Polyester polyol, method of preparing the same and synthetic leatherprepared from the same
By synthesizing a polyester polyol with low cyclic oligoester content through specific acid and diol condensation, mechanical properties and surface issues are addressed, resulting in flexible and durable polyurethane products.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-19
AI Technical Summary
Cyclic oligomers in polyester polyol synthesis lead to mechanical property deterioration and surface blooming in polyurethane products, necessitating energy-intensive removal methods like thin film distillation.
A polyester polyol is prepared via condensation of difunctional acids and diols with specific carbon atom counts, resulting in less than 2 wt.% cyclic oligoesters, enhancing mechanical properties and reducing surface blooming.
The solution provides polyurethane products with improved flex resistance and controlled blooming, suitable for durable synthetic leather production.
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Figure PCTCN2025120865-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025120865-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025120865-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
POLYESTER POLYOL, METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME AND SYNTHETIC LEATHERPREPARED FROM THE SAMETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to polyester polyol, particularly relates to polyester polyols with low content of cyclic oligoesters.BACKGROUND
[0002] Non-food sourced biobased polyurethane is highly expected by market. Among the potential candidates for non-food sources, castor oil is the main raw material source. In polyurethane elastomer applications such as synthetic leathers and thermoplastic polyurethane products, sebacic acid originated from castor oil is receiving attentions as it can be condensed with short chain glycols (e.g., 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, or monoethylene glycol) to synthesize non-food sourced biobased polyester polyol.
[0003] Usually, a series of cyclic oligomers are generated in synthesizing polyester polyol via a condensation esterification approach. The cyclic oligomers are oligomeric esters or oligoesters formed by, for example, condensation of dicarboxylic acid and diols, or condensation of hydroxycarboxylic acid. Cyclic oligomers have no hydroxy groups to react with carboxylic groups or isocyanate groups and will remain in the final polymers such as polyester, copolyester, or polyurethane. When the polyester polyol is used for producing a polyurethane based product, the cyclic oligomers may deteriorate mechanical properties and migrate to the product surface, forming white stain (known as “blooming” ) on the surface, which is visually unpleasant.
[0004] Methods for removing cyclic oligomers from polyester polyols include thin film distillation under elevated temperature and reduced pressure, which usually consumes energy and depends on devices.
[0005] Published Chinese patent application CN115536824A provided a preparation method of poly (butylene succinate) with low cyclic by-products comprising: adding succinic acid, 1, 4-butanediol and catechin into a reaction kettle for esterification; adding a titanium-magnesium bimetal supported ionic liquid catalyst into the reaction kettle to carry out polycondensation reaction to obtain a polymer melt, and granulating the polymer melt to obtain poly (butylene succinate) .
[0006] Publication international application WO2017040505A1 disclosed to a hydroxy-terminated polyester intermediate which comprises the reaction product of one or more C2 to C12 linear diols with one or more C2 to C12 linear diacids and which has reduced cyclic oligomer content. The hydroxy-terminated polyester intermediate may be made in the presence of an enzyme or treated with an enzyme to reduce the cyclic oligomer content.SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, provided is a polyester polyol prepared from a condensation of at least one difunctional acid selected from a dicarboxylic acid and a hydroxycarboxylic acid that contains one hydroxy group and one carboxylic group, the difunctional acid having at least eight carbon atoms per molecule; and one or more diols having at least six carbon atoms and two hydroxy groups, wherein, the polyester polyol contains less than 2 wt. %of a cyclic oligoester based on a weight of the polyester polyol, and the cyclic oligoester is formed by a condensation of the dicarboxylic acid and the one or more diols or by a condensation of the hydroxycarboxylic acid.
[0008] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, provided is a polyurethane forming composition containing the polyester polyol; a chain extender having two hydroxy groups and a molecular weight of less than 500 g / mol; a catalyst; and a polyisocyanate.
