Cultivation system and methods for growing vegetation

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a cultivation system configured for advanced plant production, various embodiments of which are contemplated, one representative embodiment being described herein. The system facilitates planting, cultivation, transport, harvesting, and servicing of vegetation from seed to harvest while enabling a limitless-spacing process that allows repeated repositioning of plant carriers to achieve exceptionally high plant density and Leaf Area Index (LAI). In one embodiment, the system includes one or more sets of securing members for removably holding plants, an apparatus for moving the securing members, and a drive assembly comprising a first track, a second track, a first chain, and a second chain pivotally coupled to the first chain, and one or more drive units. Drive units advance the chains along the respective tracks, thereby driving the securing members to reposition them with controlled spacing, thereby maximizing production capacity in vertical farms, greenhouses, or other cultivation facilities.

Description

CULTIVATION SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR GROWINGVEGETATIONTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to horticulture, and more particularly, to a cultivation system for cultivating plants.BACKGROUND

[0002] A cultivation system refers to a method or technology used to enhance the growth and development of plants, typically in controlled environments such as greenhouses, cultivation setups, or agricultural fields. These systems are designed to optimize key factors like water, light, temperature, and nutrients to support plant health and increase yields. Modern cultivation systems can be highly automated, utilizing sensors and drive units to regulate conditions and improve efficiency. These systems may include features, such as automated irrigation, nutrient delivery systems, etc., all working together to create an ideal environment for crops. By leveraging advanced technology and techniques, cultivation systems offer sustainable solutions to increase food production while minimizing resource use and addressing challenges such as limited space, climate change effects, energy crisis, lack of labor, and water scarcity.

[0003] In response to pressing challenges like food security, rapid population growth, water scarcity, and the need for job creation, there is a growing demand for more efficient and advanced plant cultivation systems. As the global population continues to rise, the pressure on traditional agricultural practices increases, necessitating innovations that produce more food using fewer resources. Improved cultivation systems can help maximize crop yields, reduce water consumption, and minimize environmental impact. Additionally, such systems can foster economic growth by creating new employment opportunities in technology-driven agriculture, sustainable farming practices, and the development of smart farming solutions. Embracing these enhanced systems can ensure a more resilient and sustainable approach to meeting future food demands.

[0004] Further, maximizing production per square meter is a key factor in improving the profitability and sustainability of protected cultivation. One of the primary challenges in achieving this lies in maintaining the ideal spacing between crops, such as leafy greens, within the cultivation system, and during the entire cultivation process. Proper spacing is critical, as it directly impacts the overall production capacity and efficiency, playing a vital role in optimizing space utilization and maximizingcrop yields.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need to design a system for a cultivation system that overcomes one or more limitations stated above, in addition to providing other technical advantages.SUMMARY

[0006] Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a cultivation system designed to manage the entire lifecycle of plant cultivation, from the initial planting phase to harvest.

[0007] In an embodiment, a cultivation system is disclosed. The cultivation system includes one or more sets of securing members configured to removably secure one or more plants associated with the cultivated system, one or more apparatuses configured to move the one or more sets of securing members, and one or more sets of hooks configured to engage the at least one of the first chain and the second chain with the one or more sets of securing members. At least one apparatus includes a first track and a second track, chains, and one or more drive units. Each of the first track and the second track extends, at least partially, across at least one set of securing members of the one or more sets of securing members. The chains include a first chain and a second chain pivotally coupled to the first chain. The first chain is configured to move along the first track and the second chain is configured to move along the second track. The one or more drive units are operably coupled to at least one of the first chain and the second chain. The one or more drive units are configured to move the first chain and the second chain.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0008] The following detailed description of illustrative embodiments is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure, exemplary constructions of the disclosure are shown in the drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to a specific device or tool and instrumentalities disclosed herein. Moreover, those in the art will understand that the drawings are not to scale. Wherever possible, like elements have been indicated by identical numbers:

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram representation of an exemplary cultivation system, in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0010] FIG. 2A illustrates a perspective view of at least a part of a cultivation block of the cultivation system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0011] FIG. 2B illustrates a top view of at least the part of the cultivation block, of FIG. 2A, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0012] FIG. 2C illustrates a perspective view of at least the part of the cultivation block, without a covering member of an apparatus, of FIG. 2A, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0013] FIG. 2D illustrates a front view of at least the part of the cultivation block, without the covering member, of FIG. 2C, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0014] FIG. 2E shows a schematic representation of the size of a plant in a preparation zone, a spacing zone, and a final zone of the cultivation block, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0015] FIG. 2F shows a schematic representation of the size of the plant at a start point of the preparation zone and at an end point of the final zone, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0016] FIG. 2G illustrates a positioning of a securing member at the start point of the preparation zone, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0017] FIG. 2H illustrates the positioning of the securing member at the start point of the spacing zone, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG. 21 illustrates the positioning of the securing member at the end point of the final zone, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of an irrigation pool of the cultivation block, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate a perspective view of at least one securing member of the set of securing members, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0021] FIG. 4D illustrates a top view, of the at least one securing member, of FIG. 4B, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a plant holder positioned within a hole of the at least one securing member, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] FIG. 6A illustrates a perspective view of the apparatus, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] FIG. 6B illustrates a front view of the apparatus, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] FIG. 6C illustrates a perspective view of a part of the apparatus, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] FIG. 6D illustrates a perspective view of a part of chains, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] FIG. 6E illustrates a front view of the part of the chains, of FIG. 6D, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] FIG. 6F illustrates a perspective view of a chain A of the chains of FIG. 6D, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] FIG. 6G illustrates a perspective view of a chain B of the chains of FIG. 6D, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] FIG. 6H illustrates a perspective view of the chain A or the chain B of FIG. 6D, when they are identical, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] FIG. 6I illustrates a perspective view of the chain A or the chain B of FIG. 6D, when they are identical, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate at least one hook, of the at least one set of hooks, engaging a first chain with the securing member, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] FIG. 8 A illustrates the one or more drive units coupled to the chain A and / or the chain B, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] FIG. 8B illustrates a front view of at least one drive unit of the one or more drive units, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] FIG. 9A illustrates a perspective view of at least a part of a cultivation block of the cultivation system in a horizontal position, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] FIG. 9B illustrates a perspective view of at least the part of the cultivation block, without the covering member of the apparatus, of FIG. 9A, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate a perspective view of a part of the cultivation block of the cultivation system in a vertical position, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] FIG. 10C illustrates a front view, of the cultivation block of FIGS. 10A and 10B, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] FIG. 10D illustrates a front view, of the part of the cultivation block, without the covering member of the apparatus, of FIG. 10C, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] FIG. 10E illustrates a side view, of the part of the cultivation block of FIG. 10A, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] FIG. 10F illustrates a plant secured to a securing member of the cultivation block, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] FIG. 10G illustrates a perspective view of the securing member configured with a channel, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] FIG. 10H illustrates a perspective view of a securing member configured with a plurality of holes, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] FIG. 11 illustrates a front view of the apparatus coupled to the securing members, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG. 12A illustrates a first mechanism of, a perspective view of the chain A and a securing member moving in a direction R, with a hook engaged to a carriage, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] FIG. 12B illustrates, the first mechanism of, a perspective view of a movement of the securing member from the position P1 to P2, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] FIGS. 12C and 12D illustrate, the first mechanism of, a perspective view of the hook disengaged from the carriage at position P2 of the securing member, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIGS. 12E-12G illustrate, the first mechanism of, a perspective view of a movement of the hook from the position P2 to P1, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIGS. 12H and 12I illustrate, the first mechanism of a perspective view of the hook engaging with the new carriage at position P1 of the securing member, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] FIG. 13 A illustrates, a second mechanism of, a perspective view of the hook moving in a first half cycle, reaching to the position P1, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] FIG. 13B illustrates, the second mechanism of, a perspective view of the hook, which pulling the carriage, reaching a stopper, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure

[0052] FIG. 13C illustrates a perspective view of the hook, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] FIG. 13D illustrates a perspective view of the hook, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] FIG. 13E illustrates, the second mechanism of, a perspective view of a pin of the stopper constraining the movement of the hook, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] FIG. 13F illustrates, the second mechanism, of, a front view, of the pin of the stopperconstraining the movement of the hook, of FIG. 13E, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] FIGS. 13G-13I illustrate, the second mechanism of, a schematic representation of the hook moving backward towards position P1, and the stopper operated in the retracted state, as a second half cycle, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] FIGS. 13J-13P illustrate, a third mechanism of, a front view of the hook engaging with a constraining plate of a carriage, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0058] FIGS. 13Q-13S illustrate a front view of a stopper, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0059] FIG. 14 illustrates a front view of a scissor mechanism connected to the securing members, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0060] FIG. 15 illustrates a front view of an elastic member connected to the securing members, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0061] The drawings referred to in this description are not to be understood as being drawn to scale except if specifically noted, and such drawings are only exemplary in nature.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present disclosure can be practiced without these specific details. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.

[0063] Reference in this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The appearances of the phrase “in an embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Moreover, various features are described which may be exhibited by some embodiments and not by others. Similarly, various requirements are described which may be requirements for some embodiments but not for other embodiments.

[0064] Moreover, although the following description contains many specifics for the purposes of illustration, anyone skilled in the art will appreciate that many variations and / or alterations to said details are within the scope of the present disclosure. Similarly, although many of the features of the present disclosure are described in terms of each other, or in conjunction with each other, one skilled in the art will appreciate that many of these features can be provided independently of other features. Accordingly, this description of the present disclosure is set forth without any loss of generality to, and without imposing limitations upon, the present disclosure.

[0065] Various examples of the present disclosure provide a cultivation system designed to manage the entire lifecycle of plant cultivation, from the initial planting phase to harvest. The cultivation system mainly includes one or more sets of securing members to removably secure a variety of plants and one or more apparatuses to move the one or more sets of securing members securing the plants. In one embodiment of the disclosure, the cultivation system is configured as a floating irrigation system. In another embodiment of the disclosure, the cultivation system is configured as a nutrient film technique irrigation system. In each of the embodiments, to efficiently manage the entire lifecycle of the plant cultivation, from planting to harvest, the securing members are positioned in a precisely designed, spaced-apart configuration. In this context, the cultivation system defines a preparation zone and a cultivation zone. The cultivation zone is further divided into a spacing zone and a final zone. The preparation zone, the spacing zone, and the final zone are arranged sequentially. Particularly, the spacing zone is configured to arrange the at least one set of securing members in a progressively spaced-apart configuration. On the other hand, the preparation zone is configured to arrange the at least one set of securing members in a no-spacing configuration. Also, the final zone is configured to arrange the at least one set of securing members in a no-spacing configuration. This positioning of zones ensures a seamless transition and continuous progression of the plant as it moves through each stage of its growth and development.

[0066] Various embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 15.

[0067] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram representation of an exemplary cultivation system 100 related to at least some embodiments of the present disclosure. The cultivation system 100 (also referred to as ‘system 100’) is designed to manage the entire lifecycle of plant cultivation, from the initial planting phase to harvest. The cultivation system 100 mainly includes one or more irrigation pools 102A, 102B, ... , 102N (alternatively referred to as ‘irrigation pools 102A, 102B, ... , 102N’), one or more sets of securing members 104 A, 104B, ... , 104N (alternatively referred to as ‘sets of securing members 104 A, 104B, ... , 104N’) operatively mounted to the one or more irrigation pools102A, 102B, 102N, one or more apparatuses 106 A, 106B, 106N (alternatively referred to as‘apparatuses 106A, 106B, ... , 106N’) configured to move the one or more sets of securing members 104A, 104B, 104N, and one or more sets of hooks 108A, 108B, 108N configured to engage the one or more apparatuses 106A, 106B, ... , 106N to the one or more sets of securing members 104A, 104B, 104N. The irrigation pools 102A, 102B, 102N may be stacked, at least in part, horizontally and vertically, and are configured to accommodate a vegetation fluid 110 associated with the cultivation system 100. Without limiting the scope of the disclosure, the vegetation fluid 110 may be water, mixed with a nutrient solution, or any other suitable fluid. The vegetation fluid 110 supports the growth and nourishment of the vegetation and can be prepared to meet specific requirements based on the type of plants being cultivated. The sets of securing members 104A, 104B, ... , 104N are designed to removably secure a plant 112. The plant 112 (also referred to as ‘plants’ or ‘one or more plants’) is secured in a manner to come in contact with the vegetation fluid 110.

[0068] In the illustrated configuration, the one or more irrigation pools 102A, 102B, ... , 102N, the one or more sets of securing members 104 A, 104B, ... , 104N, the one or more apparatuses 106 A, 106B, ... , 106N, and the one or more sets of hooks 108 A, 108B, ... , 108N collectively form one or more cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N (alternatively referred to as ‘cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N’) of the cultivation system 100. In this regard, in one such design, at least one irrigation pool 102A (also referred to as ‘irrigation pool 102A’), at least one set of securing members 104A (also referred to as ‘securing members 104A’), at least one apparatus 106A (also referred to as ‘apparatus 106A’), and at least one set of hooks 108 A (also referred to as ‘set of hooks 108 A’) collectively form at least one cultivation block 114A (also referred to as ‘cultivation block 114A’) of the cultivation system 100. Like the cultivation block 114A, the cultivation blocks 114B, 114N, and others can also be configured within the cultivation system 100. For the sake of clarity and ease of understanding, as used herein, the term “irrigation pool” (also referred to as an irrigation chamber) is intended to be construed in the broadest reasonable sense to encompass any reservoir, basin, tank, container, or comparable structure configured to collect, store, distribute, or recirculate irrigation water or nutrient solutions, including, without limitation, open or covered pools, chambers, troughs, or functional equivalents, regardless of size, shape, construction material, or configuration.

[0069] The plant (or plants) 112, as used throughout this description, refers to a broad range of vegetation forms at various stages of growth, including seeds, cuttings, young plants, fully mature plants, and those that are ready for harvest. The method outlined in this disclosure allows for cultivating a wide variety of plants, from the initial seed stage to fully mature plants ready for harvest. While lettuce is used as a primary example in the description, the cultivation system 100 is versatileenough to support the cultivation of numerous plant types. This includes but is not limited to, leafy greens, potted plants, soft fruits such as strawberries, vegetables like tomatoes and cucumbers, mushrooms, herbs like basil and mint, and even different types of cut flowers or potted flowers. In addition, the cultivation system 100 can support the growth of crops, such as medicinal plants, sprouts, and microgreens, making it applicable to a variety of agricultural and horticultural needs.

[0070] Further, the one or more cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N may be equipped with one or more lighting units 120A, 120B, ... , 120N (alternatively referred to as ‘lighting units 120A, 120B, ... , 120N’). In an embodiment, the lighting units 120A, 120B, ... , 120N, in conjunction with the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N, can be communicably coupled to a control system 122 of the cultivation system 100. The lighting units 120A, 120B, ... , 120N may support the photosynthesis process, ensuring optimal growth for the plant 112. The lighting units 120A, 120B, ... , 120N are suspended, mounted, or securely fixed above the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N, where they emit the desired and planned lighting amount for the growth of the plant 112. In some configurations, the lighting units 120 A, 120B, ... , 120N can be suspended beneath the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N, while in other configurations, the lighting units 120A, 120B, ... , 120N can be installed on the sides of the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N. This versatility allows light to be directed from the sides of the one or more sets of securing members 104 A, 104B, ... , 104N.

[0071] Without limiting the scope of the disclosure, each lighting unit (i.e., the lighting units 120A, 120B, ... , 120N) is equipped with a specific light recipe, which refers to the precise combination of light spectrums, such as red, blue, green, and other wavelengths, as well as their corresponding intensities. The light recipe can be dynamically adjusted, manually by an operator, or automatically through the control system 122. This flexibility is beneficial for optimizing the growth of the plant 112, as the light can be tailored to the developmental stages of the plant 112. Without limitation, these adjustments can be made via the control system 122, which can be accessed through various interfaces, including mobile apps, computer applications, web-based control panels, or supervisory control and data acquisition (SCAD A) systems.

[0072] In an embodiment, the lighting units 120A, 120B, ... , 120N can be controlled, by the control system 122, in real-time to respond to the needs of the plant 112, with different light recipes required at various growth stages. For example, seedlings may require different light intensities and spectrums compared to mature plants approaching the harvesting stage. This dynamic control of lighting ensures that each plant receives the ideal or planned amount and type of light throughout its life cycle, from seedling to harvesting. In an embodiment, the lighting units 120A, 120B, ... , 120N may be integrated with natural sunlight, particularly when the system 100 is located within a greenhouse. In such cases,the system 100 uses artificial and natural light to create a balanced growing environment. In general, the lighting can maintain a constant light recipe and intensity, rather than having dynamic variations in light intensity and recipe. However, in both situations, the lighting can be dimmable.

[0073] The lights themselves may be mounted to run parallel to the growing direction of the plant 112, ensuring that the light distribution aligns with the orientation of the plant 112. The positioning of the lights may also vary based on the specific needs of the plant 112 at different operating zones of the at least one irrigation pool, such as the irrigation pool 102A. In a specific embodiment, the cultivation block 114A of the cultivation system 100 defines a preparation zone and a cultivation zone (not shown in FIG. 1). The cultivation zone can be further divided into a spacing zone and a final zone (not shown in FIG. 1). For instance, in the preparation zone, the distance between the plant 112 and the lights may be closer to provide more intense lighting. In the spacing zone, the distance between the plant 112 and the lights can be adjusted to suit their evolving light requirements. The flexibility of the lighting units 120A, 120B, ... , 120N extend to controlling the intensity and the spectrum of light. The light intensity may be referred to as the brightness or strength of the light, typically measured in lux or lumens, which varies depending on the distance from the light source and operating zones of the at least one irrigation pool, such as the irrigation pool 102A. At different zones, the plant 112 can require different levels of intensity and spectral composition to thrive, for example, at early growth may benefit from higher blue light for stronger vegetative growth, while the flowering and fruiting stages may need more red light to stimulate blooming and fruit production.

[0074] The control system 122 can regulate and maintain an optimal operation of one or more components of the cultivation system 100, such as but not limited to the irrigation pools 102A, 102B, ... , 102N, the sets of securing members 104A, 104B, ... , 104N, the apparatuses 106A, 106B, ... , 106N, and the like. The control system 122 may semi-automate or fully-automate the system 100, can minimize energy consumption, and provide real-time feedback for monitoring and troubleshooting. The control system 122 also enhances the stability of the cultivation system 100 by preventing extreme fluctuations and can trigger safety measures in case of faults.

