Glass for vehicles

Abstract

The present invention improves water blocking performance at a boundary part between a transmission member and a frame member without inhibiting wiping by a wiper. This glass for vehicles is provided with: a glass member (10) in which an opening (19) penetrating from a surface on a first direction side to a surface on a second direction side that is opposite to the first direction is formed; and a far-infrared transmission unit (U) which is disposed inside the opening (19). The far-infrared transmission unit (U) is provided with a transmission member (20) that transmits far-infrared rays, and a frame member (30) that holds the transmission member (20). In the thickness direction of the transmission member (20), the level difference (D1) between a surface (20A) on the first direction side of the transmission member (20) and a surface (30A) on the first direction side of the frame member (30) is 0.3 mm or less, and the outer peripheral part of the transmission member (20) and the inner peripheral part of the frame member (30) are bonded to each other by the intermediary of an adhesive layer (60) that has a thickness of 100 µm or less.

Description

Vehicle glass

[0001] This invention relates to vehicle glass.

[0002] Various sensors may be installed on vehicles such as automobiles to improve their safety. Examples of sensors installed on vehicles include cameras, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), millimeter-wave radar, and infrared sensors.

[0003] Infrared radiation is classified into near-infrared (e.g., wavelengths 0.83 μm to 2 μm), mid-infrared (e.g., wavelengths 3 μm to 5 μm), and far-infrared (e.g., wavelengths 8 μm to 13 μm) based on its wavelength range. Infrared sensors that detect these infrared rays include touch sensors, near-infrared cameras, and LiDAR for the near-infrared, gas analysis and mid-infrared spectroscopy (functional group analysis) for the mid-infrared, and night vision and thermoviewers (hereinafter referred to as far-infrared cameras) for the far-infrared.

[0004] By installing a far-infrared camera inside the vehicle, specifically within the wiper's operating area, the camera is protected by the window glass, and dirt and other contaminants can be wiped away, thus ensuring robustness, water resistance, and dust resistance. However, vehicle windows typically do not transmit far-infrared rays with wavelengths of 8 μm to 13 μm. Therefore, Patent Document 1 discloses a structure in which a through-hole is made in a part of the window glass, and a far-infrared transmitting unit, in which a far-infrared transmitting member is held by a frame member, is placed in the through-hole.

[0005] International Publication No. 2021 / 182290

[0006] To avoid hindering wiper operation, it is preferable that there is no step between the far-infrared transmitting member and the frame member on the exterior surface of the vehicle, or that the step is as small as possible. When reducing the step, it is difficult to adopt a structure in which the outer edge of the surface of the transmitting member is covered by the frame member, so the boundary between the transmitting member and the frame member is exposed on the exterior surface of the vehicle. When the boundary between the transmitting member and the frame member is exposed to the outside of the vehicle, it becomes difficult to prevent water and other substances from entering.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and aims to provide vehicle glass that can improve watertightness at the boundary between the transparent member and the frame member without hindering wiping by the wiper.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the objective, the vehicle glass according to this disclosure comprises a glass member having an opening formed therein that penetrates from the surface on the first direction side to the surface on the second direction side opposite to the first direction, and a far-infrared transmitting unit disposed inside the opening, wherein the far-infrared transmitting unit includes a transmitting member that transmits far-infrared rays and a frame member that holds the transmitting member, wherein in the thickness direction of the transmitting member, the step difference between the surface on the first direction side of the transmitting member and the surface on the first direction side of the frame member is 0.3 mm or less, and the outer periphery of the transmitting member and the inner periphery of the frame member are bonded together via an adhesive layer with a thickness of 100 μm or less.

[0009] According to the present invention, it is possible to improve watertightness at the boundary between the permeable member and the frame member without hindering wiping by the wiper.

[0010] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the vehicle glass according to the first embodiment mounted on a vehicle. Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the vehicle glass according to the first embodiment. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A in Figure 2. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along line B-B in Figure 2. Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration when a far-infrared camera is attached to the vehicle glass. Figure 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the periphery of the far-infrared transmission region in the vehicle glass. Figure 7 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the far-infrared transmission unit. Figure 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the periphery of the boundary between the transmission member and the frame member. Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing a coupling model between a silane coupling agent and a transmission member having an inorganic material surface. Figure 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing the vehicle glass according to the first embodiment. Figure 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the periphery of the boundary between the transmission member and the frame member in the vehicle glass according to the second embodiment. Figure 12 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the periphery of the boundary between the transmission member and the frame member in the vehicle glass according to the third embodiment. Figure 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the periphery of the boundary between the transmission member and the frame member in the vehicle glass according to the fourth embodiment. Figure 14 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area around the boundary between the transparent member and the frame member in the vehicle glass according to the fifth embodiment. Figure 15 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area around the boundary between the transparent member and the frame member in the vehicle glass according to the sixth embodiment. Figure 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area around the boundary between the transparent member and the frame member in the vehicle glass according to the seventh embodiment.

[0011] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. The present invention is not limited by these embodiments, and if there are multiple embodiments, they may be constructed by combining each embodiment. Numerical values ​​include a range of rounding. When a numerical range is indicated by connecting the upper and lower limits with ~, this range includes the upper and lower limits. That is, for example, "X to Y" means that it is X or greater and Y or less. In this embodiment, the lower and upper limits can be combined as appropriate. That is, for example, if a lower limit is listed for a certain parameter and an upper limit is listed for that parameter, the lower limit may be any value selected from the listed lower limits, and the upper limit may be any value selected from the listed upper limits. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, physical properties and dimensions will be described as values ​​at room temperature, i.e., between 5°C and 35°C.

[0012] (First Embodiment) (Vehicle) Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the vehicle glass according to the first embodiment mounted on a vehicle. As shown in Figure 1, the vehicle glass 1 according to the first embodiment is mounted on a vehicle V. The vehicle glass 1 is a window member applied to the windshield of the vehicle V. That is, the vehicle glass 1 is used as the front windshield of the vehicle V, or in other words, as a windshield. Inside the vehicle V, a far-infrared camera CA1 and a visible light camera CA2 are mounted. The inside of the vehicle V refers to, for example, the interior of the vehicle where the driver's seat is located.

[0013] The vehicle glass 1, far-infrared camera CA1, and visible light camera CA2 constitute the camera unit 100. The far-infrared camera CA1 is a camera that detects far-infrared rays. The far-infrared camera CA1 captures a thermal image of the outside of the vehicle V by detecting far-infrared rays from outside the vehicle V. The visible light camera CA2 is a camera that detects visible light. The visible light camera CA2 captures an image of the outside of the vehicle V by detecting visible light from outside the vehicle V. In addition to the far-infrared camera CA1 and the visible light camera CA2, the camera unit 100 may further include, for example, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) or millimeter-wave radar. Here, far-infrared rays refer to, for example, electromagnetic waves in the wavelength band of 8 μm to 13 μm, and visible light refers to, for example, electromagnetic waves in the wavelength band of 380 nm to 830 nm.

[0014] (Vehicle Glass) Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of vehicle glass according to the first embodiment. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A in Figure 2. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along line B-B in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, the upper edge of the vehicle glass 1 will be referred to as the upper edge portion 1a, the lower edge as the lower edge portion 1b, one side edge as the side edge portion 1c, and the other side edge as the side edge portion 1d. The upper edge portion 1a is the edge portion located on the vertically upper side when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V. The lower edge portion 1b is the edge portion located on the vertically lower side when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V. The side edge portion 1c is the edge portion located on one side when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V. The side edge portion 1d is the edge portion located on the other side when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V.

[0015] Hereinafter, among the directions parallel to the surface of the vehicle glass 1, the direction from the upper edge 1a to the lower edge 1b will be defined as the Y direction, and the direction from the side edge 1c to the side edge 1d will be defined as the X direction. In the first embodiment, the X direction and the Y direction are orthogonal. The direction perpendicular to the surface of the vehicle glass 1, that is, the thickness direction of the vehicle glass 1, will be defined as the Z direction. Furthermore, one direction along the Z direction will be defined as the Z1 direction (first direction), and the direction opposite to the Z1 direction will be defined as the Z2 direction (second direction). The Z1 direction is, for example, the direction from the inside to the outside of the vehicle V when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V. The Z2 direction is, for example, the direction from the outside to the inside of the vehicle V when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V. The X direction and the Y direction are along the surface of the vehicle glass 1, but for example, if the surface of the vehicle glass 1 is curved, they may be directions that are tangent to the surface of the vehicle glass 1 at the center point O of the vehicle glass 1. The center point O is the central position of the vehicle glass 1 when viewed from the Z direction.

[0016] The vehicle glass 1 has a light-transmitting region A1 and a light-blocking region A2. The light-transmitting region A1 is the central part of the vehicle glass 1 when viewed from the Z direction. The light-transmitting region A1 is the region that ensures the driver's field of view. The light-transmitting region A1 is the region that transmits visible light. The light-blocking region A2 is the region that is formed around the light-transmitting region A1 when viewed from the Z direction. The light-blocking region A2 is the region that blocks visible light. Within the light-blocking region A2a, which is the part on the upper edge 1a side of the light-blocking region A2, a far-infrared transmitting region B and a visible light transmitting region C are formed.

[0017] The far-infrared transmission region B is a region that transmits far-infrared rays and is the region in which the far-infrared camera CA1 is installed. That is, the far-infrared camera CA1 is installed in a position that overlaps with the far-infrared transmission region B when viewed from the optical axis direction of the far-infrared camera CA1. The visible light transmission region C is a region that transmits visible light and is the region in which the visible light camera CA2 is installed. That is, the visible light camera CA2 is installed in a position that overlaps with the visible light transmission region C when viewed from the optical axis direction of the visible light camera CA2. Thus, in this embodiment, the far-infrared transmission region B (the opening 19 described later) is formed within the light-shielding region A2a, which is the part of the light-shielding region A2 that is on the upper edge 1a side of the center point O (for example, in the vicinity of the upper edge 1a). However, the far-infrared transmission region B (the opening 19 described later) is not limited to being formed within the light-shielding region A2a, but may be formed in any region on the surface of the glass member 10. For example, the far-infrared transmission region B (the opening 19 described later) may be formed at a position closer to the lower edge 1b than the center point O of the glass member 10 (for example, in the vicinity of the lower edge 1b). The same applies to the visible light transmission region C.

[0018] As described above, the light-shielding region A2 has a far-infrared transmitting region B and a visible light transmitting region C. Therefore, the light-shielding region A2 blocks far-infrared rays in areas other than where the far-infrared transmitting region B is formed, and blocks visible light in areas other than where the visible light transmitting region C is formed. The far-infrared transmitting region B and the visible light transmitting region C are surrounded by a light-shielding region A2a. This surrounding light-shielding region A2a is preferable because it protects the various sensors from sunlight. It is also preferable from a design standpoint because the wiring of the various sensors is not visible from outside the vehicle. A detailed explanation of the far-infrared transmitting region B and the visible light transmitting region C will be given later.

