Vehicular glass

Abstract

The present invention appropriately attaches a transmissive member to a glass member while appropriately absorbing far infrared rays. This vehicular glass (1) comprises: a glass member (10) in which an opening (19) is formed; a transmissive member (20) provided in the opening (19) and including a base material (22) that transmits far infrared rays and an antireflection film (24B); a frame member (30) having a wall part (31), which is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the opening (19) and the outer peripheral surface (21) of the transmissive member (20), and a support part (33), which protrudes inward from the wall part (31) and supports a surface (20B) of the transmissive member (20); and an adhesive layer (52) that bonds the surface (20B) of the transmissive member (20) and the support part (33) to each other. In the transmissive member (20), a member in an adhesive region (AR1), overlapping the support part (33) in a Z direction, of the surface (20B) has better adhesive compatibility with the adhesive layer (52) than a member in a non-adhesive region (AR2) that is inside the adhesive region (AR1) and does not overlap the support part (33).

Description

Vehicle glass

[0001] The present invention relates to vehicle glass.

[0002] For the purpose of improving the safety of vehicles such as automobiles, various sensors may be attached. Examples of sensors attached to vehicles include cameras, LiDAR (Light Detecting and Ranging), millimeter-wave radars, infrared sensors, and the like.

[0003] Patent Document 1 describes a vehicle glass in which an opening is formed in a glass member, a transmission member that can transmit far infrared rays is provided in the opening, and far infrared rays are received through the transmission member. In Patent Document 1, a functional film (anti-reflection film) of an inorganic oxide that suppresses the reflection of far infrared rays is coated on the surface of the base material of the transmission member.

[0004] International Publication No. 2022 / 045011

[0005] Such a transmission member is attached to the glass member via a frame member, and the transmission member and the frame member may be joined with an adhesive. However, due to the poor compatibility regarding the adhesiveness between the functional film on the surface of the transmission member and the adhesive, it may not be possible to adhere properly to the frame member, and there is a risk that the transmission member cannot be properly attached to the glass member. Also, when the transmission member is attached to the glass member via a frame member, the frame member and the adhesive may interfere, and there is a risk that far infrared rays cannot be sufficiently taken in. Therefore, it is required to properly attach the transmission member to the glass member while appropriately taking in far infrared rays.

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle glass capable of properly attaching a transmission member to a glass member while appropriately taking in far infrared rays.

[0007] The vehicle glass according to this disclosure comprises a glass member having an opening formed therein that penetrates from the surface on the first direction side in the thickness direction to the surface on the second direction side opposite to the first direction; a transparent member provided in the opening and including a substrate that transmits far infrared rays and an anti-reflective film mainly composed of inorganic material provided on the second direction side of the substrate; a frame member having a wall portion provided between the inner circumferential surface of the opening and the outer circumferential surface of the transparent member, and a support portion that protrudes inward from the wall portion and supports the surface of the transparent member on the second direction side; and an adhesive layer that adheres the surface of the transparent member on the second direction side and the support portion, wherein the transparent member has better adhesion compatibility with the adhesive layer in the adhesive region of the second direction side surface that overlaps with the support portion in the thickness direction than the member in the non-adhesive region that is inside the adhesive region and does not overlap with the support portion.

[0008] The vehicle glass according to this disclosure comprises: a glass member having an opening formed therein that penetrates from the surface on the first direction side in the thickness direction to the surface on the second direction side opposite to the first direction; a transparent member provided in the opening and including a substrate that transmits far infrared rays, an anti-reflective film mainly composed of inorganic material provided on the second direction side of the substrate, and an adhesive film mainly composed of inorganic material provided on the second direction side of the anti-reflective film; a frame member having a wall portion provided between the inner circumferential surface of the opening and the outer circumferential surface of the transparent member, and a support portion that protrudes inward from the wall portion and supports the surface of the adhesive film on the second direction side; and an adhesive layer that adheres the surface of the adhesive film on the second direction side to the support portion, wherein the adhesive film has better compatibility with the adhesive layer in terms of adhesion than the anti-reflective film.

[0009] According to the present invention, a transparent member can be properly attached to a glass member while appropriately capturing far-infrared rays.

[0010] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the vehicle glass according to the first embodiment mounted on a vehicle. Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the vehicle glass according to the first embodiment. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A in Figure 2. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along line B-B in Figure 2. Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the transparent member according to the embodiment. Figure 6 is a schematic top view of the transparent member according to this embodiment. Figure 7 is a schematic top view of a transparent member according to another example of this embodiment. Figure 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the periphery of the far-infrared transmission area in the vehicle glass. Figure 9 is a diagram showing an example configuration when a far-infrared camera is attached to the vehicle glass. Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transparent member according to another example. Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transparent member according to another example. Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transparent member according to another example. Figure 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the periphery of the far-infrared transmission area in another example. Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the transparent member according to the second embodiment. Figure 15 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the periphery of the far-infrared transmission area in the second embodiment. Figure 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the far-infrared transmission region in another example.

[0011] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and if there are multiple embodiments, they may be constructed by combining each embodiment. Furthermore, numerical values ​​include a range of rounding. In addition, in this embodiment, the lower and upper limits can be combined as appropriate. That is, for example, if a lower limit is listed for a certain parameter and an upper limit is listed for that parameter, the lower limit may be any value selected from the listed lower limits, and the upper limit may be any value selected from the listed upper limits.

[0012] (First Embodiment) (Vehicle) Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the vehicle glass according to the first embodiment mounted on a vehicle. As shown in Figure 1, the vehicle glass 1 according to the first embodiment is mounted on a vehicle V. The vehicle glass 1 is a window member applied to the windshield of the vehicle V. That is, the vehicle glass 1 is used as the front windshield of the vehicle V, or in other words, as a windshield. Inside the vehicle V, a far-infrared camera CA1 and a visible light camera CA2 are mounted. The inside of the vehicle V refers to, for example, the interior of the vehicle where the driver's seat is located.

[0013] The vehicle glass 1, far-infrared camera CA1, and visible light camera CA2 constitute the camera unit 100. The far-infrared camera CA1 is a camera that detects far-infrared rays. The far-infrared camera CA1 captures a thermal image of the outside of the vehicle V by detecting far-infrared rays from outside the vehicle V. The visible light camera CA2 is a camera that detects visible light. The visible light camera CA2 captures an image of the outside of the vehicle V by detecting visible light from outside the vehicle V. In addition to the far-infrared camera CA1 and the visible light camera CA2, the camera unit 100 may further include, for example, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) or millimeter-wave radar. Here, far-infrared rays refer to, for example, electromagnetic waves in the wavelength band of 8 μm to 12 μm, and visible light refers to, for example, electromagnetic waves in the wavelength band of 380 nm to 830 nm.

[0014] (Vehicle Glass) Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of vehicle glass according to the first embodiment. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A in Figure 2. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along line B-B in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, the upper edge of the vehicle glass 1 will be referred to as the upper edge portion 1a, the lower edge as the lower edge portion 1b, one side edge as the side edge portion 1c, and the other side edge as the side edge portion 1d. The upper edge portion 1a is the edge portion located on the vertically upper side when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V. The lower edge portion 1b is the edge portion located on the vertically lower side when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V. The side edge portion 1c is the edge portion located on one side when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V. The side edge portion 1d is the edge portion located on the other side when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V.

[0015] Hereinafter, among the directions parallel to the surface of the vehicle glass 1, the direction from the upper edge 1a to the lower edge 1b will be defined as the Y direction, and the direction from the side edge 1c to the side edge 1d will be defined as the X direction. In this embodiment, the X direction and the Y direction are orthogonal. The direction perpendicular to the surface of the vehicle glass 1, that is, the thickness direction of the vehicle glass 1, will be defined as the Z direction. Furthermore, one direction along the Z direction will be defined as the Z1 direction (first direction), and the direction opposite to the Z1 direction will be defined as the Z2 direction (second direction). The Z1 direction is, for example, the direction from the inside to the outside of the vehicle V when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V. The Z2 direction is, for example, the direction from the outside to the inside of the vehicle V when the vehicle glass 1 is mounted on the vehicle V. The X direction and the Y direction are along the surface of the vehicle glass 1, but for example, if the surface of the vehicle glass 1 is curved, they may be directions that are tangent to the surface of the vehicle glass 1 at the center point O of the vehicle glass 1. The center point O is the central position of the vehicle glass 1 when viewed from the Z direction.

[0016] The vehicle glass 1 has a light-transmitting region A1 and a light-blocking region A2. The light-transmitting region A1 is the central part of the vehicle glass 1 when viewed from the Z direction. The light-transmitting region A1 is the region that ensures the driver's field of view. The light-transmitting region A1 is the region that transmits visible light. The light-blocking region A2 is the region that is formed around the light-transmitting region A1 when viewed from the Z direction. The light-blocking region A2 is the region that blocks visible light and ultraviolet light (ultraviolet light). Within the light-blocking region A2a, which is the part on the upper edge 1a side of the light-blocking region A2, a far-infrared transmitting region B and a visible light transmitting region C are formed.

[0017] The far-infrared transmission region B is a region that transmits far-infrared rays and is the region in which the far-infrared camera CA1 is installed. That is, the far-infrared camera CA1 is installed in a position that overlaps with the far-infrared transmission region B when viewed from the optical axis direction of the far-infrared camera CA1. The visible light transmission region C is a region that transmits visible light and is the region in which the visible light camera CA2 is installed. That is, the visible light camera CA2 is installed in a position that overlaps with the visible light transmission region C when viewed from the optical axis direction of the visible light camera CA2. Thus, in this embodiment, the far-infrared transmission region B (the opening 19 described later) is formed within the light-shielding region A2a, which is the part of the light-shielding region A2 that is on the upper edge 1a side of the center point O (for example, in the vicinity of the upper edge 1a). However, the far-infrared transmission region B (the opening 19 described later) is not limited to being formed within the light-shielding region A2a, but may be formed in any region on the surface of the glass member 10. For example, the far-infrared transmission region B (the opening 19 described later) may be formed at a position closer to the lower edge 1b than the center point O of the glass member 10 (for example, in the vicinity of the lower edge 1b). The same applies to the visible light transmission region C.

[0018] As described above, the light-shielding region A2 has a far-infrared transmitting region B and a visible light transmitting region C. Therefore, the light-shielding region A2 blocks far-infrared rays in areas other than where the far-infrared transmitting region B is formed, and blocks visible light in areas other than where the visible light transmitting region C is formed. The far-infrared transmitting region B and the visible light transmitting region C are surrounded by a light-shielding region A2a. This surrounding light-shielding region A2a is preferable because it protects the various sensors from sunlight. It is also preferable from a design standpoint because the wiring of the various sensors is not visible from outside the vehicle.

[0019] As shown in Figure 3, the vehicle glass 1 comprises a glass member 10. The glass member 10 is the main body portion of the vehicle glass 1 that constitutes the windshield of the vehicle V. The glass member 10 may be single-pane glass or laminated glass, but in this embodiment, the glass member 10 is laminated glass in which a first glass base 12 and a second glass base 14, which are provided on the outside of the vehicle, are laminated with an intermediate layer 16 in between. Specifically, the glass member 10 comprises a first glass base 12, a second glass base 14, an intermediate layer 16, and a light-shielding layer 18. In the vehicle glass 1, the first glass base 12, the intermediate layer 16, the second glass base 14, and the light-shielding layer 18 are laminated in this order in the Z2 direction. The first glass base 12 and the second glass base 14 are fixed (bonded) to each other via the intermediate layer 16.