[0075] Additionally or alternatively, the efficient operation of one or more components of the cultivation system 100, such as but not limited to the irrigation pools 102A, 102B, ... , 102N, the sets of securing members 104 A, 104B, ... , 104N, the apparatuses 106 A, 106B, ... , 106N, and others, can be managed by the control system 122. This can be done manually using ON / OFF switches, simple or advanced switch boxes, or through sophisticated systems, such as but not limited to supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), distributed control systems (DCS), and human-machine interfaces (HMI). The control system 122 may integrate with PLC-HMI combinations,microcontrollers, smartphones or tablets, computer systems, loT devices, relays, and contactors. For advanced automation, the control system 122 can operate with a programmable automation controller (PAC) or seamlessly integrate with climate control systems to regulate environmental conditions. This flexibility allows for a wide range of control methods, from basic manual operations to complex, automated management of the cultivation system 100.

[0076] In an embodiment, the control system 122 can take the form of either a microprocessor or similar programmable devices. As an example, the control system 122 may be embodied as one or more of various processing devices, such as a coprocessor, a microprocessor, a controller, a digital signal processor (DSP), a processing circuitry with or without an accompanying DSP, or various other processing devices including integrated circuits such as, for example, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a hardware accelerator, a special-purpose computer chip, integrated circuits, or the like. In several embodiments of the disclosure, the control system 122 may be operably connected to a memory unit (not shown in FIG. 1). The memory unit may be a volatile storage memory, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) and Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) of types such as Asynchronous DRAM, Synchronous DRAM, Double Data Rate SDRAM, Rambus DRAM, and Cache DRAM, etc. , or a non-volatile storage memory such as EPROM, EEPROM or flash memory or the like.

[0077] Furthermore, the one or more cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N, combinedly or individually, are equipped with, among other things, one or more heating units 124 A, 124B, ... , 124N (alternatively referred to as ‘heating units 124A, 124B, ... , 124N’), one or more cooling units 126A, 126B, ... , 126N (alternatively referred to as ‘cooling units 126A, 126B, ... , 126N’), one or more ventilation units 128 A, 128B, ... , 128N (alternatively referred to as ‘ventilation units 128A, 128B, ... , 128N’). The heating unit 124A can be configured to supply heat to a fluid surrounding the one or more plants 112.

[0078] In an embodiment, at least one heating unit (e.g., the heating unit 124A) of the heating units 124 A, 124B, ... , 124N is communicably coupled to the control system 122 via a secure and reliable communication interface. This connection allows the control system 122 to actively monitor and manage the operation of the heating units 124A, 124B, ... , 124N in real-time, ensuring precise temperature regulation for optimal growth of the plant 112. The control system 122 outputs various control signals to the heating units 124 A, 124B, ... , 124N, such as activating or deactivating heating elements 124A, 124B, ... , 124N, adjusting the heating power, or changing set temperature levels based on environmental factors such as ambient temperature, CO2 level of the air or humidity levels.Additionally, the control system 122 can receive continuous feedback from the heating units 124A, 124B, 124N, including data on current temperature, system status, and performance metrics, allowing it to make dynamic adjustments to ensure a stable environment within the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N. It is to be noted that the geometrical configurations and design features of the heating units 124 A, 124B, ... , 124N are well-known in the art, and therefore not extensively discussed here for the sake of brevity.

[0079] Further, at least one cooling unit (e.g., the cooling unit 126A) of the cooling units 126A, 126B, ... , 126N is communi cab ly coupled to the control system 122 via a secure and reliable communication interface. The cooling unit 126A is configured to cool the fluid surrounding the one or more plants 112. This communication link allows the control system 122 to effectively manage the operation of the cooling units 126A, 126B, ... , 126N, ensuring that temperature regulation within the cultivation environment of the cultivation blocks 114 A, 114B, ... , 114N is optimized for the growth of the plant 112. Upon receiving real-time data from the cooling units 126A, 126B, ... , 126N, the control system 122 can make timely adjustments, enhancing the efficiency and stability of the system 100. The cooling unit 126 A and the heating unit 124 A may be integrated into a single unit, such as an air conditioning (A / C) system. This integrated unit is configured to deliver either heating or cooling to the cultivation system 100, depending on the specific requirements.

[0080] Furthermore, at least one ventilation unit (e.g., the ventilation unit 128A) of the ventilation units 128A, 128B, ... , 128N is communicably coupled to the control system 122 via a secure and reliable communication interface. This connection enables the control system 122 to efficiently monitor and manage the operation of the ventilation units 128A, 128B, ... , 128N, ensuring optimal or planned airflow and air circulation throughout the cultivation environment of the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N. Desired ventilation is beneficial in maintaining the ideal growing conditions for the plant 112, as it helps to regulate or homogenize temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, promoting healthy plant 112 growth. Through this communication link, the control system 122 can receive real-time data from the ventilation units 128A, 128B, ... , 128N, such as airflow rates, operational status, and environmental feedback, which allows for precise adjustments. The control system 122 can activate or deactivate ventilation units 128A, 128B, ... , 128N or adjust airflow levels dynamically to respond to changes in temperature, humidity, or CO2 concentration. Additionally, the communication interface supports energy efficiency by ensuring ventilation is only applied where and when needed, preventing unnecessary energy consumption while maintaining optimal environmental conditions for the plant 112. This feature also enables remote monitoring and control, allowing operators to adjust settings and receive alerts on system performance, ensuring thecultivation environment remains stable and conducive to the health of the plant 112.

[0081] In addition to the previously mentioned units, the cultivation system 100 may also include various other units, such as but not limited to CO2 dosing units (not shown in FIG. 1), airflow sources (not shown in FIG. 1), cooling and heating systems, an electric system, a climate control system (not shown in FIG. 1), and other environmental control mechanisms, all of which are communi cably connected to the control system 122. Without limiting the scope of the disclosure, the various components of the cultivation system 100 operate in a controlled agriculture environment (CAE). The electric system may associate with various components of the cultivation system 100, such as but not limited to the control system 122 and the one or more lighting units 120A, 120B, ... , 120N to perform the desired functionality. Further, the climate control system is designed to regulate the essential factors that optimize plant production 112. Through a computer, mobile application, or web-based control system, the operator can manage vital parameters such as the movement of the securing members 104 A, operation of the heating unit 124A, cooling unit 126A, CO2 concentration, light intensity, humidity levels, and more. The climate control system provides the operator with the flexibility to monitor and adjust these critical environmental factors in real time, ensuring an ideal growth environment for the plants. These additional units play an integral role in maintaining the optimal growing conditions required for the plants 112 in a cultivation setup of the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N of the system 100.

[0082] The CO2 dosing units, not depicted, are responsible for regulating the levels of CO2 in the growing environment, a critical factor for photosynthesis. The control system 122 communicates with these CO2 dosing units to monitor and adjust CO2 concentrations based on real-time data from environmental sensors. By maintaining ideal CO2 levels, the system 100 promotes efficient plant growth and maximizes its yields. The control system 122 can precisely control when to release CO2, ensuring it is administered when necessary, such as during peak photosynthesis periods, thus optimizing both plant health and energy usage.

[0083] The airflow sources, not depicted, which may include fans or air circulators, are also communi cably linked to the control system 122. The fans or air circulators are beneficial for ensuring adequate air circulation throughout the cultivation system 100, preventing the buildup of stale air, and promoting uniform temperature and humidity levels. The control system 122 can adjust the operation of these airflow sources based on real-time feedback, such as temperature and humidity fluctuations. For example, during periods of high heat or humidity, the control system 122 may increase airflow to enhance cooling and prevent conditions that could lead to less yield, mold, or other plant health issues.

[0084] A person skilled in the art would appreciate that any of the heating unit 124 A, the coolingunit 126A, the ventilation unit 128A, the lighting unit 120 A, the CO2 dosing unit, and the climate control system can be omitted from the cultivation system 100, depending on the specific setup and environmental conditions where the cultivation system 100 is located. For instance, if the cultivation system 100 is situated within a greenhouse, the lighting unit 120A may not be necessary. Similarly, other units, such as the heating unit 124 A or the cooling unit 126A may be adjusted or omitted based on the ambient climate, further optimizing the energy usage and operational efficiency of the cultivation system 100. This flexibility of the system 100 allows it to be tailored to various environments and cultivation needs.

[0085] Additionally, each of the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ..., 114N can be equipped with a variety of sensors to monitor key environmental parameters, such as but not limited to temperature, humidity, plant movement, CO2 levels, water quality, water level, etc. For example, a temperature sensor (e.g., thermocouple, infrared sensor, etc.) can be used to measure the temperature within the cultivation block 114A, while a humidity sensor (e.g., capacitive humidity sensor, resistive humidity sensor, etc.) can monitor the moisture levels in the air circulated within the cultivation system 100. To detect the plant movement, without limitation, an accelerometer or a vibration sensor may be employed, enabling real-time tracking of the plant 112 responses to environmental changes. Additionally, a CO2 sensor can be associated with the cultivation system 100 to measure the concentration of CO2 in the air, ensuring optimal levels for the growth of the plant 112. These sensors may be functioned together to provide comprehensive environmental monitoring, allowing for precise adjustments to be made to improve the health of the plant 112, optimize growth conditions, and enhance the overall efficiency of the cultivation system 100.

[0086] Furthermore, each of the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ..., 114N may be equipped with a camera (not shown in FIG. 1) and / or image capturing sensors to monitor the growth of the plants 112. The camera can capture detailed visual data, enabling real-time observation of the health and growth of the plant 112. In addition, drones (not shown in FIG. 1) equipped with cameras and other necessary sensors can be deployed to monitor growth of the plant 112 from an aerial perspective. The drones can provide high-resolution images and videos, allowing for efficient assessment of the entire cultivation area.

[0087] Moreover, the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ..., 114N, either individually or as part of a collective system, are equipped with a robotic unit 130. In one embodiment, the robotic unit 130 is communi cably connected to the control system 122, allowing for seamless coordination and management. The robotic unit 130 is designed to perform a variety of operations within the cultivation system 100, significantly enhancing automation and operational efficiency. For instance, the roboticunit 130 can be programmed to secure the plant 112 in the set of securing members 104 A, ensuring stable placement for optimal growth of the plant 112. Additionally, the robotic unit 130 can be utilized to remove the plant 112 from the set of securing members 104A when required for harvesting or other operational needs. This capability streamlines workflow and reduces the need for manual labor, contributing to a more efficient and sustainable cultivation process. The robotic unit 130 can also be responsible for placing or adjusting the sets of securing members 104A, 104B, ..., 104N themselves, ensuring that they are properly positioned to support the plant 112 throughout their growth cycle. In addition to these functions, the robotic unit 130 may be designed to engage and disengage the apparatuses 106A, 106B, ..., 106N with the sets of securing members 104 A, 104B, ..., 104N.

[0088] The robotic unit 130 can be controlled in different ways, depending on the specific needs of the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N of the cultivation system 100. The robotic unit 130 can be operated manually, where an operator directly controls the robot’s movements via a user interface, allowing for precise interventions when necessary. In a more semi-automated setup, the robotic unit 130 can be programmed to perform certain tasks autonomously and automatically while allowing the operator to step in when manual control is needed. Alternatively, the robotic unit 130 can be fully automated, with the control system 122 managing its operations based on predefined parameters or real-time data from sensors within the system 100. This full automation allows the system 100 to run with minimal human intervention, improving efficiency and reducing the potential for errors.

[0089] In the illustrated example, the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N are arranged vertically, with two distinct towers 116 and 118. The towers 116 and 118 are structured as racks, which provide organized space for the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N to be securely positioned, ensuring efficient use of space and optimal access for maintenance or monitoring. The vertical stacking arrangement of the cultivation system 100 allows for better space utilization, particularly in environments with limited floor area, while also ensuring that each irrigation pool 102A, 102B, ... , 102N (if the irrigation system requires irrigation pool) is properly positioned for distribution of the vegetation fluid 110 (e.g., water, nutrient solution, etc.) and growth of the plant 112. The towers 116 and 118 may be designed with adjustable shelving, providing flexibility to accommodate different sizes of cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N, or specialized configurations for various developing stages of the plant 112. Furthermore, without deviating from the scope of the disclosure, the stacked cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N could be integrated with automated fluid circulation or delivery mechanisms, allowing for precise control over the amount of vegetation fluid 110 in each chamber (i.e., the irrigation pools 102A, 102B, ... , 102N) or in each securing member 104A (when the irrigation system is Nutrient Film Technique NFT) receives. Inother example representations, the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, 114N can be arranged vertically, with only one vertical stack (i.e., the tower 116 or the tower 118) or more than two distinct vertical stacks. For the sake of clarity and ease of understanding, as used herein, the term “tower” (also referred to as a vertical growing structure, vertical stack, or vertical cultivation module) is intended to be construed in the broadest reasonable sense to encompass any generally upright or vertically arranged assembly configured to support or facilitate plant cultivation.

[0090] In another configuration, not depicted, the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N can be arranged only in a horizontal stacking layout, where they are placed side by side to optimize floor space while maintaining easy access for maintenance and operation. This could also help the cultivation system 100 to receive sunlight, for instance, if it is built inside a greenhouse.

[0091] In yet another configuration, not depicted, the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N can be stacked in both horizontal and vertical configurations, offering a dual approach that maximizes the use of both horizontal floor space and vertical height. This dual stacking configuration allows for more efficient use of available space, particularly in environments where height constraints are not an issue. The vertical stacking component can increase the overall capacity of the system 100, enabling more cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N to be added without requiring a larger footprint. Without limiting the scope, the horizontal alignment of the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ... , 114N within each vertical stack can further optimize accessibility, airflow, and fluid circulation across the system 100.

[0092] The cultivation system 100 may be designed to grow high-density plant 112 in controlled environment which could include a part or all the related internal equipment and systems. These environments include, but are not limited to, greenhouses, tunnels, vertical farms, garden centers, growing rooms, containers (such as shipping containers), warehouses, buildings, and trucks. The cultivation system 100 offers flexibility beyond traditional controlled settings, as it can also be implemented in open areas where natural environmental factors are relied upon. In such settings, without limiting the scope of the disclosure, the need for artificial lighting or other climate control systems can be eliminated. The open area may be any unenclosed or unregulated space where environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, and light are not artificially controlled. For instance, the plant 112 grown in an open field may be cultivated in such an environment, where natural conditions are utilized to support growth. In this context, the irrigation system remains a hydroponic cultivation-based method.

[0093] This versatility enables the cultivation system 100 to be deployed in a wide range of locations, from highly controlled indoor environments to outdoor or open-field settings. It allows foroptimized growth of the plant 112 in diverse climates, reducing dependency on traditional agricultural practices while enhancing resource efficiency. Whether for urban farming, indoor vertical farming, greenhouse farming, or large-scale agricultural projects, the cultivation system 100 adapts to meet the specific requirements of different environments and growing conditions. This flexibility helps to address space limitations, resource constraints, and the growing need for sustainable farming practices worldwide.

[0094] A person skilled in the art would appreciate that the system 100 can vary in size, ranging from compact setups to large-scale setups. For example, the cultivation system 100 including a small- scale unit, such as the cultivation block 114A, could occupy just one meter by one meter of space, fitting easily within a room or a small greenhouse as a single-layer system. On the other hand, the system 100 including larger cultivation blocks (e.g., the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ..., 114N) can be significantly larger. A large-scale unit, for instance, may be formed 8 meters in width and twenty meters in length. These units, either small or large, can also stack vertically, with each unit stacked vertically. These blocks (i.e., the cultivation blocks 114A, 114B, ..., 114N) can be arranged in multiple levels, forming a stack of the cultivation system 100, with up to fifty or hundreds of such stacks organized within a warehouse or agricultural facility. This modular stacking design, shaping a vertical farm, allows for efficient use of vertical space, maximizing the growing area within a fixed footprint, and making it suitable for both urban and industrial-scale agricultural production.

[0095] Furthermore, it is to be noted that the cultivation system 100 of the present embodiment is a hydroponic system, where the plant 112 grows in the vegetation fluid 110 (e.g., nutrient-rich water solution) without the use of soil. The hydroponic irrigation system 100 can form various forms, such as floating system, NFT system, aeroponics, aquaponics, and other forms. These variations allow for flexibility in the cultivation approach, depending on the specific requirements of the plant 112 being grown, available resources, and environmental conditions.

[0096] The following sections describe the geometrical configurations, design aspects, and features of the cultivation system 100 with reference to the cultivation block 114A. These descriptions are also applicable to one or more of the cultivation blocks 114B, ... , 114N, ensuring consistency throughout the entire cultivation system 100.

[0097] FIG. 2A illustrates a perspective view of at least a part of the cultivation block 114A, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2B illustrates a top view of at least the part of the cultivation block 114 A, of FIG. 2A, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2C illustrates a perspective view of at least the part of the cultivation block 114A, without a covering member 202 of the apparatus 106A, of FIG. 2A, in accordance with oneembodiment of the present disclosure. Additionally, FIG. 2D illustrates a front view of at least a part of the cultivation block 114A, without the covering member 202, of FIG. 2C, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. The cultivation system 100 of the depicted embodiment is configured as a floating securing member system (alternatively referred to as ‘mobile floating gutter system (MFGS)’). The MFGS is engineered to streamline the planting, cultivation, transportation, harvesting, and maintenance of the plant 112, starting from the seed or young stage and continuing until harvest. The MFGS can effectively maximize plant growth and efficiency by optimizing various stages of the cultivation process. The MFGS can achieve the highest possible Leaf Area Index (LAI). This is facilitated by the ‘limitless spacing’ process, which offers the flexibility to adjust the spacing of the plant 112 according to specific growth requirements. Herein, the ‘limitless spacing’ refers to the ability to have an extremely large number of spacing. Moreover, the MFGS supports a high plant density and offers several other benefits, such as improved resource management (e.g., water or nutrients), reduced labor costs, and the ability to scale up production along the horizontal direction. These features make the MFGS a highly efficient and sustainable solution for large-scale, high-density agriculture, capable of achieving superior crop yields in various environments.

[0098] In the present embodiment, the securing members 104A are positioned in a manner that is substantially parallel to the ground surface. This alignment ensures that the securing members 104A maintain a consistent and stable orientation relative to the ground, providing optimal support for the cultivation block 114 A. By being parallel to the ground surface, the securing members 104A help the uniform weight distribution of the apparatus 106 A, enhancing the stability and functionality of the cultivation block 114 A. Additionally, this configuration can assist in minimizing any potential tilting or misalignment, ensuring that the components remain properly positioned throughout operation.

