Laminate and outdoor electronic apparatus

Abstract

This laminate is used in an environment irradiated with light including infrared rays having a wavelength of 780 nm to 2500 nm, and satisfies the requirement (A), (B) or (C) below. This outdoor electronic apparatus is used in an environment irradiated with light including infrared rays having a wavelength of 780 nm to 2500 nm, wherein the laminate is disposed on a surface of the outdoor electronic apparatus on which the light is incident. (A) An infrared reflective layer is provided to the surface of the laminate on which light is incident, the total light transmittance being 3% or more, and the heat shielding coefficient being 0.90 or less. (B) An infrared absorption layer is provided to the surface of the laminate on which light is incident, the total light transmittance being 3% or more, and the heat shielding coefficient being 0.90 or less. (C) An infrared shielding layer is provided to the surface of the laminate on the light is incident, and a heat insulating layer is provided to a surface of the infrared shielding layer opposite to a surface on which external light is incident.

Description

Laminates and outdoor electronic equipment

[0001] The present invention relates to a laminate having an infrared reflective layer, an infrared absorbing layer, or an infrared shielding layer and a heat insulating layer on a surface into which ambient light including infrared rays is incident, and to an outdoor electronic device in which this laminate is arranged.

[0002] In recent years, advancements in display brightness using mini-LEDs and micro-LEDs have led to the emergence of outdoor displays such as digital signage that can produce high-definition images with good visibility even in sunlight. On the other hand, using outdoor displays in sunlight presents a problem: the temperature inside the display rises due to the effects of infrared radiation, which can lead to decreased visibility and malfunctions. Therefore, there is a need for measures to suppress the temperature rise inside the display caused by irradiation with light including infrared radiation.

[0003] In relation to the present invention, Patent Document 1 describes a laminated film having a solar radiation reflecting layer (metal vapor-deposited layer) used for outdoor display applications. The laminated film described in this document has a configuration that includes an oxide layer and a metal layer in order to achieve a high level of both visible light transmittance and heat shielding coefficient.

[0004] Patent Document 2 describes a functional sheet having at least electromagnetic wave shielding properties, wherein one or more functional layers, including at least an electromagnetic wave shielding layer, and an adhesive layer are sandwiched between a first release film and a second release film, the release properties of which differ from those of adjacent layers. This functional sheet is used by being bonded to painted surfaces of buildings, exterior and interior surfaces of vehicles, etc.

[0005] Patent Document 3 describes a window film comprising a substrate, a hard coat layer provided on one side of the substrate, and an adhesive layer provided on the other side of the substrate, wherein the hard coat layer is made of a material containing a cured product of an ultraviolet-curable resin, tungsten cesium oxide, carbon black, and titanium nitride, and the cured product of the ultraviolet-curable resin is formed by a polymerization reaction using a composition containing a photopolymerization initiator having an absorption peak in the wavelength region of 330 nm to 400 nm.

[0006] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-246314, WO2017 / 026211, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2023-151521

[0007] As mentioned above, using outdoor displays in direct sunlight can cause problems such as reduced visibility and malfunctions due to the rise in internal temperature caused by infrared radiation. Therefore, there is a need for measures to suppress the temperature rise inside the display caused by irradiation with light including infrared radiation. However, to date, no solution with sufficient heat shielding effect (the effect of preventing heat from sunlight, etc., from entering the inside of the display) has been found.

[0008] The present invention has been made from this viewpoint, and aims to provide a laminate for use in an environment where light including infrared rays is irradiated, which is capable of efficiently suppressing the temperature rise inside electronic equipment caused by irradiation with light including infrared rays, and an outdoor electronic equipment for use in an environment where light including infrared rays is irradiated, wherein the laminate is arranged on the surface of the outdoor electronic equipment into which ambient light is incident.

[0009] To solve the above problems, the inventors diligently studied methods for suppressing the temperature rise inside outdoor electronic equipment caused by irradiation with light including infrared rays. As a result, they found that by placing a laminate having an infrared reflective layer or an infrared absorbing layer, or a laminate having an infrared blocking layer and an insulating layer, with a total light transmittance of 3% or more and a heat shielding coefficient of 0.90 or less, on the surface of the outdoor electronic equipment to which infrared rays are incident, the temperature rise inside the outdoor electronic equipment can be effectively suppressed, thereby preventing a decrease in visibility and malfunctions, and thus completed the present invention.

[0010] Thus, according to the present invention, the laminate described in [1] to

[11] and the outdoor electronic device described in

[12] to

[14] are provided.

[0011] [1] A laminate used in an environment where light including infrared rays with a wavelength of 780 nm to 2500 nm is irradiated, wherein an infrared reflective layer is provided on the surface of the laminate to which the light is incident, the total light transmittance is 3% or more, and the heat shielding coefficient is 0.90 or less. [2] A laminate used in an environment where light including infrared rays with a wavelength of 780 nm to 2500 nm is irradiated, wherein an infrared absorbing layer is provided on the surface of the laminate to which the light is incident, the total light transmittance is 3% or more, and the heat shielding coefficient is 0.90 or less. [3] A laminate used in an environment where light including infrared rays with a wavelength of 780 nm to 2500 nm is irradiated, wherein an infrared shielding layer is provided on the surface of the laminate to which the light is incident, and a heat insulating layer is provided on the side of the infrared shielding layer opposite to the surface to which external light is incident.

[0012] [4] The laminate according to [1], wherein the infrared reflective layer is made of a film having a vapor-deposited film of metal or metal oxide on a substrate. [5] The laminate according to [1], wherein the infrared reflective layer is made of a film having a wavelength-selective infrared reflective layer that includes a multilayer structure having at least two nanoscale resin layers on a substrate. [6] The laminate according to [2], wherein the infrared absorbing layer is made of a film having a cured film made of an active energy ray curable resin composition containing an infrared absorbing agent on a substrate. [7] The laminate according to [3], wherein the infrared shielding layer is an infrared absorbing layer or an infrared reflective layer. [8] The laminate according to [3], wherein the heat insulating layer is an air layer. [9] The laminate according to [1], wherein the reflectance of infrared rays at a wavelength of 2000 nm is 4% or more.

[10] The laminate according to [2], wherein the absorption rate of infrared rays at a wavelength of 2000 nm is 4% or more.

[11] The laminate according to [3], wherein the blocking rate of infrared rays at a wavelength of 2000 nm is 4% or more.

[0013]

[12] An outdoor electronic device used in an environment where light including infrared light with a wavelength of 780 nm to 2500 nm is irradiated, wherein the laminate described in any of [1] to

[11] is arranged on the surface of the outdoor electronic device to which the light is incident.

[13] The outdoor electronic device according to

[12] , which has a backlight with a plurality of light-emitting elements on a substrate.

[14] The outdoor electronic device according to

[13] , wherein the light-emitting elements are mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs.

[0014] According to the present invention, a laminate is provided that can more effectively suppress the temperature rise inside an outdoor electronic device even when irradiated with light including infrared rays, and an outdoor electronic device equipped with the laminate on the surface of the outdoor electronic device into which ambient light is incident.

[0015] This figure shows the laminate of the present invention attached to an outdoor display. This is a cross-sectional view of the layer structure of laminate 10B according to Example 1. This is a cross-sectional view of the layer structure of laminate 10C according to Example 4. This is a cross-sectional view of the layer structure of laminate 10D according to Example 6.

[0016] The present invention will be described in detail below, divided into two sections: 1) Laminates and 2) Outdoor Electronic Devices. In this specification, "infrared radiation" refers to electromagnetic waves with wavelengths longer than visible light, specifically those with wavelengths between 780 nm and 2500 nm. Infrared radiation includes near-infrared, mid-infrared, and far-infrared radiation. Compared to ultraviolet radiation, for example, infrared radiation has a lower energy content but a greater thermal effect, and when infrared radiation is absorbed by a substance, it is emitted as heat. For this reason, infrared radiation is sometimes commonly called heat radiation.

[0017] 1) Laminate The first aspect of the present invention is a laminate used in an environment irradiated with light including infrared rays (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "infrared rays") with a wavelength of 780 nm to 2500 nm, and the laminate is provided with the following requirements (A), (B), or (C): (A) An infrared reflective layer is provided on the surface of the laminate to which the light is incident, and the total light transmittance is 3% or more, and the heat shielding coefficient is 0.90 or less. (B) An infrared absorbing layer is provided on the surface of the laminate to which the light is incident, and the total light transmittance is 3% or more, and the heat shielding coefficient is 0.90 or less. (C) An infrared shielding layer is provided on the surface of the laminate to which the light is incident, and a heat insulating layer is provided on the side of the infrared shielding layer opposite to the surface to which the ambient light is incident.

[0018] In this specification, among the laminates of the present invention, a laminate used in an environment irradiated with light including infrared rays and that satisfies requirement (A) may be referred to as "laminated (1A)", a laminate used in an environment irradiated with light including infrared rays and that satisfies requirement (B) may be referred to as "laminated (1B)", and a laminate used in an environment irradiated with light including infrared rays and that satisfies requirement (C) may be referred to as "laminated (1C)".

[0019] (1) Laminate (1A) The laminate (1A) of the present invention is a laminate used in an environment where light including infrared rays is irradiated, wherein an infrared reflective layer is provided on the surface of the laminate to which the light is incident, the total light transmittance is 3% or more, and the heat shielding coefficient is 0.90 or less.

[0020] (Infrared Reflecting Layer) The infrared reflecting layer of the laminate (1A) is a layer that has the property of reflecting infrared rays incident on the infrared reflecting layer. The laminate (1A) is preferably a laminate that includes an infrared reflecting layer on a substrate, and is particularly preferably a laminate that includes a laminated film in which an infrared reflecting layer is formed on a resin film that serves as the substrate.

[0021] The above-mentioned substrate may be transparent or translucent, and may be colored or uncolored, and can be appropriately selected according to the intended use. From the viewpoint of easily achieving excellent image visibility in displays, the above-mentioned substrate is preferably transparent and preferably transmits visible light sufficiently. More specifically, it is preferable that the light transmittance of the substrate at a wavelength of 550 nm is 60% or more, preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more. From the viewpoint of SDGs, the substrate may be a material with a high biomass content, a material that can be recycled or reused, or a recycled or reused material.

[0022] The above-mentioned substrate is preferably a resin film from the viewpoint of efficient manufacturing of laminates and ease of handling. As the resin film, it can be appropriately selected from known plastic films that have been conventionally used as substrates for optical films. Examples of such plastic films include polyester films such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene films, polypropylene films, cellophane, diacetylcellulose films, triacetylcellulose films, acetylcellulose butyrate films, polyvinyl chloride films, polyvinylidene chloride films, polyvinyl alcohol films, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer films, polystyrene films, polycarbonate films, polymethylpentene films, polysulfone films, polyetheretherketone films, polyethersulfone films, polyetherimide films, polyimide films, fluororesin films, polyamide films, and acrylic resin films. When an outdoor electronic device is an outdoor display and a laminate is placed on the front panel of the outdoor display, a colorless, transparent resin film is preferable from the viewpoint of image visibility on the display. From the viewpoint of harmony with the surrounding components of the display and from the viewpoint of making a specific color of the image stand out, a transparent resin film colored to the desired color is preferable.

[0023] There are no particular restrictions on the thickness of the substrate, and it is selected appropriately depending on the purpose, but it is usually in the range of 10 to 250 μm, and preferably in the range of 20 to 200 μm.

[0024] The substrate can be surface-treated on one or both sides, as desired, by oxidation or embossing methods, in order to improve adhesion with the infrared reflective layer provided on its surface. Examples of oxidation methods include corona discharge treatment, chromic acid treatment (wet), flame treatment, hot air treatment, and ozone / ultraviolet irradiation treatment. Examples of embossing methods include sandblasting and solvent treatment. These surface treatment methods are appropriately selected depending on the type of substrate.

[0025] Examples of infrared reflective layers in the laminate (1A) include: (i) an infrared reflective layer formed by alternately laminating metal thin films and metal oxide thin films; (ii) an infrared reflective layer of the so-called Drude Mirror type, formed by laminating metal oxide thin films, such as an infrared reflective layer obtained by forming a transparent conductive film represented by a mixed film of indium oxide and tin oxide (ITO film) or a zinc oxide film with aluminum added; (iii) an infrared reflective layer of the so-called half-mirror type, formed by laminating metal thin films; and (iv) an infrared reflective layer with wavelength selectivity, including a multilayer structure having at least two nanoscale resin layers. From the perspective of SDGs, materials with a high biomass content may be used as the material constituting the infrared reflective layer, materials that can be recycled or reused may be used, or recycled or reused materials may be used.

