents for determining the DNA methylation level at a panel of DNA methylation sites, which are the sites described in any of the above embodiments for determining the DNA methylation level of a lung tissue sample.

[0090] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of lower limb muscle tissue, e.g., quadriceps femoris muscle. In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of quadriceps femoris muscle, wherein the sample is a quadriceps femoris muscle sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 5 methylation sites listed in Table 5, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the 6th-20th methylation sites.

[0091] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of quadriceps femoris muscle, wherein the sample is a quadriceps femoris muscle sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 6 methylation sites listed in Table 5, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the 7th-20th methylation sites.

[0092] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of quadriceps femoris muscle, wherein the sample is a quadriceps femoris muscle sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 7 methylation sites listed in Table 5, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the 8th-20th methylation sites.

[0093] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of quadriceps femoris muscle, wherein the sample is a quadriceps femoris muscle sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 8 methylation sites listed in Table 5, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the 9th-20th methylation sites.

[0094] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the quadriceps muscle, wherein the sample is a quadriceps muscle sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 9 methylation sites listed in Table 5, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the methylation sites in the 10th-20th methylation sites.

[0095] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the quadriceps muscle, wherein the sample is a quadriceps muscle sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 10 methylation sites listed in Table 5, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the methylation sites in the 11th-20th methylation sites.

[0096] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the quadriceps muscle, wherein the sample is a quadriceps muscle sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 11 methylation sites listed in Table 5, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the methylation sites in the 12th-20th methylation sites.

[0097] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the quadriceps muscle, wherein the sample is a quadriceps muscle sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 12 methylation sites listed in Table 5, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the methylation sites in the 13th-20th methylation sites.

[0098] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the quadriceps muscle, wherein the sample is a quadriceps muscle sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 13 methylation sites listed in Table 5, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the methylation sites in the 14th-20th methylation sites.

[0099] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the quadriceps muscle, wherein the sample is a quadriceps muscle sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 14 methylation sites listed in Table 5, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the methylation sites in the 15th-20th methylation sites.

[0100] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the quadriceps muscle, wherein the sample is a quadriceps muscle sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 15 methylation sites listed in Table 5, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the methylation sites in the 16th-20th methylation sites.

[0101] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the quadriceps muscle, wherein the sample is a quadriceps muscle sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the first 16 methylation sites listed in Table 5, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20th methylation sites.

[0102] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the quadriceps muscle, wherein the sample is a quadriceps muscle sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the first 17 methylation sites listed in Table 5, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20th methylation sites.

[0103] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the quadriceps muscle, wherein the sample is a quadriceps muscle sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the first 18 methylation sites listed in Table 5, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20th methylation sites.

[0104] In some preferred embodiments, the sites of DNA methylation determined include the first 10, preferably the first 11, more preferably the first 12, still more preferably the first 13, still more preferably the first 14, still more preferably the first 15, still more preferably the first 16, still more preferably the first 17, still more preferably the first 18, still more preferably the first 19, most preferably all 20 methylation sites listed in Table 5.

[0105] Table 5

[0106] In some embodiments, the present application provides a DNA methylation microarray for identifying the degree of aging of the quadriceps muscle, for determining the level of DNA methylation at a panel of DNA methylation sites as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of DNA methylation in a quadriceps muscle tissue sample.

[0107] In some embodiments, the present application provides a DNA methylation kit for identifying the degree of aging of the quadriceps muscle, comprising reagents for determining the level of DNA methylation at a panel of DNA methylation sites as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of DNA methylation in a quadriceps muscle tissue sample.

[0108] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the digestive tract, e.g., the intestinal tract. In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the jejunum, wherein the sample is taken from the jejunum, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 5 methylation sites listed in Table 6, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the methylation sites in the 6th-20th methylation sites.

[0109] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the jejunum, wherein the sample is taken from the jejunum, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 6 methylation sites listed in Table 6, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the methylation sites in the 7th-20th methylation sites.

[0110] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the jejunum, wherein the sample is taken from the jejunum, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 7 methylation sites listed in Table 6, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the methylation sites in the 8th-20th methylation sites.

[0111] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the jejunum, wherein the sample is taken from the jejunum, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 8 methylation sites listed in Table 6, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the methylation sites in the 9th-20th methylation sites.

[0112] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the jejunum, wherein the sample is taken from the jejunum, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 9 methylation sites listed in Table 6, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the methylation sites in the 10th-20th methylation sites.

[0113] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the jejunum, wherein the sample is taken from the jejunum, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 10 methylation sites listed in Table 6, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the methylation sites in the 11th-20th methylation sites.

[0114] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the jejunum, wherein the sample is taken from the jejunum, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 11 methylation sites listed in Table 6, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 12th-20th methylation sites.

[0115] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the jejunum, wherein the sample is taken from the jejunum, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 12 methylation sites listed in Table 6, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 13th-20th methylation sites.

[0116] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the jejunum, wherein the sample is taken from the jejunum, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 13 methylation sites listed in Table 6, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20th methylation sites.

[0117] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the jejunum, wherein the sample is taken from the jejunum, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 14 methylation sites listed in Table 6, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20th methylation sites.

[0118] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the jejunum, wherein the sample is taken from the jejunum, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 15 methylation sites listed in Table 6, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20th methylation sites.

[0119] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the jejunum, wherein the sample is taken from the jejunum, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 16 methylation sites listed in Table 6, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20th methylation sites.

[0120] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the jejunum, wherein the sample is taken from the jejunum, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 17 methylation sites listed in Table 6, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20th methylation sites.

[0121] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the jejunum, wherein the sample is taken from the jejunum, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the first 18 methylation sites listed in Table 6, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20th methylation sites.

[0122] In some preferred embodiments, the sites of DNA methylation determined include the first 10, preferably the first 11, more preferably the first 12, still more preferably the first 13, still more preferably the first 14, still more preferably the first 15, still more preferably the first 16, still more preferably the first 17, still more preferably the first 18, still more preferably the first 19, most preferably all 20 methylation sites listed in Table 6.

[0123] Table 6

[0124] In some embodiments, the present application provides a DNA methylation microarray for identifying the degree of aging of the jejunum for determining the level of DNA methylation at a panel of DNA methylation sites as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of DNA methylation in a jejunum tissue sample.

[0125] In some embodiments, the present application provides a DNA methylation kit for identifying the degree of aging of the jejunum comprising reagents for determining the level of DNA methylation at a panel of DNA methylation sites as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of DNA methylation in a jejunum tissue sample.

[0126] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the skin. In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the forehead skin, wherein the sample is a forehead skin sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the first 5 methylation sites listed in Table 7, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the 6th-19th methylation sites.

[0127] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the forehead skin, wherein the sample is a forehead skin sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the first 6 methylation sites listed in Table 7, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the 7th-19th methylation sites.

[0128] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of forehead skin, wherein the sample is a forehead skin sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 7 methylation sites listed in Table 7, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, or 19 of the methylation sites listed in Table 7.

[0129] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of forehead skin, wherein the sample is a forehead skin sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 8 methylation sites listed in Table 7, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the methylation sites listed in Table 7.

[0130] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of forehead skin, wherein the sample is a forehead skin sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 9 methylation sites listed in Table 7, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the methylation sites listed in Table 7.

[0131] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of forehead skin, wherein the sample is a forehead skin sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 10 methylation sites listed in Table 7, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the methylation sites listed in Table 7.

[0132] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of forehead skin, wherein the sample is a forehead skin sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 11 methylation sites listed in Table 7, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the methylation sites listed in Table 7.

[0133] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of forehead skin, wherein the sample is a forehead skin sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 12 methylation sites listed in Table 7, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the methylation sites listed in Table 7.

[0134] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of forehead skin, wherein the sample is a forehead skin sample, and the sites of DNA methylation determined include the top 13 methylation sites listed in Table 7, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the methylation sites listed in Table 7.

[0135] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of forehead skin, wherein the sample is a forehead skin sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 14 methylation sites listed in Table 7, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 15th- 19th methylation sites.

[0136] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of forehead skin, wherein the sample is a forehead skin sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 15 methylation sites listed in Table 7, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 16th- 19th methylation sites.

[0137] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of forehead skin, wherein the sample is a forehead skin sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 16 methylation sites listed in Table 7, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 17th- 19th methylation sites.

[0138] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of forehead skin, wherein the sample is a forehead skin sample, and the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 17 methylation sites listed in Table 7, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 18th- 19th methylation sites.

[0139] In some preferred embodiments, the determined sites of DNA methylation include the first 10, preferably the first 11, more preferably the first 12, still more preferably the first 13, still more preferably the first 14, still more preferably the first 15, still more preferably the first 16, still more preferably the first 17, still more preferably the first 18, most preferably all 19 methylation sites listed in Table 7.

[0140] Table 7

[0141] In some embodiments, the present application provides a DNA methylation microarray for identifying the degree of aging of forehead skin for determining the level of DNA methylation at a panel of DNA methylation sites as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of DNA methylation in a forehead skin tissue sample.

[0142] In some embodiments, the present application provides a DNA methylation kit for identifying the degree of aging of forehead skin, comprising reagents for determining the DNA methylation level of a set of DNA methylation sites, which are the sites described in any of the above embodiments for determining the DNA methylation level of a forehead skin tissue sample.

[0143] In some embodiments, the determined transcriptomic gene sites comprise the transcriptomic gene sites listed in any one of Tables 8-49.

[0144] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of subcutaneous tissue. In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal subcutaneous tissue, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites comprise the top 5 genes listed in Table 8, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0145] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal subcutaneous tissue, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites comprise the top 6 genes listed in Table 8, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0146] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal subcutaneous tissue, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites comprise the top 7 genes listed in Table 8, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0147] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal subcutaneous tissue, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites comprise the top 8 genes listed in Table 8, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the genes from 9-20.

[0148] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal subcutaneous tissue, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites comprise the top 9 genes listed in Table 8, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the genes from 10-20.

[0149] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal subcutaneous tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 8, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0150] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal subcutaneous tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 8, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0151] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal subcutaneous tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 8, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0152] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal subcutaneous tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 8, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0153] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal subcutaneous tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 8, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0154] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal subcutaneous tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 8, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0155] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal subcutaneous tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 8, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0156] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal subcutaneous tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 8, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0157] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal subcutaneous tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 8, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0158] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 8.

[0159] Table 8

[0160] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, which is used to measure the transcript level of a group of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript level of a sample of abdominal subcutaneous tissue.

[0161] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of abdominal subcutaneous tissue, comprising reagents for measuring the transcript level of a group of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript level of a sample of abdominal subcutaneous tissue.

[0162] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a tendon or ligament. In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the Achilles tendon, wherein the sample is taken from the Achilles tendon, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 5 genes listed in Table 9, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 6th-10thgenes.

[0163] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the Achilles tendon, wherein the sample is taken from the Achilles tendon, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 6 genes listed in Table 9, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, four of the 7th-10thgenes.

[0164] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the Achilles tendon, wherein the sample is taken from the Achilles tendon, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 7 genes listed in Table 9, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 8th-10thgenes.

[0165] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the Achilles tendon, wherein the sample is taken from the Achilles tendon, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 9, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 9th-10thgenes.

[0166] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 5, preferably the top 6, more preferably the top 7, still more preferably the top 8, still more preferably the top 9, most preferably all 10 genes listed in Table 9.

[0167] Table 9

[0168] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the Achilles tendon, which is used to measure the transcript levels of a group of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript levels of an Achilles tendon tissue sample.

[0169] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the Achilles tendon, which includes reagents for measuring the transcript levels of a group of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript levels of an Achilles tendon tissue sample.

[0170] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a large blood vessel. In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the aortic arch, wherein the sample is taken from the aortic arch, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 5 genes listed in Table 10, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 genes of the 6th-20thgenes.

[0171] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the aortic arch, wherein the sample is taken from the aortic arch, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 6 genes listed in Table 10, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 genes of the 7th-20thgenes.

[0172] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the aortic arch, wherein the sample is taken from the aortic arch, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 7 genes listed in Table 10, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 genes of the 8th-20thgenes.

[0173] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the aortic arch, wherein the sample is taken from the aortic arch, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 10, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 genes of the 9th-20thgenes.

