Radiation patch, antenna substrate, antenna, and communication device

Abstract

A radiation patch, an antenna substrate, an antenna, and a communication device. The communication device has an antenna, the antenna has an antenna substrate, and the antenna substrate has a radiation patch, wherein a plurality of branches are disposed at the periphery of the radiation patch; the plurality of branches are symmetrical about the center of the radiation patch; and a starting end of each branch is connected to the radiation patch and is suitable for disposing an open-circuit stub, and a tail end of the branch is suitable for disposing a short-circuit stub.

Description

Radiating patch, antenna substrate, antenna and communication device

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202411369153.3, filed on September 27, 2024, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular to a radiating patch, an antenna substrate, an antenna and a communication device. BACKGROUND

[0003] Microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are one of the most widely used types of antennas in the field of radio engineering. It has the advantages of low profile, light weight, multiple polarization types, easy integration with circuits, high reliability, low cost, etc. SUMMARY

[0004] The present disclosure provides a radiating patch, an antenna substrate, an antenna, a communication device and a vehicle to solve the technical problem of poor efficiency and gain of the microstrip patch antenna in the related art.

[0005] In a first aspect, a radiating patch is provided, the radiating patch is provided with a plurality of branches, the plurality of branches are symmetric about the center of the radiating patch, the starting end of each branch of the plurality of branches is connected with the radiating patch and is adapted to be provided with an open-circuit column, and the end of the branch is adapted to be provided with a short-circuit column.

[0006] In some embodiments, the branch includes two sub-branches, the two sub-branches are connected to form the starting end of the branch, the two sub-branches respectively extend to both sides of the starting end, and the end of the two sub-branches away from the starting end is the end.

[0007] In some embodiments, the radiating patch has a plurality of symmetry axes passing through the center of the radiating patch and the starting end, and the two sub-branches of the branch are symmetrically arranged about the symmetry axis passing through the starting end.

[0008] In some embodiments, the radiating patch is circular, and the plurality of branches are uniformly arranged around the outer periphery of the radiating patch.

[0009] In some embodiments, the radiating patch is a regular N-polygon, each vertex of the radiating patch is provided with the branch, and N is an even number greater than or equal to 4.

[0010] In some embodiments, the geometric shape of the radiating patch is a square.

[0011] In some embodiments, the plurality of branches enclose a geometric shape identical to that of the outer periphery of the radiating patch.

[0012] In some embodiments, the middle portion of the radiating patch is further provided with a first strip-shaped slot and a second strip-shaped slot, which intersect at the center of the radiating patch to form a cross shape.

[0013] In some embodiments, the radiating patch has two axes of symmetry passing through the center and the starting end, including a first axis of symmetry and a second axis of symmetry perpendicular to each other. The first strip-shaped slot is arranged along the first axis of symmetry, and the second strip-shaped slot is arranged along the second axis of symmetry.

[0014] In some embodiments, the radiating patch further satisfies at least one of the following: the length of the first strip-shaped slot is 1 / 4-1 / 2 of the length of the radiating patch along the first axis of symmetry, or the length of the second strip-shaped slot is 1 / 4-1 / 2 of the length of the radiating patch along the second axis of symmetry.

[0015] In some embodiments, the radiating patch is provided with a plurality of triangular slots, each of which is located between the corresponding starting end and the center of the radiating patch and close to the starting end.

[0016] In some embodiments, the radiating patch has a plurality of axes of symmetry passing through the center and the starting end, which pass through the vertex of the triangular slot and bisect the triangular slot.

[0017] In some embodiments, the triangular slot has an arc-shaped side between the vertex passing through the axis of symmetry and the center of the radiating patch, which is convex to the vertex passing through the axis of symmetry.

[0018] In some embodiments, the vertex passing through the axis of symmetry in the triangular slot is provided with an extension slot extending away from the center of the radiating patch.

[0019] In some embodiments, when the geometric shape of the radiating patch is a square, the triangular slot is arranged at the corner of the radiating patch, and two straight sides of the triangular slot are parallel to two adjacent sides of the radiating patch, respectively.

[0020] In some embodiments, the outer periphery of the radiating patch is provided with a plurality of protrusions convex outward, which are symmetric about the center of the radiating patch, and a pair of feeders is arranged at the positions of two adjacent protrusions in the plurality of protrusions.

[0021] In some embodiments, the pair of feeding sections includes a first feeding section and a second feeding section, the first feeding section is located in one of the two protrusions, and the second feeding section is located between the other of the two protrusions and the center of the radiating patch.

[0022] In some embodiments, the radiating patch is provided with one or two pairs of feeding sections.

[0023] In some embodiments, the radiating patch is a regular N-polygon, the protrusions are located in the middle of each side of the radiating patch, and N is an even number greater than or equal to 4.

[0024] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of protrusions is located between two adjacent branches of the plurality of branches.

[0025] In some embodiments, the protrusions have a gap with the ends of the branches.

[0026] In a second aspect, an antenna substrate is provided, which includes the above-mentioned radiating patch.

[0027] In some embodiments, the antenna substrate further includes a first ground plate and a dielectric substrate, one surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with the first ground plate along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate, and the other surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with the radiating patch.

[0028] In some embodiments, the antenna substrate further includes an open circuit post and a short circuit post, the open circuit post and the short circuit post are respectively located in the dielectric substrate. The open circuit post is arranged along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate, the open circuit post is connected to the starting end, the first end of the short circuit post is connected to the end, and the second end of the short circuit post is connected to the first ground plate.

[0029] In some embodiments, the projection of the radiating patch on the first ground plate is located in the first ground plate along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate.

[0030] In a third aspect, an antenna is provided, which includes the above-mentioned antenna substrate.

[0031] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a feeding substrate, the feeding substrate is arranged on the surface of the antenna substrate away from the radiating patch.

[0032] In some embodiments, the feeding substrate includes a second ground plate and a feeding substrate, the second ground plate is arranged on the surface of the feeding substrate facing the antenna substrate, and the second ground plate is connected to the first ground plate of the antenna substrate.

[0033] In some embodiments, the feeding substrate further comprises a one-to-two power divider, a resistor and a feeding substrate, the one-to-two power divider and the resistor are located on a surface of the feeding substrate away from the antenna substrate.

[0034] In some embodiments, the feeding substrate further comprises a first microstrip line and a second microstrip line, the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line are located on a surface of the feeding substrate away from the antenna substrate. The one-to-two power divider comprises two output ends, an input end of the first microstrip line is connected with one of the output ends of the one-to-two power divider, and an output end of the first microstrip line is electrically connected with the radiating patch. An input end of the second microstrip line is connected with the other output end of the one-to-two power divider, and an output end of the second microstrip line is electrically connected with the radiating patch.

[0035] In some embodiments, the resistor comprises a first resistor and a second resistor, the first resistor is connected across the first microstrip line and the second microstrip line, and is close to the two output ends of the one-to-two power divider. The second resistor is connected across the one-to-two power divider, and is close to the two output ends of the one-to-two power divider.

[0036] In some embodiments, the antenna further comprises a first feeding column and a second feeding column, the first feeding column is connected with the output end of the first microstrip line and a first feeding part of the radiating patch respectively. The second feeding column is connected with the output end of the second microstrip line and a second feeding part of the radiating patch respectively.

[0037] In some embodiments, the first feeding column and the second feeding column have the same resistance, the first resistor and the second resistor have the same resistance, and the resistance of the first resistor is four times the resistance of the first feeding column.

[0038] In some embodiments, the input end of the one-to-two power divider is located between the first feeding column and the second feeding column.

[0039] In some embodiments, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate in the antenna substrate is greater than the dielectric constant of the feeding substrate.