[0020] The glass substrate may be inorganic glass or organic glass. Examples of inorganic glass include soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, and quartz glass, which can be used without particular restriction. Among these, soda-lime glass is particularly preferred in terms of manufacturing cost and moldability. For example, in the case of inorganic glass, glass plates formed by the float process are preferred. When the first glass substrate 12 and the second glass substrate 14 are inorganic glass, the first glass substrate 12 and the second glass substrate 14 may be either untempered glass or tempered glass. Tempered glass may be either physically tempered glass or chemically tempered glass. Untempered glass is obtained by forming molten glass into a plate and slowly cooling it. Tempered glass is obtained by forming a compressive stress layer on the surface of untempered glass. Tempered glass may be either physically tempered glass or chemically tempered glass. In the case of physically strengthened glass, the glass surface may be strengthened by creating a compressive stress layer on the glass surface due to the temperature difference between the glass surface and the inside of the glass, through operations other than slow cooling, such as air-cooled strengthening, where a uniformly heated glass plate is rapidly cooled from a temperature near its softening point during bending. In the case of chemically strengthened glass, the glass surface may be strengthened after bending by creating compressive stress on the glass surface by methods such as ion exchange. Known molding techniques such as gravity molding, press molding, and roller molding may be used for bending the glass substrate. Glass that absorbs ultraviolet or infrared rays may also be used. Furthermore, the first glass substrate 12 and the second glass substrate 14 may be transparent or colored. The plate thickness of the first glass substrate 12 and the second glass substrate 14 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 mm or more, more preferably 0.5 mm or more, even more preferably 1 mm or more, even more preferably 1.5 mm or more, and most preferably 2 mm or more. Furthermore, the plate thickness of the first glass substrate 12 and the second glass substrate 14 is preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 4 mm or less, and even more preferably 3 mm or less. The intermediate layer 16 is an adhesive layer that bonds the first glass substrate 12 and the second glass substrate 14.As the intermediate layer 16, known materials such as polyvinyl butyral (hereinafter also referred to as PVB) modified material, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) material, urethane resin material, and vinyl chloride resin material can be used. The intermediate layer 16 may also contain functional particles such as ultraviolet absorbers, infrared absorbers, adhesion enhancers, antioxidants, and light stabilizers. The intermediate layer 16 may be transparent or colored. The intermediate layer 16 may also have a multilayer structure of two or more layers. More specifically, the first glass substrate 12 includes one surface 12A (the surface on the Z1 direction) and the other surface 12B (the surface on the Z2 direction), and the other surface 12B is in contact with one surface 16A (the surface on the Z1 direction) of the intermediate layer 16 and is fixed (adhered) to the intermediate layer 16. The second glass substrate 14 includes one surface 14A (the surface facing the Z1 direction) and the other surface 14B (the surface facing the Z2 direction), and the one surface 14A is in contact with the other surface 16B (the surface facing the Z2 direction) of the intermediate layer 16 and is fixed (bonded) to the intermediate layer 16. Thus, the vehicle glass 1 is a laminated glass in which the first glass substrate 12 and the second glass substrate 14 are laminated. However, the vehicle glass 1 is not limited to laminated glass, and may be a configuration that includes only one of the first glass substrate 12 and the second glass substrate 14 (i.e., a single-pane glass). In this case, the intermediate layer 16 may not be provided. The intermediate layer 16 may contain a heat-generating film (PET substrate), a heating device, an antenna, a liquid crystal device, a dimming device, an image projection layer, an emitting layer, a heat-reflective layer, etc. Hereinafter, when the first glass substrate 12 and the second glass substrate 14 are not distinguished, they will be referred to as glass substrates. When the vehicle glass 1 is installed in a vehicle, the vehicle glass 1 may have a curved shape that protrudes outwards from the vehicle. The curved shape of the vehicle glass 1 from the periphery to the center may be a curved shape in only one direction, a curved shape in two perpendicular directions, or a curved shape in three or more directions. The thickness of the vehicle glass 1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 mm or more, more preferably 4 mm or more, even more preferably 4.5 mm or more, even more preferably 5 mm or more, and most preferably 6 mm or more.Furthermore, the thickness of the vehicle glass 1 is preferably 10 mm or less, more preferably 9 mm or less, even more preferably 8 mm or less, and most preferably 7 mm or less. In this embodiment, the upper and lower limits can be combined as appropriate. Also, if the vehicle glass 1 is laminated glass, the above thickness may be read as the total thickness of the laminated glass.

[0021] (Light-shielding layer) The light-shielding layer 18 is a layer that shields visible light (wavelength 380 nm to 830 nm). The light-shielding layer 18 may be provided in a band shape along the periphery of the vehicle glass 1. This suppresses the deterioration of aesthetics due to refraction of the glass substrate. The light-shielding layer 18 is also a layer that shields ultraviolet rays (wavelength 300 nm to 380 nm). This suppresses the exposure of components that are easily degraded by ultraviolet rays (for example, the intermediate layer 16 and the adhesive layer 50 described later) to sunlight. Preferably, the light-shielding layer 18 also shields infrared rays (wavelength 830 nm to 2000 nm). Shielding is achieved, for example, by absorbing the target light ray. For example, the visible light transmittance and ultraviolet light transmittance of the light-shielding layer 18 are 5% or less, preferably 3% or less, more preferably 1% or less, and even more preferably substantially 0%. The degree of shielding may vary depending on the wavelength of the light ray. The transmittance of light at each wavelength can be measured, for example, using an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrophotometer (manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, product name: U-4100).

[0022] The light-shielding layer 18 is configured as a substantially opaque layer. For example, a ceramic light-shielding layer or a light-shielding film can be used as the light-shielding layer 18. As a ceramic light-shielding layer, for example, a ceramic layer made of a conventionally known material such as a black ceramic layer can be used. As a light-shielding film, for example, a light-shielding polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a light-shielding polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film, a light-shielding polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film, etc. can be used. The light-shielding layer 18 includes one surface 18A (the surface on the Z1 direction side) and the other surface 18B (the surface on the Z2 direction side). In the example of Figure 3, one surface 18A is in contact with and fixed to the other surface 14B of the second glass substrate 14, but it is not limited to this. For example, the light-shielding layer 18 may be provided on the surface 12B of the first glass substrate 12. In this case, the light-shielding layer 18 may not be provided on the second glass substrate 14. In other words, the light-shielding layer 18 may be provided on the surface 14B of the second glass substrate 14, on the surface 12B of the first glass substrate 12, or on both surfaces 14B and 12B.

[0023] In the first embodiment, the side of the vehicle glass 1 on which the light-shielding layer 18 is provided is the interior side (Z2 direction side), and the side on which the first glass substrate 12 is provided is the exterior side (Z1 direction side). However, it is not limited to this, and the light-shielding layer 18 may be provided on the exterior side of the vehicle V. If the vehicle glass 1 is made of laminated glass of a first glass substrate 12 and a second glass substrate 14, the light-shielding layer 18 may be formed between the first glass substrate 12 and the second glass substrate 14. That is, the light-shielding layer 18 may be formed on, for example, the surface 12B or the surface 14A, or a part of the intermediate layer 16 may be the light-shielding layer 18. If a part of the intermediate layer 16 is the light-shielding layer 18, a part of the intermediate layer 16 may be colored with a dark pigment, or a layer containing a dark pigment may be provided in a part of the intermediate layer 16.

[0024] The light-shielding region A2 is formed by providing a light-shielding layer 18 on the glass member 10. In other words, the light-shielding region A2 is the region in which the glass member 10 is equipped with the light-shielding layer 18. Specifically, the light-shielding region A2 is the region in which the first glass substrate 12, the intermediate layer 16, the second glass substrate 14, and the light-shielding layer 18 are laminated. On the other hand, the light-transmitting region A1 is the region in which the glass member 10 is not equipped with the light-shielding layer 18. Specifically, the light-transmitting region A1 is the region in which the first glass substrate 12, the intermediate layer 16, and the second glass substrate 14 are laminated, but the light-shielding layer 18 is not laminated. As described above, the light-shielding region A2 blocks ultraviolet rays with the light-shielding layer 18. The ultraviolet transmittance of the light-shielding region A2 is lower than that of the region without the light-shielding layer 18 (light-transmitting region A1, far-infrared transmitting region B, and visible light transmitting region C).

[0025] As shown in Figure 4, the visible light transmission region C, like the light-transmitting region A1, is a region in the Z direction where the glass member 10 does not have a light-shielding layer 18. That is, the visible light transmission region C is a region where the first glass substrate 12, the intermediate layer 16, and the second glass substrate 14 are laminated, and the light-shielding layer 18 is not laminated.

[0026] (Far-infrared transmitting unit) The vehicle glass 1 has a far-infrared transmitting unit U. Specifically, the vehicle glass 1 has an opening 19 formed in the glass member 10, and the far-infrared transmitting unit U is provided in the opening 19. The opening 19 is an opening that penetrates from the inner surface 10B (surface 18B in the Z2 direction) of the glass member 10 to the outer surface 10A (surface 12A in the Z1 direction). The opening 19 is formed in the light-shielding region A2a. The light-shielding region A2a surrounds the opening 19. The region where the opening 19 is formed and the far-infrared transmitting unit U is provided is the far-infrared transmitting region B. The far-infrared transmitting region B does not have a light-shielding layer 18. That is, in the far-infrared transmitting region B, the first glass substrate 12, the intermediate layer 16, the second glass substrate 14, and the light-shielding layer 18 are not provided, and the far-infrared transmitting unit U is provided in the formed opening 19. Furthermore, the opening 19 (far-infrared transmission region B) is not limited to being formed within the light-shielding region A2a, but may also be formed outside the light-shielding region A2a. In other words, the opening 19 (far-infrared transmission region B) may be formed in any region on the surface of the glass member 10.

[0027] The far-infrared transmission unit U comprises a transmission member 20, a frame member 30 provided on the periphery of the transmission member 20, an adhesive layer 50 for bonding the frame member 30 and the glass member 10, and an adhesive layer 52 for bonding the transmission member 20 and the frame member 30. In the following description, when the transmission member 20 is viewed from the Z direction, the direction toward the geometric center of the transmission member 20 (opening 19) may be described as the radially inward direction, and the direction away from the geometric center may be described as the radially outward direction.

[0028] (Transparent Member) Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the transparent member according to this embodiment. As shown in Figure 5, the transparent member 20 has a base material 22, an adhesion layer 23 formed on the base material 22, and an anti-reflective film 24 formed on the adhesion layer 23. That is, in the Z direction, the transparent member 20 has an adhesion layer 23 provided between the base material 22 and the anti-reflective film 24, and the adhesion layer 23 adheres the base material 22 and the anti-reflective film 24 together. However, the adhesion layer 23 is not an essential component, and the transparent member 20 may also have a configuration in which the anti-reflective film 24 is directly provided on the base material 22.

[0029] In this embodiment, the anti-reflective film 24 and the adhesion layer 23 are provided on both the main surface 22a on the Z1 direction side and the main surface 22b on the Z2 direction side of the base material 22. That is, as shown in Figure 5, in this embodiment, the adhesion layer 23A, which serves as the exterior adhesion layer 23, is formed on the main surface 22a of the base material 22, and the anti-reflective film 24A, which serves as the exterior anti-reflective film 24, is formed on the adhesion layer 23A. Also in this embodiment, the adhesion layer 23B, which serves as the interior adhesion layer 23, is formed on the main surface 22b of the base material 22, and the anti-reflective film 24B, which serves as the interior anti-reflective film 24, is formed on the adhesion layer 23B.

[0030] However, the anti-reflective film 24 and the adhesion layer 23 are not limited to being provided on both the main surface 22a and the main surface 22b of the substrate 22, but may be provided on only one of the main surface 22a and the main surface 22b. Furthermore, the anti-reflective film 24 and the adhesion layer 23 are not limited to being provided on the main surface of the substrate 22, but may also be provided on the side surface 22c (outer peripheral surface of the substrate 22) of the substrate 22.

[0031] (Substrate) The substrate 22 is a material that can transmit far-infrared rays. The substrate 22 preferably has an internal transmittance of 50% or more for light with a wavelength of 10 μm (far-infrared rays), more preferably 60% or more, and even more preferably 70% or more. Furthermore, the substrate 22 preferably has an average internal transmittance of 50% or more for light with wavelengths of 8 μm to 12 μm (far-infrared rays), more preferably 60% or more, and even more preferably 70% or more. When the internal transmittance of the substrate 22 for light with a wavelength of 10 μm and the average internal transmittance for light with wavelengths of 8 μm to 12 μm fall within these numerical ranges, far-infrared rays are appropriately transmitted, allowing, for example, the performance of the far-infrared camera CA1 to be fully realized. Note that the average internal transmittance here refers to the average value of the internal transmittance for each wavelength of light in that wavelength band (here, 8 μm to 12 μm).