[0026] Examples of metals that make up a thin metal film include Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Pd, Pt, Sn, In, Zn, Ti, Cd, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, and alloys made of two or more of these metals (for example, nichrome). The thin metal film may be made by laminating one or more layers of these metals or alloys.

[0027] Examples of metal oxides that make up metal oxide thin films include TiO ２ Nb ２ O ５ Ta ２ O ５ SiO ２ Al２ O ３ , ZrO ２ , In ２ O ３ Examples include O, ZrO, InO, and mixtures composed of two or more of these. The metal oxide thin film may be a single layer or a laminate of multiple layers of these metal oxides.

[0028] As the metal thin film and the metal oxide thin film, a vapor deposition film of a metal or a metal oxide is preferable because it is easy to form and an excellent infrared reflection effect can be obtained.

[0029] These metal thin films and metal oxide thin films can be formed by a conventionally known film forming method appropriately selected from a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a plasma spraying method, an ion plating method, a plating method, and the like.

[0030] Examples of the infrared reflection layer having wavelength selectivity and including a multilayer structure having at least two or more nanoscale resin layers include a film having a multilayer structure in which two or more thermoplastic resins having different refractive indexes are alternately laminated in dozens of layers or more. Such examples include a multilayer film composed of a polyethylene terephthalate layer and a polyester layer containing a cyclohexanedimethanol carboxylate unit, a multilayer film composed of a polyethylene terephthalate layer and a polyethylene naphthalate layer, a multilayer film composed of a polyethylene terephthalate layer and a methyl methacrylate copolymer layer, a multilayer film composed of a polyethylene naphthalate layer and a polymethyl methacrylate layer, a multilayer film composed of a polyvinyl butyral layer and a polystyrene layer, and the like. Here, the wavelength selectivity means the property of absorbing or reflecting in a specific wavelength region, and the laminated film having wavelength selectivity means a laminated film capable of controlling the transmittance in a specific wavelength region.

[0031] Among these, as the infrared reflection layer of the laminate of the present invention, from the viewpoint of easily obtaining a laminate having a high visible light transmittance or total light transmittance and selectively reflecting infrared rays, a so-called half mirror-type infrared reflection layer in which a metal thin film is laminated, or an infrared reflection layer having wavelength selectivity including a multilayer structure having at least two or more nanoscale resin layers is preferable.

[0032] The laminate (1A) may have one infrared reflection layer or two or more infrared reflection layers that are the same or different.

[0033] The reflectance of the infrared reflection layer may vary depending on differences in the materials used, layer configuration, etc., and the wavelength of the infrared rays. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately select which type (materials used, layer configuration, etc.) of infrared reflection layer to adopt according to the usage scenario. It is also preferable to appropriately combine two or more of these different types of infrared reflection layers. Thereby, infrared rays in a wide wavelength range can be reflected. When combining a plurality of infrared reflection layers, the arrangement order of the plurality of infrared reflection layers is not particularly limited. Also, the plurality of infrared reflection layers may be arranged adjacent to each other or another layer (such as an adhesive layer) may be interposed between them.

[0034] The thickness of the infrared reflection layer (when there are a plurality of infrared reflection layers, the thickness of each layer) is not particularly limited and is usually 1 nm to 10 μm, preferably 5 nm to 2 μm, more preferably 10 nm to 1 μm. Thereby, excellent infrared reflection ability is exhibited, and the rise in the internal temperature of the outdoor electronic device to which the laminate of the present invention is applied can be effectively suppressed.

[0035] When the laminate (1A) is a laminate including a configuration in which an infrared reflection layer is provided on a substrate, the total thickness of the substrate and the infrared reflection layer is usually 1 to 300 μm, preferably 5 to 275 μm, more preferably 10 to 250 μm, still more preferably 15 to 225 μm, and particularly preferably 20 to 200 μm. Thereby, excellent infrared reflection ability is exhibited, and the rise in temperature is suppressed. Also, as a laminate combined with other layers, its handling property can be made good.

[0036] In the present invention, films that are commonly sold commercially as infrared reflective films, heat-shielding films, heat-reflective films (such as half-mirror films), infrared-cutting films, etc., can also be used as the infrared reflective layer.

[0037] From the viewpoint of easily satisfying the heat shielding coefficient described later, the infrared reflective layer is preferably one that reflects infrared rays across a wide wavelength range.

[0038] The infrared reflectance of the infrared reflective layer at a wavelength of 1000 nm is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 20% or more, even more preferably 30% or more, particularly preferably 40% or more, and most preferably 60% or more, and especially preferably 80% or more, from the viewpoint of easily satisfying the heat shielding coefficient described later. The upper limit of this reflectance is usually 100% or less.

[0039] The infrared reflectance of the infrared reflective layer at a wavelength of 1500 nm is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 10% or more, even more preferably 25% or more, particularly preferably 40% or more, and most preferably 50% or more, from the viewpoint of easily satisfying the heat shielding coefficient described later. The upper limit of this reflectance is usually 100% or less.

[0040] The infrared reflectance of the infrared reflective layer at a wavelength of 2000 nm is preferably 4% or more, more preferably 10% or more, even more preferably 25% or more, particularly preferably 40% or more, and most preferably 50% or more, and especially preferably 60% or more, from the viewpoint of easily satisfying the heat shielding coefficient described later. The upper limit of this reflectance is usually 100% or less.

[0041] The infrared reflectance of the infrared reflective layer at a wavelength of 1000 nm, the infrared reflectance of the infrared reflective layer at a wavelength of 1500 nm, and the infrared reflectance of the infrared reflective layer at a wavelength of 2000 nm should preferably be 4% or more, more preferably 10% or more, even more preferably 20% or more, and particularly preferably 30% or more. This allows the layer to reflect infrared rays across a wide wavelength range, making it easier to satisfy the heat shielding coefficient described later.

[0042] The infrared reflectance can be measured and determined by the method described in the examples.

[0043] The total light transmittance of the infrared reflective layer is preferably 5 to 100%, more preferably 20 to 98%, even more preferably 40 to 96%, particularly preferably 50 to 95% or more, and most preferably 60 to 94%. This allows the layer to exhibit the desired infrared reflectivity and ensure excellent visibility, such as when it is placed on the front panel of an outdoor display. The total light transmittance can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0044] The haze value of the infrared reflective layer is preferably 0 to 40%, more preferably 0.01 to 20%, even more preferably 0.1 to 10%, particularly preferably 0.3 to 5%, and most preferably 0.5 to 2%. This allows for excellent visibility and desired infrared reflectivity when used on the front panel of an outdoor display, for example. The haze value can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0045] The gloss value of the infrared reflective layer at 60° is preferably 100 to 1000%, more preferably 110 to 800%, even more preferably 120 to 600%, particularly preferably 130 to 500%, and most preferably 140 to 400%. This allows for excellent visibility and a suitable display appearance when used on the front panel of an outdoor display, for example. The gloss can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0046] [Layer structure of laminate (1A)] Laminate (1A) only needs to have at least the infrared reflective layer described above, but it is also preferable that it includes other layers in addition to the infrared reflective layer. Preferred other layers include a protective layer, an adhesive layer, a coating layer, an anti-glare layer, an anti-reflective layer, an anti-glare anti-reflective layer, an infrared absorbing layer, a heat insulating layer, etc. From the viewpoint of SDGs, materials with a high biomass content may be used as materials constituting the other layers, materials that can be recycled or reused may be used, or recycled or reused materials may be used.

[0047] (Protective layer) In the laminate (1A), it is also preferable to further include a protective layer in addition to the infrared reflective layer. The protective layer is preferably provided on the infrared reflective layer when it is necessary to protect the infrared reflective layer from moisture, etc.

[0048] Examples of protective layers include layers of metal oxides or nitrides such as tin, indium, titanium, silicon, and gallium. The protective layer can be formed by a film deposition method appropriately selected from conventionally known methods such as spin coating, CVD (chemical vapor deposition), and PVD (physical vapor deposition).

[0049] The thickness of the protective layer is preferably 1 to 100 nm, and more preferably 2 to 50 nm. This allows the infrared reflective layer to be protected from moisture and other elements while suppressing the overall thickness of the laminate.

[0050] (Adhesive layer) In the laminate (1A), it is also preferable to further include an adhesive layer in addition to the infrared reflective layer. The adhesive layer may be preferably used to adhere the laminate (1A) to the surface of outdoor electronic equipment to which ambient light is incident, and is provided as needed. The adhesive layer is also preferably used when laminating an anti-glare anti-reflective film or the like on the infrared reflective layer.

[0051] As the adhesive constituting the adhesive layer, it is preferable to use an adhesive intended for optical applications, and any of the following may be used: acrylic adhesive, silicone adhesive, urethane adhesive, butadiene adhesive, polyester adhesive, etc. Furthermore, the adhesive may be of emulsion type, solvent type, or solvent-free type. In addition, the adhesive may or may not have a crosslinked structure. Among these, from the viewpoint of adhesive properties and optical properties, acrylic adhesives are preferably used as the adhesive, and acrylic adhesives having a crosslinked structure are particularly preferably used. The acrylic adhesive is a polymer containing acrylic monomer units as the main component, and examples of acrylic monomers include (meth)acrylic acid, itaconic acid, (anhydride) maleic acid, (anhydride) fumaric acid, crotonic acid, and their alkyl esters. In this specification, (meth)acrylic acid means both acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. The same applies to other similar terms. Furthermore, the concept of "polymer" is also included in the concept of "polymer".

[0052] The adhesive layer may contain an ultraviolet absorber. This provides excellent suppression of display degradation due to ultraviolet light. Examples of ultraviolet absorbers include benzophenone compounds, benzotriazole compounds, triazine compounds, cyanoacrylates, salicylic acid esters, etc., and one or more may be used alone or in combination. Among the above, benzophenone compounds, benzotriazole compounds, or triazine compounds are preferred, and they can be used appropriately depending on the degree of coloration, etc.

[0053] When the adhesive layer contains an ultraviolet absorber, for example, when it is attached to a glass plate such as the front panel of an outdoor display, the ultraviolet transmittance measured in accordance with JIS A5759 can be reduced to 1% or less, which is preferable because it reduces the impact of ultraviolet rays on the outdoor display.

[0054] The adhesive layer may contain additives commonly used in adhesives, if necessary. Examples of such additives include tackifiers, silane coupling agents, fillers, softeners, antioxidants, light stabilizers, crosslinking agents, colorants, infrared absorbers, modifiers, rust inhibitors, flame retardants, hydrolysis inhibitors, surface lubricants, corrosion inhibitors, heat stabilizers, lubricants, antistatic agents, polymerization inhibitors, catalysts, leveling agents, thickeners, dispersants, defoamers, and surfactants.

[0055] The thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 500 μm, preferably 4 to 300 μm, more preferably 8 to 150 μm, even more preferably 12 to 100 μm, particularly preferably 16 to 75 μm, and most preferably 20 to 50 μm.

[0056] If the laminate (1A) includes an adhesive layer, it is also preferable to laminate a release sheet on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the substrate. This makes it possible to protect the adhesive surface of the adhesive layer (the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the substrate) with the release sheet until it is attached to the adherend. The release sheet is not particularly limited as long as it has the desired release properties on its release surface (the surface in contact with the adhesive layer), and known release films such as resin films in which one side has been treated with a release agent can be used.

[0057] (Coating Layer) In the laminate (1A), it is also preferable to further include a coating layer in addition to the infrared reflective layer. Examples of coating layers include those made from a cured thermosetting resin and those made from a cured active energy ray curable resin. Depending on the properties of the materials used and the degree of crosslinking of the cured material, it is possible to design cured materials ranging from flexible to highly hard. For example, a self-healing layer can be used as a flexible coating layer, and a hard coat layer can be used as a highly hard coating layer. In the present invention, an active energy ray curable resin is preferably used from the viewpoint of the durability of the coating layer. Note that a thermosetting resin is a compound that has the property of crosslinking and hardening when heated, and an active energy ray curable resin is a compound that has the property of crosslinking and hardening when irradiated with active energy rays.

