Aperiodic CSI-RS used with aperiodic CSI reporting in ai / ML beam prediction

Abstract

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for defining user equipment behavior when configured with aperiodic channel state information reference signal corresponding to Set A. One method may include a user equipment receiving, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set, and determining whether to receive or measure a reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more pre-defined rules.

Description

TITLEAPERIODIC CSI-RS USED WITH APERIODIC CSI REPORTING IN AI / ML BEAM PREDICTIONTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] Some example embodiments may generally relate to mobile or wireless telecommunication systems, such as 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5thgeneration (5G) radio access technology (RAT), new radio (NR) access technology, 6thgeneration (6G), and / or other communications systems. For example, certain example embodiments may relate to systems and / or methods for defining user equipment (UE) behavior when configured with aperiodic (AP) channel state information (CSI) reference signals (RS) corresponding to Set A.BACKGROUND

[0002] Examples of mobile or wireless telecommunication systems may include radio frequency (RF) 5G RAT, the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), LTE Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-A Pro, NR access technology, 6G RAT, and / or MulteFire Alliance. 5G wireless systems refer to the next generation (NG) of radio systems and network architecture. A 5G system is typically built on a 5G NR, but a 5G (or NG) network may also be built on E-UTRA radio. It is expected that NR can support service categories such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low- latency-communication (URLLC), and massive machine-type communication (mMTC). NR is expected to deliver extreme broadband, ultra-robust, low-latency connectivity, and massive networking to support the Internet of Things (loT). The next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) represents the radio access network (RAN) for 5G, which may provide radio access for NR, LTE, and LTE-A. It is noted that the nodes in 5G providing radio access functionality to a user equipment (e.g., similar to the Node B in UTRAN or the Evolved Node B (eNB) in LTE) may be referred to asnext-generation Node B (gNB) when built on NR radio, and may be referred to as nextgeneration eNB (NG-eNB) when built on E-UTRA radio.SUMMARY

[0003] In accordance with some example embodiments, a method may include receiving, by a user equipment, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The method may further include receiving, by the user equipment, from the network entity, an indication for the reference signal set. The indication may indicate at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset. The method may further include determining, by the user equipment, whether to receive or measure the reference signal based on the indication.

[0004] In accordance with certain example embodiments, an apparatus may include means for receiving, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The apparatus may further include means for receiving, from the network entity, an indication for the reference signal set. The indication indicates at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset. The apparatus may further include means for determining whether to receive or measure the reference signal based on the indication.

[0005] In accordance with various example embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable medium may include program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least a method. The method may include receiving, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The method may further include receiving, from the network entity, an indication for the reference signal set. The indication mayindicate at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset. The method may further include determining whether to receive or measure the reference signal based on the indication.

[0006] In accordance with some example embodiments, a computer program product may perform a method. The method may include receiving, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The method may further include receiving, from the network entity, an indication for the reference signal set. The indication may indicate at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset. The method may further include determining whether to receive or measure the reference signal based on the indication.

[0007] In accordance with certain example embodiments, an apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to receive, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The at least one memory and instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the apparatus at least to receive, from the network entity, an indication for the reference signal set. The indication may indicate at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset. The at least one memory and instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the apparatus at least to determine whether to receive or measure the reference signal based on the indication.

[0008] In accordance with various example embodiments, an apparatus may include receiving circuitry configured to receive, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The apparatus may further include receiving circuitry configured to receive, from the network entity, anindication for the reference signal set. The indication may indicate at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset. The apparatus may further include determining circuitry configured to determine whether to receive or measure the reference signal based on the indication.

[0009] In accordance with some example embodiments, a method may include transmitting, by a network entity, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The method may further include transmitting, by the network entity, to the user equipment, an indication for the reference signal set. The indication may indicate at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset.

[0010] In accordance with certain example embodiments, an apparatus may include means for transmitting, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The apparatus may further include means for transmitting, to the user equipment, an indication for the reference signal set. The indication may indicate at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset.

[0011] In accordance with various example embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable medium may include program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least a method. The method may include transmitting, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The method may further include transmitting, to the user equipment, an indication for the reference signal set. The indication may indicate at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset.

[0012] In accordance with some example embodiments, a computer program product may perform a method. The method may include transmitting, to a user equipment, aconfiguration for a reference signal set. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The method may further include transmitting, to the user equipment, an indication for the reference signal set. The indication may indicate at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset.