[0099] To efficiently manage the entire lifecycle of the plant cultivation, from planting to harvest, the securing members 104A are positioned in a precisely designed, spaced-apart configuration. In this context, the cultivation block 114A of the cultivation system 100 defines the preparation zone 204 A and the cultivation zone 205. The cultivation zone 205 can be further divided into the spacing zone 204B and the final zone 204C. In a specific embodiment, the preparation zone 204A, the spacing zone 204B, and the final zone 204C are arranged sequentially along a direction R of the irrigation pool 102A. In other words, the spacing zone 204B, serving as an intermediate zone, is located between the preparation zone 204A and the final zone 204C. On the other hand, the preparation zone 204A and the final zone 204C may serve as non-spacing zones. This positioning of zones ensures a seamless transition and continuous progression of the plant 112 as it moves through each stage of its growth and development.

[0100] The apparatus 106A, designed to generate limitless spacing, is responsible for transporting the securing members 104A from a start point 208A (alternatively referred to as ‘point A’) of the preparation zone 204A to an end point 208C (alternatively referred to as ‘point C’) of the final zone 204C. Such design of the apparatus 106A allows for numerous and even limitless precise, controlled movement of the securing members 104A in the direction R, ensuring accurate separation distances between them throughout the entire cultivation process. In essence, the cultivation system 100 maximizes production per square meter by providing precise and limitless spacing, allowing for a high number of evenly spaced securing members 104 A.

[0101] The term ‘spacing process’ or ‘spacing’ refers to a process of arranging the plants 112 (or the plants 112 secured to the securing members 104 A) at specific distances from each other within the cultivation area during the cultivation process. The spacing is primarily designed to maximize production per square meter. The spacing occurs when the securing members 104A are moved forward, in the direction R, within the cultivation system 100 (e.g., MFGS). The need for spacing arises as the plants grow, causing their leaves and overall size to increase. As a result, more space is required between the plants 112, and therefore the spacing between the securing members 104 A should be adjusted accordingly.

[0102] In a specific embodiment, the cultivation zone 205, located between a start point 208B (alternatively referred to as ‘point B’) of the spacing zone 204B and the end point 208C of the final zone 204C (i.e., point C), is mainly configured to maximize production per square meter. To achieve this, the securing members 104A are moved along the direction R, which allows for increased spacing between them. As the plant 112 grows, both its leaves and the overall size increase. This natural growth process creates a need for more space between the plants 112 to ensure that each one has sufficient room to develop properly. As a result, the spacing between the securing members 104A should be increased to accommodate the larger size of the plants 112.

[0103] The apparatus 106A further includes a first track 206A and a second track 206B. Each of the first track 206A and the second track 206B extends, at least partially, across the securing members 104A (specifically along the direction R) and is adapted to provide a guide path for chains (not shown in FIGS. 2A-2D). By systematically adjusting the distance between the first track 206A (alternatively referred to as ‘track A’) and the second track 206B (alternatively referred to as ‘track B’) of the apparatus 106A, space utilization of the securing members 104A is optimized and growth of each plant 112 is enhanced, leading to higher plant density and therefore to higher yields.

[0104] The design of the track A and the track B enables unlimited spacing and offers limitless patterns, allowing for a wide range of spacing configurations. Specifically, the design of the track Aand the track B provides the flexibility to control securing member advancement, movement speed, and the spacing between the securing members 104A at each stage of the cultivation process, offering customized solutions for different cultivation needs. This arrangement optimizes the management of resources and enhances the overall efficiency of the cultivation system 100, supporting the various phases of plant growth, from early planting to final harvest.

[0105] FIG. 2E shows a schematic representation of the size of the plant 112 in the preparation zone 204A, the spacing zone 204B, and the final zone 204C of the cultivation block 114A, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2F shows a schematic representation of the size of the plant 112 at the start point 208 A (i.e., point A) of the preparation zone 204A and at the end point 208C (i.e., point C) of the final zone 204C, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. Additionally, FIG. 2G illustrates the positioning of the securing member 104A at the start point 208 A (i.e., point A) of the preparation zone 204 A, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2H illustrates the positioning of the securing member 104A at the start point 208B of the spacing zone 204B (i.e., point B), in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 21 illustrates the positioning of the securing member 104A atthe end point 208C (i.e., point C) of the final zone 204C, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0106] The preparation zone 204 A, located between the point A and the point B, lies in a first portion 210A of the apparatus 106A. Herein, the first portion 210A is a portion of the apparatus 106 A corresponding to the preparation zone 204A. In the first portion 210A, without limiting the scope of the disclosure, the track A and the track B may be arranged parallel, resulting no spacing in the preparation zone 204A. The point A serves as a starting point for the securing members 104A to initiate its movement in the direction R. At this point, the young plants can be secured in the securing members 104A by the operator or the robotic unit 130. The precise positioning of the securing members 104A within the preparation zone 204A is important for providing robust support to the plant 112. This careful alignment enhances the growth of plant 112, promoting healthier growth by maintaining optimal spacing between each plant 112. By ensuring that the plant 112 remains consistently spaced, the system 100 fosters an environment conducive to uniform growth. This consistency allows for better management of the spatial requirements of the plant 112 and encourages even distribution of nutrients, light, and air circulation. Moreover, the strategic design aids in preventing overcrowding, ensuring each plant 112 has an optimum space to develop its roots and foliage. The layout of the securing members 104A can maximize the use of space within the irrigation pool 102A, creating a balanced, efficient environment where structural integrity is preserved throughout the entire cultivation cycle.

[0107] It should be noted that the preparation zone 204A can be relatively small in scale. For example, not depicted, the preparation zone 204A may contain only a single securing member. In contrast, in another example, not depicted, the number of securing members 104A in other zones, such as the spacing zone 204B, can be much higher, potentially reaching fifty or more. In such cases, the operator (i.e., the user) has the flexibility to increase the number of securing members 104 A in the preparation zone 204A as needed.

[0108] Alternatively, depending on the specific requirements or design preferences, the preparation zone 204 A could be entirely omitted from the cultivation block 114A. If the preparation zone 204 A is excluded, the process may begin directly with the spacing zone 204B. In this scenario, the operator would place the young plant 112 directly onto the securing members 104 A within the spacing zone 204B. As a result, the spacing between the securing members 104A would begin immediately. This design adjustment allows for a more streamlined setup, where the cultivation process starts, optimizing the design for specific operational needs or space constraints.

[0109] The ability to adjust or remove the preparation zone 204A offers greater flexibility in accommodating different plant types or growth requirements. Whether the preparation zone 204A is included or not, the cultivation block 114A ensures that each plant 112 receives the appropriate support and spacing as it progresses through its growth stages, starting from the beginning or after an initial setup phase. This adaptability is crucial for efficiently managing space and resources within the cultivation system 100, while also allowing for customization based on the unique needs of the plants 112 or the cultivation process.

[0110] The spacing zone 204B, located between the point B and a point D (an end point 208D of the spacing zone 204B), lies in a second portion 210B of the apparatus 106 A. This zone serves as the primary cultivation area for the plants 112, where they progress into more advanced stages of growth. Herein, the second portion 210B is a portion of the apparatus 106A corresponding to the spacing zone 204B. The point B serves as the start point for the securing members 104A to enter the spacing zone 204B, while the point D marks the end point for the movement of the securing members 104A within the spacing zone 204B. The spacing can gradually increase from the point B to the point D in the direction R, (the spacing between the securing members increases from the point B to the point D) providing wider spacing as the plants 112 grow. This gradual increase in spacing is essential for supporting the natural growth patterns of the plant 112. As the plant 112 develops, it requires more room for its roots to expand and its foliage to grow, making the larger spacing in the spacing zone 204B essential. The design ensures that the plant 112 receives adequate space for its increasing size while allowing for proper light distribution, nutrient absorption, air circulation, and other factors. Thissetup optimizes the conditions for healthy, sustained growth at each stage of the lifecycle of the plant 112. Additionally, the progressive spacing contributes to the overall efficiency, flexibility, and higher yield of the cultivation block 114A. By adjusting the arrangement of the securing members 104A to accommodate the changing needs of the plant 112, this configuration allows for optimal use of space within the irrigation pool 102A and in general, the cultivation process.

[0111] In an embodiment, the spacing zone 204B may be configured with multiple sub-zones, one of which is Zone J. In this specific zone, the spacing between the securing members 104A are fixed and remain constant, as the track A and the track B are parallel. This design could help in maintaining uniformity in the plant arrangement, allowing for efficient use of space and resources, for a specific requirement of a project. Other sub-zones within the spacing zone 204B may feature adjustable spacing between the securing members 104A to accommodate different stages of plant growth or specific cultivation needs. In addition, the slope between the track A and the track B in each subzone can vary, which results in different patterns and speeds of the spacing processes. The flexibility of the spacing zone 204B configuration enables customization to suit various crop types and growing conditions, enhancing overall system performance.

[0112] The final zone 204C, located between the point D and the point C, serves as the harvest zone for the plant 112 and is situated in a third portion 210C of the apparatus 106A. In the third portion 210C, no spacing is provided between the track A and the track B. In other words, the track A and the track B may overlap in this non-spacing zone. It should be noted that the track A and the track B may not be overlapped (not shown in the FIGS. 2A-2I), but in this case they are parallel to each other and indeed the spacing does not happen in this zone. It should be noted that, in a non-limiting example, the final zone 204C, which can serve as the harvest zone, can be small, potentially containing only a single securing member. Alternatively, not shown, the final zone 204C can accommodate a larger number of securing members 104A, with some designs featuring as many as fifty securing members, for instance. The specific design of the final zone 204C can vary, based on user needs or design specifications. In some cases, the final zone 204C may even be omitted entirely from the cultivation block 114A.

[0113] In a scenario, if the final zone 204C is not included, it can be understood that the plant 112 would reach its harvesting position directly at the end of the spacing zone 204B. In this setup, the plant 112 will be allowed to mature fully within the confines of the spacing zone 204B, eliminating the need for a separate harvest zone. This design option may be preferable in scenarios where space is limited or where a more streamlined cultivation process is desired. It shall be mentioned that maturity at the final zone 204C (i.e., harvest zone) or at the end of the spacing zone 204B, does notmean that the plant 112 reaches its (physical) maturity and will not grow any more. Rather it indicated that the plant 112 reaches the desired size as we planned. Therefore, for instance, we may plan to have a lettuce at the harvesting point 150 grams, or in other plans it can have head lettuce with the weight of 200 or 250 grams.

[0114] A person skilled in the art would appreciate that the absence of the final zone 204C does not compromise the effectiveness of the cultivation block 114A, rather, it allows for a more compact arrangement and flexibility in the design of the cultivation system 100. The plants 112 can still reach full maturity and be harvested in optimal conditions by utilizing the space and support provided by the spacing zone 204B. This flexibility in design allows for greater customization, catering to different operational preferences, user requirements, and the specific needs of the plant 112 being cultivated.

[0115] In a specific embodiment, the securing members 104A, located within the preparation zone 204A, is positioned at a first substantially uniform height Hl within the irrigation pool 102A. the height Hl can be constant and fixed throughout the cultivation process. However, the height of the irrigation pool 102A can differ throughout the cultivation process. For instance, height Hl serves as the base level for the early stages of plant development. Further, the securing members 104 A, situated in the final zone 204C, which acts as the harvest zone for the plant 112, positioned at a higher, third substantially uniform height H3, which is greater than the first substantially uniform height Hl. This elevation accommodates the growth of the plants 112 as they mature, allowing for more space as they reach their final growth stage. Furthermore, the securing members 104A, located within the spacing zone 204B, which serves as the harvest zone for the plant 112, is positioned at a second variable height H2. This height H2 transitions smoothly from the first substantially uniform height Hl to the third substantially uniform height H3, allowing the cultivation block 114A to adapt to the changing growth of the plants 112 as they move from the preparation zone 204A to the final zone 204C. In another embodiment, without deviating from the scope of the disclosure, the height of the irrigation pool 102A may be uniform in each of the preparation zone 204A, the spacing zone 204B, and the final zone 204C.

[0116] FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of the irrigation pool 102A, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. The irrigation pool 102A is designed to accommodate the vegetation fluid 110 to fluidically connect the plant 112 secured to the set of securing members 104 A. An irrigation system supplies the vegetation fluid 110 to the irrigation pool 102A. The irrigation pool 102A is constructed with at least one inlet 302 to receive the vegetation fluid 110 (e.g., water and nutrient) and at least one outlet 304 to discharge the vegetation fluid 110. The irrigation system delivers the vegetation fluid 110 to the irrigation pool 102A through the inlet 302 and later dischargesfrom the outlet 304. The cultivation fluid 110, which may include water or a nutrient solution, is supplied to nourish the plants 112. Nutrients (fertilizers) are added to the water in the irrigation system to provide the necessary nutrients for the growth of the plant 112.

[0117] The irrigation system is designed to serve various functions, including supplying the vegetation fluid 110 (e.g., water enriched with required nutrients) into the irrigation pool 102A. The control system 122 of the irrigation system, or the cultivation block 114A, controls critical factors such as water capacity, nutrient levels, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and the other operating parameters of the vegetation fluid 110 to have effective irrigation system. In addition, the irrigation system is responsible for collecting, disinfecting, and recirculating the vegetation fluid 110 that discharges from the irrigation pool 102A through the at least one outlet 304. This continuous process ensures that the vegetation fluid 110 remains free from contaminants and maintains optimal quality for the plant 112.

[0118] In an embodiment, the irrigation system constantly monitors and adjusts fluid parameters of the vegetation fluid 110, such as but not limited to nutrient concentration, pH content, and density, to facilitate an ideal environment for growth of the plant 112. By maintaining precise control over these factors, the vegetation fluid 110 facilitates efficient nutrient uptake, supports healthy plant development, and maximizes growth potential. This controlled water and nutrient management helps optimize the cultivation process, ensuring higher yields and improved quality of plant 112. Through this ongoing regulation, the irrigation system plays a critical role in promoting a sustainable, high- performance cultivation environment.

[0119] The irrigation system can consist of one or a combination of various irrigation systems, including but not limited to floating systems, drip systems, flood and drain, nutrient film technique (NFT), aeroponics, wick systems, deep water culture (DWC), continuous flow (open channel), capillary mat systems, and gravity-fed systems. Each of these systems offers distinct advantages depending on the specific needs of the plants 112 and the design of the cultivation block 114 A. The irrigation system of the depicted embodiment (shown in FIGS. 1 to 9E) is configured as the floating irrigation system. Without departing from the scope of the disclosure, the irrigation system can also be configured as a Deep Water Culture (DWC). For instance, floating systems maintain plant roots in a nutrient-rich water bath. Flood and drain systems periodically submerge plant roots in water before draining, providing both oxygen and nutrients. NFT relies on a thin film of nutrient solution flowing over plant roots, ensuring continuous nourishment. Aeroponics, on the other hand, suspends plant roots in the air and mists them with a nutrient solution. Wick systems use capillary action to move water from a reservoir to the plants 112, while DWC keeps plant roots submerged in water which canbe oxygenated water. Continuous flow and open channel irrigation systems ensure a steady stream of nutrient-rich water, while capillary mat systems and gravity-fed systems leverage gravity to move water and nutrients to the plants 112. By utilizing one or more of these irrigation techniques, the irrigation system can effectively manage water distribution, nutrient delivery, and plays an important role in overall plant health, ensuring optimal growth conditions throughout the cultivation process.

[0120] The design of the irrigation pool 102A, configured as a chamber, can vary depending on several factors, including the configuration of the securing members 104A, the type of plant 112 being cultivated, its growth rate, total cultivation time, and the other related factors. Based on these variables, the irrigation pool 102A can take on different shapes, such as square, rectangular, or other customized forms, with dimensions that are tailored to meet the specific needs of the cultivation block 114A. In the depicted configuration, the irrigation pool 102A is configured with a rectangular shape. The size and shape of the irrigation pool 102A can be adjusted and optimized to ensure the best possible environment for plant growth, taking into account the nature of the plant 112, its development speed, and other growth and operational factors. This flexibility allows for efficient space utilization and provides the necessary conditions for optimal plant health and productivity, enhancing the overall effectiveness and yield capacity of the cultivation process. The geometric configuration of the height of the irrigation pool 102A has been discussed previously and therefore is not repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0121] In a certain embodiment, the irrigation pool 102A may be covered by one or more plates, films or sheets (not shown in FIG. 3) positioned above the securing members and between the plants to reduce or block light from entering the irrigation pool 102 A. The plates, films or sheets may be made from various materials, including, but not limited to, those used for the securing members, such as polymeric or metallic materials. These plates or sheets are configured to minimize or prevent any adverse effects on the crop cultivation process.

[0122] FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate a perspective view of at least one securing member 402 (also referred to as ‘securing member 402’) of the set of securing members 104A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4D illustrates a top view, of the securing member 402, of FIG. 4B, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The securing member 402, designed as a securing member or any other suitable securing mechanism, defines a plurality of holes 404A, 404B, ... , 404N (also referred to as ‘holes 404A, 404B, ... , 404N’) along a top wall 406 thereof, spaced at predetermined distances along its length. The plurality of holes 404A, 404B, ... , 404N is designed to secure the plant 112 in place. Essentially, the securing member 402 ensures that young plant plugs or plants, in general, remain firmly held as they grow from seedlings or young plant into fully maturecrops ready for harvest. The securing member 402, in practice, serves as a carrier for the plant 112, enabling its transport by the apparatus 106A along the direction R.

[0123] The securing member 402 of the depicted embodiment may be designed to float on the vegetation fluid 110 within the irrigation pool 102A, allowing for efficient movement from the point A to the point C. The securing member 402, , may be specifically designed to occupy the minimum amount of floor space while still floating. Alternatively, the design could allow the securing member 402 to partially float, with the hook (not shown in FIGS. 4A-4C) assisting in keeping it afloat on the vegetation fluid 110. The securing member 402 can either float entirely on the fluid or float partially. In such a case, the additional support or force is required to maintain its flotation. In such instances, the hook or through other methods and mechanism helps to ensure the securing member 402 remains fully buoyant or, more generally, ensures the securing member 402 can stay above the water.