[0058] As the active energy ray curable resin, it can be selected from those that are conventionally known, and active energy ray curable monomers, prepolymers, resins, or mixtures thereof can be used. Among these, from the viewpoint of scratch resistance and hardness, organic-inorganic hybrid resins obtained by bonding organic compounds having polymerizable unsaturated groups to polyfunctional (meth)acrylic monomers, (meth)acrylate prepolymers, inorganic fine particles such as silica via a silane coupling agent are preferred.

[0059] When using ultraviolet light as the active energy ray to form a hard coat layer using an active energy ray curable resin, it is preferable to use a photopolymerization initiator. This makes it possible to form a hard coat layer that exhibits the desired scratch resistance and hardness. A photopolymerization initiator is a compound that generates radical species when irradiated with active energy rays such as ultraviolet light.

[0060] The coating layer may contain additives commonly used in coating layers, as needed. Examples of such additives include plasticizers, antiviral agents, antimicrobial agents, silane coupling agents, fillers, softeners, antioxidants, light stabilizers, leveling agents, crosslinking agents, colorants, infrared absorbers, modifiers, rust inhibitors, flame retardants, hydrolysis inhibitors, surface lubricants, corrosion inhibitors, heat stabilizers, lubricants, antistatic agents, polymerization inhibitors, catalysts, thickeners, dispersants, defoamers, and surfactants.

[0061] The method for manufacturing the coating layer is not particularly limited. For example, it can be formed by manufacturing a coating liquid for forming the coating layer, coating the coating liquid onto a substrate to form a coating film, and curing the coating film with heat or active energy rays such as ultraviolet light or electrons. The substrate used may be the same as the resin film described above, and is not particularly limited.

[0062] The thickness of the coating layer is preferably 1 to 30 μm, particularly preferably 2 to 15 μm, and even more preferably 3 to 10 μm. This makes it easier for the coating layer to have the desired hardness and scratch resistance.

[0063] The pencil hardness of the coating layer surface is preferably H or higher, and more preferably 2H or higher. The upper limit of this pencil hardness is not particularly limited, but is usually 9H or lower. This results in a laminate with excellent scratch resistance and superior surface protection. In particular, because the surface is resistant to scratches, the aesthetic appearance of the display can be well maintained. Pencil hardness can be measured in accordance with JIS K5600.

[0064] The surface of the coated layer exhibits excellent scratch resistance. This excellent scratch resistance can be confirmed by the absence of any change in appearance during scratch resistance tests using steel wool. Specifically, the excellent scratch resistance of the laminate was demonstrated on the outermost surface using #0000 steel wool at 250 g / cm³, in accordance with JIS K5600-5-10. ２ This can be confirmed by rubbing the surface 10 times back and forth over a distance of 10 cm with a load, and then checking that no scratches appear on the surface. This demonstrates excellent surface protection and allows the aesthetic appearance of the display to be well maintained.

[0065] (Anti-glare layer) In the laminate (1A), it is also preferable to further include an anti-glare layer in addition to the infrared reflective layer. The anti-glare layer is a layer that prevents glare caused by external light such as sunlight when used in a display, thereby improving the viewer's image visibility. Examples of the anti-glare layer include one formed by appropriately dispersing fillers such as silica particles in the aforementioned coating layer, or one formed by roughening the surface shape of the aforementioned coating layer. The anti-glare layer can be formed by the same method as the method for forming the coating layer described above.

[0066] The thickness of the anti-glare layer is preferably 1 to 30 μm, particularly preferably 2 to 15 μm, and even more preferably 3 to 10 μm. This makes it easier for the anti-glare layer to have the desired hardness and scratch resistance.

[0067] (Anti-reflective layer) In the laminate (1A), it is also preferable to further include an anti-reflective layer in addition to the infrared reflective layer. The anti-reflective layer is provided to prevent screen reflections caused by reflections from sunlight, etc., and to suppress the reflectivity of the surface. By providing an anti-reflective layer, the visibility of the display is improved.

[0068] The anti-reflective layer can be formed, for example, by applying a coating solution of an anti-reflective layer forming composition containing an acrylic resin, hollow silica fine particles, and a photopolymerization initiator directly onto the anti-glare layer or via another layer, and then drying it.

[0069] The thickness of the anti-reflective layer is typically 1 to 500 nm, preferably 5 to 200 nm, and particularly preferably 50 to 150 nm. When the laminate of the present invention has an anti-reflective layer, the reflectance of incident light is preferably 3.0% or less. This reflectance is typically 0% or more. This suppresses reflection of ambient light, making it suitable for displays with excellent visibility. The reflectance can be measured using an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) spectrophotometer.

[0070] The refractive index of the anti-reflective layer is preferably 1.48 or less, more preferably 1.46 or less, particularly preferably 1.45 or less, and even more preferably 1.44 or less. This results in superior anti-reflective performance of the anti-reflective layer. The lower limit of the refractive index is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 1.30 or more, and particularly preferably 1.35 or more. The refractive index of the anti-reflective layer shall be measured by ellipsometry.

[0071] (Anti-glare anti-reflective layer) In the laminate (1A), it is also preferable to further include an anti-glare anti-reflective layer in addition to the infrared reflective layer. The anti-glare anti-reflective layer can be obtained, for example, by providing the aforementioned anti-reflective layer on the surface of the aforementioned anti-glare layer. In this case, the thickness of the anti-glare layer and the thickness of the anti-reflective layer (i.e., the total thickness of the anti-glare anti-reflective layer) are preferably within the aforementioned range, and the thickness of the anti-glare anti-reflective layer including the anti-glare layer and the anti-reflective layer is preferably 1 to 32 μm, more preferably 2 to 16 μm, and particularly preferably 3 to 10 μm. By providing an anti-glare anti-reflective layer, it is possible to prevent reflections on the screen caused by reflections from sunlight, fluorescent lights, etc.

[0072] (Infrared Absorption Layer) In the laminate (1A), it is also preferable to further include an infrared absorption layer in addition to the infrared reflection layer. In this specification, the infrared absorption layer is a layer that has the property of absorbing infrared rays having any wavelength in the region of 780 nm to 2500 nm. By further including an infrared absorption layer in addition to the infrared reflection layer in the laminate (1A), the transmission of infrared rays over a wider range can be suppressed more effectively, and the laminate can be made in which heat propagation is further suppressed. Examples of infrared absorption layers include those similar to the infrared absorption layer in the laminate (1B) described later.

[0073] The thickness of the infrared absorption layer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of achieving both excellent infrared absorption and transparency, it is preferably 0.1 to 30 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 20 μm, preferably 1 to 15 μm, particularly preferably 1.5 to 10 μm, and most preferably 2 to 6 μm.

[0074] (Thermal insulation layer) In the laminate (1A), it is also preferable to further include a thermal insulation layer in addition to the infrared reflective layer. By further including a thermal insulation layer in addition to the infrared reflective layer, it is possible to effectively suppress the transmission of infrared rays over a wide range and to create a laminate in which heat propagation is suppressed.

[0075] Examples of insulating layers include those similar to the insulating layer found in the laminate (1C) described later.

[0076] The following are possible, but are not limited to, the layer configurations of the laminate (1A): Infrared reflective layer / base layer / adhesive layer Coat layer / adhesive layer / Infrared reflective layer / base layer / adhesive layer Anti-glare layer / adhesive layer / Infrared reflective layer / base layer / adhesive layer Anti-reflective layer / adhesive layer / Infrared reflective layer / base layer / adhesive layer Anti-glare anti-reflective layer / adhesive layer / Infrared reflective layer / base layer / adhesive layer Anti-glare anti-reflective layer / adhesive layer / Infrared reflective layer / base layer / adhesive layer / Infrared absorbing layer / base layer / adhesive layer

[0077] The laminate (1A) of the present invention has excellent heat shielding effect. The heat shielding coefficient of the laminate (1A) of the present invention is preferably 0.9 or less, more preferably 0.87 or less, even more preferably 0.80 or less, particularly preferably 0.75 or less, and most preferably 0.70 or less. Laminates with a small heat shielding coefficient have excellent heat insulation effect and can effectively suppress the temperature rise inside outdoor electronic equipment. In particular, in outdoor electronic equipment equipped with mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs, a lot of heat is generated by the mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs themselves, so if the temperature rise due to infrared rays such as sunlight is further added, it will accelerate the shortening of the lifespan of the electronic equipment. By appropriately applying the laminate of the present invention that satisfies the above heat shielding coefficient, the temperature rise due to sunlight is suppressed, the durability of the electronic equipment is improved, and it contributes to a longer lifespan. The heat shielding coefficient is a coefficient that can be obtained by the following formula (1). The heat shielding coefficient can be measured and determined by the method described in the examples.

[0078]

[0079] The laminate (1A) is preferably highly transparent when visibility is required in outdoor electronic equipment. The total light transmittance of the laminate of the present invention is preferably 3% or more, more preferably 20% or more, even more preferably 40% or more, particularly preferably 50% or more, and most preferably 60% or more. This results in excellent visibility of the display when used on the front panel of an outdoor display. The upper limit of the total light transmittance is usually preferably 100%, but since it includes the infrared reflective layer and other layers, it may be 99% or 98% or less. The total light transmittance can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0080] The haze value of the laminate (1A) is preferably 0 to 99%, more preferably 0.01 to 80%, even more preferably 0.1 to 60%, particularly preferably 0.5 to 40%, and most preferably 5 to 30% or less, with a particularly favorable value of 8 to 20%. This provides excellent anti-glare properties and is suitable for use on the front panel of outdoor displays. In particular, it enables the realization of high-definition images with good visibility even in sunlight in displays using mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs. The haze value can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0081] The 60° gloss of the laminate (1A) is preferably 30 to 1000%, more preferably 35 to 750%, even more preferably 40 to 500%, particularly preferably 45 to 250%, and most preferably 48 to 150. This provides the desired surface gloss and is particularly suitable for use on the front panel of an outdoor display. The 60° gloss can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0082] As described above, the laminate (1A) of the present invention can suppress the temperature rise inside outdoor electronic devices such as outdoor displays, even when exposed to ambient light including infrared rays. In particular, in outdoor electronic devices equipped with mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs, heat is also generated by the mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs themselves. Therefore, by applying the laminate of the present invention to outdoor electronic devices, it is possible to prevent a decrease in visibility or malfunction due to the temperature rise inside outdoor electronic devices such as outdoor displays.

[0083] (2) Laminate (1B) The laminate (1B) of the present invention is a laminate used in an environment in which light including infrared rays is irradiated, wherein an infrared absorbing layer is provided on the surface of the laminate into which the light is incident, the total light transmittance is 3% or more, and the heat shielding coefficient is 0.90 or less.

[0084] (Infrared Absorption Layer) The laminate (1B) is preferably a laminate that includes an infrared absorption layer on a substrate, and is particularly preferably a laminate that includes a laminated film in which an infrared absorption layer is formed on a resin film that serves as the substrate.

[0085] The above-mentioned substrate may be transparent or translucent, and may be colored or uncolored, and can be appropriately selected according to the intended use. From the viewpoint of easily achieving excellent image visibility in displays, the above-mentioned substrate is preferably transparent, and more specifically, it is preferably transparent enough to transmit visible light, for example, it is preferably a light transmittance of 60% or more, preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more at a wavelength of 550 nm. From the viewpoint of SDGs, a material with a high biomass content may be used as the substrate, a material that can be recycled or reused may be used, or a recycled or reused material may be used.

[0086] The substrate used for the laminate (1B) is preferably a resin film, from the viewpoint of efficient manufacturing of the laminate and ease of handling.

[0087] As the resin film, the same type as those listed above as usable in the laminate (1A) can be used.

[0088] There are no particular restrictions on the thickness of the resin film, and it is selected appropriately depending on the purpose, but it is usually in the range of 10 to 250 μm, and preferably in the range of 20 to 200 μm.

[0089] The substrate may be surface-treated on one or both sides, if desired, by oxidation, embossing, or other methods, in order to improve adhesion with the infrared-absorbing layer provided on its surface. Examples of oxidation and embossing methods include those exemplified in the laminate (1A) described above. These surface treatment methods are appropriately selected depending on the type of substrate.