[0013] In accordance with certain example embodiments, an apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to transmit, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The at least one memory and instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the apparatus at least to transmit, to the user equipment, an indication for the reference signal set. The indication may indicate at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset.

[0014] In accordance with various example embodiments, an apparatus may include transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The apparatus may further include transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to the user equipment, an indication for the reference signal set. The indication may indicate at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset.

[0015] In accordance with some example embodiments, a method may include receiving, by a user equipment, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set. The method may further include determining, by the user equipment, whether to receive or measure a reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more pre-defined rules.

[0016] In accordance with certain example embodiments, an apparatus may include means for receiving, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set.The apparatus may further include means for determining whether to receive or measure a reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more pre-defined rules.

[0017] In accordance with various example embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable medium may include program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least a method. The method may include receiving a configuration for a reference signal set. The method may further include determining whether to receive or measure a reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more pre-defined rules.

[0018] In accordance with some example embodiments, a computer program product may perform a method. The method may include receiving a configuration for a reference signal set. The method may further include determining whether to receive or measure a reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more predefined rules.

[0019] In accordance with certain example embodiments, an apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to receive a configuration for a reference signal set. The at least one memory and instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the apparatus at least to determine whether to receive or measure a reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more pre-defined rules.

[0020] In accordance with various example embodiments, an apparatus may include receiving circuitry configured to receive a configuration for a reference signal set. The apparatus may further include determining circuitry configured to determine whether to receive or measure a reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more pre-defined rules.

[0021] In accordance with some example embodiments, a method may include transmitting, by a network entity, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set. The method may further include receiving, by the network entity, a measurement report generated based on one or more pre-defined rules. Themeasurement report may include at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

[0022] In accordance with certain example embodiments, an apparatus may include means for transmitting, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set. The apparatus may further include means for receiving a measurement report generated based on one or more pre-defined rules. The measurement report may include at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

[0023] In accordance with various example embodiments, a non-transitory computer readable medium may include program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least a method. The method may include transmitting, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set. The method may further include receiving a measurement report generated based on one or more pre-defined rules. The measurement report may include at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

[0024] In accordance with some example embodiments, a computer program product may perform a method. The method may include transmitting, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set. The method may further include receiving a measurement report generated based on one or more pre-defined rules. The measurement report may include at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

[0025] In accordance with certain example embodiments, an apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to transmit, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set. The at least one memory and instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the apparatus at least to receive a measurement report generated based on one or more pre-defined rules. The measurement report may include at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

[0026] In accordance with various example embodiments, an apparatus may include transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set. The apparatus may further include receiving circuitry configured to receive a measurement report generated based on one or more pre-defined rules. The measurement report may include at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] For a proper understanding of example embodiments, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0028] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of Offset_validity being set to disabled when a UE does not expect aperiodicTriggeringOffset of Set A to be valid according to certain example embodiments;

[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of configuring a large value for aperiodicTriggeringOffset of Set A to enable transmission of Set A after an inference report according to some example embodiments;

[0030] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a monitoring window when considering the validity of Set A transmission according to various example embodiments;

[0031] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a signaling diagram according to certain example embodiments;

[0032] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of another signaling diagram according to some example embodiments;

[0033] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a flow diagram of a method that may be performed by a user equipment according to certain example embodiments;

[0034] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a flow diagram of a method that may be performed by a network entity according to some example embodiments;

[0035] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a flow diagram of a method that may be performed by a user equipment according to various example embodiments;

[0036] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a flow diagram of a method that may be performed by a network entity according to various example embodiments;

[0037] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of various network devices according to various example embodiments; and

[0038] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a 5G network and system architecture according to certain example embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] It will be readily understood that the components of certain example embodiments, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of some example embodiments of systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for defining UE behavior when configured with AP-CSI-RS corresponding to Set A is not intended to limit the scope of certain example embodiments, but is instead representative of selected example embodiments.

[0040] Artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML)-based beam management may leverage AI / ML models to predict the best beams based on a limited set of measurements. This may include spatial-domain predictions (z.e., beam prediction based on a limited set of measurements without historical information) and / or timedomain predictions (z.e., beam prediction into the future based on a limited set of measurements with historical information).

[0041] Measurements and predictions may be based on two beam sets, Set A and Set B. Set A may include the complete set of beams over which the prediction will operate, while Set B may include the set of beams whose measurements are inputted to the AI / ML model (e.g., layer 1 (LI preference signal received power (RSRP), etc.). Lurthermore, Set B can be different from Set A (for space-domain and time-domain prediction), can be a subset of Set A (for space-domain and time-domain prediction), or be the same as Set A (usually for time-domain prediction).

