Cap with built-in filteration system for liquid containers

Abstract

Disclosed is a cap for a liquid container, comprising a housing with an inlet and an outlet. The housing includes at least two removable support grid members positioned within it—one near the inlet and one near the outlet—designed to hold a removable filtration cartridge containing filtration media, such as granular activated carbon (GAC), for filtering contaminants from liquids. The cap further comprises a flow control member near the inlet that regulates the flow of liquid towards the filtration cartridge, ensuring optimal filtration efficiency. The housing may be formed as either a two-part removable structure or a single integral unit. Additionally, the support grid members can incorporate mesh screens to filter larger particles, while an outlet flow guiding member may direct filtered liquid toward the outlet. The cap is suitable for various applications, offering a reliable filtration system that ensures the safe dispensation of filtered liquids.

Description

CAP WITH BUILT-IN FILTERATION SYSTEM FOR LIQUID CONTAINERSTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to liquid container caps. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a cap with a built-in filtration unit for dispensing filtered liquids.BACKGROUND

[0002] Generally, consumption of beverages packaged in single-use plastic bottles is widespread across the globe, with over 600 billion plastic bottles being used annually. Such plastic bottles often contain harmful contaminants such as nano-plastics and chemical compounds known as Obesogens. Obesogens are compounds commonly found in plastics and agricultural pesticides, and they have been identified as contributors to rising obesity rates globally as such contaminants are unintentionally ingested through beverages and food items packaged in plastic containers.

[0003] In addition to Obesogens, another prevalent contaminant in drinking water is chloroform, a common trihalomethane (TTHM) byproduct formed during chlorine disinfection of water. Chloroform poses potential health risks, including links to cancer and liver damage. Thus, removing chloroform and similar contaminants from water is critical.

[0004] However, despite an urgent need to combat the global obesity epidemic and mitigate health risks from harmful compounds like Obesogens and chloroform, current filtration solutions remain inadequate. Existing filtration systems are usually designed for multi-use bottles or large-scale water filtration systems and remain incompatible with single-use bottles. Moreover, these systems fail to effectively filter contaminants such as Obesogens, nanoplastics, and chloroform from beverages packaged in single-use plastic bottles. Thus, commercially available filters are limited in compatibility as they fit and work only with specific bottle designs and materials.

[0005] Further, the existing solutions present in the market doesn’t offer replaceable filter cartridge for filtering the liquids for liquid containers.

[0006] The current market solutions for liquid containers with filtration capabilities often lack a replaceable filtration cartridge. This means that once the built-in filter becomes clogged, worn out, or ineffective after prolonged use, users are left with limited options. Typically, they must either replace the entire cap or container or attempt to clean the filter manually, which can be inconvenient and often ineffective. This limitation presents several challenges. First, non- replaceable filters have a limited lifespan, especially when used with heavily contaminated liquids. Over time, these filters accumulate debris and contaminants, reducing their filtration efficiency. Once the filter reaches its maximum capacity, users are left with a non-functional filtration system, forcing them to continue using it despite compromised water quality or to replace the entire container or cap.

[0007] Second, the lack of a replaceable filter poses hygiene concerns. As the filter degrades, it may allow contaminants to pass through, compromising the safety of the liquid being dispensed. Users may unknowingly consume water that has not been adequately filtered, increasing potential health risks. Additionally, the inability to replace the filter increases costs and environmental impact. Since users must discard and replace the entire cap or container when the filter fails, this results in more waste and a higher financial burden over time. Such designs contribute to unnecessary environmental pollution, as single-use containers and caps are often disposed of after limited use.

[0008] Finally, maintenance of non-replaceable filters can be difficult. Cleaning these filters is often impractical and may not restore their original filtration performance. Users may find it challenging to clean the filter thoroughly or might lack the time to maintain it properly. In contrast, a solution that incorporates replaceable filtration cartridges offers greaterconvenience, allowing users to simply swap out the used filter for a new one. This not only extends the lifespan of the cap but also ensures continued filtration efficiency, better hygiene, reduced waste, and cost savings.

[0009] Other existing solutions that do offer replaceable filters tend to face significant limitations, especially when subjected to high -volume liquid flow. These filters often wear out prematurely due to the constant high flow of liquid, reducing their lifespan and overall effectiveness. As a result, they require frequent replacement, making them inconvenient and costly for users. Moreover, such high-flow replaceable filters are generally not designed for use with liquid containers intended for daily life activities, such as disposable water bottles, travel flasks, or small containers. Their design and functionality may be better suited for industrial or large-scale filtration systems rather than for everyday use.

[0010] For regular consumers, who seek a portable, convenient filtration solution for daily hydration needs, these high-volume systems are impractical. They may not fit the typical size of disposable containers or may not provide the necessary balance between efficient filtration and durability over time. Additionally, the frequent need for replacement due to premature wear makes them less sustainable and increases the cost burden for users. Consequently, there is a gap in the market for filtration caps that can be used with disposable liquid containers, offering both the durability to withstand daily use and the convenience of replaceable filters without the downsides of early wear due to high-volume flow.

