Air filter for external installation ATOP an air-handling unit
An externally installed, expansively biased pleated air filter for mini-split systems overcomes space constraints by expanding to fit atop air-handling units, ensuring effective filtration without rearward attachments, enhancing installation ease and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-09
AI Technical Summary
Mini-split air-conditioning systems face challenges in installing conventional pleated air filters due to limited internal space within the indoor air-handling units, making it difficult to achieve effective filtration of fine particles.
An externally installed, unframed, pleated air filter with a co-pleated biasing layer that is expansively biased and reversibly expandable, allowing easy installation atop the air inlet of the air-handling unit without requiring attachment to the rearward areas, utilizing a detachable securing panel for stability.
The solution provides stable, high-efficiency filtration with increased pleat height and surface area, eliminating the need for rearward attachments and facilitating easy installation, even in confined spaces near ceilings.
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Figure CN2024123197_09042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
AIR FILTER FOR EXTERNAL INSTALLATION ATOP AN AIR-HANDLING UNITBackground
[0001] So-called mini-split air-conditioning systems are becoming more prevalent throughout the world, particularly in dwellings that cannot be easily fitted with ducting for a centralized heating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. The indoor air-handling units of mini-split air-conditioning units have very little internal space into which conventional pleated air filters can be installed.Summary
[0002] Disclosed herein are air filters for external installation atop an air inlet of an indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system. Such an air filter may comprise a conformal, unframed, pleated filter assembly comprising a pleated layer of filter media and a biasing layer that is co-pleated with the filter media. In one aspect, such an air filter may comprise a front, securing panel that can be detachably secured to an outside surface of a housing of the indoor air-handling unit. In another aspect, the pleated filter assembly of such an air filter may be reversibly expandable between a compacted condition and an at-rest condition that is expanded relative to the compacted condition. In another aspect, the pleated filter assembly may be expansively biased toward the expanded, at-rest condition. These and other aspects will be apparent from the detailed description below. In no event, however, should the above summaries be construed as limitations on the claimed subject matter, which subject matter is defined solely by the attached claims, as may be amended during prosecution.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0003] Fig. 1 is a perspective view, generally from the front and slightly above, of an exemplary indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system.
[0004] Fig. 2 is a perspective view, generally from the front and slightly below, of another exemplary indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system.
[0005] Fig. 3 is a perspective view, generally from the front and slightly above, of another exemplary indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system.
[0006] Fig. 4 is a side plan view of another exemplary indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system.
[0007] Fig. 5 is a perspective view of an exemplary air filter, in an expanded condition.
[0008] Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an exemplary air filter, in a compacted condition.
[0009] Fig. 7 is a side plan view of an exemplary indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system, with an exemplary air filter installed atop the indoor air-handling unit.
[0010] Fig. 8 is a perspective view of another exemplary air filter, conformed into an arcuate configuration.
[0011] Fig. 9 is a side plan view of another exemplary air filter, in an expanded condition.
[0012] Fig. 10 is a top plan view of a single pleat-panel of an exemplary pleated filter assembly.
[0013] Like reference numbers in the various figures indicate like elements. Unless otherwise indicated, all figures and drawings in this document are not to scale and are chosen for the purpose of illustrating different embodiments of the invention. In particular the dimensions of the various components are depicted in illustrative terms only, and no relationship between the dimensions of the various components should be inferred from the drawings, unless so indicated.
[0014] As used herein as a modifier to a property, attribute or relationship, the term “generally” , unless otherwise specifically defined, means that the property, attribute or relationship would be readily recognizable by a person of ordinary skill but without requiring absolute precision or a perfect match (e.g., within + / -20 %for quantifiable properties) . The term “substantially” means to a high degree of approximation (e.g., within + / -10%for quantifiable properties) but again without requiring absolute precision or a perfect match. The term “configured to” and like terms is at least as restrictive as the term “adapted to” , and requires actual design intention to perform the specified function rather than mere capability of performing such a function. The term “integral” denotes items that are portions of the same overall entity, are of the same composition, and that were made concurrently in the same manufacturing process, e.g. by folding a piece of sheet-like material to provide panels that are integrally connected to each other at a fold line therebetween. Terms such as “attach” , “attached” , “attachable” , etc., unless otherwise specified, denote permanent attachment such that an entity cannot be detached from an item to which it is attached, without unacceptably damaging or destroying the entity and / or the item. The terminology of first and second is for convenience of description and does not imply any classification as to function or order, unless specifically noted.Detailed Description
[0015] Disclosed herein are air filters 1 that are configured to be externally installed atop an air inlet of an indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system. Exemplary indoor air-handling units 100 are depicted in perspective view in Figs. 1-3 and in side plan view in Fig. 4. Any such indoor air-handling unit 100 will typically be installed on a vertical wall 200 (e.g. a wall of a room of a residential dwelling, office, etc. ) . Often, such a unit will be installed near (e.g., within 10-20 cm of) a ceiling 300 of the room, as shown in generic representation in Fig. 4. Such a unit will comprise a housing 101, which will comprise an air inlet 102 through which room air is admitted, and an air outlet 103 through which conditioned air exits the interior of the unit. In general, such a unit will have an upper portion 104 and a front portion 105 (as well as a lower portion) . In this regard, terms such as forward, front, and like terminology, and terms such as rear, rearward, and like terminology, are defined with respect to an air-handling unit 100 (and to an air filter 1 installed thereon) as mounted on a wall. For all such items and components thereof, forward, front, and like terminology denote a direction generally away from the wall; rear, rearward and like terminology denotes an opposing direction generally toward the wall. (In other words, the “rear” of the air-handling unit faces the wall. ) Terms such as upward, downward, upper, lower, and so on, as applied to a wall-mounted air-handling unit and an air filter installed thereon, all have their ordinary meaning.
[0016] In many such air-handling units 100, air inlet 102 will be located at least generally in the upper portion 104 of the unit, and air outlet 103 will be located in a lower portion of the unit (and / or in a lower section of the front portion 105 of the unit) , so that ambient air can be drawn into the unit from near the ceiling and so that conditioned air can be expelled from the unit in a generally downward and / or outward direction. Air inlet 102 will often have a lattice 106 of multiple struts, and will have a front edge 111 and a rear edge 112. Unit 100 will have at least one internal fan (often, a cross-flow fan) that motivates ambient air to enter the housing through inlet 102 and conditioned air to leave the housing through outlet 103. Many such air-handling units 100 will comprise one or more mesh screens (not visible in any Figure) within the interior of housing 101 (and accessible by opening one or more covers in housing 101) . Such mesh screens typically serve only to remove gross debris, pet hair, and the like, from the incoming air, and have nearly zero efficiency for capturing fine particles such as PM2.5 particles. It is possible to install a fine-particle air filter (e.g. comprising an electret filter media) within the interior of housing 101, e.g. by mounting it on a mesh screen of the general type described above. Arrangements of this general type are disclosed e.g. in U.S. Patent Application Publication US 2023 / 0372854, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. However, in many cases there is very little room within housing 101 for installing a fine-particle filter therein; in particular, it may be difficult to install a pleated filter media within housing 101, due to the limited space available.
[0017] The herein-disclosed arrangements avoid such difficulties by providing a pleated air filter 1 that can be installed externally on a housing 101 of an air-handling unit 100 rather than internally within the housing. Specifically, air filter 1 can be installed atop air inlet 102 so as to filter a significant amount of the incoming air before it enters housing 101 through inlet 102. An externally-installed pleated air filter 1 will be able to have a much greater pleat height and commensurately higher surface area (and thus can achieve significantly higher filtration performance) in comparison to an internally-installed air filter. Furthermore, the herein-disclosed arrangements allow such an air filter 1 to be easily installed atop an air-handling unit, as will be clear from the discussions that follow.
[0018] An exemplary air filter 1 is depicted, in an expanded condition in Fig. 5 and in a compacted condition in Fig. 6. Various components, portions, areas, etc. of air filter 1 may be present in pairs (or, in general, in multiples) ; all such items may not be individually labeled with reference numbers but general descriptions herein will be understood to apply to all such pairs, multiples, etc. Air filter 1 comprises a conformal, unframed, pleated filter assembly 10. By “pleated” is meant a sheet-like entity that has been folded into rows of generally parallel, oppositely oriented folds ( “pleats” 21) that provide alternating peaks and valleys on both sides of the entity. As shown in Fig. 5, pleated filter assembly 10 includes a plurality of pleat-panels (indicated generically by reference number 22) and comprises an upper side 11 with upper pleat tips 23 and upper pleat valleys 24, and a lower side 12 with lower pleat tips 25 and lower pleat valleys 26.Pleated filter assembly 10 will exhibit a pleat direction (Dp, indicated in Fig. 5) that is parallel to the long axes of the pleat tips.
[0019] Pleated filter assembly 10 will be reversibly expandable along an expansion-contraction direction Dec; along this direction, assembly 10 will have a forward direction F and a rearward direction R (all as labeled in Fig. 5) , in accordance with the terminology previously introduced. Pleated filter assembly 10 (and air filter 1) will have opposing primary ends; specifically, a forward end 13 and a rearward end 14. Pleated filter assembly 10 will have opposing secondary edges 17 that are corrugated edges. By a corrugated edge is meant an edge that exhibits a regular zig-zag shape when viewed along the pleat direction Dp of the assembly. (Primary ends 13 and 14 are thus non-corrugated according to this definition. ) Pleated filter assembly 10 comprises a pleated layer of nonwoven electret filter media 15 and a pleated biasing layer 80. (Biasing layer 80 is omitted from all Figures herein for ease of viewing other items, excepting Fig. 10, in which biasing layer 80 is depicted. ) Biasing layer 80 is attached to the layer of filter media 15 and is co-pleated with filter media 15, meaning that biasing layer 80 is attached to filter media after which biasing layer 80 and filter media 15 are subjected to a pleating operation that imparts them with the same exact pleat-pattern. Biasing layer 80 serves to expansively bias pleated filter assembly toward an expanded condition as discussed in detail later herein. In some embodiments, biasing layer 80 will be located on lower side 12 of pleated filter assembly 10 and air filter 1.
[0020] By unframed is meant that pleated filter assembly 10 (and filter 1 as a whole) does not comprise any kind of perimeter support frame that is mounted (at least) on the edges and ends of the pleated filter assembly. This proviso applies to rigid frames that hold an air filter stably in a particular shape and size, as well to adjustable frames (e.g. with members that are sliding, telescoping, and / or repositionable) that support an air filter while allowing the size and or shape of the air filter to be adjusted. Frames that are excluded from being present in a herein-disclosed unframed pleated filter assembly 10 and air filter 1 include, but are not limited to, so-called channel frames, pinch frames, and box frames. These restrictions all apply to air filter 1 as packaged, and as installed atop an air-handling unit.
[0021] By conformal is mean that pleated filter assembly 10 (and filter 1 as a whole) can be reversibly conformed from a planar condition (so that pleated filter assembly 10 exhibits a radius of curvature of essentially infinity) , to a conformed condition in which pleated filter assembly 10 exhibits a radius of curvature of less than 50 cm, without unacceptably damaging pleated filter assembly 10 or any component thereof. Any such conforming will be along a conforming axis Ac (as indicated in Fig. 8) that is at least generally perpendicular to the pleat Direction Dp of the pleated filter assembly 10. In various embodiments, pleated filter assembly 10 and filter 1 may exhibit a radius of curvature of less than 30, 10, or 5 cm.
[0022] Pleated filter assembly 10, comprising co-pleated filter media 15 and biasing layer 80, is equipped with at least a front, securing panel 50 to form air filter 1. Front, securing panel 50 is configured to be detachably secured to an outside surface 107 of a housing 101 of an indoor air-handling unit 100 of a mini-split air-conditioning system, to maintain air filter 1 in place atop the indoor air-handling unit. Air filter 1 may further comprise a rear, abutting panel 70 that (with air filter 1 in place atop the air-handling unit) is configured to abut against a surface that is rearward of a rear edge 112 of air inlet 102.