[0042] AI / ML models for beam management, including downlink (DL) transmission (Tx) beam predictions, can be a UE-sided model or NW-sided model. In 3GPP, spatial-domain DL Tx beam prediction for Set A of beams based on measurement results of Set B of beams may be referred to as “beam management (BM)-Casel”; and temporal DL Tx beam prediction for Set A of beams based on the historic measurement results of Set B of beams may be referred to as “BM-Case2”.

[0043] Lor UE-sided models for BM-Casel, content in the report of inference results may support beam information on predicted top K beam(s) among a set of beams, or beam information on predicted top K beam(s) among a set of beams and RSRP of predicted top K beam(s) among a set of beams, where at least K=l.

[0044] BM -Casel and BM-Case2 with a UE-side AI / ML model may support Type 1 performance monitoring. For NW-side performance monitoring, the UE may send a report to the NW (for the calculation of performance metric at NW). Measurement results from the resource set for monitoring (e.g., LI -RSRP and / or RS index) may be supported as the content of the report. The report may be configured / triggered by the NW. For UE-assisted performance monitoring, the UE may calculate performance metrics.

[0045] For UE-sided model, for the quantization of a RSRP value at least for the report of inference results, support may be provided for differential RSRP reporting with quantization step and range for LI -RSRP reporting. For BM-Case 1, support may include differential RSRP reports among multiple beams, while for BM-Case 2, support may include differential RSRP reports among multiple beams over multiple time instances.

[0046] For UE-sided model at least for BM Case-1, for inference results reports, two resource sets may be configured for Set A and Set B separately in the CSI report configuration for the report.

[0047] CSI report configuration may describe the configuration parameters used to set up periodic, AP, or semi-persistent CSI reports sent on uplink channel, such as for example, the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or physical uplink sharedchannel (PUSCH), for a particular cell or triggered by downlink control information (DCI). It may include fields such as report quantity, frequency domain configuration, time domain behavior, and channel measurement resource allocation that affect how the UE performs reporting based on different configurations.

[0048] For AI / ML based beam prediction use cases (e.g., BM-Casel and BM-Case2), for UE-sided model inference operation, Set A and Set B may be configured as two resource sets whose information can be included in a CSI report. Additionally, CSI- RS resource or SSB resources configured in Set B may be measured, but there may be a need to transmit Set A to improve inference operations and / or enable monitoring operations.

[0049] When AP CSI-RS is used with AP reporting, a CSI-RS offset may be configured per NZP CSI-RS resource set, by the higher layer parameter aperiodicTriggeringOffset (or aperiodicTriggeringOffset-rl6 or aperiodicTriggeringOffset-rl7). The CSI-RS offset may be an offset between the DCI that triggers the report and the transmission of CSI-RS resources and in particular, an offset between the last symbol of the PDCCH carrying the triggering DCI and the first symbol of the aperiodic CSI-RS resources. When Set A and Set B are NZP-CSI- RS-ResourceSets configured as AP, the RRC parameter aperiodicTriggeringOffset may be configured for both Set A and Set B. Since the NZP CSI-RS resource set configured for Set A may also be a channel measurement resource set for CSI report, configuration of aperiodicTriggeringOffset may be needed for the NZP-CSI-RS- ResourceSet that corresponds to Set A. However, since there cannot be a Set A transmission for each inference instance, there is a need to define the UE behavior when configured with AP CSI-RS corresponding to the Set A.

[0050] Certain example embodiments described herein may have various benefits and / or advantages to overcome the disadvantages described above. For example, some example embodiments may enable inference operation by ensuring Set B reception at the UE and defining the UE behavior on not receiving Set A for each inference instance. Furthermore, various example embodiments may reduce the RS resourcetransmission overhead, thereby increasing the overall throughput, by limiting Set A transmission. In addition, certain example embodiments may reduce the measurement latency at the UE by limiting Set A transmission. Thus, certain example embodiments discussed below are directed to improvements in computer-related technology.

[0051] It is noted that specific terms, such as CSI-RS, aperiodicTriggeringOffset, used throughout this disclosure are examples, and any terminology or other signals may be used.