[0174] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the aortic arch, wherein the sample is taken from the aortic arch, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 10, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0175] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the aortic arch, wherein the sample is taken from the aortic arch, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 10, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0176] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the aortic arch, wherein the sample is taken from the aortic arch, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 10, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0177] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the aortic arch, wherein the sample is taken from the aortic arch, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 10, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0178] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the aortic arch, wherein the sample is taken from the aortic arch, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 10, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0179] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the aortic arch, wherein the sample is taken from the aortic arch, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 10, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0180] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the aortic arch, wherein the sample is taken from the aortic arch, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 10, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0181] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the aortic arch, wherein the sample is taken from the aortic arch, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 10, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0182] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the aortic arch, wherein the sample is taken from the aortic arch, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 10, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0183] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the aortic arch, wherein the sample is taken from the aortic arch, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 10, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0184] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 10.

[0185] Table 10

[0186] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the aortic arch, which is used to measure the transcript levels of a group of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the transcript levels of genes in a sample of aortic arch tissue.

[0187] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the aortic arch, comprising reagents for assaying the transcript levels of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for assaying the gene transcript levels of a sample of aortic arch tissue.

[0188] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the muscle of the torso. In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the muscle of the back, wherein the sample is taken from the muscle of the back, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 5 genes listed in Table 11, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0189] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the muscle of the back, wherein the sample is taken from the muscle of the back, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 6 genes listed in Table 11, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0190] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the muscle of the back, wherein the sample is taken from the muscle of the back, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 7 genes listed in Table 11, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0191] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the muscle of the back, wherein the sample is taken from the muscle of the back, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 8 genes listed in Table 11, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the genes from 9-20.

[0192] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the muscle of the back, wherein the sample is taken from the muscle of the back, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 9 genes listed in Table 11, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the genes from 10-20.

[0193] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the muscle of the back, wherein the sample is taken from the muscle of the back, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 10 genes listed in Table 11, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the genes from 11-20.

[0194] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a back muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a back muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 11, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0195] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a back muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a back muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 11, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0196] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a back muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a back muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 11, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0197] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a back muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a back muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 11, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0198] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a back muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a back muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 11, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0199] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a back muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a back muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 11, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0200] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a back muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a back muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 11, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0201] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a back muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a back muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 11, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0202] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 11.

[0203] Table 11

[0204] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of back muscle, for use in determining the level of transcripts of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of gene transcripts of a back muscle tissue sample.

[0205] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of back muscle, comprising reagents for determining the level of transcripts of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of gene transcripts of a back muscle tissue sample.

[0206] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of back skin, wherein the sample is taken from back skin, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 12, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0207] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of back skin, wherein the sample is taken from back skin, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 12, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0208] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of back skin, wherein the sample is taken from back skin, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 12, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0209] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of back skin, wherein the sample is taken from back skin, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 12, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 genes of the 9th-20thgenes.

[0210] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of back skin, wherein the sample is taken from back skin, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 12, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0211] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of back skin, wherein the sample is taken from back skin, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 12, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0212] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of back skin, wherein the sample is taken from back skin, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 12, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0213] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of back skin, wherein the sample is taken from back skin, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 12, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0214] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of back skin, wherein the sample is taken from back skin, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 12, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0215] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of back skin, wherein the sample is taken from back skin, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 12, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 genes of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0216] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of back skin, wherein the sample is taken from back skin, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 12, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0217] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of back skin, wherein the sample is taken from back skin, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 12, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0218] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of back skin, wherein the sample is taken from back skin, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 12, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0219] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of back skin, wherein the sample is taken from back skin, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 12, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0220] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 12.

[0221] Table 12

[0222] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of back skin, for measuring the level of transcripts of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the level of gene transcripts of a back skin tissue sample.

[0223] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of back skin, comprising reagents for measuring the level of transcripts of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the level of gene transcripts of a back skin tissue sample.

[0224] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal skin, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal skin, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 13, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 6th-11thgenes.

[0225] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal skin, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal skin, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 13, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 7th-11thgenes.

[0226] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal skin, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal skin, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 13, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 8th-11thgenes.

[0227] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal skin, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal skin, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 8 genes listed in Table 13, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 9th-11thgenes.

[0228] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal skin, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal skin, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 9 genes listed in Table 13, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 10th-11thgenes.

[0229] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 5, preferably the top 6, more preferably the top 7, still more preferably the top 8, still more preferably the top 9, still more preferably the top 10, most preferably all 11 genes listed in Table 13.

[0230] Table 13

[0231] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of abdominal skin, which is used to measure the transcript levels of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the transcript levels of genes in a sample of abdominal skin tissue.

[0232] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of abdominal skin, comprising reagents for measuring the transcript levels of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the transcript levels of genes in a sample of abdominal skin tissue.

[0233] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of an upper limb muscle. In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the biceps brachii muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the biceps brachii muscle, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites include the top 5 genes listed in Table 14, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 6th-12th genes.

[0234] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the biceps brachii muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the biceps brachii muscle, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites include the top 6 genes listed in Table 14, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 7th-12th genes.

[0235] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the biceps brachii muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the biceps brachii muscle, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites include the top 7 genes listed in Table 14, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, four, five of the 8th-12th genes.

[0236] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the biceps brachii muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the biceps brachii muscle, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 14, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, four of the 9th-12th genes.

[0237] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the biceps brachii muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the biceps brachii muscle, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 14, optionally further including any 1, 2, three of the 10th-12th genes.

[0238] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the biceps brachii muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the biceps brachii muscle, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 14, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 11th-12th genes.

[0239] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptomic gene sites include the top 5, preferably the top 6, more preferably the top 7, still more preferably the top 8, still more preferably the top 9, still more preferably the top 10, still more preferably the top 11, most preferably all 12 genes listed in Table 14.

[0240] Table 14

[0241] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the biceps brachii, for use in determining transcript levels of a set of genes, which set of genes is as described in any of the above embodiments for determining gene transcript levels of a biceps brachii tissue sample.

[0242] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the biceps brachii, comprising reagents for determining transcript levels of a set of genes, which set of genes is as described in any of the above embodiments for determining gene transcript levels of a biceps brachii tissue sample.

[0243] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the cerebellum, wherein the sample is taken from the cerebellum, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 15, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0244] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the cerebellum, wherein the sample is taken from the cerebellum, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 15, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0245] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the cerebellum, wherein the sample is taken from the cerebellum, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 15, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0246] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the cerebellum, wherein the sample is taken from the cerebellum, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 8 genes listed in Table 15, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the genes from 9-20.

[0247] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the cerebellum, wherein the sample is taken from the cerebellum, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 9 genes listed in Table 15, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the genes from 10-20.

[0248] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the cerebellum, wherein the sample is taken from the cerebellum, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 15, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0249] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the cerebellum, wherein the sample is taken from the cerebellum, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 15, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0250] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the cerebellum, wherein the sample is taken from the cerebellum, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 15, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0251] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the cerebellum, wherein the sample is taken from the cerebellum, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 15, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0252] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the cerebellum, wherein the sample is taken from the cerebellum, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 15, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0253] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the cerebellum, wherein the sample is taken from the cerebellum, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 15, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0254] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the cerebellum, wherein the sample is taken from the cerebellum, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 15, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0255] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the cerebellum, wherein the sample is taken from the cerebellum, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 15, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0256] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the cerebellum, wherein the sample is taken from the cerebellum, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 15, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0257] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 15.

[0258] Table 15

[0259] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the cerebellum, which is used to measure the transcript levels of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the transcript levels of genes in a cerebellar tissue sample.

[0260] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the cerebellum, comprising reagents for measuring the transcript levels of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the transcript levels of genes in a cerebellar tissue sample.

[0261] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 5 genes listed in Table 16, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 genes of the 6th-20thgenes.

[0262] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 6 genes listed in Table 16, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 genes of the 7th-20thgenes.

[0263] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 7 genes listed in Table 16, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 genes of the 8th-20thgenes.

[0264] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 16, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 genes of the 9th-20thgenes.

[0265] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 16, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0266] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 16, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0267] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 16, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0268] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 16, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0269] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 16, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0270] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 16, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 genes of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0271] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 16, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0272] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 16, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0273] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 16, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0274] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 16, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0275] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 16.

[0276] Table 16

[0277] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, which is used to measure the transcript levels of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript levels of a frontal lobe tissue sample.

[0278] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the frontal lobe, comprising reagents for measuring the transcript levels of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript levels of a frontal lobe tissue sample.

[0279] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the occipital lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the occipital lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 5 genes listed in Table 17, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 genes of the 6th-18th genes.

[0280] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the occipital lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the occipital lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 6 genes listed in Table 17, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 genes of the 7th-18th genes.

[0281] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the occipital lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the occipital lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 7 genes listed in Table 17, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 8th-18th genes.

[0282] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the occipital lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the occipital lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 17, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 9th-18th genes.

[0283] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the occipital lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the occipital lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 17, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-18th genes.

[0284] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the occipital lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the occipital lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 17, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 11th-18th genes.

[0285] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the occipital lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the occipital lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 17, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 12th-18th genes.

[0286] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the occipital lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the occipital lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 17, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 13th-18thgenes.

[0287] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the occipital lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the occipital lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 17, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 14th-18thgenes.

[0288] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the occipital lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the occipital lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 17, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 15th-18thgenes.

[0289] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the occipital lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the occipital lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 17, optionally further including any 1, 2, or three of the 16th-18thgenes.

[0290] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the occipital lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the occipital lobe, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 17, optionally further including any one or two of the 17th-18thgenes.

[0291] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, most preferably all 18 genes listed in Table 17.

[0292] Table 17

[0293] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the occipital lobe, which is used to measure the transcript levels of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the transcript levels of genes in a sample of occipital lobe tissue.

[0294] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the occipital lobe, comprising reagents for assaying the transcript levels of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for assaying the transcript levels of genes in a sample of occipital lobe tissue.

[0295] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the parietal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the parietal lobe, and the assayed transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 18, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0296] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the parietal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the parietal lobe, and the assayed transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 18, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0297] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the parietal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the parietal lobe, and the assayed transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 18, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0298] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the parietal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the parietal lobe, and the assayed transcriptome gene loci include the top 8 genes listed in Table 18, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the genes from 9-20.

[0299] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the parietal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the parietal lobe, and the assayed transcriptome gene loci include the top 9 genes listed in Table 18, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the genes from 10-20.

[0300] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the parietal lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the parietal lobe, and the assayed transcriptome gene loci include the top 10 genes listed in Table 18, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the genes from 11-20.

[0301] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the top lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the top lobe, and the measured transcriptomic gene loci include the top 11 genes listed in Table 18, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0302] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the top lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the top lobe, and the measured transcriptomic gene loci include the top 12 genes listed in Table 18, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0303] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the top lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the top lobe, and the measured transcriptomic gene loci include the top 13 genes listed in Table 18, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0304] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the top lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the top lobe, and the measured transcriptomic gene loci include the top 14 genes listed in Table 18, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0305] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the top lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the top lobe, and the measured transcriptomic gene loci include the top 15 genes listed in Table 18, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0306] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the top lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the top lobe, and the measured transcriptomic gene loci include the top 16 genes listed in Table 18, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0307] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the top lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the top lobe, and the measured transcriptomic gene loci include the top 17 genes listed in Table 18, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0308] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the top lobe, wherein the sample is taken from the top lobe, and the measured transcriptomic gene loci include the top 18 genes listed in Table 18, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0309] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 18.

[0310] Table 18

[0311] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of apical leaf senescence for use in determining the level of transcripts of a set of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of gene transcripts in an apical leaf tissue sample.

[0312] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of apical leaf senescence comprising reagents for determining the level of transcripts of a set of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of gene transcripts in an apical leaf tissue sample.

[0313] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of dorsal root ganglion senescence, wherein the sample is taken from a dorsal root ganglion, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 19, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0314] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of dorsal root ganglion senescence, wherein the sample is taken from a dorsal root ganglion, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 19, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0315] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of dorsal root ganglion senescence, wherein the sample is taken from a dorsal root ganglion, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 19, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0316] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a dorsal root ganglion, wherein the sample is taken from a dorsal root ganglion, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 19, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 genes of the 9th-20thgenes.

[0317] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a dorsal root ganglion, wherein the sample is taken from a dorsal root ganglion, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 19, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0318] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a dorsal root ganglion, wherein the sample is taken from a dorsal root ganglion, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 19, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0319] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a dorsal root ganglion, wherein the sample is taken from a dorsal root ganglion, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 19, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0320] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a dorsal root ganglion, wherein the sample is taken from a dorsal root ganglion, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 19, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0321] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a dorsal root ganglion, wherein the sample is taken from a dorsal root ganglion, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 19, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0322] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a dorsal root ganglion, wherein the sample is taken from a dorsal root ganglion, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 19, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 genes of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0323] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a dorsal root ganglion, wherein the sample is taken from a dorsal root ganglion, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 19, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0324] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a dorsal root ganglion, wherein the sample is taken from a dorsal root ganglion, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 19, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0325] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a dorsal root ganglion, wherein the sample is taken from a dorsal root ganglion, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 19, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0326] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a dorsal root ganglion, wherein the sample is taken from a dorsal root ganglion, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 19, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0327] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 19.