[0032] The internal transmittance of the substrate 22 is the transmittance excluding surface reflection losses on the incident and exit sides, and is well known in the art. Its measurement can be carried out using a commonly used method. The measurement can be carried out, for example, as follows.

[0033] Prepare a pair of flat plate-shaped samples (a first sample and a second sample) made of the same substrate composition but with different thicknesses. Both sides of the flat plate-shaped samples are parallel to each other and are optically polished planes. If the external transmittance including surface reflection loss of the first sample is T1, the external transmittance including surface reflection loss of the second sample is T2, the thickness of the first sample is Td1 (mm), and the thickness of the second sample is Td2 (mm), where Td1 < Td2, then the internal transmittance τ at a thickness Tdx (mm) can be calculated by the following equation (1). ΔTd is the difference between Td2 and Td1.

[0034] τ = exp[-Tdx×(lnT1-lnT2) / ΔTd] ...(1)

[0035] Furthermore, the external transmittance of infrared radiation can be measured, for example, using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (manufactured by ThermoScientific, product name: Nicolet iS10).

[0036] The substrate 22 preferably has a refractive index of 1.5 to 4.0 for light with a wavelength of 10 μm, more preferably 2.0 to 4.0, and even more preferably 2.2 to 3.5. Furthermore, the substrate 22 preferably has an average refractive index of 1.5 to 4.0 for light with wavelengths of 8 μm to 12 μm, more preferably 2.0 to 4.0, and even more preferably 2.2 to 3.5. By having the refractive index and average refractive index of the substrate 22 within this range, far-infrared light can be appropriately transmitted, allowing, for example, the performance of the far-infrared camera CA1 to be fully realized. The average refractive index here refers to the average value of the refractive index for each wavelength within that wavelength band (here, 8 μm to 12 μm). The refractive index can be determined, for example, by fitting an optical model using polarization information obtained from an infrared spectroscopic ellipsometer (IR-VASE-UT, manufactured by J.A. Woolam) and a spectral transmission spectrum obtained from a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.

[0037] The material of the base material 22 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ZnS, Ge, Si, chalcogenide glass, etc. A preferable composition of the chalcogenide glass is, in atomic % representation, Ge + Ga: 7% to 25%, Sb: 0% to 35%, Bi: 0% to 20%, Zn: 0% to 20%, Sn: 0% to 20%, Si: 0% to 20%, La: 0% to 20%, S + Se + Te: 55% to 80%, Ti: 0.005% to 0.3%, Li + Na + K + Cs: 0% to 20%, F + Cl + Br + I: 0% to 20% containing composition. And this glass preferably has a glass transition point (Tg) of 140°C to 550°C. The base material 22 is more preferably composed mainly of at least one of Si and Ge, and even more preferably composed mainly of Si. When the base material 22 is composed mainly of Si or Ge, an oxide layer (layer of silicon oxide or germanium oxide) of its main component may be formed on the surface. Here, the main component in this embodiment may refer to a content rate of 50 mass% or more with respect to the entire target member (here, the base material 22), preferably 70 mass% or more, and more preferably 90 mass% or more.

[0038] (Adhesion layer) The adhesion layer 23A is provided between the antireflection film 24A and the base material 22. The adhesion layer 23A is a film that adheres the antireflection film 24A and the base material 22, and in other words, is a film that improves the adhesive force between the antireflection film 24A and the base material 22. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the adhesion layer 23A is provided between the functional layer 26A on the base material 22 side of the antireflection film 24A and the base material 22 to adhere them.

[0039] The adhesion layer 23A is mainly composed of at least one of ZrO ｘ , TiO ｘ , ZnO ｘ , Al ｘ O ｙ , and Nb ｘ O ｙ (x, y are arbitrary positive numbers). The adhesion layer 23A is preferably mainly composed of ZrO ｘ , and ZnO ｘIt is also preferable that the main component be the main component. Furthermore, it is preferable that the adhesion layer 23A is made of the main component alone, that is, with unavoidable impurities removed, and the content of the main component is 100% by mass. By containing such a main component, the adhesion layer 23A can appropriately transmit far-infrared rays and suppress the peeling of the anti-reflective film 24A.

[0040] The adhesion layer 23A may contain minor components other than the main component. Preferably, the minor component is an oxide that transmits far-infrared rays, such as MgO. ｘ CuO ｘ NiO ｘ , and B ｘ O ｙ At least one of the following is an example.

[0041] The adhesion layer 23A is capable of transmitting far-infrared rays. Preferably, the adhesion layer 23A has an extinction coefficient of 0.4 or less for light with a wavelength of 10 μm, more preferably 0.2 or less, and even more preferably 0.1 or less. By having an extinction coefficient within this range, far-infrared rays can be appropriately transmitted. The extinction coefficient can be determined, for example, by fitting an optical model using polarization information obtained by an infrared spectroscopic ellipsometer (IR-VASE-UT, manufactured by J.A. Woolam) and a spectral transmission spectrum obtained by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.

[0042] The above explanation described the adhesive layer 23A on the outside of the vehicle, but the adhesive layer 23B on the inside of the vehicle may also be made of the same material and have the same properties as the adhesive layer 23A.

[0043] (Anti-reflective coating) The anti-reflective coating 24 is a coating that mainly consists of inorganic materials and suppresses the reflection of far-infrared rays.

[0044] (Anti-reflective coating on the exterior of the vehicle) The configuration of the anti-reflective coating 24A on the exterior of the vehicle may be arbitrary, but in this embodiment, the anti-reflective coating 24A includes an outermost layer 28A and a functional layer 26A. The outermost layer 28A is the layer of the anti-reflective coating 24A that is furthest from the base material 22, that is, in this embodiment, the layer on the exterior side of the vehicle. In other words, the outermost layer 28A is the layer on the Z1 side of the transparent member 20 and is exposed to the outside. The functional layer 26A is the layer of the anti-reflective coating 24A that is on the Z2 side (base material 22 side) of the outermost layer 28A, and more precisely, it is the layer of the anti-reflective coating 24A that is on the Z2 side (closest to the base material 22 side). The functional layer 26A is in contact with the adhesion layer 23A provided on the base material 22.

[0045] The outermost layer 28A is ZrO ｘ NiO ｘ Diamond-like carbon, ZnO ｘ , Si, Ge, ZnSe, ZnS, SnO ｘ , CEO ｘ It is preferable that at least one of the following be the main component. The outermost layer 28A is ZrO ｘ It is more preferable that the main component is [the main component]. The outermost layer 28A preferably consists of the main component alone, that is, with unavoidable impurities removed, and the content of the main component is preferably 100% by mass. When the content of the main component in the outermost layer 28A is within this range, it is possible to appropriately transmit far-infrared rays and appropriately suppress the peeling of the anti-reflective coating.

[0046] The outermost layer 28A may contain minor components other than the main component. Preferably, the minor component is an oxide that transmits far-infrared rays, such as NiO ｘ , ZnO ｘ , Bi ｘ O ｙ , and CuO ｘ At least one of the following is an example.

[0047] The outermost layer 28A is capable of transmitting far-infrared rays. The outermost layer 28A preferably has an extinction coefficient of 0.10 or less for light with a wavelength of 10 μm, more preferably 0.05 or less, and even more preferably 0.04 or less.

[0048] The outermost layer 28A preferably has a refractive index of 2.05 or higher for light with a wavelength of 550 nm (visible light), more preferably 2.05 to 2.40, even more preferably 2.10 to 2.30, and particularly preferably 2.15 to 2.25. By having the refractive index of the outermost layer 28A for visible light within this numerical range, the density of the film of the outermost layer 28A can be improved, and delamination can be more effectively suppressed.

[0049] The functional layer 26A is capable of transmitting far-infrared rays. In this embodiment, an example is described in which the functional layer 26A consists of only one layer, but it is not limited to this, and the functional layer 26A may be composed of multiple layers stacked together.

[0050] Functional layer 26A is made of Si, Ge, ZnS, and YbF ｘ YF ｘ MgF ｘ MgO ｘ , ZnO ｘ , ZrO ｘ Diamond-like carbon, NiO ｘ and Bi ｘ O ｙ Preferably, at least one of the following is the main component: NiO ｘ It is more preferable that the main component is NiO ｘ x can take any value from 0.5 to 2. Also, the valency does not have to be single, and two or more valencies may be mixed. In this embodiment, NiO ｘ It is preferable to use NiO as the material.

[0051] The functional layer 26A is capable of transmitting far-infrared rays. The functional layer preferably has an extinction coefficient of 0.05 or less for light with a wavelength of 10 μm, more preferably 0.03 or less, even more preferably 0.02 or less, and most preferably 0.01 or less. When the extinction coefficient is within this range, far-infrared rays can be transmitted appropriately.

[0052] (Anti-reflective coating on the interior side) The configuration of the anti-reflective coating 24B on the interior side may be arbitrary, but in this embodiment, the anti-reflective coating 24B includes a functional layer 26B. That is, unlike the exterior side, the anti-reflective coating 24B on the interior side does not have an outermost layer and has only a functional layer 26B. The material and properties of the functional layer 26B may be the same as those of the functional layer 26A on the exterior side. The anti-reflective coating 24B on the interior side may also have an outermost layer at the position furthest from the base material 22 (in this example, furthest towards the Z2 direction). In this case, the outermost layer may be made of the same material and has the same properties as the outermost layer 28A on the exterior side.

[0053] (Characteristics of the permeable member) The characteristics of the permeable member 20 having the laminated structure described above will now be explained.

[0054] The light-transmitting member 20 preferably has a transmittance of 50% or more, more preferably 65% ​​or more, and even more preferably 70% or more for light with a wavelength of 10 μm. Furthermore, the light-transmitting member 20 preferably has an average transmittance of 50% or more, more preferably 65% ​​or more, and even more preferably 70% or more for light with a wavelength of 8 μm to 12 μm. By having the transmittance and average transmittance within this range, the infrared light-transmitting member can appropriately perform its function. Note that the light transmittance (and average transmittance) of the light-transmitting member 20 described above refers to the light transmittance (and average transmittance) in the non-adhesive region AR2 described later. However, the light transmittance (and average transmittance) in the adhesive region AR1 described later may also fall within the above numerical range.

[0055] The transparent member 20 preferably has a reflectance of 15% or less, more preferably 10% or less, and even more preferably 5% or less for light with a wavelength of 10 μm. Furthermore, the transparent member 20 preferably has an average reflectance of 15% or less, more preferably 10% or less, and even more preferably 5% or less for light with wavelengths of 8 μm to 12 μm. By having the reflectance and average reflectance within this range, the infrared transparent member can appropriately perform its function. The average reflectance is the average value of the reflectance for each wavelength of light in that wavelength band (here, from 8 μm to 12 μm). The reflectance can be measured, for example, with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Nicolet iS10, manufactured by ThermoScientific). Note that the reflectance (and average reflectance) of the transparent member 20 described above refers to the reflectance (and average reflectance) of light in the non-adhesive region AR2 described later. However, the light reflectance (and average reflectance) in the adhesive region AR1, described later, may also fall within the numerical range mentioned above.

[0056] From the viewpoint of strength, the thickness of the permeable member 20 is preferably 1.0 mm or more, more preferably 1.5 mm or more, and even more preferably 2.0 mm or more. The upper limit of the thickness of the permeable member 20 is not particularly limited, but is usually 5.0 mm or less. Here, thickness refers to the length of the permeable member 20 in the Z direction.

[0057] (Adhesive and Non-Adhesive Regions) The transmissive member 20 with the laminated structure described above has a surface 20B on the Z2 direction side that is divided into an adhesive region AR1 and a non-adhesive region AR2. The adhesive region AR1 refers to the radially outer region of the entire surface 20B of the transmissive member 20 on the Z2 direction side. As will be described in more detail later, the adhesive region AR1 is the region that overlaps with the support portion 33 of the frame member 30, as will be described later, when viewed from the Z direction. The transmissive member 20 is bonded to the frame member 30 via the adhesive layer 52 in the adhesive region AR1. The non-adhesive region AR2 refers to the region radially inward from the adhesive region AR1 of the entire surface 20B of the transmissive member 20 on the Z2 direction side. That is, when viewed from the Z direction, the adhesive region AR1 is the region that surrounds the outer periphery of the non-adhesive region AR2. As will be described in more detail later, the non-adhesive region AR2 is the region that does not overlap with the support portion 33 when viewed from the Z direction.