[0124] In general, the number of holes 404 A, 404B, ... , 404N in each securing member 402, as well as their size, spacing, and shape, can vary according to specific design requirements. The configuration of the holes 404A, 404B, ... , 404N is flexible and can be tailored to accommodate different plant types, with different growth stages, and cultivation needs. Adjustments in the number of holes 404 A, 404B, ... , 404N, their dimensions, shapes, and their arrangement allow for suitable or optimized plant placement, airflow, and nutrient distribution, ensuring the securing member 402 can support various planting densities and promote healthy plant growth. This flexibility enables customization of the securing member 402 design to suit a wide range of agricultural applications.

[0125] Further, the number of holes 404A, 404B, ... , 404N in each securing member 402 can vary significantly, ranging from just one to as many as hundred or more holes, depending on the design requirements. The decision on the number of holes 404A, 404B, ... , 404N, as well as their size and shape, is influenced by several factors. These include but not limited to the size of the plants 112 throughout the cultivation process, the final size of the plants 112 at harvest, the required LAI, the length of the 404A, 404B, ... , 404N, the type of plant 112 being grown, the media used for cultivation, the chosen irrigation system, and the specific cultivation method employed. The variety of the plant 112 also plays a role in determining the optimal hole configuration. This flexibility in design allows the securing member 402 to be customized to meet the specific needs of different crops and growing conditions, ensuring efficient use of space, and resources, and maximizing health and yield of the plant 112.

[0126] The holes 404A, 404B, ... , 404N in the securing member 402 can be designed in a variety of shapes, including but not limited to circular, oval, square, rectangular, triangular, hexagonal, or other custom shapes. The prime consideration in designing these holes 404A, 404B, ... , 404N is theirfunctionality, as they must effectively accommodate and securely hold the plant 112. The shape and size of the holes 404 A, 404B, ... , 404N are optimized to ensure that the plant 112 is securely anchored, providing stability throughout the growth process while allowing for proper root development, nutrient absorption, and airflow. The design of the holes 404A, 404B, ... , 404N can be customized to meet the specific requirements, such as different plant types, growth stages, and cultivation techniques.

[0127] As shown in FIG. 4C, the securing member 402 is equipped with a plurality of constraining walls 408 that extend downward from the top wall 406, aligning with the holes 404A, 404B, ... , 404N. The plurality of constraining walls 408 could provide extra protection for the plants 112. The plurality of constraining walls 408 can be positioned on one side or both sides of the holes 404A, 404B, ... , 404N, depending on the design of the securing member 402. The plurality of constraining walls 408 is specifically designed to, for instance, help the roots of each plant 112 secured in the holes, preventing them from spreading excessively. Additionally, the plurality of constraining walls 408 function as shields, blocking light from reaching the roots of the plants 112, which can help to create the ideal growing conditions for the plants 112. The design and the size of the walls 408 and how they are attached to a main body securing member 402 can vary, depending on each project specifications.

[0128] Referring FIGS. 4A to 4D, the securing member 402 can take any shape, depending upon the capability of floating and effectively carrying the plant 112 in the desired direction. The securing member 402 is designed with floating components, such as a plate (not shown) beneath thereto, which facilitate it to stay afloat. The dimensions of the securing member 402 can vary based on design requirements. For example, the width of the securing member 402 can range from 1 centimeter (cm) to 50 cm, while the height of the securing member 402 can range from 0.1 cm to, for instance, 20 cm. The length can vary from 0.5 meters (m) to, for instance, 30 m. In this specific example, the securing member 402 has a width of 10 cm, a height of 5 cm, and a length of 200 cm. The thickness of the materials used to construct the securing member 402 can vary depending on factors, such as the material type, dimensions, crop type, and project specifications. Additionally, the number of holes 404 in the securing member 402 can also vary, ranging from 1 to as many as 100 holes in each securing member. This flexibility in design allows the securing member 402 to be tailored to suit different cultivation needs and design specifications.

[0129] In one embodiment, the buoyancy (ability to float) of the securing member 402 can be achieved by designing the securing member 402 airtight. This airtight design of the securing member 402 helps to maintain the flotation of the securing member 402. Alternatively, the securing member 402 may float on the vegetation fluid 110 due to the choice of materials, such as but not limited toStyrofoam foam, which is lighter than the vegetation fluid 110. The lightweight nature of Styrofoam foam or other materials allows the securing member 402 to remain buoyant on the surface of the vegetation fluid 110. Additionally, without limiting the scope of the disclosure, blending of the airtight securing member 402 and buoyant materials like Styrofoam foam can be used together to ensure the securing member 402 stays afloat while providing optimal support for the plants 112. This dual approach enhances stability and ensures that the securing member 402 effectively carries the plants 112 throughout the cultivation process.

[0130] Other than this, the materials used for the securing member 402 may include a variety of polymers, metals, foams, fibers, composites, and other materials. Examples of polymers include thermoform, high molecular weight polyethylene, prime acrylonitrile, styrene (ABS), butadiene, Teflon, and amorphous thermoplastic materials. Metals such as aluminum, steel, stainless steel, copper, and various alloys, including but not limited to copper-zinc and titanium, or combination of mentioned metals with themselves or other materials to have alloys are also suitable options. Foam materials like polyurethane foam, Styrofoam, or any other foams commonly used in floating irrigation systems, or in the cultivation systems or other industries, along with hard plastic foam, polystyrene, and vinyl, can be utilized. Additionally, natural and synthetic fibers, such as wood fibers, bamboo, fiberglass, and fibers derived from glass or plastic, can be employed. Composite materials, which may include carbon fiber and other synthetic or non-synthetic substances, are also potential choices. Other materials, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), nylon, plastic, neoprene, natural or synthetic rubber, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), Teflon (PTFE), and other materials commonly used in systems like components in the food industry, sprockets, and related components, can also be considered. It shall be mentioned that securing member 402 can be made from the materials which are not mentioned here but are used in agriculture, horticulture, food industries, or in general in the food sector.

[0131] Without deviating from the scope of the disclosure, securing member 402 may also be made from stretchable materials, such as polyethylene (PE) stretch film, stretchable plastic bags, elastomeric plastics (TPE), silicone stretch lids, stretchy plastic sheets (e.g., certain types of vinyl), stretchable plastic films used in food packaging, rubber, or even rubber bands. These materials offer flexibility and elasticity, allowing the securing member 402 to expand or contract as needed while maintaining durability and functionality. The securing member 402, made of the above-mentioned materials, can be effectively manufactured using an extrusion process, as one of the options for manufacturing process.

[0132] FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a plant holder 502 positioned within the hole 404A ofthe securing member 402, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The size of the plant holder 502, especially during the early stages of growth of the plant 112, may vary depending on the specific crop and design requirements. For example, the plant holder 502 with a square cross- section and a width of 1 cm could be used for a particular design. Larger sizes are also possible if the design demands. In a non-limiting example, the height of the plant holder 502 can also vary, starting from, for example, 0.5 cm or more. The height of the plant holder 502 can vary depending on the geometrical configuration of the plant 112 and the securing member 402. The cross-sectional shape of the plant holder 502 can take various forms, such as square, rectangular, oval, triangular, or circular, depending on factors like the type of the crop 112, crop varieties, design of the securing member 402, the irrigation system, etc. In the depicted embodiment, the crop 112 is secured in plant holder 502 form with a square shape when viewed from above.

[0133] In one configuration, the plant holder 502 may be made from an impermeable material and may include features such as holes, conduits, or wicks to allow fluid transfer from the exterior to the interior and vice versa. In another configuration, the plant holder 502 may be constructed from the same materials used for the securing member 402, recycled plastic, etc. In yet another configuration, for a single-use option, plant holder 502 may be made of synthetic materials, such as plastic, or natural and biodegradable materials such as rock wool, coco peat, pulp peat, paper, or other organic substances and their combinations.

[0134] Alternatively, without departing from the scope of the disclosure, plant 112 may grow within a medium, which could be integrated into the material that forms the structure for holding the plants 112. The growth medium (or media) may consist of materials, such as but not limited to peat, rock wool, foam, sand, sponge, sand tulle, netting, web materials, cocopeat, coco coir, perlite, vermiculite, peat moss, aeroponic foam, growstones, sand, gravel or combination of them. If the growth medium is sufficiently durable to maintain its shape and rigidity throughout the growing cycle, it can serve as the fixture. This allows it to be directly inserted into the securing member 402, eliminating the need for a separate plant holder 502. Since the cultivation system 100 does not rely on soil, the growing medium provides support for the plants 112 and enables them to have efficient access to water and nutrients.

[0135] FIG. 6A illustrates a perspective view of the apparatus 106 A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6B illustrates a front view of the apparatus 106 A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6C illustrates a perspective view of a part of the apparatus 106A depicted in FIG. 6A, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The apparatus 106A, designed to move the securing member 104A, includes the track A,the track B, and chains 602. The track A and the track B, which together function as a rail system, guide the chains 602. The chains 602 include a first chain 604A (also referred to as ‘chain A’) and a second chain 604B (also referred to as ‘chain B’). The apparatus 106 further includes one or more drive units 606A, 606B, ..., 606N. The one or more drive units 606A, 606B, ..., 606N are operably connected to the chains 602 to facilitate their movement. The track A, the track B, the chain A, the chain B, and the drive units 606A, 606B, ..., 606N may be enclosed by the covering member 202.

[0136] Referring to FIGS. 2A-2D and 6A-6C, in the first portion 210A of the apparatus 106 A, which is associated with the preparation zone 204A, the track A and the track B are positioned substantially parallel to each other and are separated by a first predetermined height V1.

[0137] In the second portion 210B of the apparatus 106A, corresponding to the spacing zone 204B, at least part of the track B, along the direction R, is positioned at an angle relative to the track A, with a separation defined by a second predetermined height V2. However, in an alternative configuration, the track A and the track B may not be aligned along the direction R. Instead, the track A and the track B can be oriented angularly relative to the direction R. This flexibility in orientation allows for greater adaptability in design, enabling the tracks A and B to accommodate specific functional or spatial requirements. In the implemented design of the spacing zone 204B, the slope of the track B influences the spacing effect. For example, if the slope is steep, the angle between the track A and the track B increases, leading to a rapid change in the spacing between the securing members 104A along the direction R. In contrast, if the slope is shallower, the angle between the track A and the track B becomes smaller or more moderate, causing the spacing between the securing members 104A to change more gradually and slowly along the direction R. This adjustability allows for fine-tuned control over the spacing between the securing members 104A, ensuring optimal plant growth conditions throughout the cultivation process. This angular positioning allows for greater flexibility in controlling the movement and alignment of the chains 602 across the spacing zone 204B, accommodating variations in operational needs or adjustments in spacing of the securing members 104A. In addition, it could be possible that the track B may be configured in shapes other than straight lines, including but not limited to curved, or irregular patterns, depending on the application or design requirements.

[0138] Continuous and limitless spacing occurs in the spacing zone 204B, meaning that the spacing between the securing members 104A change in relation to the two securing members before and after. The spacing increases along the direction R in the spacing zone 204B. For example, in a non-limiting scenario (not shown), with one hundred securing members in the spacing zone 204B, there would be one hundred distances between the securing members. In this zone, the spacing between each of thesesecuring members and its neighboring members continuously increases and adjusts.

[0139] The track A and the track B feature different and unlimited patterns. In a non-limiting example, the track A and the track B may provide limitless patterns compared to each other, resulting in an array of spacing possibilities (spacing plans / schemes). For example, by designing a customized pattern, the required variable spacing can be provided in the spacing zone 204B and exclude variable spacing in other zones, such as the preparation zone 204A and the final zone 204C. In a non-limiting example, the spacing zone 204B may be configured with multiple sub-zones, one of which is the zone J (illustrated in FIG. 2F). In this specific zone, the distances between the securing members are fixed and remain constant, since the track A and the track B are parallel to each other, ensuring addressing required spacing pattern for optimal plant growth.

[0140] Referring to FIG. 2F, in the third portion 210C of the apparatus 106A, which is associated with the final zone 204C, the track A and the track B are positioned to facilitate more streamlined movement of the chains 602. In one configuration, the track A and the track B overlap in this zone, enabling smoother transitions. In another configuration, only one of the tracks, either the track A or the track B, is required, depending on the specific design or operational needs of the apparatus 106A. Additionally, in yet another configuration, the track A and the track B can be separate and non- overlapping, running parallel to each other while maintaining their individual paths. This arrangement simplifies the design in the final zone 204C while ensuring efficient movement and alignment of the chains 602, improving the overall functionality and adaptability of the apparatus 106A.

[0141] In one configuration, the track A and the track B are fabricated separately and then assembled or coupled together to form transport tracks. Alternatively, in another configuration, the track A and the track B may be integrated into a single-piece structure of the transport tracks, offering enhanced stability and simplifying the manufacturing process. The choice between separate or single-piece construction depends on factors such as material properties, design flexibility, and other factors such as the desired level of precision. When formed separately, the track A and the track B could allow for easier customization or replacement, whereas a single-piece design of the transport tracks may improve durability and reduce the potential for misalignment. Furthermore, the materials used for both the track A and the track B can vary depending on the design requirements, with options ranging from metals for strength and durability to composites or plastics for lighter weight and corrosion resistance. For the sake of clarity and ease of understanding, the term ‘track’ is used consistently throughout this description. However, it should be understood that the ‘track’ is intended to broadly encompass any type of guiding element, including but not limited to tracks, grooves, rails, channels, rollers, or any equivalent structure or mechanism designed to guide, constrain, or control movement.

[0142] A person skilled in the art would appreciate that the track A and the track B can be mirrored on the covering member 202 of the apparatus 106A. This approach involves molding or shaping the tracks directly onto the structure of the apparatus, and the covering member 202 of the apparatus 106A, creating a seamless and unified design. By forming the track A and the track B in this manner, the need for separate manufacturing, assembly, and attachment of the track A and the track B can be eliminated, which could results in simplifying the production process and reducing the number of components required. This method also can offer several advantages, such as improved structural integrity, as the tracks are directly integrated with the covering member 202, creating a stable and robust system. It can enhance durability by eliminating potential points of failure where separate parts might connect, reducing the risk of misalignment or wear. Additionally, this design approach may help optimize space within the apparatus 106 A, ensuring a more compact and efficient overall configuration. Forming the track A and the track B on the covering member 202 also could allow for greater customization, as the track A and the track B can be tailored to the exact specifications of the apparatus 106A, enhancing both performance and ease of maintenance.

[0143] The track A and the track B, configured as guiderail members, may be constructed from a variety of materials, including, but not limited to, polymers such as thermoform plastics, prime acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high molecular weight polyethylene, or other amorphous thermoplastic materials. They can also be made from foam materials like polyurethane foam, Styrofoam, or other types of foam commonly used in floating irrigation systems. Additionally, vinyl or various metals, including but not limited to steel, stainless steel, aluminum, or strong alloys, can be used for manufacturing the tracks. The choice of material depends on factors, such as durability, environmental resistance, weight, and the specific functionality required for the track A and the track B. Moreover, the material used for the securing members 104A could also be utilized in the construction of the track A and the track B, providing compatibility and consistency in the overall design of the apparatus 106A. This could provide benefits such as easier integration, improved strength, or enhanced resistance to wear, corrosion, and environmental factors. Depending on the intended use, the track A and the track B could be designed to handle heavy loads, resist chemical exposure, or withstand extreme temperatures, further enhancing the performance and longevity of the apparatus 106A.

[0144] FIG. 6D illustrates a perspective view of a part of the chains 602, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6E illustrates a front view of the part of the chains 602, of FIG. 6D, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6F illustrates a perspective view of the chain A of FIG. 6D, in accordance with one embodiment of the presentdisclosure. FIG. 6G illustrates a perspective view of the chain B of FIG. 6D, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. As depicted in FIGS. 6D and 6E, the chains 602 consist of the chain A and the chain B. The chain A is designed to move along the track A, while chain B is designed to move along the track B within both the preparation zone 204A and the spacing zone 204B. In the final zone 204C, where no spacing is provided, both the chain A and the chain B are configured to move along the track A. This ensures consistent and coordinated movement of the chains 602, even in the absence of spacing, maintaining the functionality and alignment of the apparatus 106A throughout all zones. The design allows for smooth transitions between zones, where the chains 602 can adapt to different track configurations. In the preparation zone 204A and the spacing zone 204B, the individual tracks guide each chain separately, providing the necessary control for movement. However, in the final zone 204C, both the chain A and the chain B move along the same track ensures seamless operation and could provide optimizing space and efficiency in the apparatus 106A. In addition, the track A and the track B, could be separated, and not overlap each other, in the final zone 204C. In this case, the chain A follows the track A and the chain B follows the track B. Tt shall be mentioned that in this case both tracks are parallel to each other.

[0145] In a specific embodiment, the chain A is pivotally coupled to the chain B and configured to move along the track A. This configuration allows for a dynamic movement pattern that can adapt to the requirements of the chain A and the chain B based on the configuration of the track A and the track B in the preparation zone 204A, the spacing zone 204B, and the final zone 204C. This flexible coupling allows the chain A and the chain B to adapt to varying loads and positions, ensuring smooth operation and precise control across different zones, i.e., the preparation zone 204A, the spacing zone 204B, and the final zone 204C. Additionally, the design of the chain A and the chain B may incorporate features such as damping or tension adjustment mechanisms to optimize the movement over the track A and the track B respectively. The combined motion of the chain A and the chain B ensure efficient transfer of forces, making the spacing zone 204B more responsive and versatile in its function of providing limitless spacing in the spacing zone 204B and no spacing in the final zone 204C.

[0146] To enhance the efficiency of the transportation process, a spring 607 can be strategically positioned at the connection of the chain A and the chain B. As shown in FIG. 6E, the interaction between the chain A and the chain B leads to a widening effect, by varying a first angle θ1 and a second angle θ2, between the chain A and the chain B increases. In a non-limiting example, the first angle θ1 and the second angle θ2 could be nearly zero at the preparation zone 204A and the beginning of the spacing zone 204B, increasing to 180 degrees in the final zone 204C. This is a result of theforce or torque applied by the spring 607, which works to maintain or adjust the alignment of the chain A with the chain B. The spring 607 can take various forms, such as a torsion spring, spiral spring, or any other suitable design, provided it delivers the same functionality and performance. The precise type of spring used depends on the specific requirements of the chain A and the chain B, such as the desired force, space constraints, lengths and number of chains, their specific designs, mechanical characteristics and mechanical behavior, ensuring smooth operation and minimizing wear of the chain A and the chain B. For the sake of clarity and ease of understanding, as used herein, the term “chain” (also referred to as a linkage element) is intended to be construed in the broadest reasonable sense throughout this description as any type of linkage element configured to transmit motion or force, including, without limitation, Chain A, Chain B, combinations of Chain A and Chain B, or functional equivalents such as belts, cables, articulated linkages, or other flexible or non-flexible members performing a similar function.