[0328] Table 19

[0329] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of a dorsal root ganglion, for use in measuring the level of transcripts of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the level of gene transcripts in a dorsal root ganglion tissue sample.

[0330] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of a dorsal root ganglion, comprising reagents for measuring the level of transcripts of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the level of gene transcripts in a dorsal root ganglion tissue sample.

[0331] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of skin in the oral region, wherein the sample is taken from skin in the oral region, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 5 genes listed in Table 20, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 6th-11thgenes.

[0332] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of skin in the oral region, wherein the sample is taken from skin in the oral region, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 6 genes listed in Table 20, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 7th-11thgenes.

[0333] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of skin in the oral region, wherein the sample is taken from skin in the oral region, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 7 genes listed in Table 20, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, four of the 8th-11thgenes.

[0334] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of skin in the oral region, wherein the sample is taken from skin in the oral region, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 20, optionally further including any 1, 2, or 3 of the 9th-11thgenes.

[0335] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of skin in the oral region, wherein the sample is taken from skin in the oral region, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 20, optionally further including any 1, 2 genes of the 10th-11thgenes.

[0336] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 5, preferably the top 6, more preferably the top 7, still more preferably the top 8, still more preferably the top 9, still more preferably the top 10, most preferably all 11 genes listed in Table 20.

[0337] Table 20

[0338] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of skin in the oral region, which is used to determine the transcript level of a group of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining the transcript level of genes of a tissue sample of skin in the oral region.

[0339] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of skin aging in the oral region, comprising reagents for assaying the transcript levels of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for assaying the gene transcript levels of a skin tissue sample from the oral region.

[0340] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging in the temporal region, wherein the sample is taken from the temporal region, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 5 genes listed in Table 21, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the 6th-20thgenes.

[0341] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging in the temporal region, wherein the sample is taken from the temporal region, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 6 genes listed in Table 21, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the 7th-20thgenes.

[0342] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging in the temporal region, wherein the sample is taken from the temporal region, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 7 genes listed in Table 21, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the 8th-20thgenes.

[0343] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging in the temporal region, wherein the sample is taken from the temporal region, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 8 genes listed in Table 21, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the 9th-20thgenes.

[0344] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging in the temporal region, wherein the sample is taken from the temporal region, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 9 genes listed in Table 21, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0345] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging in the temporal region, wherein the sample is taken from the temporal region, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 10 genes listed in Table 21, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0346] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the temporal region, wherein the sample is taken from the temporal region, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 21, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0347] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the temporal region, wherein the sample is taken from the temporal region, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 21, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0348] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the temporal region, wherein the sample is taken from the temporal region, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 21, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0349] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the temporal region, wherein the sample is taken from the temporal region, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 21, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0350] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the temporal region, wherein the sample is taken from the temporal region, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 21, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0351] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the temporal region, wherein the sample is taken from the temporal region, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 21, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0352] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the temporal region, wherein the sample is taken from the temporal region, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 21, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0353] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the temporal region, wherein the sample is taken from the temporal region, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 21, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0354] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 21.

[0355] Table 21

[0356] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the temporal region for determining the level of transcripts of a set of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of gene transcripts of a temporal region tissue sample.

[0357] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the temporal region comprising reagents for determining the level of transcripts of a set of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of gene transcripts of a temporal region tissue sample.

[0358] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, wherein the sample is taken from a frontal lobe nucleus, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 22, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0359] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, wherein the sample is taken from a frontal lobe nucleus, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 22, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0360] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, wherein the sample is taken from a frontal lobe nucleus, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 22, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0361] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, wherein the sample is taken from a frontal lobe nucleus, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 22, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 genes of the 9th-20thgenes.

[0362] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, wherein the sample is taken from a frontal lobe nucleus, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 22, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0363] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, wherein the sample is taken from a frontal lobe nucleus, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 22, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0364] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, wherein the sample is taken from a frontal lobe nucleus, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 22, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0365] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, wherein the sample is taken from a frontal lobe nucleus, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 22, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0366] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, wherein the sample is taken from a frontal lobe nucleus, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 22, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0367] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, wherein the sample is taken from a frontal lobe nucleus, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 22, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 genes of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0368] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, wherein the sample is taken from a frontal lobe nucleus, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 22, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0369] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, wherein the sample is taken from a frontal lobe nucleus, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 22, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0370] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, wherein the sample is taken from a frontal lobe nucleus, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 22, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0371] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, wherein the sample is taken from a frontal lobe nucleus, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 22, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0372] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 22.

[0373] Table 22

[0374] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, for use in determining the level of transcripts of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of gene transcripts of a frontal lobe nucleus tissue sample.

[0375] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of a frontal lobe nucleus, comprising reagents for determining the level of transcripts of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of gene transcripts of a frontal lobe nucleus tissue sample.

[0376] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a gastrocnemius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a gastrocnemius muscle, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 5 genes listed in Table 23, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16 genes.

[0377] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a gastrocnemius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a gastrocnemius muscle, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 6 genes listed in Table 23, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16 genes.

[0378] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a gastrocnemius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a gastrocnemius muscle, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 7 genes listed in Table 23, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16 genes.

[0379] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a gastrocnemius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a gastrocnemius muscle, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 23, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16 genes.

[0380] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a gastrocnemius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a gastrocnemius muscle, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 23, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16 genes.

[0381] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a gastrocnemius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a gastrocnemius muscle, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 23, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16 genes.

[0382] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a gastrocnemius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a gastrocnemius muscle, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 23, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16 genes.

[0383] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a gastrocnemius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a gastrocnemius muscle, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 23, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 16 genes.

[0384] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a gastrocnemius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a gastrocnemius muscle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 13 genes listed in Table 23, optionally further including any one, two, or three of genes 14-16.

[0385] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a gastrocnemius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a gastrocnemius muscle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 14 genes listed in Table 23, optionally further including any one or two of genes 15-16.

[0386] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, most preferably all 16 genes listed in Table 23.

[0387] Table 23

[0388] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of a gastrocnemius muscle, which is used to measure the transcript level of a set of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript level of a gastrocnemius muscle tissue sample.

[0389] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of a gastrocnemius muscle, which includes reagents for measuring the transcript level of a set of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript level of a gastrocnemius muscle tissue sample.

[0390] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a gingiva, wherein the sample is taken from a gingiva, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 24, optionally further including any one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen genes of genes 6-20.

[0391] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a gingiva, wherein the sample is taken from a gingiva, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 24, optionally further including any one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen genes of genes 7-20.

[0392] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gingiva, wherein the sample is taken from the gingiva, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 7 genes listed in Table 24, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 genes of the 8th-20thgenes.

[0393] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gingiva, wherein the sample is taken from the gingiva, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 24, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 genes of the 9th-20thgenes.

[0394] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gingiva, wherein the sample is taken from the gingiva, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 24, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0395] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gingiva, wherein the sample is taken from the gingiva, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 24, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0396] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gingiva, wherein the sample is taken from the gingiva, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 24, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0397] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gingiva, wherein the sample is taken from the gingiva, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 24, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0398] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gingiva, wherein the sample is taken from the gingiva, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 24, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0399] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gingiva, wherein the sample is taken from the gingiva, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 24, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0400] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gingiva, wherein the sample is taken from the gingiva, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 24, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0401] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gingiva, wherein the sample is taken from the gingiva, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 24, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0402] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gingiva, wherein the sample is taken from the gingiva, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 24, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0403] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gingiva, wherein the sample is taken from the gingiva, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 24, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0404] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 24.

[0405] Table 24

[0406] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the gingiva, which is used to determine the transcript level of a group of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining the gene transcript level of a gingival tissue sample.

[0407] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of gingiva, comprising reagents for assaying the transcript levels of a panel of genes, the panel of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for assaying the transcript levels of genes in a gingival tissue sample.

[0408] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of gluteus maximus muscle, wherein the sample is taken from gluteus maximus muscle, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 5 genes listed in Table 25, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0409] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of gluteus maximus muscle, wherein the sample is taken from gluteus maximus muscle, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 6 genes listed in Table 25, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0410] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of gluteus maximus muscle, wherein the sample is taken from gluteus maximus muscle, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 7 genes listed in Table 25, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0411] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of gluteus maximus muscle, wherein the sample is taken from gluteus maximus muscle, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 8 genes listed in Table 25, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the genes from 9-20.

[0412] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of gluteus maximus muscle, wherein the sample is taken from gluteus maximus muscle, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 9 genes listed in Table 25, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the genes from 10-20.

[0413] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of gluteus maximus muscle, wherein the sample is taken from gluteus maximus muscle, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 10 genes listed in Table 25, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the genes from 11-20.

[0414] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gluteus maximus muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the gluteus maximus muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 25, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0415] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gluteus maximus muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the gluteus maximus muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 25, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0416] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gluteus maximus muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the gluteus maximus muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 25, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0417] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gluteus maximus muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the gluteus maximus muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 25, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0418] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gluteus maximus muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the gluteus maximus muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 25, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0419] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gluteus maximus muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the gluteus maximus muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 25, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0420] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gluteus maximus muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the gluteus maximus muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 25, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0421] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the gluteus maximus muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the gluteus maximus muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 25, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0422] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 25.

[0423] Table 25

[0424] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of gluteus maximus muscle, for use in determining the level of transcripts of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of gene transcripts of a gluteus maximus tissue sample.

[0425] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of gluteus maximus muscle, comprising reagents for determining the level of transcripts of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of gene transcripts of a gluteus maximus tissue sample.

[0426] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of greater omental adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from greater omental adipose tissue, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 26, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0427] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of greater omental adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from greater omental adipose tissue, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 26, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0428] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of greater omental adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from greater omental adipose tissue, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 26, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0429] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of greater omental adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from greater omental adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 26, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 genes of the 9th-20thgenes.

[0430] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of greater omental adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from greater omental adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 26, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0431] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of greater omental adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from greater omental adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 26, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0432] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of greater omental adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from greater omental adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 26, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0433] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of greater omental adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from greater omental adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 26, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0434] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of greater omental adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from greater omental adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 26, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0435] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of greater omental adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from greater omental adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 26, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 genes of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0436] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of omental adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from omental adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 26, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0437] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of omental adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from omental adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 26, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0438] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of omental adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from omental adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 26, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0439] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of omental adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from omental adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 26, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0440] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 26.

[0441] Table 26

[0442] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of omental adipose tissue, for use in measuring the level of transcripts of a group of genes, said group of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the level of gene transcripts of a sample of omental adipose tissue.

[0443] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of omental adipose tissue, comprising reagents for measuring the level of transcripts of a group of genes, said group of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the level of gene transcripts of a sample of omental adipose tissue.

[0444] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the upper bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the upper bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 5 genes listed in Table 27, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 6th-14thgenes.

[0445] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the upper bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the upper bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 6 genes listed in Table 27, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 7th-14thgenes.

[0446] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the upper bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the upper bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 7 genes listed in Table 27, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 8th-14thgenes.

[0447] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the upper bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the upper bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 27, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 9th-14thgenes.

[0448] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the upper bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the upper bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 27, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 10th-14thgenes.

[0449] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the upper bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the upper bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 27, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 11th-14thgenes.

[0450] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the upper bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the upper bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 27, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 12th-14thgenes.

[0451] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the upper bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the upper bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 27, optionally further including any one or both of the 13th-14thgenes.

[0452] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, most preferably all 14 genes listed in Table 27.

[0453] Table 27

[0454] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of senescence of the upper bronchus for determining the level of transcripts of a set of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of gene transcripts of a sample of upper bronchus tissue.

[0455] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of senescence of the upper bronchus comprising reagents for determining the level of transcripts of a set of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of gene transcripts of a sample of upper bronchus tissue.

[0456] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the lower bronchus, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 28, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the 6th-20thgenes.

[0457] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the lower bronchus, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 28, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the 7th-20thgenes.

[0458] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the lower bronchus, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 28, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the 8th-20thgenes.

[0459] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the lower bronchus, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 8 genes listed in Table 28, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the 9th-20thgenes.