[0040] In some embodiments, in the thickness direction of the antenna substrate, the thickness of the dielectric substrate in the antenna substrate is greater than the thickness of the feeding substrate.

[0041] In a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided, which comprises the antenna as described above.

[0042] In a fifth aspect, a vehicle is provided, which comprises the antenna as described above, or comprises the communication device as described above.

[0043] In the radiation patch of some embodiments of the present disclosure, the multiple branches are arranged to adjust the input impedance of the radiation patch, improve the port isolation ISO, and increase the polarization discrimination XPD, so as to improve the efficiency and gain of the antenna provided with the radiation patch, and further improve the signal-to-noise ratio and communication quality of the antenna.

[0044] The above description is only a summary of the technical solutions of the present disclosure. In order to make the technical means of the present disclosure more clearly understood, the present disclosure can be implemented according to the content of the specification, and in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present disclosure more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present disclosure are described below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or related technologies, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced below.

[0046] FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a radiation patch according to some embodiments;

[0047] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip feed network structure according to some embodiments;

[0048] FIG. 3 is a top view of the connection of a radiation patch with a feed column, a short column and an open column according to some embodiments;

[0049] FIG. 4 is a top view of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna according to some embodiments;

[0050] FIG. 5 is a front view of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna according to some embodiments;

[0051] FIG. 6 is a side view of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna according to some embodiments;

[0052] FIG. 7 is a Smith chart of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna according to some embodiments;

[0053] FIG. 8 is a standing wave ratio curve of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna according to some embodiments;

[0054] FIG. 9 is a peak directivity and real gain curve of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna according to some embodiments;

[0055] FIG. 10 is an efficiency curve of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna according to some embodiments;

[0056] FIG. 11 is an axial ratio curve of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna according to some embodiments;

[0057] FIG. 12 is an axial ratio pattern of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna at f = 2.11 GHz according to some embodiments;

[0058] FIG. 13 is a gain pattern of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna at f = 2.11 GHz according to some embodiments;

[0059] FIG. 14 is a half-power beamwidth plot of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna according to some embodiments;

[0060] FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a communication device according to some embodiments;

[0061] FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments;

[0062] FIG. 17 is a block diagram of another vehicle according to some embodiments.

[0063] Reference signs: 1000 - vehicle; 200 - communication device; 100 - antenna; 10 - antenna substrate; 11 - radiating patch; 12 - starting end; 13 - branch; 131 - sub-branch; 14 - dielectric substrate; 15 - first ground plate; 16 - open-circuit post; 17 - short-circuit post; 18 - triangular slot; 181 - hypotenuse; 19 - first strip slot; 20 - second strip slot; 21 - protrusion; 22 - first feeding part; 23 - second feeding part; 24 - extension slot;

[0064] 30 - feeding substrate; 31 - feeding substrate; 32 - microstrip feeding network structure; 341 - first microstrip line; 342 - second microstrip line; 351 - first resistor; 352 - second resistor; 36 - third microstrip line; 37 - third feeding part; 38 - fourth feeding part; 39 - 1-to-2 power divider;

[0065] 401 - first feeding post; 402 - second feeding post; 41 - pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it is understood that the present disclosure can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure can be thoroughly understood and fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0067] In the related art, the efficiency and gain of the microstrip patch antenna are poor.

[0068] To this end, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a radiating patch 11 adapted to be disposed in an antenna, which can be a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna or the like.

[0069] Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 3, and FIG. 6, the outer periphery of the radiation patch 11 is provided with a plurality of branches 13, which are equivalent to the center symmetry of the radiation patch 11. The starting end 12 of the branch 13 is connected with the radiation patch 11 and is adapted to be provided with an open circuit column 16. The end of the branch 13 is adapted to be provided with a short circuit column 17.

[0070] The branch 13 is arranged on the outer side of the radiation patch 11 and is connected with the outer periphery of the radiation patch 11. The arrangement of the branch 13 in the radiation patch 11 can adjust the input impedance of the radiation patch 11, improve the isolation between ports (port ISO), increase the cross-polarization differentiation (XPD), so as to improve the efficiency and gain of the antenna provided with the radiation patch 11, and further improve the signal-to-noise ratio and communication quality of the antenna.

[0071] In some embodiments, the branch 13 includes two sub-branches 131, which are connected to form the starting end 12 of the branch 13. The two sub-branches 131 extend to the two sides of the starting end 12, respectively. The end of the sub-branch 131 away from the starting end 12 is the end of the branch 13.

[0072] Referring to FIG. 3, the branch 13 has one starting end 12 and two ends. The two ends are located on the two sides of the starting end 12. The arrangement of the two sub-branches 131 is conducive to adjusting the input impedance of the radiation patch 11, improving the isolation between ports ISO, and increasing the cross-polarization differentiation XPD.

[0073] In some embodiments, the radiation patch 11 has a plurality of symmetry axes passing through the center of the radiation patch 11 and the starting end 12. The two sub-branches 131 of each branch 13 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the symmetry axis passing through the starting end 12 thereof.

[0074] In some embodiments, the radiation patch 11 is symmetrically arranged with respect to each symmetry axis. The two sub-branches 131 of each branch 13 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the symmetry axis passing through the starting end 12 thereof. In this way, the antenna provided with the radiation patch 11 can have a better radiation pattern.

[0075] In some embodiments, the radiation patch 11 is circular, and the plurality of branches 13 are uniformly arranged around the outer periphery of the radiation patch 11.

[0076] In some embodiments, the radiation patch 11 is circular, and the antenna provided with the radiation patch 11 can be a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna. The number of branches 13 can be set according to the use requirement. For example, the number of branches 13 is 4, 5, 8, etc. The number of branches 13 is a natural number.

[0077] In some embodiments, the radiation patch 11 is a regular N-gon, each vertex of the radiation patch 11 is provided with a branch 13, and N is an even number greater than or equal to 4. The radiation patch 11 is a regular N-gon, and thus the antenna provided with the radiation patch 11 can be a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna. For example, the geometry of the radiation patch 11 can be a square, a regular hexagon, a regular octagon, or the like. Referring to FIG. 3, the geometry of the radiation patch 11 can be a square.

[0078] In some embodiments, the geometry enclosed by the plurality of branches 13 is the same as the shape of the outer periphery of the radiation patch 11. Such a structure enables the antenna provided with the radiation patch 11 to have a better directional pattern.

[0079] For example, in the case where the geometry of the radiation patch 11 is a circle, the branch 13 has a circular arc structure. In the case where the plurality of branches 13 includes four branches 13, the geometry enclosed by the four branches 13 is a circle, and the center of the circle coincides with the center of the radiation patch 11. In this case, the antenna provided with the radiation patch 11 has a better directional pattern.

[0080] For example, in the case where the geometry of the radiation patch 11 is a square, the branch 13 has an L-shaped structure, one side of the bend of the L-shaped structure is a first sub-branch 131, and the other side of the bend of the L-shaped structure is a second sub-branch 131. The starting end 12 of the branch 13 is connected to a vertex of the square. In the case where the plurality of branches 13 includes four branches 13, the geometry enclosed by the four branches 13 is a square. In this case, the antenna provided with the radiation patch 11 has a better directional pattern.

[0081] In some embodiments, the middle part of the radiation patch 11 is further provided with a first strip-shaped slot 19 and a second strip-shaped slot 20, and the first strip-shaped slot 19 and the second strip-shaped slot 20 intersect at the center of the radiation patch 11 to form a cross shape.