[0011] In light of the above discussion, it is clear that there is an urgent need for an improved filtration solution that addresses the shortcomings of existing products. Specifically, there is a need for a system capable of effectively filtering contaminants such as nano-plastics, obesogens, and chloroform from beverages consumed from single-use bottles. Additionally, this solution should incorporate a replaceable filtration cartridge designed for prolonged use,ensuring that it lasts longer and remains effective despite regular daily use. Such a design would offer consumers a convenient, sustainable, and cost-effective method for purifying beverages, while maintaining the durability and filtration efficiency necessary for disposable liquid containers.SUMMARY

[0012] The present disclosure provides a cap for a liquid container with a built-in filtration system to filter contaminants from liquids, such as water, stored in containers. The cap comprises a housing that has an inlet and an outlet. Inside the housing, there are at least two removable support grid members — one located near the inlet and another near the outlet. These support grid members help hold a removable filtration cartridge containing filtration media, such as granular activated carbon (GAC), between them.

[0013] The filtration cartridge filters contaminants from the liquid flowing from the inlet to the outlet. A flow control member to control the flow of contaminated liquid from the liquid container towards the filtration cartridge is provided near the inlet. Such a design allows for controlled regulation of liquid flow, ensuring that the speed of flow is appropriately managed. Further, by slowing down the flow rate, the flow control member increases the contact time of the liquid with the filtration media, thereby improving the filtration efficiency. Such an operation ensures that contaminants are effectively removed before the liquid is dispensed from the outlet, enhancing the overall performance of the filtration system.

[0014] In one embodiment, the housing is formed from two detachable parts: a top part that includes the outlet for dispensing filtered liquid, and a bottom part that is attachable to the liquid container. Alternatively, the housing can be formed as a single integral unit to simplify the structure.

[0015] In a further embodiment, the second diameter is selected from a range of 5% to 95% of the first diameter. Such proportional design allows for flexibility in the flow rate and pressure control of the liquid passing through the filtration media.

[0016] In yet another embodiment, the flow control member is integrally formed with the filtration media. Such integral fabrication of the flow control member and the filtration media increases manufacturing and replacement convenience associated therewith.

[0017] In a further embodiment, the cap comprises a mesh screen selected from: a grill, or a water permeable membrane. The mesh screen facilitates smooth and controlled flow of the contaminated liquid from the liquid container towards the filtration media.

[0018] The cap may further include fastening means on the support grid near the inlet to secure the flow control member in place. In other embodiments, the flow control member can be integrally formed with either the filtration cartridge or the support grid member near the inlet, simplifying assembly and reducing the number of parts required.

[0019] The support grid members themselves may act as an additional pre-filter, with options such as a mesh screen or grill, capable of filtering larger particles before the liquid reaches the filtration media. This feature ensures that larger contaminants are captured, reducing clogging and extending the lifespan of the filtration media.

[0020] In another embodiment, the outlet is selected from a spout or a mouth having a lid. The outlet configuration provides versatility in the method of filtered liquid dispensation based on user preference.

[0021] In another embodiment, the granular activated carbon of the filtration media is associated with an average particle size within a range of 100 pm to 250 pm. Such particle size is optimized for filtering contaminants such as chloroform and other impurities from the liquid passing through the cap.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Notwithstanding any other forms which may fall within the scope of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: to the drawings, in which:

[0023] FIG. 1 illustrates a side view of a cap for a liquid container, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] FIG. 2-3 shows an exploded view of the cap of FIG. 1, in accordance with first embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] FIG. 4-5 shows an exploded view of the cap, in accordance with second another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of the current invention illustrating filtration cartridge and flow control member as single body component.

[0027] Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of the current invention illustrating filtration cartridge and outlet flow guiding member as single body component.

[0028] Fig. 8 shows another embodiment of the current invention illustrating filtration cartridge, flow control member and outlet flow guiding member as single body component.

[0029] FIG. 9 shows a top view of a flow control member with the support grid member, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 10 shows a top view of an outlet flow guiding member, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIGs. ll(a)-(d) show different filtration media with or without a flow control member (such as the flow control member of FIGs. 1-3), in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0032] FIG. 12 shows a comparison of chloroform mass fraction contours between a baseline filtration model and an optimized filtration model, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; andDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] The example embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The description herein is intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the example embodiments herein can be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the example embodiments herein. Accordingly, this disclosure should not be construed as limiting the scope of the example embodiments herein.

[0034] FIG. 1 illustrates a side view of a cap 100 for a liquid container 102, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The cap 100 is designed to filter contaminated liquid 118 before dispensation and use thereof by a user, ensuring that any contaminants present in the contaminated liquid 118 are effectively removed through the use of a filtration system.