[0019] As shown in Figure 3, the vehicle glass 1 comprises a glass member 10. The glass member 10 is the main body portion of the vehicle glass 1 that constitutes the windshield of the vehicle V. The glass member 10 may be single-pane glass or laminated glass, but in the first embodiment, the glass member 10 is made of laminated glass. Specifically, the glass member 10 comprises a glass substrate 12, a glass substrate 14, an intermediate layer 16, and a light-shielding layer 18. In the vehicle glass 1, the glass substrate 12, the intermediate layer 16, the glass substrate 14, and the light-shielding layer 18 are laminated in this order in the Z2 direction. The glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 are fixed (bonded) to each other via the intermediate layer 16.

[0020] The glass substrates 12 and 14 may be inorganic glass or organic glass. As inorganic glass, for example, soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, quartz glass, etc., can be used without particular limitation. Among these, soda-lime glass is particularly preferred in terms of manufacturing cost and moldability. For example, in the case of inorganic glass, glass plates formed by the float method or the like are preferred. When glass substrates 12 and 14 are inorganic glass, glass substrates 12 and 14 may be either untempered glass or tempered glass. Tempered glass may be either physically tempered glass or chemically tempered glass. Untempered glass is made by forming molten glass into a plate and slowly cooling it. Tempered glass is made by forming a compressive stress layer on the surface of untempered glass. Tempered glass may be either physically tempered glass or chemically tempered glass. In the case of physically strengthened glass, the glass surface may be strengthened by creating a compressive stress layer on the glass surface due to the temperature difference between the glass surface and the inside of the glass, through operations other than slow cooling, such as air-cooled strengthening, where a uniformly heated glass plate is rapidly cooled from a temperature near its softening point during bending. In the case of chemically strengthened glass, the glass surface may be strengthened after bending by creating compressive stress on the glass surface by methods such as ion exchange. Known molding techniques such as gravity molding, press molding, and roller molding may be used for bending the glass substrate. Glass that absorbs ultraviolet or infrared rays may also be used. Furthermore, the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 may be transparent or colored. The thickness of the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 mm or more, more preferably 0.5 mm or more, even more preferably 1 mm or more, even more preferably 1.5 mm or more, and most preferably 2 mm or more. Furthermore, the thickness of the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 is preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 4 mm or less, and even more preferably 3 mm or less. The intermediate layer 16 is an adhesive layer that bonds the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 together.As the intermediate layer 16, known materials such as polyvinyl butyral (hereinafter also referred to as PVB) modified material, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) material, urethane resin material, and vinyl chloride resin material can be used. The intermediate layer 16 may also contain functional particles such as ultraviolet absorbers, infrared absorbers, adhesion enhancers, antioxidants, and light stabilizers. The intermediate layer 16 may be transparent or colored. The intermediate layer 16 may also have a multilayer structure of two or more layers. More specifically, the glass substrate 12 includes one surface 12A (the surface on the Z1 direction) and the other surface 12B (the surface on the Z2 direction), and the other surface 12B is in contact with one surface 16A (the surface on the Z1 direction) of the intermediate layer 16 and is fixed (adhered) to the intermediate layer 16. The glass substrate 14 includes one surface 14A (the surface facing the Z1 direction) and the other surface 14B (the surface facing the Z2 direction), and the one surface 14A is in contact with the other surface 16B (the surface facing the Z2 direction) of the intermediate layer 16 and is fixed (bonded) to the intermediate layer 16. In this way, the vehicle glass 1 is a laminated glass in which the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 are laminated together. However, the vehicle glass 1 is not limited to laminated glass, and may be a configuration that includes only one of the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14 (i.e., a single-pane glass). In this case, the intermediate layer 16 may not be provided. The intermediate layer 16 may contain a heat-generating film (PET substrate), a heating device, an antenna, a liquid crystal device, a dimming device, an image projection layer, an emitting layer, a heat-reflective layer, etc. Hereinafter, when the glass substrates 12 and 14 are not distinguished, they will be referred to as the glass substrate. When the vehicle glass 1 is installed in a vehicle, the vehicle glass 1 may have a curved shape that protrudes outwards from the vehicle. The curved shape of the vehicle glass 1 from the periphery to the center may be a curved shape in only one direction, a curved shape in two perpendicular directions, or a curved shape in three or more directions. The thickness of the vehicle glass 1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 mm or more, more preferably 4 mm or more, even more preferably 4.5 mm or more, even more preferably 5 mm or more, and most preferably 6 mm or more.Furthermore, the thickness of the vehicle glass 1 is preferably 10 mm or less, more preferably 9 mm or less, even more preferably 8 mm or less, and most preferably 7 mm or less. In this embodiment, the upper and lower limits can be combined as appropriate. Also, if the vehicle glass 1 is laminated glass, the above thickness may be read as the total thickness of the laminated glass.

[0021] The light-shielding layer 18 is a layer that blocks visible light. The light-shielding layer 18 may be provided in a strip shape along the periphery of the vehicle glass 1. This suppresses the deterioration of aesthetics due to refraction of the glass substrates 12 and 14. As the light-shielding layer 18, for example, a ceramic light-shielding layer or a light-shielding film can be used. As the ceramic light-shielding layer, for example, a ceramic layer made of conventionally known materials such as a black ceramic layer can be used. As the light-shielding film, for example, a light-shielding polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a light-shielding polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film, a light-shielding polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film, etc. can be used. The light-shielding layer 18 includes one surface 18A (the surface on the Z1 direction side) and the other surface 18B (the surface on the Z2 direction side). In the example of Figure 3, one surface 18A is in contact with and fixed to the other surface 14B of the glass substrate 14, but it is not limited to this. For example, the light-shielding layer 18 may be provided on the surface 12B of the glass substrate 12. In this case, the light-shielding layer 18 does not need to be provided on the glass substrate 14. In other words, the light-shielding layer 18 may be provided on the surface 14B of the glass substrate 14, on the surface 12B of the glass substrate 12, or on both the surface 14B and the surface 12B.

[0022] In the first embodiment, the side of the vehicle glass 1 on which the light-shielding layer 18 is provided is the interior side (Z2 direction side), and the glass substrate 12 is the exterior side (Z1 direction side). However, it is not limited to this, and the light-shielding layer 18 may be provided on the exterior side of the vehicle V. If the vehicle glass 1 is made of laminated glass of glass substrates 12 and 14, the light-shielding layer 18 may be formed between the glass substrate 12 and the glass substrate 14. That is, the light-shielding layer 18 may be formed on, for example, the surface 12B or the surface 14A, or a part of the intermediate layer 16 may be the light-shielding layer 18. If a part of the intermediate layer 16 is the light-shielding layer 18, a part of the intermediate layer 16 may be colored with a dark pigment, or a layer containing a dark pigment may be provided in a part of the intermediate layer 16.

[0023] The light-shielding region A2 is formed by providing a light-shielding layer 18 on the glass member 10. In other words, the light-shielding region A2 is the region in which the glass member 10 is equipped with a light-shielding layer 18. Specifically, the light-shielding region A2 is the region in which the glass substrate 12, the intermediate layer 16, the glass substrate 14, and the light-shielding layer 18 are laminated. On the other hand, the light-transmitting region A1 is the region in which the glass member 10 is not equipped with a light-shielding layer 18. Specifically, the light-transmitting region A1 is the region in which the glass substrate 12, the intermediate layer 16, and the glass substrate 14 are laminated, but the light-shielding layer 18 is not laminated.

[0024] As shown in Figure 4, the visible light transmission region C, like the light-transmitting region A1, is a region in the Z direction where the glass member 10 does not have a light-shielding layer 18. That is, the visible light transmission region C is a region where the glass substrate 12, the intermediate layer 16, and the glass substrate 14 are laminated, and the light-shielding layer 18 is not laminated.

[0025] (Far-infrared transmitting unit) As shown in Figure 3, the glass member 10 has an opening 19 that penetrates from the inner surface (surface 18B in the Z2 direction) to the outer surface (surface 12A in the Z1 direction). A far-infrared transmitting unit U is provided inside the opening 19. The region where the opening 19 is formed and the far-infrared transmitting unit U is provided is the far-infrared transmitting region B. The light-shielding layer 18 is not provided in the far-infrared transmitting region B. That is, in the far-infrared transmitting region B, the glass substrate 12, the intermediate layer 16, the glass substrate 14, and the light-shielding layer 18 are not provided, and the far-infrared transmitting unit U is provided in the formed opening 19.

[0026] The far-infrared transmission unit U comprises a transmission member 20 and a frame member 30 provided on the periphery of the transmission member 20. In the following description, the direction toward the geometric center when the transmission member 20 is viewed from the Z direction may be described as the radially inward direction, and the direction away from the geometric center may be described as the radially outward direction.

[0027] (Transmitting Member) The transmitting member 20 is positioned inside the opening 19 and transmits far-infrared rays. The average transmittance of far-infrared rays with wavelengths of 8 μm to 13 μm is higher for the transmitting member 20 than for the glass member 10. The average transmittance of far-infrared rays with wavelengths of 8 μm to 13 μm is higher for the transmitting member 20 than for the frame member 30. Preferably, the average transmittance of far-infrared rays with wavelengths of 8 μm to 13 μm for the transmitting member 20 is 25% or more, more preferably 40% or more, even more preferably 50% or more, even more preferably 70% or more, and particularly preferably 85% or more. Furthermore, it is preferable that the average transmittance of far-infrared rays with wavelengths of 8 μm to 13 μm for the transmitting member 20 is 100% or less. In order to make the average transmittance of far-infrared rays with wavelengths of 8 μm to 13 μm 85% or more, it is preferable to provide an anti-reflective coating. The average transmittance of far-infrared radiation with wavelengths of 8 μm to 13 μm falls within this numerical range, allowing for proper transmission of far-infrared radiation and enabling the CA1 far-infrared camera to perform to its full potential. The transmittance of far-infrared radiation can be measured, for example, using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (ThermoScientific, product name: Nicolet iS10).

[0028] The material of the transmission member 20 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ZnS, Ge, Si, chalcogenide glass, and the like. A preferable composition of chalcogenide glass is, in atomic percentage, Ge + Ga: 7% to 25%, Sb: 0% to 35%, Bi: 0% to 20%, Zn: 0% to 20%, Sn: 0% to 20%, Si: 0% to 20%, La: 0% to 20%, S + Se + Te: 55% to 80%, Ti: 0.005% to 0.3%, Li + Na + K + Cs: 0% to 20%, F + Cl + Br + I: 0% to 20%. And this glass preferably has a glass transition point (Tg) of 140°C to 550°C. The transmission member 20 more preferably has at least one of Si and Ge as a main component. Here, the main component may refer to a content rate of 50% by mass or more with respect to the whole of the transmission member 20.