[0052] In certain example embodiments, when AP CSI-RS is used with AP CSI reporting for an AI / ML beam prediction inference operation (z.e., Set A and Set B are configured as AP CSI-RS resource sets for inference operation), the UE may be configured with a parameter to indicate the availability of Set A for measurements. In particular, the parameter may indicate whether an offset (e.g., aperiodicTriggeringOffset) configured for CSI-RS reception corresponding to a NZP CSI-RS resource set NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet) as Set A, is applicable or not for the measurements.

[0053] Specifically, if the UE is configured with a parameter Offset-Validity with "disabled’ or not configured with Offset-Validity , the CSI-RS triggering offset may not be applicable for the corresponding CSI-RS resource set, and the UE may not be expected to measure associated NZP CSI-RS.

[0054] For example, the parameter (e.g., Offset_validity IE) may be introduced in a NZP CSI-RS resource set (e.g., in NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet), wherein the parameter (e.g., Offset_validity) may indicate whether AP CSI-RS corresponding to the NZP- CSI-RS-ResourceSet is transmitted or not. In another example, the parameter (e.g., Offset_validity IE) may be included in the same DO that triggers an AP-CSI report. As a result, the parameter may indicate whether a value configured in aperiodicTriggeringOffset is applicable or not for inference operations.

[0055] As an example, as shown in FIG. 1, when Qffset_validity is “yes” or “enabled,” the UE may expect that the CSI-RS corresponding to the Set A is transmitted by the network (e.g., the UE may receive the CSI-RS corresponding to the NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet configured as Set A) after the aperiodicTriggeringOffset. Otherwise, the UE may not expect to measure the CSI-RS corresponding to the Set A.

[0056] In some example embodiments, when AP CSI-RS is used with AP CSI reporting for an AI / ML beam prediction inference operation, the UE may be predefined with a rule (e.g., pre-defined rule), where the rule defines a UE behavior on whether and / or when to expect AP CSI-RS corresponding to a NZP CSI-RS resource set corresponding to the Set A.

[0057] For example, the rule may be defined to ignore the higher layer parameter aperiodicTriggeringOffset of a CSI-RS resource set (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet) when that CSI-RS resource set is used as the Set A. The UE may not expect to measure the CSI-RS corresponding to the Set A. In some cases, the UE may be configured with aperiodicTriggeringOffset = 0 or other value (largest), and the above UE behavior may be defined with respect to the value indicated by the aperiodicTriggeringOffset. Alternatively, the UE may be not configured with aperiodicTriggeringOffset for the resource set used as Set A. When AP CSI reporting is carrying metrics for predicted beam (e.g., ‘p-CRI’ or ‘p-RSRP’), the UE is expected to measure AP CSI-RS for the NZP CSI-RS resource set configured for the channel measurement (i.e., Set B) and the UE is not expected to receive AP CSI-RS after an aperiodicTriggeringOffset for the NZP CSI-RS resource set configured for the reporting of ‘p-CRI’ or ‘p-RSRP’ (i.e., Set A).

[0058] As another example, as shown in FIG. 2, the rule may be defined to allow the UE to consider the higher layer parameter aperiodicTriggeringOffset of a NZP CSI- RS resource set (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet) when that CSI-RS resource set is used as the Set A, and the time duration defined by the aperiodicTriggeringOffset can have larger values which allows measuring of AP CSI-RS corresponding to the Set A even after the reporting of the AP CSI report (i.e., corresponding to the inference report). Thus, when AP CSI reporting is carrying ‘p-CRI’ or ‘p-RSRP’, the UE may receive AP CSI-RS of NZP CSI-RS resource set configured for the reporting of ‘p- CRI’ or ‘p-RSRP’ before or after the transmission of AP CSI report.

[0059] As another example, the UE may be pre-defined with a rule (e.g., pre-defined rule), the rule may be defined with respect to an active / inactive time duration used for performance monitoring.

[0060] For example, during an inactive period of performance monitoring, the AP CSI-RS corresponding Set A (which may be configured for inference reporting) may not be expected to be received by the UE. The network may not transmit CSI-RS corresponding to the set A during this inactive time period. Thus, the UE may consider that the higher layer parameter aperiodicTriggeringOffset of Set A as not applicable.