[0035] The cap 100 comprises a housing 104 fabricated from a food-grade material. Such fabrication of the cap 100 ensures safety for contact with consumable liquids, preventing contamination from the material itself. Examples of food-grade materials that may be used for the housing 104 include high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which is commonly employed forits durability and chemical resistance and polypropylene (PP), known for its toughness and heat resistance. Optionally, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) may also be used for its lightweight properties and resistance to water absorption, while stainless steel may be implemented in another example to provide additional structural strength and hygienic benefits, particularly for reusable liquid containers. Such materials are compliant with regulatory standards for food safety, ensuring that no harmful substances are leached into the liquid during storage thereof within the liquid container 102 or dispensation thereof from the outlet 110.

[0036] The housing 104 is structured to accommodate multiple functional components that enable both filtration and flow control of the liquid. The housing 104 is divided into two parts, namely the first part 106 and the second part 108. The first part 106 is implemented as a top region that includes an outlet 110 and the second part 108 is implemented as bottom region that includes an inlet 112. The diameter associated with the outlet 110 is smaller than the diameter associated with the inlet 112. The outlet 110 is specifically designed to dispense liquid 118 through the cap. The configuration of the outlet 110 allows for smooth dispensation of filtered liquid after purification thereof, minimizing the risk of spills or leakage.

[0037] In one embodiment of the current invention, the first part 106 is removably attached to the second part 108, facilitating easy disassembly for cleaning, replacement of parts or inspection. Such modular attachment is beneficial in scenarios where frequent maintenance is required, such as when a filtration cartridge 114 needs replacement after prolonged use or exposure to heavily contaminated water sources.

[0038] Optionally, the first part 106 and second part 108 may be connected through threading, with each part having corresponding threads to enable secure attachment. Such a threaded connection allows for straightforward unscrewing and reattaching, ensuring a tight fit that prevents leaks while maintaining ease of disassembly. In another example, the first part 106and second part 108 could be integrally coupled, such that they are (and the cap 100 is) fabricated as a single unit. Such integration may reduce the need for alignment during reattachment, simplifying the design for users seeking a more streamlined cap structure.

[0039] Additionally, the first part 106 and second part 108 can be hinged to one another or to the liquid container 102 itself, ensuring that the parts remain connected and preventing accidental misplacement during use or cleaning. Such a hinged connection provides added convenience in environments where losing components could be problematic, such as outdoor or travel situations where the cap may need frequent disassembly and reassembly.

[0040] Further, contained within the first part 106 is the filtration cartridge 114, which comprises a filtration media comprising a bed of granular activated carbon. The diameter associated with the first part 106 can be implemented to enable accommodation of the filtration cartridge 114 snugly within the first part 106, ensuring optimal filtration performance. Alternatively, the first diameter is designed to be smaller, allowing for a more compact configuration and easy replacement thereof. In another example, the filtration cartridge 114 is designed as a detachable and replaceable part, such as a ring or disc-shaped structure. Such design allows the filtration cartridge 114 to be easily screwed, clipped or snapped into place within the first part 106, thereby facilitating straightforward replacement or cleaning when necessary. The modular approach enhances the overall functionality of the cap 100, ensuring that users can maintain optimal filtration effectiveness with minimal effort.

[0041] The filtration media is specifically designed to filter contaminants passing through the cap, ensuring that only filtered liquid 112 is dispensed from the outlet 110. It will be appreciated that granular activated carbon is known for high surface area and ability to trap a wide variety of contaminants, including chlorine, chloroform, sediment, Obesogens, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nano-plastics and other impurities. The filtration cartridge 114 isparticularly useful in applications where water may be sourced from less reliable sources, such as in outdoor or emergency scenarios or where users wish to enhance the quality of already treated water for drinking or cooking purposes.

[0042] The filtration cartridge 114 is associated with a first diameter that extends across a significant portion of the housing 104, ensuring ample filtration capacity. Such a wide surface area allows for a substantial volume of water to pass through the filtration media, optimizing flow rates while maintaining filtration effectiveness. In practical use, the first diameter of the filtration cartridge 114 being wide ensures that users do not have to wait long periods for water to be filtered, making the cap suitable for both everyday use and in situations where access to clean water is critical, such as during hiking or camping trips.

[0043] The second part 108, functioning as a bottom cap, is designed to be removably attached to both the first part 106 and the liquid container 102. The detachable nature of the second part 108 enhances versatility of the cap 100, allowing the cap 100 to be easily swapped between different liquid containers or removed for thorough cleaning. Such a cap 100 can be used with multiple types of liquids, preventing cross-contamination between different beverages or between contaminated and filtered water.

[0044] Additionally, the second part 108 comprises a flow control member 116. The flow control member 116 is essential for controlling the flow of the contaminated liquid 118 from the liquid container 102 towards the filtration cartridge 114. The flow control member 116 ensures that the liquid is evenly distributed across the filtration cartridge 114, increasing contact time of each volume of liquid passing towards the filtration cartridge 114 and maximizing the efficiency of the filtration process. The filtration cartridge 114 also prevents large particulates from reaching the filtration cartridge 114, thereby protecting the filtration cartridge 114 fromclogging or excessive wear, which is particularly important when dealing with untreated water sources containing significant debris or sediment.