[0023] Air filter 1 can be provided to an end-user with pleated filter assembly (and air filter 1 as a whole) in any suitable condition. In some embodiments, air filter 1 may be provided to an end user in a compacted condition, e.g. in a maximally-compacted condition as defined later herein. (An exemplary air filter 1 in a maximally-compacted condition is depicted in Fig. 6. ) In other embodiments, an air filter 1 may be provided to an end-user in a compacted condition that is not necessarily a maximally-compacted condition. In still other embodiments, an air filter 1 may be provided to an end-user while not in a compacted condition; e.g., in an at-rest condition.
[0024] In many embodiments, an air filter 1 may be packaged in a suitable container e.g. for shipping, inventory, and sales. In some embodiments, such packaging may maintain the air filter in a compacted, e.g. maximally-compacted, condition. Any such container might be e.g. a shrink-wrap wrapper, a paper or chipboard wrapper, a bag, a box, and so on. Any such container may completely encompass air filter 1 on all sides; or, it may only partially encompass air filter 1, as long as it is able to hold air filter 1 in a desired (e.g. compacted) packaged condition. In some embodiments, a kit comprising multiple (e.g. two, three, four, or more) air filters 1 may be packaged in a suitable container. In some such embodiments, individually-packaged (e.g. wrapped) air filters may be provided in a common container. In any such embodiment, an end-user can remove the packaging so that the air filter is ready for installation and use.
[0025] Expansive-biasing
[0026] As disclosed herein, pleated filter assembly 10 (and thus air filter 1 as a whole) is expansively biased. By this is meant that pleated filter assembly 10 exhibits a readily observable tendency to expand (along the aforementioned expansion-compaction direction Dec) from a compacted condition to an expanded condition. In many embodiments, the primary cause of this behavior will be the above-mentioned biasing layer 80. Biasing layer 80 will be made of a suitable material (e.g. a metal mesh) that, in combination with the shape into which the biasing layer is formed (e.g. by being co-pleated) , will provide the desired expansive biasing. Specifically, being co-pleated with filter media 15, biasing layer 80 will exhibit (when viewed along the pleat direction Dp of assembly 10) a sinusoidal or zig-zag appearance. Biasing layer 80, when made of an appropriate material (e.g. a metal mesh) will thus function as a type of spring known as an “accordion spring” . Such a spring, when compressed along its expansion-compaction direction (i.e., when air filter 1 is compacted) , will exert an expansive force along this direction.
[0027] Pleated filter assembly 10, as made at the factory, can be configured so that it will exhibit an at-rest condition. By this is meant a condition that pleated filter assembly 10 (and air filter 1 as a whole) will assume when not subjected to a compacting force (nor to an expanding force) . An at-rest condition (and the length of a pleated air filter along its expansion-compaction direction Dec when in such a condition) can be straightforwardly evaluated by placing the pleated air filter on a horizontal surface with a relatively low coefficient of friction, e.g. a smooth tabletop such as varnished wood, smooth granite, etc. (If necessary, an auxiliary layer of smooth-surfaced, low-friction material, e.g. a sheet of biaxially-oriented polypropylene or the like, may be placed on the horizontal surface. ) The air filter can be allowed to expand to its at-rest condition (e.g. the air filter may be slightly lifted or jiggled to ensure that its expansion is not held back by friction) . By definition, the at-rest condition of the air filter will be an expanded condition, meaning that it is expanded relative to the compacted condition.
[0028] Thus, in some embodiments, a pleated filter assembly 10 (and air filter 1 as a whole) will be expansively biased by pleated biasing layer 80 toward an expanded, at-rest condition so that in the absence of a compacting force applied to the pleated filter assembly to hold the pleated filter assembly in the compacted condition, the pleated filter assembly will assume the at-rest condition.
[0029] With an air filter 1 configured in this manner, an end-user can (e.g. after removing any wrapping or packaging) position the air filter 1 atop the upper portion 104 of housing 101 of indoor air-handling unit 100, so that the pleated filter assembly 10 is positioned generally atop the air inlet 102 of unit 100. The user can allow pleated filter assembly 10 to expand generally along the expansion-compaction direction Dec (which will correspond to the forward-rearward axis of air-handling unit 100 and of air filter 1) . Some expansion may have already occurred prior to the air filter being positioned atop unit 100; if so, any additional expansion can be allowed e.g. so that pleated filter assembly 10 assumes its at-rest state. If anything obstructs this expansion (e.g. if a lower pleat tip 25 of pleated filter assembly 10 snags on a strut of a lattice 106 that covers air inlet 102) , the air filter, or any specific portion thereof, may be momentarily lifted upward from housing 101 to allow the expansion to occur, after which the air filter can be lowered so that it rests atop housing 101 of unit 100. At this point, the user can verify that a rear, abutting panel 70 of rearward end 14 of pleated filter assembly 10, is abutted against a surface that is rearward of a rear edge 112 of air inlet 102. (In many embodiments, a surface against which rear, abutting panel 70 abuts will be a surface of wall 200 on which air-handling unit 100 is mounted, e.g. a wall area 201 that is located just above the rearward end of upper portion 104 of housing 101 of unit 100, as indicated in Figs. 4 and 7. ) The end-user can detachably secure a front, securing panel 50 of forward end 13 of pleated filter assembly 10, to a chosen area of housing 101 of unit 100, to complete the installation process. In some embodiments, the securing of panel 50 of air filter 1 to housing 101 will be on an area 110 of outside surface 107 of housing 101 as indicated in Figs. 1-4; e.g., an area that is generally forward and / or generally downward of the front edge 111 of air inlet 102. However, other modes of securing are possible, as discussed later herein.
[0030] Many variations of the above general procedures are possible. For example, in some instances a user may have allowed air filter 1 to expand to its at-rest condition while (or before) the user positions the air filter above or atop unit 100. With the air filter in its at-rest condition and with the rearward end of the air filter being abutted (e.g. against wall 200) , front, securing panel 50 may be located somewhat forward of the area of housing 101 that it is desired to secure panel 50 to. In such a case, it may be necessary for the user to apply slight manual rearward (wallward) pressure to panel 50 and / or to at least a forward portion of pleated filter assembly 10 so that panel 50 is moved rearward (wallward) into the proper location to secure panel 50 to the chosen area of housing 101. Thus, in some instances, a user may manually compact air filter 1 from an at-rest condition during the installation process.
[0031] In another example, in some instances a user may maintain air filter 1 in a compacted condition (e.g., in the same state of compaction that the air filter was packaged in) as the user positions the air filter above or atop unit 100. With the air filter in a compacted condition and with the rearward end of the air filter being abutted (e.g. against wall 200) , front, securing panel 50 may be located somewhat rearward (wallward) of the area of housing 101 that it is desired to secure panel 50 to. In such a case, it may be necessary for the user to allow air filter 1 to expand so that panel 50 is moved forward (away from the wall) into the proper location to secure panel 50 to the chosen area of housing 101. Thus, in some instances (e.g. in which the user does not allow the air filter to expand to an at-rest condition before or during installation) the user may not necessarily perform any step of compacting air filter 1 during the installation.
[0032] In addition, the order of performing various operations can vary. For example, panel 50 may be secured to a chosen area of housing 101 as a first step, after which any expanding and / or compacting steps can be performed. Still further, once air filter 1 is in place atop unit 100 and panel 50 is secured to unit 100, a portion, or even the entirety, of pleated filter assembly 10 may be momentarily lifted off of unit 100 (e.g. by lightly holding the air filter by its corrugated edges 17) to ensure that air filter 1 is / has expanded such that its rearward end is properly abutted e.g. against wall 200. (If the positioning does not appear satisfactory, securing panel 50 may be temporarily detached from housing 101 of unit 100 and the air filter may be repositioned and securing panel 50 re-secured to housing 101. )
[0033] It is emphasized that regardless of the manner or order in which various steps of the installation process are carried out, air filter 1 as installed atop air-handling unit 100 will be in a compacted condition so that air filter 1 is in a state of compression, as described in detail below. The result of these operations will be an arrangement of the general type depicted in exemplary embodiment in Fig. 7. Air filter 1 is now installed atop indoor air-handling unit 100 so that the pleated filter assembly 10 of air filter 1 is positioned generally atop the air inlet 102 of unit 100, so that a large proportion of the ambient air that is drawn into unit 100 through inlet 102 will pass through the filter media 15 of assembly 10 and be filtered thereby. It is emphasized that air filter 1, as installed atop a unit 100, remains in an unframed condition.
[0034] As disclosed herein, pleated filter assembly 10 (in particular, biasing layer 80 thereof) will be configured so that when assembly 10 is installed atop unit 100 as described above, it will exhibit an installed length (along the expansion-compaction direction Dec) that is less than the length of assembly 10 when it is in its at-rest condition. In other words, when air filter 1 is installed atop unit 100 in the general manner depicted in Fig. 7, pleated filter assembly 10 will be held in a state of compaction (by which is meant that the actual length of pleated filter assembly 10 as installed, is less than 95 %of its at-rest length) . Air filter 1 will be held in this compacted condition by way of the forward end 13 of assembly 10 being secured to unit 100 by front, securing panel 50, and by way of the rearward end 14 of assembly 10 being abutted against a surface (e.g. against area 201 of wall 200) . Air filter 1, when installed, is thus maintained under a compressive force so that it remains at an installed length that is less than the at-rest length which the expansive-biasing would otherwise cause the air filter to assume.
[0035] The advantages of the herein-disclosed arrangements are subtle but substantial. Such arrangements can achieve stable external installation of an air filter 1 atop an air-handling unit 100, without requiring the rearward end 14 of air filter 1 to be attached to anything (e.g., to an area 201 of wall 200 or to an area 120 of housing 101) . As evident from Figs. 4 and 7, it is common for indoor air-handling units 100 of mini-split air-conditioning systems to be installed high on a wall 200, e.g. as close as 10 or even 5 centimeters to the ceiling 300. Therefore, it can be difficult for an end-user to access the top-rear of such a unit 100. For example, it may be difficult to access an area 201 on wall 200 above the rear of unit 100 to an extent that allows the end-user to use tape, thumbtacks, or some other attachment mechanism to attach the rearward end of an air filter to the wall. The herein-disclosed arrangements avoid such difficulties by arranging pleated filter assembly 10 to be self-expansively-biasing (without the aid of any frame or external mechanical device) in a way that causes the rearward end 14 of pleated filter assembly 10 to become abutted against a surface that is rearward of the rear edge 112 of the air inlet 102 of an air-handling unit 100. This abutting of rearward end 14 of pleated filter assembly 10 will cause the rearward end 14 of pleated filter assembly to “self-seal” e.g. against area 201 of wall 200.
[0036] In short, the herein-disclosed arrangements eliminate any need to attach, bond, or otherwise connect any portion of an air filter 1 to any area of a wall that is rearward of an air inlet 102 of an indoor air-handling unit 100. Similarly, the herein-disclosed arrangements eliminate any need to attach any portion of an air filter 1 to any area 120 of housing 101 of unit 100 that is rearward of the air inlet 102 of the unit. Rather, the user can simply “flop” the air filter 1 atop the unit 100. All of the manipulations that may be needed in order to secure the air filter in place atop the unit 100, can occur toward the front (that is, the most easily accessible portion) of unit 100 and air filter 1. The most a user might need to do is, e.g., momentarily lift at least one or more portions of air filter 1 off of unit 100 (e.g., they can “jiggle” the air filter while holding it lightly by its corrugated edges) to allow the air filter to expand so that the rearward end 14 of the air filter is abutted in the manner described above.