[0147] Referring to FIGS. 6F and 6G, the chain A is constructed of a pair of sub-links that are arranged in a substantially parallel configuration, with a defined spacing between them. Similarly, the chain B is also constructed from a pair of sub-links, arranged parallel to each other in a similar manner. This design allows for enhanced structural stability and flexibility, as the parallel arrangement of sub- links helps to distribute forces more evenly across the chains 602. Their dimensions and spacing between the sub-links can be adjusted based on the specific design requirements, providing the ability to fine-tune the movement and load-bearing capacity of the chains 602.

[0148] The use of paired sub-links in both the chain A and the chain B could help to increase the overall strength of the chains 602 while maintaining a lightweight structure. This configuration also facilitates smooth, controlled movement along the track A and the track B, ensuring precise adjustments and alignment during operation. Additionally, the parallel arrangement could reduce friction and wear between the components, extending the lifespan of the linkage system and improving its efficiency.

[0149] The chains 602, including the chain A and the chain B, can be designed to be flexible. For example, instead of using solid chains, smaller, more flexible chains (like a bicycle chain) can be utilized. In another example, cables could be used instead of solid chains. The smaller chains or cables can offer improved adaptability and maneuverability, especially in applications where space or precise movement is crucial. Additionally, the use of flexible chains can reduce the overall weight of the system 100, enhance efficiency, and make it easier to accommodate various operational conditions. The flexibility of the chains 602 allows them to bend or adjust easily to different configurations, improving the overall performance and longevity of the system 100. The chain A and the chain B, canhave various form and designs; they can different design as explained before or can be identical.

[0150] In an embodiment, the operator can continuously add more chains to the existing chains. For instance, when a series of chains (e.g., 200 chain A and 200 chain B connected) is not yet fully inside the system 100, the operator can attach additional chains to the current series. Specifically, the operator connects the chain A of a new series (e.g., consisting of 100 chain A and 100 chain B, already connected) to the last chain of the existing series, which is mostly inside the system 100. To streamline this process, the track A and track B can be extended outside the system 100 from the point A, allowing the operator to load these tracks A and B with pre-assembled chains. Essentially, the operator connects the first chain A of the new series (including 100 chain A and 100 chain B, already linked together) to the last chain B of the existing series, which is primarily inside the system 100. This process continues seamlessly, with additional chains being added as needed. Alternatively, instead of extending the track A and the track B outside the system 100, the new series of chains can be suspended prior to entering the system 100. Various other solutions with the same functionality can also be implemented to achieve this. In another embodiment, the chains 602 can be designed to form a closed loop. Using an automated system, when the chains 602 exit the system 100, they are directed back through the system and re-enter the respective tracks (track A for chain A and track B for chain B) starting from the point A.

[0151] FIG. 6H illustrates a perspective view of the chain A or the chain B of FIG. 6D, when they are identical, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6I illustrates a perspective view of the chain A or the chain B of FIG. 6D, when they are identical, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, both the chain A and the chain B are constructed as single-piece designs. This design choice could enhance the structural integrity of the chains 602 by eliminating the need for multiple components or joints, which can introduce additional points of stress and potential failure. The single-piece construction could increase rigidity and strength, as the links are made from a continuous material that resists bending or deformation under load. It should be noted that the chain A and the chain B can follow the same design soul (having a single-piece design), but their dimensions could be different and in the other words it is possible that they can be single-piece design, but not identical.

[0152] Moreover, the solid, unified structure of each of the chain A and the chain B reduces the complexity of assembly, as there are fewer parts to align and secure. This can improve manufacturing efficiency and reduce the likelihood of errors during production. The use of a single-piece design also minimizes the potential for wear or failure at connection points, resulting in a more reliable and durable chains 602. In addition, FIG. 6H and FIG. 6I show an example design. The design and thedimensions of each component could be different, as long as the functionality is the same.

[0153] Referring to FIGS. 6A-6F, the apparatus 106A further includes a first set of bearings 608, a first pin 610, a second set of bearings 612, and a second pin 614. The first set of bearing 608 includes a first left bearing 616L and a first right bearing 616R. The first left bearing 616L is connected to the first right bearing 616R through the first pin 610. The first pin 610 is coupled to the chain A, while the first left bearing 616L and the first right bearing 616R are positioned to move along the track A in the direction R. This configuration ensures that the chain A move smoothly along the track A, maintaining proper alignment and reducing friction. The orientation of the first left bearing 616L and the first right bearing 616R facilitates efficient movement, allowing the chain A to operate with precision and stability over the track A. Likewise, the second set of bearings 612 includes a second left bearing 618L and a second right bearing 618R. The second left bearing 618L is connected to the second right bearing 618R through the second pin 614. The second pin 614 is coupled to the chain B, while the second left bearing 618L and the second right bearing 618R are positioned to move along the track B in the direction R. This configuration ensures that the chain B moves smoothly along the track B, maintaining proper alignment and reducing friction. The orientation of the second left bearing 618L and the second right bearing 618R facilitates efficient movement, allowing the chain B to operate with precision and stability over the track B. It should be noted that the first set of bearings 608 and the second set of bearings 612 are configured as rolling elements. However, instead of bearings, any other type of rolling element that performs the same function can be utilized. These rolling elements may include, but are not limited to, ball bearings, roller bearings, or needle bearings, all of which are designed to reduce friction and facilitate smooth movement.

[0154] The design of the first set of bearings 608, along with the chain A, allows for optimized load distribution and minimizes mechanical resistance during operation. Likewise, the design of the second set of bearings 612, along with the chain B, allows for optimized load distribution and minimizes mechanical resistance during operation. The first set of bearings 608 and the second set of bearings 612 are typically constructed from durable materials, such as high-strength metals or polymers, to ensure long-term performance under various operational conditions. Specifically, the first set of bearings 608 and the second set of bearings 612, the first pin 610, and the second pin 614, may be constructed from a variety of materials, including, but not limited to, polymers such as thermoform plastics, prime acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high molecular weight polyethylene, or other amorphous thermoplastic materials. They can also be made from foam materials like polyurethane foam, Styrofoam, etc. Additionally, vinyl or various metals, including but not limited to steel, stainless steel, aluminum, or strong alloys, can be used for manufacturing the tracks. The choice of materialdepends on factors such as durability, environmental resistance, weight, and the specific functionality required for the first set of bearings 608 and the second set of bearings 612, the first pin 610, and the second pin 614. Moreover, the material used for the securing members 104 A could also be utilized in the construction of the first set of bearings 608 and the second set of bearings 612, the first pin 610, and the second pin 614, ensuring compatibility and consistency in the overall design of the apparatus 106A. This could provide benefits such as easier integration, improved strength, or enhanced resistance to wear, corrosion, and environmental factors. Depending on the intended use, the first set of bearings 608 and the second set of bearings 612, the first pin 610, and the second pin 614, could be designed to handle heavy loads, resist chemical exposure, or withstand extreme temperatures, further enhancing the performance and longevity of the apparatus 106 A. Additionally, the configuration of the first set of bearings 608 and the second set of bearings 612, the first pin 610, and the second pin 614, can be customized to meet specific requirements, such as the need for high-speed movement, heavy load-bearing capacity, or resistance to environmental factors like moisture or corrosion. For the sake of clarity and ease of understanding, as used herein, the term “bearing” (also referred to as a motion-facilitating element or a support element) is intended to be construed in the broadest reasonable sense to encompass any component that supports and / or facilitates relative movement between two members, including, without limitation, rolling-element bearings, plain bearings, bushings, sliders, linear guides, or functional equivalents.

[0155] FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate at least one hook 702 (also referred to as ‘hook 702’), of the at least one set of hooks 108 A, engaging the first chain 604A with the securing member 402, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. As depicted in FIG. 7A, an upper region 704U of the hook 702 is designed to be swingably coupled to the chain A. This configuration allows for dynamic movement and flexibility, enabling the hook 702 to pivot in response to the movement of the chains 602. On the other hand, a lower region 704L of the hook 702 is designed to engage with an engaging part 706 of the securing member 402. This engagement ensures that the securing member 402 is properly aligned and secured in place as the chains 602 moves along its intended path. The coupling between the hook 702 and the securing member 402 enables precise positioning and adjustment of the hook 702, allowing for efficient movement and handling of the securing member 402.

[0156] The hook 702 is typically made from high-strength materials specifically chosen to withstand the mechanical stresses associated with its intended function. These materials may include steel, aluminum, brass, bronze, galvanized steel, titanium, nylon, alloy steel, zinc-coated steel, cast iron, copper alloys, polyurethane, rubber, ceramic, silicon nitride, stainless steel, hardened steel, andvarious other advanced materials such as thermoform plastics, high molecular weight polyethylene, prime acrylonitrile, styrene (ABS), butadiene, and amorphous thermoplastic materials. The selection of these materials is critical to ensuring the long-term durability and reliable performance of the hook 702, even under heavy usage or in challenging environmental conditions such as extreme temperatures, moisture, and exposure to corrosive substances. In addition to material selection, the design of the hook 702 is meticulously engineered to optimize the engagement and disengagement process. This design minimizes friction and wear, ensuring smooth operation while maintaining a secure and stable connection throughout the lifecycle of the hook 702. The careful consideration of material properties and design ensures that the hook 702 can endure frequent or prolonged use without compromising its functionality or integrity. Moreover, the use of corrosion-resistant materials, such as stainless steel or zinc-coated steel, further enhances the resilience of the hook 702 to environmental factors, ensuring its ability to perform consistently over time. The integration of high-performance thermoplastics also contributes to a reduction in the weight of the hook, making it easier to handle without sacrificing strength.

[0157] In one configuration, as shown in FIG. 7A, the lower region 704L of the hook 702 is designed with a pair of protruding portions 708, positioned at a specified distance apart from each other. The pair of protruding portions 708 is strategically placed to facilitate engagement with the engaging part 706, which is configured as a pair of holes 710, also arranged with a defined spacing, and the engaging part 706 is a part of the securing member 402. In a specific embodiment, the pair of protruding portions 708 of the hook 702 is designed to form a clearance fit with the corresponding pair of holes 710 of the engaging part 706, allowing the pair of protruding portions 708 to pass smoothly through the pair of holes 710. This connection ensures that the hook 702 and the engaging part 706 are securely coupled while permitting precise and controlled movement of the securing member 402. However, in another embodiment, the pair of protruding portions 708 and the engaging part 706 are designed to interlock through an interference fit, where the pair of protruding portions 708 fit snugly into the holes of the engaging part 706. This configuration of engagement ensures a secure and stable connection between the components, preventing unwanted movement or detachment of the securing member 402 during operation.

[0158] In another configuration, as shown in FIG. 7B, the lower region 704L of the hook 702 is configured as a substantially rectangular portion 712, which is tailored to interact effectively with the engaging part 706. The engaging part 706 is configured as a substantially rectangular hole 714, specifically sized and shaped to form an interference fit with the rectangular portion 712. This interference fit ensures a secure and stable connection between the two components, as the rectangularportion 712 fits tightly into the rectangular hole 714, creating frictional resistance that prevents accidental detachment. A person skilled in the art will recognize that the rectangular portion 712 and the rectangular hole 714 are illustrative and may be implemented with alternative shapes, dimensions, or interfitting geometries that provide a comparable connection or engagement function, and the present invention is not limited to the specific configuration described or depicted.

[0159] A person skilled in the art would recognize that the hook 702 can be designed with alternative shapes for their connection, beyond the configuration described. It is also important to note that the hook 702 can be replaced by any suitable engaging member that serves to connect the chain A with the securing member 402, while ensuring precise and controlled movement of the securing member 402. Such an engaging member can take various forms depending on the design requirements, such as a pin, latch, clip, or any other mechanical element capable of providing a secure attachment. The key function of the engaging member is to facilitate smooth and accurate movement of the securing member 402, preventing any unwanted shifting or misalignment during operation.

[0160] FIG. 8A illustrates the one or more drive units 606A, 606B, ... , 606N coupled to the chain B, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 8B illustrates a front view of at least one drive unit 606A (also referred to as ‘drive unit 606 A’) of the one or more drive units 606A, 606B, ... , 606N, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The drive unit 606A includes an actuator 802, a slidable member 804, and an engaging element 806. The actuator 802 houses the slidable member 804, which extends and moves in a direction Y, within the actuator 802. In one configuration, the movement of the slidable member 804 in the direction Y may coincide with the movement in the direction R. In an alternate configuration, the movement of the slidable member 804 along the direction Y may differ from that along the direction R. The engaging element 806 is swingably coupled to an end portion 808 of the slidable member 804, allowing it to pivot as needed. This design enables the engaging element 806 to be securely connected to the chain B and the engaging element 806 to engage with the second pin 614, facilitating the pulling of the chains 602 along the direction R. Alternately, based on another configuration, this design enables the engaging element 806 to be securely connected to the chain A and the engaging element 806 to engage with the second pin 614, facilitating the pulling of the chains 602. The slidable member 804 is designed to slide smoothly within the actuator 802, ensuring precise movement and efficient operation of the drive unit 606 A. The swingable connection of the engaging element 806 enhances flexibility and allows for controlled engagement with the chain B, ensuring reliable and accurate pulling action within the apparatus 106A.

[0161] The actuator 802 can be operated manually, semi-automatically, or fully automatically tocontrol the speed of the securing member 402 in the direction R. In one configuration, the actuator 802 operates in fully automatic mode by establishing a seamless communication link with the control system 122. This communication enables the actuator 802 to precisely manage the movement of the slidable member 804, utilizing a variety of advanced mechanisms. These methods may include mechanical systems, such as gears or levers, electrical components like motors or solenoids, electronic controls that involve sensors and circuits, magnetic fields for contactless movement, or other relevant and similar technologies designed to efficiently control motion.

[0162] This setup ensures that the actuator 802 can autonomously adjust the position of the slidable member 804 with high precision, optimizing the performance of the overall system. Through the integration of the control system 122, the actuator 802 can continuously monitor and adjust the movement based on pre-programmed parameters or real-time data, allowing for dynamic control of the system without the need for manual intervention. The use of diverse technological methods provides flexibility and reliability, ensuring that the actuator 802 can adapt to different operating conditions and requirements, delivering accurate and efficient performance in various scenarios. It should be mentioned that the control system 122 can be equipped with advanced computing systems and software, including but not limited to artificial intelligence.

[0163] Alternatively, the slidable member 804 can be manually operated by an operator, providing a more direct and hands-on method for adjusting its position. In this manual mode, the operator has full control over the movement of the slidable member 804, allowing for immediate, precise adjustments to the position of the securing member 402. This approach gives the operator the flexibility to make real-time modifications based on situational needs or specific requirements, without depending on the automated control system. The manual control allows for a higher degree of tactile feedback and personal judgment, ensuring that the operator can respond quickly and effectively to any changes or challenges during operation. Additionally, this mode is useful in circumstances where the automated system may not be available, or when more specific, nuanced adjustments are required beyond what the automated system can provide. The hands-on nature of this control method ensures that the operator can achieve optimal positioning with a level of precision that may not be as easily achieved through automation alone.

[0164] It is important to note that the amount of movement of the slidable member 804 (for example, 8 cm, 12 cm, or other specific distances) as well as the speed at which it moves can vary depending on the specifications of each drive unit 606A. Each drive unit 606A may be designed to operate within different parameters, allowing for customized movement distances and speed settings to suit the unique requirements of the system 100. These adjustments can be configured based on factors suchas the operational needs, load requirements, or system performance goals. Therefore, while the actuator 802 controls the movement of the slidable member 804, the precise spacing and speed of the movement can be tailored for each drive unit 606A to ensure optimal functionality and efficiency. This flexibility allows the system 100 to adapt to different applications, providing more versatility and precision in controlling the movement of the securing member 402.

[0165] FIG. 9A illustrates a perspective view of at least a part of a cultivation block 900 of the cultivation system 100 in a horizontal position, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9B illustrates a perspective view of at least the part of the cultivation block 900, without the covering member 202 of the apparatus 106A, of FIG. 9A, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. The cultivation system 100 of the present embodiment is equipped with a nutrient film technique (NFT) irrigation system. NFT is a hydroponic growing method primarily used for cultivating the plants 112 in a soilless environment. In this system 100, a thin film of the vegetation fluid 110, such as nutrient-rich water flows over the roots of the plants 112, which are supported by the securing members 104 A. The vegetation fluid 110 is continuously or intermittently circulated through the securing members 104A to ensure that the plants 112 receive a steady supply of essential nutrients and oxygen.

[0166] In the present embodiment, the cultivation block 900 is designed to support an efficient irrigation system for plant growth. The cultivation block 900 consists of the apparatus 106A, the securing members 104A, a water inlet 902, a water outlet 904, and connecting hoses 906. The water inlet 902 is a component of the irrigation system, responsible for supplying water and nutrients, referred to here as the vegetation fluid 110, to the securing members 104A. These nutrients are typically a mix of water, fertilizers, and other essential elements for plant growth.

[0167] The hoses 906 fluidically connects the water inlet 902 to the securing members 104A. In a non-limiting example, the hoses 906 may be configured as a tube (e.g., flexible tube) that supplies the vegetation fluid 110 from the water inlet 902 to the securing members 104A. The hoses 906 are strategically positioned to deliver the vegetation fluid 110 to the securing members 104A in a controlled manner, ensuring that the water and nutrients are distributed evenly across the entire length of the securing members 104A. Specifically, the hoses 906 direct the vegetation fluid 110 to a first side 908 of the securing members 104 A, ensuring that the vegetation fluid 110 is supplied uniformly along the securing members 104 A. For the sake of clarity and ease of understanding, as used herein, the term “hose” (also referred to as a fluid conduit) is intended to be construed in the broadest reasonable sense to encompass any flexible, semi-flexible, semi-rigid, or rigid member configured to convey a fluid, including, without limitation, hoses, tubes, pipes, ducts, channels, or functionalequivalents, regardless of material, reinforcement, or cross-sectional shape.