[0058] The transparent member 20 has better adhesion compatibility with the adhesive layer 52 at the adhesive region AR1 (i.e., the member exposed to the adhesive region AR1 of the surface 20B) than at the non-adhesive region AR2 (i.e., the member exposed to the non-adhesive region AR2 of the surface 20B). Better adhesion compatibility means that the adhesion with the adhesive layer 52 is higher. In other words, the adhesive strength when the member in the adhesive region AR1 is bonded to the adhesive layer 52 is higher than the adhesive strength when the member in the non-adhesive region AR2 is bonded to the adhesive layer 52.

[0059] The adhesive strength can be measured, for example, by a tensile adhesive strength test (JIS K 6849), and the adhesive strength between the member and the adhesive layer 52 in the adhesive region AR1 is preferably 0.5 MPa, more preferably 1.0 MPa, and most preferably 1.5 MPa or higher. Furthermore, the adhesive strength can be measured by a tensile adhesive strength test (JIS K 6849), and the cohesive failure rate (CF rate) in the tensile adhesive strength test between the member and the adhesive layer 52 in the adhesive region AR1 is preferably 80% or higher, more preferably 90% or higher, and most preferably 100% or higher.

[0060] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 5, the component in the adhesive region AR1 is the base material 22, and the component in the non-adhesive region AR2 is the anti-reflective film 24B. That is, the base material 22 has better compatibility with the adhesive layer 52 than the anti-reflective film 24B. More specifically, in the transparent member 20, where it overlaps with the non-adhesive region AR2 when viewed from the Z direction, the anti-reflective film 24B is formed on the Z2 side of the base material 22, and more specifically, the base material 22, the adhesion layer 23B, and the anti-reflective film 24B are laminated in this order in the Z2 direction. Also, in the transparent member 20, where it overlaps with the adhesive region AR1 when viewed from the Z direction, no film is formed on the Z2 side of the base material 22 (the adhesion layer 23B and the anti-reflective film 24B are not laminated), and the base material 22 is exposed in the Z2 direction. Note that in the transparent member 20, the adhesion layer 23A and the anti-reflective film 24A may be laminated over the entire Z1 side of the base material 22.

[0061] The adhesive region AR1 may be of any size, but its width W is preferably 0.5 mm or more and 4 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or more and 3 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.5 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less. By having the width W of the adhesive region AR1 within this range, the transparent member 20 can be properly attached to the glass member 10 while appropriately capturing far-infrared rays. The width W of the adhesive region AR1 refers to the length from the outer edge (the edge of the transparent member 20) to the inner edge (the outer edge of the non-adhesive region AR2) of the adhesive region AR1 when viewed from the Z direction. For example, it may be the length of the shortest straight line connecting any point on the outer edge and any point on the inner edge when viewed from the Z direction. The ratio of the area of ​​the adhesive region AR1 to the entire surface 20B of the transparent member 20 (total area of ​​the adhesive region AR1 and the non-adhesive region AR2) is preferably 1% to 40%, more preferably 5% to 30%, and even more preferably 10% to 20%. By having the area of ​​the adhesive region AR1 within this range, the transparent member 20 can be properly attached to the glass member 10 while appropriately capturing far-infrared rays.

[0062] It should be noted that, as in this embodiment, the manufacturing method of not providing the adhesion layer 23B and anti-reflective film 24B in the adhesive region AR1 and providing the adhesion layer 23B and anti-reflective film 24B in the non-adhesive region AR2 is optional. For example, such a structure can be realized by masking the region of the main surface 22b of the substrate 22 corresponding to the adhesive region AR1 and then forming the adhesion layer 23B and anti-reflective film 24B on the main surface 22b of the substrate 22. Alternatively, such a structure can also be realized by forming the adhesion layer 23B and anti-reflective film 24B over the entire main surface 22b of the substrate 22, and then removing the adhesion layer 23B and anti-reflective film 24B only from the region corresponding to the adhesive region AR1.

[0063] Figure 6 is a schematic top view of the transparent member according to this embodiment, and Figure 7 is a schematic top view of a transparent member according to another example of this embodiment. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the transparent member 20 according to this embodiment as viewed from the Z2 direction. Figures 6 and 7 are views of the transparent member 20 as seen from the surface 20B on the Z2 direction side. As shown in Figure 6, in this embodiment, the transparent member 20 is a disc shape that is circular when viewed from the Z direction. The non-adhesive region AR2 is also circular when viewed from the Z direction, and the adhesive region AR1 is annular in shape that surrounds the periphery of the non-adhesive region AR2 when viewed from the Z direction.

[0064] However, the transparent member 20 is not limited to being circular when viewed from the Z direction, but may be any shape when viewed from the Z direction, such as an ellipse or polygon. Figure 7 shows an example where the transparent member 20 is trapezoidal when viewed from the Z direction. Similarly, the non-adhesive region AR2 is not limited to being circular when viewed from the Z direction, but may be any shape when viewed from the Z direction, such as an ellipse or polygon. Figure 7 shows an example where the non-adhesive region AR2 is trapezoidal when viewed from the Z direction. Note that in the examples of Figures 6 and 7, the shape of the non-adhesive region AR2 when viewed from the Z direction is the same as the shape of the transparent member 20 when viewed from the Z direction (circular in Figure 6, trapezoidal in Figure 7), but it is not limited to this, and may be a different shape from the shape of the transparent member 20 when viewed from the Z direction.

[0065] (Frame Member) As shown in Figure 3, the frame member 30 is provided within the opening 19 of the glass member 10 and is a member that fixes the transparent member 20 within the opening 19. The frame member will be described in detail below.

[0066] Figure 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area surrounding the far-infrared transmission region in vehicle glass. For the sake of clarity, the film on the Z1 direction side of the base material 22 of the transmission member 20 is omitted in Figure 8. As shown in Figure 8, the frame member 30 has a wall portion 31 and a support portion 33. The wall portion 31 is the portion provided between the inner circumferential surface of the opening 19 and the outer circumferential surface (end face) 21 of the transmission member 20. The support portion 33 is the portion that protrudes radially inward from the wall portion 31 and supports the surface 20B (adhesion region AR1) of the transmission member 20. The frame member 30 also has a fixing portion 32. The fixing portion 32 is the portion that protrudes radially outward from the wall portion 31 and supports the Z2 direction side surface 10B of the glass member 10. The fixing portion 32 is not an essential component. The frame member 30 may be composed of a single member or of multiple members. The frame member 30, which is composed of multiple members, may include, for example, a first member including a wall portion 31 and a support portion 33, and a second member including a fixing portion 32. The frame member 30, which is composed of multiple members, may also be composed of, for example, a first member on the Z1 direction side and a second member on the Z2 direction side. The frame member 30 may be composed of three or more members. In the first embodiment, the frame member 30 is composed of a single member including a wall portion 31, a fixing portion 32, and a support portion 33.

[0067] The wall portion 31 is formed in a cylindrical shape that surrounds the outer circumferential surface 21 of the transparent member 20. In the radial direction, the wall portion 31 is positioned between the outer circumferential surface 21 of the transparent member 20 and the inner circumferential surface of the opening 19 of the glass member 10. Preferably, the length of the wall portion 31 in the Z direction, that is, the length in the Z direction from the end face 31A on the Z1 direction side to the end face 31B on the Z2 direction side, is greater than or equal to the total thickness of the glass member 10. The end face 31A of the wall portion 31 is exposed on the Z1 direction side (outside the vehicle) within the opening 19. The inner circumferential surface 31C of the wall portion 31 faces the outer circumferential surface 21 of the transparent member 20. Preferably, an adhesive layer 54 is positioned between the inner circumferential surface 31C of the wall portion 31 and the outer circumferential surface 21 of the transparent member.

[0068] The support portion 33 is formed to protrude radially inward from the inner circumferential surface of the wall portion 31. The support portion 33 is provided around the entire circumference of the inner circumferential surface of the wall portion 31, in other words, it is ring-shaped (flange-shaped). However, it is not limited to this, and the support portion 33 may be provided only in a portion of the inner circumferential surface of the wall portion 31, and multiple support portions 33 provided in a portion of the surface may be arranged in a circumferential direction.

[0069] The support portion 33 is located on the Z2 side of the end face 31A of the wall portion 31; in other words, the Z1 side surface 33A of the support portion 33 is located on the Z2 side of the end face 31A of the wall portion 31. Also, in the example of Figure 8, the support portion 33 is located on the Z2 side of the end face 31A and on the Z1 side of the end face 31B; in other words, the Z2 side surface 33B of the support portion 33 is located on the Z1 side of the end face 31B of the wall portion 31. However, it is not limited to this, and the support portion 33 may be provided over the entire area of ​​the inner circumferential surface of the wall portion 31 on the Z2 side of the end face 31A, in which case the surface 33B of the support portion 33 is in the same position as the end face 31B of the wall portion 31 in the Z direction.

[0070] The support portion 33 extends from the inner circumferential surface of the wall portion 31 to a point radially inward from the outer circumferential surface 21 of the transparent member 20. When the frame member 30 is attached to the transparent member 20, the support portion 33 is positioned on the Z2 side relative to the surface 20B of the transparent member 20 and overlaps with the adhesive region AR1 of the surface 20B in the Z direction. That is, the surface 33A of the support portion 33 on the Z1 side faces the adhesive region AR1 of the transparent member 20 and is bonded to the adhesive region AR1 via the adhesive layer 52 described later.

[0071] The fixing portion 32 is formed to protrude radially outward from the outer circumferential surface of the wall portion 31. The fixing portion 32 is provided around the entire circumference of the outer circumferential surface of the wall portion 31, in other words, it is ring-shaped (flange-shaped). However, it is not limited to this, and the fixing portion 32 may be provided only in a portion of the outer circumferential surface of the wall portion 31, and multiple fixing portions 32 provided in a portion of the surface may be arranged in a circumferential direction.

[0072] The fixing portion 32 is located on the Z2 side of the surface 33A of the support portion 33; in other words, the Z1 side surface 32A of the fixing portion 32 is located on the Z2 side of the surface 33A of the support portion 33. Also, in the example of Figure 8, the fixing portion 32 protrudes radially outward from the Z2 side portion (end face 31B portion) of the outer circumferential surface of the wall portion 31.

[0073] The fixing portion 32 extends from the outer peripheral surface of the wall portion 31 to radially outward from the inner peripheral surface of the opening 19 of the glass member 10. When the frame member 30 is attached to the glass member 10, the fixing portion 32 is positioned on the Z2 side relative to the Z2 side surface 10B of the glass member 10 (the surface 18B of the light-shielding layer 18 in the example of Figure 8), and overlaps with the surface 10B in the Z direction. That is, the Z1 side surface 32A of the fixing portion 32 faces the surface 10B and is bonded to the surface 10B via the adhesive layer 50.

[0074] The constituent material of the frame member 30 is not particularly limited. At least a portion of the frame member 30 may be made of resins such as ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) resin, AES (Acrylonitrile ethylene styrene) resin, rigid polyvinyl chloride (rigid PVC), polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). When the frame member 30 is made of a thermoplastic resin such as ABS, AES, or rigid polyvinyl chloride, a molding method such as injection molding can be applied. At least a portion of the frame member 30 may be formed from an elastomer such as ethylene propylene monomer (EPDM), flexible polyvinyl chloride (flexible PVC), thermoplastic polyvinyl elastomer (TPVC), thermoplastic polyethylene elastomer (TPE), thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), vinylidene fluoride fluororubber (FKM), tetrafluoroethylene-purple vinyl ether fluororubber (FFKM), or silicone rubber. Here, FKM and FFKM are elastomers defined in ASTM:D1418. By using an elastomer as a constituent material of the frame member 30, the watertightness between the glass member 10 and the permeable member 20 can be improved.Furthermore, at least a portion of the frame member 30 may be formed from a fluororesin such as ETFE (Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) or PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy alkanes). ETFE is a copolymer having units derived from ethylene and units derived from tetrafluoroethylene. ETFE may further contain units derived from a monomer having adhesive functional groups as a third component. PFA is a copolymer having units derived from tetrafluoroethylene and units derived from perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether). PFA may further contain units derived from a monomer having adhesive functional groups as a third component. ETFE and PFA are preferred as constituent materials for the frame member 30 due to their excellent moldability, and the adhesion is further improved by including an adhesive third component. As the monomer having adhesive functional groups, monomers having carboxyl groups, acid anhydride groups, or carboxylic acid halide groups are preferred, and unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides are more preferred. Examples of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides include itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (Hymic anhydride), and maleic anhydride. Monomers having adhesive functional groups may have one adhesive functional group alone or two or more. ETFE may optionally have units derived from ethylene, TFE, and other monomers other than monomers having adhesive functional groups. Examples of other monomers include fluoroolefins (excluding tetrafluoroethylene) and fluoro(alkyl vinyl ethers). PFA may optionally have units derived from TFE, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ethers), and other monomers other than monomers having adhesive functional groups. Examples of other monomers include fluoroolefins (excluding tetrafluoroethylene). Furthermore, the frame member 30 is preferably black. This improves aesthetics.