[0460] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the lower bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 28, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0461] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the lower bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 28, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0462] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the lower bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 28, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0463] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the lower bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 28, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0464] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the lower bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 28, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0465] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the lower bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 28, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 genes of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0466] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the lower bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 28, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 genes of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0467] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the lower bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 28, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0468] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the lower bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 28, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0469] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, wherein the sample is taken from the lower bronchus, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 28, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0470] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 28.

[0471] Table 28

[0472] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, which is used to measure the transcript levels of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the transcript levels of genes in a lower bronchus tissue sample.

[0473] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of senescence of the lower bronchus, comprising reagents for measuring the transcript levels of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the transcript levels of genes in a lower bronchus tissue sample.

[0474] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the left ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the left ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 5 genes listed in Table 29, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 6th-14thgenes.

[0475] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the left ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the left ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 29, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 7th-14thgenes.

[0476] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the left ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the left ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 29, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 8th-14thgenes.

[0477] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the left ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the left ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 8 genes listed in Table 29, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 9th-14thgenes.

[0478] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the left ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the left ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 9 genes listed in Table 29, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 10th-14thgenes.

[0479] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the left ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the left ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 10 genes listed in Table 29, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 11th-14thgenes.

[0480] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the left ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the left ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 11 genes listed in Table 29, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 12th-14thgenes.

[0481] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the left ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the left ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 12 genes listed in Table 29, optionally further including any 1 or 2 of the 13th-14thgenes.

[0482] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, most preferably all 14 genes listed in Table 29.

[0483] Table 29

[0484] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the left ventricle, for use in determining transcript levels of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining gene transcript levels in a left ventricle tissue sample.

[0485] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the left ventricle, comprising reagents for determining transcript levels of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining gene transcript levels in a left ventricle tissue sample.

[0486] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the left lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the left lobe of the liver, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 30, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0487] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the left lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the left lobe of the liver, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 30, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0488] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the left lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the left lobe of the liver, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 30, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0489] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the left lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the left lobe of the liver, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 8 genes listed in Table 30, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the genes from 9-20.

[0490] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the left lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the left lobe of the liver, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 9 genes listed in Table 30, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the genes from 10-20.

[0491] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the left lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the left lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 30, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0492] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the left lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the left lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 30, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0493] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the left lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the left lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 30, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0494] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the left lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the left lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 30, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0495] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the left lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the left lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 30, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0496] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the left lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the left lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 30, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0497] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the left lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the left lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 30, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0498] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the left lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the left lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 30, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0499] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the left lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the left lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 18 genes listed in Table 30, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0500] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 30.

[0501] Table 30

[0502] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of senescence of the left lobe of the liver, which is used to measure the transcript levels of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the transcript levels of genes in a tissue sample from the left lobe of the liver.

[0503] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of senescence of the left lobe of the liver, comprising reagents for measuring the transcript levels of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the transcript levels of genes in a tissue sample from the left lobe of the liver.

[0504] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the middle lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the middle lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 31, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 genes of the 6th-20thgenes.

[0505] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the middle lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the middle lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 31, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 genes of the 7th-20thgenes.

[0506] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the middle lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the middle lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 31, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 genes of the 8th-20thgenes.

[0507] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a left lobe of a liver, wherein the sample is taken from a left lobe of a liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 31, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 genes of the 9th-20thgenes.

[0508] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a left lobe of a liver, wherein the sample is taken from a left lobe of a liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 31, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0509] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a left lobe of a liver, wherein the sample is taken from a left lobe of a liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 31, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0510] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a left lobe of a liver, wherein the sample is taken from a left lobe of a liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 31, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0511] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a left lobe of a liver, wherein the sample is taken from a left lobe of a liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 31, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0512] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a left lobe of a liver, wherein the sample is taken from a left lobe of a liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 31, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0513] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a left lobe of a liver, wherein the sample is taken from a left lobe of a liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 31, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 genes of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0514] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a left lobe of liver, wherein the sample is taken from a left lobe of liver, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 31, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0515] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a left lobe of liver, wherein the sample is taken from a left lobe of liver, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 31, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0516] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a left lobe of liver, wherein the sample is taken from a left lobe of liver, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 31, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0517] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a left lobe of liver, wherein the sample is taken from a left lobe of liver, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 31, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0518] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 31.

[0519] Table 31

[0520] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of a left lobe of liver, for use in measuring the level of transcripts of a group of genes, the group of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the level of transcripts of genes of a tissue sample of a left lobe of liver.

[0521] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of a left lobe of liver, comprising reagents for measuring the level of transcripts of a group of genes, the group of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the level of transcripts of genes of a tissue sample of a left lobe of liver.

[0522] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the right lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 5 genes listed in Table 32, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0523] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the right lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 6 genes listed in Table 32, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0524] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the right lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 7 genes listed in Table 32, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0525] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the right lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 32, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the genes from 9-20.

[0526] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the right lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 32, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the genes from 10-20.

[0527] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the right lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 32, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the genes from 11-20.

[0528] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the right lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 32, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the genes from 12-20.

[0529] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the right lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 32, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0530] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the right lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 32, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0531] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the right lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 32, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0532] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the right lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 32, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0533] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the right lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 32, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0534] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the right lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 32, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0535] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, wherein the sample is taken from the right lobe of the liver, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 32, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0536] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 32.

[0537] Table 32

[0538] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, for determining transcript levels of a set of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining transcript levels of genes in a tissue sample of the right lobe of the liver.

[0539] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the right lobe of the liver, comprising reagents for determining transcript levels of a set of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining transcript levels of genes in a tissue sample of the right lobe of the liver.

[0540] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the distal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 33, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0541] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the distal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 33, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0542] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the distal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 33, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0543] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the distal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 8 genes listed in Table 33, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the genes from 9-20.

[0544] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the distal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal left lung, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 33, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0545] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the distal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal left lung, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 33, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0546] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the distal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal left lung, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 33, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0547] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the distal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal left lung, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 33, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0548] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the distal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal left lung, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 33, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0549] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the distal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal left lung, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 33, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 genes of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0550] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the distal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal left lung, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 33, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 genes of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0551] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the distal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal left lung, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 16 genes listed in Table 33, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0552] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the distal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal left lung, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 17 genes listed in Table 33, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0553] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the distal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal left lung, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 18 genes listed in Table 33, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0554] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 33.

[0555] Table 33

[0556] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the distal left lung for measuring the level of transcripts of a group of genes, the group of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the level of gene transcripts of a distal left lung tissue sample.

[0557] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the distal left lung, comprising reagents for measuring the level of transcripts of a group of genes, the group of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the level of gene transcripts of a distal left lung tissue sample.

[0558] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the proximal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal left lung, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 34, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the 6th-20thgenes.

[0559] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the proximal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene sites comprise the top 6 genes listed in Table 34, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 genes of the 7th-20thgenes.

[0560] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the proximal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene sites comprise the top 7 genes listed in Table 34, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 genes of the 8th-20thgenes.

[0561] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the proximal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene sites comprise the top 8 genes listed in Table 34, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 genes of the 9th-20thgenes.

[0562] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the proximal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene sites comprise the top 9 genes listed in Table 34, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0563] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the proximal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene sites comprise the top 10 genes listed in Table 34, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0564] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the proximal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene sites comprise the top 11 genes listed in Table 34, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0565] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the proximal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene sites comprise the top 12 genes listed in Table 34, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0566] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the proximal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 13 genes listed in Table 34, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0567] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the proximal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 14 genes listed in Table 34, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0568] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the proximal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 15 genes listed in Table 34, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0569] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the proximal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 16 genes listed in Table 34, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0570] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the proximal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 17 genes listed in Table 34, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0571] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the proximal left lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal left lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 18 genes listed in Table 34, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0572] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 34.

[0573] Table 34

[0574] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the proximal left lung, for use in determining transcript levels of a set of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining gene transcript levels in a proximal left lung tissue sample.

[0575] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the proximal left lung, comprising reagents for determining transcript levels of a set of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining gene transcript levels in a proximal left lung tissue sample.

[0576] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the distal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal right lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 35, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0577] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the distal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal right lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 35, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0578] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the distal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal right lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 35, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0579] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the distal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal right lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 8 genes listed in Table 35, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the genes from 9-20.

[0580] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the distal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal right lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 9 genes listed in Table 35, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the genes from 10-20.

[0581] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the distal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal right lung, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 35, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0582] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the distal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal right lung, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 35, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0583] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the distal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal right lung, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 35, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0584] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the distal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal right lung, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 35, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0585] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the distal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal right lung, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 35, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0586] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the distal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal right lung, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 35, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0587] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the distal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal right lung, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 35, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0588] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the distal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal right lung, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 17 genes listed in Table 35, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0589] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the distal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the distal right lung, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 18 genes listed in Table 35, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0590] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 35.

[0591] Table 35

[0592] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the distal right lung, which is used to measure the transcript levels of a group of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript levels of a distal right lung tissue sample.

[0593] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the distal right lung, which includes reagents for measuring the transcript levels of a group of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript levels of a distal right lung tissue sample.

[0594] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the proximal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal right lung, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 36, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 genes of the 6th-20thgenes.

[0595] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the proximal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal right lung, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 36, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 genes of the 7th-20thgenes.

[0596] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the proximal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal right lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 36, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 genes of the 8th-20thgenes.

[0597] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the proximal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal right lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 8 genes listed in Table 36, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 genes of the 9th-20thgenes.

[0598] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the proximal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal right lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 9 genes listed in Table 36, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0599] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the proximal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal right lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 10 genes listed in Table 36, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0600] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the proximal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal right lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 11 genes listed in Table 36, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0601] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the proximal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal right lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 12 genes listed in Table 36, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0602] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the proximal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal right lung, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 13 genes listed in Table 36, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0603] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the proximal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal right lung, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 14 genes listed in Table 36, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0604] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the proximal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal right lung, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 15 genes listed in Table 36, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0605] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the proximal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal right lung, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 16 genes listed in Table 36, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0606] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the proximal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal right lung, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 17 genes listed in Table 36, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0607] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the proximal right lung, wherein the sample is taken from the proximal right lung, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 18 genes listed in Table 36, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0608] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 36.

[0609] Table 36

[0610] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the proximal right lung, which is used to measure the transcript levels of a group of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the transcript levels of genes in a proximal right lung tissue sample.

[0611] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the proximal right lung, comprising reagents for assaying the transcript levels of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for assaying gene transcript levels in a proximal right lung tissue sample.

[0612] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the frontal cerebral cortex, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal cerebral cortex, and the assayed transcriptome gene loci comprise the top 5 genes listed in Table 37, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0613] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the frontal cerebral cortex, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal cerebral cortex, and the assayed transcriptome gene loci comprise the top 6 genes listed in Table 37, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0614] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the frontal cerebral cortex, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal cerebral cortex, and the assayed transcriptome gene loci comprise the top 7 genes listed in Table 37, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0615] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the frontal cerebral cortex, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal cerebral cortex, and the assayed transcriptome gene loci comprise the top 8 genes listed in Table 37, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the genes from 9-20.

[0616] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the frontal cerebral cortex, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal cerebral cortex, and the assayed transcriptome gene loci comprise the top 9 genes listed in Table 37, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the genes from 10-20.

[0617] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the frontal cerebral cortex, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal cerebral cortex, and the assayed transcriptome gene loci comprise the top 10 genes listed in Table 37, optionally further comprising any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the genes from 11-20.

[0618] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 37, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0619] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 37, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0620] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 37, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0621] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 37, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0622] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 37, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0623] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 37, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0624] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 37, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0625] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, wherein the sample is taken from the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 18 genes listed in Table 37, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0626] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 37.

[0627] Table 37

[0628] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the frontal lobe cerebral cortex for measuring the level of transcripts of a group of genes, said group of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the level of gene transcripts of a tissue sample of the frontal lobe cerebral cortex.

[0629] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the frontal lobe cerebral cortex, comprising reagents for measuring the level of transcripts of a group of genes, said group of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the level of gene transcripts of a tissue sample of the frontal lobe cerebral cortex.

[0630] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right atrium, wherein the sample is taken from the right atrium, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 38, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 6th-12thgenes.

[0631] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right atrium, wherein the sample is taken from the right atrium, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 38, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 7th-12thgenes.

[0632] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right atrium, wherein the sample is taken from the right atrium, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 38, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, four, five of the 8th-12thgenes.

[0633] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right atrium, wherein the sample is taken from the right atrium, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 38, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, four of the 9th-12thgenes.

[0634] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right atrium, wherein the sample is taken from the right atrium, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 38, optionally further including any 1, 2 genes, three genes of the 10th-12thgenes.