[0082] Referring to FIG. 1, the middle part of the radiation patch 11 is provided with the first strip-shaped slot 19 and the second strip-shaped slot 20 intersecting in a cross shape. The first strip-shaped slot 19 and the second strip-shaped slot 20 can increase the isolation ISO between two polarized ports and the cross-polar discrimination XPD, thereby improving the axial ratio, increasing the efficiency, and increasing the gain, so that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna can realize circular polarization, wideband impedance matching, high efficiency, and high gain.

[0083] In some embodiments, the radiation patch 11 has two symmetry axes that pass through the center of the radiation patch 11 and pass through the starting end 12, and the two symmetry axes are a first symmetry axis and a second symmetry axis perpendicular to each other. The first strip-shaped slot 19 is arranged along the first symmetry axis, and the second strip-shaped slot 20 is arranged along the second symmetry axis.

[0084] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first and second symmetrical axes are set, and the first and second strip slots 19 and 20 are arranged along the first and second symmetrical axes, respectively, so that the antenna provided with the radiation patch 11 can better achieve circular polarization.

[0085] In some embodiments, the length of the first strip slot 19 is 1 / 4-1 / 2 of the length of the radiation patch 11 along the first symmetrical axis.

[0086] In some embodiments, the length of the second strip slot 20 is 1 / 4-1 / 2 of the length of the radiation patch 11 along the second symmetrical axis.

[0087] In some embodiments, the length of the first strip slot 19 is 1 / 4-1 / 2 of the length of the radiation patch 11 along the first symmetrical axis, and the length of the second strip slot 20 is 1 / 4-1 / 2 of the length of the radiation patch 11 along the second symmetrical axis. When the length of the first strip slot 19 and the length of the second strip slot 20 are within the above range, the isolation ISO and the cross-polar discrimination XPD between the two polarization ports can be increased, so that the axial ratio of the antenna provided with the radiation patch 11 can be improved, the efficiency of the antenna can be improved, and the gain of the antenna can be increased.

[0088] In practical applications, the length of the first strip slot 19 can be set according to the use requirements, for example, the length of the first strip slot 19 is 1 / 4, 5 / 16, 3 / 8, 7 / 16, 1 / 2, or an intermediate value between the above endpoints, of the length of the radiation patch 11 along the first symmetrical axis. Similarly, the length of the second strip slot 20 can be set according to the use requirements, for example, the length of the second strip slot 20 is 1 / 4, 5 / 16, 3 / 8, 7 / 16, 1 / 2, or an intermediate value between the above endpoints, of the length of the radiation patch 11 along the second symmetrical axis.

[0089] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 1, the radiation patch 11 is provided with a plurality of triangular slots 18, which are located between the starting end 12 and the center of the radiation patch 11, and close to the starting end 12.

[0090] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the triangular slots 18 are provided, which can adjust the input impedance, and can increase the port isolation ISO and the cross-polar discrimination XPD, so that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna provided with the radiation patch 11 can achieve circular polarization, wideband impedance matching, and high efficiency and high gain.

[0091] In some embodiments, the radiation patch 11 has a plurality of symmetrical axes that pass through the center of the radiation patch 11 and the starting end 12, the plurality of symmetrical axes pass through the vertices of the triangular slots 18 and bisect the triangular slots 18, so that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna provided with the radiation patch 11 can better achieve circular polarization.

[0092] In some embodiments, the triangular slot 18 has an arc-shaped side that protrudes towards the vertex of the triangular slot 18 that passes through the symmetry axis, and the arc-shaped side is located between the vertex of the triangular slot 18 that passes through the symmetry axis and the center of the radiation patch 11.

[0093] In some embodiments, when the geometric shape of the radiation patch 11 is a square, the triangular slot 18 is arranged at a corner of the radiation patch 11, and two straight sides of the triangular slot 18 are respectively parallel to two adjacent sides of the radiation patch 11.

[0094] In some embodiments, one triangular slot 18 is arranged at each corner of the square radiation patch 11, and two straight sides of the triangular slot 18 are respectively parallel to two adjacent sides of the radiation patch 11. For example, the lengths of the two straight sides of the triangular slot 18 and the angle of the central angle corresponding to the arc of the arc-shaped side 181 can be adjusted according to the use requirements. For example, the angle of the central angle corresponding to the arc of the arc-shaped side 181 can be 90°, 80°, 110°, etc., which is not limited in the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1, the angle of the central angle corresponding to the arc of the arc-shaped side 181 of the triangular slot 18 is 90 degrees.

[0095] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 1, the vertex of the triangular slot 18 that passes through the symmetry axis is provided with an extension slot 24 extending away from the center of the radiation patch 11. The provision of the extension slot 24 can achieve adjustment of the input impedance, and can increase the port isolation ISO and the cross-polarization discrimination XPD, so that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna provided with the radiation patch 11 can better achieve circular polarization, wideband impedance matching, high efficiency and high gain.

[0096] In some embodiments, the extension slot 24 is arranged along the first symmetry axis, or the extension slot 24 is arranged along the second symmetry axis, so that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna provided with the radiation patch 11 better achieves circular polarization.

[0097] In some embodiments, the outer periphery of the radiation patch 11 is provided with a plurality of protrusions 21 protruding outward, and the plurality of protrusions 21 are symmetric about the center of the radiation patch 11, and a pair of feeding portions is arranged at two adjacent protrusions 21.

[0098] In some embodiments, the feeding portion is configured to be connected with an external device, for example, the feeding portion is configured to be connected with a microstrip feed network structure 32 to realize the input of energy of the radiation patch 11.

[0099] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the outer periphery of the radiation patch 11 is provided with a plurality of protrusions 21 protruding outward, the plurality of protrusions 21 are symmetric to the center of the radiation patch 11, a pair of feeders are arranged at two adjacent protrusions 21, the protrusions 21 can push the feed points of the radiation patch 11 to the outermost edge of the radiation patch 11, which is conducive to increasing the isolation ISO of the two polarized ports, and conducive to obtaining higher and flatter impedance characteristics, facilitating wideband impedance matching, and improving the antenna efficiency of the radiation patch 11.

[0100] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 1, the pair of feeders includes a first feeder 22 and a second feeder 23, the first feeder 22 is arranged in one of the two adjacent protrusions 21, and the second feeder 23 is arranged between the other of the two adjacent protrusions 21 and the center of the radiation patch 11. In the above structure of some embodiments of the present disclosure, the arrangement positions of the protrusions 21, the first feeder 22 and the second feeder 23 can make the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna provided with the radiation patch 11 achieve circular polarization, wideband impedance matching, high efficiency and high gain.

[0101] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 1, the radiation patch 11 is provided with a pair of feeders arranged at the two adjacent protrusions 21. In other embodiments, the radiation patch 11 is provided with two pairs of feeders and two pairs of protrusions 21, one pair of feeders is arranged at one pair of adjacent protrusions 21, and the other pair of feeders is arranged at the other pair of adjacent protrusions 21. It can be understood that other numbers of feeders can also be arranged according to the use requirements, which are not limited in the present disclosure.

[0102] In some embodiments, the radiation patch 11 is a regular N-polygon, the protrusions 21 are arranged at the middle of each side of the radiation patch 11, and N is an even number greater than or equal to 4. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the radiation patch 11 is a regular N-polygon, and the antenna provided with the radiation patch 11 can be a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna. It can be understood that the number of protrusions 21 in the radiation patch 11 is equal to the number of sides of the radiation patch 11.

[0103] In some embodiments, the radiation patch 11 has a square geometric shape, and the radiation patch 11 has four protrusions 21, one protrusion 21 is arranged at the middle of each side of the radiation patch 11.