[0029] The transmission member 20 has a surface 20A on the vehicle outer side (Z1 direction side), a surface 20B on the vehicle inner side (Z2 direction side), and an outer peripheral end face 21. The transmission member 20 may be coated with a functional film on the surface 20A or the surface 20B. For example, an antireflection film may be provided as the functional film on the surface 20A. As the antireflection film, an antireflection film of 3 to 12 layers is preferable, and the material is not particularly limited, but Ge, Si, ZnS, ZnSe, As ｘ S ｙ 、As ｘ Se ｙ 、metal oxides (Al ｘ O ｙ 、Bi ｘ O ｙ 、CeO ｘ 、CuO, HfO ｘ 、MgO, SiO, SiO ｘ 、NiO, TiO, TiO ｘ 、Ti ｘ O ｙ 、Y ｘ O ｙ 、ZrO ｘ ), hydrocarbon, diamond-like carbon (DLC), metal fluoride (MgF ｘ 、CaF ｘ 、SrF ｘ 、BaF ｘ 、PbFｘ , LaF ｘ , YF ｘ ) is preferred (x, y are arbitrary positive numbers). The layer on the Z1-direction side of the antireflection film is preferably a film having a Mohs hardness of 7 or more and a high transmittance of far infrared rays from the viewpoint of scratch resistance. The layer on the Z1-direction side of the antireflection film is particularly preferably a ZrO ｘ film.

[0030] In the first embodiment, it is preferable that an inorganic material is provided on the outermost layers of the surface 20A and the surface 20B of the transmissive member 20. The outermost layers of the surface 20A and the surface 20B are the outermost layers of the functional layer when the transmissive member 20 includes a functional layer (coating) on the surface of the base material. The outermost layers of the surface 20A and the surface 20B are the surface of the base material when the transmissive member 20 does not include a functional layer (coating) on the surface of the base material. The surface of the base material may be composed of a natural oxide film. For example, when the transmissive member 20 is made of Si as the base material, the outermost layers of the surface 20A and the surface 20B may be an oxide film such as SiO ２ .

[0031] The shape of the transmissive member 20 is not particularly limited, but it is preferably a plate shape conforming to the shape of the opening 19. That is, for example, when the opening 19 is circular, the transmissive member 20 is preferably disk-shaped (cylindrical). Also, from the viewpoint of design, the surface shape of the transmissive member 20 on the Z1-direction side may be processed to conform to the curvature of the outer surface shape of the glass substrate 12. Further, for reasons such as achieving both widening the viewing angle of the far-infrared camera CA1 and improving mechanical properties, the transmissive member 20 may be formed into a lens shape. With such a configuration, it is preferable because far infrared rays can be efficiently condensed even if the area of the transmissive member 20 is small. In this case, the number of lens-shaped transmissive members 20 is preferably 1 to 3, and typically 1 is preferable. Furthermore, the lens-shaped transmissive member 20 is preferably pre-aligned and modularized and integrated with a housing or a bracket 40 that adheres the far-infrared camera CA1 to the vehicle glass 1.

[0032] In the vehicle glass 1 of the first embodiment, the opening 19 on the Z2-direction side surface (surface 18B) has the same configuration as the opening 19 on the Z1-direction side surface (surface 12A), and it is preferable that the shape of the transparent member 20 is also the same as the area on the Z2-direction side surface and the Z1-direction side surface. In other words, there is no step on the inner wall of the opening 19, and the inner wall of the opening 19 extends along the thickness direction of the vehicle glass 1. By adopting such a configuration, the manufacturing of the glass member 10 and the transparent member 20 becomes easier. Furthermore, if the glass member 10 is laminated glass comprising a glass substrate 12 (Z1-direction side) and a glass substrate 14 (Z2-direction side), the opening 19 is formed by the overlapping of the opening 12a of the glass substrate 12 and the opening 14a of the glass substrate 14. In this case, the opening 12a of the glass substrate 12 should overlap with the opening 14a of the glass substrate 14, and a transparent member 20 sized to fit the opening 12a of the glass substrate 12 should be placed inside the opening 12a of the glass substrate 12.

[0033] From the viewpoint of strength, the thickness of the permeable member 20 is preferably 1.0 mm or more, more preferably 1.5 mm or more, and even more preferably 2.0 mm or more. The upper limit of the thickness of the permeable member 20 is not particularly limited, but is usually 5.0 mm or less. Here, thickness refers to the length of the permeable member 20 in the Z direction.

[0034] (Frame member) The frame member 30 is disposed between the inner peripheral surface of the opening 19 of the glass member 10 and the transmissive member 20. The frame member 30 holds the outer peripheral portion of the transmissive member 20 and is attached to the opening 19. The shape of the frame member 30 is not particularly limited, but when the transmissive member 20 is disc-shaped, it is formed in a cylindrical shape and is disposed at the peripheral edge of the transmissive member 20. The frame member 30 has a holding portion 31 disposed between the transmissive member 20 and the glass member 10, and a fixing portion 32 formed on the Z2 direction side with respect to the holding portion 31. The holding portion 31 is interposed between the transmissive member 20 and the glass member 10. The frame member 30 may be composed of a single member or a plurality of members. The frame member 30 composed of a plurality of members may include, for example, a first member including the holding portion 31 and a second member including the fixing portion 32. The frame member 30 composed of a plurality of members may be composed of, for example, a first member on the Z1 direction side and a second member on the Z2 direction side. The frame member 30 may be composed of three or more members. In the first embodiment, the frame member 30 is composed of a single member including the holding portion 31 and the fixing portion 32.

[0035] The holding portion 31 is formed in a cylindrical shape surrounding the peripheral edge of the transmissive member 20. The outer peripheral surface of the holding portion 31 faces the inner peripheral surface of the opening 19 of the glass member 10. The inner peripheral surface of the holding portion 31 faces the outer peripheral end surface 21 of the transmissive member 20. The length of the holding portion 31 in the Z direction is not less than the total thickness of the glass member 10. The surface of the holding portion 31 in the Z1 direction is exposed to the outside of the vehicle within the opening 19. The end portion of the holding portion 31 in the Z2 direction is connected to the fixing portion 32.

[0036] The fixing portion 32 extends radially outward from the Z2 end of the holding portion 31. The fixing portion 32 is provided around the entire circumference of the outer surface of the holding portion 31 and is ring-shaped (flange-shaped). The fixing portion 32 extends radially outward from the outer surface of the holding portion 31 beyond the inner surface of the opening 19 of the glass member 10. In other words, the outer dimensions of the fixing portion 32 are larger than the opening 19. When the frame member 30 is attached to the glass member 10, the fixing portion 32 is positioned on the Z2 side with respect to the Z2 direction (inside the vehicle) surface of the glass member 10 (surface 18B of the light-shielding layer 18) and faces the surface 18B in the Z direction. Adhesive 50 is provided between the fixing portion 32 and the surface 18B. The frame member 30 is attached to the opening 19 of the glass member 10 by the adhesive 50 at the fixing portion 32. The adhesive 50 is also formed in a ring shape around the entire circumference of the fixing portion 32. This ensures watertightness between the inner surface of the opening 19 and the frame member 30.

[0037] The constituent material of the frame member 30 is not particularly limited. At least a portion of the frame member 30 may be made of resins such as ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) resin, AES (Acrylonitrile ethylene styrene) resin, rigid polyvinyl chloride (rigid PVC), polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). When the frame member 30 is made of a thermoplastic resin such as ABS, AES, or rigid polyvinyl chloride, a molding method such as injection molding can be applied. At least a portion of the frame member 30 may be formed from an elastomer such as ethylene propylene monomer (EPDM), flexible polyvinyl chloride (flexible PVC), thermoplastic polyvinyl elastomer (TPVC), thermoplastic polyethylene elastomer (TPE), thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), vinylidene fluoride fluororubber (FKM), tetrafluoroethylene-purple vinyl ether fluororubber (FFKM), or silicone rubber. Here, FKM and FFKM are elastomers defined in ASTM:D1418. By using an elastomer as a constituent material of the frame member 30, the watertightness between the glass member 10 and the permeable member 20 can be improved.Furthermore, at least a portion of the frame member 30 may be formed from a fluororesin such as ETFE (Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) or PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy alkanes). ETFE is a copolymer having units derived from ethylene and units derived from tetrafluoroethylene. ETFE may further contain units derived from a monomer having adhesive functional groups as a third component. PFA is a copolymer having units derived from tetrafluoroethylene and units derived from perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether). PFA may further contain units derived from a monomer having adhesive functional groups as a third component. ETFE and PFA are preferred as constituent materials for the frame member 30 due to their excellent moldability, and the adhesion is further improved by including an adhesive third component. As the monomer having adhesive functional groups, monomers having carboxyl groups, acid anhydride groups, or carboxylic acid halide groups are preferred, and unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides are more preferred. Examples of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides include itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (Hymic anhydride), and maleic anhydride. Monomers having adhesive functional groups may have one adhesive functional group alone or two or more. ETFE may optionally have units derived from ethylene, TFE, and other monomers other than monomers having adhesive functional groups. Examples of other monomers include fluoroolefins (excluding tetrafluoroethylene) and fluoro(alkyl vinyl ethers). PFA may optionally have units derived from TFE, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ethers), and other monomers other than monomers having adhesive functional groups. Examples of other monomers include fluoroolefins (excluding tetrafluoroethylene). Furthermore, the frame member 30 is preferably black. This improves aesthetics.

[0038] The adhesive 50 between the frame member 30 and the glass member 10 is formed from an adhesive such as a urethane adhesive or a modified silicone adhesive. This improves load-bearing capacity, heat resistance, and cold resistance, and improves adhesive strength and shear strength.

[0039] (Far-infrared transmission region) Next, the far-infrared transmission region B will be described. As shown in Figure 2, the far-infrared transmission region B is formed near the upper edge 1a of the vehicle glass 1 in the Y direction and near the center of the vehicle glass 1 in the X direction. The opening 19 and the transmission member 20 are formed near the upper edge 1a of the vehicle glass 1 in the Y direction and near the center of the vehicle glass 1 in the X direction.

[0040] As shown in Figure 3, the transmissive member 20 of the far-infrared transmission region B has a length DA of the longest straight line connecting any two points in the plane on the Z1 side that is 80 mm or less. The length DA is preferably 70 mm or less, more preferably 65 mm or less, and even more preferably 50 mm or less. The length DA is preferably 25 mm or more, more preferably 30 mm or more, and even more preferably 35 mm or more. The opening 19 of the far-infrared transmission region B preferably has a length DB of the longest straight line connecting any two points in the plane on the Z1 side that is 84 mm or less. The length DB is more preferably 74 mm or less, even more preferably 69 mm or less, and even more preferably 54 mm or less. The length DB is preferably 29 mm or more, more preferably 34 mm or more, and even more preferably 39 mm or more. By setting the length DA of the transparent member 20 and the length DB of the opening 19 within this range, it is possible to maintain the image quality of the far-infrared camera CA1 while suppressing a decrease in the strength of the vehicle glass 1 and suppressing the amount of transparency distortion around the opening 19. Furthermore, considering the expansion of each material within the operating temperature range, appropriate lengths DA and DB are determined so that distortion does not occur. In addition, a gap may be provided in advance as a countermeasure against distortion due to expansion. If the shape of the Z1-side surface of the transparent member 20 is circular, lengths DA and DB correspond to the diameter of the Z1-side surface. Here, lengths DA and DB refer to the lengths of the vehicle glass 1 when it is mounted on the vehicle V. For example, if the glass is bent to form the shape for mounting on the vehicle V, lengths DA and DB will be the lengths after bending. The same applies to the explanation of dimensions and positions other than lengths DA and DB unless otherwise specified.