[0037] The arrangements disclosed herein thus involve providing an air filter 1 that is expansively biased, and installing the air filter so that it is subjected to a compressive force, and is thus held in a compacted condition, during use. The compacted condition is long-lasting (i.e., it remains effective during the entire duration of the time that the air filter is installed atop the unit 100. ) It is emphasized that when air filter 1 is in its installed, in-use compacted condition, the air filter may not necessarily be compacted to its maximally-compacted extent (or even to an extent to which the air filter may have been compacted as packaged) . Also, an installed, in-use condition of air filter 1 is sometimes referred to herein as an expanded condition. Such terminology is used with reference to the air filter as maximally-compacted, in comparison to which the installed, in-use condition of the air filter is indeed expanded. The installed, in-use condition of air filter 1 will be at least slightly compacted with reference to the at-rest, expanded condition of air filter 1, as the discussions herein make clear.
[0038] Such arrangements are distinguished from those in which an air filter is not expansively biased and is not held in a state of compression during use. In particular, such arrangements differ from those in which an air filter is held in a state of expansion, and tension, when in use; e.g., those in which a pleated air filter is stretched from an at-rest state to an in-use state, and is installed (e.g. with the front and rear ends of the air filter being attached to a housing of an air-handling unit) in such a way as to maintain the air filter in this stretched state during use. By definition, such an air filter will not be expansively biased as disclosed herein (rather, such a filter will be biased toward compacting; an external expansion force has to be applied to overcome this biasing in order to stretch the air filter into its in-use state) . Also, such an air filter, in its installed, in-use state, is not under compression but is rather under tension. Still further, such an air filter will likely exhibit an at-rest length that is less than the forward-rearward length of an air inlet upon which the air filter is to be installed. Finally, of course, the rear (wallward) end of any such air filter will have to be secured to something (e.g. to the wall above the rear of the air-handling unit, or to the rear of the air-handling unit itself) in order to maintain the air filter in this tensioned state. Such arrangements thus differ in fundamental aspects from the herein-disclosed arrangements.
[0039] An air filter 1 as disclosed herein can thus be expanded at least once from a compacted condition to an expanded, in-use condition, along an expansion-compaction direction Dec. In many embodiments, the pleated air filter can expand / compact only along this direction and cannot expand or compact along a pleat direction DP that is perpendicular to the expansion-compaction direction Dec. In many embodiments, this expansion and compaction is fully reversible and repeatable so that air filter 1 can be repeatedly transitioned back and forth between an expanded, in-use condition and a compacted condition.
[0040] An air filter 1 as disclosed herein may be characterized by way of an expansion ratio, which is the ratio of the length of the air filter in its expanded, at-rest condition, to the length of the air filter in its maximally-compacted condition. By a maximally-compacted condition is meant a condition in which pleated filter assembly 10, and air filter 1 as a whole, are compacted the maximum extent from which they can subsequently (when the compacting force is removed) expand substantially to an at-rest condition. By substantially to an at-rest condition is meant within plus or minus 5 %. In some embodiments, when a pleated filter assembly 10 is in a maximally-compacted condition, the nearest-neighboring pleat-panels (i.e., those that face each other across a pleat valley) may closely approach each other or even contact each other in some locations (as for the exemplary maximally-compacted air filter 1 depicted in Fig. 6) . However, this may not necessarily be the case.
[0041] By definition, an air filter 1 as disclosed herein will exhibit an expansion ratio of at least 50 %. Such an expansion ratio is obtained by measuring the length (along the expansion-compaction direction) of the air filter 1 when in its expanded, at-rest condition, measuring the length of air filter 1 when in its maximally-compacted condition (which may be, but is not necessarily, the condition in which it is packaged and supplied to an end-user) , and dividing the at-rest length by the maximally-compacted length. Thus for example, an air filter with a maximally-compacted length of 5 cm and an at-rest length of 20 cm will exhibit an expansion ratio of 400 %. An air filter with a maximally-compacted length of 2 cm and an at-rest length of 28 cm (acombination that has been achieved by some prototype samples) will exhibit an expansion ratio of 1400 %. In various embodiments, an air filter 1 as disclosed herein may exhibit an expansion ratio of at least 100, 200, 800, 1600, or 2000 %. In further embodiments, an air filter 1 may exhibit an expansion ratio of at most 3000, 2500, or 1500 %. (All such ratios will be understood to be average values. )
[0042] An air filter 1 may be provided to an end-user (e.g. within packaging that maintains the air filter 1 in a chosen packaged condition) in a condition of any suitable length, e.g. an at-rest condition, a compacted condition, or a maximally-compacted condition. In various embodiments, a packaged air filter 1 may exhibit a length (along axis Dec) of from at least 4, 6, or 8 cm, to at most 15, 13, 11, or 9 cm. An air filter 1 may be configured to exhibit a maximally-compacted extent with any suitable length. In various embodiments, an air filter 1 may exhibit a maximally-compacted length (along axis Dec) of at most 12, 8, or 4 cm. (All such lengths will be understood to be average values. )
[0043] An air filter 1 may be configured to comprise an expanded, at-rest condition with any suitable length. Such a length can be chosen to ensure that with the forward end 13 of the air filter secured to the housing 101 of an air-handling unit 100 at a location forward of a front edge 111 of the unit’s air inlet 102 and with the rearward end 14 of the air filter abutted against a surface rearward of a rear edge 112 of the unit’s air inlet 102, the air filter is held in compression that causes the air filter to be in a compacted condition. In other words, the length of air filter 1 as installed atop an air inlet 102 will be less than the at-rest length of the air filter 1.
[0044] The at-rest length of air filter 1 can be chosen (and established e.g. at the factory) in view of the forward-rearward length of air inlets 102 of air-handling units 100. The forward-rearward length of air inlets 102 of indoor air-handling units 100 differs for different manufacturers and for mini-split air-conditioning systems of different cooling capacities. In general, many such air inlets 102 have a forward-rearward length of from approximately 18 to 25 cm, often in the range of approximately 20-22 cm. In order to be compatible with many such units 100, in various embodiments an air filter 1 may comprise an at-rest length of from at least 18, 20, 22 or 24 cm, to at most 30, 28, or 26 cm. Similarly, an air filter 1 can be configured so as to exhibit an installed, in-use length that is at least slightly greater than the forward-rearward length of the majority of air inlets 102 of mini-split air-conditioning systems (e.g., that is greater than 21, 23 or 25 cm) , noting yet again that whatever the absolute value of these numbers, the installed, in-use length will always be less than the at-rest length. Such selections, along with the ability of the air filter to expand to a variety of lengths as disclosed herein, can allow such air filters to be “universal” fit rather than having to be supplied in a wide variety of sizes.
[0045] As noted, in some embodiments an air filter may be supplied to an end-user in a compacted condition. In some such cases, the end-user may not only allow the air filter to expand to its as-made at-rest condition (e.g. by liberating it from its packaging) , the user may even (e.g. as directed or permitted by instructions provided by the manufacturer of the air filter) forcibly expand the air filter to a new at rest-condition e.g. in which the air filter exhibits a greater at-rest length than it exhibited in the original, as-made at-rest condition. In such embodiments, a biasing layer (as discussed in detail later herein) may be configured to allow such manipulation while nevertheless possessing the requisite resiliency to provide the herein-described expansive biasing. The end-user can then install the air filter atop an air-handling unit in the general manner described herein, so that the air filter, as installed, is in a compacted condition (relative to its new at-rest condition) in which it is subjected to a compressive force.
[0046] An air filter 1 as disclosed herein may be characterized by way of an installed compaction ratio, which is the ratio of the length of the air filter as installed, to the at-rest length of the air filter. By definition, an air filter as disclosed herein will exhibit an installed compaction ratio that is less than 95 %. Such a ratio is obtained by measuring the length (along the expansion-compaction direction) of the air filter 1 as actually installed atop an air-handling unit 100, by measuring the length of the air filter when in its at-rest condition, and dividing the installed length by the at-rest length. Thus for example, an air filter with an installed length of 18 cm and an at-rest length of 27 cm will exhibit an installed compaction ratio of 67 %. In various embodiments, an air filter 1 may exhibit an installed compaction ratio of less than 80, 70, 60, or 50 %. In further embodiments, an air filter 1 may exhibit an installed compaction ratio of greater than 20 or 40 %. (All such ratios will be understood to be average values. )
[0047] In some embodiments, the “width” of air filter 1 (along the pleat direction Dp) can be chosen so that air filter 1 is wide enough to cover the entire width of an air inlet 102 of most indoor-air-handling units 100 from various manufacturers. In some embodiments, air filter 1 will have sufficient width that the corrugated edges 17 of air filter 1 are positioned at least a few (e.g. 2-5) cm beyond the lateral edges of the air inlet 102, e.g. in order to minimize any air that bypasses the corrugated edges 17 as discussed later herein. In some instances, e.g. for an air-handling unit that has an air inlet 102 that is rather narrow in lateral width, significant sections (e.g., 5-10 cm or even more) of the corrugated edge portions of the air filter may extend beyond the lateral edges of the air inlet, so that these edge sections of the air filter overlap areas of the housing 101 that laterally bracket the air inlet. Such arrangements do not have deleterious effects; in fact they may slightly reduce any bypassing of air around the corrugated edges of the air filter, and / or the extended edge portions may serve as dust covers that minimizes the extent to which the overlapped areas of the housing become dusty. Such arrangements are thus encompassed within the disclosures herein. In various embodiments, an air filter 1 may have a width, along the pleat direction Dp, of at least 30, 50, 70, 90, or 110 cm. In some embodiments, two air filters 1 may be laterally (side-to-side) abutted i.e. with a corrugated edge of one of the air filters being abutted against a corrugated edge of the other air filter, so that the two air filters combine to cover the entire width of the air inlet. Such arrangements may be used e.g. with an air-handling unit that has an air inlet 102 that is extremely wide.
[0048] Air filter 1 and pleated filter assembly 10 thereof will comprise first and second opposing ends 13 and 14, which are termed “primary” ends as noted earlier. First end 13 is a forward end and will comprise a front, securing panel 50 as discussed in detail later herein. Second end 14 is a rearward end and will comprise a rear, abutting panel 70 also as discussed in detail later herein. Air filter 1 and pleated filter assembly 10 thereof will also comprise first and second opposing, corrugated edges 17, which are termed “secondary” opposing edges.
[0049] Pleated filter assembly 10 will exhibit a pleat height, a pleat spacing, and a pleat distance, all as will be well understood by artisans in the field. These parameters are described in detail in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2023 / 0372854 (and are indicated in Fig. 5 thereof) , which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The pleat distance is the distance along an individual pleat-panel from fold line to fold line (e.g. from an upper pleat tip 23 to a lower pleat tip 25) and is established when the individual pleat-panels are defined (e.g. by imparting fold lines into filter media 15 and biasing layer 80) and will not change thereafter. The pleat height, and in particular the pleat spacing, will vary depending on the degree to which the pleated filter assembly 10 is expanded or compacted. All such parameters will be understood to be measured with the pleated filter assembly in an at-rest, expanded condition, unless otherwise indicated. In various embodiments, a pleated filter assembly 10 may exhibit a pleat spacing of from 3, 5, 7 or 9 mm, to 30, 20, 15, or 12 mm. In various embodiments, a pleated filter assembly 10 may exhibit a pleat height of at least 15, 20, 25, or 30 mm. In further embodiments, a pleated filter assembly 10 may exhibit a pleat height of at most 100, 70, 40, 30, or 20 mm.