[0075] (Adhesive layer) The adhesive layer 52 is a layer that adheres the surface 20B of the transparent member 20 to the surface 33A of the support portion 33 of the frame member 30 on the Z1 direction side. The constituent material of the adhesive layer 52 is not particularly limited. For example, the adhesive layer 52 is preferably a cured urethane adhesive or a modified silicone adhesive, and more preferably an adhesive that can be applied as a primer when integrally molding (insert molding) the transparent member 20 and the frame member 30. It is even more preferable that the adhesive layer 52 contains a silane coupling agent. A silane coupling agent is a compound that contains silicon and has an organic reaction site that reacts with an organic material and an inorganic reaction site that reacts with an inorganic material. The adhesive layer 50 is a layer that adheres the surface 10B of the glass member 10 on the Z2 direction side (the surface 18B of the light-shielding layer 18 in the example of Figure 8) to the surface 32A of the fixing portion 32 of the frame member 30 on the Z1 direction side. The constituent material of the adhesive layer 50 is not particularly limited, but may be the same as the preferred material of the adhesive layer 52 described above. However, it is preferably a cured urethane adhesive or a modified silicone adhesive, and more preferably a cured urethane adhesive. The adhesive layer 54 is a layer that adheres the outer peripheral surface 21 of the permeable member 20 to the inner peripheral surface 31C of the wall portion 31 of the frame member 30. The constituent material of the adhesive layer 54 is not particularly limited, but may be the same as the preferred material of the adhesive layer 52 described above. However, the adhesive layer 54 is not an essential component, and the outer peripheral surface 21 of the permeable member 20 and the inner peripheral surface 31C of the wall portion 31 may or may not be in direct contact with each other, without the adhesive layer 54 in between.

[0076] (Fixing structure of frame member) The vehicle glass 1 has the configuration described above. Below, the structure in which the transparent member 20 is fixed to the glass member 10 in the vehicle glass 1 will be described in detail.

[0077] As shown in Figure 8, the transparent member 20 is fixed to the frame member 30 in a state where it is positioned within the space radially inward of the wall portion 31 of the frame member 30, such that its surface 20A is exposed in the Z1 direction and the adhesive area AR1 of its surface 20B is located on the surface 33A of the support portion 33 of the frame member 30 (on the Z1 direction side of the surface 33A). An adhesive layer 52 is provided between the adhesive area AR1 of the transparent member 20 and the surface 33A of the support portion 33, and the transparent member 20 is fixed to the frame member 30 by the adhesive layer 52 bonding the adhesive area AR1 and the surface 33A. The inner circumferential surface of the wall portion 31 faces the outer circumferential surface 21 of the transparent member 20. In the example of Figure 8, the inner circumferential surface 31C of the wall portion 31 is bonded to the outer circumferential surface 21 of the transparent member 20 via the adhesive layer 54, but it is not limited to this, and it may be in direct contact without the adhesive layer 54, or it may not be in contact at all.

[0078] Furthermore, the frame member 30 is fixed inside the opening 19 of the glass member 10 with the transparent member 20 fixed to the inside of the wall portion 31. The frame member 30 is fixed to the glass member 10 with the outer peripheral surface of the wall portion 31 facing the inner peripheral surface of the opening 19 of the glass member 10, the surface 32A of the fixing portion 32 of the frame member 30 located on the Z2 direction side surface 10B of the glass member 10 (the Z2 direction side of surface 10B), and the end face 31A of the wall portion 31 exposed on the Z1 side. An adhesive layer 50 is provided between the surface 32A of the fixing portion 32 and the surface 10B of the glass member 10, and the frame member 30 is fixed to the glass member 10 by bonding the surface 32A and the surface 10B via the adhesive layer 50. By fixing the frame member 30 to the glass member 10 in this way, the transparent member 20 is also fixed to the glass member 10. In the example shown in Figure 8, the outer surface of the wall portion 31 is not in contact with the inner surface of the opening 19 of the glass member 10, but it is not limited to this and may be in contact.

[0079] As described above, the adhesive region AR1 of the transparent member 20 overlaps with the surface 33A of the support portion 33 in the Z direction and is bonded to the surface 33A via the adhesive layer 52. In this embodiment, the material in the adhesive region AR1 of the transparent member 20 is the base material 22, and since the base material 22 has good compatibility with the adhesive layer 52 and high adhesive strength, the transparent member 20 can be properly fixed to the glass member 10. On the other hand, the non-adhesive region AR2 of the transparent member 20 does not overlap with the surface 33A of the support portion 33 in the Z direction. In other words, the frame member 30 is located on the Z2 direction side of the adhesive region AR1, but the frame member 30 is not located on the Z2 direction side of the non-adhesive region AR2. Therefore, according to this embodiment, far-infrared rays incident on the transparent member 20 from the outside of the vehicle can be properly taken in from the non-adhesive region AR2 to the inside of the vehicle. Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the component in the non-adhesive region AR2 is an anti-reflective film 24B, it is possible to appropriately transmit far-infrared rays in the non-adhesive region AR2 and to capture far-infrared rays more appropriately.

[0080] In this embodiment, it is preferable that the end face 31A of the frame member 30 is formed flush with (continuously with) the surface 20A of the transparent member 20 and the surface 10A of the glass member on the Z1 direction side (the surface 12A of the first glass substrate 12 in the example of Figure 8). In other words, the end face 31A of the frame member 30 is attached so as to be continuous with the surface 20A of the transparent member 20 and the surface 10A of the glass member 10. In this embodiment, the step difference between the end face 31A of the frame member 30 and the surface 20A of the transparent member 20 (the distance in the Z direction between the end face 31A and the surface 20A) is preferably 0.3 mm or less, more preferably 0.2 mm or less, more preferably 0.15 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.1 mm or less. The step difference (distance in the Z direction between the end face 31A and the surface 10A of the frame member 30) between the end face 31A of the frame member 30 and the surface 10A of the glass member 10 is preferably 1.0 mm or less, more preferably 0.5 mm or less, more preferably 0.3 mm or less, more preferably 0.15 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.1 mm or less. This suppresses wear of the wiper when wiping the outer surface of the vehicle glass 1 with the wiper. The step difference can be measured, for example, by using a laser displacement meter (Keyence Corporation, in-line profile measuring instrument: LJ-X8200) to irradiate a laser into the area enclosed by a line segment 10 mm radially inward from the inner peripheral edge of the end face 31A of the frame member 30 and a line segment 10 mm radially outward from the outer peripheral edge of the end face 31A of the frame member 30, and then measuring the step difference profile obtained.

[0081] (Far-infrared transmission region) Next, the far-infrared transmission region B will be described. As shown in Figure 2, the far-infrared transmission region B is formed near the upper edge 1a of the vehicle glass 1 in the Y direction and near the center of the vehicle glass 1 in the X direction. The opening 19 and the transmission member 20 are formed near the upper edge 1a of the vehicle glass 1 in the Y direction and near the center of the vehicle glass 1 in the X direction.

[0082] As shown in Figure 3, the transmissive member 20 of the far-infrared transmission region B has a length DA of the longest straight line connecting any two points in the plane on the Z1 side that is 80 mm or less. The length DA is preferably 70 mm or less, more preferably 65 mm or less, and even more preferably 50 mm or less. The length DA is preferably 25 mm or more, more preferably 30 mm or more, and even more preferably 35 mm or more. The opening 19 of the far-infrared transmission region B preferably has a length DB of the longest straight line connecting any two points in the plane on the Z1 side that is 84 mm or less. The length DB is more preferably 74 mm or less, even more preferably 69 mm or less, and even more preferably 54 mm or less. The length DB is preferably 29 mm or more, more preferably 34 mm or more, and even more preferably 39 mm or more. By setting the length DA of the transparent member 20 and the length DB of the opening 19 within this range, it is possible to maintain the image quality of the far-infrared camera CA1 while suppressing a decrease in the strength of the vehicle glass 1 and suppressing the amount of transparency distortion around the opening 19. Furthermore, considering the expansion of each material within the operating temperature range, appropriate lengths DA and DB are determined so that distortion does not occur. In addition, a gap may be provided in advance as a countermeasure against distortion due to expansion. If the shape of the Z1-side surface of the transparent member 20 is circular, lengths DA and DB correspond to the diameter of the Z1-side surface. Here, lengths DA and DB refer to the lengths of the vehicle glass 1 when it is mounted on the vehicle V. For example, if the glass is bent to form the shape for mounting on the vehicle V, lengths DA and DB will be the lengths after bending. The same applies to the explanation of dimensions and positions other than lengths DA and DB unless otherwise specified.

[0083] (Visible Light Transmission Region) Next, the visible light transmission region C will be described. As shown in Figure 2, it is preferable that the visible light transmission region C be located near the far-infrared transmission region B. Specifically, the center of the far-infrared transmission region B as viewed from the Z direction is defined as the center point OB, and the center of the visible light transmission region C as viewed from the Z direction is defined as the center point OC. If the shortest distance between the far-infrared transmission region B (aperture 19) and the visible light transmission region C as viewed from the Z direction is defined as distance L, then it is preferable that distance L is greater than 0 mm and 100 mm or less, and more preferably 10 mm or more and 80 mm or less. By positioning the visible light transmission region C within this range relative to the far-infrared transmission region B, it is possible to capture images at close range with the far-infrared camera CA1 and the visible light camera CA2, while suppressing the amount of transmission distortion in the visible light transmission region C, and enabling the visible light camera CA2 to capture images appropriately. By capturing images of nearby locations with the far-infrared camera CA1 and the visible-light camera CA2, the processing load on the data obtained from each camera is reduced, and the routing of power and signal cables becomes more efficient.

[0084] It is preferable that the visible light transmission region C and the far-infrared transmission region B are located side by side in the X direction. That is, it is preferable that the visible light transmission region C is not located on the Y-direction side of the far-infrared transmission region B, but is aligned with the far-infrared transmission region B in the X direction. By arranging the visible light transmission region C side by side with the far-infrared transmission region B in the X direction, the visible light transmission region C can be positioned near the upper edge 1a. Therefore, the driver's field of view in the light-transmitting region A1 can be appropriately secured.

[0085] Preferably, the visible light transmission region C is located near the upper edge 1a in the Y direction and near the far infrared transmission region B in the X direction, similar to the far infrared transmission region B. By positioning the visible light transmission region C in this location, it is possible to capture images of close positions with the far infrared camera CA1 and the visible light camera CA2, while suppressing the amount of transmission distortion in the visible light transmission region C, allowing the visible light camera CA2 to capture images appropriately.

[0086] (Camera Unit Configuration) Next, the configuration of the camera unit 100, more specifically, an example of the configuration when the far-infrared camera CA1 is attached to the vehicle glass 1, will be described. Figure 9 shows an example of the configuration when the far-infrared camera is attached to the vehicle glass.

[0087] As shown in Figure 9, the far-infrared camera CA1 is mounted on the vehicle glass 1 so as to be able to capture an external thermal image through the far-infrared transmission region B of the vehicle glass 1. The far-infrared camera CA1 is installed inside the vehicle V (inside the vehicle) at a position facing the far-infrared transmission region B. The type of far-infrared camera CA1 is not particularly limited, and any known far-infrared camera can be used. As shown in Figure 9, the far-infrared camera CA1 is mounted on the vehicle glass 1 by, for example, a bracket 40. The far-infrared camera CA1 is usually mounted so that the optical axis LX is approximately horizontal.