[0009] According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, provided is a synthetic leather containing a fabric layer and a base layer prepared from the polyurethane forming composition. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
[0010] The term "polyester polyol" refers to a type of polyol that is used as a raw material in the production of polyurethane foams, adhesives, coatings, and elastomers. It is typically prepared through condensation of a difunctional acid, such as a dicarboxylic acid or a hydroxycarboxylic acid that contains one hydroxy group and one carboxylic group, with one or more diols that have at least 6 carbon atoms and two hydroxy groups. The resulting polymer is a polyester that contains hydroxy groups, which can react with isocyanates to form polyurethanes.
[0011] The term "cyclic oligoester" refers to a cyclic oligomeric ester with a molecular weight of less than 1, 800 g / mol formed by a condensation of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol or by a self-condensation of a hydroxycarboxylic acid. Cyclic oligoesters may be side product when polyester polyols are prepared via a condensation esterification approach.
[0012] Within a molecule of the cyclic oligoester, the number of moieties originated from the dicarboxylic acid can be one, two, three, four, or higher; meanwhile the number of moieties originated from the diol can be one, two, three, four, or higher. The number of moieties originated from the dicarboxylic acid may not necessarily equal to the number of moieties originated from the diol.
[0013] Below is a schematic drawing of an exemplary cyclic oligoester formed as condensation product of sebacic acid and 1, 3-propanediol, wherein n is an integer ranging from 1 to, 10. Each cyclic oligoester molecule contains n moieties of sebacic acid and n moieties of 1, 3-propanediol.
[0014] Below is a schematic drawing of an exemplary cyclic oligoester formed as dimer of self-condensation of ricinoleic acid. Each cyclic oligoester molecule contains two moieties of ricinoleic acid.
[0015] The term "functionality" of a polyol refers to the number of hydroxy groups per polyol molecule.
[0016] The term “index” of a polyurethane forming composition refers to the ratio of number of NCO groups over number of isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms present in the polyurethane system, given as a percentage
[0017]
[0018] [NCO] is the number of NCO groups.
[0019] [isocyanate-reactive hydrogen] is the number of isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms.
[0020] In other words, the index expresses the percentage of isocyanate actually used in a formulation with respect to the amount of isocyanate theoretically required for reacting with the amount of isocyanate-reactive hydrogen used in a formulation.
[0021] The term "isocyanate content" refers to a content of isocyanate groups in a formulation and calculated as a ratio of the mass of isocyanate groups (NCO) to the mass of the formulation. It is determined in accordance with ISO 14896 Method A and refers to wt. %.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0022] The present disclosure porovides a polyester polyol that contains low content of cyclic oligoester as impurities. The polyester polyol is prepared from a condensation of:
[0023] at least one difunctional acids selected from a dicarboxylic acid and a hydroxycarboxylic acid that contains one hydroxy group and one carboxylic group, the difunctional acid having at least eight carbon atoms per molecule; and
[0024] one or more diols having at least six carbon atoms and two hydroxy groups.
[0025] The polyester polyol comprises less than 2 wt. %of a cyclic oligoester based on a weight of the polyester polyol, wherein the cyclic oligoester is formed by a condensation of the dicarboxylic acid and the one or more diols or by a condensation of the hydroxycarboxylic acid.
[0026] Preferably, the cyclic oligoester has a molecular weight of less than 1, 800 g / mol.
[0027] Preferably, the polyester polyol comprises less than 1 wt. %of the cyclic oligoester, preferably less than 0.5 wt. %of the cyclic oligoester, further preferably less than 0.25 wt. %of the cyclic oligoester, based on the weight of the polyester polyol.
[0028] Preferably, the polyester polyol has a number average molecular weight of at least 1,500 g / mol.
[0029] Preferably, the dicarboxylic acid is octanedioic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, or a dimerized fatty acid having 24 to 48 caron atoms. Octanedioic acid, sebacic acid, and dodecanedioic acid all have bio-sources. Dimerized fatty acids can be produced by subjecting fatty acids such as lauric acid or stearic acid to dimerization and extracting the dicarboxylic acid from the reaction products.
[0030] Preferably, the hydroxycarboxylic acid is ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid, or 14-hydroxytetradecanoic acid.