[0050] Pleated filter assembly 10 will comprise a length along the expansion-compaction direction Dec, and a width along the pleat direction Dp, that are considerably greater than the local thickness of the pleated filter assembly 10 air filter and its filter media 15. Herein, the term “width” is used for the dimension of pleated filter assembly 10 along the pleat direction Dp; the term “length” is used for the dimension of pleated filter assembly 10 along its expansion-compaction direction Dec. These terms are used purely for convenience of description; the “length” of pleated filter assembly 10 need not necessarily be greater than its “width” . In fact, the air inlet 102 of an indoor air-handling unit 100 of a mini-split air-conditioning system often has a lateral “width” that is much greater than its forward-rearward “length” . To be configured to be installed atop such an air inlet, a pleated filter assembly 10 (and air filter 1 as a whole) will often have a “width” that is greater than its “length” . In various embodiments, an air filter 1 as disclosed herein may exhibit a “width” / “length” aspect ratio (when in an at-rest, expanded condition) of from 1.5: 1 to 5: 1.
[0051] Filter media 15 of air filter 1 may have any suitable composition. In some embodiments, filter media may be, or include, a nonwoven material such as e.g. a meltspun / spunbonded nonwoven web or a meltblown nonwoven web. In some embodiments, filter media may comprise fiberglass fibers. In some embodiments, the filter media may be configured to perform air filtration so as to remove particulates from a stream of moving air. Nonwoven webs which may be used as, or as a layer, of, air filter media can be a high loft spunbond web, such as described, for example, in U.S. Patent 8162153. In some embodiments, the filter media can be, or include, a low loft spunbond web, such as those described in U.S. Patent 7947142. In some embodiments, the filter media 15 is not electrostatically charged. In other embodiments, an electrostatic charge is optionally imparted into or on to material (s) of the filter media. Thus, the filter media can be an electret nonwoven web. Electric charge can be imparted to the filter media in a variety of ways as is well known in the art, for example by hydrocharging, corona charging, etc. (e.g. as described in U.S. Patent 7947142) . In some embodiments, an electret web may be a tribocharged web that comprises electrostatically charged staple fibers. In many embodiments, electret filter media of the general type in air filters available from 3M Company, St. Paul, MN, under the trade designation FILTRETE MPR 700 Dust, Pollen &Pet Dander Reduction, may be satisfactory.
[0052] In various embodiments, filter media 15 may exhibit any suitable stiffness. Stiffness of filter media 15 (in the absence of biasing layer 80) can be characterized by way of a Gurley stiffness, measured according to the apparatus and procedures described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2022 / 0266180, which is incorporated by reference herein for this purpose. In various embodiments, filter media 15 may exhibit a Gurley stiffness of less than 1500, 1000, 600, 400, or 200 mg. In some embodiments, the filter media may exhibit a Gurley stiffness of at least 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, or 150 mg. In some embodiments, filter media 15 may comprise sufficient resiliency so as to exhibit at least a slight tendency to unfold along the fold lines of the pleated filter media. In such a case, filter media 15 may contribute at least somewhat to the herein-disclosed expansive biasing of pleated filter assembly 10. However, it is expected that in many embodiments the vast majority of the expansive biasing will be contributed by the biasing layer 80.
[0053] Biasing layer
[0054] In at least some embodiments, pleated filter assembly 10 will comprise a pleated biasing layer 80. Such a biasing layer is, by definition, a layer of material that is permanently attached (e.g. laminated) to the layer of filter media 15 to form pleated filter assembly 10. The purpose of biasing layer 80 is to impart the resulting pleated filter assembly 10 with the property of being expansively biased as disclosed herein. By definition, biasing layer 80 is co-pleated with filter media 15, meaning that the biasing layer is attached to the layer of filter media, after which both layers are pleated in the same pleating operation. A biasing layer 80 will thus be attached to surfaces of individual pleat-panels 22 of pleated media 15 rather than being, e.g., attached only to the pleat tips. In some embodiments, a biasing layer 80 may be on the upper side 11 of pleated filter assembly 10; in some embodiments, biasing layers 80 may be on both the upper side 11 and the lower side 12. However, in a presently preferred embodiment, a biasing layer 80 will be present only on lower side 12 of pleated filter assembly 10.
[0055] An isolated plan view of a single pleat-panel 22 that comprises a layer of filter media 15 and a biasing layer 80 bonded thereto is presented in Fig. 10. In the depicted embodiment of Fig. 10, biasing layer 80 is in the form of a layer of mesh, screen, or the like, that is collectively provided by filaments 81 that define through-openings 82, and that exhibits a very high (e.g., greater than 80, 90, 95, or 98 %) open area so as to be highly air-transmissive. In various embodiments, the filaments may be arranged so that openings 82 exhibit a size generally in the range of e.g. 1-3 cm by 1-3 cm, and / or to each have an open area of approximately 1-9 cm2. In some embodiments, such a mesh may be comprised of metal filaments and may be e.g. adhesively bonded to a major surface of filter media 15. Such bonding may be achieved e.g. by adhesive lamination of the wire mesh to the filter media while both items are not yet pleated (and are e.g. in a roll or jumbo format) , with the bonded layers then being co-pleated thereafter. The individual filaments of the wire mesh may have any suitable cross-sectional size and shape. In some embodiments the individual filaments may be generally oval or rectangular in cross-sectional shape, so that each filament has a major side that is relatively wide so as to be easily coated with an adhesive (e.g. a pressure-sensitive adhesive) that allows the adhesive-coated major side of the wire mesh to be bonded to a major surface of the filter media. In various embodiments, such filaments may have a diameter (or equivalent diameter, e.g. in the case of filaments that have an oval or rectangular cross-sectional shape) , of from 0.1 to 1.2 mm. The filaments may be comprised of any material (e.g. a suitable metal such as iron, steel, stainless steel, spring steel, etc. ) that, e.g. in combination with the geometric arrangement of the filaments, exhibits requisite resilience (colloquially, “springiness” ) to provide the desired expansive biasing. Ordinary artisans will understand that certain materials that do not possess the requisite resilience (e.g., so-called “dead soft” metals such as certain grades of aluminum) may not be preferred.
[0056] In some exemplary embodiments, wire mesh of the general type found in the air filters available from 3M Company, St. Paul, MN, under the trade designation FILTRETE MPR 1000 Allergen Defense, and under the trade designation MPR 1550 Allergen, Bacteria &Virus, may be satisfactory (noting in passing that FILTRETE MPR 1000 and 1550 air filters, and many conventional air filters that similarly use wire meshes, are framed air filters that are not disclosed as being expandable or contractable and that use their wire meshes for the purpose of stabilizing the pleats at an in-use pleat-spacing that is time-invariant and that is uniform along the length of the pleated media) .
[0057] In some embodiments, a biasing layer 80 may be comprised of a non-metal material; for example, biasing layer 80 may take the form of a netting of organic polymeric material of suitable composition and properties. In some embodiments, such a polymeric netting may comprise through-openings of a smaller size than those listed above for metal meshes; for example, a polymeric netting may comprise through-openings of a size ranging from 10 to 100 mm2.
[0058] The co-pleating of filter media 15 and biasing layer 80 can be performed so that the resulting pleated filter assembly 10 exhibits a prechosen at-rest condition. The pleated filter assembly can then be further processed (e.g. a front, securing panel 50 can be formed, a rear, abutting panel 70 can be formed, etc. ) , and the resulting air filter can be packaged (e.g. in a compacted condition if desired) . The resiliency of biasing layer 80 will ensure that air filter 1 will remain expansively biased during storage, shipping, display-for-sale, and so on. The air filter will be configured so that the expanded, at-rest condition of the air filter is greater than the actual length that the air filter will exhibit when installed atop an air-handling unit in the manner described herein, so that the air filter, as installed, will be in a state of compression. However, the expansive biasing will be such that air filter 1, as installed atop unit 100, is not subjected to a compressive force that is so large as to cause air filter 1 to deform (colloquially, “pooch” ) upward so as to develop a large vertical gap between the underside of air filter 1 and air inlet 102. The at-rest length of pleated filter assembly 10 relative to the forward-rearward length of air inlets 102 of commonly-used indoor air-handling units 100, can likewise be chosen so that air filter 1, as installed, is not held in such a highly-compacted (and thus tightly-compressed) condition that the expansive biasing causes any upward pooching. The present investigations have found that this can be achieved even when air filter 1 is installed atop an indoor air-handling unit 100 with an upper portion 104 that is arcuate (e.g. in the general manner of unit 100 as shown in Fig. 1) such that air filter 1 is naturally formed into an arcuate shape in being installed atop such a unit 100. Rather, air filter 1 will remain securely in place atop unit 100 with the underside of air filter 1 in contact with portions of lattice 106 of air inlet 102. The exemplary air filter 1 shown in Fig. 8 thus illustrates how an air filter 1 can conform to an arcuate upper portion 104 of an air-handling unit; it does not depict an air filter 1 that has undesirably deformed or pooched away from a relatively flat upper portion of an air-handling unit.
[0059] Filter media 15 and biasing layer 80 will both exhibit a “width” in a direction that is parallel to the above-described pleat direction Dp after the pleating is performed. In some embodiments, biasing layer 80 may be configured so that the width of biasing layer 80 is less than the width of filter media 15. In other words, in some embodiments the secondary edges of biasing layer 80 will stop short of the secondary (corrugated) edges 17 of filter media 15, as is the case for the exemplary arrangement shown in Fig. 10. In such a case, the opposing secondary ends of filter media 15 will comprise a secondary edge area 18 of “extra” material that extends (along the pleat direction of the pleated filter assembly) beyond the secondary edges of the biasing layer. In various embodiments, the secondary edges 17 of filter media 15 may extend outward beyond the secondary edges of the biasing layer a distance of at least 2, 4, 8, 12 or 16 mm. In further embodiments, secondary edges 17 of filter media 15 may extend outward beyond secondary edges 17 of biasing layer 80, a distance of no more than 40, 35, 30, 25, or 20 mm.
[0060] In some embodiments, any such secondary edge areas 19 of filter media 15 may be left in their extended condition in an air filter 1 as supplied to an end-user. In some embodiments, secondary edge areas 19 may be left in that condition by the end-user; or, they may be edge-folded by the end-user to at least partially block lower pleat valleys in the general manner discussed later herein. In some embodiments, secondary edge areas 19 of the filter media 15 may be inwardly factory-folded (e.g. before the filter media and biasing layer are co-pleated) along fold lines that are parallel to the expansion-compaction direction Dec of air filter 1. By such methods, secondary edge areas 19 can be inwardly folded onto edge areas of the biasing-layer-bearing area of filter media 15 so that the secondary edges of biasing layer 80 are covered by the folded secondary edge areas 19 of the filter media 15. In some embodiments, any such secondary edge areas 19 of filter media 15 may be factory-folded (e.g. after the filter media and biasing layer are co-pleated) along folding lines that are parallel to the pleat direction Dp of air filter 1, e.g. to block lower pleat valleys as discussed later herein. In general, the presence of any such folds will not cause problems with the expansive biasing and / or with the ability to expand and / or compact the pleated filter assembly.
[0061] In some embodiments, biasing layer 80 may be provided on all of the individual pleat-panels 22 of pleated filter media 15 of pleated filter assembly 10. In other words, in some embodiments biasing layer 80 may extend the entire length (along expansion-compaction direction Dec) of the pleated filter assembly, from forward end 13 to rearward end 14. However, this need not necessarily be the case. All that is necessary is for biasing layer 80 to be present in sufficient amount to provide the desired expansive biasing to the pleated filter assembly. Thus in various embodiments, biasing layer 80 may be present along at least 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, or essentially 100 %of the length of pleated filter assembly 10. If there are any portion or portions of pleated filter media 15 that do not have biasing layer 80 attached thereto, such a portion can have any suitable configuration. For example, such a portion can be configured to have a relatively stable pleat spacing; or, it can be configured to be rather limp, e.g., so that it is expandable and compactable, but does not exhibit any actual expansive biasing. (Of course, no such portion should be so limp that it will e.g. collapse under the pressure of an impinging air stream. ) It is noted again that the purpose of any biasing layer 80 is to provide expansive biasing as disclosed herein. The purpose of any such biasing layer is not to stiffen or rigidify the pleated filter assembly 10; in particular, such a biasing layer should not stiffen the pleated filter assembly 10 to the point that assembly 10 cannot conform to an air-handling unit housing 101 that is curved.