[0104] In some embodiments, the radiation patch 11 has a circular geometric shape, and the outer periphery of the radiation patch 11 is uniformly provided with a plurality of protrusions 21. In the case that the geometric shape of the radiation patch 11 is circular, the number of protrusions 21 arranged on the outer periphery of the radiation patch 11 can be set according to the use requirements. For example, the outer periphery of the radiation patch 11 can be provided with 4 protrusions 21, 8 protrusions 21, 32 protrusions 21, etc., and the number of protrusions 21 can also be an intermediate value between the above end point values.

[0105] In some embodiments, the protrusions 21 are arranged between two adjacent branches 13, and the number of the protrusions 21 is equal to the number of the branches 13. Referring to FIG. 3, when the number of the branches 13 is four, the number of the protrusions 21 is also four.

[0106] In some embodiments, the protrusions 21 have a gap from the ends of the branches 13, and the length of the sub-branches 131 of the branches 13 is greater than zero, and the ends of the branches 13 are not connected to the protrusions 21. When the radiation patch 11 is used, the length of the sub-branches 131 of the branches 13 can be adjusted according to the use requirements, so as to achieve the effects of adjusting the input impedance, improving the port isolation ISO, and increasing the polarization discrimination XPD.

[0107] In some embodiments, the radiation patch 11 has a circular shape, and the radiation patch 11 has a first symmetry axis and a second symmetry axis perpendicular to each other, and four branches 13. The first symmetry axis intersects the outer periphery of the radiation patch 11 at the starting end 12 of two branches 13, and the two sub-branches 131 of the branches 13 extend to the two sides of the starting end 12, respectively. The second symmetry axis intersects the outer periphery of the radiation patch 11 at the starting end 12 of the other two branches 13, and the two sub-branches 131 of the branches 13 extend to the two sides of the starting end 12, respectively.

[0108] The first strip-shaped slot 19 is arranged along the first symmetry axis, and the second strip-shaped slot 20 is arranged along the second symmetry axis.

[0109] The radiation patch 11 is provided with four triangular slots 18, which are located between the starting end 12 and the center of the radiation patch 11, and close to the starting end 12. The first symmetry axis passes through the apexes of the two triangular slots 18 and bisects the two triangular slots 18. The second symmetry axis passes through the apexes of the other two triangular slots 18 and bisects the other two triangular slots 18.

[0110] The radiation patch 11 is provided with four protrusions 21, which are symmetric about the center of the radiation patch 11, and each protrusion 21 is located between two adjacent branches 13, and the distance from the protrusion 21 to the two adjacent branches 13 is equal. A pair of feeding portions is arranged at two adjacent protrusions 21.

[0111] In some embodiments, the radiation patch 11 is square in shape, and has a first axis of symmetry and a second axis of symmetry perpendicular to each other, the first axis of symmetry is arranged along one diagonal of the square, and the second axis of symmetry is arranged along the other diagonal of the square. The radiation patch 11 is provided with four branches 13, each vertex of the radiation patch 11 is connected to a starting end 12 of the branch 13, and two sub-branches 131 of the branch 13 extend to two sides of the starting end 12 respectively, and the sub-branches 131 are parallel to the edges of the radiation patch 11.

[0112] The middle part of the radiation patch 11 is provided with a first slot 19 and a second slot 20, the first slot 19 is arranged along the first axis of symmetry, and the second slot 20 is arranged along the second axis of symmetry.

[0113] The radiation patch 11 is provided with four triangular slots 18, each triangular slot 18 is arranged at a corner of the radiation patch 11, the first axis of symmetry passes through the vertices of two triangular slots 18 and bisects the two triangular slots 18. The second axis of symmetry passes through the vertices of the other two triangular slots 18 and bisects the other two triangular slots 18.

[0114] The middle part of each edge of the radiation patch 11 is provided with a protrusion 21, and the radiation patch 11 is provided with four protrusions 21 in total. A pair of feeding parts is arranged at two adjacent protrusions 21.

[0115] In summary, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the radiation patch 11 is a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna, the arrangement of the branch 13 in the radiation patch 11 can adjust the input impedance of the radiation patch 11, improve the port isolation ISO, and increase the cross-polarization discrimination XPD, thereby improving the efficiency and gain of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna, and further improving the signal-to-noise ratio and communication quality of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna. The arrangement of the first slot 19 and the second slot 20 in the radiation patch 11 can increase the isolation ISO and the cross-polarization discrimination XPD between the two polarization ports, thereby improving the axial ratio, increasing the efficiency, and increasing the gain, so that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna can realize circular polarization, wideband impedance matching, high efficiency, and high gain. The arrangement of the triangular slot 18 in the radiation patch 11 can realize adjusting the input impedance, increasing the port isolation ISO and the cross-polarization discrimination XPD, and making the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna realize circular polarization, wideband impedance matching, and high efficiency and high gain. The arrangement of the protrusion 21 in the radiation patch 11 can push the feeding point of the radiation patch 11 to the outermost edge of the radiation patch 11, which is beneficial to increasing the isolation ISO between the two polarization ports, and is beneficial to obtaining higher and flatter impedance characteristics, facilitating wideband impedance matching, and improving the efficiency of the antenna provided with the radiation patch 11.

[0116] Referring to FIG. 6, some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an antenna substrate 10 comprising the radiation patch 11 described above. Since the antenna substrate 10 comprises the radiation patch 11 described above, the antenna substrate 10 can adjust the input impedance of the radiation patch 11 through the branch 13 arranged in the radiation patch 11, improve the port isolation ISO, increase the cross-polarization discrimination XPD, thereby improving the efficiency and gain of the antenna provided with the antenna substrate 10, and further improving the signal-to-noise ratio and communication quality of the antenna.

[0117] In some embodiments, referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the antenna substrate 10 further comprises the first ground plate 15 and the dielectric substrate 14, and one surface of the dielectric substrate 14 is provided with the first ground plate 15 along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate 10, and the other surface of the dielectric substrate 14 is provided with the radiation patch 11.

[0118] In some embodiments, referring to FIGS. 3, 5 and 6, the antenna substrate 10 further comprises the open circuit column 16 and the short circuit column 17, and the open circuit column 16 and the short circuit column 17 are respectively arranged in the dielectric substrate 14. The open circuit column 16 is arranged along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate 10, and the open circuit column 16 is connected with the starting end 12 of the branch 13. The first end of the short circuit column 17 is connected with the terminal end of the branch 13, and the second end of the short circuit column 17 is connected with the first ground plate 15.

[0119] In some embodiments, the antenna substrate 10 further comprises the open circuit column 16 and the short circuit column 17, and the open circuit column 16 and the short circuit column 17 are respectively arranged in the dielectric substrate 14. The open circuit column 16 is arranged along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate 10, and the open circuit column 16 is connected with the first ground plate 15. The first end of the short circuit column 17 is connected with the terminal end of the branch 13, and the second end of the short circuit column 17 is connected with the first ground plate 15.

[0120] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 5, the first end of the open circuit column 16 is connected with the starting end 12 of the branch 13, the second end of the open circuit column 16 extends to the first ground plate 15, and the second end of the open circuit column 16 has a gap with the first ground plate 15. Alternatively, the first end of the open circuit column 16 is connected with the first ground plate 15, the second end of the open circuit column 16 extends to the starting end 12 of the branch 13, and the second end of the open circuit column 16 has a gap with the starting end 12 of the branch 13. The above structure of the antenna substrate 10 can adjust the input impedance, improve the port isolation ISO, greatly improve the XPD, improve the efficiency of the antenna provided with the antenna substrate 10, increase the gain, expand the impedance bandwidth, and also can improve the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna, i.e., reduce the axial ratio, increase the axial ratio bandwidth, thereby improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna, and improve the communication quality of the antenna.