[0090] The infrared absorbing layer can be obtained, for example, by applying a curable resin composition containing an inorganic or organic infrared absorbing agent to the surface of the substrate and curing the resulting coating film. From the viewpoint of SDGs, the materials constituting the infrared absorbing layer may be materials with a high biomass content, materials that can be recycled or reused, or recycled or reused materials.

[0091] Examples of curable resin compositions include thermosetting resin compositions and active energy ray curable resin compositions.

[0092] The thermosetting resin composition is not particularly limited as long as it gives a cured product when heated, and can be appropriately selected from conventionally known compositions. Generally, the thermosetting resin composition has a thermosetting resin as its basic component and further contains other resins and curing accelerators, etc., if desired.

[0093] Examples of thermosetting resins include acrylate polymers having carbon-carbon double bonds or glycidyl groups, unsaturated polyesters, isoprene polymers, butadiene polymers, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, urea resins, and melamine resins. These may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0094] Other resins include vinyl resin, urethane resin, polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, nitrile resin, and silicone resin. These resins are used to adjust the viscosity of the coating liquid or to impart desired physical properties to the cured layer, and may be used individually or in combination of two or more types.

[0095] The thermosetting resin composition may contain a curing accelerator. Examples of curing accelerators include tertiary amines such as triethylenediamine, benzyldimethylamine, triethanolamine, dimethylaminoethanol, and tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol; imidazoles such as 2-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4,5-dihydroxymethylimidazole, and 2-phenyl-4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole (imidazoles in which one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted with groups other than hydrogen atoms); organophosphines such as tributylphosphine, diphenylphosphine, and triphenylphosphine (phosphines in which one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted with organic groups); and tetraphenylboron salts such as tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate and triphenylphosphine tetraphenylborate.

[0096] The thermosetting resin composition may contain a crosslinking agent. Examples of crosslinking agents include organic polyvalent isocyanate compounds, organic polyvalent imine compounds, metal chelating crosslinking agents, and aziridine crosslinking agents.

[0097] An active energy ray-curable resin composition is a resin composition that has the property of crosslinking and curing when irradiated with active energy rays. The active energy ray-curable resin composition contains an active energy ray-curable compound as a curing component. The active energy ray-curable compound can be selected from those that are conventionally known, and active energy ray-curable monomers, prepolymers, resins, or mixtures thereof can be used. Among these, polyfunctional (meth)acrylic monomers, (meth)acrylate prepolymers, etc., are preferred from the viewpoint of easily adjusting the optical properties to a desired range.

[0098] In this specification, (meth)acrylic monomers refer to acrylic monomers and methacrylic monomers. The same applies to other similar terms.

[0099] Examples of polyfunctional (meth)acrylic monomers include 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, hydroxypivalate neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, dicyclopentanyl di(meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified dicyclopentenyl di(meth)acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified phosphate di(meth)acrylate, allylated cyclohexyl di(meth)acrylate, isocyanurate di(meth)acrylate, and trimethyl Examples of polyfunctional (meth)acrylates include rolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, propionic acid-modified dipentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, propylene oxide-modified trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, tris(acryloxyethyl) isocyanurate, propionic acid-modified dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, and caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate. These monomers can be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0100] Examples of (meth)acrylate-based prepolymers include polyester acrylate-based prepolymers, epoxy acrylate-based prepolymers, urethane acrylate-based prepolymers, and polyol acrylate-based prepolymers. These prepolymers can be used individually or in combination of two or more. They may also be used in combination with the polyfunctional (meth)acrylic monomers mentioned above.

[0101] Organic-inorganic hybrid resins can also be used as active energy ray-curable compounds. Preferred organic-inorganic hybrid resins include substances obtained by bonding organic compounds having polymerizable unsaturated groups to inorganic fine particles such as silica via a silane coupling agent or the like. This organic-inorganic hybrid resin is also preferably in the form of an organosol (colloidal) (e.g., silica sol), and it is also preferable to use it mixed with active energy ray-curable components such as the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomers mentioned above. By using organic-inorganic hybrid resins, the hardness of the infrared absorption layer can be improved.

[0102] The active energy ray curable resin composition may optionally contain a photopolymerization initiator. Examples of photopolymerization initiators include benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzoin-n-butyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether, acetophenone, dimethylaminoacetophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2,2-diethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone, 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholinopropan-1-one, and 4-(2-hydroxy Examples include ethoxy)phenyl-2(hydroxy-2-propyl)ketone, benzophenone, p-phenylbenzophenone, 4,4'-diethylaminobenzophenone, dichlorobenzophenone, 2-methylanthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-tert-butylanthraquinone, 2-aminoanthraquinone, 2-methylthioxanthone, 2-ethylthioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2,4-dimethylthioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, benzyldimethyl ketal, acetophenone dimethyl ketal, and p-dimethylamine benzoic acid ester. These may be used individually or in combination of two or more. The amount of photopolymerization initiator is preferably 0.2 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 16 parts by mass, and even more preferably 1 to 12 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the active energy ray curable compound.

[0103] The infrared absorber is not particularly limited as long as it has the property of effectively absorbing infrared light, especially light in the near-infrared region, and both inorganic and organic infrared absorbers can be used. From the viewpoint of durability, inorganic infrared absorbers are preferred.

[0104] The inorganic infrared absorber is not particularly limited, and various types can be appropriately selected and used. For example, tungsten oxide compounds such as cesium-containing tungsten oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), tin oxide, antimond-doped tin oxide (ATO), cesium oxide, zinc sulfide, and even LaB ６ CeB ６ , PrB ６ , NdB ６ GdB ６ , TbB ６ DyB ６ HoB ６ YB ６ SmB ６ , EuB ６ ErB ６ , TmB ６ YbB ６ LuB ６ SrB ６ CaB ６ (La, Ce) B ６ Examples include hexaborides, etc.

[0105] Examples of organic infrared absorbers include cyanine compounds, squalylium compounds, thiol nickel complex salt compounds, naphthalocyanine compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, triallylmethane compounds, naphthoquinone compounds, anthraquinone compounds, amino compounds such as perchlorates of N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(p-di-n-butylaminophenyl)-p-phenylenediaminium, chlorates of phenylenediaminium, hexafluoroantimonates of phenylenediaminium, borates of phenylenediaminium, fluorides of phenylenediaminium, and perchlorates of phenylenediaminium, as well as copper compounds and bisthiourea compounds, phosphorus compounds and copper compounds, and copper phosphate compounds obtained by the reaction of phosphate ester compounds and copper compounds.

[0106] When comparing organic and inorganic infrared absorbers, organic absorbers tend to have superior near-infrared absorption capabilities, while inorganic absorbers tend to have significantly better lightfastness and weather resistance.

[0107] The amount of infrared absorbent is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of obtaining excellent infrared absorption capacity, visibility, processability, and moldability, it is preferably 10 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less, more preferably 20 parts by mass or more and 90 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 30 parts by mass or more and 80 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of curable resin.

[0108] To improve the weather resistance of the infrared absorption layer, it is also preferable to add a metal salt. As the metal salt, an organic metal salt or an inorganic metal salt consisting of a metal element selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, nickel, manganese, cerium, zinc, copper, cobalt, zirconium, iron, tin, and aluminum can be used, and these may be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0109] The curable resin composition is applied to the surface of a substrate to form a coating film. Methods for applying the curable resin composition include bar coating, gravure coating, spray coating, and dip coating. Next, the obtained coating film of the curable resin composition is cured to form an infrared absorbing layer.

[0110] If the curable resin composition is a thermosetting resin composition, a cured film can be obtained by heating the coating film to a predetermined temperature. The heating temperature can be any temperature at which thermosetting occurs, but it is usually between 80°C and 200°C. The heating time is usually between 0.5 hours and 6 hours.

[0111] If the curable resin composition is an active energy ray curable resin composition, an infrared absorbing layer can be formed by irradiating the coating film of the active energy ray resin composition with active energy rays to cure it.

[0112] Examples of active energy rays include ultraviolet rays; electron beams; laser light such as semiconductor lasers, argon lasers, and He-Cd lasers; and ionizing radiation such as alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, neutron rays, X-rays, and accelerated electron beams. Among these, ultraviolet rays and electron beams are preferred, and ultraviolet rays are more preferred, because they can be generated using relatively simple equipment.

[0113] When using ultraviolet light as the active energy ray, ultraviolet sources such as ultra-high pressure mercury lamps, high pressure mercury lamps, low pressure mercury lamps, carbon arc lamps, black light lamps, and metal halide lamps can be used.

[0114] The intensity of ultraviolet light is 50 to 1,000 mJ / cm². ２ Preferably, it is 100 to 700 mJ / cm². ２ It is more preferable that the ultraviolet irradiance is typically 100 to 1000 mW / cm². ２ Preferably, the load is 200 to 700 mW / cm². ２ It is more preferable that this is the case. The irradiation time is usually from 1 second to 1 hour, and the irradiation temperature is usually 20 to 100°C.

[0115] Electron beam irradiation can be performed using an electron beam accelerator or the like. The electron beam irradiation dose is preferably 10 to 1000 krad.

[0116] Irradiation with active energy rays can be carried out in an air atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere.

[0117] The laminate (1B) may have one infrared absorbing layer, or it may have two or more infrared absorbing layers that are the same or different.

[0118] The absorption rate of infrared absorbing layers may vary depending on the wavelength of infrared radiation, due to differences in the materials and layer configuration used. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately select the type of infrared absorbing layer (materials used, layer configuration, etc.) to be used depending on the application. It is also preferable to appropriately combine two or more of these different types of infrared absorbing layers to absorb infrared radiation over a wide range of wavelengths. When combining multiple infrared absorbing layers, there are no particular restrictions on the arrangement order of these layers. Furthermore, multiple infrared reflective layers may be arranged adjacent to each other, or other layers (such as adhesive layers) may be interposed between them.

[0119] The thickness of the infrared absorption layer (or the thickness of each layer if multiple infrared absorption layers exist) is preferably 0.1 to 50 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 30 μm, even more preferably 1 to 20 μm, particularly preferably 2 to 12 μm, and most preferably 3 to 8 μm. This allows for excellent infrared reflectivity while also maintaining good visibility.

[0120] In this invention, a film that is generally available on the market as an infrared absorbing film can also be used as the infrared absorbing layer.

[0121] The infrared absorbing layer of the laminate (1B) preferably absorbs infrared rays across a wide wavelength range. The absorption rate of the infrared absorbing layer for infrared rays at a wavelength of 1000 nm is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 20% or more, even more preferably 30% or more, particularly preferably 40% or more, most preferably 60% or more, and especially preferably 80% or more, from the viewpoint of easily satisfying the heat shielding coefficient described later. The upper limit of this absorption rate is usually 100% or less.

[0122] The absorption rate of infrared rays at a wavelength of 1500 nm in the infrared absorption layer is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 25% or more, even more preferably 40% or more, particularly preferably 55% or more, most preferably 70% or more, and especially preferably 85% or more, from the viewpoint of easily satisfying the heat shielding coefficient described later. The upper limit of this absorption rate is usually 100% or less.

[0123] The absorption rate of infrared rays at a wavelength of 2000 nm in the infrared absorption layer is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 25% or more, even more preferably 40% or more, particularly preferably 55% or more, most preferably 70% or more, and especially preferably 85% or more, from the viewpoint of easily satisfying the heat shielding coefficient described later. The upper limit of this absorption rate is usually 100% or less.