[0062] Pleats can be formed in filter media 15 and biasing layer 80 attached thereto (so as to form a co-pleated structure) in any suitable manner. Such pleating may use any of various methods and components as are well known in the art, for example those described in U.S. Patents 6740137 and 7622063. In particular embodiments, the pleats may be formed using a push-bar pleater or using a folding blade style pleater. In some embodiments, a post-pleating process may be performed (e.g., a pleated filter assembly may be held in a suitable fixture at a desired, e.g. highly compacted, pleat spacing) to augment or further adjust the at-rest length and pleat-spacing of the pleated filter assembly, in order to set these parameters to appropriate ranges. In some embodiments, the pleating may be performed so that the thus-formed pleats exhibit upper pleat tips 23 and lower pleat tips 25 that are relatively sharp, e.g. so that the pleat tips exhibit an average radius of curvature (measured on the inside of each pleat tip) of less than 4, 3, 2 or 1 mm.
[0063] Front, securing panel
[0064] As noted earlier herein, a front, securing panel 50 of air filter 1 can be detachably secured to an outside surface 107 of housing 101 of indoor air-handling unit 100, in order to install, and maintain, air filter 1 in position atop unit 100. A front, securing panel 50 can be provided in a variety of ways. However provided, a front, securing panel 50 may comprise a lower major surface 51 to which is attached a detachable securing mechanism 52 that is configured to be detachably secured to housing 101.
[0065] In some embodiments, such a detachable securing mechanism may take the form of an elongate strip of double-faced pressure-sensitive adhesive. One face of the double-faced adhesive is attached (e.g. at the factory) to lower major surface 51 of securing panel 50. The other face may be used (e.g. after removal of a factory-installed release liner) to bond the adhesive, and thus panel 50, to outside surface 107 of housing 101 of unit 100. In some embodiments, such double-faced pressure-sensitive adhesive may be removable, e.g. it may comprise a stretch-releasable adhesive of the general type described e.g. in U.S. Patents 4024312, 5516581, and 7824753. In some particular embodiments, such a double-faced pressure-sensitive adhesive may be repositionable (in addition to being removable) . Repositionable adhesive compositions are disclosed e.g. in U.S Patents 4166152, 4495318, 5045569, and 5571617. Any such adhesive, when present on a lower major surface 51 of a securing panel 50 of an air filter 1, may be adhesively bonded to an outside surface 107 of a housing 101 of an air-handling unit 100 in order to secure air filter 1 in place atop unit 100. In some embodiments, any such double-faced pressure-sensitive adhesive may be configured to exhibit differential adhesion, with higher adhesion to securing panel 50 of air filter 1 and with lower adhesion to outside surface 107 of housing 101. (Such products include those of the general type available from 3M Company under the trade designation 3M REMOVABLE REPOSITIONABLE DOUBLE COATED TAPE 9425. ) This can provide that when an air filter 1 is removed for replacement, the adhesive is removed along with the air filter. With some such adhesives, the lower-adhesion (removable) adhesive may be repositionable (as with 3M Tape 9425) , thus allowing the securing panel to be detached from an initially-adhesively-bonded position on housing 101, moved to a more-suitable position, and reattached to the housing at that position.
[0066] In other embodiments, front, securing panel 50 may comprise a detachable securing mechanism 52 that operates in combination with a securing structure 90 that is detachably attached to outside surface 107 of housing 101 of unit 100, with detachable securing mechanism 52 then detachably attaching in turn to securing structure 90. Exemplary securing structures 90 are depicted generic representation in Figs. 1-3. In some embodiments, such an arrangement may use a detachable securing mechanism 52 that comprises a mechanical area-fastener, and that operates in combination with a securing structure 90 that comprises a securing element 91 in the form of a complementary mechanical area-fastener to which the mechanical area-fastener of detachable securing mechanism 52 can detachably fasten. By a mechanical area-fastener is meant a fastener that comprises a relatively large area (e.g., of at least 100 square mm) ; a mechanical area-fastener is distinguished from mechanical point-fasteners such as staples, pins, thumbtacks, and so on.
[0067] A prototypical mechanical area-fastener is a hook-and-loop fastener. Thus in some embodiments, a securing structure 90 may comprise a securing element 91 in the form of a hook layer that is backed by a pressure-sensitive adhesive (indicated generally by reference number 92) so that the hook layer can be adhesively attached to surface 107 of housing 101. (Auser can thus install securing structure 90 at a desired location on housing 101 of unit 100, as a preliminary step before securing air filter 1 on unit 100. ) Front, securing panel 50 of air filter 1 can in turn comprise a securing mechanism 52 in the form of a loop layer that is attached (e.g. by way of being adhesive-backed, or by ultrasonic bonding, stitching, etc. ) to securing panel 50. With such an arrangement, air filter 1 can be positioned as desired and the loop layer of securing mechanism 52 can be firmly pushed onto the hook layer of securing structure 90, to perform the desired securing.
[0068] In some embodiments, the above exemplary arrangement can be reversed, so that securing structure 90 comprises a securing element in the form of a loop layer, with securing mechanism 52 of air filter 1 correspondingly comprising a hook layer. In still further variations, multiple, individual patches of securing mechanism 52 may be provided on securing panel 50, and / or multiple, individual patches of securing structure 90 may be mounted on housing 101 of unit 100. In still other variations, some other type of mechanical area-fastener (not a hook and loop) may be used. In some embodiments, such a mechanical area-fastener may take the form of a pair of strips comprising pins or posts with enlarged (e.g. generally mushroom-shaped) heads that can reversibly interlock so that the strips can be mated together and detached from each other multiple times. Any such mechanical area-fastener of this general type will be referred to herein as an interlocking mechanical area-fastener (Each such strip may have e.g. a pressure-sensitive adhesive so that the strip can be attached to housing 101 of unit 100; and / or, it may be configured to be attached to a front, securing panel 50 by any suitable method. ) Interlocking mechanical area-fasteners of this general type are exemplified by the products available from 3M Company, St. Paul, MN, under the trade designation DUAL-LOCK. Other potentially useful mechanical area-fasteners are disclosed in U.S. Patents 4875259, 5201101, 5344177, 5360270, and 6223401.
[0069] In some embodiments, a front end pleat-panel 31 of pleated filter assembly 10 may be configured to serve as a securing panel 50. For example, a strip of double-faced adhesive may be attached to a major face of front end pleat-panel 31; or, a strip of mechanical area-fastener may be attached thereto. In some such embodiments, the front end pleat-panel 31 may be stiffened or reinforced (e.g. it may be impregnated with a liquid resin that is then solidified; or, a piece of sheetlike reinforcing material may be laminated or otherwise attached thereto) to facilitate such arrangements. In some such embodiments, filter media 15 itself (in front end pleat-panel 31) may be able to serve as a loop layer of a securing mechanism 52, if filter media 15 is of a fibrous nature that facilitates such an arrangement. In such a case, an added loop layer on front end pleat-panel 31 may not be needed.
[0070] However, in many embodiments, a separately-made entity may be attached to front end pleat-panel 31 with the separately-made entity serving as, or otherwise providing, the front, securing panel 50. Such an arrangement is shown in generic representation in Fig. 5. In the depicted arrangement, securing panel 50 is formed from a piece 53 of sheetlike securing material (which may be e.g. chipboard, plastic, etc., of a suitable thickness and dimensions) that has a first segment 54 that is attached to a major face (in the depicted case, to an outward / front face) of front end pleat-panel 31. Segment 54 may be attached to pleat-panel 31 in any desired manner, e.g. by a pressure-sensitive adhesive, by a hot-melt adhesive, by a water-based adhesive (e.g. a water-based polyvinyl-acetate adhesive of the type commonly referred to as “white glue” ) , by ultrasonic bonding, by one or more mechanical fasteners such as staples, and so on. Piece 53 further comprises a second segment 55 that provides front, securing panel 50. In the depicted arrangement, second segment 55 is directly connected to first segment 54; in fact, second segment 55 integrally extends from an end of first segment 54. However, in some cases, a second segment 55 that provides a securing panel 50 may be indirectly connected to a first segment 54 that is attached to front end pleat-panel 31, as discussed below.
[0071] A lower major surface 51 of second segment 55 may have a detachable securing mechanism 52 (e.g., a layer of double-faced adhesive, a hook layer, a loop layer, an interlocking mechanical area-fastener, etc. ) attached thereto in similar manner as described above. Any such securing mechanism 52 may be secured directly to housing 101 of unit 100 (e.g. if the securing mechanism comprises a double-faced pressure-sensitive adhesive) ; or, may be secured to a securing structure 90 that is in turn detachably secured to housing 101 of unit 100 in the general manner outlined above.
[0072] A front, securing panel 50 may have any suitable dimensions. In particular, the dimension of such a panel 50 along the expansion-contraction direction Dec (with panel 50 oriented as in Fig. 5) may range from e.g. 1 or 2 cm, to 8, 6, 4 or 3 cm. This dimension of panel 50 may also be characterized in terms of the ratio of this dimension to the previously-described pleat distance. In various embodiments, a front, securing panel 50 may have such a dimension that ranges from 20, 40, 60, or 80 %of the pleat distance, to at most 300, 200, or 100 %of the pleat distance.
[0073] In some embodiments, front, securing panel 50, in whatever form it is provided, may be pivotably movable relative to front end pleat-panel 31 through an arc of partial rotation (indicated by double-headed arrow 58 in Fig. 5) , about a pivot axis that is parallel to the pleat direction Dp of the pleated filter assembly 10.In various embodiments, panel 50 may be able to pivot through an arc of partial rotation of at least 40, 80, 120, or 160 degrees. Such arrangements may be provided, for example, by having the above-mentioned second segment 55 of piece 53 be connected to first segment 54 of piece 53, via a fold line 57 that allows second segment 55 to be pivoted relative to first segment 54. Such arrangements can provide that panel 50 can be manipulated (pivoted) into an orientation that allows securing mechanism 52 to be brought into contact with securing structure 90 that is on housing 101 (or, brought into direct contact with outside surface 107 of housing 101) , regardless of the particular geometric orientation of the area of housing 101 that securing mechanism 52 is to be secured to. (In some embodiments, panel 50 may be able to rotate through an arc of partial rotation of 180 degrees; such arrangements may allow panel 50 to be folded flush against end pleat-panel 31, thus allowing air filter 1 to be compacted into a very compact form e.g. for packaging, as illustrated in Fig. 6. )
[0074] Such arrangements can enhance the ability of air filter 1 to be installed on a variety of indoor air-handling units 100. As evident from Figs. 1-4, indoor air-handling units 100 as available from various manufacturers can exhibit a variety of shapes and profiles. For example, housing 101 of unit 100 as shown in Fig. 1 exhibits a somewhat rounded upper portion 104 that smoothly curves into front portion 105 of housing 101. In contrast, with units 100 of the general type shown in Figs. 3 and 4, upper portion 104 is rather flat and transitions to front portion 105 by way of a sharp corner. Unit 100 as depicted in Fig. 2 is intermediate between these two designs.
[0075] Such variations being the norm, the location 110 of housing 101 that is most suitable for mounting securing structure 90 thereon (or, for directly attaching securing mechanism 52 thereto) may vary with different air-handling units 100. For example, in some embodiments, an optimum location 110 may be on an upper portion 104 of housing 101, directly in front of the front edge 111 of air inlet 102, as in the exemplary depictions of Figs. 3, 4 and 7. In other embodiments, an optimum location 110 may be toward the top of front portion 105 of housing 101, as in the exemplary depiction of Fig. 2. In other embodiments, an optimum location 110 may be intermediate between these two, as in the exemplary depiction of Fig. 1. Providing securing panel 50 with the ability to pivot as described above and as generically illustrated in Fig. 5, can allow securing panel 50 to be closely abutted against a desired mounting location 110, regardless of the particular orientation and location of the desired mounting location 110 (as dictated by the shape and configuration of the housing 101 of the air-handling unit 100) . Such pivotability may be achieved e.g. by providing a fold line e.g. at the junction of segments 54 and 55, as enabled e.g. by cut-scoring, crease-scoring, perforation, etc., or by any combination thereof. In some embodiments, such a fold line may be a fully formed fold line that allows segment 55 to easily pivot (bodily, as a whole) relative to segment 54.
