Artificial intelligence-supported forest fire observation, prevention and first response system

Abstract

The invention is a system developed with the support of artificial intelligence in order to prevent the initiation of forest fires, to detect and monitor forest fires that have occurred 24 / 7, to perform initial intervention, and to prevent their spread, characterized by comprising a water reserve unit (1 ) comprising a water reserve tank (1A), condensing fan groups (1 B), a solar panel cleaning system (1 C), solar panels (1 D), an evaporation and pressure pipe (1 E), an emergency intervention cover (1 F), a wave generating blade (1 G), a water temperature control sensor (1 H), a water reserve unit thermal camera (11), a water reserve unit smoke detector (1 K), a fire protection sprinkler (1 L), a water reserve unit lightning rod (1 M), a water level control sensor (1 N), a water pressure sensor (10), and a surveillance camera (1 P); a system room (2) comprising an electrical panel (2A), a compressor (2B), gel batteries (20), a generator (2D), electrical and electronic control drivers (2E), and an emergency intervention panel (2F); an observation and intervention unit (3) comprising a tower (3A), a water jet (3B), an observation and intervention unit thermal camera (30), an observation and intervention unit smoke detector (3D), a water transmission line (3E), a high-pressure water pump (3F), an observation and intervention unit lightning rod (3G), and a long distance surveillance camera (3H); in-forest smoke detectors (4); in-forest interior heat detectors (5); fire hydrants (6); wildlife water distribution fountains (7); and a command and control center (20) that controls the system.

Description

[0001] ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-SUPPORTED

[0002] FOREST FIRE OBSERVATION, PREVENTION AND FIRST RESPONSE SYSTEM

[0003] The invention is a system developed for the purpose of preventing the initiation of forest fires with the support of artificial intelligence, detecting forest fires that have occurred 7 / 24, observing them, performing initial intervention, and preventing their spread. It may also undertake services as a deterrent force by preventing illegal logging and illegal wildlife hunting through actively monitorable observation tools.

[0004] Forests are terrestrial ecosystems that host various trees at specific and different heights, shrubs, annual plants, microorganisms, fungi, invertebrate animals such as insects and arthropods, and vertebrate animals such as amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. As of the year 2000, the total forested area of the Earth is approximately 4 billion hectares, constituting 29.6% of the Earth's surface.

[0005] Forests are of vital importance for all ecosystems. They play an important role both in preserving the natural balance and in making human life sustainable. Some of the fundamental benefits of forests are as follows:

[0006] Carbon storage and air quality: Forests absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store carbon, thereby slowing down global warming. At the same time, they serve as a source of oxygen for living beings and improve air quality.

[0007] Support for the water cycle and hydraulic system: Forests play an important role in the water cycle. They absorb rainwater, recharge underground water resources, and prevent erosion. They help feed rivers and lakes. In this way, forests contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of water resources.

[0008] Biodiversity: Forests host many animal and plant species. They are of critical importance for the resilience and health of the ecosystem. Soil protection: Forests prevent soil erosion and increase soil fertility. Tree roots hold the soil in place, thereby preventing landslides and mudflows.

[0009] Climate regulation: Forests regulate both local and global climate. They provide shade, block wind, and create a microclimate by balancing temperatures.

[0010] Economic and social benefits: Forests provide various resources such as wood, food, and medicine, and are a source of livelihood for many people. They are also important for socioeconomic activities such as recreation and tourism.

[0011] Especially in the last 20 years, forest fires caused by natural and human-induced reasons have become a global problem and are putting our future at risk.

[0012] Causes of Forest Fires:

[0013] • Global warming: Global warming causes a general increase in temperatures on Earth. This rise in temperature leads to climate changes, and these climate changes create a basis for the occurrence of forest fires. Some of these reasons are:

[0014] - Drought, loss of humidity, and changes in precipitation patterns: Global warming causes irregular precipitation and a decrease in rainfall in some regions. As temperatures rise, soil and vegetation dry out more quickly. This leads to a decrease in moisture in forests and increases the likelihood of fire outbreaks.

[0015] - Temperature increase: Rising air temperatures cause fires to start more easily and spread more rapidly. When temperatures rise, the speed and intensity of fire spread also increase. High temperatures and reduced atmospheric humidity cause vegetation to dry out, making forest fires easier to start and fire extinguishing efforts more difficult.