[0124] The infrared absorption rate of the infrared absorption layer at a wavelength of 1000 nm, the infrared absorption rate of the infrared absorption layer at a wavelength of 1500 nm, and the infrared absorption rate of the infrared absorption layer at a wavelength of 2000 nm should preferably be 10% or more, more preferably 25% or more, even more preferably 40% or more, particularly preferably 60% or more, and most preferably 80% or more. This allows for absorption of infrared radiation across a wide wavelength range, making it easier to satisfy the heat shielding coefficient described later. The infrared absorption rate can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0125] The total light transmittance of the infrared absorption layer is preferably 3% or more, more preferably 10% or more, even more preferably 30% or more, particularly preferably 50% or more, most preferably 70% or more, and especially preferably 80% or more. The total light transmittance is usually 100% or less. This ensures excellent visibility of the outdoor display when the laminate is placed on the front panel of an outdoor display, etc. The total light transmittance can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0126] The haze value of the infrared absorption layer is preferably 0 to 40%, more preferably 0.01 to 25%, even more preferably 0.1 to 10%, particularly preferably 0.3 to 5%, and most preferably 0.5 to 2%. This allows the laminate to exhibit excellent anti-glare properties when used on the front panel of an outdoor display, for example. The haze value can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0127] The 60° gloss of the infrared absorption layer is preferably 30 to 1000%, more preferably 35 to 750%, even more preferably 40 to 500%, particularly preferably 45 to 250%, and most preferably 48 to 150. This provides the desired surface gloss and is particularly suitable for use on the front panel of an outdoor display. The 60° gloss can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0128] [Layer structure of laminate (1B)] Laminate (1B) only needs to have at least the infrared absorbing layer described above, but it is also preferable to include other layers described later. Preferred other layers include a protective layer, adhesive layer, coating layer, anti-glare layer, anti-reflective layer, anti-glare anti-reflective layer, infrared reflective layer, heat insulating layer, etc. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of SDGs, materials with a high biomass content may be used as materials constituting the other layers, materials that can be recycled or reused may be used, or recycled or reused materials may be used.

[0129] (Protective layer) In the laminate (1B), it is also preferable to further include a protective layer in addition to the infrared absorbing layer. The protective layer is provided on the infrared absorbing layer as needed when it is necessary to protect the infrared absorbing layer from moisture, etc. Examples of protective layers include those similar to the protective layer that may be included in the laminate (1A) described above.

[0130] The thickness of the protective layer is preferably 1 to 100 nm, and more preferably 2 to 50 nm. This allows the infrared absorbing layer to be protected from moisture and other elements while suppressing the overall thickness of the laminate.

[0131] (Adhesive layer) In the laminate (1B), it is also preferable to further include an adhesive layer in addition to the infrared absorption layer. The adhesive layer may be preferably used to attach the laminate according to the present invention to the surface of outdoor electronic equipment to which ambient light is incident, and is provided as needed. The adhesive layer is also preferably used when laminating an anti-glare anti-reflective film or the like on the infrared absorption layer.

[0132] Examples of adhesives constituting the adhesive layer include those similar to those found in the adhesive layer of the laminate (1A) described above.

[0133] If the laminate (1B) includes an adhesive layer, it is also preferable that a release sheet be further laminated on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the substrate, similar to the case where the laminate (1A) includes an adhesive layer.

[0134] (Coating layer) In the laminate (1B), it is also preferable to further include a coating layer in addition to the infrared absorption layer. Examples of coating layers include those similar to the coating layer that may be included in the laminate (1A) described above.

[0135] (Anti-glare layer) In the laminate (1B), it is also preferable to further include an anti-glare layer in addition to the infrared absorption layer. Examples of the anti-glare layer include the same type of anti-glare layer that may be present in the laminate (1A) described above.

[0136] (Anti-reflective layer) In the laminate (1B), it is also preferable to further include an anti-reflective layer in addition to the infrared absorption layer. Examples of anti-reflective layers include those similar to the anti-reflective layer that may be present in the laminate (1A) described above.

[0137] (Anti-glare anti-reflective layer) In the laminate (1B), it is also preferable to further include an anti-glare anti-reflective layer in addition to the infrared absorbing layer. Examples of the anti-glare anti-reflective layer include the same anti-glare anti-reflective layer that may be included in the laminate (1A) described above.

[0138] (Infrared Reflecting Layer) In the laminate (1B) of the present invention, it is also preferable to further include an infrared reflecting layer in addition to the infrared absorbing layer. The infrared reflecting layer of the laminate (1B) of the present invention is a layer that reflects infrared rays having wavelengths in the region of 780 nm to 2500 nm. By further including an infrared reflecting layer in addition to the infrared absorbing layer, it is possible to more effectively suppress the transmission of infrared rays over a wider range and to obtain a laminate in which heat propagation is further suppressed. As the infrared reflecting layer, the same as the infrared reflecting layer of the laminate (1A) described above can be obtained.

[0139] The thickness of the infrared reflective layer is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 nm to 10 μm, preferably 5 nm to 2 μm, and more preferably 10 nm to 1 μm. This allows for more effective suppression of temperature rise inside outdoor electronic equipment. When using a configuration in which the infrared reflective layer is provided on a substrate, the total thickness of the substrate and the infrared reflective layer is usually 1 to 300 μm, preferably 5 to 275 μm, more preferably 10 to 250 μm, even more preferably 15 to 225 μm, and particularly preferably 20 to 200 μm. This helps to suppress temperature rise.

[0140] (Thermal insulation layer) In the laminate (1B), it is also preferable to further include a thermal insulation layer in addition to the infrared absorption layer. By further including a thermal insulation layer in addition to the infrared absorption layer, the transmission of infrared rays over a wider range can be suppressed more effectively, resulting in a laminate in which heat propagation is further suppressed.

[0141] Examples of insulating layers include those similar to the insulating layer found in the laminate (1C) described later.

[0142] The following are possible, but are not limited to, the layer configurations of the laminate (1B): Infrared absorbing layer / base layer / adhesive layer Coating layer / adhesive layer / Infrared absorbing layer / base layer / adhesive layer Anti-glare layer / adhesive layer / Infrared absorbing layer / base layer / adhesive layer Anti-reflective layer / adhesive layer / Infrared absorbing layer / base layer / adhesive layer Anti-glare anti-reflective layer / adhesive layer / Infrared absorbing layer / base layer / adhesive layer Anti-glare anti-reflective layer / adhesive layer / Infrared absorbing layer / base layer / adhesive layer / Infrared reflective layer / base layer / adhesive layer

[0143] The laminate (1B) of the present invention has excellent heat shielding effect. The heat shielding coefficient of the laminate (1B) of the present invention is preferably 0.9 or less, more preferably 0.85 or less, even more preferably 0.80 or less, particularly preferably 0.75 or less, and most preferably 0.70 or less. Laminates with a small heat shielding coefficient have excellent heat insulation effect and can effectively suppress the temperature rise inside outdoor electronic equipment. In particular, in outdoor electronic equipment equipped with mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs, a lot of heat is generated by the mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs themselves, and if the temperature rise due to infrared rays such as sunlight is further added, it will accelerate the shortening of the lifespan of the electronic equipment. By appropriately applying the laminate (1B) of the present invention that satisfies the above heat shielding coefficient, the temperature rise due to sunlight is suppressed, the durability of the electronic equipment is improved, and it contributes to a longer lifespan. The heat shielding coefficient is the coefficient obtained by formula (1) above. The heat shielding coefficient can be measured and determined by the method described in the examples.

[0144] When visibility is required in outdoor electronic equipment, the laminate (1B) is preferably made of a material with excellent transparency. The total light transmittance of the laminate (1B) is preferably 3% or more, more preferably 20% or more, even more preferably 40% or more, particularly preferably 60% or more, most preferably 70% or more, and especially preferably 80% or more. This ensures that when the laminate (1B) is used on the front panel of an outdoor display, the visibility of the display is not reduced. The total light transmittance of the laminate (1B) can be measured by the method described in the examples. The upper limit of the total light transmittance is usually preferably 100%, but since it includes the infrared reflective layer and other layers, it may be 99% or 98% or less.

[0145] The haze value of the laminate (1B) is preferably 0 to 99%, more preferably 0.01 to 80%, even more preferably 0.1 to 60%, particularly preferably 0.5 to 40%, and most preferably 5 to 30% or less, with a particularly favorable value of 8 to 20%. As a result, the laminate (1B) has excellent anti-glare properties and is suitable for use on the front panel of an outdoor display. In particular, it enables the realization of high-definition images with good visibility even under sunlight in displays using mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs. The haze value can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0146] The 60° gloss of the laminate (1B) is preferably 20 to 1000%, more preferably 25 to 500%, even more preferably 30 to 200%, particularly preferably 35 to 100%, most preferably 40 to 80%, and especially preferably 42 to 60%. This gives the laminate (1B) the desired surface gloss, making it particularly suitable for use as a front panel for outdoor displays. The 60° gloss can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0147] As described above, the laminate (1B) of the present invention can suppress the temperature rise inside outdoor electronic devices such as outdoor displays, even when exposed to ambient light including infrared rays. In particular, in outdoor electronic devices equipped with mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs, heat is also generated by the mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs themselves. Therefore, by applying the laminate of the present invention to outdoor electronic devices, it is possible to prevent a decrease in visibility or malfunction due to the temperature rise inside outdoor electronic devices such as outdoor displays.

[0148] (3) Laminate (1C) The laminate (1C) of the present invention is a laminate used in an environment in which light including infrared light with a wavelength of 780 nm to 2500 nm is irradiated, and the laminate is provided with an infrared shielding layer on the surface of the laminate to which the light is incident, and has a heat insulating layer on the side of the infrared shielding layer opposite to the surface to which the ambient light is incident.

[0149] (Infrared Shielding Layer) The laminate (1C) has an infrared shielding layer. The infrared shielding layer is a layer that has the function of shielding the transmission of infrared rays. Examples of infrared shielding layers include infrared reflective layers and infrared absorbing layers.

[0150] The laminate (1C) may have one or more infrared reflective layers, one or more infrared absorbing layers, or one or more infrared reflective layers and one or more infrared absorbing layers. From the perspective of SDGs, materials with a high biomass content may be used as the material for the infrared shielding layer, materials that can be recycled or reused may be used, or recycled or reused materials may be used.

[0151] The infrared reflective layer is similar to the infrared reflective layer of the laminate (1A) described above. The infrared absorbing layer is similar to the infrared absorbing layer of the laminate (1B) described above.

[0152] The shielding rate of an infrared shielding layer may vary depending on the wavelength of infrared radiation, due to differences in the materials used and layer configuration. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately select the type of infrared shielding layer (materials used, layer configuration, etc.) to be used depending on the application. It is also preferable to appropriately combine two or more different types of infrared shielding layers to shield infrared radiation over a wide range of wavelengths. When combining multiple infrared shielding layers, there are no particular restrictions on the arrangement order of these layers. Furthermore, multiple infrared shielding layers may be arranged adjacent to each other, or other layers (such as adhesive layers) may be interposed between them.

[0153] The thickness of the infrared shielding layer (or the thickness of each layer if multiple infrared shielding layers exist) is preferably 0.1 to 50 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 30 μm, even more preferably 1 to 20 μm, particularly preferably 2 to 12 μm, and most preferably 3 to 8 μm. This allows for excellent infrared shielding performance while also maintaining visibility.

[0154] In this invention, films that are commonly sold as infrared reflective films or infrared absorbing films can also be used as infrared shielding layers.

[0155] The infrared shielding layer of the laminate (1C) preferably shields infrared rays across a wide wavelength range. The shielding rate of the infrared shielding layer for infrared rays at a wavelength of 1000 nm is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 20% or more, even more preferably 30% or more, particularly preferably 40% or more, most preferably 60% or more, and especially preferably 80% or more, from the viewpoint of easily satisfying the heat shielding coefficient described later. The upper limit of this shielding rate is usually 100% or less.

[0156] The infrared shielding rate of the infrared shielding layer at a wavelength of 1500 nm is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 25% or more, even more preferably 40% or more, particularly preferably 55% or more, most preferably 70% or more, and especially preferably 85% or more, from the viewpoint of easily satisfying the heat shielding coefficient described later. The upper limit of the absorption rate is usually 100% or less.

[0157] The infrared shielding rate of the infrared shielding layer at a wavelength of 2000 nm is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 25% or more, even more preferably 40% or more, particularly preferably 55% or more, most preferably 70% or more, and especially preferably 85% or more, from the viewpoint of easily satisfying the heat shielding coefficient described later. The upper limit of this shielding rate is usually 100% or less.