[0635] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right atrium, wherein the sample is taken from the right atrium, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 38, optionally further including any 1, 2 genes of the 11th-12thgenes.

[0636] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 5, preferably the top 6, more preferably the top 7, still more preferably the top 8, still more preferably the top 9, still more preferably the top 10, still more preferably the top 11, most preferably all 12 genes listed in Table 38.

[0637] Table 38

[0638] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the right atrium, which is used to measure the transcript levels of a group of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript levels of a right atrial tissue sample.

[0639] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the right atrium, which includes reagents for measuring the transcript levels of a group of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript levels of a right atrial tissue sample.

[0640] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the right ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 5 genes listed in Table 39, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 genes of the 6th-20thgenes.

[0641] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the right ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 6 genes listed in Table 39, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 genes of the 7th-20thgenes.

[0642] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the right ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 7 genes listed in Table 39, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 genes of the 8th-20thgenes.

[0643] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the right ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 39, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 genes of the 9th-20thgenes.

[0644] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the right ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 39, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0645] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the right ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 39, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0646] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the right ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 39, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0647] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the right ventricle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 39, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0648] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the right ventricle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 13 genes listed in Table 39, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0649] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the right ventricle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 14 genes listed in Table 39, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0650] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the right ventricle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 15 genes listed in Table 39, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0651] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the right ventricle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 16 genes listed in Table 39, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0652] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the right ventricle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 17 genes listed in Table 39, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0653] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the right ventricle, wherein the sample is taken from the right ventricle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 18 genes listed in Table 39, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0654] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 39.

[0655] Table 39

[0656] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the right ventricle, for use in determining transcript levels of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining gene transcript levels of a right ventricle tissue sample.

[0657] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the right ventricle, comprising reagents for determining transcript levels of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining gene transcript levels of a right ventricle tissue sample.

[0658] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the scapular brown adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from scapular brown adipose tissue, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 40, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes in the 6th-20thgenes.

[0659] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the scapular brown adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from scapular brown adipose tissue, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 40, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes in the 7th-20thgenes.

[0660] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the scapular brown adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from scapular brown adipose tissue, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 40, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes in the 8th-20thgenes.

[0661] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the scapular brown adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from scapular brown adipose tissue, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 8 genes listed in Table 40, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the genes in the 9th-20thgenes.

[0662] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the scapular brown adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from scapular brown adipose tissue, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 9 genes listed in Table 40, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the genes in the 10th-20thgenes.

[0663] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of scapular brown adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from scapular brown adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 40, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the genes from 11-20.

[0664] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of scapular brown adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from scapular brown adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 40, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the genes from 12-20.

[0665] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of scapular brown adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from scapular brown adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 40, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the genes from 13-20.

[0666] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of scapular brown adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from scapular brown adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 40, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the genes from 14-20.

[0667] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of scapular brown adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from scapular brown adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 40, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the genes from 15-20.

[0668] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of scapular brown adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from scapular brown adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 40, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the genes from 16-20.

[0669] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of scapular brown adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from scapular brown adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 40, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the genes from 17-20.

[0670] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of scapular brown adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from scapular brown adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 17 genes listed in Table 40, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0671] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of scapular brown adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from scapular brown adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 18 genes listed in Table 40, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0672] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 40.

[0673] Table 40

[0674] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of scapular brown adipose tissue, for use in measuring the transcript level of a group of genes, said group of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript level of a sample of scapular brown adipose tissue.

[0675] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of scapular brown adipose tissue, comprising reagents for measuring the transcript level of a group of genes, said group of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript level of a sample of scapular brown adipose tissue.

[0676] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of spinal cord, wherein the sample is taken from spinal cord, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 41, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the 6th-21stgenes.

[0677] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of spinal cord, wherein the sample is taken from spinal cord, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 41, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the 7th-21stgenes.

[0678] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spinal cord, wherein the sample is taken from the spinal cord, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 7 genes listed in Table 41, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 genes of genes 8-21.

[0679] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spinal cord, wherein the sample is taken from the spinal cord, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 41, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 genes of genes 9-21.

[0680] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spinal cord, wherein the sample is taken from the spinal cord, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 41, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 genes of genes 10-21.

[0681] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spinal cord, wherein the sample is taken from the spinal cord, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 41, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of genes 11-21.

[0682] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spinal cord, wherein the sample is taken from the spinal cord, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 41, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of genes 12-21.

[0683] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spinal cord, wherein the sample is taken from the spinal cord, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 41, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of genes 13-21.

[0684] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spinal cord, wherein the sample is taken from the spinal cord, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 41, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of genes 14-21.

[0685] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spinal cord, wherein the sample is taken from the spinal cord, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 14 genes listed in Table 41, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 15th-21stgenes.

[0686] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spinal cord, wherein the sample is taken from the spinal cord, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 15 genes listed in Table 41, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 16th-21stgenes.

[0687] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spinal cord, wherein the sample is taken from the spinal cord, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 16 genes listed in Table 41, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 17th-21stgenes.

[0688] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spinal cord, wherein the sample is taken from the spinal cord, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 17 genes listed in Table 41, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 18th-21stgenes.

[0689] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spinal cord, wherein the sample is taken from the spinal cord, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 18 genes listed in Table 41, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 19th-21stgenes.

[0690] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spinal cord, wherein the sample is taken from the spinal cord, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 19 genes listed in Table 41, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 20th-21stgenes.

[0691] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 21 genes listed in Table 41.

[0692] Table 41

[0693] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the spleen for use in determining transcript levels of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining transcript levels of genes of a spinal cord tissue sample.

[0694] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the spleen for use in determining transcript levels of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining transcript levels of genes of a spinal cord tissue sample.

[0695] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the spleen, wherein the sample is taken from the spleen, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 42, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0696] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the spleen, wherein the sample is taken from the spleen, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 42, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0697] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the spleen, wherein the sample is taken from the spleen, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 42, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0698] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the spleen, wherein the sample is taken from the spleen, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 8 genes listed in Table 42, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the genes from 9-20.

[0699] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the spleen, wherein the sample is taken from the spleen, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 9 genes listed in Table 42, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the genes from 10-20.

[0700] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spleen, wherein the sample is taken from the spleen, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 42, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0701] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spleen, wherein the sample is taken from the spleen, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 42, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0702] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spleen, wherein the sample is taken from the spleen, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 42, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0703] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spleen, wherein the sample is taken from the spleen, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 42, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0704] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spleen, wherein the sample is taken from the spleen, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 42, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0705] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spleen, wherein the sample is taken from the spleen, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 42, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0706] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spleen, wherein the sample is taken from the spleen, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 42, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0707] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spleen, wherein the sample is taken from the spleen, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 42, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0708] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the spleen, wherein the sample is taken from the spleen, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 18 genes listed in Table 42, optionally further including any 1, 2 of genes 19-20.

[0709] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 42.

[0710] Table 42

[0711] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the spleen, which is used to measure the transcript levels of a set of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the transcript levels of genes in a spleen tissue sample.

[0712] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the spleen, comprising reagents for measuring the transcript levels of a set of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the transcript levels of genes in a spleen tissue sample.

[0713] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the upper trachea, wherein the sample is taken from the upper trachea, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 43, optionally further including the 6thgene.

[0714] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 6, preferably all 6 genes listed in Table 43.

[0715] Table 43

[0716] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the upper trachea, which is used to measure the transcript levels of a set of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the transcript levels of genes in an upper trachea tissue sample.

[0717] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the upper trachea, comprising reagents for measuring the transcript levels of a set of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the transcript levels of genes in an upper trachea tissue sample.

[0718] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a trapezius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a trapezius muscle, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 5 genes listed in Table 44, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0719] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a trapezius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a trapezius muscle, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 6 genes listed in Table 44, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0720] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a trapezius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a trapezius muscle, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 7 genes listed in Table 44, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0721] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a trapezius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a trapezius muscle, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 44, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the genes from 9-20.

[0722] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a trapezius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a trapezius muscle, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 44, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the genes from 10-20.

[0723] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a trapezius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a trapezius muscle, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 44, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the genes from 11-20.

[0724] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a trapezius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from a trapezius muscle, and the measured transcriptomic gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 44, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the genes from 12-20.

[0725] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the trapezius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the trapezius muscle, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 44, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0726] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the trapezius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the trapezius muscle, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 44, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0727] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the trapezius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the trapezius muscle, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 44, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0728] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the trapezius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the trapezius muscle, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 44, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 genes of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0729] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the trapezius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the trapezius muscle, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 44, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 genes of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0730] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the trapezius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the trapezius muscle, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 44, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 genes of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0731] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of the trapezius muscle, wherein the sample is taken from the trapezius muscle, and the determined transcriptomic gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 44, optionally further including any 1, 2 genes of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0732] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptomic gene sites include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 44.

[0733] Table 44

[0734] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of the trapezius muscle, for use in determining transcript levels of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining gene transcript levels in a trapezius muscle tissue sample.

[0735] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of the trapezius muscle, comprising reagents for determining transcript levels of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining gene transcript levels in a trapezius muscle tissue sample.

[0736] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of an abdominal muscle, wherein the sample is taken from an abdominal muscle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 45, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0737] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of an abdominal muscle, wherein the sample is taken from an abdominal muscle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 45, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0738] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of an abdominal muscle, wherein the sample is taken from an abdominal muscle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 45, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0739] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of an abdominal muscle, wherein the sample is taken from an abdominal muscle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 8 genes listed in Table 45, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the genes from 9-20.

[0740] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal muscle, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 45, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0741] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal muscle, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 45, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0742] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal muscle, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 45, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0743] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal muscle, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 45, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0744] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal muscle, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 45, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0745] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal muscle, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 45, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 genes of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0746] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal muscle, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 45, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 genes of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0747] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal muscle, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 16 genes listed in Table 45, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0748] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal muscle, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 17 genes listed in Table 45, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0749] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of abdominal muscle, wherein the sample is taken from abdominal muscle, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 18 genes listed in Table 45, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0750] In some preferred embodiments, the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 45.

[0751] Table 45

[0752] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of abdominal muscle, which is used to measure the transcript level of a group of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript level of an abdominal muscle tissue sample.

[0753] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of abdominal muscle, which includes reagents for measuring the transcript level of a group of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for measuring the gene transcript level of an abdominal muscle tissue sample.

[0754] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of facial adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from facial adipose tissue, and the measured transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 46, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 6th-12thgenes.

[0755] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of facial adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from facial adipose tissue, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 46, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 7th-12thgenes.

[0756] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of facial adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from facial adipose tissue, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 46, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, four, five of the 8th-12thgenes.

[0757] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of facial adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from facial adipose tissue, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 8 genes listed in Table 46, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, four of the 9th-12thgenes.

[0758] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of facial adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from facial adipose tissue, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 9 genes listed in Table 46, optionally further including any 1, 2, three of the 10th-12thgenes.

[0759] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of facial adipose tissue, wherein the sample is taken from facial adipose tissue, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 10 genes listed in Table 46, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 11th-12thgenes.

[0760] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 5, preferably the top 6, more preferably the top 7, still more preferably the top 8, still more preferably the top 9, still more preferably the top 10, still more preferably the top 11, most preferably all 12 genes listed in Table 46.

[0761] Table 46

[0762] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of aging of facial adipose tissue, which is used to determine the transcript level of a group of genes, which are the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining the gene transcript level of a facial adipose tissue sample.

[0763] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of aging of facial adipose tissue, comprising reagents for assaying the transcript levels of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for assaying the transcript levels of genes in a sample of facial adipose tissue.

[0764] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the prostate, wherein the sample is taken from the prostate, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 5 genes listed in Table 47, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the genes from 6-20.

[0765] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the prostate, wherein the sample is taken from the prostate, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 6 genes listed in Table 47, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the genes from 7-20.

[0766] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the prostate, wherein the sample is taken from the prostate, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 7 genes listed in Table 47, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the genes from 8-20.

[0767] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the prostate, wherein the sample is taken from the prostate, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 8 genes listed in Table 47, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the genes from 9-20.

[0768] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the prostate, wherein the sample is taken from the prostate, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 9 genes listed in Table 47, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the genes from 10-20.

[0769] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the prostate, wherein the sample is taken from the prostate, and the transcriptome gene loci assayed include the top 10 genes listed in Table 47, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the genes from 11-20.