[0045] The flow control member 116 is associated with a second diameter that is less than the first diameter of the filtration cartridge 114. The smaller second diameter ensures that contaminated liquid 118 can effectively pass around the flow control member 116 towards the filtration cartridge 114, enabling efficient filtration. The design allows the filtration cartridge 114 to cover a larger surface area, facilitating improved contaminant removal. Further, the smaller diameter of the flow control member 116 contributes to a more compact overall design, enhancing the portability of the cap 100 and making the cap 100 suitable for a wide range of liquid containers.

[0046] In use case scenarios, the design of the cap 100 proves particularly beneficial for users who require a reliable, portable filtration system. For example, outdoor enthusiasts, hikers or individuals in emergency situations could use the cap 100 to convert water from streams or lakes into potable water. Additionally, the ease of disassembly of the cap 100 makes the cap 100 convenient for users to clean the components after use in contaminated environments, further extending the lifespan of the cap 100.

[0047] Further, the cap 100 comprises at least one support grid member 120, 122 to support the filtration cartridge 114 from a top side and / or a bottom side of the filtration cartridge 114. These support grid members 120, 122 not only hold the filtration cartridge 114 securely in place when installed but also maintain the structural integrity of the cartridge during operation, preventing sagging or shifting that could compromise filtration effectiveness. Fabricated from a durable food-grade material, the support grid members 120, 122 ensure safety for contact with consumable liquids. They are structured to allow for optimal liquid flow, encouraging efficient contact between the contaminated liquid and the filtration cartridge 114. Additionally,the support grid members 120, 122 may include features such as perforations or mesh-like structures, enabling the passage of liquid while providing necessary support to the filtration cartridge 114. This design enhances the overall filtration performance of the cap 100 while also contributing to the longevity and reliability of the cap 100, particularly in applications where the cap is subjected to frequent use and varied liquid conditions. Furthermore, the modular nature of the support grid members 120, 122 allows for easy disassembly and replacement, facilitating maintenance and ensuring that the filtration system remains effective over time.

[0048] The support grid member 120 is placed near the outlet 110 of the housing 104 and the support grid member 122 is placed near the inlet 112 of the housing 104.

[0049] In an embodiment, the filtration cartridge 114 is configured to be detachably received within the first part 106, allowing for easy replacement and maintenance when necessary. The modular design ensures that users can conveniently access the filtration cartridge 114 for cleaning or replacement, particularly in scenarios involving prolonged use or exposure to heavily contaminated liquids. Similarly, the flow control member 116 is configured to be detachably received within the second part 108, facilitating efficient disassembly and maintenance of the cap 100 as a whole. Such a design enhances the user experience by enabling straightforward upkeep, ensuring that the cap 100 remains functional and effective over time.

[0050] Further, each of the filtration cartridge 114 and the flow control member 116 can be shaped as a ring, disc, or other geometrical configurations, tailored to maximize surface area contact with the contaminated liquid while fitting securely within the first part 106. Moreover, to further simplify the connection and assembly of these components, both the filtration cartridge 114 and the flow control member 116 can be implemented to be magnetized components. Such a feature allows for a convenient snap-fit connection, making it easy for users to attach or detach the components without the need for tools. For example, each of thefiltration cartridge 114 and the flow control member 116 are fabricated using food-safe magnets, such as from rare earth materials designed to meet safety standards of FDA, ISO and HACCP2. Such magnets help prevent metal fragments from entering and passing through the filtration cartridge 114, further improving filtration of the contaminated liquid 118. Optionally, each of the filtration cartridge 114 and the flow control member 116 is encased in a food-safe coating to prevent leaching or contamination, ensuring that the cap 100 remains safe for use with consumable liquids. The incorporation of such features not only streamlines the maintenance process but also enhances the overall functionality and user satisfaction with the cap 100.

[0051] In an embodiment, the second diameter of the flow control member 116 is selected from a range of 5% to 95% of the first diameter associated with the filtration cartridge 114. It will be appreciated that a smaller second diameter, closer to 5%, increases the flow rate of the contaminated liquid 118 towards the filtration cartridge 114, thereby speeding up the filtration process. Such design is particularly beneficial in scenarios where quick access to clean water is necessary, such as in school settings where children are using already well-treated water and the cap 100 is used to further improve safety associated with usage of the water.

[0052] Conversely, a larger second diameter, closer to 95%, allows for a slower flow rate, which enhances the filtration accuracy. Such configuration is ideal for situations where the water is expected to be heavily contaminated, such as during hiking or traveling in remote areas. Thus, by optimizing the second diameter based on the anticipated quality of the water source, users can tailor the filtration performance to meet their specific needs.