[0076] In a variation of such approaches, in some embodiments a front, securing panel 50 may be provided in a particular angular orientation, and may be relatively stable in that orientation (e.g., it cannot be pivoted away from that orientation by a small amount of force) , but may be manipulable if subjected to a larger amount of force, in order to render panel 40 pivotable if needed in certain instances. Thus for example, an air filter 1 may be configured so that front, securing panel 50 (as provided by segment 55 of piece 53) extends generally in the same plane as an end pleat-panel 31 from which panel 50 extends. When air filter 1 is installed atop an air-handling unit, panel 50 may be automatically positioned and oriented (e.g., extending generally downward) to bond to a desired mounting location 110 of the type shown in Fig. 2.
[0077] Piece 53 may include a line of weakness e.g. between first and second segments 54 and 55. Rather than being a fully-formed fold line (e.g. as with the above-described fold line 57) , such a line of weakness (as provided e.g. by partial scoring, by widely spaced perforations, etc. ) can provide an incipient fold line, so that an end-user can grasp segment 55 and apply sufficient force to pivot segment 55 (bodily, as a whole) relative to segment 54. This will “break” (but not fully sever) the existing connections along the line of weakness to transform the line of weakness into a fully-formed fold line 57. With a fully-formed fold line having thus been established, segment 55 may now be pivoted to any desired angular configuration, e.g. to a configuration as shown in Fig. 5. Segment 55 is now positioned so that when air filter 1 is installed atop an air-handling unit, segment 55 is suitably oriented (e.g. extending generally horizontally) to bond to a desired mounting location 110 of the type shown in Fig. 3. Or, segment 55 may be pivoted to an intermediate configuration in which it is suitably positioned and oriented to bond to a desired mounting location 110 of the type shown in Fig. 1.
[0078] In some embodiments, a front, securing panel 50 may be provided in the general manner illustrated in Fig. 9. In the depicted arrangement, a piece 63 of sheetlike securing material is attached to front end pleat-panel 31 of pleated filter assembly 10. Piece 63 comprises a first, outward segment 64 that is attached to an outward (forward) face of front end pleat-panel 31, a second, inward segment 65 that is attached to an inward (rearward) face of front end pleat-panel 31, a forward-upper segment 66 that integrally extends from a lower end of first, outward segment 64, and a forward-lower 67 segment that integrally extends from a lower end of second, inward segment 65. Forward-upper and forward-lower segments 66 and 67, which integrally meet at forward tip 68, collectively provide front, securing panel 50, with forward-lower segment 67 comprising a lower major surface 69 that provides the lower major surface 51 of securing panel 50. A securing mechanism 52 can be attached to the lower face of forward-lower segment 67 (as shown in Fig. 9) in any of the ways described earlier herein.
[0079] In such an arrangement, the piece 63 of sheet-like securing material may be provided (e.g. by scoring, perforating, etc. ) with fold lines at the locations where the various segments integrally meet. A fold line that connects segments 66 and 67 may be a fully formed fold line, such that segments 66 and 67 are (e.g. at the factory) folded flat or nearly-flat against each other (as in the depicted arrangement of Fig. 9) . In some embodiments, a fold line that connects segments 64 and 66, and a fold line that connects segments 65 and 67, can likewise each be a fully formed fold line, located and configured so that they combine to allow the thus-formed securing panel 50 (comprised of segments 66 and 67) to pivot in the general manner discussed above. In a variation of such arrangements, a fold line that connects segments 64 and 66, and a fold line that connects segments 65 and 67, can each be an incipient fold line as provided by a line of weakness. In such an arrangement, segment 66 can be at least generally coplanar with segment 64, and segment 67 can similarly be at least generally coplanar with segment 65, so that the resulting panel 50 extends generally along the plane of end pleat-panel 31. Panel 50 will be stably held in this configuration until such time as an end-user desires to “break” the incipient fold lines to transform them into fully formed fold lines that allow panel 50 to be pivotably moved to any desired orientation.
[0080] The above discussions illustrate the variety of forms that a front, securing panel can take and the variety of ways in which such a panel can be secured to an air-handling unit 100. In still other variations, a front, securing panel 50 may comprise a detachable securing mechanism 52 in the form of one or more flexible securing members (e.g., in the form of elongate ribbons) . Noting that air-handling units 100 of mini-split air-conditioners typically have a front cover that is openable (e.g., is hingedly openable or is separable from the rest of housing 101) , such a flexible securing member can be tucked into an interior space within housing 101 that is revealed when the front cover is opened or removed. The front cover can then be closed, thus pinning the securing member between a portion of the front cover and an adjoining portion of the housing. It is noted that such arrangements do not necessarily require the presence of, e.g., adhesive tape or a mechanical area-fastener.
[0081] In some embodiments, a front, securing panel 50 may comprise a detachable securing mechanism in the form of one or more (e.g. two, three, four, or more) rigid securing members. In some embodiments, each such rigid securing member may take the general form of an elongate member that extends from a panel (e.g., panel 54 as shown in Fig. 5) that is mounted on end pleat-panel 31. (An exemplary rigid securing member 93 is depicted in generic representation in Fig. 6. ) Any such elongate members may be factory-installed; e.g. they may each extend integrally from panel 54. Or, each may be a separate piece of e.g. chipboard that is factory-attached to panel 54 (e.g. by staples, adhesive bonding, ultrasonic welding, etc. ) . In some embodiments, such elongate members may be provided to an end-user (e.g. as part of a kit) e.g. for optional attachment to panel 50 if desired. However provided, one or more of any such securing members 93 may be tucked (e.g. generally downward) into an air inlet 102 of an air-handling unit 100, e.g. at a location just inside the front edge 111 of the air inlet 102. One or more such members will thus be in a securing position in which the member is abutted against front edge 111 of air inlet 102, and can serve to hold the forward end 13 of air filter 1 in place at its proper location. Such arrangements may not require the presence of an adhesive or a mechanical area-fastener (although any such securing member 93 may be equipped with such if desired) .
[0082] A potential issue with such an approach is that a rigid securing member may impinge on a strut of a previously-mentioned lattice 106 that covers air inlet 102, thus preventing the securing member from entering air inlet 102 in the desired manner. Any such issue may be mitigated e.g. by providing several (e.g., two, three, four, or more) rigid securing members. Any rigid securing member that happens to be positioned so that it impinges on a strut, can be moved out of the way (e.g. it can be positioned so that it generally overlies air inlet 102 and / or a portion of housing 101 close to air inlet 102 rather then extending into air inlet 102) , can be folded or bent out of the way, or can be torn off. (All such operations are encompassed by the generic terminology of a rigid securing member being “deflected” so as to not enter air inlet 102. ) As long as a sufficient number (e.g., one, two, three or more) of rigid securing members are able to be placed in securing positions within air inlet 102, the non-use or removal of other rigid securing members will be of no consequence. Of course, in some instances it may be possible to simply laterally slide air filter 1 a small amount to the right or left, so as to move a strut-blocked rigid securing member away from the blocking strut, without bringing any other rigid securing member into a strut-blocked position. Once again, such arrangements do not necessarily require the presence of, e.g., adhesive tape or a mechanical area-fastener.
[0083] Any such arrangement of flexible and / or rigid securing members may be used instead of, or as an adjunct to, any of the previously-discussed arrangements. For example, a front, securing panel 50 may have a detachable securing mechanism in the form of a double-faced adhesive and / or a mechanical area-fastener, and may additionally have one or more flexible and / or rigid securing members that can be optionally used if the housing and front cover of the air-handling unit are configured in a way that allows such securing members to be used.
[0084] Filter life indicator
[0085] In embodiments in which a piece of sheetlike securing material 53 that is used to provide a securing panel 50, has a segment 54 that is attached to a major face of front end pleat-panel 31 in the general manner depicted in Fig. 5 (or, in which a piece of such material is attached to front end pleat-panel 31 to reinforce it for use as a securing panel 50) , further arrangements can be advantageously used. For example, one or more through-holes 56 may be provided in segment 54, through which an area 16 of filter media 15 of front end pleat-panel 31 is exposed as evident in Fig. 5. Any such exposed area 16 of filter media 15 can serve as a filter life indicator. That is, as air filter 1 remains in place atop unit 100, filtering ambient air, filter media 15 will gradually darken (e.g., it will change from a generally white or off-white appearance to a dark grey appearance due to the accumulation of particles) . Since the indoor air-handling units 100 of mini-split air-conditioners are typically mounted high on a wall (indeed, very close to the ceiling as noted earlier) , this change in the color of filter media 15 may not be easily apparent unless the user e.g. climbs a ladder or stepstool. The exception to this is area 16, which, being at the very front of air filter 1, may be easily visible without the necessity of e.g. climbing a ladder. The gradual discoloration of area (s) 16 e.g. over weeks to a few months, can thus serve as an easily-visually-ascertainable indication of the remaining useful life of air filter 1.
[0086] To enhance such arrangements, in some embodiments the front face of (at least) segment 54 of securing panel 50 may be generally white or off-white in appearance, e.g. by way of at least one major surface of piece 53 (of which segment 54 is a portion) being rendered white or off-white in appearance. This can be done e.g. by coating the appropriate major surface (or both major surfaces) of piece 53 with a white-pigmented coating (e.g., comprising titanium dioxide, barium sulphate, kaolin clay, or like materials) . In some embodiments, this may be achieved by way of piece 53 being a sheetlike piece of chipboard (paperboard) of the general type known as solid bleached board (SBB) , solid bleached sulphate (SBS) , or clay-coated recycled board (CRB) ; such chipboard materials can typically be obtained with a white surface layer (e.g. a coating) on one or both major surfaces thereof. In further embodiments, a color-scale can be provided on the front face of segment 54, e.g. with reference areas ranging from off white to light gray to dark gray, indicative of various states of the air filter. Even if a filter life indicator of the above-described type is not included in air filter 1, in some embodiments it still may be desired to use coated materials of this general type for front, securing panel 50, e.g. for cosmetic or aesthetic reasons. For example, in some embodiments, it may be desirable that the front face (and in general, any visible faces) of securing panel 50 be colored white or off-white, since the housings of many air-handling units 100 are of such a color.
[0087] With reference to Figs. 5 and 9, in order for an above-described arrangement to most effectively provide an indication of the filter condition, the air that passes through area 16 of filter media 15 after flowing through through-hole 56 of segment 54, should enter a lower pleat valley 26 rather than an upper pleat valley 24. Specifically, such air should enter front-most lower pleat valley 35 as denoted in Figs. 5 and 9.Thus in some embodiments, the front end pleat-panel 31 that comprises such an arrangement will have a terminus 32 that is a lower terminus, with an upper end of front end pleat-panel 31 being integrally connected to front penultimate pleat-panel 34 at an upper pleat tip 33, both as shown in Figs. 5 and 9. Such a filter life indicator can be used in arrangements of the general type shown in Fig. 9. Although not visible in Fig. 9, a through-hole 56 may be provided in first (outward) segment 64, and second (inward) segment 65 may stop short in the manner shown in Fig. 9 so that it does not occlude the thus-exposed area 16 of filter media 15. Another option is to provide a through-hole in second segment 65 that is aligned with the through-hole 56 that is present in first segment 64.