[0770] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a prostate, wherein the sample is taken from a prostate, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 47, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0771] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a prostate, wherein the sample is taken from a prostate, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 47, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0772] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a prostate, wherein the sample is taken from a prostate, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 47, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0773] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a prostate, wherein the sample is taken from a prostate, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 47, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0774] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a prostate, wherein the sample is taken from a prostate, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 47, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0775] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a prostate, wherein the sample is taken from a prostate, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 47, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0776] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a prostate, wherein the sample is taken from a prostate, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 47, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0777] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a prostate, wherein the sample is taken from a prostate, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 47, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0778] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 47.

[0779] Table 47

[0780] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of prostate aging for use in determining the level of transcripts of a set of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of gene transcripts in a prostate tissue sample.

[0781] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of prostate aging comprising reagents for determining the level of transcripts of a set of genes as described in any of the above embodiments for determining the level of gene transcripts in a prostate tissue sample.

[0782] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the seminal vesicle, wherein the sample is taken from the seminal vesicle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 5 genes listed in Table 48, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the 6th-20thgenes.

[0783] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the seminal vesicle, wherein the sample is taken from the seminal vesicle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 6 genes listed in Table 48, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the 7th-20thgenes.

[0784] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the seminal vesicle, wherein the sample is taken from the seminal vesicle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 7 genes listed in Table 48, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the 8th-20thgenes.

[0785] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of the seminal vesicle, wherein the sample is taken from the seminal vesicle, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 8 genes listed in Table 48, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the 9th-20thgenes.

[0786] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of seminal vesicles, wherein the sample is taken from seminal vesicles, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 48, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0787] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of seminal vesicles, wherein the sample is taken from seminal vesicles, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 48, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0788] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of seminal vesicles, wherein the sample is taken from seminal vesicles, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 48, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0789] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of seminal vesicles, wherein the sample is taken from seminal vesicles, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 48, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0790] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of seminal vesicles, wherein the sample is taken from seminal vesicles, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 13 genes listed in Table 48, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 genes of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0791] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of seminal vesicles, wherein the sample is taken from seminal vesicles, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 14 genes listed in Table 48, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 genes of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0792] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of seminal vesicles, wherein the sample is taken from seminal vesicles, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 15 genes listed in Table 48, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 genes of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0793] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the seminal vesicle, wherein the sample is taken from the seminal vesicle, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 16 genes listed in Table 48, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0794] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the seminal vesicle, wherein the sample is taken from the seminal vesicle, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 17 genes listed in Table 48, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0795] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the seminal vesicle, wherein the sample is taken from the seminal vesicle, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 18 genes listed in Table 48, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0796] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 48.

[0797] Table 48

[0798] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of senescence of the seminal vesicle, for use in determining the transcript level of a group of genes, said group of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining the gene transcript level of a seminal vesicle tissue sample.

[0799] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of senescence of the seminal vesicle, comprising reagents for determining the transcript level of a group of genes, said group of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining the gene transcript level of a seminal vesicle tissue sample.

[0800] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of senescence of the testis, wherein the sample is taken from the testis, and the determined transcriptome gene sites include the top 5 genes listed in Table 49, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the 6th-20thgenes.

[0801] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a testis, wherein the sample is taken from a testis, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 6 genes listed in Table 49, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 genes of the 7th-20thgenes.

[0802] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a testis, wherein the sample is taken from a testis, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 7 genes listed in Table 49, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 genes of the 8th-20thgenes.

[0803] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a testis, wherein the sample is taken from a testis, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 8 genes listed in Table 49, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 genes of the 9th-20thgenes.

[0804] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a testis, wherein the sample is taken from a testis, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 9 genes listed in Table 49, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 genes of the 10th-20thgenes.

[0805] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a testis, wherein the sample is taken from a testis, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 10 genes listed in Table 49, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 genes of the 11th-20thgenes.

[0806] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a testis, wherein the sample is taken from a testis, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 11 genes listed in Table 49, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 genes of the 12th-20thgenes.

[0807] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a testis, wherein the sample is taken from a testis, and the measured transcriptome gene sites include the top 12 genes listed in Table 49, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 genes of the 13th-20thgenes.

[0808] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a testis, wherein the sample is taken from a testis, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 13 genes listed in Table 49, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20thgenes.

[0809] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a testis, wherein the sample is taken from a testis, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 14 genes listed in Table 49, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20thgenes.

[0810] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a testis, wherein the sample is taken from a testis, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 15 genes listed in Table 49, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20thgenes.

[0811] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a testis, wherein the sample is taken from a testis, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 16 genes listed in Table 49, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20thgenes.

[0812] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a testis, wherein the sample is taken from a testis, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 17 genes listed in Table 49, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20thgenes.

[0813] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a testis, wherein the sample is taken from a testis, and the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 18 genes listed in Table 49, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20thgenes.

[0814] In some preferred embodiments, the determined transcriptome gene loci include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 genes listed in Table 49.

[0815] Table 49

[0816] In some embodiments, the present application provides a transcript detection array for identifying the degree of testicular aging for use in determining the transcript levels of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining the transcript levels of genes in a testicular tissue sample.

[0817] In some embodiments, the present application provides a gene transcript assay kit for identifying the degree of testicular aging, comprising reagents for determining the transcript levels of a set of genes, the set of genes being the genes described in any of the above embodiments for determining the transcript levels of genes in a testicular tissue sample.

[0818] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the plasma proteomic markers determined include the top 5 proteins listed in Table 50, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the proteins from 6-20.

[0819] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the plasma proteomic markers determined include the top 6 proteins listed in Table 50, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the proteins from 7-20.

[0820] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the plasma proteomic markers determined include the top 7 proteins listed in Table 50, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the proteins from 8-20.

[0821] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the plasma proteomic markers determined include the top 8 proteins listed in Table 50, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of the proteins from 9-20.

[0822] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the plasma proteomic markers determined include the top 9 proteins listed in Table 50, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of the proteins from 10-20.

[0823] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the measured plasma proteomic markers include the top 10 proteins listed in Table 50, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the 11th-20th proteins.

[0824] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the measured plasma proteomic markers include the top 11 proteins listed in Table 50, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 12th-20th proteins.

[0825] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the measured plasma proteomic markers include the top 12 proteins listed in Table 50, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 13th-20th proteins.

[0826] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the measured plasma proteomic markers include the top 13 proteins listed in Table 50, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 14th-20th proteins.

[0827] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the measured plasma proteomic markers include the top 14 proteins listed in Table 50, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 15th-20th proteins.

[0828] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the measured plasma proteomic markers include the top 15 proteins listed in Table 50, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 16th-20th proteins.

[0829] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the measured plasma proteomic markers include the top 16 proteins listed in Table 50, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4 of the 17th-20th proteins.

[0830] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the measured plasma proteomic markers include the top 17 proteins listed in Table 50, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 18th-20th proteins.

[0831] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the measured plasma proteomic markers include the top 18 proteins listed in Table 50, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 19th-20th proteins.

[0832] In some preferred embodiments, the measured plasma proteomic markers include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, still more preferably the top 15, still more preferably the top 16, still more preferably the top 17, still more preferably the top 18, still more preferably the top 19, most preferably all 20 proteins listed in Table 50.

[0833] Table 50

[0834] In some embodiments, the application provides a protein detection array for identifying the degree of aging of a population, which is used to measure the levels of a panel of plasma proteins, which is the plasma proteomic marker described in any of the above embodiments for identifying the degree of aging of a population.

[0835] In some embodiments, the application provides a protein detection kit for identifying the degree of aging of a population, which includes reagents for measuring the levels of a panel of plasma proteins, which is the plasma proteomic marker described in any of the above embodiments for identifying the degree of aging of a population.

[0836] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the measured plasma metabolomic markers include the top 5 compounds listed in Table 51, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of the 6th-15th compounds.

[0837] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the measured plasma metabolomic markers include the top 6 compounds listed in Table 51, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 of the 7th-15th compounds.

[0838] In some embodiments, the method is for identifying the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the measured plasma metabolomic markers include the top 7 compounds listed in Table 51, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the 8th-15th compounds.

[0839] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the plasma metabolome markers determined include the top 8 compounds listed in Table 51, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 of the 9th- 15thcompounds.

[0840] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the plasma metabolome markers determined include the top 9 compounds listed in Table 51, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 of the 10th- 15thcompounds.

[0841] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the plasma metabolome markers determined include the top 10 compounds listed in Table 51, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the 11th- 15thcompounds.

[0842] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the plasma metabolome markers determined include the top 11 compounds listed in Table 51, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 12th- 15thcompounds.

[0843] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the plasma metabolome markers determined include the top 12 compounds listed in Table 51, optionally further including any 1, 2, 3 of the 13th- 15thcompounds.

[0844] In some embodiments, the method is used to identify the degree of aging of a population, wherein the sample is taken from plasma, and the plasma metabolome markers determined include the top 13 compounds listed in Table 51, optionally further including any 1, 2 of the 14th- 15thcompounds.

[0845] In some preferred embodiments, the plasma metabolome markers determined include the top 10, preferably the top 11, more preferably the top 12, still more preferably the top 13, still more preferably the top 14, most preferably all 15 compounds listed in Table 51.

[0846] Table 51

[0847] In some embodiments, the present application provides a metabolite detection array for identifying the overall aging degree, which is used to determine the levels of a group of plasma metabolites, which are the plasma metabolome markers described in any of the above embodiments for identifying the overall aging degree.

[0848] In some embodiments, the present application provides a metabolite detection kit for identifying the overall aging degree, which comprises reagents for determining the levels of a group of plasma metabolites, which are the plasma metabolome markers described in any of the above embodiments for identifying the overall aging degree.

[0849] In the present application, the construction principle of the aging clock model mainly includes two steps of gene screening: (1) based on the existing software limma or the Pearson correlation between the expression level and the calendar age, only the genes with correlation with the calendar age are retained in each omics or tissue organ. (2) The elastic network model establishes to screen the genes contributing to the aging clock model, and filters the genes not driving the aging clock. Taking the transcriptome as an example, the two steps can compress more than ten thousand annotated genes to dozens to hundreds of genes. In this process, the stronger the correlation with the calendar age (positive or negative), the more important it is, and the higher the weight in the model. Based on such principles, the top genes are sorted and selected.

[0850] In some embodiments, the DNA methylation aging clock model is constructed, trained and verified by the following steps:

[0851] DNA methylation levels in multiple tissues including three groups of primate samples are determined using DNA methylation microarray, wherein the three groups of samples are from primates as young control (Y-Ctrl), middle-aged control (M-Ctrl) and old control (O-Ctrl), respectively;

[0852] The DNA methylation levels are used to generate a beta value matrix;

[0853] The DNA methylation sites in the beta value matrix that are significantly related to age are retained;

[0854] The methylation site information in the beta matrix is used as input data, and the calendar age of the primate is used as a training label, and an elastic network algorithm is used to construct and verify the DNA methylation aging clock; and

[0855] An unbiased estimate of the accuracy of the DNA methylation aging clock is obtained using leave-one-out cross-validation, the hyperparameters corresponding to the model with the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) are selected as appropriate hyperparameters, and the final model is obtained.

[0856] In this context, the beta value is the ratio between the methylation array intensity and the total array intensity, ranging between 0 (lower methylation level) and 1 (higher methylation level), and is used to characterize the methylation level of each site, resulting from the processing of the raw methylation chip sequencing results.

[0857] In some embodiments, the transcriptomic aging clock model is constructed, trained and validated by the following steps:

[0858] extracting total RNA from a plurality of tissues or organs including three groups of primate samples, wherein the three groups of samples are from primates as young control (Y-Ctrl), middle-aged control (M-Ctrl) and old control (O-Ctrl), respectively, constructing RNA-seq library and performing high-throughput sequencing;

[0859] processing the data of the RNA-seq library and generating an expression matrix of age-related genes;

[0860] using the expression matrix of the age-related genes as input data and using the calendar age of the primates as training labels, constructing and training the transcriptomic aging clock using elastic network algorithm; and

[0861] obtaining an unbiased estimate of the accuracy of the transcriptomic aging clock using leave-one-out cross-validation, selecting the hyperparameters corresponding to the model with the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) as appropriate hyperparameters, and obtaining the final model.

[0862] In some embodiments, the plasma proteomic aging clock model is constructed and trained by the following steps:

[0863] performing protein extraction, removing high-abundance proteins, trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry analysis on plasma from three groups of primate samples, wherein the three groups of samples are from primates as young control (Y-Ctrl), middle-aged control (M-Ctrl) and old control (O-Ctrl), respectively;

[0864] quantifying protein abundance based on mass spectrometry data and generating an expression matrix of age-related proteins;

[0865] using the expression matrix of the age-related proteins as input data and using the calendar age of the primates as training labels, constructing and training the plasma proteomic aging clock using elastic network algorithm; and

[0866] obtaining an unbiased estimate of the accuracy of the plasma proteomic aging clock using leave-one-out cross-validation, selecting the hyperparameters corresponding to the model with the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) as appropriate hyperparameters, and obtaining the final model.