[0053] In another embodiment, the flow control member 116 is integrally formed with the filtration cartridge 114. Such a design enhances the overall functionality of the cap 100 by creating a unified structure that simplifies assembly and reduces the number of componentsneeded. Further, by integrating the flow control member 116 with the filtration cartridge 114, the cap 100 can more effectively manage the flow of contaminated liquid 118 entering the filtration system. The integration allows for precise control over liquid passage, optimizing the interaction between the contaminated liquid and the filtration media.

[0054] Further, as seen in fig. 1, outlet flow guiding member 124 is also placed near the outlet 110 of the housing 104. The outlet flow guiding member 124 partially covers the top of the filtration cartridge 114 to guide flow of the liquid through a portion of the filtration cartridge 104, not covered by the outlet flow guiding member 124. The outlet flow guiding member 124 functions to direct the flow of filtered liquid out of filtration cartridge 114, ensuring that the liquid flows uniformly through the filtration cartridge 114 before exiting. The outlet flow guiding member 124 is divided into two regions, an outer region 1241 and inner region 1242 (shown in fig. 8). The inner region 1242 allows the water to pass through the filtration cartridge 114 outwards. The outer region 1242 is made from the material similar to flow control member 116 to block the flow of liquid to pass through the filter, and guide it toward the inner region 1242.

[0055] Referring now to fig. 2 and fig. 3 is shown an exploded view of the cap 100 and installation of the various components in the cap 100, with reference to the first embodiment.

[0056] Firstly, the top member 104 and the bottom member are placed separately, in the top member 104, the outlet flow guiding member 124 is installed near the outlet 110, followed by support grid member 120. Simultaneously, in the bottom member 106, the flow control member 116 is installed followed by the support grid member 122 near the inlet 108. The bottom member 106 comprises fastening means within to hold the flow control member 116 and support grid member 122 in position. The bottom member 106 is installed on the bottle 102and then the filter cartridge 114 is placed on the top of the bottom member 106 and the top member 104 is then locked with the joining methods discussed above.

[0057] Referring now to fig. 4 and fig. 5, in correspond to the second embodiment where the housing 104 is formed from of a single body is discussed. As seen in fig. 4 and fig. 5, the housing 104 is manufactured from a single piece. Firstly, the outlet flow guiding member 124 is installed near the outlet 110 followed by the support grid member 120. After that the filtration cartridge 114 is installed followed by the support grid memberl22 and flow control method 116. The housing 104 comprises fastening means to hold all the components i.e support grid members 120 and 122, flow control member 116, filtration cartridge 114 and the outlet flow guiding member 124 in place to hold these in fixed position once installed. Once all the components are installed within the housing 104, the housing 104 is then installed on the water bottle 102.

[0058] Referring now to fig. 6, in another embodiment of the current invention, the filtration cartridge 114 and the flow control member 116 can be made in a single body component.

[0059] Referring now to fig. 7, in another embodiment of the current invention, the filtration cartridge 114 and the outlet flow guiding member 124 can be made in a single body component.

[0060] Referring now to fig. 8, in another embodiment of the current invention, the filtration cartridge 116, the flow control member 116, and the outlet flow guiding member 124 can be made in a single body component.

[0061] In another embodiment of the current invention, the support grid member 122 and the outlet flow guiding member 122 can be made in a single body component (Top view shown in fig- 9).

[0062] In another embodiment of the current invention, the support grid member 120 and the flow control member 116 can be made in a single body component (Top view shown in fig. 10).

[0063] Moreover, from a manufacturing perspective, the integrated design streamlines production processes, as it reduces the complexity associated with assembling multiple parts. It will be appreciated that fewer components mean less potential for misalignment or assembly errors, leading to a more reliable end product. Moreover, the unified structure can be produced using techniques such as injection molding or 3D printing, which facilitate rapid production and scalability. Thus, such an approach not only improves filtration performance but also enhances manufacturing efficiency, resulting in a more cost-effective solution for producing the cap 100.

[0064] In an embodiment, the support grid members 120, 122 are selected from a grill, a water permeable membrane. The support grid members 120, 122 directs the liquid while also enabling control over the flow rate, thereby improving filtration efficiency, especially in situations where the liquid is overly contaminated. Further, by regulating the speed at which the contaminated liquid 118 approaches the filtration cartridge 114, the support grid members 120, 122 ensures that the filtration media has sufficient time to effectively capture and remove impurities. Optionally, the support grid members 120, 122 are detachably disposed around the flow control member 116 and filtration cartridge 114. It will be appreciated that the dimensions of the support grid members 120, 122 is selected to correspond to those of the flow control member 116.

[0065] Moreover, the support grid members 120, 122 can act as a barrier, filtering out larger contaminants that may be present when the water is sourced from uncontrolled environments, such as lakes, rivers or streams. In such scenarios, larger debris, sediment and particulate mattercan be effectively trapped by support grid members 120, 122, preventing them from reaching the filtration cartridge 114 and the outlet 110. Such operation of the support grid members 120, 122 is advantageous when the cap 100 is used in outdoor activities like hiking or camping, where users may encounter varying water quality.