[0016] - Wind changes: Global warming may cause abnormal changes in weather systems, leading to stronger winds. Wind causes the fire to spread rapidly and over a much larger area in a short time. - Changes in the ecosystem: Global warming may lead to an increase in certain harmful insect species, the emergence of harmful plant species, and facilitate the spread of tree diseases. These harmful insects weaken the health of trees, making them more vulnerable to fires.

[0017] - Longer fire seasons: Global warming causes fire seasons to start earlier and last longer.

[0018] • Natural causes:

[0019] - Lightning strikes: Lightning strikes occurring especially during dry seasons can cause forest fires.

[0020] - Volcanic eruptions: In active volcanic regions, lava flows or hot ash emissions can lead to forest fires.

[0021] - Meteor strikes: Possible celestial bodies reaching the Earth's surface from space may cause fires in forested areas.

[0022] - Drought: Prolonged periods of drought cause vegetation to dry out, increasing its flammability.

[0023] • Human-induced causes:

[0024] - Intentionally set fires (sabotage): Some individuals may deliberately set forests on fire due to economic interests or other reasons.

[0025] - Negligence: Improperly extinguished barbecues, campfires, discarded cigarette butts, and glass bottles forgotten or thrown in the forest may start forest fires.

[0026] - Stubble burning: Uncontrolled burning practices carried out to clear agricultural lands may spread to forested areas, leading to large-scale forest fires.

[0027] - Aircraft: Forest fires may occur as a result of aircraft such as planes or helicopters crashing into forested areas due to technical failure or unidentified reasons.

[0028] Infrastructure and power transmission lines: Malfunctions in power transmission lines, fallen utility poles, or explosions in transformers may cause forest fires.

[0029] Effects of Forest Fires

[0030] • Environmental Effects:

[0031] - Loss of biodiversity: Forest fires destroy vegetation and the habitats of many animals. They may lead to the extinction of species.

[0032] - Soil erosion: The destruction of vegetation increases soil erosion, reducing soil fertility. This causes landslides and desertification.

[0033] - Effects on marine and coastal ecosystems: Erosion and chemical pollution occurring after fires may reach marine and coastal ecosystems through rivers. This negatively affects marine life and leads to the degradation of coastal ecosystems.

[0034] - Disruption of the water cycle: Forests play a critical role in the water cycle. Tree roots absorb water from the soil, and water vapor is released into the atmosphere through transpiration from the leaves, contributing to rainfall patterns. Forest fires disrupt this natural cycle, increasing regional droughts. In addition, fire zones near water sources may reduce water quality and cause water pollution.

[0035] - Disruption of ecosystem balance: Due to the fire, the energy flow and nutrient cycles within the ecosystem may be disrupted. Interactions between animals and plants living in forests may be damaged, and some plant species may become extinct after forest fires.

[0036] Carbon, gas emissions, and air pollution: Forests are significant carbon sinks that store large amounts of carbon. During forest fires, this carbon is released into the atmosphere as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and may also lead to the emission of other toxic greenhouse gases such as methane. These pollutants reduce both local and global air quality. At the same time, they create a greenhouse effect that accelerates global warming. This long-term pollution inevitably results in acid rain, contaminated soils, polluted aquatic ecosystems, and consequently, negative effects on human health.

[0037] In conclusion, forest fires can cause deep and permanent damage to environmental systems. They have a wide range of environmental impacts, from the loss of biodiversity to the pollution of water resources, from the reduction of soil fertility to the acceleration of climate change. Therefore, the prevention of forest fires and the protection of ecosystems are of critical importance for a sustainable environment.

[0038] • Effects on Climate:

[0039] - Emission of water vapor and methane gas: During forest fires, not only carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gases are released into the atmosphere, but also water vapor, methane, and other greenhouse gases. Methane is a much more potent gas compared to carbon dioxide and has an accelerating effect on global warming. The accumulation of these gases in the atmosphere further destabilizes the climate system.

[0040] - Emission of aerosols and particulate matter: During forest fires, large amounts of smoke and particulate matter are released into the atmosphere. These particles may reflect sunlight in the atmosphere, creating a short-term cooling effect. However, this cooling effect cannot balance the warming caused by greenhouse gases. In addition, particulate matter can affect cloud formation and disrupt precipitation patterns.