[0061] As another example, during an active period of performance monitoring, the AP CSI-RS corresponding to Set A may be received by the UE. The network may transmit CSI-RS corresponding to the set A during this active time period. Thus, the UE may consider that the higher layer parameter aperiodicTriggeringOffset of Set A as applicable. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the UE may be configured with a monitoring time window for determining the performance monitoring metrics and / or for determining the performance monitoring outcome, where the monitoring time window can be common for one or more CSI reporting configurations that enabling the AI / ML beam prediction inference operation. Thus, if the UE is configured with a monitoring window for evaluating performance of ‘p-CRT or ‘p-RSRP’ reporting, during the inactive time durations defined by the monitoring window, the UE is not expected to receive AP CSI-RS after an aperiodicTriggeringOffset for the NZP CSI- RS resource set configured for the reporting of ‘p-CRT or ‘p-RSRP’. Otherwise, the UE may receive AP CSI-RS after an aperiodicTriggeringOffset for the NZP CSI-RS resource set configured for the reporting of ‘p-CRT or ‘p-RSRP’.

[0062] In some example embodiments, when AP CSI-RS is used with AP reporting for other operation than the AI / ML beam prediction, the UE may be configured with the aperiodicTriggeringOffset for the NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet. Two resource sets (Set B and Set A) for AP CSI reporting may be provided in a CSI- AssociatedReportConfiglnfo by extending the number of resource sets inresourcesForChamel or by introducing a new IE with the similar content as resourcesForChamel configuration. In both variants, two resource sets may be associated with a CSFAssociatedReportConfiglnfo.

[0063] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a signaling diagram 400 depicting a UE being configured with a parameter to indicate the availability of Set A for measurements. NE 410 and UE 420 may be similar to NE 1010 and UE 1020, as illustrated in FIG. 10, according to certain example embodiments.

[0064] At operation 401, NE 410 may transmit to UE 420 a configuration for a reference signal set. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The reference signal set may be a set of reference signals over which a beam prediction will operate.

[0065] At operation 402, NE 410 may transmit to UE 420 an indication for the reference signal set. The indication may indicate at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset. The indication may be included in the configuration, or in a message triggering a measurement report. The measurement report may include at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

[0066] At operation 403, UE 420 may determine whether to receive or measure the reference signal based on the indication.

[0067] At operation 404a, in response to the determination at operation 403 to receive the reference signal, UE 420 may receive the reference signal. Alternatively, at operation 404b, in response to the determination at operation 403 to measure the reference signal, UE 420 may measure the reference signal.

[0068] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a signaling diagram 500 depicting a UE being pre-defined with a rule, where the rule defines a UE behavior on whether and / or when to expect AP CSI-RS corresponding to a NZP CSI-RS resource set corresponding to the Set A. NE 510 and UE 520 may be similar to NE 1010 and UE 1020, as illustrated in FIG. 10, according to certain example embodiments.

[0069] At operation 501 , NE 510 may transmit to UE 520 a configuration for a reference signal set. The reference signal set may be a set of reference signals over which a beam prediction will operate.

[0070] At operation 502, UE 520 may determine whether to receive or measure a reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more pre-defined rules. The one or more pre-defined rules may indicate at least one of that the apparatus is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal; that the apparatus may receive or measure the reference signal after transmitting a measurement report; that the apparatus may receive or measure the reference signal during an active period; or that the apparatus is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal set during an inactive period.

[0071] In certain example embodiments, the one or more pre-defined rules may specify that the apparatus is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal if an offset comprised in the configuration and determining when the reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted, is set with a pre-defined value, or the offset is absent in the configuration.

[0072] In some example embodiments, the one or more pre-defined rules may specify that the apparatus may receive or measure the reference signal after transmitting the measurement report if an offset comprised in the configuration and determining when the reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted, is larger than a second offset determining when to transmit the measurement report.

[0073] At operation 503a, in response to the determination at operation 502 to receive the reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more pre-defined rules, UE 520 may receive the reference signal from NE 510. Alternatively or additionally, at operation 503b, in response to the determination at operation 502 to measure the reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more pre-defined rules, UE 520 may measure the reference signal from the reference signal set.

[0074] At operation 504, UE 520 may transmit to NE 510 a measurement report, wherein the measurement report comprises at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

[0075] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a flow diagram of a method 600 that may be performed by a UE, such as UE 1020 illustrated in FIG. 10, according to various example embodiments.

[0076] At step 601, the method may include receiving, from a network entity, such as NE 1010 illustrated in FIG. 10, a configuration for a reference signal set. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The reference signal set may be a set of reference signals over which a beam prediction will operate.