[0066] Additionally, by filtering out such larger particles, the support grid members 120 helps to prevent clogging of the filtration cartridge 114 with debris and contaminants, which can otherwise shorten lifespan thereof. Such proactive design consideration enhances the durability of both the filtration cartridge 114 and the cap 100 overall, allowing for extended use and reliable performance even in challenging water conditions. Such tailored design ensures that the cap 100 effectively addresses a variety of liquid conditions, whether the water is sourced from a heavily-contaminated water source from a natural environment or relatively clean water from a treated source. Thus, the support grid members 120, 122 configurations can be adjusted to maximize performance and consequently, the cap 100 promotes improved filtration performance in diverse scenarios, allowing users to enjoy safe, clean drinking water regardless of the source.

[0067] In a further embodiment, the support grid members 120, 122 is selected from a grill or a water-permeable membrane. Each design serves a specific purpose in optimizing the flow of liquid entering the filtration cartridge 114. For example, a grill o can provide maximum surface area exposure for the liquid while minimizing blockage. The open design of the grill allows the contaminated liquid 118 to flow through with minimal resistance, ensuring that a significant volume of liquid can be processed quickly while a substantially closed structure of the water permeable member ensures capturing of significant contaminants before reaching the filtration cartridge 114. Such efficient flow minimizes the chance of pressure build-up, which could otherwise affect the filtration performance.

[0068] In an embodiment, the outlet 110 of the cap 100 is selected from a spout or a mouth having a lid. As shown for illustrative purposes, the outlet 110 is implemented as the spout 110. The design of the spout 110 enables precise control over the flow of liquid, allowing for easy pouring or sipping, which is beneficial in situations where users may need to dispense liquids quickly, such as during outdoor activities or while on the go. The spout 110 can be designed to include features such as a locking mechanism or a push-button operation, ensuring that the liquid is dispensed only when intended, thereby minimizing the risk of spills and ensuring user convenience.

[0069] Alternatively, the mouth with a lid configuration offers a versatile option for dispensing liquids. Such design allows for a wider opening, which can accommodate a variety of drinking methods, including direct sipping or pouring into other containers. The lid serves to protect the outlet from contamination when not in use, helping to maintain the cleanliness of the cap 100. Additionally, a hinged or removable lid can facilitate easy access for cleaning or refilling, enhancing the overall user experience.

[0070] In an embodiment, the flow control member 116 is associated with a non-cylindrical shape. Such non-cylindrical shapes not only optimize the flow dynamics but also improve the overall filtration performance of the cap 100. Further, by employing various geometrical configurations, the cap 100 can adapt to a wide range of liquid conditions, ensuring that users benefit from efficient and effective filtration, regardless of the source or quality of the liquid.

[0071] For example, the non-cylindrical shape of the flow control member 116 can take various forms, including but not limited to, a square shape, a rectangular shape or angular configurations, each of which can facilitate the flow of liquid from specific directions. For instance, a square-shaped flow control member can direct liquid flow more efficiently from the corners, promoting even distribution toward the filtration cartridge 114. Similarly, a triangularor trapezoidal shape can create distinct flow channels that guide the liquid in targeted directions, enhancing the overall effectiveness of the filtration process.

[0072] In addition to these angular shapes, unconventional designs, such as a curvilinear or star-shaped flow control member, can further increase turbulence within the liquid. The intricate geometry of a star-shaped member can create multiple points of interaction as the liquid flows around the arms of the shar shape, significantly enhancing mixing and contact with the filtration cartridge 114. The increase in turbulence promotes better adsorption of contaminants and ensures that the liquid is thoroughly processed before reaching the outlet 110.

[0073] In an embodiment, the granular activated carbon (GAC) used in the filtration cartridge 114 is associated with an average particle size within a range of 100 pm to 250 pm. Such specific particle size is critical for achieving effective filtration performance, as it strikes a balance between optimizing flow rate and maximizing adsorption capacity for a wide array of contaminants.

[0074] Granular activated carbon, such as GAC 172, possesses properties that enhance its effectiveness in removing various impurities. The GAC 172 is associated with a density of 580 kg / m3and porosity of 64.0%, providing a high surface area for adsorption, which is essential for capturing contaminants like chloroform, which is a common trihalomethane (TTHM) found in chlorinated drinking water. The average particle size allows the GAC to efficiently adsorb both micro-contaminants and larger particles, improving the overall filtration efficiency.

[0075] In particular, the filtration cartridge 114 comprising GAC with particle sizes in the range of 100 pm to 250 pm is designed to optimize the removal of harmful substances. For example, the cap 100 is capable of achieving chloroform removal rates within a range of 60% to 80%, depending on the concentration of chloroform in the water. Such efficiency is vital for ensuring that drinking water meets safety standards and is free from contaminants that pose health risks.