[0867] In some embodiments, the plasma metabolome aging clock model is constructed and trained by the following steps:

[0868] extracting and mass spectrometry analyzing metabolites from plasma from three groups of primate samples, wherein the three groups of samples are from primates as young control (Y-Ctrl), middle-aged control (M-Ctrl) and old control (O-Ctrl), respectively;

[0869] identifying and quantifying metabolites based on the data of mass spectrometry analysis, and generating a matrix of age-related metabolites;

[0870] inputting the matrix of age-related metabolites as input data and using the calendar age of primates as training labels, and constructing and training the plasma metabolome aging clock using elastic network algorithm; and

[0871] obtaining an unbiased estimate of the accuracy of the plasma metabolome aging clock using leave-one-out cross-validation, selecting the hyperparameters corresponding to the model with the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) as appropriate hyperparameters, and obtaining the final model.

[0872] Therefore, in a first aspect, the present application provides a method of assessing the biological age of a subject, or identifying the degree of aging of a subject or cells, tissues or organs thereof, or assisting in diagnosing whether a subject has premature aging, comprising:

[0873] 1) determining the level of one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein or metabolite for determining biological age in a biological sample from the subject, to obtain a measurement value of one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein or metabolite;

[0874] 2) inputting the measurement value of the one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein or metabolite into an aging clock model to obtain one or more of the following biological ages:

[0875] (a) DNA methylation-based biological age;

[0876] (b) transcriptome-based biological age;

[0877] (c) plasma proteome-based biological age; and / or

[0878] (d) plasma metabolome-based biological age;

[0879] and optionally

[0880] 3) comparing the determined biological age with the chronological age of the subject, thereby identifying the degree of aging of the subject or cells, tissues or organs thereof, or assisting in diagnosing whether the subject has premature aging.

[0881] In some embodiments, the above method further comprises, prior to step 1), the step of obtaining a biological sample from the subject.

[0882] In some embodiments, the subject in the above method is an experimental animal, preferably a primate, more preferably a monkey, such as a rhesus monkey, cynomolgus monkey, macaque, and the like, an ape, such as a chimpanzee, gorilla, or the subject is a human.

[0883] In some embodiments, the aging clock model in the above method is a DNA methylation aging clock model, a transcriptomic aging clock model, a plasma proteomic aging clock model, or a plasma metabolomic aging clock model, or any combination thereof.

[0884] In some embodiments, the DNA methylation site used to determine biological age is the site described in any of the above embodiments for determining DNA methylation levels of a sample.

[0885] In some embodiments, the gene transcript used to determine biological age is the gene described in any of the above embodiments for determining gene transcript levels of a sample.

[0886] In some embodiments, the protein used to determine biological age is the plasma proteomic marker described in any of the above embodiments for identifying overall degree of aging.

[0887] In some embodiments, the metabolite used to determine biological age is the plasma metabolomic marker described in any of the above embodiments for identifying overall degree of aging.

[0888] In a second aspect, the present application provides an apparatus for predicting biological age of a subject, the apparatus comprising at least one control processor and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one control processor; the memory storing instructions for causing the at least one control processor to run an aging clock model for predicting biological age of the subject based on inputted one or more of DNA methylation measurements, gene transcript measurements, plasma protein measurements, and / or plasma metabolite measurements as described in the first aspect.

[0889] In some embodiments, the biological age comprises:

[0890] (a) DNA methylation-based biological age;

[0891] (b) transcriptomic-based biological age;

[0892] (c) plasma proteomic-based biological age; and / or

[0893] (d) biological age based on plasma metabolome.

[0894] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer system comprising the biological age prediction device of the second aspect.

[0895] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a method of evaluating the anti-aging effect of a candidate compound on an animal, particularly a primate, comprising:

[0896] (1) administering the candidate compound to a test group of animals, administering metformin to a positive control group of animals, and administering a corresponding vehicle or carrier to a negative control group of animals;

[0897] (2) obtaining a sample of tissue or organ from the animals;

[0898] (3) determining the level of one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein, or metabolite for determining biological age in the sample from the animals, to obtain a measurement of the one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein, or metabolite;

[0899] (4) inputting the measurement of the one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein, or metabolite into a senescence clock model to obtain one or more of the following biological ages:

[0900] (a) biological age based on DNA methylation;

[0901] (b) biological age based on transcriptome;

[0902] (c) biological age based on plasma proteome; and / or

[0903] (d) biological age based on plasma metabolome; and

[0904] (5) comparing the biological age determined for the test group with the biological age determined for the positive control group and the negative control group, to determine whether the candidate compound has an anti-aging effect.

[0905] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a method of screening or identifying a candidate drug having an anti-aging effect, comprising:

[0906] (1) administering a candidate drug to an experimental animal;

[0907] (2) determining the level of one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein, or metabolite for determining biological age in a biological sample from the animal, to obtain a measurement of the one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein, or metabolite;

[0908] (3) input the measured values of the one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein, or metabolite into a biological age clock model to obtain one or more of the following biological ages:

[0909] (a) DNA methylation-based biological age;

[0910] (b) transcriptome-based biological age;

[0911] (c) plasma proteome-based biological age; and / or

[0912] (d) plasma metabolome-based biological age; and

[0913] (4) compare the biological age(s) with the chronological age of the animal, wherein a biological age that is less than the chronological age indicates that the candidate drug has anti-aging effect.

[0914] In some embodiments, the method further comprises obtaining and comparing the biological ages of a negative control group of animals that are not administered any candidate drug according to steps (1) to (4).

[0915] In some embodiments, the method further comprises obtaining and comparing the biological ages of a positive control group of animals that are administered metformin according to steps (1) to (4).

[0916] In embodiments of the fourth and fifth aspects described above, the dosages and frequencies of administration of the candidate compound and metformin are within the discretion of one skilled in the art based on routine knowledge. Typically, the administration is once, twice or three times per day, once every two days, once every three days or once per week, at a dosage of 1 ug / kg body weight to 2000 mg / kg body weight per administration.

[0917] In some embodiments of the second, third, fourth, and fifth aspects described above, the DNA methylation sites used to determine the biological age are the same as those described in any of the embodiments described above for determining the DNA methylation level of a sample.

[0918] In some embodiments of the second, third, fourth, and fifth aspects described above, the gene transcripts used to determine the biological age are the same as those described in any of the embodiments described above for determining the gene transcript level of a sample.

[0919] In some embodiments of the second, third, fourth, and fifth aspects described above, the proteins used to determine the biological age are the same as those described in any of the embodiments described above for identifying plasma proteome markers of overall aging.

[0920] In some embodiments of the second, third, fourth, fifth aspects described above, the metabolite for determining biological age is the set of plasma metabolite markers described in any of the embodiments for identifying the overall degree of aging described above.

[0921] In a sixth aspect, the present application provides the use of metformin for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment, prevention or delay of a disease or disorder associated with aging in a primate, preferably a human.

[0922] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder associated with aging is selected from the group consisting of atrophic gastritis, periodontitis, gum atrophy, neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Aβ accumulation disease, fatty liver, liver fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, myocardial fibrosis, sarcopenia, abnormal lipid metabolism, abnormal immune function, and fibrosing nephritis, preferably atrophic gastritis and fibrosing nephritis.

[0923] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder associated with aging is selected from the group consisting of atrophic gastritis and fibrosing nephritis.

[0924] In a seventh aspect, the present application provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating the disease or disorder associated with aging, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of metformin and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0925] The pharmaceutical compositions of the present application can be prepared by methods known per se, and the compositions of the present application are those suitable for enteral administration such as oral or rectal administration and parenteral administration to mammals (warm-blooded animals), including humans, which comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmacologically active compound either alone or in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, especially carriers suitable for enteral or parenteral application. Typical oral formulations include tablets, capsules, syrups, elixirs and suspensions. Typical injectable preparations include solutions and suspensions.

[0926] Examples of typical pharmaceutically acceptable carriers used in the above-mentioned preparations are: saccharides such as lactose, sucrose, mannitol and sorbitol; starches such as corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch; cellulose and derivatives such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, ethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose; calcium phosphates such as dicalcium phosphate and tricalcium phosphate; sodium sulfate; calcium sulfate; polyvinylpyrrolidone; polyvinyl alcohol; stearic acid; alkaline earth metal stearates such as magnesium stearate and calcium stearate; stearic acid; vegetable oils such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, olive oil and corn oil; nonionic, cationic and anionic surfactants; ethylene glycol polymers; beta cyclodextrin; fatty alcohols; and hydrolyzed cereal solids, as well as nontoxic compatible fillers, binders, disintegrating agents, buffers, preservatives, antioxidants, lubricants, flavoring agents and other pharmaceutical excipients.

[0927] The pharmaceutical preparations are those suitable for enteral administration such as oral administration, as well as rectal administration or parenteral administration to warm-blooded animals, which can comprise the pharmacologically active compounds alone or in combination with customary pharmaceutical auxiliaries. For example, the pharmaceutical preparations comprise from approximately 0.1 % to 90 %, preferably approximately 1 % to approximately 80 %, of the active compounds. Pharmaceutical preparations for enteral or parenteral administration are, for example, in unit dosage form, such as coated tablets, tablets, capsules or suppositories, and also ampoules. The preparations are produced in known manner, for example by means of conventional mixing, granulating, coating, dissolving or lyophilizing processes. Thus, pharmaceutical preparations for oral administration can be obtained by combining the active compounds with solid excipients, if desired granulating the resulting mixture, and, if desired or necessary, processing the mixture or granules into tablets or tablet cores after the addition of suitable auxiliaries.

[0928] In an eighth aspect, the present application provides a method of treating an aging-related disease or disorder in a primate, preferably a human, comprising administering to a subject in need of said treatment a pharmaceutical composition according to the seventh aspect.

[0929] In some embodiments, wherein the aging-related disease or disorder is selected from atrophic gastritis, periodontitis, gingival atrophy, neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Aβ accumulation disease, fatty liver, liver fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, myocardial fibrosis, sarcopenia, abnormal lipid metabolism, abnormal immune function, and fibrotic nephritis, preferably atrophic gastritis and fibrotic nephritis.

[0930] In some embodiments of the first to eighth aspects described above, the subject or animal is a mammal, for example a primate. In some embodiments, the primate is a monkey, such as a rhesus monkey, cynomolgus monkey, macaque monkey, and the like, an ape, such as a chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan. Preferably, the primate is a laboratory animal. In some embodiments, the subject or animal is a human. In some embodiments, the subject or animal is a healthy adult animal. In some embodiments, the subject or animal is an aging animal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0931] Figure 1 : CT analysis of alveolar bone of cynomolgus monkeys of Y-Ctrl, M-Ctrl, O-Ctrl and O-Met groups. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Y-Ctrl: n = 6, M-Ctrl: n = 3, O-Ctrl: n = 5, O-Met: n = 6.

[0932] Figure 2: WGTA analysis of O-Ctrl and O-Met monkeys, detailing the performance accuracy of the delayed task (top), discrimination task (middle), and reversal task (bottom). The delay phase included 9 sessions, the discrimination phase 6, and the reversal phase 6. Data for each session were independently statistical, and multiple sessions per monkey were pooled in the histograms. Range n = 30-45 sessions for O-Ctrl; n = 36-54 sessions for O-Met. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

[0933] Figure 3: Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of the frontal lobe of Y-Ctrl, M-Ctrl, O-Ctrl, and O-Met monkeys is depicted. Log2 fold change in cortical thickness relative to the Y-Ctrl group is visible on the gray surface in the frontal lobe. Cortical thickness measurements for both hemispheres of each monkey were performed independently. Participant counts are Y-Ctrl: n = 12, M-Ctrl: n = 6, O-Ctrl: n = 16, O-Met: n = 12. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

[0934] Figure 4: Immunohistochemical analysis of NeuN in the brains (frontal lobe) of Y-Ctrl, M-Ctrl, O-Ctrl, and O-Met monkeys. Scale bar, 100 μm. Y-Ctrl: n = 6, M-Ctrl: n = 3, O-Ctrl: n = 5, O-Met: n = 6. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

[0935] Figure 5: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to analyze 88 brain regions of Y-Ctrl, M-Ctrl, O-Ctrl, and O-Met monkeys. This figure highlights the regions where metformin treatment resulted in significant changes in cortical thickness (P < 0.05). Left and right hemisphere measurements for each monkey are reported separately. Sample sizes are Y-Ctrl: n = 12, M-Ctrl: n = 6, O-Ctrl: n = 16, O-Met: n = 12. Pie charts depict the distribution of brain regions rescued by metformin across the brain lobes. Hematoxylin (DNA) staining of spinal cords of young and old monkeys showing representative images (left) and quantification of the area of the indicated regions (right).