[0031] To prepare the polyester polyol, the diols preferably include a diol having two hydroxy groups separated by at least six carbon atoms. Such diol, due to the relative long distance between the two hydroxy groups, are less prone to formation of cyclic oligoesters compared to diol with nearby hydroxy groups exemplified by 1, 3-propanediol or neopentyl glycol.
[0032] Preferably, the diols include a polyethylene diol, a polypropylene diol, or a combination thereof. Synthesis of polyethylene diols and polypropylene diols are known in the art and readily available commercially.
[0033] Preferably, the difunctional acids and the diols are in a weight ratio of 1: 3 to 5: 1.
[0034] The present disclosure also provides a polyurethane forming composition comprising,
[0035] the polyester polyol;
[0036] a chain extender having two hydroxy groups and a molecular weight of less than 500 g / mol;
[0037] a catalyst; and
[0038] a polyisocyanate.
[0039] The chain extender includes without limitation to monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 4-cyclohexanediol, or any other difunctional compound reactive towards isocyanate functionality.
[0040] The catalyst includes without limitation to amine catalysts and metal-based catalysts known in the art and capable of accelerating the isocyanate-polyol reaction. The catalyst includes amine-based catalysts, metal-based catalysts, and any mixture thereof.
[0041] The metal-based catalysts may be based on zinc, tin, bismuth, alkali metals, or alkali earth metals. As metal-based catalysts, it is possible to use, for example, organic tin compounds such as tin (II) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g., tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octoate, tin(II) ethylhexanoate and tin (II) laurate, and the dialkyltin (IV) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g., dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate and dioctyltin diacetate, Zn salts or Bi salts, e.g., zinc octoate, bismuth (III) neodecanoate, bismuth 2-ethylhexanoate and bismuth octanoate, or alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids, e.g., potassium acetate or potassium formate.
[0042] As amine-based catalysts, it is possible to use, for example, strongly basic amines such as N, N, N-triethylaminoethoxyethanol, bis (N, N-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, dimethyl cyclohexylamine, trimethyl hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine, dimethylbenzylamine, triethylamine, triethylenediamine, pentamethyldipropylenetriamine, dimethylethanolamine, N-methylimidazole, N-ethylimidazole, tetramethylhexamethylenediamine, tris (dimethylaminopropyl) hexahydrotriazine, dimethylaminopropylamine, N-ethylmorpholine, diazabicycloundecene, diazabicyclononene, diazabicyclooctane.
[0043] The polyisocyanate refers to one or more compounds that contain two or more isocyanate groups per molecule. The polyisocyanate component is selected from a diisocyanate, an oligomeric form of diisocyanate, a carbodiimide-modified diisocyanate, an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer, and a combination thereof. The diisocyanate may be an aliphatic diisocyanate such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, a cycloaliphatic diisocyanate such as isophorone diisocyanate or 4, 4'-methylenedi (cyclohexyl isocyanate) , or an aromatic diisocyanate such as any isomer of toluene diisocyanate or any isomer of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate.
[0044] Alternatively, the polyisocyanate component is an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer formed by reacting an excessive diisocyanate or an excessive oligomeric form of diisocyanate with an active-hydrogen containing compound. Due to insufficient number of the active-hydrogen groups respective to the isocyanate groups, all or substantially all of active-hydrogen groups in the compound are annihilated. The isocyanate-terminated prepolymer contains a plurality of urethane, urea, or thiocarbamate linkages and a plurality of terminal isocyanate groups. The active-hydrogen containing compound may include an alcohol, an amine, an aminoalcohol, a thiol, or a combination thereof. Preferably the active-hydrogen containing compound is a polyester polyol, a polyether polyol, a polycarbonate polyol, or a combination thereof.
[0045] Preferably, the polyester polyol has a content of 10 wt. %to 40 wt. %, based on a total weight of the polyurethane forming composition.
[0046] Preferably, the polyurethane forming composition has an index of 80 to 120. The range of index has a direct impact on the curing of the polyurethane forming composition: if the index is too high, for example, 200 to 300, the polyurethane forming composition may be cured into a rigid bulk material, whose flexible performance is poor; if the index is too low, the polyurethane forming composition may be unable to harden, whose mechanical strength is very low.