[0158] The infrared shielding rate of the infrared shielding layer at a wavelength of 1000 nm, the infrared shielding rate of the infrared shielding layer at a wavelength of 1500 nm, and the infrared shielding rate of the infrared shielding layer at a wavelength of 2000 nm should preferably be 10% or more, more preferably 25% or more, even more preferably 40% or more, particularly preferably 60% or more, and most preferably 80% or more. This will shield infrared rays across a wide wavelength range and make it easier to satisfy the heat shielding coefficient described later. The infrared shielding rate can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0159] The total light transmittance of the infrared shielding layer is preferably 3% or more, more preferably 10% or more, even more preferably 30% or more, particularly preferably 50% or more, most preferably 70% or more, and especially preferably 80% or more. The total light transmittance is usually 100% or less. This ensures excellent visibility of the outdoor display when the laminate (1C) is placed on the front panel of an outdoor display, etc. The total light transmittance can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0160] The haze value of the infrared shielding layer is preferably 0 to 40%, more preferably 0.01 to 25%, even more preferably 0.1 to 10%, particularly preferably 0.3 to 5%, and most preferably 0.5 to 2%. This allows the laminate (1C) to exhibit excellent anti-glare properties when used on the front panel of an outdoor display, for example. The haze value can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0161] The 60° gloss of the infrared shielding layer is preferably 30 to 1000%, more preferably 35 to 750%, even more preferably 40 to 500%, particularly preferably 45 to 250%, and most preferably 48 to 150. This provides the desired surface gloss and is particularly suitable for use on the front panel of an outdoor display. The 60° gloss can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0162] (Thermal insulation layer) The laminate (1C) has an infrared shielding layer on the side into which ambient light is incident, and a thermal insulation layer on the side of the infrared shielding layer opposite to the side into which ambient light is incident. By having a thermal insulation layer, it is possible to prevent the heat accumulated in the infrared shielding layer from diffusing into the interior of the outdoor electronic equipment by thermal conduction, thereby more effectively suppressing the temperature rise inside the outdoor electronic equipment.

[0163] Examples of thermal insulation layers in the laminate (1C) include layers with sealed spaces containing air bubbles and resin layers containing hollow particles.

[0164] In a layer having a sealed space containing air bubbles, an air bubble refers to a space in the resin consisting of gas with a bubble length of 10 nm or more. The type of gas may be air, or other gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide. There are no particular restrictions on the shape of the air bubbles, and various shapes such as spherical, cylindrical, elliptical, rectangular parallelepiped (cubic), and prismatic shapes can be used.

[0165] One method for forming a sealed space containing air bubbles is to apply a sealing material to the periphery of a glass plate and then place another glass plate on top of it to form a sealed space (air layer), but this method is not limited to this. The thickness of the air layer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of obtaining excellent heat insulation effect and preventing the laminate from becoming too thick, 1 mm to 20 mm is preferred, 3 mm to 16 mm is more preferred, and 5 mm to 12 mm is particularly preferred.

[0166] In the resin layer containing the latter type of hollow particles, the hollow particles can be at least one of inorganic hollow particles, organic hollow particles, and organic-inorganic composite hollow particles. Examples of inorganic hollow particles include silica hollow particles and alumina hollow particles. Examples of organic hollow particles include acrylic hollow particles, acrylonitrile hollow particles, and polystyrene hollow particles. Examples of organic-inorganic composite hollow particles include organic silica composite particles. Among these, inorganic hollow particles are preferable from the viewpoint of excellent durability and weather resistance. The average particle diameter of the hollow particles is preferably 500 nm or less from the viewpoint of ensuring transparency. Here, the average particle diameter is a measurement value obtained by transmission electron microscope image observation and represents the average value of the diameter of dispersed particles dispersed in the insulating layer.

[0167] [Layer structure of the laminate (1C)] The laminate (1C) of the present invention may have at least the infrared shielding layer and the heat insulating layer described above, but it is also preferable to include other layers. Examples of other layers include a protective layer, an adhesive layer, a coating layer, an anti-glare layer, an anti-reflective layer, an anti-glare anti-reflective layer, etc. From the viewpoint of SDGs, materials with a high biomass content may be used as materials constituting the other layers, materials that can be recycled or reused may be used, or recycled or reused materials may be used.

[0168] (Protective layer) In the laminate (1C), it is also preferable to further provide a protective layer in addition to the infrared shielding layer and the heat insulating layer. The protective layer is preferably provided on the infrared reflective layer when it is necessary to protect the infrared reflective layer from moisture, etc., in addition to the heat insulating layer. Examples of protective layers include those similar to the protective layer that may be provided in the laminate (1A) described above.

[0169] The thickness of the protective layer is preferably 1 to 100 nm, and more preferably 2 to 50 nm. This allows the infrared reflective layer to be protected from moisture and other elements while suppressing the overall thickness of the laminate.

[0170] (Adhesive layer) In the laminate (1C), it is also preferable to further include an adhesive layer in addition to the infrared shielding layer and the heat insulating layer. The adhesive layer may be preferably used to adhere the laminate (1C) to the surface of outdoor electronic equipment to which ambient light is incident, and is provided as needed. The adhesive layer is also preferably used when laminating an anti-glare anti-reflective film or the like on the infrared shielding layer.

[0171] Examples of adhesives constituting the adhesive layer include those similar to those found in the adhesive layer of the laminate (1A) described above.

[0172] If the laminate (1C) includes an adhesive layer, it is also preferable that a release sheet be further laminated on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the substrate, similar to the case where the laminate (1A) includes an adhesive layer.

[0173] (Coating layer) In the laminate (1C), it is also preferable to further include a coating layer in addition to the infrared shielding layer and the heat insulating layer. Examples of coating layers include those similar to the coating layer that may be included in the laminate (1A) described above.

[0174] (Anti-glare layer) In the laminate (1C), it is also preferable to further include an anti-glare layer in addition to the infrared shielding layer and the heat insulating layer. Examples of the anti-glare layer include the same type of anti-glare layer that may be present in the laminate (1A) described above.

[0175] (Anti-reflective layer) In the laminate (1C), it is also preferable to further include an anti-reflective layer in addition to the infrared shielding layer and the heat insulating layer. Examples of anti-reflective layers include those similar to the anti-reflective layer that may be included in the laminate (1A) described above.

[0176] (Anti-glare anti-reflective layer) In the laminate (1C), it is also preferable to further include an anti-glare anti-reflective layer in addition to the infrared shielding layer and the heat insulating layer. Examples of the anti-glare anti-reflective layer include the same anti-glare anti-reflective layer that may be included in the laminate (1A) described above.

[0177] The following are possible, but are not limited to, the layer configurations of the laminate (1C): Infrared shielding layer / base layer / adhesive layer / heat insulating layer / adhesive layer Coating layer / adhesive layer / Infrared shielding layer / base layer / adhesive layer / heat insulating layer / adhesive layer Anti-glare layer / adhesive layer / Infrared reflective layer / base layer / adhesive layer Anti-reflective layer / adhesive layer / Infrared shielding layer / base layer / adhesive layer / heat insulating layer / adhesive layer Anti-glare anti-reflective layer / adhesive layer / Infrared shielding layer / base layer / adhesive layer / heat insulating layer / adhesive layer

[0178] The laminate (1C) of the present invention has an excellent shielding effect. The heat shielding coefficient of the laminate (1C) is preferably 0.9 or less, more preferably 0.87 or less, even more preferably 0.85 or less, particularly preferably 0.80 or less, and most preferably 0.75 or less, and especially more preferably 0.70 or less. Laminates (1C) with a small heat shielding coefficient have excellent thermal insulation effects and can effectively suppress the temperature rise inside outdoor electronic devices. In particular, in outdoor electronic devices equipped with mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs, a lot of heat is generated by the mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs themselves, and if the temperature rise due to infrared rays such as sunlight is further added, it will accelerate the shortening of the lifespan of the electronic device. By appropriately applying the laminate (1C) of the present invention that satisfies the above heat shielding coefficient, the temperature rise due to sunlight is suppressed, the durability of the electronic device is improved, and it contributes to a longer lifespan. The heat shielding coefficient is the coefficient obtained by formula (1) above. The heat shielding coefficient can be measured and determined by the method described in the examples.

[0179] The laminate (1C) is preferably highly transparent when visibility is required in outdoor electronic equipment. The total light transmittance of the laminate of the present invention is preferably 3% or more, more preferably 20% or more, even more preferably 40% or more, particularly preferably 60% or more, most preferably 70% or more, and especially preferably 80% or more. As a result, when the laminate (1C) is used on the front panel of an outdoor display, the visibility of the display does not decrease. The total light transmittance can be measured by the method described in the examples. The upper limit of the total light transmittance is usually preferably 100%, but since it includes other layers, it may be 99% or 98% or less.

[0180] The haze value of the laminate (1C) is preferably 0 to 99%, more preferably 0.01 to 80%, even more preferably 0.1 to 60%, particularly preferably 0.5 to 40%, and most preferably 5 to 30% or less, with a particularly favorable value of 8 to 20%. As a result, the laminate (1C) has excellent anti-glare properties and is suitable for use on the front panel of an outdoor display. In particular, it enables the realization of high-definition images with good visibility even under sunlight in displays using mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs. The haze value can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0181] The 60° gloss of the laminate (1C) is preferably 20 to 1000%, more preferably 25 to 500%, even more preferably 30 to 200%, and particularly preferably 35 to 100%. As a result, the laminate (1C) has excellent surface gloss and is particularly suitable for use on the front panel of an outdoor display. The 60° gloss can be measured by the method described in the examples.

[0182] As described above, the laminate (1C) of the present invention can suppress the temperature rise inside outdoor electronic devices such as outdoor displays, even when exposed to ambient light including infrared rays. In particular, in outdoor electronic devices equipped with mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs, heat is also generated by the mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs themselves. Therefore, by applying the laminate of the present invention to outdoor electronic devices, it is possible to prevent a decrease in visibility or malfunction due to the temperature rise inside outdoor electronic devices such as outdoor displays.

[0183] 2) Outdoor Electronic Device The second aspect of the present invention is an outdoor electronic device used in an environment where light including infrared light with a wavelength of 780 nm to 2500 nm is irradiated, wherein any of the laminates (1A) to (1C) of the present invention are arranged on the surface of the outdoor electronic device to which the ambient light is incident. The outdoor electronic device of the present invention may comprise one type of laminate, or it may comprise a plurality of identical or different laminates.

[0184] The outdoor electronic device of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is used in an environment where light including infrared rays, such as sunlight, is irradiated, such as outdoors. The outdoor electronic device of the present invention is preferably a display module (for example, a liquid crystal (LCD) module, a light-emitting diode (LED) module, an organic electroluminescent (organic EL) module, etc.), an optical element as part of a display module, or a laminate including a display module. Examples include touch panel displays, displays for personal computers and televisions, displays mounted on mobile electronic devices such as tablets and smartphones, displays for home appliances, outdoor displays such as digital signage (for outdoor installation, for open spaces, for advertising, for billboards, for signs, etc.), in-vehicle displays, displays installed inside outdoor telephone booths, and displays for home appliances that are used indoors but are irradiated with light including infrared rays.

[0185] The outdoor electronic device of the present invention preferably has a backlight equipped with multiple light-emitting elements on a substrate. The substrate is not particularly limited, and one commonly used for backlights can be used, and is usually a printed circuit board (PCB). The substrate may be integrally formed so that multiple light-emitting elements are mounted together, or each light-emitting element may be formed separately so that one light-emitting element is mounted on each substrate. When formed separately, each substrate is usually fixed to a frame, support, housing, etc. In the present invention, it is preferable that the substrate is integrally formed so that multiple light-emitting elements are mounted together. A reflective layer may be formed on the adhesive layer side of the substrate, or a reflective member may be provided. This can effectively improve the brightness provided by the backlight. Known materials can be used for the reflective layer and reflective member.

[0186] Examples of light-emitting elements include light-emitting diodes (LEDs), laser diodes (LDs), organic electroluminescent light-emitting elements, and inorganic electroluminescent light-emitting elements. Among these, LEDs are preferred from the viewpoint of achieving excellent brightness even outdoors, and mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs are particularly preferred.

[0187] The thickness of the light-emitting element is preferably 1 to 300 μm, more preferably 5 to 150 μm, and even more preferably 10 to 100 μm. The width of the gap between adjacent light-emitting elements is preferably 0.001 to 100 mm, more preferably 0.005 to 10 mm, and even more preferably 0.01 to 1 mm.

[0188] The shape of the light-emitting body is not particularly limited, but is usually rectangular, hemispherical, etc. The size of the light-emitting body 32 is also not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of light-emitting body sealing performance, the side or diameter in plan view is preferably 0.01 to 100 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 to 5 mm, and even more preferably 0.5 to 2 mm.

[0189] Outdoor electronic devices equipped with the above-mentioned mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs offer improved brightness and are suitable for outdoor displays. However, since mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs themselves tend to generate more heat than conventional light-emitting materials, applying the laminate of the present invention to outdoor electronic devices effectively suppresses the rise in internal temperature of the equipment.