[0041] (Visible Light Transmission Region) Next, the visible light transmission region C will be described. As shown in Figure 2, it is preferable that the visible light transmission region C be located near the far-infrared transmission region B. Specifically, the center of the far-infrared transmission region B as viewed from the Z direction is defined as the center point OB, and the center of the visible light transmission region C as viewed from the Z direction is defined as the center point OC. If the shortest distance between the far-infrared transmission region B (aperture 19) and the visible light transmission region C as viewed from the Z direction is defined as distance L, then it is preferable that distance L is greater than 0 mm and 100 mm or less, and more preferably 10 mm or more and 80 mm or less. By positioning the visible light transmission region C within this range relative to the far-infrared transmission region B, it is possible to capture images at close range with the far-infrared camera CA1 and the visible light camera CA2, while suppressing the amount of transmission distortion in the visible light transmission region C, and enabling the visible light camera CA2 to capture images appropriately. By capturing images of nearby locations with the far-infrared camera CA1 and the visible-light camera CA2, the processing load on the data obtained from each camera is reduced, and the routing of power and signal cables is also optimized.

[0042] It is preferable that the visible light transmission region C and the far-infrared transmission region B are located side by side in the X direction. That is, it is preferable that the visible light transmission region C is not located on the Y-direction side of the far-infrared transmission region B, but is aligned with the far-infrared transmission region B in the X direction. By arranging the visible light transmission region C side by side with the far-infrared transmission region B in the X direction, the visible light transmission region C can be positioned near the upper edge 1a. Therefore, the driver's field of view in the light-transmitting region A1 can be appropriately secured.

[0043] Preferably, the visible light transmission region C is located near the upper edge 1a in the Y direction and near the far infrared transmission region B in the X direction, similar to the far infrared transmission region B. By positioning the visible light transmission region C in this location, it is possible to capture images of close positions with the far infrared camera CA1 and the visible light camera CA2, while suppressing the amount of transmission distortion in the visible light transmission region C, allowing the visible light camera CA2 to capture images appropriately.

[0044] (Camera Unit Configuration) Next, the configuration of the camera unit 100 of the first embodiment, more specifically, an example of the configuration when the far-infrared camera CA1 is attached to the vehicle glass 1 will be described. Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration when the far-infrared camera is attached to the vehicle glass.

[0045] The far-infrared camera CA1 is mounted on the vehicle glass 1 so as to capture an external thermal image through the far-infrared transmission region B of the vehicle glass 1. The far-infrared camera CA1 is installed inside the vehicle V (inside the vehicle) at a position facing the far-infrared transmission region B. The type of far-infrared camera CA1 is not particularly limited, and any known far-infrared camera can be used. As shown in Figure 5, the far-infrared camera CA1 is mounted on the vehicle glass 1 by, for example, a bracket 40. The far-infrared camera CA1 is usually mounted so that the optical axis LX is approximately horizontal.

[0046] The visible light camera CA2 is mounted on the vehicle glass 1 so that it can capture images of the outside through the visible light transmission area C of the vehicle glass 1. The visible light camera CA2 is installed inside the vehicle V (inside the vehicle) at a position facing the visible light transmission area C. It is preferable that the visible light camera CA2 is mounted so that the optical axis LX of the far infrared camera CA1 and the optical axis of the visible light camera CA2 are approximately parallel. Approximately parallel is a concept that includes not only cases where these optical axes are perfectly parallel, but also cases where they are slightly deviated from parallel by an error margin. By doing so, the optical axis LX of the far infrared camera CA1 and the center of the field of view of the visible light camera CA2 almost coincide, which is preferable when combining images obtained from these cameras for information processing.

[0047] (Details of the Far-Infrared Transmission Unit) Next, the details of the far-infrared transmission unit U will be described. Figure 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area around the far-infrared transmission region in vehicle glass. Figure 7 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the far-infrared transmission unit. Figure 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area around the boundary between the transmission member and the frame member.

[0048] In the first embodiment, the far-infrared transmitting unit U is a single-piece molded product made by resin molding using a mold. Specifically, the far-infrared transmitting unit U has a structure in which a resin frame member 30 is integrated with the outer circumference of the transmitting member 20 by integral molding (insert molding). In the first embodiment, the outer circumference of the transmitting member 20 and the inner circumference of the frame member 30 are bonded together via an adhesive layer 60.

[0049] In the examples shown in Figures 6 to 8, the transparent member 20 has a circular shape and a substantially constant thickness. The circular outer circumference of the transparent member 20 is held by the frame member 30. The outer peripheral end face 21 of the transparent member 20 faces the holding portion 31 of the frame member 30 in the radial direction. The inner surface 20B of the transparent member 20 faces the seating surface 34A formed on the holding portion 31 of the frame member 30 in the Z direction. The outer surface 20A of the transparent member 20 does not face (is not covered by) the frame member 30, even at its outer circumference, and is exposed to the outside of the vehicle.

[0050] The holding portion 31 of the frame member 30 has a peripheral wall portion 33 that surrounds the outer periphery of the transparent member 20. The peripheral wall portion 33 is provided at the Z1 direction side (outside the vehicle) end of the holding portion 31. The peripheral wall portion 33 has an inner peripheral wall surface 33A that is radially opposite to the outer peripheral end surface 21 of the transparent member 20. In the radial direction, the peripheral wall portion 33 is located between the inner peripheral surface of the opening 19 and the outer peripheral end surface 21 of the transparent member 20. The Z1 direction side end surface of the peripheral wall portion 33 is exposed from inside the opening 19 to the outside of the vehicle (Z1 direction side). In other words, the Z1 direction side end surface of the peripheral wall portion 33 constitutes the outer surface 30A of the frame member 30. In the example of Figures 6 to 8, the peripheral wall portion 33 is a continuous ring shape extending along the outer peripheral end surface 21. The peripheral wall portion 33 surrounds and supports the outer periphery of the transparent member 20.

[0051] The thickness tw of the peripheral wall portion 33 is preferably 0.5 mm or more. The thickness tw of the peripheral wall portion 33 is the distance between the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface (inner peripheral wall surface 33A) of the peripheral wall portion 33. When the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 are manufactured by integral molding (insert molding), stress is generated due to the difference in the coefficient of linear expansion between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30. Therefore, by making the thickness tw of the peripheral wall portion 33 0.5 mm or more, the mechanical strength of the frame member 30 can be improved. The thickness tw of the peripheral wall portion 33 is more preferably 0.7 mm or more, and even more preferably 1 mm or more. This further improves the mechanical strength of the frame member 30. The thickness tw of the peripheral wall portion 33 is preferably 7 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or less, and even more preferably 3 mm or less. This prevents the size of the transparent member 20, i.e., the area of ​​the far-infrared transmission region B, from being limited by the thickness of the peripheral wall portion 33. The thickness tw of the peripheral wall portion 33 is a representative value calculated from the overall thickness profile of the peripheral wall portion 33, and specifically, it is the average value of the thickness of the peripheral wall portion 33. In this embodiment, the upper limit and lower limit values ​​can be combined as appropriate.

[0052] The holding portion 31 has a base portion 34 that protrudes radially inward from the outer peripheral end face 21 of the transparent member 20. The base portion 34 protrudes radially inward from the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall portion 33. In the Z direction, the base portion 34 overlaps with the outer peripheral portion of the transparent member 20. In other words, the base portion 34 and the outer peripheral portion of the transparent member 20 are aligned in the Z direction. The outer surface of the base portion 34 is the seating surface 34A. The base portion 34 supports the transparent member 20 from the inside of the vehicle. Hereinafter, the outer peripheral portion of the surface 20B of the transparent member 20 that faces the seating surface 34A in the Z direction will be referred to as the outer peripheral opposing surface FS.

[0053] As shown in the examples in Figures 6 to 8, the inner circumferential wall surface 33A and seat surface 34A that constitute the inner circumference of the frame member 30, and the outer circumferential end surface 21 and outer circumferential opposing surface FS that constitute the outer circumference of the transparent member 20 form the boundary portion PB between the frame member 30 and the transparent member 20. In the first embodiment, an adhesive layer 60 is placed on at least a part of this boundary portion PB. The adhesive layer 60 may be provided on the entire boundary portion PB. In that case, the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 may not be in direct contact at the boundary portion PB, but may be indirectly in contact via the adhesive layer 60. The adhesive layer 60 may be provided on only a part of the boundary portion PB. In that case, the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 will be in direct contact with each other in the portion of the boundary portion PB where the adhesive layer 60 is not formed, and indirectly in contact via the adhesive layer 60 in the portion where the adhesive layer 60 is formed. The adhesive layer 60 may be formed, for example, only between the inner circumferential wall surface 33A and the outer circumferential end surface 21, or the adhesive layer 60 may be formed, for example, only between the seat surface 34A and the outer circumferential opposing surface FS.

[0054] In the examples shown in Figures 6 to 8, the adhesive layer 60 is provided between the seating surface 34A and the outer peripheral opposing surface FS. The adhesive layer 60 is not formed between the inner peripheral wall surface 33A and the outer peripheral end surface 21. Therefore, in the examples shown in Figures 6 to 8, a direct contact portion PB1 is formed at the boundary portion PB between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30, where the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 are in contact without any gaps. The direct contact portion PB1 is composed of the inner peripheral wall surface 33A and the outer peripheral end surface 21. The direct contact portion PB1 is formed on the Z1 direction side (outside the vehicle) of the boundary portion PB, relative to the adhesive layer 60. In other words, in the first embodiment, the adhesive layer 60 is not exposed to the Z1 direction side (outside the vehicle) of the vehicle glass 1. This prevents the adhesive layer 60 from being exposed to water and sunlight from the outside of the vehicle, thus suppressing deterioration of the adhesive layer 60.

[0055] In the example shown in Figure 6, the adhesive layer 60 is formed over the entire radial width between the seating surface 34A and the outer peripheral opposing surface FS. The width of the adhesive layer 60 may be smaller than the width of the seating surface 34A. In other words, the adhesive layer 60 may be formed over only a portion of the total radial width of the seating surface 34A. The adhesive layer 60 may also extend radially inward from the outer peripheral opposing surface FS.

[0056] In the plan view of Figure 7, the locations where the adhesive layer 60 is formed are indicated by hatching. As shown in Figure 7, it is preferable that the adhesive layer 60 is formed in an annular shape along the outer circumference of the permeable member 20. The adhesive layer 60 is continuous around the entire circumference of the outer circumferential surface FS. As a result, the area on the vehicle side (Z2 direction side) and the area on the vehicle side (Z1 direction side) of the adhesive layer 60 are completely separated between the seat surface 34A and the outer circumferential surface FS. Even if water penetrates the boundary PB from the vehicle side, the adhesive layer 60 prevents it from penetrating to the vehicle side. As a result, high water-sealing properties are obtained around the entire circumference of the boundary PB between the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30. The adhesive layer 60 may not be ring-shaped, and may be locally provided at one or more locations in the circumferential direction of the permeable member 20, or it may be provided intermittently (discontinuously) around the entire circumference of the permeable member 20.

[0057] As shown in Figure 8, the adhesive layer 60 has a contact surface 60A that contacts the outer surface of the permeable member 20. That is, the contact surface 60A contacts the outer surface FS. The adhesive layer 60 also has a contact surface 60B that contacts the inner surface of the frame member 30. That is, the contact surface 60B contacts the seat surface 34A.