[0047] The present disclosure further provides a synthetic leather comprising a fabric layer and a base layer prepared from the polyurethane forming composition.
[0048] Examples
[0049] Materials and measurements
[0050] Lupranol 1200, polypropylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 450 g / mol, from BASF.
[0051] Lupranol 2095, trifunctional high reactive polyether polyol which contains primary hydroxy groups, from BASF.
[0052] Castor oil, from BASF.
[0053] Sebacic acid, from BASF.
[0054] Ricinoleic acid, from BASF.
[0055] 1, 3-propanediol, from BASF.
[0056] 1, 4-butanediol, from BASF.
[0057] Neopentyl glycol, from BASF.
[0058] ISO 136 / 26 (isocyanate prepolymer based on 4, 4'-MDI and polyether polyol, NCO content 18%, viscosity 1200 mPa·sat 25 ℃) , from BASF.
[0059] SA1, from Evonik.
[0060] Cyclic oligoesters were tested using liquid chromatography / time-of-flight / mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) . Polyester polyol sample was dissolved in acetonitrile and diluted to an acetonitrile solution of 0.5mg / mL concentration. Here, the ionization method in LC-TOF-MS was the electrospray ionization method (ESI) .
[0061] Flex resistance was tested in accordance with standard ISO 5402-1 2017. Normally, for the test pieces used in the present disclosure, passing 30,000 cycles of flexing under -10 ℃ temperature indicates an excellent flexibility under an extremely cold environment.
[0062] Comparative Example 1
[0063] 66 g sebacic acid, 12 g 1, 3-propanediol, and 22 g neopentyl glycol were added into a three-neck flask and heated to 220 ℃ under stirring. The temperature was maintained for 8 hours. Final product was obtained after distillation under a pressure of 0.03 bar at 230 ℃ for 2 hours. The obtained polyol had a functionality of 2 and a number average molecular weight of 2,000 g / mol. It was code-named “polyol 1” .
[0064] The contents of cyclic oligoesters within polyol 1 are listed in Table 1.
[0065] Comparative Example 2
[0066] 50.5 g sebacic acid and 21.4 g 1, 3-propanediol were added into a three-neck flask and heated to 220 ℃ under stirring. The temperature was maintained for 8 hours. Final product was obtained after distillation under a pressure of 0.03 bar at 230 ℃ for 2 hours. The obtained polyol had a functionality of 2 and a number average molecular weight of 2,000 g / mol. It was code-named “polyol 2” .
[0067] The contents of cyclic oligoesters within polyol 2 are listed in Table 2.
[0068] Example 1
[0069] 80 g ricinoleic acid and 20 g Lupranol 1200 were added into a three-neck flask and heated to 220 ℃ under stirring. The temperature was maintained for 8 hours. Final product was obtained after distillation under a pressure of 0.03 bar at 230 ℃ for 2 hours. The obtained polyol had a functionality of 2 and a number average molecular weight of 2, 800 g / mol. It was code-named “polyol 3” .
[0070] The contents of cyclic oligoesters within polyol 3 are listed in Table 3. No trace of dimer was detected.
[0071] Example 2
[0072] 40.4 g sebacic acid and 135 g Lupranol 1200 were added into a three-neck flask and heated to 220 ℃ under stirring. The temperature was maintained for 8 hours. Final product was obtained after distillation under a pressure of 0.03 bar at 230 ℃ for 2 hours. The obtained polyol had a functionality of 2 and a number average molecular weight of 1,682 g / mol. It was code-named “polyol 4” .
[0073] The contents of cyclic oligoesters within polyol 4 are listed in Table 4.
[0074] Table 1
[0075] Table 2
[0076] Table 3
[0077] Table 4
[0078] Application
[0079] Castor oil, the polyester polyols prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and those prepared in Examples 1 and 2 were used for producing synthetic leather products. Their properties are listed in Table 5.
[0080] The castor oil and polyols were mixed with other isocyanate-reactive compounds to form an isocyanate-reactive component, which was further mixed with isocyanate component. In the end, the polyurethane forming composition was used for preparing thin plate samples for flexibility testing. The process included:
[0081] 1. Mixing all components except ISO 136 / 26 thoroughly to form a homogeneous isocyanate–reactive component.