[0121] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when the radiation patch 11 is square, the four vertices of the radiation patch 11 are respectively connected with the stub 13, the open circuit column 16 is connected with one of the starting end 12 of the stub 13 and the first ground plate 15, and the starting end 12 of the stub 13 and the first ground plate 15 are not connected, and the starting end 12 of the stub 13 is an open circuit structure. The end of the stub 13 is connected with the first ground plate 15 through the short circuit column 17, and the end of the stub 13 is a short circuit structure. The antenna provided by the antenna substrate 10 can adjust the input impedance, improve the port isolation ISO, greatly improve the XPD, improve the antenna efficiency, increase the gain, expand the impedance bandwidth, and thus improve the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna, that is, reduce the axial ratio, increase the axial ratio bandwidth, and thus improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna and improve the communication quality of the antenna.

[0122] In some embodiments, along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate 10, the projection of the radiation patch 11 on the first ground plate 15 is located in the first ground plate 15. In this way, the effects of adjusting the input impedance, reducing the reflection and improving the transmission efficiency can be achieved.

[0123] Some embodiments of the present disclosure also provide an antenna 100, which comprises the above-mentioned antenna substrate 10. The antenna substrate 10 of the antenna 100 can adjust the input impedance of the radiation patch 11, improve the port isolation ISO, and increase the polarization discrimination XPD by the arrangement of the stub 13 in the radiation patch 11, so as to improve the efficiency and gain of the antenna 100, and thus improve the signal-to-noise ratio and communication quality of the antenna 100.

[0124] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 6, the antenna 100 further comprises a feeding substrate 30, which is arranged on a surface of the antenna substrate 10 away from the radiation patch 11. The feeding substrate 30 is configured to feed the antenna substrate 10.

[0125] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 2, the feeding substrate 30 comprises a second ground plate and a feeding substrate 31, the second ground plate is arranged on a surface of the feeding substrate 31 facing the antenna substrate 10, and is connected with the first ground plate 15 of the antenna substrate 10. The first ground plate 15 and the second ground plate provide a current return path for the antenna 100, so that electromagnetic waves can be radiated in space, which helps to realize impedance matching between the antenna 100 and the coaxial line.

[0126] In some embodiments, the feeding substrate 30 further comprises a one-to-two power divider 39 and a resistor, which are arranged on a surface of the feeding substrate 31 away from the antenna substrate 10. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the one-to-two power divider 39 is configured to divide one input signal into two output signals with equal power and output to the radiation patch 11.

[0127] In some embodiments, the one-to-two power divider 39 is a one-to-two Wilkinson power divider, and can also be other one-to-two equal power dividers, which can be selected according to the use requirements.

[0128] In some embodiments, the feeding substrate 30 further comprises a first microstrip line 341 and a second microstrip line 342, which are located on the surface of the feeding substrate 31 away from the antenna substrate 10. The input end of the first microstrip line 341 is connected with one output end of the one-to-two power divider 39, and the output end of the first microstrip line 341 is electrically connected with the radiating patch 11. The input end of the second microstrip line 342 is connected with the other output end of the one-to-two power divider 39, and the output end of the second microstrip line 342 is electrically connected with the radiating patch 11. In the above structure of some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first microstrip line 341 and the second microstrip line 342 are arranged to realize the electrical connection between the one-to-two power divider 39 and the radiating patch 11, so as to divide one input signal into two output signals with equal power and output to the radiating patch 11.

[0129] In some embodiments, the resistors include a first resistor 351 and a second resistor 352, the first resistor 351 is connected across the first microstrip line 341 and the second microstrip line 342, and is close to the two output ends of the one-to-two power divider 39. The second resistor 352 is connected across the one-to-two power divider 39, and is close to the two output ends of the one-to-two power divider 39.

[0130] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the connection positions of the first resistor 351 with the first microstrip line 341 and the second microstrip line 342, and the connection positions of the second resistor 352 with the one-to-two power divider 39, are all located at positions with relatively small current values, so that the resistance loss can be effectively reduced, thereby increasing the efficiency and gain of the antenna 100.

[0131] Referring to FIG. 2, the first resistor 351 is connected across the right-angle corners of the first section of the first microstrip line 341 and the first section of the second microstrip line 342. The second resistor 352 is connected across the small conductor section of the one-to-two power divider 39.

[0132] In some embodiments, the first resistor 351 and the second resistor 352 are connected in parallel, so that the resistance loss can be reduced, thereby increasing the efficiency and gain of the antenna 100.

[0133] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 3 and FIG. 6, the antenna 100 further comprises a first feeding column 401 and a second feeding column 402, the first feeding column 401 is connected with the output end of the first microstrip line 341 and the first feeding part 22 of the radiating patch 11 respectively. The second feeding column 402 is connected with the output end of the second microstrip line 342 and the second feeding part 23 of the radiating patch 11 respectively.

[0134] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first output of the 1:2 power divider 39 is connected to the input of the first microstrip line 341, the output of the first microstrip line 341 is connected to the first end of the first feeding column 401, and the second end of the first feeding column 401 is connected to the first feeding part 22 of the radiation patch 11. The second output of the 1:2 power divider 39 is connected to the input of the second microstrip line 342, the output of the second microstrip line 342 is connected to the first end of the second feeding column 402, and the second end of the second feeding column 402 is connected to the second feeding part 23 of the radiation patch 11. Through the above structure, the electrical connection between the 1:2 power divider 39 and the radiation patch 11 can be achieved.

[0135] Referring to FIG. 5, the surface of the radiation patch 11 away from the microstrip feeding network structure 32 is provided with a solder pad 41, and the radiation patch 11 is soldered to the first feeding column 401 and the second feeding column 402.

[0136] In some embodiments, the resistance values of the first feeding column 401 and the second feeding column 402 are the same, the resistance values of the first resistor 351 and the second resistor 352 are the same, and the resistance value of the first resistor 351 is four times the resistance value of the first feeding column 401. At this time, the resistance values of the first resistor 351 and the second resistor 352 achieve matching with the resistance values of the first feeding column 401 and the second feeding column 402.

[0137] For example, when the resistance values of the first feeding column 401 and the second feeding column 402 are both 50Ω, the resistance values of the first resistor 351 and the second resistor 352 are both 200Ω.

[0138] In some embodiments, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 14 in the antenna substrate 10 is greater than the dielectric constant of the feeding substrate 31.

[0139] In some embodiments, in the thickness direction of the antenna substrate 10, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 14 in the antenna substrate 10 is greater than the thickness of the feeding substrate 31.

[0140] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 14 is less than the dielectric constant of the feeding substrate 31, and the thickness of the dielectric substrate 14 is greater than the thickness of the feeding substrate 31, which can better balance the requirements of miniaturization, bandwidth and efficiency.

[0141] In some embodiments, the input of the 1:2 power divider 39 is located between the first feeding column 401 and the second feeding column 402 to achieve better planar space arrangement and reduce the occupied area.

[0142] In some embodiments, the number of the one-to-two power dividers 39 is set according to the use requirement, for example, the one-to-two power dividers 39 can be provided with one, two, etc. Correspondingly, the number of the first microstrip lines 341 and the number of the second microstrip lines 342, the number of the first resistors 351 and the number of the second resistors 352, the number of the first feeding columns 401 and the number of the second feeding columns 402, respectively match the number of the one-to-two power dividers 39. For example, when the one-to-two power dividers 39 are provided with one, the first microstrip lines 341, the second microstrip lines 342, the first resistors 351, the second resistors 352, the first feeding columns 401, the second feeding columns 402 are each provided with one, and the radiating patches 11 are provided with one pair of feeding portions. When the one-to-two power dividers 39 are provided with two, the first microstrip lines 341, the second microstrip lines 342, the first resistors 351, the second resistors 352, the first feeding columns 401, the second feeding columns 402 are each provided with two, and the radiating patches 11 are provided with two pairs of feeding portions.