[0936] Figure 6: Cluster analysis of tissue transcriptome data during aging in monkeys. The number of age-dependent genes in each cluster is shown. Solid and striped lines represent the mean of normalized FPKM across clusters ± SD.

[0937] Figure 7: Left, expression changes of monkey age-dependent genes after metformin treatment. Solid and striped lines represent the mean of normalized FPKM across clusters ± SD. Right, boxplots showing the GSVA scores of age-dependent genes in different groups.

[0938] Figure 8: Dot plot showing rescue scores of different tissues based on age- dependent genes in clusters U and D.

[0939] Figure 9: Heatmap showing rescue pathways associated with aging based on GSVA scores.

[0940] Figure 10: Boxplot showing selected rescue pathways compared to specific tissues.

[0941] Figure 11 : Immunohistochemical analysis of p21 in lung (RILU), liver (LL), kidney (cortex), kidney (medulla), heart (LV), skin (neck) and stomach of Y-Ctrl, M-Ctrl, O-Ctrl and O-Met monkeys. Arrows indicate p21 positive cells. Scale bar for lung (RILU), liver (LL), kidney (cortex), kidney and heart (LV), 20 pm; scale bar for skin (neck), 10 pm. Y-Ctrl: n=6, M-Ctrl: n=3, O-Ctrl: n=5, O-Met: n=5-6 monkeys. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.

[0942] Figure 12: Masson’s trichrome staining of lung (RILU), kidney (cortex) and heart (LV) of Y-Ctrl, M-Ctrl, O-Ctrl and O-Met monkeys. Arrows indicate fibrotic areas. Scale bar, 20 pm. Y-Ctrl: n=6, M-Ctrl: n=3, O-Ctrl: n=5, O-Met: n=5-6 monkeys. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.

[0943] Figure 13: Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis of CD45 in lung (RILU), liver (LL) and kidney (cortex) of Y-Ctrl, M-Ctrl, O-Ctrl and O-Met monkeys. Arrows indicate CD45 positive cells. Scale bar, 20 pm. Y-Ctrl: n=6, M-Ctrl: n=3, O-Ctrl: n=5, O-Met: n=5-6 monkeys. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.

[0944] Figure 14: HE staining of liver (LL) and stomach of Y-Ctrl, M-Ctrl, O-Ctrl and O-Met monkeys. Dotted circles and arrows indicate inflammatory areas. Scale bar, 40 pm. Y-Ctrl: n=6, M-Ctrl: n=3, O-Ctrl: n=5, O-Met: n=6 monkeys. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.

[0945] Figure 15: Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis of lung (RILU) and intestine (ileum) TNF-a in Y-Ctrl, M-Ctrl, O-Ctrl and O-Met monkeys. Arrows indicate TNF-a positive cells. Scale bar, 20 pm. Y-Ctrl: n=6, M-Ctrl: n=3, O-Ctrl: n=4-5, O-Met: n=6 monkeys. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

[0946] Figure 16: Immunofluorescence analysis of intestinal (ileum) IL-1 b in Y-Ctrl, M-Ctrl, O-Ctrl and O-Met monkeys. Scale bar, 20 pm. Y-Ctrl: n=6, M-Ctrl: n=3, O-Ctrl: n=5, O-Met: n=6 monkeys. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

[0947] Figure 17: Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis of S100A8 in lung (RILU), heart (LV), liver (LL) and kidney (cortex) in Y-Ctrl, M-Ctrl, O-Ctrl and O-Met monkeys. Arrows indicate S100A8 positive cells. Scale bar, 20 pm. Y-Ctrl: n=6, M-Ctrl: n=3, O-Ctrl: n=5, O-Met: n=5-6 monkeys. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

[0948] Figure 18: Dot plot showing predicted biological age (proteinAge) based on plasma proteomics (left). Box plot showing biological age (proteinAge) in metformin-treated rescued monkeys (right).

[0949] Figure 19: Lollipop plot showing multi-tissue biological age (DNAmAge) in metformin-treated rescued monkeys based on tissue DNA methylation data (top). Only significant (P-value < 0.05) rescued tissues are plotted on this line. Dot plot showing significant (P-value < 0.05) (ranked by Agediff) biological age (DNAmAge) in metformin-treated rescued tissues based on tissue DNA methylation data (middle). Box plot showing biological age (DNAmAge) in metformin-treated rescued monkeys (bottom).

[0950] Figure 20: Lollipop plot showing multi-tissue biological age (transcriptional age) in metformin-treated rescued monkeys based on tissue bulk RNA-seq (top). Only significant (P-value < 0.05) rescued tissues are plotted on this line. Dot plot showing top 5 (ranked by Agediff) biological age (transcriptional age) in metformin-treated rescued tissues based on tissue bulk RNA-seq (middle). Box plot showing biological age (transcriptional age) in metformin-treated rescued monkeys (bottom).

[0951] Figure 21: UMAP plot showing the distribution of different cell types in monkey liver (top). UMAP plot showing the distribution of different cell types in Y-Ctrl, M-Ctrl, O-Ctrl, and O-Met groups (bottom).

[0952] Figure 22: Radial column plot showing metformin treatment rescues monkey liver multi-cell type biological age (sc-transcriptAge) based on liver snRNA-seq. Only significant (Wilcoxon rank-sum test P-value < 0.05) rescued cell types are plotted (left). Dot plot showing predicted biological age (sc-transcriptAge) based on liver snRNA-seq. Only significant (Wilcoxon rank-sum test P-value < 0.05) rescued cell types are plotted (top right). Box plot showing metformin treatment rescues monkey biological age (sc-transcriptAge). Only significant (Wilcoxon rank-sum test P-value < 0.05) rescued cell types are plotted (bottom right). Dots represent meta-units in the test set or O-Met group. Dashed line indicates no difference between the predicted biological age and the expected measurement of the monkey’s actual age (Delta age = 0), the distance between the dots and the dashed line represents the rate of change of the individual’s age.

[0953] Figure 23: Venn diagram showing the number of aging, Met, and rescued DEGs. Overlapping regions represent the number of down-regulated rescued DEGs (top) and up-regulated rescued DEGs (bottom).

[0954] Figure 24: DEG ratio analysis of 10 major cell types in liver by snRNA-seq.

[0955] Figure 25: Network showing representative GO terms enriched in rescued DEGs based on functional enrichment analysis.

[0956] Figure 26: Dot plot showing rescued up- and down-regulated DEGs in different cell types in liver snRNA-seq.

[0957] Figure 27: Dot plot plotted by Augur showing the priority of cell types in liver snRNA-seq.

[0958] Figure 28: Heatmap showing the expression profile of overlapping Rescue DEGs based on liver different cell types’ snRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data. Color key from blue to red represents the gene expression level from low to high in O-Met / O-Ctrl groups.

[0959] Figure 29: Expression changes of age-dependent genes in monkey liver cells after metformin treatment. Solid and striped lines represent the mean counts per cluster ± SD, removing sequencing depth.

[0960] Figure 30: Ridge plot showing the representative gene set scores in the four groups. Black lines represent the median expression.

[0961] Figure 31: Immunofluorescence analysis of APOE (top) an...

Claims

1. A method of assessing biological age of a subject, or identifying the degree of aging of a subject or cells, tissues or organs thereof, or aiding in the diagnosis of premature aging in a subject, comprising: 1) determining the level of one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein or metabolite for determining biological age in a biological sample from a subject, to obtain a measurement of the one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein or metabolite; 2) inputting the measurement of the one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein or metabolite into an aging clock model to obtain one or more of the following biological ages: (e) DNA methylation-based biological age; (f) transcriptome-based biological age; (g) plasma proteome-based biological age; and / or (h) plasma metabolome-based biological age; and optionally 3) comparing the determined biological age to the chronological age of the subject, thereby identifying the degree of aging of the subject or cells, tissues or organs thereof, or aiding in the diagnosis of premature aging in a subject.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the following step prior to step 1): obtaining a biological sample from the subject.

3. The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the subject is an experimental animal, preferably a primate, more preferably a monkey, such as a rhesus monkey, cynomolgus monkey, macaque, and the like, an ape, such as a chimpanzee, gorilla, or the subject is a human.

4. The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the aging clock model is a DNA methylation aging clock model, a transcriptome aging clock model, a plasma proteome aging clock model, or a plasma metabolome aging clock model, or any combination thereof.

5. An apparatus for predicting biological age of a subject, the apparatus comprising at least one control processor and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one control processor; the memory storing instructions for causing the at least one control processor to run an aging clock model for predicting biological age of the subject from inputted one or more DNA methylation measurements, gene transcript measurements, plasma protein measurements, and / or plasma metabolite measurements as recited in claim 1.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the biological age comprises: (a) DNA methylation-based biological age; (b) transcriptome-based biological age; (c) plasma proteome-based biological age; and / or (d) plasma metabolome-based biological age.

7. A computer system comprising the biological age prediction apparatus of claim 5 or 6.

8. A method of evaluating the anti-aging effect of a candidate compound on an animal, especially a primate, comprising: (1) administering the candidate compound to a test group of animals, administering metformin to a positive control group of animals, and administering a corresponding vehicle or carrier to a negative control group of animals; (2) obtaining a sample of tissue or organ from the animals; ​ (3) determining the level of one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein, or metabolite for determining biological age in a sample from the animal, to obtain a measurement of the one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein, or metabolite; (4) inputting the measurement of the one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein, or metabolite into an aging clock model to obtain one or more of the following biological ages: (a) DNA methylation-based biological age; (b) transcriptome-based biological age; (c) plasma proteome-based biological age; and / or (d) plasma metabolome-based biological age; and (5) comparing the biological age determined for the test group with the biological age determined for the positive control group and the negative control group, to determine whether the candidate compound has an anti-aging effect.

9. A method of screening or identifying a candidate drug having an anti-aging effect, comprising: (1) administering a candidate drug to an experimental animal; (2) determining the level of one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein, or metabolite for determining biological age in a biological sample from the animal, to obtain a measurement of the one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein, or metabolite; (3) inputting the measurement of the one or more DNA methylation, gene transcript, protein, or metabolite into an aging clock model to obtain one or more of the following biological ages: (a) DNA methylation-based biological age; (b) transcriptome-based biological age; (c) plasma proteome-based biological age; and / or (d) plasma metabolome-based biological age; and (4) comparing the biological age with the chronological age of the animal, wherein a biological age that is less than the chronological age indicates that the candidate drug has an anti-aging effect.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising obtaining and comparing the biological age of a negative control group of animals according to steps (1) to (4), which have not been administered any candidate drug.

11. The method of claim 9 or 10, further comprising obtaining and comparing the biological age of a positive control group of animals according to steps (1) to (4), which have been administered metformin.

12. Use of metformin for the manufacture of a medicament for treating, preventing, or delaying a disease or condition associated with aging in a primate, preferably a human.

13. The use of claim 12, wherein the disease or condition associated with aging is selected from the group consisting of atrophic gastritis, periodontitis, gum atrophy, neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Aβ accumulation disease, fatty liver, liver fibrosis, lung fibrosis, myocardial fibrosis, sarcopenia, abnormal lipid metabolism, abnormal immune function, and fibrotic nephritis, preferably atrophic gastritis and fibrotic nephritis.

14. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disease or condition associated with aging, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of metformin and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 14, wherein the aging-related disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of atrophic gastritis, periodontitis, gingival atrophy, neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Aβ accumulation disease, fatty liver, liver fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, myocardial fibrosis, sarcopenia, abnormal lipid metabolism, abnormal immune function, and fibrotic nephritis, preferably atrophic gastritis and fibrotic nephritis.

16. A method of treating an aging-related disease or disorder in a primate, preferably a human, comprising administering to a subject in need of said treatment the pharmaceutical composition of claim 14.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the aging-related disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of atrophic gastritis, periodontitis, gingival atrophy, neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Aβ accumulation disease, fatty liver, liver fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, myocardial fibrosis, sarcopenia, abnormal lipid metabolism, abnormal immune function, and fibrotic nephritis, preferably atrophic gastritis and fibrotic nephritis.

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