[0088] In some embodiments, a spacer element may be provided in pleat-valley 35, whether in the form of a local spacer element that is proximate to the through-hole or holes, or in the form of a strip that extends along a considerable portion of pleat-valley 35. Such a spacer may ensure that pleat-valley 35 does not e.g. partially close to an extent that might affect the reliability of the filter life indicator. Such a spacer may be, e.g., a relatively air-transmissive material such as e.g. an open-celled foam, a reticulated foam or netting, etc.
[0089] Rear, abutting panel
[0090] In some embodiments, air filter 1 may comprise a rear, abutting panel 70 that is configured to be abutted against a surface that is rearward of rear edge 112 of air inlet 102 of unit 100. In some embodiments, the surface against which panel 70 will abut will be an area 201 of wall 200 at the rear of air-handling unit 100. However, in some embodiments such a surface may be an area 120 of outside surface 107 of housing 101, area 120 being rearward of the rear edge 112 of air inlet 102 as indicated in general manner in Fig. 4.
[0091] In some embodiments, a rear end pleat-panel 41 may serve, as-is, as a rear, abutting panel 70. In some embodiments, rear end pleat-panel 41 may be treated, e.g. impregnated with a liquid resin that is then hardened, to impart rear end pleat-panel 41 with any desired stiffness. In some embodiments, rear end pleat-panel 41 may have a separately-made entity attached thereto in order to provide rear, abutting panel 70. Thus in the exemplary design depicted in Fig. 9, a piece 71 of sheetlike abutting material can be attached to rear end pleat-panel 41. In some embodiments, piece 71 may have only a single segment that is mounted on the front (inward) or rear (outward) major face of rear end pleat-panel 41. However, in the depicted embodiment, piece 71 comprises a first segment 72 on the front (inward) major face of pleat-panel 41, and a second segment 73 that is mounted on the rear (outward) major face of pleat-panel 41, with first and second segments 72 and 73 (along with rear end pleat-panel 41 sandwiched therebetween) collectively providing rear, abutting panel 70. In the depicted embodiment, first and second segments 72 and 73 wrap around the terminus 42 of rear end pleat-panel 41 so as to form a terminus (in this case, a lower terminus) 74 of rear, abutting panel 70. It is noted that arranging rear piece 71 in this wrap-around manner, and arranging front piece 53 likewise in a wrap-around manner (both as evident in Fig. 9) , can ensure that, e.g. if biasing layer 80 does extend to the very rear and front ends of pleated filter media 15, the rear and front ends of biasing layer 80 are respectively covered by wrapped-around pieces 71 and 53 rather than being exposed.
[0092] With air filter 1 installed atop an air-handling unit 100 as described herein, rear, abutting panel 70 will reside rearwardly of rear edge 112 of air-inlet 102. In many such cases, a lower terminus 74 of rear, abutting panel 70 may naturally end up abutting against an area 201 of wall 200 that is at a corner where the rear of unit 100 meets wall 200, as illustrated in exemplary manner in Fig. 7. However, the exact location does not necessarily matter, as long as it is sufficiently rearward to provide that pleated filter assembly 10 extends over air-inlet 102 at least to the rear edge 112 of air-inlet 102.
[0093] In some embodiments, a rear, abutting panel 70 may extend beyond the terminus 42 of rear end pleat-panel 41 in similar manner as front, securing panel 50 extends beyond terminus 32 of front end pleat-panel 31. For example, a rear, abutting panel 70 may take the form of a segment (or, multiple segments) that extends from rear end pleat-panel 41 in similar manner as segment 55 (or, multiple segments 66 and 67) extends from front end pleat-panel 31. However, a relatively simple arrangement (e.g. of the general type exemplified by rear, abutting panel 70 as shown in Fig. 9) has proved adequate so far.
[0094] As noted, in many embodiments, rear, abutting panel 70 need only perform an abutting function and is not necessarily required to stick, bond, or otherwise adhere to any surface (e.g. to wall 200 and / or to outside surface 107 of housing 101 of unit 100) . However, if desired, a rear, abutting panel 70 could optionally be provided with a detachable securing mechanism that allows the rear, abutting panel to form at least a weak, but tangible, adhesive bond to a surface that the rear, abutting panel is abutted against. Thus for example, a piece of double-faced adhesive tape might be provided (at the factory) on the outward (rearward) major face of rear, abutting panel 70, so that if the adhesive tape does contact wall 200, it will at least form a weak bond thereto. Such a bond is envisioned as only serving to slightly enhance the security with which air filter 1 is held in place; it should not be strong enough that a user would be required to access the rear end of air filter 1 in order to detach rear, abutting panel 70 from wall 200. It is further noted in passing that a mechanical area-fastener would not likely be used on rear, abutting panel 70, since this would require the user to mount a complementary area-fastener on wall 200.
[0095] Given the possible variations in rear, abutting panel 70 that are disclosed herein, it will be understood that an arrangement in which a rear end pleat-panel 41 itself serves as a rear, abutting panel, is encompassed, as a special case, within arrangements in which a rear, abutting panel is attached to a rear end pleat-panel. Similarly, an arrangement in which a front end pleat-panel 31 itself serves as a front, securing panel, is encompassed, as a special case, within arrangements in which a front, securing panel is attached to a front end pleat-panel. It will also be understood that in some embodiments, multiple pleat-panels at the forward end 13 of pleated filter assembly 10 (e.g., front end pleat-panel 31 and front penultimate pleat-panel 34, possibly along with one or more additional pleat-panels) may be gathered and pressed together. In some embodiments, a piece 53 can be wrapped around the gathered stack of front end pleat-panels to form a front, securing panel 50; or, in some embodiments, the gathered pleat-panels themselves may serve as a front, securing panel without the need for an added piece 53. In some such embodiments, a front pleat-panel 31, or a set of front end pleat-panels, may be treated (e.g. impregnated with a liquid that, once solidified, serves to stiffen or rigidify the pleat-panel (s) ) to enhance their ability to serve as a front, securing panel 50. Any such arrangement is encompassed as a special case of a front, securing panel 50 being attached at least to a front end pleat-panel. The same holds for gathering multiple panels at the rearward end 14 of pleated filter assembly (e.g., rear end pleat-panel 41 and one or more neighboring pleat-panels) and wrapping piece 71 around the gathered stack of rear end pleat-panels to form rear, abutting panel 70; it also holds for using a gathered stack of rear end pleat-panels as a rear, abutting panel 70, for impregnating an end pleat-panel, or multiple end pleat-panels, with a stiffening-imparting liquid, etc. It is however once again emphasized that the presence of a front, securing panel 50, and / or a rear, abutting panel 70, does not provide a perimeter frame. Rather, pleated filter assembly 10, and air filter 1 as a whole, are unframed as discussed earlier herein.
[0096] Expandable pleated air filters in the art sometimes comprise one or more elongate members that are configured to limit the expansion of the pleats of the pleated air filter to a predetermined length so that the pleated air filter exhibits a desired in-use configuration with a predetermined pleat spacing. In the art, such pleat-spacing-limiting members may be on the upward or downward side of a pleated air filter, or on both. They may extend at least generally along the expansion direction of the pleated air filter and may be spaced apart along the pleat direction of the pleated air filter, and may be bonded to upward or downward pleat tips of the pleated air filter. In at least some embodiments, a pleated filter assembly 10 (and, air filter 1 as a whole) as disclosed herein will not comprise any such pleat-spacing limiting member or members, on either the upward or downward side of air filter 1.
[0097] Pleated air filters in the art also sometimes comprise one or more elements (e.g. in the form of co-pleated stiffening layers) that are configured to stabilize the pleats in a particular condition. In other words, such pleat-stabilizing elements serve to maintain a pleated air filter at a particular, predetermined pleat spacing that will be the in-use, unchanging pleat spacing for the air filter. When such a pleated air filter is installed in an air-handling apparatus, the pleat-stabilizing elements will not impart any expansive force on the pleated structure; rather, they serve to keep the pleats in their desired in-use condition. In contrast, a pleated filter assembly 10 as disclosed herein is equipped with a biasing layer that, when the pleated air filter is installed and in use, exerts an expansive force that, in the absence of the restraint applied by the front, securing panel 50 at the front of the air filter and the rear, abutting panel at the rear of the air filter, would cause the pleat spacing to increase and would cause the pleated filter assembly to expand beyond its in-use length. A biasing layer and a pleated filter assembly that is equipped with such a biasing layer, thus fundamentally differ from the conventional use of pleat-stabilizing elements in the art.
[0098] Furthermore, the present investigations have revealed that an air filter 1, when installed atop an air-handling unit 100 in a state of compression as disclosed herein, often exhibits at least some asymmetry in pleat spacing. Specifically, pleats that are closest to the applied compressive force (i.e., pleats at or near the forward and rearward ends 13 and 14 of pleated filter assembly 10) tend to assume a closer pleat spacing, whereas pleats that are the most distant from the applied compressive force (i.e., toward the midsection of pleated filter assembly 10) tend to assume a wider pleat spacing. Thus again, it is emphasized that a biasing layer 80 as disclosed herein does not necessarily cause the pleats 21 of pleated filter assembly 10 to be held at a uniform in-use pleat spacing. This being the case, such a biasing layer cannot be equated with a conventional pleat-stabilizing layer that serves to hold pleats at an in-use pleat spacing that is uniform along the length of a pleated filter assembly. In various embodiments, an air filter 1 as installed atop an air-handling unit, may have a pleat asymmetry ratio of at least 1.1: 1, 1.2: 1, or 1.4: 1. Such a ratio will be the ratio of the pleat spacing of the widest-spaced pleat of pleated filter assembly 10, to the pleat spacing of the narrowest-spaced pleat of the assembly.
[0099] At a desired time (e.g. if it is considered that the air filter 1 is approaching the end of its useful life) air filter 1 can be easily removed and replaced. If a removable adhesive was used to secure the front, securing panel 50 to the air-handling unit 100, the adhesive may be removed. If a securing structure 90 was installed on air-handling unit 100, the front, securing panel 50 of the air filter may be detached from the securing element 91 of the securing structure 90 (the securing structure 90 can be left in place for the next air filter) . A replacement air filter 1 can then be installed according to the procedures discussed earlier herein.
[0100] In some embodiments, at least one air filter 1 may be provided as part of a kit, in any suitable format. Such a kit may comprise a number of air filters (e.g. two, three, four, five, or more) , e.g. in a compacted condition. In some embodiments such a kit may further comprise one or more securing elements. In this regard it is noted that any such securing element will not necessarily be used on a one-to-one basis with the air filters; rather, a securing element may last through the use of several, or even numerous, air filters.
[0101] In some embodiments, corrugated edges 17 of air filter 1 may be at least partially blocked, sealed, or otherwise occluded to reduce the amount of ambient air that bypasses corrugated edges 17 so as to reach the interior of air-handling unit 100 without having been filtered by air filter 1. In some embodiments, such arrangements may be achieved by the use of blocking elements that are factory-installed on each corrugated edge of air filter 1. In some embodiments, any such factory-installed blocking element will need to be able to expand as needed concurrently with any expansion of air filter 1 itself. Such a factory-installed blocking element might be e.g. a sheetlike piece of material (e.g., a thin film, a suitable nonwoven, etc. ) that has an adhesive on an interior surface thereof so that the piece of material can be bonded edgewise to the corrugated edges of air filter 1. In other embodiments, a blocking element (e.g. a similar sheetlike, adhesive-backed piece of material) may be provided (e.g. as part of a kit) to an end-user so that the end-user can apply the blocking element to the corrugated edges of air filter 1.