[0168] Once the vegetation fluid 110 flows through the securing members 104A and irrigates the plants 112 that are secured within, the vegetation fluid 110 eventually exits from the securing members 104A through the water outlet 904, which is positioned at a second side 910 of the securing members 104A. The water outlet 904 is strategically placed to collect the drained water, which now contains excess nutrients and any runoff from the plants 112. This drained fluid is then transported back to a water reservoir within the irrigation system. At this point, the collected water undergoes a series of treatments within the irrigation system, such as disinfection to eliminate harmful pathogens, and adjustments to the pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and nutrient levels to ensure the water is suitable for recirculation. Once the water has been properly adjusted, it is pumped back into the irrigation system to be reused for subsequent cycles.

[0169] To ensure that the vegetation fluid 110 flows smoothly and efficiently through the securing members 104A, the securing members 104A may need to be installed with a slight slope. This slope helps the vegetation fluid 110 flow from the point of the water inlet 902 to the water outlet 904. The degree of slope can vary depending on the length and configuration of the securing members 104A. The first side 908 of the securing members 104A, which receives vegetation fluid 110 from the hoses 906, is positioned slightly higher than the second side 910. This ensures that gravity assists in the movement of the vegetation fluid 110, preventing stagnation and facilitating the even distribution of water and nutrients to the plants 112. For the sake of clarity and ease of understanding, as used herein, the term “water inlet” (also referred to as a fluid inlet) is intended to be construed in the broadest reasonable sense to encompass any port, opening, conduit, or passage configured to receive an incoming fluid, including, without limitation, water, vegetation fluid, nutrient solutions, or other liquids. And for the sake of clarity and ease of understanding, as used herein, the term “water outlet” (also referred to as a fluid outlet) is intended to be construed in the broadest reasonable sense to encompass any port, opening, conduit, or passage configured to discharge or release a fluid, including, without limitation, water, vegetation fluid, nutrient solutions, or other liquids.

[0170] In the depicted configuration, the securing members 104A are positioned in a manner that is substantially parallel to the ground surface. The apparatus 106A is positioned between the first side 908 and the second side 910 of the securing members 104A. However, in another configuration, the apparatus 106A may be positioned at one of the first side 908 or the second side 910 of the securing members 104. Furthermore, in yet another configuration, more than one apparatus may be used to move the securing members 104A. As a result, each configuration of the cultivation block 900 of the cultivation system 100 may involve more than one apparatus 106A.

[0171] FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate a perspective view of a part of the cultivation block 900 of the cultivation system 100 in a vertical position, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10C illustrates a front view, of the cultivation block 900 of FIGS. 10A and 10B, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10D illustrates a front view, of the part of the cultivation block 900, without the covering member 202 of the apparatus 106A, of FIG. 10C, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10E illustrates a side view of the part of the cultivation block 900 of FIG. 10A, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. In the depicted example, the securing members 104A are positioned in a manner that is substantially perpendicular to the ground surface and the apparatus 106A is positioned at the first side 908 of the securing members 104A. This position allows the securing members 104A to effectively engage with and support the plant 112 in a stable manner. By being perpendicular to the ground, the securing members 104A provide stability and alignment for the plants 112, preventing tilting or misalignment as the plant grows.

[0172] Referring to FIGS. 9A-9B and 10A-10E, the geometric configuration and design elements of the apparatus 106A in the current system 100 which is equipped with the NFT irrigation system are essentially the same as the MFGS, as previously discussed with reference to FIGS. 2A-2I and 8A-8B. This consistency in design ensures that both systems are structured to optimize plant growth and nutrient delivery, leveraging similar principles and structural features. Moreover, without limiting the scope of the disclosure, the design characteristics of the various operational zones within each of the NFT and MFGS systems remain identical. These zones include the preparation zone 204A; the spacing zone 204B, designed to allow for proper spacing between plants for optimal growth conditions; and the final zone 204C, where the final stages of the plant development take place. The uniformity of these design features across both systems ensures that they operate with comparable efficiency and effectiveness in facilitating plant cultivation, providing a seamless transition between both setups for various hydroponic applications. Therefore, the geometrical configuration and the design aspects of the apparatus 106A are not reiterated here for the sake of brevity. However, the geometrical configuration and design features of the securing members 104A vary between the NFT and MFGS systems. For example, in the MFGS system, the securing members 104A are designed to float, a feature not required in the NFT irrigation system. Furthermore, in the NFT system, the securing members 104A can be positioned horizontally or vertically, whereas in the MFGS system, the securing members are positioned horizontally. As shown in FIG. 10E, in the vertical configuration of the NFT system, holes or channels can be created on both the front and rear sides of the securing members 104A to secure the plants 112.

[0173] FIG. 10F illustrates the plant 112 secured to a securing member 1002 of the set of securing members 104A of the cultivation block 900, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10G illustrates a perspective view of the securing member 1002 configured with a channel 1004, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIGS. 10F and 10G, the securing member 1002 is designed with the channel 1004, which is specifically shaped to hold and secure the plant 112 in place. This channel 1004 could provide a stable and adaptable method of securing the plants 112, allowing for easier insertion and removal of plants, especially if the plants are baby leaves. The channel 1004 can be formed on both the front and rear sides of the securing members 104A to secure the plants 112. The channel 1004 offers flexibility in accommodating different sizes of plant 112, providing a secure fit that ensures the plants 112 remains in position throughout its growth cycle. Additionally, the channel 1004 may be engineered to allow for slight adjustments in the positioning of the plant 112, further enhancing the adaptability to various plant sizes and types. This configuration improves the overall effectiveness of the securing mechanism of the plant 112 within the channel 1004 of the securing member 1002, ensuring optimal support for the plant 112 while also simplifying maintenance and adjustments. FIG. 10H illustrates a perspective view of a securing member 1003 configured with a plurality of holes 1005, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. The securing member 1002 is designed with the plurality of holes 1005, which is specifically shaped to hold and secure the plant 112 in place. The plurality of holes 1005 could provide a stable and adaptable method of securing the plants 112, allowing for easier insertion and removal of plants, especially if the plants are baby leaves. The plurality of holes 1005 can be formed on both the front and rear sides of the securing members 104A to secure the plants 112. The plurality of holes 1005 offers flexibility in accommodating different sizes of plant 112, providing a secure fit that ensures the plants 112 remains in position throughout its growth cycle.

[0174] FIG. 11 illustrates a front view of the apparatus 106A coupled to the securing members 104A through the hooks 108, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. The apparatus 106A of the present embodiment includes the first track 206A (i.e., track A), the second track 206B (i.e., track B), the chains 602 including the chain A and the chain B, the covering member 202, the one or more drive units 606 A, 606B, ... , 606N, the first set of bearings 608, the first pin 610, the second set of bearings 612, and the second pin 614. The geometrical configuration and design aspects of each of these components of the apparatus 106 A are described with reference to FIGS. 2A- 21 to 8A-8B, and therefore not reiterated here for the sake of brevity.

[0175] FIG. 12A illustrates, a first mechanism of, a perspective view of the chain A and a securing member 1202 moving in the direction R, with a hook 1204 engaged to the carriage 1206, in accordancewith another embodiment of the present disclosure. In the present embodiment, the apparatus 106A also includes a third track 1208, which is positioned in a manner that is substantially parallel to the track A. The third track 1208 is designed to provide a guideway for the carriage 1206. For convenience, the third track 1208 will hereinafter be referred to as ‘track P’. The track P can be manufactured separately from, or in conjunction with, tracks A and B, ensuring that the track P is well-integrated to the apparatus 106A for desired functionality. Alternatively, the track P may be mirrored on the covering member 202, offering additional flexibility in the design and installation of the apparatus 106 A. This mirrored configuration could enhance the overall structural integrity or provide an alternative pathway for the carriage 1206 to traverse, depending on the needs of the apparatus 106A. As used herein, the term “carriage” (also referred to as a movable support member or transport member) is intended to be construed in the broadest reasonable sense to encompass any component, subassembly, or structure that supports, carries, guides, transports, or facilitates relative movement of one or more elements of the system along a path, track, or other guiding arrangement. The designation “carriage” therefore includes, without limitation, movable members, sliders, trolleys, runners, movable platforms, or functional equivalents, regardless of whether they are wheeled, tracked, suspended, or otherwise supported.

[0176] As depicted, the apparatus 106A is configured with the track A, the track B, and the third track 1208 (i.e., track P). In an embodiment, the track P is connected to the track A through a body 1210 of the apparatus 106 A. A person skilled in the art would recognize that the securing member 1202 can be replaced by any of the securing members 104 A, 402, or 1002, without altering the fundamental principles or scope of the disclosure. These securing members 104 A, 402, or 1002, though differing in specific design or application, are interchangeable in this context, allowing for flexibility in configuration while maintaining the intended functionality and performance of the system 100. In a specific embodiment, the vertical configuration of the securing members 104 A, 402, or 1002 enables the formation of holes or channels on both the front and rear sides thereof, effectively securing the plants 112.

[0177] In a specific embodiment, the third track 1208 (i.e., track P) is substantially parallel to the track A. In the illustrated configuration, the track A, the track B, the track P, and the body 1210 of the apparatus 106A are seamlessly integrated to form a single, unitary structure. Alternatively, in another embodiment, the track A, the track B, the track P, and the body 1210 of the apparatus 106A could be manufactured separately and later assembled using appropriate joining techniques, such as welding, adhesive bonding, or mechanical fasteners. This flexibility in construction methods allows for variation in manufacturing processes while maintaining structural integrity and ensuring optimalfunctionality. The connection between the tracks (i.e., the track A, the track B, and the track P) and the body 1210 is designed to provide precise alignment and smooth operation, regardless of the assembly method used.

[0178] In an embodiment, the hook 1204 is swingably coupled to the chain A of the chains 602. Additionally, the hook 1202 is engaged to carriage 1206 and is designed to slide along the track P. The hook 1204 can engage with carriage 1206 when moved in a first direction X1 (i.e., direction R) and disengage from the hook 1204 when moved in a second direction X2, which is opposite to the first direction X1 (i.e., opposite to the direction R).

[0179] This configuration allows for precise control over the movement and engagement of the components, enabling the system 100 to function efficiently by ensuring that the carriage 1206 is securely engaged when necessary, and easily disengaged when movement or adjustment is required. The engagement of the hook 1204 with the carriage 1206 allows for smooth transitions between engagement and disengagement, enhancing the overall operational flexibility and effectiveness of the mechanism. The ability to slide along the track P further ensures that the carriage 1206 follows the desired path, contributing to the accurate positioning of the securing member 1202.

[0180] FIG. 12B illustrates, the first mechanism of, a perspective view of a movement of the securing member 1202 from a position P1 to P2, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. The securing member 1202 is moved along the first direction X1 (i.e., direction R), from point A to point C, while this mechanism allows for increased spacing in the spacing zone 204B. As the plant 112 grows, its leaves and the overall size increase. This natural growth process creates a need for more space between the plants 112 to ensure that each one has sufficient room to develop properly. As a result, the spacing between the set of securing member 1202 must be increased to accommodate the larger size of the plants 112. When the drive unit 606A is activated, it initiates movement of the securing member 1202, via the hook 1204 which is swingably coupled to the chain A and engaged with the carriage 1206, in the first direction X1, causing it to travel from its initial position P1 to a new position P2. This movement is controlled with high precision, ensuring that the securing member 1202 follows a predefined trajectory. The drive unit 606A employs the engaging element 806 to connect with the chain A or the chain B, facilitating the engagement of hook 1204 with the carriage 1206. As the carriage 1206 interacts with securing member 1202, when the actuator 802 pulls the slidable member 804, which in turn moves the engaging element 806. This motion causes the carriage 1206 to move and accordingly cause the securing member 1202 to travel along the desired path, enabling precise and controlled movement from position P1 to position P2. The engagement mechanism ensures smooth operation, allowing for consistent and efficient positioning of the securingmember 1202. The transition from position P1 to position P2 is achieved with predefined consideration of factors, such as speed, force, and positional accuracy, ensuring that the securing member 1202 reaches its intended location without deviation. The securing member 1202, positioned at P2, facilitates the growth of the plant 112 by providing adequate space between the consecutive securing member positions at P1 and P2. The movement is monitored and adjusted in real-time by the control system 122 to accommodate any variations in load or environmental conditions, guaranteeing consistent and reliable operation.

[0181] FIGS. 12C and 12D illustrate, the first mechanism of, a perspective view of the hook 1204 disengaged from the carriage 1206 at position P2 of the securing member 1202, when move in the direction of X2, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIGS. 12E-12G illustrate a perspective view of a movement of the hook 1204 from position P2 to P1, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. Once the securing member 1202 reaches position P2, the drive unit 606A is deactivated, halting further movement of the chains 602 in the first direction X1. At this point, the securing member 1202 is firmly positioned at P2. Simultaneously, the engagement between the hook 1204 and the carriage 1206 is released, terminating the interaction between these two components.

[0182] Following this, referring now to FIGS. 12E-12G, the drive unit 606A is reactivated, but this time, it drives the chains 602 in the second direction X2, opposite to the first direction X1 from the position P2 to the position P1. This causes the hook 1204 to move along the second direction X2. As the hook 1204 reaches the position P1, the one cycle is completed, and next cycle can be initiated. At the position P1, the hook 1204 is ready to engage with a new carriage 1212 (shown in FIGS. 2F and 2G) that is engaged to a new securing member 1214 (shown in FIGS. 12F and 12G). The precise control of the drive unit 606A ensures that the movement of the hook 1204 is smooth and accurately follows the required path, maintaining operational efficiency. FIGS. 12H and 12I illustrate a perspective view of the hook 1204 engaging with the new carriage 1212 at position P1 of the securing member 1214, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIGS. 12H and 12I, the hook 1204 engaging the new carriage 1202 and the chains 602 are ready to move forward along the first direction X1, commencing the next cycle. When the new securing member 1214 reaches point P2, the securing member 1202 is already moved by an alternate hook, causing it to depart from point P2. This process ensures that the new securing member 1214 can reach point P2 without interfering with the securing member 1202. Furthermore, it should be noted that the design of the present apparatus is compatible with previously explained cultivation systems (e.g., cultivation system with floating irrigation system, cultivation systems with NFT irrigation system with bothvertical or horizontal securing members). This versatility allows the apparatus 106A to be effectively integrated into various cultivation system set up, enhancing its applicability and functionality across different cultivation methodologies. In addition, for the purposes of the present invention, the term 'securing member' is defined broadly to encompass a diverse range of structural components and configurations, including but not limited to conventional gutters used in cultivation systems such as some of NFT irrigation systems.

[0183] FIG. 13A illustrates, a second mechanism of, a perspective view of the hook 1204 moving in the first half cycle, reaching to the position P1, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. Additionally, FIG. 13B illustrates, the second mechanism of, a perspective view of the hook 1204, which pulling the carriage 1206, reaching a stopper 1302, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIGS. 13 A and 13B, the track A is provided for the movement of the first chain 604A, while the track P provides guideway for the carriage 1206. The stopper 1302 may be mounted and fixed to the body 1210 of the apparatus 106 A and is configured to be operated in an extracted state 1304 when the hook 1204 slides in the first direction X1 and a retracted state 1306 when the hook 1204 slides in the second direction X2. In this regard, the drive unit 606A employs the engaging element 806 to connect with the chain A, facilitating the engagement of hook 1204 with the carriage 1206. As the carriage 1206 interacts with securing member 1202, the actuator 802 pulls the slidable member 804, which in turn moves the engaging element 806. Therefore, the drive unit 606 A pulls the chain A and the hook 1204. The hook 1204 engages with the carriage 1206. This motion causes the securing member 1202 to travel along the desired path, enabling precise and controlled movement in the direction X1; while keeping the stopper 1302 in the extracted state 1304, when the hook 1204 moves forward. This movement is controlled with high precision, ensuring that the securing member 1202 follows a predefined trajectory. The movement is monitored and adjusted in real-time by the control system 122 to accommodate any variations in load or environmental conditions, guaranteeing consistent and reliable operation.

[0184] FIG. 13C illustrates a perspective view of the hook 1204, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. The hook 1204, designed as an engaging mechanism, in the depicted embodiment is designed with an edge 1308 that extends outward in one direction from a main body 1312 of the hook 1204. The edge 1308 serves to limit the sliding movement of the carriage 1206 by engaging with a pin 1314 of the stopper 1302 in the first direction X1. The edge 1308 ensures that the carriage 1206 is constrained, preventing excessive movement and maintaining precise control over its position within the apparatus 106 A. This configuration enhances the overall stability and functionality of the hook, by providing a reliable means of limiting movement during operation. As used herein,the designation “hook” such “hook 1204” is intended to refer broadly to an engaging mechanism and should be construed to encompass any structure, component, or functional equivalent capable of performing the same engagement function, or providing similar engagement capabilities, or similar functionalities. The expressions “hook” and “engaging mechanism” are to be interpreted in their broadest reasonable sense to include, without limitation, conventional hook shapes as well as alternative structural configurations and embodiments illustrated or not illustrated herein.

[0185] FIG. 13D illustrates a perspective view of the hook 1204, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. In the depicted embodiment, the hook 1204 is designed with two edges 1310. A first edge of the two edges 1310 extends outward in one direction from the main body 1312 of the hook 1204, while a second edge of the two edges 1310 extends outward in the opposite direction from the same main body 1312. Having two edges 1310 could be considered when a mirrored stopper is present, in front of each stopper 1302 on the body 1210 of the apparatus 106 A. Therefore, at each point where the securing member 1202 needs to be stopped, two mirrored stoppers are installed throughout the apparatus 106A. In this configuration, the hook 1204 can be disengaged by two pins 1314 of the two stoppers. These opposing protrusions are strategically positioned to work together, enhancing the stability and functionality of the hook 1204.