[0076] Moreover, the particle size of the GAC allows it to maintain a high adsorption rate without excessively restricting the flow of liquid through the filtration unit. Such characteristic is especially beneficial in practical applications, such as when filtering water from municipal sources or natural bodies of water, where the quality of the liquid may vary significantly. The effective adsorption capabilities of the GAC, combined with its robust structural properties, enable the cap 100 to serve as a versatile and reliable solution for users seeking safe and clean drinking water in diverse environments.

[0077] FIGs. ll(a)-(c) show different filtration media 400-402 with or without a flow control member (such as the flow control member 116 of FIGs. 1-3), in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure. The different designs of the filtration media 400-402 provide diverse solutions for optimizing the filtration performance of the cap 100 depending on the specific use case and flow conditions.

[0078] FIG. 11(a) illustrates a porous cylindrical design with a filtration cartridge 114 without any flow control. This design is termed as a baseline model where no flow control is introduced in the inlet or the outlet of the filtration cartridge 114. The baseline model shown serves as a fundamental reference point for evaluating the performance of a granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration system in removing chloroform from water. This model consists of a cylindrical pipe with a diameter of 2.9 cm, through which water flows, containing a chloroform concentration of 60 pg / L. Inside the pipe, a filtration cartridge with a diameter of 2.8 cm and a thickness of 2.5 cm holds the activated carbon (GAC 172), which is used to adsorb the chloroform from the water. The model is designed without any flow control mechanisms at the inlet or outlet, allowing the water to flow freely through the system without restrictions. This lack of flow control means the water flow is not altered or managed to optimize the contact time between the water and the activated carbon. The baseline model’s performance is evaluated in terms of how well it removes chloroform from the water and the operationallifespan of the filter cartridge before it needs to be replaced. The total flow volume required to achieve 80% chloroform removal serves as a guideline for determining when the filter should be replaced. In the case of this baseline model, the filter needs to be replaced after filtering approximately 1.5 liters of water, with a replacement period ranging from 8hrs to 9hrs, depending on daily water usage. However, this model highlights several limitations, including a short operational lifespan, inefficient adsorption due to rapid water flow through the filter, and uneven distribution of water across the filter, which leads to some areas of the activated carbon being underutilized.

[0079] Fig. 11 (b) illustrates a porous cylindrical design of the filtration cartridge 114 without employing a flow control member and controlling outlet flow. Such a configuration increases the amount of liquid flowing to the filtration media at any given time, increasing the contact surface area between the liquid and the GAC present within the filtration cartridge 114. However, the contact time of the contaminated liquid with the filtration cartridge 114 is comparatively increased in comparison to the baseline model, thereby increasing the adsorption rate of contaminants such as chloroform. The porous structure increases filtration speed of the liquid by the filtration cartridge 114. The flow of the contaminated liquid through the filtration cartridge 114 results in the filtration cartridge 114 achieving a total flow volume of up to 7.8 liters before requiring replacement. Further, at a daily flow rate of 1823.50 ml (minimum flow rate), the design supports a replacement period of approximately 4 days, whereas at a flow rate of 2370.55 ml (maximum flow rate), the replacement period is approximately 3 days.

[0080] FIG. 11(c) shows a cylindrical flow control member 400 with a solid bottom portion having a diameter of 28 mm. The design increases the total flow volume to 17.2 liters before requiring replacement as compared to the filtration cartridge 114 without a flow control member of FIG. 11(a), allowing for a longer replacement period. Moreover, under minimum daily flow conditions, the filtration cartridge 114 requires replacement after 9 days, while undermaximum flow conditions, replacement is needed after 7 days. The solid bottom portion of the flow control member 400 ensures structural integrity and minimizes sediment buildup. However, the larger size of the flow control member provides small spaces between the flow control member and the housing, leading to sediment buildup therein and potential blockage issues.

[0081] FIG. 11(d) illustrates a cylindrical flow control member 402 with a solid bottom portion having a diameter of 15 mm. The optimized design offers a balance between flow rate and filtration efficiency by the filtration cartridge 114, achieving a total flow volume of 13.7 liters before requiring replacement, which is slightly lesser compared to the cylindrical flow control member 400 with a solid bottom portion having a diameter of 28 mm. Further, under minimum flow conditions, the filtration cartridge 114 requires replacement after approximately 7 days and under maximum flow conditions, replacement is needed after 6 days. Such configuration ensures the best contaminant removal while preventing sediment accumulation and ensuring consistent liquid flow through the filtration cartridge 114.

[0082] FIG. 12 shows a comparison of chloroform mass fraction contours between a baseline filtration model 500 and an optimized filtration model 502, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The comparison between the baseline filtration model 500 and the optimized filtration model 502 demonstrates the effectiveness of the optimized filtration media design in improving contaminant removal and maintaining consistent water quality over time. Such enhancements provide practical benefits in high-demand applications where maintaining filtration efficiency is important. As shown, the baseline model 500 represents filtration of the liquid by the filtration media (such as the filtration cartridge 114 of FIGs. 1-3) without employing a flow control member whereas the optimized model 502 demonstrates improvements in adsorption performance through addition of the flow control member.