[0143] For example, the antenna 100 of some embodiments of the present disclosure is a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna, and the manufacturing process is briefly described as follows.

[0144] First, a planar rectangular coordinate system XOY is set, in which the included angle between the X-axis and the Y-axis and the first symmetry axis is 45 degrees, the included angle between the X-axis and the Y-axis and the second symmetry axis is 45 degrees, the first symmetry axis and the second symmetry axis are perpendicular to each other, and are respectively two diagonal lines of the radiating patch 11. In this planar rectangular coordinate system XOY, taking the +X-axis as the starting point (Phi=0°, i.e. the azimuth angle is 0 degrees) and the coordinate origin O as the center, the square radiating patch 11 and the square first ground plate 15 are respectively drawn, the side length of the radiating patch 11 is A p , the side length of the first ground plate 15 is A g , A p <A g , the height of the radiating patch 11 from the first ground plate 15 is H, which satisfies the half-wave patch condition, i.e.

[0145] Where λ g is the guided wave length, λ0 is the free space wavelength, ε r is the relative dielectric constant.

[0146] The four edges of the radiation patch 11 are provided with outward protrusions 21 respectively, and the protrusions 21 extend from the middle of the edges of the radiation patch 11 to the direction away from the radiation patch 11. The first feeding part 22 and the second feeding part 23 are arranged at the two protrusions 21 adjacent to one vertex of the radiation patch 11 respectively. The first strip slot 19 and the second strip slot 20 are arranged in the 45° diagonal direction of the center of the radiation patch 11, and the first strip slot 19 and the second strip slot 20 intersect at the middle of the radiation patch 11 to form a cross slot. A triangular slot 18 is arranged at each corner of the radiation patch 11, and the triangular slot 18 is a right-angled triangle. The hypotenuse 181 of the triangular slot 18 is a circular arc protruding to the right angle of the triangular slot 18, and the right angle of the triangular slot 18 faces the vertex of the radiation patch 11. The four vertices of the radiation patch 11 are provided with branches 13 respectively, and the branches 13 are provided with open circuit columns 16 at the starting end 12 and short circuit columns 17 at the end.

[0147] The dielectric substrate 14 is filled with the first dielectric material between the radiation patch 11 and the first ground plate 15, and the dielectric constant and the loss angle of the first dielectric material are ε r1 1 and tanδ1 respectively, and the thickness is H u , which meets the condition requirements of the above-mentioned half-wave patch, that is:

[0148] The feeding substrate 31 is arranged, and the dielectric constant and the loss angle of the feeding substrate 31 are ε r2 2 and tanδ2 respectively, and the thickness is H l , and the relationship between the dielectric substrate 14 and the feeding substrate 31 meets ε r2 <ε r1 , H l <H u .

[0149] A second ground plate is arranged on one surface of the feeding substrate 31, and a microstrip feeding network structure 32 is arranged on the other surface of the feeding substrate 31. The microstrip feeding network structure 32 includes a Wilkinson power divider with a 1:2 equal power division, and an input end of the Wilkinson power divider is connected to a 50Ω coaxial line through a third microstrip line 36 (including two sections of quarter-wavelength impedance transformation sections). Two output ends of the Wilkinson power divider are respectively connected to a fourth feeding part 38 through a first microstrip line 341 (including three sections of wavelength impedance transformation sections) and to a third feeding part 37 through a second microstrip line 342 (including three sections of wavelength impedance transformation sections). In a planar rectangular coordinate system XOY, the third feeding part 37 and the fourth feeding part 38 on the microstrip feeding network structure 32 are respectively located on the +X axis and the -Y axis, and the first section of the wavelength impedance transformation section of the -Y axis branch is longer than the first section of the wavelength impedance transformation section of the +X axis branch by λ / 4, and the phase lags behind that of the latter by 90°. In a top view, the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna generates a left-handed circularly polarized (LHCP) wave.

[0150] Then, the feeding substrate 30 and the antenna substrate 10 are connected, the first ground plate 15 and the second ground plate are connected, and the microstrip feeding network structure 32 and the radiating patch 11 are connected through the first feeding column 401 and the second feeding column 402, for example, the first feeding part 22 and the fourth feeding part 38 are connected through the first feeding column 401, and the second feeding part 23 and the third feeding part 37 are connected through the second feeding column 402. The microstrip feeding network structure 32 is configured to feed the radiating patch 11, and the microstrip feeding network structure 32 transmits radio frequency energy from a feeding point to the radiating patch 11, so as to excite the radiating patch 11 to generate electromagnetic waves and radiate them into space.

[0151] Referring to FIG. 6, in the XOY plane, the size of the antenna substrate 10 and the size of the feeding substrate 30 are the same, and the antenna substrate 10 and the feeding substrate 30 are arranged in a stacked manner in the Z direction to form a cuboid structure. The feeding substrate 30 feeds the radiating patch 11 on the antenna substrate 10, so that the radiating patch 11 receives and radiates electromagnetic waves.

[0152] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the microstrip feeding network structure 32 is configured to divide one input signal into two output signals with equal power and output to the radiating patch 11, and the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna of some embodiments of the present disclosure is a double-fed + one-level power-divided antenna. In this way, the microstrip form of the feeding network is used, so that the bandwidth of the antenna is wider than that of the phase shifter.

[0153] Thus, the antenna 100 of some embodiments of the present disclosure is a circularly polarized microstrip patch, which can first improve the isolation between two polarizations and reduce mutual interference. In order to improve the isolation between two polarizations, the first and second strip slots 19 and 20 are arranged along ±45° at the center of the radiating patch 11, the triangular slot 18 is opened at the vertex of the radiating patch 11, the stub 13, open-circuit post 16 and short-circuit post 17 are arranged at the vertex, and the feed network is in the form of a microstrip line, thereby reducing the loss power and improving the radiation power to achieve high efficiency of the antenna 100.

[0154] Secondly, the resistance power loss on the microstrip feed network structure 32 can be reduced. In order to reduce the resistance consumption, the first and second resistors 351 and 352 are arranged in parallel, and the first and second resistors 351 and 352 are arranged on the front and back sides of the two output ends of the one-to-two power divider 39. Since the first and second resistors 351 and 352 are arranged at a position where the current maximum amplitude value is not present, the power consumption is reduced and the efficiency is improved.

[0155] In addition, in order to meet the compactness and miniaturization requirements of terminal equipment, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 14 is greater than the thickness of the feed substrate 31, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 14 is less than the dielectric constant of the feed substrate 31. The size of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is only 50.3mm×50.3mm×5.3mm (0.35λ×0.35λ×0.035λ@2.09GHz). It is suitable for use in terminal equipment for geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) satellite communication and global navigation satellite system (GNSS).

[0156] In some embodiments, in the L / C frequency band 1980-2200MHz, the antenna 100 of some embodiments of the present disclosure is a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna, which has the following characteristics.

[0157] Referring to Figure 7, a Smith chart of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna according to some embodiments is shown, where m1, m2, and m3 are three points on the graph. The impedance curve formed by the input impedance at each frequency on the Smith chart approaches the 50Ω center point of the Smith chart. This indicates that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna and the cable with a characteristic impedance of 50Ω are well matched, achieving effective radiation to the cable with a characteristic impedance of 50Ω, and exhibiting high efficiency. In Figure 7, the angle (Ang) represents the phase angle of the reflection coefficient, which describes the phase difference between the reflected wave and the incident wave. The amplitude (Mag) represents the magnitude of the reflection coefficient, reflecting the amplitude ratio of the reflected wave to the incident wave. The real part of the normalized impedance (RX) represents the energy loss-related portion of the antenna system's impedance to current, and is represented on the horizontal axis of the Smith chart. The imaginary part of the normalized impedance (RX) is generated by the inductance and capacitance effects in the antenna. Points above the horizontal axis have a positive imaginary part, representing inductive reactance; points below the horizontal axis have a negative imaginary part, representing capacitive reactance.