[0082] 2. Mixing isocyanate-reactive component and ISO 136 / 26 thoroughly and pouring it into the mold with thickness of 5 mm.
[0083] 3. Curing the mixture in step 2 for 30 minutes at 120 ℃.
[0084] Flex resistance was conducted using a flexometer and taking dry polyurethane thin plates. The sample was subject to 30,000 flex cycles under -10 ℃. If no crack was identified on the surface of samples after the flex cycles, the sample was marked “pass” ; otherwise, the sample was marked “fail” .
[0085] Table 5
[0086] Table 6
[0087] Examples 3 through 6 had roughly the same index and the major difference among the individual examples was the choice of polyols. The use of polyol 1, which contained significant amount of oligoesters, led to poor flex resistance. It is suggested that sample made from high functional castor oil suffered from rigidity and did not pass the flex resistance test.INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITYThe polyester polyol provided in the present disclosure is useful in various polymeric applications such as preparation of co-polyesters and polyurethanes. The polymers prepared from the polyester polyol have high bio-based content and low amount of cyclic oligoesters. Therefore, the blooming effects of final products prepared from the polyester polyol are well-controlled. Besides, the polyurethane prepared from the polyester polyol exhibits a high flex resistance, making it desirable for producing durable and comfortable products such as synthetic leather.
Claims
1.A polyester polyol prepared from a condensation of:(a) at least one difunctional acid selected from a dicarboxylic acid and a hydroxycarboxylic acid that contains one hydroxy group and one carboxylic group, the difunctional acid having at least eight carbon atoms per molecule; and(b) one or more diols having at least six carbon atoms and two hydroxy groups, wherein, the polyester polyol comprises less than 2 wt. %of a cyclic oligoester based on a weight of the polyester polyol, and the cyclic oligoester is formed by a condensation of the dicarboxylic acid and the one or more diols or by a condensation of the hydroxycarboxylic acid.2.The polyester polyol of claim 1, wherein the cyclic oligoester has a molecular weight of less than 1, 800 g / mol.3.The polyester polyol of claim 2, wherein the polyester polyol comprises less than 1 wt. %of the cyclic oligoester, preferably less than 0.5 wt. %of the cyclic oligoester, further preferably less than 0.25 wt. %of the cyclic oligoester, based on the weight of the polyester polyol.4.The polyester polyol of claim 1, wherein the polyester polyol has a number average molecular weight of at least 1, 500 g / mol.5.The polyester polyol of claim 1, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is octanedioic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, or a dimerized fatty acid having 24 to 48 caron atoms.6.The polyester polyol of claim 1, wherein the hydroxycarboxylic acid is ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid, or 14-hydroxytetradecanoic acid.7.The polyester polyol of claim 1, wherein the diols comprise a diol having two hydroxy groups separated by at least six carbon atoms.8.The polyester polyol of claim 1, wherein the diols comprise a polyethylene diol, a polypropylene diol, or a combination thereof.9.The polyester polyol of claim 1, wherein the difunctional acids and the diols are in a weight ratio of 1: 3 to 5: 1.10.A polyurethane forming composition comprising,the polyester polyol of any one of claims 1 to 9;a chain extender having two hydroxy groups and a molecular weight of less than 500 g / mol;a catalyst; anda polyisocyanate.11.The polyurethane forming composition of claim 10, wherein the polyester polyol has a content of 10 wt. %to 40 wt. %, based on a total weight of the polyurethane forming composition.12.The polyurethane forming composition of claim 10, wherein the polyurethane forming composition has an index of 80 to 120.13.A synthetic leather comprising a fabric layer and a base layer prepared from the polyurethane forming composition of any one of claims 10 to 12.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Preparation method of low-cyclic byproduct poly (butylene succinate) polyester
CN115536824A
Hydroxyl compound for preparing two-component solvent-free polyurethane resin and application thereof
CN115975143A
Low fogging polyester polyurethane foams
US5712320A
Polyols with reduced cyclic oligomer content and thermoplastic polyurethane compositions thereof
WO2017040505A1