[0186] FIG. 13E illustrates, the second mechanism of, a perspective view of the pin 1314 of the stopper 1302 constraining the movement of the hook 1204, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 13F illustrates the second mechanism of, a front view, of the pin 1314 of the stopper 1302 constraining the movement of the hook 1204, of FIG. 13E, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. The pin 1314 of the stopper 1302 restricts the movement of the hook 1204. This interaction causes the hook 1204 to undergo an upward lifting motion, which in turn leads to the disengagement of the hook 1204 from the carriage 1206. Once the disengagement occurs, the hook 1204 no longer exerts any force on the carriage 1206, causing it to stop. As a result, the carriage 1206 comes to rest at a predetermined and desired location (e.g., P1). This mechanism ensures that the carriage 1206 is accurately positioned and held in place once the hook 1204 is lifted and disconnected. The engagement and disengagement processes are designed to be smooth and precise, providing controlled stopping power at the desired location. By preventing further movement of the carriage 1206, the securing member 1202 ensures that it remains stationary, which is crucial for subsequent operations or adjustments. The design of the stopper 1302 and its interaction with the hook 1204 adds an important layer of control, stability, and repeatability to the system, enhancing its overall performance and reliability in achieving exact positioning. The stopper 1302 can function in manual, semi-automatic, or fully automatic modes, depending on the systemrequirements. For instance, in the case of automatic operation, the stopper 1302 is communicatively connected to the control system 122, enabling precise control over its function. Through this connection, the control system 122 can activate or adjust the operation of the pin 1314 within the stopper 1302, ensuring it moves as needed to engage or disengage. This integration allows for seamless and efficient operation, as the stopper 1302 can respond to system signals without manual intervention, providing greater flexibility and consistency in the overall performance of the system 100. It should be noted that all the mentioned characteristics of the control system 122 are applicable to all stoppers mounted in the apparatus 106 A. Further, it is to be noted that the apparatus 106A in the depicted embodiment can be configured with the control system 122 and the electrical system. The operational aspects of the apparatus 106A, when configured with the control system 122 and electrical system, are discussed above with reference to FIGS. 6A-6I, and are not reiterated here for brevity.

[0187] FIGS. 13G-13I illustrate, the second mechanism of, a schematic representation of the hook 1204 moving backward towards position P1 , and the stopper 1302 operated in the retracted state 1306, as the second half cycle, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. When the hook 1204 moves backward toward position P1, the stopper 1302 operates in its retracted state 1306. In other words, the pin 1314 of the stopper 1302 moves inside the stopper 1302 when the hook 1204 moves backward and does not engage with the pin 1314 of the stopper 1302. Now the cycle is completed. It should be noted that when the hook 1204 moves backward, it slightly passes the edge of the carriage 1206 (or the carriage) to engage with it during the subsequent forward movement. To advance the carriage 1206 and the securing member 1202, the hook 1204 initiates a new cycle by moving forward, engaging with the carriage 1206, and propelling it forward. This process continues, thereby allowing a single securing member to travel from the point A to the point C through numerous cycles. Another example of working of the stopper 1302 is explained below with reference to FIGS. 13K to 13M.

[0188] FIGS. 13J-13P illustrate, a third mechanism of, a front view of the hook 1204 engaging with a constraining plate 1325 of a carriage 1321, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. The design of the carriage 1321 of the depicted embodiment is different from the carriage 1206 discussed with reference to FIGS. 12A-12G and 13A-13I. In the depicted embodiment, the carriage 1321 is equipped with the constraining plate 1325 at a top surface 1327 thereof. The constraining plate 1325 is designed to engage with the pin 1314, thereby restricting the sliding movement of the carriage 1321 in the first direction X1. This design ensures that the carriage 1321 can only move within the predetermined limits, in the first direction X1, defined by the engagement of the constraining plate 1325 with the hook 1204.

[0189] As shown in FIG. 13J, as the first half cycle (i.e., reaching at position P1), the hook 1204 engages with the constraining plate 1325 of the carriage 1321. The constraining plate 1325 is not fixed in place but is capable of moving up and down or partially rotating along a rotational axis A (as depicted in FIG. 13K). When the carriage 1321 reaches the stopper 1302 (see, FIGS. 13L and 13M), the pin 1314 of the stopper 1302 which is in its extended state 1304 engages with the constraining plate 1325 of the carriage 1321. This causes the pin 1314 to push the constraining plate 1325 downward. Subsequently, the chains 602 (along with the hook 1204) continue to move forward in the first direction X1 until reaching position P2 or any position ahead of position P1, but no longer engaging with the carriage 1321. Therefore, the carriage 1321 and the securing member 1202 stay at position P1, since there is no engagement between the constraining plate 1325 and the hook 1204.

[0190] As shown in FIG. 13N, in the second half cycle (i.e., from position P2 to P1), the chains 602 moves backward (i.e., in the second direction X2), the hook 1204 does not engage with the constraining plate 1325. It should be noted that when the hook 1204 moves backward, it slightly passes the constraining plate 1325 (or the carriage 1321) to engage with it during the subsequent forward movement. Now, in the next cycle (i.e., new cycle), as depicted in FIG. 130, the pin 1314 retracts into the body of the stopper 1302, disengaging from the constraining plate 1325. This allows the hook 1204 and carriage 1321 to re-engage and continue moving forward (i.e., in the first direction X1). Any of the hooks can engage with the constraining plate 1325 when reaching the carriage 1321. During this part of the cycle, after a predetermined period, the pin 1314 extends from the body of the stopper 1302 as the chains 602 move forward. The extraction period for the pin 1314 in every single stopper in the Apparatus is predefined and can be stored and controlled within the control system 122.

[0191] Additionally, the design of the constraining plate 1325 can be customized in terms of shape (e.g., rectangular, square, etc.), material, and size to accommodate different load requirements, operational conditions, and desired movement ranges. This versatility enhances the overall functionality of the carriage 1321, providing flexibility while maintaining stability and control of the apparatus 106A.

[0192] FIGS. 13Q-13S illustrate a front view of a stopper 1348, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. The stopper 1348 is configured with the pin 1314 connected to a cable 1354 and configured to constrain a plate 1350. As shown in FIG. 13Q, the pin 1314 is linked to the cable 1354, which can be either rigid or flexible, depending on the specific design requirements and operational conditions. The mechanism of the stopper 1348 can be configured to operate through mechanical means, electronic controls, or a combination of both. In a mechanical setup, the movement of the pin 1314 can be driven by physical linkages or manual adjustments. In an electronicconfiguration, the movement of the pin 1314 can be automated using motors, sensors, or actuators for more precise and responsive control. A hybrid approach that combines mechanical components with electronic systems offers additional flexibility, enabling the mechanism to adapt to varying operational demands and ensuring greater efficiency, reliability, and ease of use.

[0193] Referring to FIGS. 13Q and 13S, when the cable 1354 is moved in the first direction X1 by a predetermined interval, the pin 1314 is displaced downward. This motion causes the pin 1314 to rotate around a pivotal member 1356, enabling the pin 1314 to descend along its intended path. As the pin 1314 rotates around the pivotal member 1356, its downward movement is facilitated, allowing it to engage or disengage with the constraining plate 1325 of the carriage 1321 as needed. This mechanism enables the downward movement of the constraining plate 1325 when engaging with the pin 1314. This interaction ensures the carriage 1321 halts at a predetermined location, facilitating precise positioning of the securing member 1202. This design ensures smooth, controlled motion and allows for precise positioning of the securing member 1202, by preventing the hook 1204 from pushing the constraining plate 1325 of the carriage 1321 any further. This configuration contributes to the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the stopper 1348, offering reliable performance in operating the hook 1202. This mechanism is an alternative to the stopper 1348 and the pin 1314 depicted in FIGS. 13A-13P. In addition, it should be noted that numerous innovative mechanism designs for the apparatus 106 A have been described, including those illustrated in FIGS. 2, 10, 12A- 12G, and 13A-13P.

[0194] FIG. 14 illustrates a front view of a scissor mechanism 1402 connected to the securing members 104 A, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the securing members 104A are interconnected through the scissor mechanism 1402, enabling coordinated movement and adjustment. In the depicted configuration, a first securing member 1404 of the securing members 104A is connected to a first carriage 1406, which is designed to engage a hook 1405. Similarly, a last securing member 1408 of the securing members 104A is connected to a last carriage 1410, which is designed to engage to a hook 1412. The carriage of an intermediate securing member 1414, which is between the first securing member 1404 and the last securing member 1408 of the securing members 104A, does not have an edge or the constraining plate 1325. This condition applies for the whole intermediate securing member(s) between the first securing member 1404 and the last securing member 1408. As the distance between the first carriage 1406 and the last carriage 1410 increases by means of the chains 602, the distance between each of the connected securing members (e.g., the first securing member 1404, the last securing member 1408, and the intermediate securing member 1414) increases by the scissor mechanism 1402. It is important to notethat, while the depicted example shows three securing members, a person skilled in the art would recognize that the number of securing members 104A are not limited to three and can be more, depending on the requirements of the system 100. This flexibility allows for customization and scalability of the system 100 to accommodate various operational needs. It should be noted that this functionality and arrangement can also be used for the first mechanism described in FIG. 12A-12I.

[0195] The scissor mechanism 1402 operates based on a set of crossed arms 1416 that are pivotally connected. The set of crossed arms 1416 works together to provide a consistent and controlled movement of the securing members 104A, ensuring that as one securing member moves (e.g., the first securing member 1404), the others (i.e., the intermediate securing member 1414 and the last securing member 1408) adjust in a synchronized manner. The pivotal joints in the set of crossed arms 1416 allow for the expansion and contraction of the securing members 104 A, maintaining smooth operation while ensuring that the spacing remains uniform and proportional.

[0196] This arrangement reduces the requirement of carriages with edge(s) or the constraining plate(s) 1325, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency and smoothness of the chains 602 by enabling simultaneous and proportional spacing adjustments between all the securing members 104A. It also minimizes the number of carriages that need to engage with the hooks, reducing complexity and improving the overall functionality. Furthermore, the length of the set of crossed arms 1416, in the scissor mechanism 1402, and the number of the set of crossed arms 1416 between each adjacent securing members can be customized to suit specific design needs or operational conditions. Additionally, it is important to note that the size of the crossed arms 1416 in each scissor mechanism 1402 can vary, offering further flexibility. This variation enables the system 100 to be configured to diverse applications of the cultivation system 100, ensuring that various components of the apparatus 106A (e.g., chains 602) function efficiently. The ability to adjust the length and size of the crossed arms 1416 and the number of the set of crossed arms 1416 between each adjacent securing members contributes to the overall scalability, flexibility and versatility of the cultivation system 100. The scissor mechanism 1402, with the set of crossed arms 1416, offers a reliable and scalable solution for controlling the positioning and spacing of the securing members 104A within the engaging mechanism 1102. It should be noted that the scissor mechanism used in the depicted embodiment can interconnect the carriages of securing members 104A instead of utilizing pivots on securing members 104A, or a combination of both configurations, thereby achieving the same result. Alternatively, a plurality of scissor mechanisms, including two or more, may be connected to the securing members 104A. Additionally, the plurality of scissor mechanisms may also be designed to consider the possibility of connecting at least three sets of securing members (not shown in FIG. 14). In thisscenario, the right securing member of the securing members 104 A, as depicted in FIG. 14, could act as the last securing member 1408 of an adjacent set of securing members 104 A, which are also interconnected by a scissor mechanism. These sets of securing members would be positioned to the right of the securing members 104 A. Similarly, the left securing member of the securing members 104 A, as shown in FIG. 14, may serve as the first securing member 1404 of a neighboring set of securing members 104 A, interconnected by the scissor mechanism. These sets would be located on the left side of the securing members 104A. This arrangement can also be applied to the carriages, ensuring similar functionality and connectivity within the system 100. Furthermore, this description, which outlines how each set of securing members can be interconnected, is also applicable to FIG. 15, where instead of the scissor mechanism, an elastic member is used.

[0197] FIG. 15 illustrates a front view of an elastic member 1502 connected to the securing members 104A, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. In this configuration, a first securing member 1504 of the securing members 104A is connected to a first carriage 1506, which is designed to engage with a hook 1505. Likewise, a last securing member 1508 of the securing members 104A is connected to a last carriage 1510, which is designed to engage with a hook 1512. As the distance between the first carriage 1506 and the last carriage 1510 increases by means of the chains 602, the distance between each of the connected securing members (e.g., the first securing member 1504, the last securing member 1508, and the intermediate securing member 1514) increases by the elastic member 1502. The first carriage 1506 and the last carriage 1510 can be engaged with any of the hooks. When the pin 1314 of the stopper 1302 is retracted and does not engage with the hooks, one or more hooks can pass without interacting with the pin 1314 of the stopper 1302. It is important to note that, while the depicted example shows three securing members, a person skilled in the art would recognize that the number of securing members 104A is not limited to three and can be more, depending on the requirements of the system 100. This flexibility allows for customization and scalability of the system 100 to accommodate various operational needs.

[0198] The elastic member 1502 plays a vital role in maintaining the proper spacing between the securing members 104A as they move. The elastic member 1502 provides a flexible yet controlled resistance to the movement of the securing members 104 A, ensuring that as the first carriage 1506 and the last carriage 1510 are pulled apart, the intermediate securing members (i.e., the intermediate securing member 1514) also adjust in tandem. The elastic member 1502 absorbs and distributes the forces exerted by the movement of the chains 602, allowing for smooth and consistent spacing adjustments across all securing members 104A. This functionality reduces the engaging mechanism between the hooks and the carriages and mechanical strain on the apparatus 106 A, ensuring long-termdurability and efficiency. It should be noted that this functionality and arrangement can also be used for the first mechanism described in FIGS. 12A-12I.

[0199] The elastic member 1502 may be made from materials such as rubber, springs, or other flexible, high-resilience materials, which are selected based on the desired tension and the operational characteristics of the securing members 104A. By incorporating an elastic member 1502, the engaging mechanism 1102 gains the ability to dynamically adjust the varying operational loads, providing flexibility and improving the overall reliability and performance of the arrangement of the system 100. It should be noted that an elastic mechanism used in the depicted embodiment can interconnect the carriages of securing members 104A instead of utilizing pivots on securing members 104A, or a combination of both configurations, thereby achieving the same result. Without deviating from the scope of the disclosure, it is possible for the elastic member 1502 to be made from any suitable materials, mechanical components, mechanisms or any combination thereof. This elastic member is designed to be capable of compression, expansion, or both, depending on the requirements of the specific application. The materials used may include but are not limited to elastomers, rubber, springs, or other flexible materials, allowing the elastic member to adapt to various mechanical loads or forces. This flexibility in material choice ensures optimal performance across a wide range of condition. Additionally, the plurality of elastic members may also be designed to consider the possibility of connecting at least three sets of securing members (not shown in FIG. 15). In this scenario, the right securing member of the securing members 104 A, as depicted in FIG. 15, could act as the last securing member 1508 of an adjacent set of securing members 104A, which are also interconnected by an elastic member. These sets of securing members would be positioned to the right of the securing members 104A. Similarly, the left securing member of the securing members 104 A, as shown in FIG. 15, may serve as the first securing member 1504 of a neighboring set of securing members 104A, interconnected by the elastic member. These sets would be located on the left side of the securing members 104 A. This arrangement can also be applied to the carriages, ensuring similar functionality and connectivity within the system 100.

[0200] Various embodiments of the disclosure, as discussed above, may be practiced with steps and / or operations in a different order, and / or with hardware elements in configurations, which are different than those which are disclosed. Therefore, although the disclosure has been described based on these exemplary embodiments, it is noted that certain modifications, variations, and alternative constructions may be apparent and well within the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

[0201] Although various exemplary embodiments of the disclosure are described herein in a language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, the subject matter defined in theappended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as exemplary forms of implementing the claims. Without limiting the scope of the disclosure, various components of the cultivation system 100, including but not limited to the apparatus 106A, the hooks 108A, the chains 602, the drive unit 606A, and others, can be constructed from the same material as the securing members 104 A, as long as the project specifications and performance requirements are met. This approach can offer benefits such as uniformity in material properties, cost-efficiency, and streamlined manufacturing, ensuring consistency across the components of the cultivation system 100 while still meeting the necessary functional criteria.PART LISTREFERENCE NUMBER PART NAME cultivation system / system102A, 102B, ... ., 102N one or more irrigation pools (chambers) / irrigation pools (chambers)104 A, 104B, ... . , 104N one or more sets of securing members / sets of securing members106A, 106B, ... ., 106N one or more apparatuses / apparatuses108 A, 108B, ... ., 108N one or more sets of hooks (engaging mechanisms)110 vegetation fluid112 plant / plants (vegetation)114A, 114B, 114C, ... ., 114N one or more cultivation blocks / cultivation blocks (cultivation unit)116, 118 towers (vertical stacks / vertical growing structure / vertical cultivation module) 120A, 120B, ... , 120N one or more lighting units / lighting units 122 control system124A, 124B, ...., 124N one or more heating units / heating units 126A, 126B, ...., 126N one or more cooling units / cooling units 128A, 128B, ...., 128N one or more ventilation units / ventilation units 130 robotic unit202 covering member204A preparation zone204B spacing zone204C final zone205 cultivation zone206A first track / track A (guiding element)206B second track / track B (guiding element)208A start point of the preparation zone / point A208B start point of the spacing zone / point B208C end point of the final zone / point C208D end point of the spacing zone / point D210A first portion of the apparatus210B second portion of the apparatus210C third portion of the apparatus302 inlet304 outlet402 at least one securing member / securing member404 A, 404B, , ..., 404N plurality of holes406 top wall408 plurality of constraining walls502 plant holder (vegetation holder)602 chains (linkage elements)604A first chain / chain A (linkage element)604B second chain / chain B (linkage element)606A, 606B, 606N one or more drive units607 spring608 first set of bearings (motion-facilitating element / support element)610 first pin612 second set of bearings (motion-facilitating element / support element)614 second pin616L first left bearing (motion-facilitating element / support element)616R first right bearing (motion-facilitating element / support element)618L second left bearing (motion-facilitating element / support element)618R second right bearing (motion-facilitating element / support element)702 hook (engaging mechanism)704U upper region of the hook (engaging mechanism)704L lower region of the hook (engaging mechanism)706 engaging part708 pair of protruding portions710 pair of holes712 rectangular portion (portion)714 rectangular hole (hole)802 actuator804 slidable member806 engaging element808 end portion of the slidable member900 cultivation block902 water inlet (fluid inlet)904 water outlet (fluid outlet)906 hoses (fluid conduit)908 first side of the securing members910 second side of the securing members1002 securing member1003 securing member1004 channel of the securing member1005 plurality of securing members1202 securing member1204 hook (engaging mechanism)1206 carriage (movable support member / transport member)1208 third track / track P1210 body of the apparatus1212 new carriage1214 new securing member1302 stopper1304 extracted state1306 retracted state1308 edge1310 two edges1312 main body1314 pin of the stopper1321 carriage (movable support member / transport member)1325 constraining plate1327 top surface (top surface of the carriage)1348 stopper1350 plate1354 cable1356 pivotal member1402 scissor mechanism1404 first securing member1405 hook (engaging mechanism)1406 first carriage (movable support member / transport member)1408 last securing member1410 last carriage (movable support member / transport member)1412 hook1414 intermediate securing member1416 set of crossed arms1502 elastic member1504 first securing member1505 hook (engaging mechanism)1506 first carriage (movable support member / transport member)1508 last securing member1510 last carriage (movable support member / transport member)1512 hook (engaging mechanism)1514 intermediate securing member zone J region of the spacing zoneH1first substantially uniform heightH2second variable heightH3third substantially uniform heightR directionY directionV1first predetermined heightV2second predetermined height θ1first angle θ2second angleP1initial positionP2new positionX1first directionX2second directionA rotational axisunintended movement. When the Apparatus chain initiates forward motion, the Carriage automatically disengages from the Apparatus's body, allowing unrestricted movement.J- Material

[0290] Materials, all the materials of each component can be same material as before, as described in the previous sections, e.g. section 7.K- Mechanism-3 and the ACTIVE PIN: (similar to Mechanism 1, with different shape and design of APPARATUS)

[0291] As outlined throughout this invention, the apparatus and overall system design may vary while maintaining consistent functionality, specially the limitless spacing feature. This section introduces an alternative design similar to Mechanism-l's functionality. In this version, the apparatus and carriage feature distinct structural designs but preserve the previously described capabilities.