[0041] - Regional climate changes: Forests have a stabilizing effect on regional climate conditions. Trees release water vapor through transpiration, creating a humid environment and regulating temperatures. When forests are destroyed as a result of forest fires, regional temperature increases, droughts, and changes in precipitation patterns occur. The destruction of forests may lead to the disruption of microclimate zones and the aridification of the local climate.

[0042] - Carbon emissions and loss of carbon sinks: Forests are carbon sinks that store large amounts of carbon. However, when trees and vegetation burn during forest fires, the stored carbon is rapidly released into the atmosphere. This increases the amount of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that triggers global warming, and leads to a rise in global temperatures. Forest fires not only cause carbon emissions but also destroy forest areas that have the capacity to absorb carbon in the future. Forests, which are our most important defense against climate change, are gradually diminishing every year due to forest fires.

[0043] - Feedback effect on global climate: Forest fires increase global warming, creating a feedback loop. In other words, while forest fires cause global temperatures to rise, the rising temperatures in turn increase the risk of more forest fires. This vicious cycle accelerates climate change and results in broader and more destructive impacts.

[0044] - Effects on glaciers and polar regions: Black carbon particles released into the atmosphere as a result of forest fires may settle on snow and ice layers, particularly in the Arctic region. These black carbon particles absorb sunlight, causing these areas to melt more rapidly. This leads to rising sea levels and the disruption of polar ecosystems.

[0045] In conclusion: The direct emission of greenhouse gases caused by forest fires, the disruption of regional climate balances, and feedback mechanisms accelerate climate change. Therefore, the prevention of forest fires and the protection of forests are of critical importance in the fight against global climate change. Economic Impacts:

[0046] - Damage to agricultural and forestry resources: Forest fires cause significant damage to agricultural areas and forestry resources. Fires destroy wood, resin, medicinal substances, and other natural resources obtained from forests. The loss of these resources leads to income loss for the workforce dependent on the forestry sector. Additionally, fires spreading to agricultural lands result in the destruction of crops and economic losses for farmers.

[0047] - Damage to property and infrastructure: When forest fires spread to residential areas, houses, buildings, roads, and infrastructure may be severely damaged. Furthermore, disruptions in services such as electricity, water, and natural gas increase economic losses. Rebuilding the infrastructure requires substantial costs.

[0048] - Decrease in tourism revenues: Forests are a vital part of many tourism regions. Nature tourism, ecotourism, and camping areas can be severely damaged by forest fires.

[0049] - Pressure on insurance and financial resources: Reporting the damages caused by forest fires to insurance companies may result in significant financial pressure on the insurance sector. Large-scale fires increase insurance claims, thereby creating financial strain on the companies. At the same time, governments may also need to allocate large amounts of financial resources to provide post-fire disaster assistance.

[0050] - Rehabilitation and reforestation costs: Restoring the ecological balance of forests and conducting wildlife protection efforts require economic resources. The cost of these efforts is often significantly higher than the cost of pre-fire prevention measures.

[0051] Social impacts:

[0052] Health problems: Smoke and toxic gases released into the atmosphere during forest fires pose a serious threat to the health of both humans and animals. Air pollution occurring during and after the fires may cause health issues such as respiratory diseases and heart conditions. In addition, stress and trauma caused by the fires have negative effects on public psychology.

[0053] - Displacement and migration: When forest fires approach or surround residential areas, many people are forced to evacuate their homes. This situation may lead to temporary or permanent migration for those who lose their homes and jobs.

[0054] - Unemployment and economic hardship: Following forest fires, many people may lose their jobs. Individuals working in the forestry, agriculture, and tourism sectors may lose their livelihoods, which in turn increases the unemployment rate.

[0055] Forest fires can cause deep and long-lasting permanent damage both economically and socially. Economically, agriculture, forestry, tourism, and infrastructure suffer significant losses, while socially, people's lives, health, and societal order are substantially affected.

[0056] International cooperation: Since forest fires have become a global issue, international cooperation has become essential for the prevention of these fires, emergency response, and subsequent recovery efforts. In this context, elements such as information sharing, transfer of technology and equipment, provision of international financial resources, and the deployment of aid teams come to the forefront. In order to mitigate the global impacts of forest fires, international agreements should be established to strengthen this cooperation.