[0058] As shown in Figure 8, in a configuration in which the adhesive layer 60 adheres the outer periphery (outer periphery opposing surface FS) of the Z2-direction surface 20B of the transparent member 20 to the inner periphery surface (seat surface 34A of the base portion 34) of the frame member 30, it is preferable that the adhesive layer 60 is provided on the Z2-direction surface 20B (outer periphery opposing surface FS) of the transparent member 20 within the boundary portion PB between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30, and that it reaches the inner periphery end 30E of the frame member 30. Here, the inner periphery end 30E of the frame member 30 refers to the inner periphery end of the surface that contacts the adhesive layer 60 (seat surface 34A of the base portion 34). In Figure 8, in the radial direction, the Z2-direction (inside the vehicle) end 60E of the adhesive layer 60 is positioned at the inner periphery end 30E of the frame member 30. In other words, the inner periphery end 60E of the adhesive layer 60 and the inner periphery end 30E of the frame member 30 are flush. Furthermore, the adhesive layer 60 extends to the outer edge of the seating surface 34A of the base portion 34. The adhesive layer 60 is in contact with the entire surface of the seating surface 34A of the base portion 34. Because the adhesive layer 60 reaches the inner edge 30E of the frame member 30, the maximum adhesive area between the permeable member 20 (surface 20B) and the frame member 30 can be secured. As a result, the reliability of the adhesion between the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30 is improved. In addition, the watertightness of the boundary portion between the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30 is improved.

[0059] In the first embodiment, the thickness tr of the adhesive layer 60 is 100 μm or less. The thickness tr of the adhesive layer 60 is the distance between the contact surface 60A of the adhesive layer 60 with the transparent member 20 and the contact surface 60B of the adhesive layer 60 with the frame member 30. A thickness of 100 μm or less is small compared to the thickness of the adhesive used when bonding two separate members together with an adhesive. Such a small thickness tr of adhesive layer 60 can be formed by applying the adhesive that will become the adhesive layer 60 as a primer to the bonding area when integrally molding (insert molding) the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30. By integrally molding the far-infrared transmission unit U, the adhesive layer 60 can be sufficiently adhered to both the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30, improving the watertightness of the boundary PB. Furthermore, integral molding allows for higher positional accuracy of the frame member 30 relative to the transparent member 20. It is more preferable that the thickness tr of the adhesive layer 60 is 50 μm or less. The thickness tr of the adhesive layer 60 is more preferably 30 μm or less, and particularly preferably 10 μm or less. This reduces the gap in the boundary PB at the location where the adhesive layer 60 is formed, improving watertightness and suppressing exposure of the adhesive layer 60 to water and sunlight. Furthermore, the thickness tr of the adhesive layer 60 is preferably 0.1 μm or more, more preferably 0.5 μm or more, and even more preferably 1 μm or more. This allows for the formation of an adhesive layer 60 with sufficient thickness to ensure adhesive strength and watertightness, thereby improving adhesive reliability. The thickness tr of the adhesive layer 60 is a representative value calculated from the overall thickness profile of the adhesive layer 60, and specifically, it is the average value of the thickness of the adhesive layer 60.

[0060] The bonding area of ​​the adhesive layer 60 is preferably 2% or more, more preferably 3% or more, and even more preferably 4% or more, of the surface area 20A of the transparent member 20. Furthermore, the bonding area of ​​the adhesive layer 60 is preferably 90% or less, more preferably 80% or less, and even more preferably 70% or less, of the surface area 20A of the transparent member 20. If the area of ​​the contact surface 60A and the area of ​​the contact surface 60B are different, the bonding area of ​​the adhesive layer 60 shall be the smaller of the two areas. By setting the bonding area of ​​the adhesive layer 60 within this range, appropriate bonding strength can be ensured according to the size of the transparent member 20.

[0061] (Step difference between each component) As shown in Figure 8, in the first embodiment, it is preferable that the step difference D1 between the surface 20A on the Z1 direction side (outside the vehicle) of the transparent member 20 and the surface 30A on the Z1 direction side of the frame member 30 is 0.3 mm or less in the thickness direction (Z direction) of the transparent member 20. It is more preferable that the step difference D1 is 0.2 mm or less, even more preferable that it is 0.15 mm or less, and even more preferable that it is 0.1 mm or less. In other words, it is preferable that the surface 20A on the Z1 direction side of the transparent member 20 and the surface 30A on the Z1 direction side of the frame member 30 are formed flush (continuously). Note that the surface 20A of the transparent member 20 and the surface 30A on the Z1 direction side of the frame member 30 are surfaces exposed on the Z1 direction side of the vehicle glass 1. By making the surface 20A on the Z1 direction side of the transparent member 20 and the surface 30A on the Z1 direction side of the frame member 30 continuous in this way, it is possible to suppress the impairment of the wiper's wiping effect. Furthermore, because the step D1 is small, it is possible to suppress the risk of the step D1 compromising the design of the vehicle V, and the accumulation of sand and dust on the step D1.

[0062] Furthermore, in the first embodiment, it is preferable that the step D2 between the Z1-side surface 12A of the glass member 10 and the Z1-side surface 30A of the frame member 30 in the thickness direction (Z direction) of the transparent member 20 is 1.0 mm or less. More preferably, the step D2 is 0.5 mm or less, even more preferably 0.3 mm or less, even more preferably 0.15 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.1 mm or less. In other words, it is preferable that the Z1-side surface 12A of the glass member 10 and the Z1-side surface 30A of the frame member 30 are formed flush (continuously). By making the Z1-side surface 12A of the glass member 10 and the Z1-side surface 30A of the frame member 30 continuous in this way, it is possible to suppress the impairment of the wiper's wiping effect. In addition, because the step D2 is small, it is possible to suppress the risk of the step D2 impairing the design of the vehicle V, and the accumulation of sand and dust on the step D2.

[0063] The height of the step difference D1 in the thickness direction between the surface 20A of the transparent member 20 on the Z1 direction side and the surface 30A of the frame member 30 on the Z1 direction side, and the step difference D2 in the thickness direction between the surface 12A of the glass member 10 on the Z1 direction side and the surface 30A of the frame member 30 on the Z1 direction side, can be measured, for example, using a laser displacement meter (Keyence Corporation, inline profile measuring instrument: LJ-X8200) by irradiating a laser into a region enclosed by a line segment 10 mm radially inward from the inner peripheral edge of the surface 30A of the frame member 30 and a line segment 10 mm radially outward from the outer peripheral edge of the surface 30A of the frame member 30, and then measuring from the obtained step profile. The edges of the surface 20A of the transparent member 20, the surface 30A of the frame member 30, and the surface 12A of the glass member 10 may be chamfered. In that case, the heights of the steps D1 and D2 are the difference in the Z-direction position between the surface positions of the flat parts near the outer periphery, excluding the chamfered parts. The flat parts near the outer periphery are, for example, flat parts within a radius of 1 mm from the chamfered parts.

[0064] The surface 20A on the Z1 direction side of the permeable member 20 has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra value of 1 μm or less. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra of surface 20A is preferably 0.1 μm or less, and more preferably 0.01 μm or less. Note that the arithmetic mean roughness Ra refers to the arithmetic mean roughness Ra specified in JIS B 0601:2001. By having the surface roughness of the surface 20A on the Z1 direction side of the permeable member 20 within this range, the wiping performance by the wiper (ease of removing adhering substances by wiping) is improved, and deterioration of the wiper due to friction with the surface 20A is suppressed. The surface 30A on the Z1 direction side of the frame member 30 has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra value of 10 μm or less. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra of surface 30A is preferably 7 μm or less, and more preferably 4 μm or less. The surface roughness of the Z1-direction side surface 30A of the frame member 30 is within this range, which improves the wiping performance by the wiper (ease of removing adhering substances by wiping) and suppresses the deterioration of the wiper due to friction with the surface 30A. Note that the surface roughness of the frame member 30 surface 30A may be greater than the surface roughness of the transparent member 20 surface 20A. In the first embodiment, when the frame member 30 is made of a resin material and the transparent member 20 is made of an inorganic material such as chalcogenide glass, the hardness of the frame member 30 is sufficiently lower than the hardness of the transparent member 20. Also, the surface area of ​​the frame member 30 surface 30A is smaller than the surface area of ​​the transparent member 20 surface 20A. Therefore, even if the surface roughness of surface 30A is greater than the surface roughness of surface 20A, the impact on wiping performance is low, and the impact on the wiper due to friction is also sufficiently reduced. The Z1-direction side surface 12A of the glass member 10 has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra value of 3 μm or less. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra of surface 12A is preferably 1 μm or less, and more preferably 0.1 μm or less. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra of surface 20A of the transparent member 20 is preferably smaller than the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of surface 12A on the Z1 direction side of the glass member 10, and the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of surface 12A is preferably smaller than the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of surface 30A. In particular, when surface 12A of the glass member 10 is a curved surface and surface 20A of the transparent member 20 is a flat surface, the surface roughness Ra of surface 20A can be made sufficiently small.As a result, the surface roughness of the outer surface of the vehicle glass 1 can be reduced, improving the wiping performance by the wiper and suppressing the deterioration of the wiper.

[0065] The transparent member 20 may be molded to match the curved shape of the vehicle glass 1 to which it is applied. This allows the surface of the transparent member 20 to be aesthetically smooth. The method of forming the transparent member 20 is not particularly limited, but polishing or mold forming can be selected depending on the curved shape and the member. When the transparent member 20 is formed by polishing, it is desirable to polish the transparent member 20 in parallel to improve its flatness accuracy. This flatness accuracy is an indicator of the reflective surface accuracy at a measurement wavelength of 632.8 nm, and it is preferable that the number of Newton lines is 2 or less. The ass, which indicates the difference in the number of Newton lines in the vertical and horizontal directions, is preferably 0.5 or less, and the distortion, which indicates the local distortion of the Newton fringes, is preferably 0.5 or less. This allows the far-infrared camera CA1 to acquire far-infrared images without distortion. Here, the number of Newton lines, ass, and distortion can be measured according to the instructions of JIS B0091:2010 and ISO 14999-4:2007, and the number of fringes, wavelength, or nanometers are used as units.

[0066] (Adhesive layer) The constituent material of the adhesive layer 60 is not particularly limited as long as it is an adhesive that can be applied as a primer when integrally molding (insert molding) the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30. In the first embodiment, it is preferable that the adhesive layer 60 contains a silane coupling agent. The silane coupling agent is a compound containing silicon and having an organic reaction site that reacts with an organic material and an inorganic reaction site that reacts with an inorganic material. As a result, when the surface of the permeable member 20 is made of an inorganic material and the surface of the frame member 30 is made of an organic material, the silane coupling bond allows for strong adhesion between the inorganic material and the organic material, which are generally difficult to bond.