[0083] In the baseline model 500, chloroform concentration is higher near the outlet of the filtration unit, indicating incomplete removal of contaminants as the liquid passes through the filtration media. The chloroform mass fraction contour highlights areas of inefficiency where the adsorption rate is reduced due to suboptimal flow distribution across the filtration media. Such an uneven distribution of liquid results in lower overall adsorption performance, necessitating frequent filter replacement to maintain acceptable water quality.

[0084] In contrast, the optimized model 502 significantly reduces the chloroform concentration near the outlet, as seen in the lower mass fraction contours. The inclusion of the flow control member to the design enables to increase contact time of the contaminated liquid with the filtration media, thereby improving filtration efficiency. The availability of different types of flow control member, such as, flow control member having different cylindrical configurations and porosities, ensure uniform flow distribution and increased contact time between the liquid and the filtration media comprising GAC, resulting in enhanced adsorption rates for chloroform and other contaminants. The optimized model 502 achieves a higher overall removal rate, prolonging the effective operational lifespan of the filtration media and reducing the need for frequent replacements.

[0085] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and / or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that theembodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein.

[0086] The foregoing description and accompanying figures illustrate the principles, embodiments and modes of operation of the invention. However, the invention should not be construed as being limited to the particular embodiments discussed above. Additional variations of the embodiments discussed above will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

[0087] Therefore, the above-described embodiments should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Accordingly, it should be appreciated that variations to those embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

[0088] The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes”, “including”, “having” and their conjugates mean “including but not limited to” and indicate that the components listed are included, but not generally to the exclusion of other components. Such terms encompass the terms “consisting of’ and “consisting essentially of’.

[0089] The phrase “consisting essentially of’ means that the composition or method may include additional ingredients and / or steps, but only if the additional ingredients and / or steps do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the composition or method.

[0090] As used herein, the singular form “a”, “an” and “the” may include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the term “a compound” or “at least one compound” may include a plurality of compounds, including mixtures thereof.

[0091] The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance or illustration”. Any embodiment described as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or to exclude the incorporation of features from other embodiments.

[0092] The word “optionally” is used herein to mean “is provided in some embodiments and not provided in other embodiments”. Any particular embodiment of the disclosure may include a plurality of “optional” features unless such features conflict.

[0093] It is appreciated that certain features of the disclosure, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the disclosure, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination or as suitable in any other described embodiment of the disclosure. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments are not to be considered essential features of those embodiments, unless the embodiment is inoperative without those elements.

[0094] Although the disclosure has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the disclosure.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A cap for a liquid container, comprising: a housing having an inlet and an outlet; at least two removable support grid member positioned within the housing, wherein at least one removable support grid member is positioned near the inlet and at least one removable support grid member is positioned near the outlet; a removable filtration cartridge comprising filtration media disposed between the at least two support grid members, wherein the filtration media is configured to filter liquid flowing from the inlet to the outlet; a flow control member arranged near the support grid member positioned near the inlet, wherein the flow control member is configured to regulate the flow of liquid from the inlet towards the removable filtration cartridge which results in increase usage life of the removable filtration cartrdige.

2. The cap of claim 1, wherein the housing is formed from two parts and wherein a first part corresponds to an outlet region and a second part corresponds to an inlet region.

3. The cap of claim 1, wherein the housing is formed as a single integral part.

4. The cap of claim 1, wherein a diameter of the outlet is smaller than a diameter of the inlet.

5. The cap of claim 1, wherein a diameter of the filtration cartridge is smaller than the diameter of the inlet.

6. The cap of claim 1, wherein a diameter of the flow control member is smaller than the diameter of the filtration cartridge.

7. The cap of claim 1 and 6, wherein the diameter of the flow control member is within a range of 5% to 95% of the diameter of the filtration cartridge.

8. The cap of claim 1, wherein the flow control member is integrally formed with the support grid member positioned near the inlet.

9. The cap of claim 1, wherein the flow control member is integrally formed with the filtration cartridge.

10. The cap of claim 1, wherein the housing and / or the support grid members comprises multiple fastening means configured to hold the removable filtration cartridge in place.

11. The cap of claim 1, wherein at least one outlet flow guiding member is positioned partially over the filtration cartridge to direct filtered liquid towards the outlet and wherein the at least one outlet flow guiding member is associated with the support grid member near the outlet.

12. The cap of claim 1 and 12, wherein the outlet flow guiding member is integrally formed with the filtration cartridge.

13. The cap of claim 1, wherein the outlet comprises a spout or a mouth with a lid.

14. The cap of claim 1, wherein the filtration cartridge contains granular activated carbon as the filtration media.

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