[0057] Prevention and intervention: While forest fires are currently being prevented and intervened in by countries through firefighting aircraft, helicopters, fire trucks, construction machinery, and manpower; during periods when the fire risk increases, technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned thermal cameras, and satellite images are used by countries to conduct risk assessments and to shorten the duration of prevention and real-time intervention. According to the data of the General Directorate of Forestry, affiliated with the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Turkey, regarding the forest fires that occurred between the years 1988 and 2023, a total of 79,510 forest fires occurred, and as a result, a total of 525,617 hectares (5,256.170 km2) of forest area was destroyed. The surface area of Turkey is 783,562 km2. If it is assumed that the forest areas destroyed up to the present day have been repeatedly destroyed over the years, and since forested areas are not planar in terms of area-surface due to a certain elevation, the destroyed area turns out to be much more than the surface area of Turkey. Based on this statistical information, up to the present day, 6.7 times the surface area of Turkey has been destroyed in terms of forest area; if this statistical information is compared with the surface area of the Amazon rainforests (6,700,000 km2), this ratio appears as 0.78. According to the data of the National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC) regarding the forest fires that occurred in the United States of America, one of the developed countries of the world, between the years 2003 and 2023, a total of 1 ,491 ,922 forest fires occurred, and as a result, a total of 147,151 ,801 km2of forest area was destroyed. If this statistical information is also compared with the surface area of the Amazon rainforests, this ratio appears as 21 .96 times.

[0058] In recent years, due to the significant increase in global temperatures caused by the effects of global warming, and because of fires that occur regularly / irregularly all around the world, especially during the summer months; the destruction of forests, damage to wildlife, and loss of life and property have been occurring.

[0059] Forest fires bring serious risks and problems both environmentally and socially. The monitoring of fire risk, the high costs of purchasing or renting firefighting equipment, the threat to the safety of the intervention teams and local villagers, and the economic losses result in social damage. Therefore, forest fires are not only a natural disaster but also a major threat that affects human life and the economy.

[0060] The subject of the invention is a system developed with the purpose of preventing the initiation of forest fires with the support of artificial intelligence, detecting existing forest fires 7 / 24, monitoring them, performing first response, and preventing their spread. At the same time, it may also undertake services that act as a deterrent force by preventing illegal logging and illegal wildlife hunting through actively monitorable surveillance tools.

[0061] The prevention of fires through early intervention and the implementation of emergency response strategies are of vital importance. Considering the extent reached in global warming and the adverse effects it brings, the aim is to prevent major losses by using technology and science, with the support of artificial intelligence, to monitor, prevent, and immediately intervene in potential or existing forest fires.

[0062] One of the greatest benefit elements of this system is that it is an invention aimed at helping to prevent carbon emission by protecting forested areas, slowing down global warming by reducing the greenhouse effect, preserving water resources for future generations, preserving high air quality, wildlife - vegetation and biodiversity as a legacy for tomorrow, and contributing to a more livable world.

[0063] The subject of the invention system has been developed for the purpose of preventing forest fires before they occur, detecting them, or instantly and rapidly intervening in fires that have started.

[0064] In order for the invention to achieve its purpose, the constructed system is explained below with reference to the attached figures.

[0065] These figures are:

[0066] Figure 1 - General view of the water reserve unit, system room, observation and intervention unit

[0067] Figure 2 - General view of the water reserve unit

[0068] Figure 3 - Inner view of the water reserve unit with its side wall opened

[0069] Figure 4 - Detailed view of the water pressure sensor, water level sensor, and water temperature sensor in the water reserve unit

[0070] Figure 5 - General view of the system room Figure 6 - General view of the observation and intervention unit

[0071] Figure 7 - Schematic view of the interconnection of the water reserve units

[0072] Figure 8 - General schematic view of the artificial intelligence-supported forest fire monitoring, prevention, and first intervention system

[0073] The parts in the figure are individually numbered, and the parts corresponding to these numbers are explained below:

[0074] 1 ) Water Reserve Unit

[0075] 1 A - Water reserve tank

[0076] 1 B - Condensation fan group

[0077] 1 C - Solar panel cleaning system

[0078] 1 D - Solar panel

[0079] 1 E - Evaporation and pressure pipe

[0080] 1 F - Emergency intervention cover

[0081] 1 G - Wave-generating blade

[0082] 1 H - Water temperature control sensor

[0083] 11 - Water reserve unit thermal camera

[0084] 1 K - Water reserve unit smoke detector

[0085] 1 L - Fire protection sprinkler

[0086] 1 M - Water reserve unit lightning rod

[0087] 1 N - Water level control sensor

[0088] 10 - Water pressure sensor

[0089] 1 P - Surveillance camera

[0090] 2) System Room

[0091] 2A - Electrical panel

[0092] 2B - Compressor 2C - Gel battery

[0093] 2D - Generator

[0094] 2E - Electrical and electronic control drivers

[0095] 2F - Emergency intervention panel

[0096] 3) Observation and Intervention Unit

[0097] 3A - Tower

[0098] 3B - Water jet

[0099] 3C - Observation and intervention unit thermal camera

[0100] 3D - Observation and intervention unit smoke detector

[0101] 3E - Water transmission line

[0102] 3F - High-pressure water pump

[0103] 3G - Observation and intervention unit lightning rod

[0104] 3H - Long-distance surveillance camera

[0105] 4) In-forest smoke detector

[0106] 5) In-forest heat detector

[0107] 6) Fire hydrant

[0108] 7) Wildlife water distribution fountain

[0109] 20) Command and control center

[0110] 30) Aerial intervention team

[0111] 40) Ground intervention team

[0112] The subject invention system is characterized by comprising: the water reserve unit (1 ) having a water reserve tank (1A), condensation fan groups (1 B), solar panel cleaning system (1 C), solar panels (1 D), evaporation and pressure pipe (1 E), emergency intervention cover (1 F), wave-generating blade (1 G), water temperature control sensor (1 H), water reserve unit thermal camera (1 1), water reserve unit smoke detector (1 K), fire protection sprinkler (1 L), water reserve unit lightning rod (1 M), water level control sensor (1 N), water pressure sensor (10), and surveillance camera (1 P); the system room (2) having an electrical panel (2A), compressor (2B), gel batteries (2C), generator (2D), electrical and electronic control drivers (2E), and emergency intervention panel (2F); the observation and intervention unit (3) having a tower (3A), water jet (3B), observation and intervention unit thermal camera (3C), observation and intervention unit smoke detector (3D), water transmission line (3E), high-pressure water pump (3F), observation and intervention unit lightning rod (3G), and long-distance surveillance camera (3H); the in-forest smoke detectors (4); the in-forest heat detectors (5); the fire hydrants (6); the wildlife water distribution fountains (7); and the command and control center (20) that controls the system.

[0113] The subject invention system shall function as a primary support element in order to prevent the occurrence of forest fires, to carry out the first and instant intervention to an existing forest fire, and to prevent the spread of the forest fire. First, the water reserve unit (1 ) and the system room (2) connected to it are placed in the region where the forest fire risk is high. Since most of the forest areas are steep and rocky, observation and intervention units (3) are placed at certain intervals in these regions, which are difficult to access. Through the water transmission lines (3E) coming from the water reserve unit (1 ) and the high-pressure water pump (3F), water is transferred to the water jets (3B) in the observation and intervention units (3). The forest is continuously and instantly monitored within the control area via both the water reserve unit thermal camera (1 1) located in the water reserve unit (1 ) and the observation and intervention unit thermal cameras (3C) located in the observation and intervention units (3), and data is collected. At the moment the system detects the fire, based on the location of the fire, the water jet (3B) in the observation and intervention unit (3) located at that spot initiates the extinguishing activity and instantly intervenes in the fire. Additionally, the data received from the water reserve unit (1 ) and the observation and intervention units (3) is processed by the electrical and electronic control drivers (2E) and transmitted to the command and control center (20). All data coming from the region is analyzed with the support of artificial intelligence by the command and control center (20), and the real-time information of the fire region is transmitted to the aerial support teams (30) and ground support teams (40) operating in the region. Thus, instead of sending the teams to the areas where the system has already intervened and extinguished the fire, the command and control center (20) shares information to direct the teams to the areas where the fire is more intense, thereby contributing to a more effective and much faster extinguishing of the fire.