[0190] A method for placing the laminate of the present invention on an outdoor electronic device is to attach the laminate of the present invention to the part of the outdoor electronic device that is exposed to ambient light. For example, as shown in Figure 1, if the outdoor electronic device is an outdoor display 7, the release film (not shown) covering the adhesive layer 4a located at the outermost end of the laminate 10A of the present invention can be peeled off, and the exposed adhesive layer can be attached to the surface of the outdoor display that is exposed to ambient light (front panel or back panel, etc.). In Figure 1, 1 represents the base layer, 2a represents the infrared shielding layer, and 4a represents the adhesive layer. Figure 1 shows an example of attaching the laminate 10A to the surface of the outdoor display that is exposed to ambient light, but the type of laminate is not particularly limited. Furthermore, two or more types of laminates can be attached.

[0191] In this specification, when "X to Y" (where X and Y are any numbers) is written, unless otherwise specified, it includes the meaning of "greater than or equal to X and less than or equal to Y," as well as "preferably greater than X" or "preferably less than Y." Similarly, when "greater than or equal to X" (where X is any number) is written, unless otherwise specified, it includes the meaning of "preferably greater than X," and when "less than or equal to Y" (where Y is any number) is written, unless otherwise specified, it includes the meaning of "preferably less than Y." Furthermore, in this specification, the lower and upper limits of preferred numerical ranges (for example, ranges of content, etc.) described in steps can be combined independently. For example, from the description "preferably 10 to 90, more preferably 30 to 60," the "preferred lower limit (10)" and the "more preferred upper limit (60)" can be combined to get "10 to 60."

[0192] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples, and can be freely modified without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[0193] (Materials Used) The following materials were prepared: (A-1) Anti-glare anti-reflective film (laminated film having an anti-glare anti-reflective layer / substrate layer structure, product name: OPTERIA H239LR, thickness: 85 μm, manufactured by Lintec Corporation) (B) Infrared reflective film The following (B1-1) to (B1-3) were used as infrared reflective films. (B1-1) Half-mirror film exhibiting the physical properties shown in Table 1 A PET film surface with three layers of nichrome-silver-nichrome metal thin film formed as an infrared reflective layer by sputtering. Thickness: 23 μm. (B1-2) Half-mirror film exhibiting the physical properties shown in Table 1 A PET film surface with a silver-based metal thin film formed as an infrared reflective layer by sputtering. PET film thickness: 25 μm. (B1-3) Half-mirror film exhibiting the physical properties shown in Table 1. A microstructured laminated film having a multilayer structure with at least two nanoscale thin-film resin layers as infrared reflective layers on the surface of a PET film. Thickness: 52 μm. (C-1) Adhesive film. An optically transparent adhesive film (a laminated film having a layer structure of release film / adhesive layer / release film, product name: OPTERIA MO-3015, adhesive layer thickness: 25 μm, manufactured by Lintec Corporation) was used as the adhesive film for forming the adhesive layers 1 and 2 shown in Table 3.

[0194] (Measurement Method) The thickness (μm), haze value (%), total light transmittance (%), 60° gloss (%), and infrared reflectance (%) of the half-mirror films (B1-1) to (B1-3) used as infrared reflective films were measured in the same manner as the measurement method for laminates described later. The measurement results are summarized in Table 1 below.

[0195]

[0196] (Example 1) The side of the substrate of the anti-glare anti-reflective film (A-1) opposite to the anti-glare anti-reflective layer and the side of the half-mirror film (B1-1) facing the metal thin film (sputtered side) were bonded together via the adhesive layer of the adhesive film (C-1) to obtain a laminate of anti-glare anti-reflective film (A-1) / adhesive layer 1 / half-mirror film (B1-1). Next, the adhesive layer of the adhesive film (C-1) was bonded to the side of the half-mirror film (B1-1) of the laminate opposite to the metal thin film in the PET film. This obtained a laminate 10B having a layer structure of anti-glare anti-reflective film (A-1) / adhesive layer 1 / infrared reflective layer [half-mirror film (B1-1)] / adhesive layer 2.

[0197] Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the layer structure of the laminate 10B. In Figure 2, 1b represents the resin film, 2b represents the infrared reflective layer (infrared reflective film), 3a represents the anti-glare anti-reflective film (the base layer is not shown), 4a represents the adhesive layer 1, and 4b represents the adhesive layer 2. A release film (not shown) is laminated on the surface of the adhesive layer 4b (the same applies to Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Example 1).

[0198] (Examples 2 and 3) Laminates 10B of Examples 2 and 3 having the layer configuration shown in Table 2 below were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0199] (Comparative Example 1) The adhesive layer of adhesive film (C-1) was laminated to the side of the substrate of anti-glare anti-reflective film (A-1) opposite to the anti-glare anti-reflective layer. This resulted in a laminate of Comparative Example 1 having a layer structure of anti-glare anti-reflective film (A-1) / adhesive layer 1. A release film (not shown) was laminated on the surface of the adhesive layer 1.

[0200]

[0201] (Preparation of test samples) (1) Test sample 1 The release film was peeled off the adhesive layer 2 obtained in Examples 1 to 3 above, and the exposed adhesive layer 2 was bonded to a 3 mm thick float glass (15 cm x 7 cm) to prepare test sample 1. (2) Test sample 2 The release film was peeled off the adhesive layer 2 obtained in Examples 1 to 3 above, and the exposed adhesive layer 2 was bonded to a black acrylic plate (product name: Acrylite L502, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) to prepare test sample 2. In addition, test samples 1 and 2 of Comparative Example 1 were prepared for the laminate of Comparative Example 1 in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3.

[0202] (Measurement of physical properties of the laminate) Using test samples 1 and 2 of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 obtained above, the haze value, total light transmittance, 60° gloss, and heat shielding coefficient were measured.

[0203] (1) Using a haze meter (product name: SH-7000, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.), the total light transmittance (%) of test sample 1 obtained above was measured in accordance with JIS K 7361-1. (2) Using a haze meter (product name: SH-7000, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.), the haze value (%) of test sample 1 obtained above was measured in accordance with JIS K 7136. (3) Using a 60° gloss gloss meter (product name: VG-7000, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.), the 60° gloss of test sample 2 obtained above was measured in accordance with JIS Z8741. (4) Measurement of infrared reflectance Using a spectrophotometer (product name: UV-3600, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the reflectance (%) of infrared rays (wavelength 1000 nm), infrared rays (wavelength 1500 nm), and infrared rays (wavelength 2000 nm) of test sample 1 obtained above were measured. (5) Heat shielding coefficient and classification Using a spectrophotometer (product name: UV-3600, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the solar transmittance and solar reflectance of test sample 1 obtained above were measured, and the heat inflow was calculated and classified according to the method in accordance with JIS A5759:2016, and the heat shielding coefficient was calculated from the following formula (1). The measurement and calculation results are summarized in Table 3 below.

[0204]

[0205]

[0206] Table 3 shows that the laminates of Examples 1 to 3, which satisfy the requirements of Claim 1, exhibited excellent heat shielding effects. Therefore, by placing the laminates of Examples 1 to 3 on the surface of outdoor electronic devices, particularly outdoor displays, that are exposed to ambient light, the thermal effects on the interior of outdoor electronic devices can be suppressed. In particular, the laminates of the present invention can be suitably applied to outdoor electronic devices equipped with mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs.

[0207] (Materials Used) The following materials were prepared: (A-1) Anti-glare anti-reflective film Anti-glare anti-reflective film (laminated film having an anti-glare anti-reflective layer / substrate layer structure, product name: OPTERIA H239LR, thickness: 85 μm, manufactured by Lintec Corporation) (D) Infrared absorbing film The following (D-1) and (D-2) were used as infrared absorbing films. (D-1) Infrared absorbing film exhibiting the physical properties shown in Table 4 A laminated film (thickness: 27 μm) in which an infrared absorbing layer containing indium tin oxide (ITO), an infrared absorbent, is formed on the surface of a PET film. (D-2) Infrared absorbing film exhibiting the physical properties shown in Table 4 A laminated film (thickness: 27 μm) in which an infrared absorbing layer containing CWO (conductive fine particles obtained by adding cesium to tungsten oxide), an infrared absorbent, is formed on the surface of a PET film. (C-1) For forming the adhesive layers 1 and 2 shown in Table 5 of the adhesive film, an optically transparent adhesive film for direct bonding (a laminated film having a layer structure of release film / adhesive layer / release film, product name: MO3015, adhesive layer thickness: 25 μm, manufactured by Lintec Corporation) was used.

[0208] (Measurement Method) The infrared absorption rates (%) of the above infrared absorbing films (D-1) and (D-2) at thicknesses (μm) and wavelengths of 1000 nm, 1500 nm, and 2000 nm were measured in the same manner as the measurement method for the laminate described later. The measurement results are summarized in Table 4 below.

[0209]

[0210] (Example 4) The substrate side of the anti-glare anti-reflective film (A-1) and the infrared absorbing layer side of the infrared absorbing film (D-1) having the physical properties shown in Table 4 above were bonded together via the adhesive layer of the adhesive film (C-1) to obtain a laminate of anti-glare anti-reflective layer / adhesive layer 1 / infrared absorbing layer [infrared absorbing film (D-1)]. Next, the adhesive layer of the adhesive film (C-1) was bonded to the infrared absorbing film (D-1) of the laminate. This obtained the laminate 10C of Example 4 having a layer structure of anti-glare anti-reflective layer / adhesive layer 1 / infrared absorbing layer [infrared absorbing film (D-1)] / adhesive layer 2.

[0211] Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the layer structure of the laminate 10C. In Figure 3, 1c represents the resin film, 2c represents the infrared absorption layer (infrared absorption film), 3a represents the anti-glare anti-reflective film (the base layer is not shown), 4a represents the adhesive layer 1, and 4b represents the adhesive layer 2. A release film (not shown) is laminated on the surface of the adhesive layer 4b (the same applies to Example 5 and Comparative Example 2).

[0212] (Example 5) A laminate 10C of Example 5 having the layer configuration shown in Table 5 below was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4.

[0213] (Comparative Example 2) An adhesive film (C-1) was laminated to the surface of the substrate of the anti-glare anti-reflective film (A-1) opposite to the anti-glare anti-reflective layer. This resulted in a laminate of Comparative Example 2 having a layer structure of anti-glare anti-reflective film (A-1) / adhesive layer 1. A release film was laminated to the surface of the adhesive layer 1.

[0214]

[0215] (Preparation of test samples) (1) Test sample 1 Test sample 1 was prepared by peeling off the release film from the adhesive layer 2 of the laminates of Examples 4 and 5 obtained above, and bonding the exposed adhesive layer to a 3 mm thick float glass (15 cm x 7 cm). For Comparative Example 2, test sample 1 was prepared in the same manner as in Examples 4 and 5, except that the release film from the adhesive layer 1 was peeled off. (2) Test sample 2 Test sample 2 was prepared by peeling off the release film from the adhesive layer 2 of the laminates of Examples 4 and 5 obtained above, and bonding the exposed adhesive layer to a black acrylic plate (product name: Acrylite L502, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation). For Comparative Example 2, test sample 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Examples 4 and 5, except that the release film from the adhesive layer 1 of the laminate of Comparative Example 2 was peeled off.

[0216] (Measurement of physical properties of the laminate) Using test samples 1 and 2 of Examples 4 and 5 and Comparative Example 2 obtained above, the total light transmittance, haze value, 60° gloss, and heat shielding coefficient were measured and calculated. The measurement results are shown in Table 6 below.

[0217] (1) Measurement of total light transmittance: Using a haze meter (product name: SH-7000, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.), the total light transmittance (%) of test sample 1 obtained above was measured in accordance with JIS K 7361-1.

[0218] (2) Measurement of haze value Using a haze meter (product name: SH-7000, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.), the haze value (%) of test sample 1 obtained above was measured in accordance with JIS K 7136.

[0219] (3) Using a 60° gloss gloss meter (product name: VG-7000, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.), the 60° gloss of test sample 2 obtained above was measured in accordance with JIS Z8741.

[0220] (4) Measurement of infrared absorptivity The infrared absorptivity (%) of test sample 1 obtained above (wavelengths of 1000 nm, 1500 nm, and 2000 nm) was measured using a spectrophotometer (product name: UV-3600, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).