[0067] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing a bonding model between a silane coupling agent and a permeable member having an inorganic material surface. On the outer surface (outer surface facing surface FS) of the permeable member 20, there are particles of an inorganic material M, such as a metal or metal oxide. Near the surface of the permeable member 20, some of the inorganic material M has hydroxyl groups. The inorganic reaction site of the silane coupling agent forms hydrogen bonds with the inorganic material M, and then forms a covalent bond through a dehydration condensation reaction, resulting in a strong bond. Although not shown in Figure 9, the organic reaction site of the silane coupling agent forms a chemical bond with the organic material on the surface (seat surface 34A) of the frame member 30 through a reaction depending on the organic material it is bonding with. As a result, the silane coupling agent firmly adheres the inorganic material surface of the permeable member 20 to the organic material surface of the frame member 30. The silane coupling agent used in the adhesive layer 60 is not particularly limited, but for example, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane can be used.

[0068] (Method for manufacturing vehicle glass) The method for manufacturing vehicle glass 1 is not particularly limited, but one example is described below. Figure 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing vehicle glass according to the first embodiment.

[0069] As shown in Figure 10, an adhesive layer 60 is placed on the outer periphery of the permeable member 20 as a primer (undercoat) (step S10). In the examples shown in Figures 7 to 9, the adhesive layer 60 is applied to the outer periphery opposing surface FS, which is the outer periphery of the surface 20B of the permeable member 20. The adhesive layer 60 is applied to a predetermined thickness such that the final thickness tr after bonding is 100 μm or less.

[0070] Next, a frame member 30 is formed on the outer periphery of the transparent member 20 (step S12). Specifically, the transparent member 20 coated with the adhesive layer 60 is placed in the mold 70, and a resin frame member 30 is formed around the transparent member 20 by injection molding (insert molding). In injection molding, the inner surface of the mold corresponding to the surface 30A of the frame member 30 is aligned with the surface 20A of the transparent member 20, so that the step difference D1 between the surface 20A of the transparent member 20 and the surface 30A of the frame member 30 is 0.3 mm or less. Note that Figure 10 shows the mold 70 schematically, and the divided structure of the mold 70 is omitted, showing only the outline of the cavity. By injection molding, a far-infrared transmitting unit U including the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 is manufactured. In the far-infrared transmitting unit U, the outer periphery opposing surface FS of the transparent member 20 and the seating surface 34A of the frame member 30 are bonded via an adhesive layer 60 with a thickness of 100 μm or less.

[0071] Next, a glass member 10 with an opening 19 is prepared, and the far-infrared transmitting unit U is placed inside the opening 19 (step S14). At this time, with adhesive 50 placed on the fixing part 32 of the frame member 30, the far-infrared transmitting unit U is inserted into the opening 19, so that the adhesive 50 is placed between the surface 18B around the opening 19 of the glass member 10 and the fixing part 32 of the frame member 30. In addition, a jig 71 is placed on the surface 12A of the glass member 10 and the surface 30A of the frame member 30, either flat or shaped to match the curved shape of the surface 12A of the glass member 10, and the relative position of the far-infrared transmitting unit U in the Z direction with respect to the glass member 10 is adjusted so that the step D2 is within 1.0 mm.

[0072] Then, the adhesive 50 is cured while maintaining the relative position between the glass member 10 and the far-infrared transmitting unit U (step S16). The curing method for the adhesive 50 is determined according to the type (components) of adhesive 50 used. Curing methods include, for example, vaporizing the solvent over time, reacting with moisture in the air, curing by heating, melting the adhesive 50 by heating and then curing it as it cools, adding a curing agent, or irradiating with light such as ultraviolet light.

[0073] The above process completes the manufacturing of one example of vehicle glass 1.

[0074] Here, the glass member 10 according to the first embodiment can be manufactured, for example, by the following method. First, flat glass substrates 12 and 14 are prepared, and openings 12a and 14a are formed in them. Then, each of the flat glass substrates 12 and 14 with the openings 12a and 14a is bent to a shape that fits the windshield of the vehicle V. Then, the bent glass substrates 12 and 14 are joined together via an intermediate layer 16 to form laminated glass. After forming the laminated glass, the intermediate layer 16 may be removed by thermal or chemical means only in the portion that overlaps the openings 12a and 14a to create communication. The light-shielding layer 18 may be formed at any stage, for example, before bending. Also, the light-shielding layer 18 may not be formed at all. Furthermore, the opening 19 may be formed after joining the glass substrates 12 and 14. In the manufacturing of the glass component 10 in this case, flat glass substrates 12 and 14 are prepared, then a light-shielding layer 18, such as a black ceramic splice material, is applied to the glass substrate 14, and the glass substrates 12 and 14 are bent. Next, the bent glass substrates 12 and 14 are joined together via an intermediate layer 16 to form laminated glass. After that, openings 12a and 14a are formed in the laminated glass at the same time. This forms the opening 19.

[0075] (Second Embodiment) Figure 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area around the boundary between the transparent member and the frame member in the vehicle glass according to the second embodiment. The vehicle glass 1 according to the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the entire boundary PB between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 is bonded via an adhesive layer 60.

[0076] As shown in Figure 11, in the second embodiment, the adhesive layer 60 is filled between the outer peripheral end surface 21 of the transparent member 20 and the inner peripheral wall surface 33A of the frame member 30. The adhesive layer 60 adheres closely to both the outer peripheral end surface 21 and the inner peripheral wall surface 33A, filling the gap between them. The end of the adhesive layer 60 on the Z1 direction side is exposed to the outside (outside the vehicle). Figure 11 also shows an example where the adhesive layer 60 is formed between the outer peripheral opposing surface FS of the transparent member 20 and the seating surface 34A of the frame member 30. That is, the entire boundary portion PB of the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 is bonded via the adhesive layer 60. In the example shown in Figure 11, the shapes of the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 are the same as in the first embodiment. In Figure 11, the adhesive layer 60 is formed between the outer circumferential surface FS of the permeable member 20 and the seating surface 34A of the frame member 30, and further formed between the outer circumferential end surface 21 of the permeable member 20 and the inner circumferential wall surface 33A of the frame member 30. Therefore, the adhesive layer 60 fills the entire boundary portion PB between the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30. Even in this case, the thickness tr of the adhesive layer 60 is 100 μm or less.

[0077] This increases the bonding area between the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30, thereby improving bonding reliability. Furthermore, since the water intrusion path from the outside to the inside of the vehicle through the boundary PB is filled with the adhesive layer 60, watertightness is improved. In addition to the example in Figure 11, the adhesive layer 60 may not be formed between the outer peripheral opposing surface FS of the permeable member 20 and the seating surface 34A of the frame member 30, but rather between the outer peripheral end surface 21 of the permeable member 20 and the inner peripheral wall surface 33A of the frame member 30.

[0078] (Third Embodiment) Figure 12 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area around the boundary between the transparent member and the frame member in the vehicle glass according to the third embodiment. The vehicle glass 1 according to the third embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that a flange portion 121 is formed on the transparent member 20.

[0079] As shown in Figure 12, in the third embodiment, the permeable member 20 has a flange portion 121 that protrudes toward the frame member 30 at the location where the adhesive layer 60 is formed. That is, the outer peripheral end face 21 of the permeable member 20 has a first outer peripheral surface 121A and a second outer peripheral surface 121B located radially outward from the first outer peripheral surface 121A. The first outer peripheral surface 121A and the second outer peripheral surface 121B are connected by a third surface 121C. The flange portion 121 is the portion that includes the second outer peripheral surface 121B and the third surface 121C. In the example of Figure 12, the flange portion 121 has a rectangular cross-section, but the shape of the flange portion 121 is not particularly limited. The flange portion 121 may be a curved surface such as an arc, or the third surface 121C may be an inclined surface.

[0080] The frame member 30 has a recessed portion 131 into which the flange portion 121 fits. The recessed portion 131 is formed in a concave shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the flange portion 121. Therefore, the depth of the recessed portion 131 is set according to the shape of the flange portion 121. The inner surface of the recessed portion 131 faces the outer periphery of the third surface 121C, the second outer periphery surface 121B, and the surface 20B.

[0081] The adhesive layer 60 is formed between the flange portion 121 and the concave portion 131 of the boundary PB between the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30. This makes it easy to increase the bonding area of ​​the adhesive layer 60. Also, since the path length at the boundary between the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30 is increased, even if water penetrates the boundary, it can be prevented from reaching the inside of the vehicle. Figure 12 shows an example in which the adhesive layer 60 is formed over the entire boundary PB. The adhesive layer 60 may also be formed only in the portion between the flange portion 121 and the concave portion 131.

[0082] It is preferable that the flange portion 121 is provided continuously around the entire circumference of the transparent member 20. In this case, the concave portion 131 is formed around the entire circumference of the inner part of the frame member 30. This increases the bonding area between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30.

[0083] The structure shown in Figure 12 may also be described as having a stepped portion formed on the outer periphery of the transparent member 20, where the first outer periphery surface 121A is recessed radially inward compared to the second outer periphery surface 121B, and the frame member 30 having an inner flange that protrudes radially inward toward the first outer periphery surface 121A.

[0084] (Fourth Embodiment) Figure 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area around the boundary between the transparent member and the frame member in the vehicle glass according to the fourth embodiment. The vehicle glass 1 according to the fourth embodiment differs from the third embodiment in that the flange portion 121 of the transparent member 20 is formed as an inclined surface.

[0085] As shown in Figure 13, in the fourth embodiment, the permeable member 20 has a flange portion 121 that protrudes radially outward toward the frame member 30 at the location where the adhesive layer 60 is formed. In the example in Figure 13, the flange portion 121 is composed of an outer peripheral end surface 21 that is inclined so as to protrude radially outward from surface 20A toward surface 20B. The amount of radial outward protrusion of the flange portion 121 increases as you move from surface 20A toward surface 20B. In the example in Figure 13, the flange portion 121 is composed of a straight outer peripheral end surface 21, but the shape of the flange portion 121 is not particularly limited. The flange portion 121 may be a curved surface such as an arc.

[0086] The frame member 30 has a recessed portion 131 into which the flange portion 121 fits. The recessed portion 131 is formed in a concave shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the flange portion 121. Therefore, the depth of the recessed portion 131 is set according to the shape of the flange portion 121. The inner surface of the recessed portion 131 faces the inclined outer peripheral end face 21 and the outer peripheral portion of the surface 20B.

[0087] The adhesive layer 60 is formed between the flange portion 121 and the concave portion 131 of the boundary portion PB between the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30. This makes it easy to increase the bonding area of ​​the adhesive layer 60. Also, since the path length at the boundary portion PB between the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30 is increased, even if water penetrates the boundary portion PB, it can be prevented from reaching the inside of the vehicle. Furthermore, since no step is formed in the flange portion 121 and it is composed only of a single outer peripheral end face 21, the application process when applying the adhesive layer 60 as a primer is easy, and it is easy to make the thickness tr of the adhesive layer 60 uniform.

[0088] It is preferable that the flange portion 121 is provided continuously around the entire circumference of the transparent member 20. In this case, the concave portion 131 is formed around the entire circumference of the inner part of the frame member 30. This increases the bonding area between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30.

[0089] (Fifth Embodiment) Figure 14 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area around the boundary between the transparent member and the frame member in the vehicle glass according to the fifth embodiment. The vehicle glass 1 according to the fifth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that an uneven portion 140 is formed on at least one of the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30.