[0114] Through the application software, the data in the command and control center (20) (such as the coordinates of the fire, the intensity and direction of the wind, air temperature, humidity level, the instant water amounts in the water reserve units (1 ) in the region, the location of the nearest fire hydrant (6) from which the ground intervention teams (40) can obtain water if needed according to the location of the fire, etc.) will also be sent to the nearest ground intervention teams (40) and / or aerial intervention teams (30), assisting the teams in intervening in the incident in the shortest possible time. In this way, the ground intervention teams (40) and aerial intervention teams (30) are enabled to intervene in the fire effectively from different locations. Through this application software, all teams can be monitored in a coordinated manner, and by instantly accessing the location information of personnel in need of help or those trapped in the fire, loss of life can also be prevented.

[0115] Water support is provided to the land-based intervention teams (40) by means of the fire hydrants (6), which are positioned at certain distances on the roads opened within the forest and supplied through the water transfer lines (3E) originating from the water reserve units (1 ). The location information of these fire hydrants (6) can be viewed via the application by the land-based intervention teams (40) responding to the fire.

[0116] The system subject to the invention can be monitored, controlled, and supervised in real time by the command and control center (20). There is an instantaneous and continuous data flow from all equipment on the water reserve unit (1 ) and the observation and intervention units (3) to the command and control center (20); at the same time, control of the region can be maintained. The command and control center (20) can monitor the system 24 / 7 and, in case a technical malfunction is detected in the system, can dispatch a technical team to the relevant area.

[0117] The water to be stored in the water reserve unit (1 ) is obtained, depending on seasonal weather conditions, in the form of rain / snow on days with precipitation, and by condensing the water vapor in the air through the condensation fan groups (1 B) on non-precipitation days; in this way, the system is able to meet its required water need on its own without requiring any other source. As seen in Figure 7; the water reserve units (1 ) are interconnected with each other through the water transfer lines (3E) originating from the water reserve unit (1 ). The command and control center (20) has the capability to transfer water from the water reserve unit (1 ) with a higher water level to the water reserve unit (1 ) with a decreasing water level, based on the data received from the water reserve unit (1 ).

[0118] During risky periods in summer when humidity is low and air temperatures are excessively high, the region is irrigated and humidified at certain intervals using the water in the water reserve unit (1 ) through an active / passive control mechanism. In this way, while contributing to the prevention of potential forest fires, it will also support the development of vegetation in the humidified area and contribute to creating a more livable environment for wildlife as well as underground and aboveground organisms.

[0119] The system, under cold weather conditions, drains the water inside the pipes of the water transfer lines (3E) by taking into account the risk of freezing. However, in order to prevent the water in the water reserve unit (1 ) from freezing when temperature values fall below seasonal norms during winter months, passive / active measures have been implemented; these measures include heat-insulated exterior cladding and the wave-generating blade (1 G) which imparts kinetic energy to the water. In case the capacity of the water reserve unit (1 ) is exceeded, the excess water produced will be discharged and serve as a water source for wildlife.

[0120] The system primarily meets its energy requirement through the solar panels (1 D), which are a renewable energy source, and stores this energy in the gel batteries (2C). During periods of severe weather conditions, if the energy levels of the batteries (2C) decrease, the generator (2D) is activated by the system to charge the batteries (2C), thereby supplying the required energy at that moment. There is a solar panel cleaning system (1 C) which cleans elements such as dust, leaves, and snow accumulations that hinder the energy production of the solar panels (1 D). The primary purpose of the system is to prevent forest fires and provide initial intervention in the region where it is located. However, during prevention and intervention, if the water level in the water reserve unit (1 ) drops to a critical level (20%), a safety protocol that protects the system activates; the fire protection sprinkler (1 L) and / or the water jet (3B) is automatically activated, and the remaining water in the water reserve unit (1 ) is used for the system’s self-protection against forest fires. Inforest smoke detectors (4) and in-forest heat detectors (5), which are positioned at more distant locations within the forest from the system in order to expand the area to be controlled, enable the acquisition of smoke and heat data over a wider area.