[0158] Referring to Figure 8, a standing wave ratio (VSWR) curve of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna according to some embodiments is shown, where m1, m2, and m3 are three points on the curve. The horizontal axis (X-axis) in this figure represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents the VSWR. Within the 1.98-2.2 GHz frequency band, the VSWR ranges as follows: VSWR < 1.93, bandwidth = 10.53%. Figure 8 shows good impedance matching between the radiating patch 11 and the microstrip feed network structure 32, resulting in low energy loss and a wide bandwidth.

[0159] Referring to Figure 9, a peak directivity versus real gain graph of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna according to some embodiments is shown. The horizontal axis of the graph represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents gain in dBi. The solid line represents peak directivity, denoted by Dp, which ranges from Dp = 5.59 to 6.12 dBc. The dashed line represents real gain, denoted by G. R It is said that G R The range is G R = 0.77-3.85 dBc. Figure 9 illustrates the high gain advantage of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna.

[0160] Referring to Figure 10, an efficiency graph of a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna according to some embodiments is shown. The horizontal axis of the graph represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents the antenna efficiency. Within a frequency range of 1.98–2.2 GHz, the antenna efficiency η... A(i.e., Antenna Efficiency) ranges from η A = 33% - 60%. Fig. 10 shows that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna has the advantage of higher efficiency.

[0161] Referring to Fig. 11, a plot of the axial ratio of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is shown according to some embodiments. The horizontal axis in the figure is frequency, in GHz, and the vertical axis is axial ratio, in dB. In the frequency range of 1.98 - 2.2 GHz, the axial ratio (AR) < 2.57 dB. The axial ratio is small, and in the case of frequency f = 2.11 GHz, AR < 0.67 dB. Fig. 11 shows that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna has the advantage of small axial ratio and good circular polarization.

[0162] Referring to Fig. 12, a plot of the axial ratio pattern of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna at f = 2.11 GHz is shown according to some embodiments. The horizontal axis in the figure is the elevation angle of the antenna radiation direction, in degrees (deg), and the vertical axis is the axial ratio, in dB. In the axial ratio pattern at f = 2.11 GHz, the solid line corresponds to the azimuth angle Phi = 45°, the dashed line corresponds to the azimuth angle Phi = 135°, and the axial ratio AR < 3.0 of the two sections has a half power beam width (HPBW) = 146°. Fig. 12 shows that the axial ratio is relatively low and the circular polarization characteristics are good.

[0163] Referring to Fig. 13, a plot of the gain pattern of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna at f = 2.11 GHz is shown according to some embodiments. The solid line is the gain of left-handed circular polarization (LHCP), the dashed line is the gain of right-handed circular polarization (RHCP), and the axial ratio AR < 0.67 dB. Fig. 13 shows that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is LHCP, the difference between m1 and m2 is large, the axial ratio is good, and the beam width is wide. In Fig. 13, the azimuth angle (Theta) is the azimuth angle of the antenna radiation direction, the angle (Ang) represents the angle of the antenna radiation direction relative to the reference direction, and the magnitude (Mag) represents the size of the gain.

[0164] Referring to Fig. 14, a plot of the half power beam width of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is shown according to some embodiments. The horizontal axis in the figure is frequency, in GHz, and the vertical axis is beam width, in degrees (deg). In the frequency band of 1.98 - 2.2 GHz, the half power beam width ranges from HPBW = 100.6° - 104°. Fig. 14 shows that the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna has a wide beam width and covers a wider range.

[0165] The circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna of some embodiments of the present disclosure achieves left-handed circular polarization LHCP in L / C frequency band 1980-2200MHz, BW=10.53%, with VSWR<1.93, bandwidth (BW)>10.53%, axial ratio AR<2.57dB, peak directivity D p =5.59-6.12dBc, real gain G R =0.77-3.85dBc, efficiency η A =33%-60%, and the comprehensive performance of the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is very excellent. More importantly, the efficiency can be improved to 60%, and the gain is increased by at least 3dB, which is an important breakthrough in the technology of circularly polarized microstrip patch antennas, and has great industrial progress and considerable economic benefits.

[0166] In summary, the circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna of some embodiments of the present disclosure has high efficiency, high gain, and the advantages of wide axial ratio bandwidth, good directivity pattern symmetry, and high phase center stability, and is suitable for use in GTO satellite communication and GNSS navigation terminal equipment.

[0167] Referring to FIG. 15, some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a communication device 200, which comprises the antenna 100 described above. Since the antenna 100 has good isolation ISO of the two polarization ports, and has high and flat impedance characteristics, and high efficiency, the communication device 200 has good communication quality and communication efficiency.

[0168] For example, the communication device 200 is a GTO satellite communication or GNSS navigation terminal equipment.

[0169] Referring to FIGS. 16 and 17, some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a vehicle 1000, which comprises the antenna 100 described above, or the vehicle 1000 comprises the communication device 200 described above.

[0170] It should be noted that the radiation patch 11, the antenna substrate 10, the antenna 100, the communication device 200, and the vehicle 1000 can be mutually referred to, and the vehicle 1000 has the same or similar beneficial effects as the aforementioned radiation patch 11, antenna substrate 10, and antenna 100. To avoid repetition, they will not be described here.

[0171] It is to be noted that, in the present text, relational terms such as first and second and the like can be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can also include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by "comprises... a" does not, without more constraints, exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

[0172] The various embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same or similar parts among the various embodiments can be mutually referred to, and each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments.

[0173] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present disclosure. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure shall be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A radiation patch (11), wherein, The outer periphery of the radiation patch (11) is provided with a plurality of branches (13), the plurality of branches (13) are symmetric to the center of the radiation patch (11), the starting end (12) of each branch (13) is connected with the radiation patch (11) and is adapted to be provided with an open circuit column (16), and the end of the branch (13) is adapted to be provided with a short circuit column (17).

2. The radiating patch (11) of claim 1, wherein The branch (13) comprises two sub-branches (131), the two sub-branches (131) are connected to form the starting end (12) of the branch (13), the two sub-branches (131) respectively extend to both sides of the starting end (12), and the end portions of the two sub-branches (131) away from the starting end (12) are the ends of the branch (13).

3. The radiating patch (11) of claim 2, wherein The radiation patch (11) has a plurality of symmetry axes passing through the center of the radiation patch (11) and the starting end (12), and the two sub-branches (131) of the branch (13) are symmetrically arranged along the symmetry axes passing through the starting end (12).

4. The radiating patch (11) according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The radiation patch (11) is circular, and the plurality of branches (13) are uniformly arranged around the outer periphery of the radiation patch (11).

5. The radiating patch (11) according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The radiation patch (11) is a regular N-polygon, and each vertex of the radiation patch (11) is provided with the branch (13); wherein N is an even number greater than or equal to 4.

6. The radiating patch (11) of claim 5, wherein The radiation patch (11) has a square geometric shape.

7. The radiating patch (11) according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The geometric shape enclosed by the plurality of branches (13) is the same as the shape enclosed by the outer periphery of the radiation patch (11).