[0090] As shown in Figure 14, in the fifth embodiment, at least one of the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 has an uneven portion 140 at the location where the adhesive layer 60 is formed. In the example in Figure 14, a recess 141 is formed on the outer peripheral end face 21 of the transparent member 20, and a protrusion 142 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the frame member 30. The protrusion 142 projects radially inward from the inner peripheral surface of the frame member 30 and extends into the recess 141. As a result, the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 are mechanically connected by the fitting structure of the recess 141 and the protrusion 142. The adhesion by the adhesive layer 60 and the mechanical connection by the recess 141 and the protrusion 142 prevent the transparent member 20 from falling off the frame member 30, for example, when an external force is applied to the transparent member 20 in the Z1 direction. Multiple uneven portions 140 may be provided. The shape of the uneven portion 140 is not particularly limited. In Figure 14, the recess 141 and the protrusion 142 are formed in a rectangular cross-section, but they may also be curved, such as an arc.

[0091] The adhesive layer 60 is formed in the uneven portion 140, specifically between the recessed portion 141 and the convex portion 142, of the boundary portion PB between the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30. This makes it easy to increase the bonding area of ​​the adhesive layer 60. Also, since the path length in the boundary portion PB between the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30 is increased, even if water penetrates the boundary portion PB, it can be prevented from reaching the inside of the vehicle. Figure 14 shows an example in which the adhesive layer 60 is formed only in the portion between the recessed portion 141 and the convex portion 142. The direct contact portion PB1 is formed by the outer peripheral end surface 21 of the permeable member 20 excluding the recessed portion 141 and the inner peripheral surface of the frame member 30 excluding the convex portion 142. In this structure, the adhesive layer 60 is isolated from both the outside and inside of the vehicle by the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30. Therefore, the possibility of the adhesive layer 60 being exposed to sunlight, water, air, etc. can be reduced. Note that the adhesive layer 60 may be formed over the entire boundary portion PB.

[0092] It is preferable that the uneven portion 140 is provided continuously around the entire circumference of the transparent member 20. In this case, the recessed portion 141 is formed around the entire circumference of the inner part of the frame member 30. This increases the contact area between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30.

[0093] The height of the uneven portion 140 (height of the unevenness) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 mm or more. Furthermore, the height of the uneven portion 140 is preferably 7 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or less, and even more preferably 3 mm or less. By setting the height of the uneven portion 140 within this range, the bonding area of ​​the adhesive layer 60 can be effectively increased, and the reduction in strength caused by the formation of unevenness can be suppressed. Here, the height of the uneven portion 140 is the protruding distance of the convex portion 142 in the radial direction. That is, the height of a single uneven portion 140 is the radial distance between the outermost point and the innermost point in the radial direction of the surface where the convex portion is formed (in this example, the inner surface of the frame member 30) in the region where the outer peripheral end surface 21 of the transparent member 20 and the inner peripheral surface of the frame member 30 face each other in the radial direction. When a protrusion is provided on the outer peripheral end face 21 of the transparent member 20, the height of the uneven portion 140 is the radial distance between the outermost point of the outer peripheral end face 21 and the innermost point of the outer peripheral end face 21 in the region where the outer peripheral end face 21 of the transparent member 20 and the inner peripheral surface of the frame member 30 face each other radially. The height of the uneven portion 140 can be calculated, for example, by irradiating the entire surface on which the protrusion 142 is formed (in this example, the inner peripheral surface of the frame member 30) with a laser using a laser displacement meter (Keyence Corporation, inline profile measuring instrument: LJ-X8200) and obtaining a surface profile.

[0094] (Sixth Embodiment) Figure 15 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area around the boundary between the transparent member and the frame member in the vehicle glass according to the sixth embodiment. The vehicle glass 1 according to the sixth embodiment differs from the fifth embodiment in that a plurality of uneven portions 150 are formed on at least one of the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30.

[0095] As shown in Figure 15, in the sixth embodiment, at least one of the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 has an uneven portion 150 at the location where the adhesive layer 60 is formed. In the example in Figure 15, a plurality of uneven portions 150 are formed on the outer peripheral end surface 21 of the transparent member 20 and the inner peripheral surface of the frame member 30, respectively. Hereinafter, the uneven portion 150 of the transparent member 20 will be referred to as uneven portion 150A, the uneven portion 150 of the frame member 30 will be referred to as uneven portion 150B, and if neither is distinguished, it will simply be referred to as uneven portion 150. The uneven portion 150 in Figure 15 has a shape in which recesses and protrusions are arranged regularly or irregularly. Examples of uneven portions 150 in which recesses and protrusions are arranged regularly include a screw shape in which spiral protrusions and recesses are formed at a constant pitch, a bellows-like shape in which ring-shaped protrusions and ring-shaped recesses are arranged alternately in the Z direction, and a shape in which a certain pattern of unevenness repeats, such as knurling. An example of a shape in which recesses and protrusions are irregularly arranged is a shape in which the surface on which the uneven portion 150 is formed is irregularly roughened. The number of recesses in the uneven portion 150 is represented, for example, by the number of vertices of the protruding parts. There are multiple recesses. Preferably, there is one or more recesses, and more preferably three or more. By having three or more recesses, the surface area of ​​the uneven portion 150 can be effectively increased. The number of recesses is the number of protrusions of the transparent member 20 that are in contact with the frame member 30 via the adhesive layer 60. In Figure 15, four protrusions of the transparent member 20 are in contact with the frame member 30 via the adhesive layer 60, so the number of recesses in the cross-section shown in Figure 15 is four.

[0096] In the example shown in Figure 15, the uneven portion 150A of the transparent member 20 is provided on the outer peripheral end surface 21. In Figure 15, the uneven portion 150A is formed over the entire outer peripheral end surface 21. The uneven portion 150A may also be formed on only a part of the outer peripheral end surface 21. The uneven portion 150B is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the frame member 30 (holding portion 31) in a range corresponding to the formation range of the uneven portion 150A. The uneven portion 150A and the uneven portion 150B are interlocked, with one recess interlocking with the other.

[0097] The adhesive layer 60 is formed between the uneven portion 150A and the uneven portion 150B of the boundary PB between the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30. This makes it easy to increase the bonding area of ​​the adhesive layer 60. In addition, since the path length at the boundary PB between the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30 is increased, even if water penetrates the boundary PB, it can be prevented from reaching the inside of the vehicle.

[0098] In the sixth embodiment, the frame member 30 is formed by injection molding with an adhesive layer 60 applied to the outer periphery of the transparent member 20 on which the uneven portion 150A is formed, thereby creating an uneven portion 150B that interlocks with the uneven portion 150A with the adhesive layer 60 in between. As a result, the adhesive surface between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 is firmly bonded not only by adhesion with the adhesive layer 60 but also mechanically.

[0099] It is preferable that the uneven portion 150 is provided continuously around the entire circumference of the transparent member 20. This increases the contact area between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30.

[0100] The height of the uneven portion 150 (height of the unevenness) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.5 mm or more, and even more preferably 1 mm or more. On the other hand, the height of the uneven portion 150 is preferably 2 mm or less. By setting the height of the uneven portion 150 within this range, the bonding area of ​​the adhesive layer 60 can be effectively increased, and the reduction in strength of the outer periphery caused by the formation of unevenness on the outer periphery end surface 21 of the transparent member 20 can be suppressed. Here, the height of the uneven portion 150 is the protruding distance of the convex portion in the radial direction. Furthermore, the height of the uneven portion 150 is preferably 1% to 75% of the thickness of the transparent member 20, more preferably 5% to 50%, and even more preferably 10% to 25%. By having the height of the uneven portion 150 within this range, an appropriate contact area corresponding to the thickness of the transparent member 20 can be secured. The height of the uneven portion 150 can be calculated, for example, by irradiating the entire surface on which the uneven portion 150 (150A, 150B) is formed with a laser using a laser displacement meter (Keyence Corporation, in-line profile measuring instrument: LJ-X8200) and obtaining a surface profile. Specifically, the height of the uneven portion 150 is the difference between the maximum height of the recess (depth of the shallowest valley) and the minimum height of the convex portion (height of the lowest peak) in the surface profile of the uneven portion 150. If the uneven portion 150 includes uneven portion 150A and uneven portion 150B, then for the height of the uneven portion 150 to fall within the above range (for example, a range of 0.1 mm or more) means that both the height of uneven portion 150A and the height of uneven portion 150B each fall within the above range.

[0101] When the uneven portion 150 is composed of an uneven surface with an irregularly roughened surface, it is preferable that the arithmetic mean roughness Ra value of the uneven portion 150 is 0.1 μm or more. Preferably, the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the uneven portion 150 is 1 μm or more, and more preferably 5 μm or more. This effectively increases the bonding area of ​​the adhesive layer 60. Note that the arithmetic mean roughness Ra refers to the arithmetic mean roughness Ra specified in JIS B 0601:2001.

[0102] (Seventh Embodiment) Figure 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area around the boundary between the transparent member and the frame member in the vehicle glass according to the seventh embodiment. In the vehicle glass 1 according to the seventh embodiment, the formation area of ​​the adhesive layer 60 differs from that of the first embodiment.

[0103] In the seventh embodiment, the adhesive layer 60 provided on the surface 20B of the transparent member 20 on the Z2 direction side extends beyond the boundary PB between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30, and is formed to a position radially inward from the inner circumference end 30E of the frame member 30.

[0104] The adhesive layer 60 extends from the outer periphery of the surface 20B (the outer periphery facing surface FS that faces the seat surface 34A) to a position radially inward from the outer periphery facing surface FS. The adhesive layer 60 is formed from a position radially outside the inner periphery end 30E of the frame member 30, beyond the position of the end 30E, and to a position radially inward from the end 30E. The end 60E of the adhesive layer 60 is located radially inward from the end 30E. By forming the adhesive layer 60 to a position radially inward from the inner periphery end 30E of the frame member 30, the bonding area between the permeable member 20 (surface 20B) and the frame member 30 (base portion 34) can be reliably maximized without being affected by dimensional variations or material shrinkage during molding. Furthermore, since the interior side (Z2 direction side) of the transparent member 20 is not visible from the exterior side, the adhesive layer 60 is formed to a position radially inward from the inner circumference end 30E of the frame member 30, and even if the adhesive layer 60 protrudes radially inward from the boundary PB, it does not affect the aesthetic appearance. Even if the adhesive layer 60 is exposed on the interior side (Z2 direction side) of the transparent member 20, it is covered by the far-infrared camera CA1 and bracket 40 as shown in Figure 5, so it does not affect the aesthetic appearance on the interior side.

[0105] The amount of overhang (radial length) of the adhesive layer 60 from the end portion 30E (boundary portion PB) is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to minimize it while ensuring that it overhangs from the end portion 30E. The amount of radial overhang of the adhesive layer 60 from the end portion 30E is, for example, 0.1 mm or more. The amount of radial overhang of the adhesive layer 60 from the end portion 34E is preferably 0.2 mm or more, and more preferably 0.3 mm or more. The amount of radial overhang of the adhesive layer 60 from the end portion 30E is, for example, 3 mm or less. The amount of radial overhang of the adhesive layer 60 from the end portion 34E is preferably 2 mm or less, and more preferably 1 mm or less.