[0102] In other embodiments, the corrugated edges of air filter 1 (particularly if they extend e.g. at least a few centimeters laterally beyond the lateral edges of air inlet 102) may be blocked by the simple expedient of deforming them down against the housing 101 of the air-handling unit 100 and e.g. taping them down. In some embodiments, upper pleat tips 23 could be individually folded downward (along fold lines that are generally aligned with the pleat direction Dp) along the corrugated edges 17 of pleated filter assembly 10 (e.g., in similar manner to forming darts in fabric) , to at least partially occlude the lateral entrances to lower pleat valleys 26. An exemplary blocking element 95 formed in this general manner is illustrated in Fig. 9. Any such blocking element may be factory-formed; or, instructions may be provided to an end-user as to how to form such blocking elements. Any such arrangements may be facilitated by having filter media 15 extend beyond the lateral edges of biasing layer 80 so that filter media comprises secondary edge areas 18 in which biasing layer 80 is not present.
[0103] This being said, the present investigations have so far indicated that there does not appear to be any pressing need to at least partially block, much less to totally seal, the corrugated edges 17 of air filter 1. This is due in part to the fact that an air inlet 102 of an air-handling unit 100 of a mini-split air-conditioning system typically has a rather high aspect ratio. That is, the forward-rearward “length” of the air inlet, along which the corrugated edges of the air filter are positioned, is rather small relative to the lateral “width” , and thus the overall size, of the air inlet. An air filter 1 that is installed atop such an air inlet will have a similar aspect ratio. The corrugated edges of the air filter thus typically do not offer a large leakage pathway in comparison to the air that flows through the filter itself.
[0104] However, a primary factor that seems to obviate any need for such edge-sealing is that air filter 1, as installed on an air-handling unit 100 of a mini-split air-conditioning system, will be functioning in a recirculating, multi-pass mode of filtration. In such a mode of operation, ambient air (in a room in which unit 100 is located) is repeatedly filtered, returned to the room, filtered again, and so on. Such an arrangement, involving multi-pass recirculation, can be contrasted to a situation in which, e.g., air that is to enter an ISO-certified cleanroom is subjected to rigorous, one-pass filtering. This being the case, the fact that the “absolute” , single-pass filtration performance of air filter 1 may be somewhat lowered by the fact that a certain amount of air bypasses the filter by way of leaking around the corrugated edges of the filter, has not been found to unduly reduce the overall filtration performance of the air filter when operated in recirculation mode.
[0105] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the specific exemplary embodiments, elements, structures, features, details, arrangements, configurations, etc., that are disclosed herein can be modified and / or combined in numerous ways. In summary, numerous variations and combinations are contemplated as being within the bounds of the conceived invention, not merely those representative designs that were chosen to serve as exemplary illustrations. Thus, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the specific illustrative structures described herein, but rather extends at least to the structures described by the language of the claims, and the equivalents of those structures. Any of the elements that are positively recited in this specification as alternatives may be explicitly included in the claims or excluded from the claims, in any combination as desired. Any of the elements or combinations of elements that are recited in this specification in open-ended language (e.g., comprise and derivatives thereof) , are considered to additionally be recited in closed-ended language (e.g., consist and derivatives thereof) and in partially closed-ended language (e.g., consist essentially, and derivatives thereof) . Although various theories and possible mechanisms may have been discussed herein, in no event should such discussions serve to limit the claimable subject matter. To the extent that there is any conflict or discrepancy between this specification as written and the disclosure in any document that is incorporated by reference herein but to which no priority is claimed, this specification as written will control.
Claims
1.A conformal, unframed, reversibly expandable, expansively-biased air filter for external installation atop an air inlet of an indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system, the air filter comprising:a conformal, unframed, pleated filter assembly with a forward end and a rearward, opposing end, and with an upper major side and a lower, opposing major side, the pleated filter assembly comprising a pleated layer of nonwoven electret filter media and a pleated biasing layer that is attached to, and co-pleated with, the layer of nonwoven electret filter media;and,a front, securing panel that is attached at least to a front end pleat-panel of the pleated filter assembly at the forward end of the pleated filter assembly and that is configured to be detachably secured to an outside surface of a housing of the indoor air-handling unit;wherein the pleated filter assembly is reversibly expandable, along an expansion-compaction direction, between a compacted condition and an at-rest condition that is expanded relative to the compacted condition, so that the pleated filter assembly is configured to exhibit an expansion ratio of at least 50 %and to exhibit an installed compaction ratio of less than 95 %, and further wherein the pleated filter assembly is expansively biased by the pleated biasing layer toward the expanded, at-rest condition so that in the absence of a compacting force applied to the pleated filter assembly to hold the pleated filter assembly in the compacted condition, the pleated filter assembly will assume the at-rest condition.2.The air filter of claim 1 wherein the air filter is packaged with the pleated filter assembly in the compacted condition with the pleated filter assembly being held in the compacted condition by a wrapper that can be removed to allow the pleated filter assembly to expand toward the expanded, at-rest condition.3.The air filter of claim 1 wherein the pleated biasing layer comprises a wire mesh comprising metal strands with a diameter of from 0.10 to 1.2 mm with the mesh defining openings of an average area of from 2 to 8 cm2, the wire mesh being adhesively laminated to a lower major surface of the pleated layer of nonwoven electret filter media.4.The air filter of claim 1 wherein the front, securing panel comprises a major lower surface to which is attached a detachable securing mechanism chosen from the group consisting of at least one piece of pressure-sensitive adhesive and at least one piece of mechanical area-fastener.5.The air filter of claim 4 wherein the front, securing panel is pivotably movable relative to the front end pleat-panel through an arc of partial pivoting, about a pivot axis that is parallel to a pleat direction of the pleated filter assembly.6.The air filter of claim 4 wherein a piece of sheetlike securing material is attached to the front end pleat-panel of the pleated filter assembly, the piece of sheetlike securing material comprising a first segment that is attached to a major face of the front end pleat-panel and a second segment that is connected directly or indirectly to the first segment and that provides the front, securing panel; and, wherein the first segment of the piece of sheetlike securing material comprises at least one through-hole through which is exposed an area of the nonwoven electret filter media of the front end pleat-panel, the exposed area being configured to serve as a filter life indicator.7.The air filter of claim 6 wherein the front end pleat-panel of the pleated filter assembly comprises a terminus that is a lower terminus, the front end pleat-panel being integrally connected to a front penultimate pleat-panel at an upper pleat tip, and wherein a piece of sheetlike securing material is attached at least to the front end pleat-panel of the pleated filter assembly, the piece of sheetlike securing material comprising a first, outward segment that is attached to an outward face of the front pleat-panel, a second, inward segment that is attached to an inward face of the front end pleat-panel, a forward-upper segment that integrally extends from a lower end of the first, outward segment, and a forward-lower segment that integrally extends from a lower end of the second, inward segment, the forward-upper and forward-lower segments collectively providing the front, securing panel and integrally meeting at a forwardmost tip of the front, securing panel and the forward-lower segment comprising a major lower surface that comprises the detachable securing mechanism.8.The air filter of claim 1 wherein a plurality of rigid securing members extend generally downward from the front, securing panel, each rigid securing member being configured to be inserted into the air inlet of the indoor air-handling unit so as to assume a securing position in which the rigid securing member abuts a front edge of the air inlet; or, to be deflected away from the securing position.9.The air filter of claim 1 wherein the front, securing panel of the air filter is configured to be detachably secured to an outside surface of the housing of the indoor air-handling unit, at a location that is generally forward and / or generally downward from a front edge of the air inlet of the indoor air-handling unit.10.The air filter of claim 1 wherein the air filter comprises a rear, abutting panel that is attached at least to a rear end pleat-panel of the pleated filter assembly at the rearward end of the pleated filter assembly and that is configured to be abutted against a surface that is rearward of a rear edge of the air inlet of the indoor air-handling unit of the mini-split air-conditioning system.11.The air filter of claim 1 wherein the pleated biasing layer extends along at least 80 %of an elongate length of the pleated layer of nonwoven electret filter media, along the expansion-compaction direction of the pleated filter assembly.12.The air filter of claim 1 wherein the layer of nonwoven electret filter media extends beyond secondary, corrugated edges of the biasing layer so that the filter media comprises secondary edge areas in which the biasing layer is not present; and, wherein in the secondary edge areas in which the biasing layer is not present, at least some upper pleat tips of the pleated media are each folded downward to form a blocking element that at least partially occludes a lateral entrance to a lower pleat valley of the pleated filter assembly.13.A kit comprising at least one air filter of claim 1, the air filter being packaged with the pleated filter assembly in the compacted condition and the kit further comprising at least one securing structure that is configured to be removably attached to the outside surface of the housing of the indoor air-handling unit, the securing structure comprising a securing element that is complementary to the detachable securing mechanism of the front, securing panel of the air filter, so that the detachable securing mechanism of the front, securing panel of the air filter can be detachably secured to the securing element of the securing structure to detachably secure the front, securing panel of the air filter to the outside surface of the housing of the indoor air-handling unit.14.A method of externally installing a conformal, unframed, reversibly expandable, expansively-biased air filter on an air inlet of an indoor air-handling unit of a mini-split air-conditioning system, the method comprising:positioning the air filter generally atop the indoor air-handling unit so that a conformal, unframed, reversibly expandable, expansively-biased pleated filter assembly of the air filter is positioned generally atop the air inlet,abutting a rear, abutting panel of a rear end of the air filter against a surface that is rearward of a rear edge of the air inlet,and,detachably securing a front, securing panel of a forward end of the air filter to an outside surface of a housing of the indoor air-handling unit, at a location of the housing that is generally forward and / or generally downward of a front edge of the air inlet,so that the installed air filter resides atop an outside surface of a generally upper portion of the housing of the indoor air-handling unit, with the pleated filter assembly in a state of compression along a forward-rearward direction so as to exhibit an installed compaction ratio of less than 95 %,so that the installed air filter conforms to the outside surface of the generally upper portion of the housing of the indoor air-handling unit,and,so that the installed air filter is unframed.15.The method of claim 14 wherein the positioning of the air filter generally atop the indoor air-handling unit so that the conformal, unframed, reversibly expandable, expansively-biased pleated filter assembly of the air filter is positioned generally atop the air inlet; the abutting of the rear, abutting panel of a rear end of the air filter against a surface that is rearward of a rear edge of the air inlet; and, the detachably securing of the front, securing panel of the forward end of the air filter to the outside surface of the housing of the indoor air-handling unit, at the location of the housing that is generally forward and / or generally downward of the front edge of the air inlet, are done in any order.16.The method of claim 14 wherein the surface against which the rear, abutting panel of the pleated filter assembly is abutted, is a vertical surface of a wall on which the indoor air-handling unit is mounted.17.The method of claim 14 with the proviso that the rear, abutting panel is not attached, bonded, or otherwise secured to the surface against which the rear, abutting panel is abutted.18.The method of claim 14 wherein the method includes a preliminary step of removably attaching a securing structure to the outside surface of the housing of the indoor air-handling unit at the location of the housing that is generally forward and / or generally downward of the front edge of the air inlet, and wherein the method includes a step of detachably securing the front, securing panel of the air filter to the securing structure to detachably secure the front, securing panel of the air filter to the outside surface of the housing of the indoor air-handling unit at the location of the housing that is generally forward and / or generally downward of the front edge of the air inlet.19.The method of claim 14 wherein the method comprises a preliminary step of removing the air filter from a package in which the pleated filter assembly was held in a packaged, compacted condition; wherein the method further comprises a step of allowing the pleated filter assembly to expand from the packaged, compacted condition to an at-rest condition; and, wherein the method further comprises a step of compacting the air filter from the at-rest condition to an installed, compacted condition in which the pleated filter assembly exhibits the installed compaction ratio of less than 95 %.20.The method of claim 14, wherein the method further comprises operating the indoor air-handling unit of the mini-split air-conditioning system so that ambient air is drawn generally downwardly through the pleated air filter assembly of the air filter and is filtered thereby, with the filtered air being drawn generally downward into the indoor air-handling unit;andwherein the filtering of the ambient air by the air filter is performed with the pleated air filter assembly, and the air filter as a whole, in an unframed configuration and with the air filter exhibiting a pleat asymmetry ratio of at least 1.4:1.
Citation Information
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