[0088] The visible light camera CA2 is mounted on the vehicle glass 1 so that it can capture images of the outside through the visible light transmission area C of the vehicle glass 1. The visible light camera CA2 is installed inside the vehicle V (inside the vehicle) at a position facing the visible light transmission area C. It is preferable that the visible light camera CA2 is mounted so that the optical axis LX of the far infrared camera CA1 and the optical axis of the visible light camera CA2 are approximately parallel. Approximately parallel is a concept that includes not only cases where these optical axes are perfectly parallel, but also cases where they are slightly deviated from parallel by an error margin. By doing so, the optical axis LX of the far infrared camera CA1 and the center of the field of view of the visible light camera CA2 almost coincide, which is preferable when combining images obtained from these cameras for information processing.

[0089] (Effects) As described above, in the vehicle glass 1 according to this embodiment, the member in the adhesive region AR1 of the transparent member 20 has better compatibility with the adhesive layer 52 than the member in the non-adhesive region AR2. Therefore, according to this embodiment, by appropriately bonding the transparent member 20 to the frame member 30 in the adhesive region AR1, the transparent member 20 can be appropriately attached to the glass member 10, while far-infrared rays can be appropriately captured in the non-adhesive region AR2 that does not overlap with the frame member 30.

[0090] (Other Examples) Next, other examples of the first embodiment will be described. In the following examples, explanations of parts common to the first embodiment will be omitted.

[0091] (Another Example 1) Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transparent member according to another example. In the example of Figure 5, the anti-reflective film 24A had a two-layer structure consisting of an outermost layer 28A and a functional layer 26A, but a hue adjustment layer 25 may be provided between the outermost layer 28A and the functional layer 26A. The hue adjustment layer 25 will be described in detail below.

[0092] The hue adjustment layer 25 is a layer that ensures aesthetic appeal by reducing the difference in reflectance (reflectance dispersion) for visible light of different wavelengths and suppressing interference colors of the transmitting member 20. The hue adjustment layer 25 is capable of transmitting far-infrared rays. The extinction coefficient of the hue adjustment layer 25 for light with a wavelength of 10 μm is preferably 0.4 or less, more preferably 0.2 or less, and even more preferably 0.1 or less. When the extinction coefficient is within this range, far-infrared rays can be transmitted appropriately.

[0093] The structure of the hue adjustment layer 25 may be arbitrary, but in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 10, the hue adjustment layer 25 included in the anti-reflective film 24A includes a first layer 28C and a second layer 26C provided on the side of the first layer 28C away from the substrate 22 (in this example, the Z1 direction side of the first layer 28C).

[0094] In this embodiment, the first layer 28C is a layer made of the same material and properties as the outermost layer 28A. In this embodiment, the second layer 26C is a layer made of the same material and properties as the functional layer 26A. In this example, the hue adjustment layer 25 is composed of two layers, the first layer 28C and the second layer 26C, but is not limited to this, and multiple layers of laminates of the first layer 28C and the second layer 26C may be laminated. Preferably, the hue adjustment layer 25 is a layer in which the first layer 28C and the second layer 26C are laminated alternately from the substrate 22 side in a number of 2n (n is a natural number of 1 or more) layers. However, the configuration of the hue adjustment layer 25 is not limited to including a first layer 28C made of the same material as the outermost layer 28A and a second layer 26C made of the same material as the functional layer 26A, and may be any configuration. In other words, the hue adjustment layer 25 may be a layer whose refractive index for light with a wavelength of 550 nm (visible light) is different from that of either the outermost layer 28A or the functional layer 26A. Preferably, the refractive index of the hue adjustment layer 25 for light with a wavelength of 550 nm (visible light) is 2.2 or more and 2.5 or less, and more preferably 2.3 or more and 2.4 or less. By having the refractive index of the hue adjustment layer 25 for visible light within this numerical range, it is possible to suppress the reflection and dispersion of visible light and make the transmissive member 20 less noticeable.

[0095] The hue adjustment layer 25 may also be provided on the anti-reflective coating 24B on the interior side of the vehicle. In this case, the anti-reflective coating 24B will have the first layer 28C and the second layer 26C laminated on top of the functional layer 26B in this order in the Z2 direction.

[0096] In this example, the transparent member 20 (i.e., the transparent member 20 including the hue adjustment layer 25) preferably has an average reflectance of 25% or less for light with a wavelength of 380 nm to 830 nm (visible light), more preferably 2.0% to 15.0%, and even more preferably 3.0% to 6.0%. Having an average reflectance within this range makes it possible to make the transparent member 20 less conspicuous when it is provided around the light-shielding layer 18. Furthermore, in this example, the transparent member 20 (i.e., the transparent member 20 including the hue adjustment layer 25) preferably has an average transmittance of 20.0% or less for light with a wavelength of 380 nm to 830 nm (visible light), more preferably 0% to 10.0%, and even more preferably 0% to 5.0%. Having an average transmittance within this range makes it possible to make the transparent member 20 less conspicuous when it is provided around the light-shielding layer 18. The average reflectance and average transmittance of the light-transmitting member 20 described above refer to the average reflectance and average transmittance in the non-adhesive region AR2. However, the average reflectance and average transmittance of light in the adhesive region AR1 may also fall within the above-mentioned numerical range.

[0097] (Another Example 2) Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transparent member according to another example. In this example, the anti-reflective film 24A has a near-infrared reflective layer 29 between the outermost layer 28A and the functional layer 26A. The near-infrared reflective layer 29 will be described in detail below. Note that the near-infrared reflective layer 29 is not limited to being located between the outermost layer 28A and the functional layer 26A. For example, the near-infrared reflective layer 29 may be located between the functional layer 26A and the substrate 22 (more preferably between the functional layer 26A and the adhesion layer 23A).

[0098] The near-infrared reflective layer 29 is a layer that suppresses the incidence of near-infrared light from the transmitting member 20 to the interior of the vehicle by reflecting near-infrared light, thereby suppressing heat inflow into the interior of the vehicle. The near-infrared reflective layer 29 preferably has an extinction coefficient of 0.4 or less for light with a wavelength of 10 μm, more preferably 0.2 or less, and even more preferably 0.1 or less. When the extinction coefficient is within this range, it is possible to reflect near-infrared light while appropriately transmitting far-infrared light. The near-infrared reflective layer 29 preferably has an average reflectance of 40% or more for light with a wavelength of 830 nm to 2000 nm (near-infrared light), more preferably 60% to 99%, and even more preferably 80% to 99%. When the average reflectance to near-infrared light is within this range, heat inflow into the interior of the vehicle can be appropriately suppressed.

[0099] As shown in Figure 11, the anti-reflective coating 24A in this example has a hue adjustment layer 25 in addition to the near-infrared reflective layer 29. In other words, the anti-reflective coating 24A in this example can be said to have an additional near-infrared reflective layer 29 added to the configuration of the other example 1 described above. The position of the near-infrared reflective layer 29 relative to the hue adjustment layer 25 may be arbitrary, but in the example of Figure 11, the near-infrared reflective layer 29 is located on the Z2 side of the hue adjustment layer 25, or in other words, it is located between the hue adjustment layer 25 and the functional layer 26A in the Z direction. However, it is not limited to this, and the near-infrared reflective layer 29 may be located on the Z1 side of the hue adjustment layer 25, or in other words, it may be located between the hue adjustment layer 25 and the outermost layer 28A in the Z direction. Furthermore, in this example, the anti-reflective coating 24A may have a configuration that does not have a hue adjustment layer 25 but has a near-infrared reflective layer 29.

[0100] The structure of the near-infrared reflective layer 29 may be arbitrary, but in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 11, it includes a first layer 29A and a second layer 29B provided on the side of the first layer 29A away from the substrate 22 (in this example, the Z1 direction side of the first layer 29A).

[0101] In this embodiment, the first layer 29A is made of Si, Ge, and ZrO ｘ NiO ｘ ZnS, MgF ｘ YbF ｘDLC, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), SiO ｘ It is preferable that at least one of the above be the main component. The first layer 29A is capable of transmitting far-infrared rays. The functional layer preferably has an extinction coefficient for light with a wavelength of 10 μm of 0.05 or less, more preferably 0.03 or less, even more preferably 0.02 or less, and most preferably 0.01 or less. When the extinction coefficient is within this range, far-infrared rays can be transmitted appropriately.

[0102] In this embodiment, the second layer 29B is made of Si, Ge, ZrO ｘ NiO ｘ ZnS, MgF ｘ YbF ｘ , DLC, ITO, SiO ｘ It is preferable that the main component be at least one of the following, but that the main component be a different material from the first layer 29A. The second layer 29B is capable of transmitting far-infrared rays. The functional layer preferably has an extinction coefficient of 0.05 or less for light with a wavelength of 10 μm, more preferably 0.03 or less, even more preferably 0.02 or less, and most preferably 0.01 or less. By having an extinction coefficient within this range, far-infrared rays can be appropriately transmitted. Furthermore, the difference in average refractive index between the first layer 29A and the second layer 29B for light with a wavelength of 830 nm to 2000 nm (near-infrared rays) is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 0.7 to 4.0, and most preferably 1.5 to 3.0.

[0103] In this example, the near-infrared reflective layer 29 is composed of two layers, a first layer 29A and a second layer 29B, but it is not limited to this, and multiple layers of the laminate of the first layer 29A and the second layer 29B may be laminated. Preferably, the near-infrared reflective layer 29 is a layer in which the first layer 29A and the second layer 29B are laminated alternately in 2n (n is a natural number of 1 or more) layers from the substrate 22 side.

[0104] The near-infrared reflective layer 29 may also be provided on the anti-reflective film 24B on the interior side of the vehicle. In this case, the anti-reflective film 24B will be laminated on the functional layer 26B, with the first layer 29A and the second layer 29B stacked in this order in the Z2 direction.

[0105] In this example, the transparent member 20 (i.e., the transparent member 20 including the near-infrared reflective layer 29) preferably has an average reflectance of 20% or more for light with a wavelength of 830 nm to 2000 nm (near-infrared rays), more preferably 30% to 90%, and even more preferably 40% to 50%. By having the average reflectance of near-infrared rays within this range, heat inflow into the interior of the vehicle can be appropriately suppressed. Furthermore, in this example, the transparent member 20 (i.e., the transparent member 20 including the near-infrared reflective layer 29) preferably has an average transmittance of 50% or less for light with a wavelength of 830 nm to 2000 nm (near-infrared rays), more preferably 2% to 40%, and even more preferably 5% to 30%. By having the average transmittance of near-infrared rays within this range, heat inflow into the interior of the vehicle can be appropriately suppressed. Note that the average reflectance and average transmittance of light of the transparent member 20 described above refer to the average reflectance and average transmittance in the non-adhesive region AR2. However, the average reflectance and average transmittance of light in the adhesive region AR1 may also be within the numerical range described above. In the case where the transmissive member 20 of this example is provided with a hue adjustment layer 25 similar to that in other example 1, the numerical range of the average reflectance and average transmittance for light with wavelengths of 380 nm to 830 nm (visible light) may be the same as in other example 1.

[0106] (Another Example 3) In this example, the arithmetic mean height Sa is increased on the surface 20B of the transmissive member 20 on the Z2 direction side. This example will be described in detail below. Note that this example is also applicable to the other example 1 and other example 2 described above. That is, in this example, a hue adjustment layer 25 may be provided, or a near-infrared reflection layer 29 may be provided.

[0107] In this example, the arithmetic mean height Sa of the non-adhesive region AR2 on the surface 20B of the transparent member 20, as defined by ISO 25178, is greater than the arithmetic mean height Sa of the surface 20A, as defined by ISO 25178. In other words, in this example, the non-adhesive region AR2 has a greater degree of unevenness (is rougher) than the surface 20A. By increasing the degree of unevenness of the non-adhesive region AR2 in this way, the adhesion of water droplets to the non-adhesive region AR2 of the transparent member 20 can be suppressed, thereby suppressing the deterioration of the far-infrared image due to condensation.