[0221] (5) Using a heat shielding coefficient and a segmented spectrophotometer (product name: UV-3600, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the solar transmittance and solar reflectance of test sample 1 obtained above were measured, and the amount of heat inflow was calculated and segmented according to the method in accordance with JIS A 5759:2016, and the heat shielding coefficient was calculated from the following formula (1). The measurement and calculation results are summarized in Table 6 below.

[0222]

[0223]

[0224] Table 6 shows that the laminates of Examples 4 and 5, which satisfy the requirements of Claim 1, exhibited excellent heat shielding effects. Therefore, by placing the laminate of the present invention on the surface to which the outside of outdoor electronic devices, particularly outdoor displays, are incident, the effects of heat inside outdoor electronic devices can be suppressed. In particular, the laminate of the present invention can be suitably applied to outdoor electronic devices equipped with mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs.

[0225] (Materials Used) The following materials were prepared: (A-1) Anti-glare anti-reflective film (laminated film having an anti-glare anti-reflective layer / substrate layer structure, product name: OPTERIA H239LR, thickness: 85 μm, manufactured by Lintec Corporation)

[0226] (D1) Infrared Absorbing Film The following (D1-1) and (D1-2) were used as infrared absorbing films. (D1-1) Infrared absorbing film exhibiting the physical properties shown in Table 7 A laminated film (thickness: 27 μm) in which an infrared absorbing layer containing indium tin oxide (ITO), an infrared absorbent, is formed on the surface of a PET film. (D1-2) Infrared absorbing film exhibiting the physical properties shown in Table 7 A laminated film (thickness: 27 μm) in which an infrared absorbing layer containing CWO (conductive fine particles obtained by adding cesium to tungsten oxide), an infrared absorbent, is formed on the surface of a PET film.

[0227] (B2) Infrared Reflective Film The following (B2-1) to (B2-3) were used as infrared reflective films. (B2-1) Half-mirror film exhibiting the physical properties shown in Table 8 A PET film surface with three layers of nichrome-silver-nichrome metal thin film formed as an infrared reflective layer by sputtering. Thickness: 23 μm. (B2-2) Half-mirror film exhibiting the physical properties shown in Table 8 A PET film surface with a silver-based metal thin film formed as an infrared reflective layer by sputtering. PET film thickness: 25 μm. (B2-3) Half-mirror film exhibiting the physical properties shown in Table 8 A fine laminated film having a multilayer structure with at least two nanoscale thin film resin layers as an infrared reflective layer on the PET film surface. Thickness: 52 μm.

[0228] (C-1) Adhesive Film A laminated film having a layer structure of release film / adhesive layer / release film, product name: OPTERIA MO-3015, adhesive layer thickness: 25 μm, manufactured by Lintec Corporation was used to form the adhesive layers 1 and 2 shown in Table 9.

[0229] (Measurement Method) (1) The haze value (%), total light transmittance (%), and infrared absorption rate (%) at wavelengths of 1000 nm, 1500 nm, and 2000 nm for the infrared absorbing films (D1-1) and (D1-2) were determined by measuring the physical properties of test sample 1, which will be described later. The measurement results are shown in Table 7.

[0230] (2) The haze value (%), total light transmittance (%), and infrared reflectance (%) at wavelengths of 1000 nm, 1500 nm, and 2000 nm for the infrared reflective films (B2-1), (B2-2), and (B2-3) were determined by measuring the physical properties of Test Sample 1, described later, and the 60° gloss was determined by measuring the physical properties of Test Sample 2, described later. The measurement results are shown in Table 8.

[0231] (Preparation of test samples) (1) Test sample 1 The PET film surface of the infrared absorbing film (D1-1) and a 3 mm thick float glass (15 cm x 7 cm) were bonded together via the adhesive layer of the adhesive film (C-1) to form test sample 1. Test samples 1 were also prepared for the infrared absorbing film (D1-2), infrared reflective films (B2-1), (B2-2), and (B2-3) in the same manner as for the infrared absorbing film (D1-1).

[0232] (2) Test Sample 2 Test Sample 2 was prepared by bonding the PET film surface of the infrared reflective film (B2-1) and a black acrylic plate (product name: Acrylite L502, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) via the adhesive layer of the adhesive film (C-1). Test Sample 2 was also prepared for the infrared reflective films (B2-2) and (B2-3) in the same manner as for the infrared reflective film (B2-1).

[0233] (Physical property measurement) Using test samples 1 and 2 obtained above, the total light transmittance, haze value, and 60° gloss were measured and calculated.

[0234] (1) Measurement of total light transmittance: Using a haze meter (product name: SH-7000, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.), the total light transmittance (%) of test sample 1 obtained above was measured in accordance with JIS K 7361-1.

[0235] (2) Measurement of haze value Using a haze meter (product name: SH-7000, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.), the haze value (%) of test sample 1 obtained above was measured in accordance with JIS K 7136.

[0236] (3) For the 60° gloss infrared reflective films (B2-1), (B2-2), and (B2-3), the 60° gloss of the test sample 2 obtained above was measured in accordance with JIS Z8741 using a gloss meter (product name: VG-7000, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.).

[0237] (4) Measurement of infrared absorption and infrared reflectance For the infrared absorbing films (D1-1) and (D1-2), the absorption rate (%) of infrared rays (wavelengths 1000 nm, 1500 nm, and 2000 nm) of the test sample 1 obtained above was measured using a spectrophotometer (product name: UV-3600, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). For the infrared reflective films (B2-1), (B2-2), and (B2-3), the reflectance (%) of infrared rays (wavelengths 1000 nm, 1500 nm, and 2000 nm) of the test sample 1 obtained above was measured using a spectrophotometer (product name: UV-3600, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). The above measurement results are summarized in Tables 7 and 8 below.

[0238]

[0239]

[0240] (Example 6) The substrate side of the anti-glare anti-reflective film (A-1) and the infrared absorption layer side of the infrared absorption film (D1-1) were bonded together via the adhesive layer of the adhesive film (C-1). Next, the PET film side of the infrared absorption film (D1-1) and the adhesive layer of the adhesive film (C-1) were bonded together. This resulted in obtaining a laminate 1 having a layer structure of anti-glare anti-reflective film (A-1) / adhesive layer 1 / infrared absorption layer [infrared absorption film (D1-1)] / adhesive layer 2. A release film is laminated on the surface of adhesive layer 2.

[0241] Next, the release film of the adhesive layer 2 at the outermost end of the laminate 1 obtained above was peeled off, and a 1 mm thick soda glass (15 mm x 7 mm) was bonded to the exposed surface. Then, a sealing material was applied to the periphery of the bonded soda glass in a width of 2 mm, and another soda glass (15 mm x 7 mm) was bonded on top of it, thereby obtaining a laminate having a layer structure of anti-glare anti-reflective film (A-1) / adhesive layer 1 / infrared absorption layer [infrared absorption film (D1-1)] / adhesive layer 2 / glass plate / air layer (sealed space) / glass plate. Next, the adhesive layer of adhesive film (C-1) was bonded to the surface of the glass plate at the outermost end of the laminate to obtain the laminate 10D of Example 1. The thickness of the air layer in the laminate of Example 1 was 5 mm.

[0242] Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the layer structure of the laminate 10D of Example 6. In Figure 4, 1d is a resin film, 2d is an infrared absorbing layer, 3a is an anti-glare anti-reflective layer (the base layer is not shown), 4a is adhesive layer 1, 4b is adhesive layer 2, 4c is adhesive layer 3, 5 is an air layer, 6 is a glass plate, and 10D represents the laminate of Example 6.

[0243] (Examples 7-13, Comparative Examples 3-7) Laminates of Examples 7-13 and Comparative Examples 3-7 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 6. The layer configurations of the laminates of Examples 6-13 and Comparative Examples 3-7 are summarized in Table 9. The thickness of the air layer in the laminates of Examples 7-10 was 5 mm, and the thickness of the air layer in Examples 6-8 was 10 mm. In Table 3, the laminate has a layer configuration of base material / adhesive layer 1 / base material 2 / adhesive layer 2 / member 1 / (air layer or adhesive layer 3) / member 2, and A-1, C-1, D1-1, D1-2, B2-1, B2-2, B2-3, and C-1 have the same meaning as above, F-1 represents a 1 mm thick soda glass (15 mm x 7 mm), E-1 represents a 5 mm thick air layer, and E-2 represents a 10 mm thick air layer.

[0244]

[0245] (Heat Shielding Effect Test) A sample for measurement (a laminate of Examples 6-13 and Comparative Examples 3-7, without an adhesive layer at the outermost end; hereinafter referred to as "the laminate for measurement of Example 1") was placed 50 cm horizontally away from the light source. An incandescent light bulb (product name: Outdoor floodlight diffuse type 150W: model number RF110V135WH, manufactured by Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd.) was used as the light source, and after 30 minutes of light irradiation with the incandescent light bulb, the surface temperature of the glass plate located at the outermost end of the sample was measured. The initial surface temperature of the glass plate was 27°C. The measurement results are shown in Tables 10-1, 10-2, and 10-3.

[0246]

[0247]

[0248]

[0249] Tables 10-1, 10-2, and 10-3 show that when comparing the measurement laminates of Examples 6 and 11 with Comparative Example 3, Examples 7 and 12 with Comparative Example 4, Examples 8 with Comparative Example 5, Examples 9 and 13 with Comparative Example 6, and Examples 10 with Comparative Example 7, in all cases, the surface temperature of the glass plate located at the outermost edge of the measurement laminate with an air layer is lower. From this, it was found that by providing an insulating layer (air layer) in addition to the infrared shielding layer, the temperature rise inside outdoor electronic equipment due to heat transfer from the heat accumulated in the infrared shielding layer can be effectively suppressed.

[0250] 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d... Resin film 2a... Infrared shielding layer 2b, 2d... Infrared reflective layer 2c... Infrared absorbing layer 3... Anti-glare anti-reflective layer 4a... Adhesive layer 1 4b... Adhesive layer 2 4c... Adhesive layer 3 5... Heat insulating layer 6... Glass plate 7... Outdoor display 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D... Laminate

Claims

1. A laminate used in an environment irradiated with light including infrared rays with a wavelength of 780 nm to 2500 nm, wherein an infrared reflective layer is provided on the surface of the laminate to which the light is incident, the total light transmittance is 3% or more, and the heat shielding coefficient is 0.90 or less.

2. A laminate used in an environment irradiated with light including infrared rays with a wavelength of 780 nm to 2500 nm, wherein an infrared absorbing layer is provided on the surface of the laminate to which the light is incident, the total light transmittance is 3% or more, and the heat shielding coefficient is 0.90 or less.

3. A laminate used in an environment where light including infrared light with a wavelength of 780 nm to 2500 nm is irradiated, wherein the laminate is provided with an infrared shielding layer on the surface of the laminate to which the light is incident, and has a heat insulating layer on the side of the infrared shielding layer opposite to the surface to which the ambient light is incident.

4. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the infrared reflective layer is made of a film having a deposited film of metal or metal oxide on a substrate.

5. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the infrared reflective layer comprises a film having a wavelength-selective infrared reflective layer that includes a multilayer structure having at least two nanoscale resin layers on a substrate.

6. The laminate according to claim 2, wherein the infrared absorbent layer comprises a film having a cured film made of an active energy ray curable resin composition containing an infrared absorbent on a substrate.

7. The laminate according to claim 3, wherein the infrared shielding layer is an infrared absorbing layer or an infrared reflecting layer.

8. The laminate according to claim 3, wherein the thermal insulation layer is an air layer.

9. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the reflectance of infrared rays with a wavelength of 2000 nm is 4% or more.

10. The laminate according to claim 2, wherein the absorption rate of infrared rays with a wavelength of 2000 nm is 4% or more.

11. The laminate according to claim 3, wherein the blocking rate of infrared rays with a wavelength of 2000 nm is 4% or more.

12. An outdoor electronic device used in an environment where light including infrared light with a wavelength of 780 nm to 2500 nm is irradiated, wherein the laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 11 is arranged on the surface of the outdoor electronic device to which the light is incident.

13. The outdoor electronic device according to claim 12, having a backlight with a plurality of light-emitting elements on a substrate.

14. The outdoor electronic device according to claim 13, wherein the light-emitting element is a mini LED or a micro LED.

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