[0121] The water reserve tank (1 A) is the section in which the water collected through weather events (rain, snow, water vapor) and the water produced by the condensation fan group (1 B) is stored. The evaporation and pressure pipe (1 E) is a discharge pipe which enables the evaporation of the water in the water reserve tank (1A) due to excessive temperatures above seasonal norms during summer months. The emergency intervention cover (1 F) is a cover used in cases where intervention inside the water reserve tank (1 A) is required. The water temperature control sensor (1 H) is a device that instantaneously measures the temperature of the water in the water reserve tank (1 A). The water reserve unit thermal camera (11) is a device that instantaneously measures the temperature / thermal energy values around the water reserve unit (1 ). The water reserve unit smoke detector (1 K) continuously analyzes the air around the water reserve unit (1 ) against potential fire threats and provides data flow to the system. The water reserve unit lightning rod (1 M) serves to protect the water reserve unit (1 ) against potential lightning threats. The water level control sensor (1 N) instantaneously measures the level of the water in the water reserve tank (1 A) and transmits the reserve water amount data to the system. The water pressure sensor (10) instantaneously measures the pressure in the water reserve tank (1 A) and sends a warning to the system in case of high pressure. The observation camera (1 P) is a device that enables monitoring of the area in order to ensure the safety of both the water reserve unit (1 ) and the region.

[0122] The compressor (2B) supplies pressurized refrigerant gas to the pipes inside the coils located beneath the condensation fan group (1 B). The gel battery (2C) functions to store the energy generated by the solar panels (1 D). Additionally, in case the solar panels (1 D) are insufficient, the gel batteries (2C) are charged by the generator (2D), which is activated. In the event of a communication line failure during a fire, the land- based intervention teams (40) operating in the area will be able to operate the system using the emergency intervention panel (2F) integrated into the water reserve unit (1 ) and transfer water to the desired fire hydrant (6).

[0123] The tower (3A) is a tall structure on which are located the waterjet (3B), the observation and intervention thermal camera (3C), the observation and intervention unit smoke detector (3D), and the long-range observation camera (3H). The observation and intervention unit smoke detector (3D) continuously analyzes the air against potential fire threats in the vicinity of the observation and intervention unit (3) and provides data flow to the system. The water transfer line (3E) enables the transfer of water by means of the high-pressure water pump (3F) to the water jets (3B) in the observation and intervention units (3), to the fire hydrants (6), and between systems. The observation and intervention unit lightning rod (3G) serves to protect the observation and intervention unit (3) against potential lightning threats. The long-range observation camera (3H) is a device that enables the monitoring of potential forest fires and regional activities (such as illegal logging, illegal wildlife hunting, etc.).

[0124] The wildlife water distribution fountain (7) is a fountain used for distributing the excess water produced in the water reserve unit (1 ) as a water source for wildlife animals. These wildlife water distribution fountains (7) are positioned in locations distant from the water reserve unit (1 ).

[0125] The system subject to the invention is not limited to what is described herein and the model shown in the drawing. Modifications related to the shape can be made on the invention without being restricted to material and dimensions, the positions of the components used can be changed, the number of components used can be varied, different components with similar features may be used instead of the ones used, and the system can also be operated without certain components, depending on preference. For example:

[0126] - The devices and software that provide information and data transfer between the equipment used in the system may be removed, added, or modified in accordance with current technology.

[0127] - Since the geographical areas where the systems shown in Figure 7 will be positioned may differ from one another, the connections of the water transfer lines (3E), which will transfer water between the systems, may vary depending on the geographical structure and can be implemented using underground or aboveground flame-insulated pipes in different configurations.