[0108] The transparent member 20 preferably has an arithmetic mean height Sa of 0.03 μm or more in the non-adhesive region AR2 of the surface 20B, more preferably 0.1 μm or more and 0.5 μm or less, and even more preferably 0.15 μm or more and 0.4 μm or less. By increasing the degree of unevenness of the non-adhesive region AR2 in this way, the adhesion of water droplets to the non-adhesive region AR2 of the transparent member 20 can be suppressed, thereby suppressing the deterioration of the far-infrared image due to condensation.

[0109] (Water-repellent layer) The transparent member 20 may have a water-repellent layer on the outermost surface of its surface 20B. The water-repellent layer is a layer for improving the water repellency of the transparent member 20. The water-repellent layer suppresses the adhesion of water droplets to the non-adhesive region AR2, thereby suppressing the deterioration of the far-infrared image due to condensation.

[0110] The method for forming the water-repellent layer is arbitrary, but it can be obtained, for example, by vapor deposition. The material for the water-repellent layer can be any material that can transmit far-infrared rays, but for example, AFS-R2 (manufactured by Synchron Co., Ltd.) can be used.

[0111] The transparent member 20 preferably has an arithmetic mean height Sa on its surface 20A, as defined in ISO 25178, of 10 nm or less, more preferably 7.0 nm or more, even more preferably 5.0 nm or less, and most preferably 3.0 nm or less. By reducing the degree of unevenness on the surface 20A in this way, the transparent member 20 can be properly wiped with a wiper.

[0112] In this example, as in the first embodiment, the material in the non-adhesive region AR2 of the transparent member 20 is the anti-reflective coating 24B. Therefore, in this example, the arithmetic mean height Sa of the surface of the anti-reflective coating 24B on the Z2 direction side is set to fall within the numerical range described above.

[0113] (Another Example 4) Next, another example 4 will be described. Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transparent member according to another example. In the first embodiment, the member in the adhesive region AR1 was the base material 22, but it is not limited to the base material 22 as long as the compatibility with the adhesive layer 52 is better than that of the member in the non-adhesive region AR2. For example, as shown in the other example 4 in Figure 12, the member in the adhesive region AR1 may be the adhesive film 29B. That is, in this example, in the transparent member 20, in the area overlapping with the non-adhesive region AR2 in the Z direction, the base material 22, the adhesive layer 23B, and the anti-reflective film 24B are laminated in this order in the Z2 direction, and in the area overlapping with the adhesive region AR1 in the Z direction, the base material 22, the adhesive layer 23B, the anti-reflective film 24B, and the adhesive film 29B are laminated in this order in the Z2 direction.

[0114] The adhesive film 29B is a film mainly composed of inorganic materials, and its compatibility with the adhesive layer 52 in terms of adhesion is better than that of the anti-reflective film 24B. The adhesive film 29B may be any material that has better compatibility with the adhesive layer 52 in terms of adhesion than that of the anti-reflective film 24B, but SiO ｘ and ZrO ｘ It is preferable that the component mainly consists of at least one of the following.

[0115] This example (other example 4) is also applicable to the other examples 1 to 3 described above. That is, in this example, a hue adjustment layer 25 may be provided, a near-infrared reflection layer 29 may be provided, or the degree of unevenness of the non-adhesive region AR2 may be increased. When this example is combined with other example 3, the adhesion layer 23B and the anti-reflective film 24B are formed over the entire area of ​​the adhesive region AR1 and the non-adhesive region AR2, and the arithmetic mean height Sa of the surface of the anti-reflective film 24B on the Z2 direction side is the same as that of the non-adhesive region AR2 in other example 3 described above. Furthermore, when this example is combined with other example 3, an adhesive film 29B is provided on the surface of the anti-reflective film 24B on the Z2 direction side in the adhesive region AR1.

[0116] (Another Example 5) Next, another example 5 will be described. Figure 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the periphery of the far-infrared transmission region in another example. In the first embodiment, the end face 31A of the frame member 30 was flush with the surface 20A of the transmission member 20 and the surface 10A of the glass member 10, but is not limited to this. For example, as shown in Figure 13, the wall portion 31 of the frame member 30 may protrude in the Z1 direction from the surface 20A of the transmission member 20 and the surface 10A of the glass member 10. In this case, the protruding portion 31a of the wall portion 31 extends radially inward from the outer peripheral surface 21 of the transmission member 20, and extends radially outward from the inner peripheral surface of the opening 19 of the glass member 10. The portion 31a contacts the surface 20A of the transmission member 20 where it extends radially inward from the outer peripheral surface 21 of the transmission member 20, and contacts the surface 10A of the glass member 10 where it extends radially outward from the inner peripheral surface of the opening 19 of the glass member 10. This allows the transparent member 20 to be properly fixed to the glass member 10.

[0117] This example (other example 5) is also applicable to the other examples 1 to 4 described above. That is, in this example, a hue adjustment layer 25 may be provided, a near-infrared reflective layer 29 may be provided, the degree of unevenness of the non-adhesive region AR2 may be increased, or the member in the adhesive region AR1 may be an adhesive film 29B.

[0118] (Second Embodiment) Next, a second embodiment will be described. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that an adhesive film 29B is provided on the Z2 direction side of the substrate 22 of the transparent member 20. In the second embodiment, parts that have the same configuration as the first embodiment will not be described. In addition, the other examples 1 to 3 and other example 5 of the first embodiment can also be applied to the second embodiment. That is, in the second embodiment, a hue adjustment layer 25 may be provided, a near-infrared reflection layer 29 may be provided, the degree of unevenness of the non-adhesive region AR2 may be increased, and the wall portion 31 may protrude in the Z1 direction from the surface 20A of the transparent member 20 and the surface 10A of the glass member 10.

[0119] Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transparent member according to the second embodiment. As shown in Figure 14, the transparent member 20 of the second embodiment includes a base material 22, an anti-reflective film 24B provided on the Z2 direction side of the base material 22, and an adhesive film 29B provided on the Z2 direction side of the anti-reflective film 24B. More specifically, in the laminated structure of the transparent member 20 of the second embodiment on the Z2 direction side of the base material 22, the base material 22, the adhesion layer 23B, the anti-reflective film 24B, and the adhesive film 29B are laminated in this order toward the Z2 direction. In the second embodiment, the adhesive film 29B is provided over the entire surface of the transparent member 20 on the Z2 direction side. That is, in the second embodiment, the material on the surface 20B of the transparent member 20, in other words, the material in the adhesive region AR1 and the non-adhesive region AR2, is the adhesive film 29B.

[0120] The adhesive film 29B is capable of transmitting far-infrared rays. The adhesive film 29B preferably has an extinction coefficient of 0.4 or less for light with a wavelength of 10 μm, more preferably 0.2 or less, and even more preferably 0.1 or less. When the extinction coefficient is within this range, far-infrared rays can be appropriately transmitted even if the adhesive film 29B is applied to the entire area. The thickness of the adhesive film 29B is preferably less than the thickness of the anti-reflective film 24B, preferably 0.01 μm or more and 0.5 μm or less, more preferably 0.01 μm or more and 0.05 μm or less. This suppresses the difficulty in transmitting far-infrared rays in the non-adhesive region AR2.

[0121] Figure 15 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the periphery of the far-infrared transmission region in the second embodiment. As shown in Figure 15, in the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the transmission member 20 is fixed to the frame member 30, and the frame member 30 is fixed to the glass member 10. However, in the second embodiment, the material of the transmission member 20 is an adhesive film 29B in both the adhesive region AR1 and the non-adhesive region AR2. Therefore, in the adhesive region AR1, the adhesive film 29B is bonded to the frame member 30 via the adhesive layer 52.

[0122] Thus, in the second embodiment, the member in the adhesive region AR1 is the adhesive film 29B. The adhesive film 29B has better compatibility with the adhesive layer 52 than the anti-reflective film 24B. Therefore, in the second embodiment as well, the compatibility between the member in the adhesive region AR1 and the adhesive layer 52 is good and the adhesive strength is high, so the transparent member 20 can be properly fixed to the glass member 10. Furthermore, in the second embodiment, since the anti-reflective film 24B and the adhesive film 29B are laminated in the non-adhesive region AR2, it is possible to properly transmit far-infrared rays and properly capture far-infrared rays in the non-adhesive region AR2.

[0123] Furthermore, when the second embodiment is combined with the other example 3 described above, the adhesive film 29B is formed over the entire area of ​​the adhesive region AR1 and the non-adhesive region AR2, and the arithmetic mean height Sa of the surface of the adhesive film 29B on the Z2 direction side is the same as that of the non-adhesive region AR2 in the other example 3 described above.

[0124] (Other Examples) Figure 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the periphery of the far-infrared transmission region in another example. When the anti-reflective film 24 and adhesive film 29B are provided on the main surface 22b of the substrate 22 on the Z2 direction side, the anti-reflective film 24 and adhesive film 29B may also be provided on the radial side surface 22c of the substrate 22. That is, in the first and second embodiments, the anti-reflective film 24 and adhesive film 29B were not provided on the radial side surface 22c of the substrate 22, but this is not limited to that. For example, as shown in Figure 16, the anti-reflective film 24 and adhesive film 29B may be provided on the radial side surface 22c of the substrate 22. In this example, the substrate 22, adhesion layer 23B, anti-reflective film 24B, and adhesive film 29B are laminated on the outer circumferential surface of the transmission member 20 in this order on the Y direction side, that is, radially outward. Here, the anti-reflective film 24 and the adhesive film 29B may be provided over the entire radial side surface 22c of the substrate 22, or only on a portion of it. Alternatively, only the anti-reflective film 24 may be provided on the radial side surface 22c of the substrate 22, or both the anti-reflective film 24 and the adhesive film 29B may be provided on the radial side surface 22c of the substrate 22.

[0125] (Effects) The vehicle glass 1 according to the first aspect of the present disclosure comprises a glass member 10, a transparent member 20, a frame member 30, and an adhesive layer 52. The glass member 10 has an opening 19 that penetrates from the surface 10A on the first direction (Z1 direction) side in the thickness direction (Z direction) to the surface 10B on the second direction (Z2 direction) side opposite to the first direction. The transparent member 20 is provided in the opening 19 and includes a base material 22 that transmits far-infrared rays and an anti-reflective film 24B mainly composed of inorganic material provided on the Z2 direction side of the base material 22. The frame member 30 has a wall portion 31 provided between the inner circumferential surface of the opening 19 and the outer circumferential surface 21 of the transparent member 20, and a support portion 33 that protrudes inward from the wall portion 31 and supports the Z2 direction side surface 20B of the transparent member 20. The adhesive layer 52 adheres the Z2 direction side surface 20B of the transparent member 20 to the support portion 33. In the transparent member 20, the adhesive region AR1 on the surface 20B on the Z2 side, which overlaps with the support portion 33 in the Z direction, has better adhesion to the adhesive layer 52 than the non-adhesive region AR2 which is inside the adhesive region AR1 and does not overlap with the support portion 33. According to this disclosure, the transparent member can be properly attached to the glass member while appropriately capturing far-infrared rays.

[0126] The vehicle glass 1 according to the second aspect of this disclosure is the vehicle glass 1 according to the first aspect, wherein the member in the adhesive region AR1 of the transparent member 20 is a base material 22, and the member in the non-adhesive region AR2 of the transparent member 20 is an anti-reflective film 24B. According to this disclosure, the transparent member can be appropriately attached to the glass member while appropriately capturing far-infrared rays.

[0127] A vehicle glass 1 according to a third aspect of this disclosure is a vehicle glass 1 according to the first or second aspect, wherein the material in the adhesive region AR1 of the transparent member 20 is an adhesive film 29B mainly composed of inorganic material which is more compatible with the anti-reflective film 24B, and the material in the non-adhesive region AR2 of the transparent member 20 is the anti-reflective film 24B. According to this disclosure, the transparent member can be appropriately attached to the glass member while appropriately capturing far-infrared rays.