8. The radiating patch (11) according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The middle part of the radiation patch (11) is further provided with a first strip-shaped groove (19) and a second strip-shaped groove (20), and the first strip-shaped groove (19) and the second strip-shaped groove (20) intersect at the center of the radiation patch (11) to form a cross shape.

9. The radiating patch (11) according to claim 8, wherein The radiation patch (11) has two symmetry axes passing through the center of the radiation patch (11) and the starting end (12), and the two symmetry axes include a first symmetry axis and a second symmetry axis perpendicular to each other; the first strip-shaped groove (19) is arranged along the first symmetry axis, and the second strip-shaped groove (20) is arranged along the second symmetry axis.

10. The radiation patch (11) according to claim 9, further satisfying at least one of the following: The length of the first strip-shaped groove (19) is 1 / 4-1 / 2 of the length of the radiation patch (11) along the first symmetry axis; and / or, The length of the second strip-shaped groove (20) is 1 / 4-1 / 2 of the length of the radiation patch (11) along the second symmetry axis.

11. The radiating patch (11) according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein, The radiation patch (11) is provided with a plurality of triangular grooves (18), each triangular groove (18) in the plurality of triangular grooves (18) is located between the corresponding starting end (12) and the center of the radiation patch (11), and is close to the starting end (12).

12. The radiating patch (11) according to claim 11, wherein, The radiation patch (11) has a plurality of symmetry axes passing through the center of the radiation patch (11) and the starting end (12), the symmetry axes pass through the vertex of the triangular groove (18), and divide the triangular groove (18).

13. The radiating patch (11) according to claim 12, wherein, The triangular groove (18) has an arc-shaped side between the vertex passing through the symmetry axis and the center of the radiation patch (11) in the triangular groove (18), which is convex to the vertex passing through the symmetry axis in the triangular groove (18).

14. The radiating patch (11) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein, The vertex passing through the symmetry axis in the triangular groove (18) is provided with an extension groove (24) extending away from the center of the radiation patch (11).

15. The radiating patch (11) according to any one of claims 11-14, wherein, In the case that the geometric shape of the radiation patch (11) is a square, the triangular groove (18) is arranged at the corner of the radiation patch (11), and two straight sides of the triangular groove (18) are respectively parallel to two adjacent sides of the radiation patch (11).

16. The radiating patch (11) according to any one of claims 1-15, wherein, The outer periphery of the radiation patch (11) is provided with a plurality of protrusions (21) protruding outward, which are symmetric about the center of the radiation patch (11), and a pair of feeders are arranged at two adjacent protrusions (21) in the plurality of protrusions (21).

17. The radiating patch (11) according to claim 16, wherein The pair of feeders includes a first feeder (22) and a second feeder (23), the first feeder (22) is located in one of the two protrusions (21), and the second feeder (23) is located between the other protrusion (21) and the center of the radiation patch (11).

18. The radiating patch (11) according to claim 16 or 17, wherein The radiation patch (11) is provided with one or two pairs of feeders.

19. The radiating patch (11) according to any one of claims 16-18, wherein, The radiation patch (11) is a regular N-polygon, and each side of the radiation patch (11) is provided with one of the plurality of protrusions (21); wherein N is an even number greater than or equal to 4.

20. The radiating patch (11) according to any one of claims 16-19, wherein, Each protrusion (21) in the plurality of protrusions (21) is arranged between two adjacent branches (13) in the plurality of branches (13).

21. The radiating patch (11) according to claim 20, wherein The protrusion (21) and the end of the branch (13) have a gap.

22. An antenna substrate (10) comprising the radiation patch (11) according to any one of claims 1-21.

23. The antenna substrate (10) according to claim 22, further comprising a first ground plate (15) and a dielectric substrate (14); one surface of the dielectric substrate (14) is provided with the first ground plate (15) along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate (10), and the other surface of the dielectric substrate (14) is provided with the radiation patch (11).

24. The antenna substrate (10) according to claim 23, further comprising an open circuit post (16) and a short circuit post (17), the open circuit post (16) and the short circuit post (17) are respectively arranged in the dielectric substrate (14); The open circuit post (16) is arranged along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate (10), and the open circuit post (16) is connected with the starting end (12); The first end of the short circuit post (17) is connected with the end, and the second end of the short circuit post (17) is connected with the first ground plate (15).

25. The antenna substrate (10) according to claim 23 or 24, wherein The projection of the radiation patch (11) on the first ground plate (15) is located in the first ground plate (15) along the thickness direction of the antenna substrate (10).

26. An antenna (100) comprising the antenna substrate (10) according to any one of claims 22-25.

27. The antenna (100) according to claim 26, further comprising a feeding substrate (30) disposed on a surface of the antenna substrate (10) away from the radiating patch (11).

28. The antenna (100) of claim 27, wherein, The feeding substrate (30) comprises a second ground plate and a feeding dielectric substrate (31), the second ground plate is disposed on a surface of the feeding dielectric substrate (31) facing the antenna substrate (10) and connected with the first ground plate (15) of the antenna substrate (10).

29. The antenna (100) according to claim 27 or 28, wherein The feeding substrate (30) further comprises a 1-to-2 power divider (39), a resistor and the feeding dielectric substrate (31), the 1-to-2 power divider (39) and the resistor are disposed on a surface of the feeding dielectric substrate (31) away from the antenna substrate (10).

30. The antenna (100) of claim 29, wherein, The feeding substrate (30) further comprises a first microstrip line (341) and a second microstrip line (342), the first microstrip line (341) and the second microstrip line (342) are disposed on a surface of the feeding dielectric substrate (31) away from the antenna substrate (10); the 1-to-2 power divider (39) comprises two output ends, an input end of the first microstrip line (341) is connected with one of the output ends of the 1-to-2 power divider (39), and an output end of the first microstrip line (341) is electrically connected with the radiating patch (11); an input end of the second microstrip line (342) is connected with the other output end of the 1-to-2 power divider (39), and an output end of the second microstrip line (342) is electrically connected with the radiating patch (11).

31. The antenna (100) of claim 30, wherein, The resistor comprises a first resistor (351) and a second resistor (352), the first resistor (351) is connected across the first microstrip line (341) and the second microstrip line (342) and close to the two output ends of the 1-to-2 power divider (39); the second resistor (352) is connected across the 1-to-2 power divider (39) and close to the two output ends of the 1-to-2 power divider (39).

32. The antenna (100) of claim 31, wherein, The antenna further comprises a first feeding post (401) and a second feeding post (402), the first feeding post (401) is connected with the output end of the first microstrip line (341) and a first feeding portion (22) of the radiating patch (11) respectively; the second feeding post (402) is connected with the output end of the second microstrip line (342) and a second feeding portion (23) of the radiating patch (11) respectively.

33. The antenna (100) of claim 32, wherein, The first feeding post (401) and the second feeding post (402) have the same resistance, the first resistor (351) and the second resistor (352) have the same resistance, and the resistance of the first resistor (351) is four times of the resistance of the first feeding post (401).

34. The antenna (100) according to claim 32 or 33, wherein The input end of the 1-to-2 power divider (39) is located between the first feeding post (401) and the second feeding post (402).

35. The antenna (100) according to any of claims 28-34, wherein, The dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate (14) in the antenna substrate (10) is greater than the dielectric constant of the feeding dielectric substrate (31).

36. The antenna (100) according to any of claims 28-35, wherein, In a thickness direction of the antenna substrate (10), a thickness of the dielectric substrate (14) in the antenna substrate (10) is greater than a thickness of the feeding substrate (31).

37. A communication device (200) comprising the antenna (100) according to any one of claims 26-36.

38. The communication device (200) according to claim 37, wherein The communication device (200) is a vehicle (1000); or the communication device (200) is arranged in a vehicle (1000).

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