Claims

1.CLAIMS1 . The invention is a forest fire observation, prevention and first response system characterized in that it comprises the following:- in the system, a water reserve tank (1 A) in which water collected from weather events (rain, snow, water vapor) is stored, condensing fan groups (1 B) which enable the water to be stored to be obtained by condensing the water vapor in the air on non-rainy days, a solar panel cleaning system (1 C) which enables the cleaning of elements such as dust, leaves, and snow accumulations that hinder the energy production of the solar panels (1 D), solar panels (1 D) which provide the energy required for the system, an evaporation and pressure pipe (1 E) which enables the evaporation of the water in the water reserve tank (1A) due to excessive temperatures above seasonal norms during summer months, an emergency intervention cover (1 F) used in cases where intervention inside the water reserve tank (1 A) is required, a wave-generating blade (1 G) which imparts kinetic energy to the water in the water reserve unit (1 ) in order to prevent the water from freezing when temperature values fall below seasonal norms during winter months, a water temperature control sensor (1 H) which enables the instantaneous measurement of the temperature of the water in the water reserve tank (1 A), a water reserve unit thermal camera (1 1) which instantaneously measures the temperature / thermal energy values around the water reserve unit (1 ), a water reserve unit smoke detector (1 K) which continuously analyzes the air against potential fire threats around the water reserve unit (1 ), a fire protection sprinkler (1 L) which operates automatically when the water level in the water reserve unit (1 ) drops to a critical level during fire prevention and initial intervention, and irrigates the surroundings of the system with the remaining water in the water reserve unit (1 ), a water reserve unit lightning rod (1 M) which protects the water reserve unit (1 ) against lightning threats, a water level control sensor (1 N) which instantaneously measures the level of the water in the water reserve tank (1A), a water pressure sensor (10) which instantaneously measures the pressure in the water reserve tank (1 A) and sends a warning to the system in case of high pressure, a water reserveunit (1 ) comprising a surveillance camera (1 P) which enables monitoring of the area in order to ensure the safety of both the water reserve unit (1 ) and the region;- an electrical panel (2A), a compressor (2B) which supplies pressurized refrigerant gas to the pipes inside the coils located beneath the condensation fan group (1 B), gel batteries (2C) which enable the storage of energy obtained from the solar panels (1 D) and the generator (2D), a generator (2D) which is activated to supply energy in case the solar panels (1 D) are insufficient, electrical and electronic control drivers (2E) which process the data received from the water reserve unit (1 ) and the observation and intervention units (3) and transmit it to the command and control center (20), a system room (2) comprising an emergency intervention panel (2F) which enables the land intervention teams (40) operating in the area to operate the system and transfer water to the fire hydrant (6) in need of water in case of a communication line failure during a fire,- a tower (3A) on which are located a water jet (3B), an observation and intervention thermal camera (3C), an observation and intervention unit smoke detector (3D), and a long- distance surveillance camera (3H), a water jet (3B) which initiates extinguishing activity as soon as a fire is detected and instantaneously intervenes in the fire, an observation and intervention unit thermal camera (3C) which enables the instantaneous measurement of the temperature / thermal energy values around the observation and intervention unit (3), an observation and intervention unit smoke detector (3D) which continuously analyzes the air against potential fire threats in the vicinity of the observation and intervention unit (3), a water transmission line (3E) which enables the transfer of water by means of the high-pressure water pump (3F) to the waterjets (3B) in the observation and intervention units (3), to the fire hydrants (6), and between systems, a high-pressure water pump (3F) which enables the transfer of water to the water jets (3B) in the observation and intervention units (3), to the fire hydrants (6), and between systems, an observation and intervention unit lightning rod (3G) which protects the observation and intervention unit (3) against lightning threats, an observation and intervention unit (3) comprising a long-distancesurveillance camera (3H) which enables the monitoring of potential forest fires and regional activities (such as illegal logging, illegal wildlife hunting, etc.);- in-forest smoke detectors (4) positioned at more distant locations within the forest from the system in order to expand the area to be monitored and to enable the acquisition of smoke data;- in-forest interior heat detectors (5) positioned at more distant locations within the forest from the system in order to expand the area to be monitored and to enable the acquisition of heat data;- fire hydrants (6) positioned on roads opened within the forest and supplied with water through the water transmission lines (3E) originating from the water reserve units (1 ), providing water support to the land intervention teams (40);- wildlife water distribution fountains (7) which enable the distribution of excess water produced in the water reserve unit (1 ) as a water source for wildlife animals;- a command and control center (20) in which the data received from the water reserve unit (1 ), the observation and intervention unit (3), the in-forest smoke detectors (4), and the in-forest interior heat detectors (5) is analyzed by artificial intelligence, where all units in the system are commanded and controlled, and which supports coordinated fire intervention by transmitting the data (such as the coordinates of the fire, wind speed and direction, air temperature, air humidity, instantaneous water levels in the water reserve units (1 ) in the region, the location of the nearest fire hydrant (6) from which land intervention teams (40) can obtain water according to the location of the fire, etc.) via an application to the nearest land intervention teams (40) and / or air intervention teams (30).

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