[0128] The vehicle glass 1 according to the fourth aspect of this disclosure is the vehicle glass 1 according to any of the first to third aspects, wherein the base material 22 is a material mainly composed of Si, and the anti-reflective film 24B is composed of Si, Ge, ZnS, YbF ｘ YF ｘ MgF ｘ MgO ｘ , ZnO ｘ , ZrO ｘ Diamond-like carbon, NiO ｘ and Bi ｘ O ｙ It includes a functional layer 26B whose main component is at least one of the following. According to this disclosure, the transmitting member can be properly attached to the glass member while appropriately incorporating far-infrared rays.

[0129] A vehicle glass 1 according to a fifth aspect of this disclosure is a vehicle glass 1 according to a fourth aspect, wherein the anti-reflective film 24B has an outermost layer provided at the position furthest from the substrate 22 in a second direction and a functional layer 26B, and the outermost layer is made of ZrO ｘ NiO ｘ Diamond-like carbon, ZnO ｘ , Si, Ge, ZnSe, ZnS, SnO ｘ and CEO ｘ It comprises at least one of the following as its main component. According to this disclosure, the transmitting member can be appropriately attached to the glass member while appropriately capturing far-infrared rays.

[0130] The vehicle glass 1 according to the sixth embodiment of this disclosure is a vehicle glass 1 according to any of the first to third embodiments, wherein the base material 22 is a material mainly composed of ZnS, Ge, and chalcogenide glass, and the anti-reflective film 24B is Si, Ge, ZnS, YbF ｘ YF ｘ MgF ｘ MgO ｘ , ZnO ｘ , ZrO ｘ Diamond-like carbon, NiO ｘ and Bi ｘ O ｙIt includes a functional layer 26B whose main component is at least one of the following. According to this disclosure, the transmitting member can be properly attached to the glass member while appropriately incorporating far-infrared rays.

[0131] The vehicle glass 1 according to the seventh aspect of this disclosure is the vehicle glass 1 according to any of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the transparent member 20 has an average transmittance of 50% or more for light with wavelengths of 8 μm to 12 μm in the non-adhesive region AR2. According to this disclosure, far-infrared rays can be appropriately transmitted.

[0132] The eighth aspect of this disclosure of vehicle glass 1 is a vehicle glass 1 according to any of the first to seventh aspects, wherein the transparent member 20 has an average reflectance of 25% or less for light with a wavelength of 380 nm to 830 nm in the non-adhesive region AR2. According to this disclosure, the reflection of visible light can be suppressed, making the transparent member 20 less conspicuous.

[0133] The vehicle glass 1 according to the ninth aspect of this disclosure is the vehicle glass 1 according to any of the first to eighth aspects, wherein the transparent member 20 has an average reflectance of 20% or more for light with a wavelength of 830 nm to 2000 nm in the non-adhesive region AR2. According to this disclosure, the transmission and absorption of near-infrared rays can be suppressed, thereby appropriately suppressing heat inflow into the vehicle interior.

[0134] The vehicle glass 1 according to the tenth aspect of this disclosure is the vehicle glass 1 according to any of the first to ninth aspects, wherein the transparent member 20 has an arithmetic mean height Sa defined in ISO 25178 in the non-adhesive region AR2 of the surface 20B that is greater than the arithmetic mean height Sa of the surface 20A. According to this disclosure, condensation can be suppressed by increasing the degree of unevenness in the non-adhesive region AR2.

[0135] The vehicle glass 1 according to the eleventh aspect of this disclosure is the vehicle glass 1 according to any of the first to tenth aspects, wherein the adhesive layer 52 is a cured urethane adhesive or a modified silicone adhesive. According to this disclosure, a transparent member can be appropriately attached to the glass member.

[0136] The vehicle glass 1 according to the twelfth aspect of this disclosure is the vehicle glass 1 according to any of the first to eleventh aspects, wherein the adhesive layer 52 includes a cured silane coupling agent. According to this disclosure, a transparent member can be appropriately attached to a glass member.

[0137] The vehicle glass 1 according to the 13th aspect of this disclosure is the vehicle glass 1 according to any of the 1st to 12th aspects, wherein the width W of the adhesive area AR1 is 0.5 mm or more and 4 mm or less. According to this disclosure, a transparent member can be appropriately attached to the glass member while appropriately capturing far-infrared rays.

[0138] A vehicle glass 1 according to a fourteenth aspect of this disclosure comprises a glass member 10, a transparent member 20, a frame member 30, and an adhesive layer 52. The glass member 10 has an opening 19 that penetrates from the surface 10A on the first direction (Z1 direction) side in the thickness direction (Z direction) to the surface 10B on the second direction (Z2 direction) side opposite to the first direction. The transparent member 20 is provided within the opening 19 and includes a base material 22 that transmits far-infrared rays, an anti-reflective film 24B mainly composed of inorganic material provided on the Z2 direction side of the base material 22, and an adhesive film 29B mainly composed of inorganic material provided on the Z2 direction side of the anti-reflective film 24B. The frame member 30 has a wall portion 31 provided between the inner circumferential surface of the opening 19 and the outer circumferential surface 21 of the transparent member 20, and a support portion 33 that protrudes inward from the wall portion 31 and supports the Z2 direction side surface (surface 20B) of the adhesive film 29B. The adhesive layer 52 adheres the surface (surface 20B) of the adhesive film 29B on the Z2 direction side to the support portion 33. The adhesive film 29B has better compatibility with the adhesive layer 52 than the anti-reflective film 24B. According to this disclosure, the transmitting member can be properly attached to the glass member while appropriately capturing far-infrared rays.

[0139] The vehicle glass 1 according to the 15th aspect of this disclosure is the vehicle glass 1 according to the 14th aspect, wherein the base material 22 is a material mainly composed of Si, and the anti-reflective film 24B is NiO ｘ The adhesive film 29B contains a functional layer 26B mainly composed of SiO ｘ This component is primarily composed of [a specific material]. According to this disclosure, the transmitting member can be appropriately attached to the glass member while appropriately capturing far-infrared rays.

[0140] The vehicle glass 1 according to the 16th aspect of this disclosure is the vehicle glass 1 according to the 14th aspect, wherein the base material 22 is a material mainly composed of ZnS, Ge, and at least one of chalcogenide glass, and the anti-reflective film 24B is Si, Ge, ZnS, YbF ｘ YF ｘ MgF ｘ MgO ｘ , ZnO ｘ , ZrO ｘ Diamond-like carbon, NiO ｘ and Bi ｘ O ｙ The adhesive film 29B includes a functional layer 26B mainly composed of at least one of the following, and the adhesive film 29B is SiO ｘ This component is primarily composed of [a specific material]. According to this disclosure, the transmitting member can be appropriately attached to the glass member while appropriately capturing far-infrared rays.

[0141] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the embodiments are not limited to those described herein. Furthermore, the aforementioned components include those that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those that fall within the so-called equivalent range. Moreover, the aforementioned components can be combined as appropriate. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, or modifications of the components can be made without departing from the spirit of the embodiments described above.

[0142] 1 Vehicle glass 10 Glass member 19 Opening 20 Transmitting member 22 Base material 24, 24A, 24B Anti-reflective coating 26, 26A, 26B Functional layer 29B Adhesive film 30 Frame member 31 Wall portion 32 Fixing portion 33 Support portion 50, 52, 54 Adhesive layer AR1 Adhesive area AR2 Non-adhesive area

Claims

1. A glass member having an opening formed therein that penetrates from the surface on the first direction side in the thickness direction to the surface on the second direction side opposite to the first direction; a transparent member provided in the opening and including a substrate that transmits far infrared rays and an anti-reflective film mainly composed of inorganic material provided on the second direction side of the substrate; a frame member having a wall portion provided between the inner circumferential surface of the opening and the outer circumferential surface of the transparent member, and a support portion that protrudes inward from the wall portion and supports the surface of the transparent member on the second direction side; and an adhesive layer that adheres the surface of the transparent member on the second direction side and the support portion, wherein the transparent member has better adhesion compatibility with the adhesive layer in the adhesive region of the surface on the second direction side that overlaps with the support portion in the thickness direction than the member in the non-adhesive region that is inside the adhesive region and does not overlap with the support portion.

2. The vehicle glass according to claim 1, wherein the member in the adhesive region of the transparent member is the substrate, and the member in the non-adhesive region of the transparent member is the anti-reflective film.

3. The vehicle glass according to claim 1, wherein the material in the adhesive region of the transparent member is an adhesive film mainly composed of an inorganic substance which has better compatibility with the anti-reflective film, and the material in the non-adhesive region of the transparent member is the anti-reflective film.

4. The base material is a member mainly composed of Si, and the antireflection film is Si, Ge, ZnS, YbF ｘ , YF ｘ , MgF ｘ , MgO ｘ , ZnO ｘ , ZrO ｘ , diamond-like carbon, NiO ｘ and Bi ｘ O ｙ The vehicle glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a functional layer mainly composed of at least one of them.

5. The anti-reflective film comprises an outermost layer provided at the position furthest from the substrate in the second direction, and a functional layer, wherein the outermost layer is made of ZrO ｘ NiO ｘ Diamond-like carbon, ZnO ｘ , Si, Ge, ZnSe, ZnS, SnO ｘ and CEO ｘ The vehicle glass according to claim 4, comprising at least one of the following as a main component.

6. The substrate is a material mainly composed of ZnS, Ge, and at least one of chalcogenide glass, and the anti-reflective coating is Si, Ge, ZnS, YbF ｘ YF ｘ MgF ｘ MgO ｘ , ZnO ｘ , ZrO ｘ Diamond-like carbon, NiO ｘ and Bi ｘ O ｙ Vehicle glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a functional layer having at least one of the following as its main component.

7. The vehicle glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the transparent member has an average transmittance of 50% or more for light with a wavelength of 8 μm to 12 μm in the non-adhesive region.

8. The vehicle glass according to claim 7, wherein the transparent member has an average reflectance of 25% or less for light with a wavelength of 380 nm to 830 nm in the non-adhesive region.

9. The vehicle glass according to claim 7, wherein the transparent member has an average reflectance of 20% or more for light with a wavelength of 830 nm to 2000 nm in the non-adhesive region.

10. The vehicle glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the transparent member has an arithmetic mean height Sa defined in ISO 25178 in the non-adhesive region of the surface in the second direction that is greater than the arithmetic mean height Sa of the surface in the first direction.

11. The vehicle glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the adhesive layer is a cured urethane adhesive or a modified silicone adhesive.

12. The vehicle glass according to claim 11, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a silane coupling agent.

13. The width of the adhesive area is 0.5 mm or more and 4 mm or less, the vehicle glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

14. A glass member having an opening formed therein that penetrates from the surface on the first direction side in the thickness direction to the surface on the second direction side opposite to the first direction; a transparent member provided within the opening and including a substrate that transmits far infrared rays, an anti-reflective film mainly composed of inorganic material provided on the second direction side of the substrate, and an adhesive film mainly composed of inorganic material provided on the second direction side of the anti-reflective film; a frame member having a wall portion provided between the inner circumferential surface of the opening and the outer circumferential surface of the transparent member, and a support portion that protrudes inward from the wall portion and supports the second direction side surface of the adhesive film; and an adhesive layer that adheres the second direction side surface of the adhesive film to the support portion, wherein the adhesive film has better compatibility with the adhesive layer in terms of adhesion than the anti-reflective film.

15. The substrate is a material mainly composed of Si, and the anti-reflective film is composed of Si, Ge, ZnS, and YbF ｘ YF ｘ MgF ｘ MgO ｘ , ZnO ｘ , ZrO ｘ Diamond-like carbon, NiO ｘ and Bi ｘ O ｙ The adhesive film includes a functional layer mainly composed of at least one of the following, and the adhesive film is SiO ｘ The vehicle glass according to claim 14, wherein the material is mainly composed of [the specified material].

16. The substrate is a material mainly composed of ZnS, Ge, and at least one of chalcogenide glass, and the anti-reflective film is Si, Ge, ZnS, YbF ｘ YF ｘ MgF ｘ MgO ｘ , ZnO ｘ , ZrO ｘ Diamond-like carbon, NiO ｘ and Bi ｘ O ｙ The adhesive film includes a functional layer mainly composed of at least one of the following, and the adhesive film is SiO ｘ The vehicle glass according to claim 14, wherein the material is mainly composed of [the specified material].

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