[0292] In Mechanism-3, the Apparatus may adopt a W-beam structural design and include Track-A and Track-P, as shown in Figures 51-a, Figures 51-b, Figures 51-c.

[0293] Cover-of-the-Apparatus 2 may be optionally excluded to improve operator access to Track-A, Track- P, and other internal components.

[0294] Same as the Mechanism 1 and 2, the Hook, intend to be in lower position. Therefore, when moving forward, the Hook engages with the Carriage-Edge.

[0295] The design of the hook can be different, the functionality is important.

[0296] The location of the hoses and Water-inlet can be anywhere, as long as they supply water from top part of each Gutter. The water goes down of each gutter and enters the Water-Outlet.

[0297] The carriage features a new design, with each bearing on either side following Track-P on each side of the Apparatus. Each Carriage bearing is connected to Carriage-Edge 62, which engages with the Hook-S when the Hook moves forward. [Figure 51-b, Figure 51-c].

[0298] Track-A may be duplicated, as illustrated in Figures 51-b, Figures 51-c. If additional Track-A is optional, obviously no additional Chain-S is required.

[0299] Mechanisms 1, 2, and 3, along with components like Pull Units, Push Units, and Stoppers, can be managed by any control systems or combinations thereof as previously described in the previous sections.How mechanism 3 works:

[0300] We propose a novel mechanism that pulls the Carriage forward and facilitates the spacing process. In each cycle, and in each first-half-cycle, the Chain-S moves forward, and as it does, the Hook-S reaches the edge (the Carriage-Edge 62; or a plate) of the Carriage, engaging with it to drive the Carriage forward.

[0301] During the first-half-cycle, while the Chain-S moves forward, the STOPPER is actuated, and the PIN of the STOPPER extends outward from the STOPPER'S body. In this extended configuration, as the Chain-S continues to advance and the Hook-S approaches the extended PIN, the Edge-59 of the Hook-S engages with the PIN. This engagement causes an upward lifting motion of the Hook-S, resulting in the disengagement of the Hook-S from the Carriage. Once disengaged, the Hook-S ceases to pull the Carriage, allowing the Carriage to stop at a predetermined and desired location [Figures 52],INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (RULE 20.6)

[0302] In the second-half-cycle, when the Chain-S retracts and moves in the reverse direction, the PIN of the STOPPER retracts back into the STOPPER'S body. In this retracted state, the Edge-59 of the Hook- S no longer engages with the STOPPER PIN, and as mentioned earlier, the Hook-S remains disengaged from the Carriage during the backward motion [Figures 53-a, Figures 53-b].

[0303] When the Chain-S initiates its subsequent forward cycle (hereinafter referred to as "Cycle 2"), Chain- S advances in a forward direction, thereby engaging with and pulling Carriage P1 via Hook S. As a result, Carriage P1 departs from Position P1.

[0304] Upon the commencement of the forward movement of Chain-S, the STOPPER may initially remain retracted within the body of the Stopper. Following a predefined short interval, the PIN of the STOPPER extends outward from the body of the STOPPER as Chain-S moves forward. The specific timing of each PIN extension can be independently controlled and adjusted as required.

[0305] In summary, during the forward movement of each first-half-cycle, the ACTIVE PIN extends outward from the STOPPER, allowing the Edge of the Hook-S to interact with the PIN and disengage from the Carriage at a specific point. When the Chain-S moves in reverse (in the second-half-cycle), the PIN retracts, preventing any further engagement between the Hook-S and the STOPPER PIN. This configuration allows precise control over where the Carriage stops during each cycle.

[0306] Through the described mechanism, the Carriage is moved incrementally forward with each operational cycle, allowing for continuous, repeated movement. The mechanism is designed such that the Carriage's forward motion occurs at the completion of each individual cycle, with no limit on the number of cycles that can be performed. This design enables indefinite cyclic operation, ensuring sustained and reliable movement of the Carriage without restrictions on the cycle count. The Carriage, with the attached Gutter, moves from Point-A to Point-C along Direction R. Its movement is driven by the Chain-S, which moves forward and backward (bidirectionally) through Pull units and / or Push Units, enabling precise positioning of each specific Carriage and the attached Gutter.

[0307] It shall mentioned that all the Apparatus described in this invention can be used for both vertical Gutters (Green Walls); or when the Gutters are positioned in a horizontal manner, as described at the beginning of this invention. In addition, all the described Apparatuses can be utilized in other existing or future cultivation systems available on the market, if technically possible.

[0308] In general, by combination of various designs of Apparatus, Gutter, Pull Unit, Push Units, Carriage, Stopper and other described components, this invention propose practically large number of combinations, which all result in the desired functionality of this system. One of the goal and functionality of the system is to have limitless spacing, based on desired distances between the Gutters. For instance, in one possible design configuration, Apparatus 1 may include two pull units positioned at the beginning and end, which enable forward and backward movement of Chain-S. The Apparatus 1, may benefit from Mechanism 1, Mechanism 2, or Mechanism 3. The quantity and placement of pull units (or push units) can vary according to project requirements, and the design of the pull units, arms, and ciackers can be tailored to each project's specifications. As mentioned before, this Apparatus can be applied to all types of limitless spacing cultivation systems described in this and previous inventions, as well as other existing or future cultivation systems available on the market. Figure 52 illustrates this configuration, and the cover of the apparatus may or may not extend over the beginning and end of the apparatus.

[0309] In the apparatus, the previously described W-beam shape may also be mentioned as an H-beam shape. Additionally, the entire mechanism and Carriage are designed with symmetrical patterns,INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (RULE 20.6)enabling an alternative configuration that utilizes only one side of the Apparatus. In this configuration, the Carriage would be adjusted to accommodate the change, with only one Track-A and one Track-P required. The primary structure of the apparatus in this design would utilize a channel-shaped beam, instead of W-shape beam.

[0310] It should be noted that various means may be employed to drive Chain-S, including but not limited to Pull Units (as described), motors, motors with cables, mechanical arms, electronic arms, actuators, or any other power-generating components capable of pushing or pulling. The selection, type, combination, and number of these components can be adapted as needed to meet specific design and operational requirements.INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE (RULE 20.6)

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on March 16, 2026 (16.03.2026)CLAIMS1. A cultivation system comprising: one or more securing members (gutters) configured to support one or more plants; an apparatus configured to move the securing members along a cultivation path, the apparatus comprising: a first guiding element (track A) and a second guiding element (track B) extending along the cultivation path; a first linkage element (chain A) configured to move along the first guiding element (track A) and a second linkage element (chain B) configured to move along the second guiding element (track B), wherein the first linkage element and the second linkage element are pivotally coupled to one another; one or more drive units configured to move the first linkage element and the second linkage element along the respective guiding elements; and one or more engaging mechanisms (hooks) configured to couple the linkage elements with the securing members; wherein the second guiding element includes a spacing- defining portion in which the second guiding element is oriented relative to the first guiding element such that the guiding elements are non- parallel, thereby causing spacing between adjacent securing members to progressively increase during movement along the cultivation path. wherein the spacing between adjacent securing members increases automatically during movement through the spacing-defining portion due to the relative orientation of the guiding elements, without repositioning the securing members relative to the linkage elements.

2. The cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the second guiding element comprises a first portion extending substantially parallel to the first guiding element, a second portion extending at an angular orientation relative to the first guiding element to define the spacing- defining portion, and a third portion extending substantially parallel to the first guiding element, wherein the first portion defines a preparation zone, the second portion defines a spacing zone, and the third portion defines a final zone, wherein the securing members move sequentially through the preparation zone, the spacing zone, and the final zone, and wherein the spacing zonecomprises one or more sub-zones in which the relative orientation between the guiding elements varies to define different spacing patterns between securing members.

3. The cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the engaging mechanisms (hooks) are configured to engage the securing members so as to transmit movement from the linkage elements to the securing members along the cultivation path.

4. The cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the securing members comprise plant support members configured to hold plant substrates.

5. The cultivation system according to claim 4, wherein each securing member comprises a plurality of openings arranged along a length thereof and configured to removably secure plants6. The cultivation system according to claim 1, further comprising irrigation pools (chambers) configured to contain vegetation fluid and to support the securing members in a floating state, wherein the vegetation fluid provides full, partial, or no buoyant support to the securing members.

7. The cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein spacing between the securing members increases automatically during movement along the spacing-defining portion, the spacing being determined by relative geometry of the guiding elements and occurring during transport without repositioning the securing members relative to the linkage elements.

8. The cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the linkage elements comprise chains (linkage elements) configured to move along the guiding elements, and wherein the linkage elements further comprise motion-facilitating elements (bearings) configured to move along the guiding elements.

9. The cultivation system according to claim 1, further comprising a control system configured to control operation of the cultivation system, wherein the control system is configured to operate lighting units, ventilation units, heating units, cooling units, or robotic units configured to support plant cultivation.

10. The cultivation system according to claim 1 , further comprising a water inlet and water outlet configured to circulate irrigation fluid, wherein the cultivation system comprises a floating irrigation system or a nutrient film technique irrigation system.

11. The cultivation system according to claim 2, wherein the spacing zone comprises portions in which the guiding elements extend substantially parallel such that spacing between securing members remains unchanged.

12. The cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation system comprises an irrigation system configured to supply and optionally circulate vegetation fluid configured to support plant growth to the plants, the irrigation system including a floating irrigation system in which the securing members (gutters) float on vegetation fluid within irrigation pools, a nutrient film technique irrigation system, or another irrigation system configured to deliver vegetation fluid to the plants, and wherein the cultivation path extends in a horizontal, vertical, or inclined direction relative to the ground, and wherein the securing members (gutters) extend in a horizontal, vertical, or inclined orientation relative to the ground during movement along the cultivation path.

13. The cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation system comprises two or more cultivation areas arranged sequentially, vertically, or in a combination thereof relative to one another, thereby forming a multilayer cultivation system, wherein securing members are transferable between the cultivation areas.

14. The cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus further comprises a movable support member (transport member, carriage) configured to move along a guide member (guide rail, third track) separate from tracks guiding the linkage elements, the movable support member being movable between a first position ( P1) and a second position (P2).

15. The cultivation system according to claim 14, wherein an engaging mechanism comprising a hook coupled to the linkage elements (chains) selectively engages the movable support member and advances the movable support member from the first position to the second position during forward movement of the linkage elements.

16. The cultivation system according to claim 15, wherein the engaging mechanism disengages from the movable support member after the movable support member reaches the second position, wherein the movable support member remains at the second position while the engaging mechanism moves away with the linkage elements during return movement.

17. The cultivation system according to claim 16, wherein successive engagement cycles advance movable support members incrementally along the guide member, wherein the engaging mechanism returns to a position upstream of the first position (P1) during return movement of the linkage elements so as to enable engagement with a subsequent movable support member during a subsequent forward movement.

18. The cultivation system according to claim 17, wherein the movable support member supports a securing member configured to carry plants such that the movable support member enters the guide member at an upstream portion of the cultivation path, and the securing member supported by the movable support member is transported stepwise from a preparation zone through a spacing zone toward a final zone.

19. A cultivation system comprising: one or more securing members (gutters) configured to support one or more plants; a first guiding element (chain track) extending along a cultivation path; linkage elements (chains) configured to move along the first guiding element; engaging mechanisms (hooks) coupled to the linkage elements (chains); a second guiding element (guide rail, carriage track) extending along the cultivation path and separate from the first guiding element; a movable support member (carriage) configured to move along the second guiding element and configured to support at least one securing member (gutter); wherein the engaging mechanisms (hooks) are configured to engage the movable support member (carriage) so as to advance the movable support member along the second guiding element during movement of the linkage elements (chains); and wherein spacing between securing members is defined by stopper elements positioned along the second guiding element.

20. The cultivation system according to claim 19, wherein stopper elements (stopper pins) positioned along the second guiding element are configured to interact with the engaging mechanisms (hooks) such that the stopper pins constrain movement of the engaging mechanisms and cause disengagement of the engaging mechanisms from the movable support member (carriage); and wherein the movable support member (carriage) comprises an engagement portion including a constraining plate configured to interact with the stopper elements (stopper pins) such that interaction between the constraining plate and the stopper pins causes disengagement of the engaging mechanisms (hooks) from the movable support member.

21. The cultivation system according to claim 19, wherein the linkage elements (chains) are configured to move in a reciprocating motion comprising a forward movement and a return movement along the first guiding element, wherein the engaging mechanisms (hooks) engage the movable support member (carriage) during the forward movement so as to advance the movable support member along the second guiding element, and wherein during the forward movement the engaging mechanisms (hooks) interact with a stopper element (stopper pin) positioned along the cultivation path such that the stopper pin constrains the movement of the engaging mechanism and causes disengagement of the engaging mechanism from the movable support member.

22. The cultivation system according to claim 19, wherein the movable support member (carriage) comprises an engagement portion configured to be engaged by the engaging mechanisms (hooks), the engagement portion including an interaction edge and / or a constraining plate.

23. The cultivation system according to claim 22, wherein the constraining plate is configured to interact with the stopper element (stopper pin) such that interaction between the stopper element and the constraining plate causes disengagement of the engaging mechanisms (hooks) from the movable support member (carriage).

24. The cultivation system according to claim 19, wherein spacing between securing members (gutters) is defined by a spacing mechanism connecting a plurality of securing members and / or movable support members (carriages), the spacing mechanism comprising a scissor mechanism including crossed arms pivotally connected to one another and / or an elastic member connectingadjacent securing members and / or movable support members, such that spacing between the securing members increases during movement along the cultivation path.

25. The cultivation system according to claim 24, wherein the scissor mechanism connects a plurality of securing members and / or movable support members forming a group, and wherein a terminal securing member and / or movable support member of the group is connected to a securing member and / or movable support member of a neighboring group through a separate scissor mechanism.

26. The cultivation system according to claim 25, wherein the terminal securing member and / or movable support member is connected to two scissor mechanisms, one scissor mechanism connecting members within the group and another scissor mechanism connecting the group to the neighboring group.

27. The cultivation system according to claim 24, wherein the spacing mechanism comprises one or more elastic members connecting adjacent securing members and / or movable support members, the elastic members being configured to stretch during movement, such that multiple elastic members form a flexible spacing system connecting multiple securing members and / or movable support members.

28. The cultivation system according to claim 24, wherein a first movable support member and a last movable support member of a group are configured to be engaged by the engaging mechanisms (hooks) through an engagement portion including an interaction edge and / or a constraining plate, and wherein intermediate movable support members are spaced relative to one another by the scissor mechanism or the elastic member, such that movement of the movable support members along the cultivation path causes groups of securing members to expand progressively relative to one another, thereby increasing spacing between adjacent securing members during operation of the cultivation system.STATEMENT UNDER ARTICLE 19(1)The Applicant respectfully submits amended claims and the following statement under Article 19(1) PCT in response to the Written Opinion dated 16 January 2026. The amendments clarify structural and functional features already disclosed in the application as filed and do not introduce new matter. These clarifications further distinguish the claimed cultivation system from the cited prior art, particularly US20120279122A1 (“D1”) and W02020128151A1 (“D2”).The amended independent claim now explicitly defines a cultivation apparatus comprising a first track and a second track that are structurally distinct, with the second track including a spacing - defining portion that is angularly oriented relative to the first track. This non-parallel geometry causes the spacing between adjacent securing members to progressively increase during movement. D1 discloses conveyors arranged in parallel but does not teach or suggest guiding elements configured to generate progressive spacing through non-parallel track geometry.The amended claim also defines a first chain and a second chain that are pivotally coupled at a coupling joint, enabling articulation relative to the track geometry. DI discloses synchronized conveyors but does not disclose linkage elements pivotally coupled so as to articulate relative to non-parallel track geometry in the manner defined in the amended claims.The amended claim further specifies hooks configured for directional engagement, engaging securing members during movement in a first direction and disengaging during movement in a second direction, optionally through interaction with a stopper pin. D1 discloses static hangers that do not disengage based on direction of movement and do not interact with a stopper mechanism. D2 likewise does not disclose directional engagement or disengagement of hooks as defined in the amended claims.The amended dependent claims further clarify several features that the International Searching Authority has already recognized as novel. Claim 8 defines motion-facilitating elements (bearings) configured to move along the guiding elements. Claims 14-18 define embodiments including movable support members (carriages) moving along a separate guiding element. Claims 19-23 define interaction between engaging mechanisms and stopper elements configured to control disengagement of hooks from movable support members. Claims 24-28 definespacing mechanisms including scissor mechanisms or elastic members connecting securing members or movable support members.Neither D1 nor D2 teaches or suggests combining non-parallel track geometry, pivotally coupled chains configured to articulate relative to the track geometry, directional hook engagement, stopper-based control, and spacing mechanisms such as scissor or elastic members. The amended claims define a coordinated mechanical system that achieves automatic spacing and controlled engagement in a manner not disclosed or suggested in the cited prior art.For these reasons, the amended claims are considered novel under Article 33(2) PCT and involve an inventive step under Article 33(3) PCT.

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