[0106] (Effects) As described above, the vehicle glass 1 according to the first aspect of the present disclosure comprises a glass member 10 having an opening 19 that penetrates from the surface on the Z1 direction side to the surface on the Z2 direction side, and a far-infrared transmitting unit U disposed inside the opening 19. The far-infrared transmitting unit U includes a transmitting member 20 that transmits far-infrared rays and a frame member 30 that holds the transmitting member 20. In the thickness direction of the transmitting member 20, the step D1 between the surface 20A on the Z1 direction side of the transmitting member 20 and the surface 30A on the Z1 direction side of the frame member 30 is 0.3 mm or less, and the outer periphery of the transmitting member 20 and the inner periphery of the frame member 30 are bonded together via an adhesive layer 60 with a thickness of 100 μm or less. According to this disclosure, a structure is adopted in which an adhesive layer 60 with a thickness of 100 μm or less is interposed between the outer periphery of the permeable member 20 and the inner periphery of the frame member 30. Therefore, the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30 can be manufactured by integral molding (insert molding) with the adhesive layer 60 interposed as a primer. Integral molding allows for high positional accuracy of the frame member 30 relative to the permeable member 20, so that the step difference D1 between the surface 20A on the Z1 direction side of the permeable member 20 and the surface 30A on the Z1 direction side of the frame member 30 can be kept within 0.3 mm, thereby realizing a structure in which wiping by a wiper is not hindered. Furthermore, integral molding allows the adhesive layer 60 to adhere sufficiently to both the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30. As a result, the watertightness at the boundary PB between the permeable member 20 and the frame member 30 can be improved without hindering wiping by a wiper.

[0107] The vehicle glass 1 according to the second aspect of this disclosure is the vehicle glass 1 according to the first aspect, wherein the adhesive layer 60 contains a silane coupling agent. This allows for strong bonding between inorganic materials and organic materials, which are generally difficult to bond, through silane coupling bonds. Therefore, the inorganic material contained in the transparent member 20 and the organic material (resin) constituting the frame member 30 can be sufficiently bonded to obtain high watertightness. Furthermore, compared to the case without a silane coupling agent, peeling at the bonded area can be suppressed, thus enabling the maintenance of watertightness over a longer period and improvement of weather resistance.

[0108] The vehicle glass 1 according to the third aspect of this disclosure is the vehicle glass according to the first or second aspect, wherein the adhesive layer 60 is formed in an annular shape along the outer circumference of the transparent member 20. This provides high watertightness over the entire circumference of the boundary PB between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30.

[0109] The vehicle glass 1 according to the fourth aspect of this disclosure is a vehicle glass according to any of the first to third aspects, wherein a direct contact portion PB1 is formed in the boundary portion PB between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30, on the Z1 direction side of the adhesive layer 60, where the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 are in contact without any gaps. As a result, the adhesive layer 60 does not need to be exposed to the Z1 direction side (outside the vehicle) due to the presence of the direct contact portion PB1. Since the adhesive layer 60 is prevented from being exposed to water and sunlight from the Z1 direction side, deterioration of the adhesive layer 60 can be suppressed. As a result, watertightness can be maintained and weather resistance can be improved.

[0110] The vehicle glass 1 according to the fifth aspect of this disclosure is a vehicle glass according to any of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the transparent member 20 has a flange portion 121 that protrudes toward the frame member 30 at the location where the adhesive layer 60 is formed. This makes it easy to increase the surface area of ​​the location where the adhesive layer 60 is formed by the flange portion 121. In addition, since the path length at the boundary PB between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 is increased, even if water penetrates the boundary PB, it can be prevented from reaching the Z2 direction side (inside the vehicle) of the vehicle glass 1. As a result, watertightness and adhesive strength can be improved.

[0111] The vehicle glass 1 according to the sixth aspect of this disclosure is a vehicle glass according to any of the first to fifth aspects, wherein at least one of the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 has an uneven portion (uneven portion 140, uneven portion 150) at the location where the adhesive layer 60 is formed. This makes it easy to increase the surface area of ​​the location where the adhesive layer 60 is formed by the uneven portion. In addition, since the path length at the boundary PB between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 is increased, even if water penetrates the boundary PB, it can be prevented from reaching the Z2 direction side (inside the vehicle) of the vehicle glass 1. As a result, watertightness and adhesive strength can be improved.

[0112] The vehicle glass 1 according to the seventh aspect of this disclosure is a vehicle glass according to any of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the frame member 30 has a peripheral wall portion 33 surrounding the outer periphery of the transparent member 20, and the thickness of the peripheral wall portion 33 is 0.5 mm or more. Here, if the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 are manufactured by integral molding, stress will be generated due to the difference in the coefficient of linear expansion between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30. Therefore, by providing the frame member 30 with a peripheral wall portion 33 with a thickness of 0.5 mm or more, the mechanical strength of the frame member 30 can be improved.

[0113] The vehicle glass 1 according to the eighth aspect of this disclosure is a vehicle glass according to any of the first to seventh aspects, wherein the step D1 between the surface 20A on the Z1 direction side of the transparent member 20 and the surface 30A on the Z1 direction side of the frame member 30 in the thickness direction of the transparent member 20 is 0.15 mm or less. This further reduces the resistance when wiping with a wiper.

[0114] The vehicle glass 1 according to the ninth aspect of this disclosure is a vehicle glass according to any of the first to eighth aspects, wherein the thickness tr of the adhesive layer 60 is 30 μm or less. This reduces the gap (thickness of the adhesive layer 60) at the boundary PB between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30, improving watertightness and suppressing exposure of the adhesive layer 60 to water and sunlight. Therefore, deterioration of the adhesive layer 60 is suppressed, and reliability and weather resistance can be improved.

[0115] The vehicle glass 1 according to the tenth aspect of this disclosure is a vehicle glass according to any of the first to third aspects, wherein the adhesive layer 60 is filled between the outer peripheral end surface 21 of the transparent member 20 and the inner peripheral wall surface 33A of the frame member 30. As a result, the minute gap between the outer peripheral end surface 21 of the transparent member 20 and the inner peripheral wall surface 33A of the frame member 30 can be filled with the adhesive layer 60, thereby improving watertightness.

[0116] The vehicle glass 1 according to the eleventh aspect of this disclosure is a vehicle glass according to any of the first to tenth aspects, wherein the surface 20A on the Z1 direction side of the transparent member 20 has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra value of 1 μm or less. This improves the wiping performance by the wiper and suppresses the deterioration of the wiper due to friction with the surface 20A.

[0117] The vehicle glass 1 according to the twelfth aspect of this disclosure is a vehicle glass according to any of the first to eleventh aspects, wherein the surface 30A on the Z1 direction side of the frame member 30 has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra value of 10 μm or less. This improves the wiping performance by the wiper and suppresses the deterioration of the wiper due to friction with the surface 30A.

[0118] The vehicle glass 1 according to the thirteenth aspect of this disclosure is a vehicle glass according to any of the first to twelfth aspects, wherein the adhesive layer 60 is provided on the surface 20B of the transparent member 20 on the Z2 direction side of the boundary portion PB between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30, and extends to the inner circumference end portion 30E of the frame member 30. This maximizes the adhesive area between the transparent member 20 (surface 20B) and the frame member 30. As a result, the reliability of the adhesion between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 is improved. Furthermore, the watertightness of the boundary portion between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30 is improved.

[0119] The vehicle glass 1 according to the 14th aspect of this disclosure is the vehicle glass according to the 13th aspect, wherein the adhesive layer 60 provided on the surface 20B on the Z2 direction side of the transparent member 20 extends beyond the boundary PB between the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30, and is formed to a position radially inward from the inner circumference end 30E of the frame member 30. This ensures that the adhesive area between the transparent member 20 (surface 20B) and the frame member 30 is maximized without being affected by dimensional variations or material shrinkage during molding.

[0120] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the embodiments are not limited to those described herein. Furthermore, the aforementioned components include those that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those that fall within the so-called equivalent range. Moreover, the aforementioned components can be combined as appropriate. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, or modifications of the components can be made without departing from the spirit of the embodiments described above.

[0121] 1 Vehicle glass 10 Glass member 19 Opening 20 Transmitting member 30 Frame member 31 Holding part 32 Fixing part 33 Peripheral wall part 34 Base part 50 Adhesive 60 Adhesive layer 100 Camera unit 121 Flange part 140, 150, 150A, 150B Uneven part A1 Light-transmitting area A2, A2a Light-blocking area B Far-infrared transmitting area C Visible light transmitting area CA1 Far-infrared camera CA2 Visible light camera D1 Step D2 Step PB Boundary part PB1 Direct contact part tr Thickness (thickness of adhesive layer) tw Thickness (thickness of peripheral wall part) U Far-infrared transmitting unit V Vehicle

Claims

1. A glass member for vehicles comprising: a glass member having an opening formed therein that penetrates from the surface on a first direction side to the surface on a second direction side opposite to the first direction; and a far-infrared transmitting unit disposed inside the opening, wherein the far-infrared transmitting unit includes a transmitting member that transmits far-infrared rays and a frame member that holds the transmitting member, wherein in the thickness direction of the transmitting member, the step difference between the surface of the transmitting member on the first direction side and the surface of the frame member on the first direction side is 0.3 mm or less, and the outer periphery of the transmitting member and the inner periphery of the frame member are bonded together via an adhesive layer with a thickness of 100 μm or less.

2. The vehicle glass according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer contains a silane coupling agent.

3. The vehicle glass according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer is formed in an annular shape along the outer periphery of the transparent member.

4. The vehicle glass according to claim 1, wherein, at the boundary between the transparent member and the frame member, a direct contact portion is formed on the side of the adhesive layer in the first direction, in which the transparent member and the frame member are in contact without any gaps.

5. The vehicle glass according to claim 1, wherein the transparent member has a flange portion that protrudes toward the frame member at the location where the adhesive layer is formed.

6. The vehicle glass according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the transparent member and the frame member has an uneven portion at the location where the adhesive layer is formed.

7. The frame member has a peripheral wall portion surrounding the outer periphery of the transparent member, and the thickness of the peripheral wall portion is 0.5 mm or more, as described in claim 1.

8. In the thickness direction of the transparent member, the step difference between the surface of the transparent member on the first direction side and the surface of the frame member on the first direction side is 0.15 mm or less, as described in claim 1.

9. The vehicle glass according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the adhesive layer is 30 μm or less.

10. The vehicle glass according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer is filled between the outer peripheral end surface of the transparent member and the inner peripheral wall surface of the frame member.

11. The vehicle glass according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the transparent member on the first direction side has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra value of 1 μm or less.

12. The vehicle glass according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the frame member on the first direction side has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra value of 10 μm or less.

13. The vehicle glass according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer is provided on the surface of the transparent member on the second direction side of the boundary between the transparent member and the frame member, and extends to the inner circumference end of the frame member.

14. The vehicle glass according to claim 13, wherein the adhesive layer provided on the second-direction surface of the transparent member extends beyond the boundary between the transparent member and the frame member and is formed to a position radially inward from the inner circumference end of the frame member.

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