[0077] At step 602, the method may further include receiving, from the network entity, an indication for the reference signal set. The indication indicates at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset, the indication may be included in the configuration, or in a message triggering a measurement report. The measurement report may include at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

[0078] At step 603, the method may further include determining whether to receive or measure the reference signal based on the indication.

[0079] In some example embodiments, in response to the determination to receive or measure the reference signal, the method may further include receiving or measuring the reference signal.

[0080] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a flow diagram of a method 700 that may be performed by a NE, such as NE 1010 illustrated in FIG. 10, according to various example embodiments.

[0081] At step 701, the method may include transmitting, to a user equipment, such as UE 1020 illustrated in FIG. 10, a configuration for a reference signal set. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from thereference signal set is transmitted. The reference signal set may be a set of reference signals over which a beam prediction will operate.

[0082] At step 702, the method may further include transmitting, to the user equipment, an indication for the reference signal set. The indication may indicate at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset. The indication may be included in the configuration, or in a message triggering a measurement report. The measurement report may include at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

[0083] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a flow diagram of a method 800 that may be performed by a UE, such as UE 1020 illustrated in FIG. 10, according to various example embodiments.

[0084] At step 801, the method may include receiving, from a network entity, such as NE 1010 illustrated in FIG. 10, a configuration for a reference signal set. The reference signal set may be a set of reference signals over which a beam prediction will operate.

[0085] At step 802, the method may further include determining whether to receive or measure a reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more predefined rules.

[0086] In various example embodiments, the one or more pre-defined rules may indicate at least one of that the UE is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal; that the UE may receive or measure the reference signal after transmitting a measurement report; that the UE may receive or measure the reference signal during an active period; or that the UE is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal set during an inactive period.

[0087] In certain example embodiments, the one or more pre-defined rules may specify that the UE is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal if an offset comprised in the configuration and determining when the reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted, is set with a pre-defined value, or the offset is absent in the configuration.

[0088] In some example embodiments, the one or more pre-defined rules may specify that the UE may receive or measure the reference signal after transmitting the measurement report if an offset comprised in the configuration and determining when the reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted, is larger than a second offset determining when to transmit the measurement report.

[0089] In certain example embodiments, in response to the determination to receive or measure the reference signal, the method may further include receiving or measuring the reference signal.

[0090] In some example embodiments, the method may further include transmitting a measurement report. The measurement report may include at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

[0091] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a flow diagram of a method 900 that may be performed by a NE, such as NE 1010 illustrated in FIG. 10, according to various example embodiments.

[0092] At step 901, the method may include transmitting, to a user equipment, such as UE 1020 illustrated in FIG. 10, a configuration for a reference signal set. The reference signal set may be a set of reference signals over which a beam prediction will operate.

[0093] At step 902, the method may further include receiving a measurement report generated based on one or more pre-defined rules, wherein the measurement report comprises at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

[0094] In certain example embodiments, the one or more pre-defined rules indicate at least one of that the user equipment is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal; that the user equipment may receive or measure the reference signal after transmitting a measurement report; that the user equipment may receive or measure the reference signal during an active period; or that the user equipment is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal set during an inactive period.

[0095] In some example embodiments, the one or more pre-defined rules specifies that the user equipment is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal if an offsetcomprised in the configuration and determining when the reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted, is set with a pre-defined value, or the offset is absent in the configuration.

[0096] In various example embodiments, the one or more pre-defined rules may specify that the user equipment may receive or measure the reference signal after transmitting the measurement report if an offset comprised in the configuration and determining when the reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted, is larger than a second offset determining when to transmit the measurement report.

[0097] In certain example embodiments, the method may further include transmitting the offset to the user equipment.

[0098] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a system according to certain example embodiments. In one example embodiment, a system may include multiple devices, such as, for example, NE 1010 and / or UE 1020.

[0099] NE 1010 may be one or more of a base station (e.g., 3G UMTS NodeB, 4G LTE Evolved NodeB, or 5G NR Next Generation NodeB), a serving gateway, a server, and / or any other access node or combination thereof.

[0100] NE 1010 may further include at least one gNB -centralized unit (CU), which may be associated with at least one gNB -distributed unit (DU). The at least one gNB-CU and the at least one gNB -DU may be in communication via at least one Fl interface, at least one Xn-C interface, and / or at least one NG interface via a 5thgeneration core (5GC).

[0101] UE 1020 may include one or more of a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, smart phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet, or portable media player, digital camera, pocket video camera, video game console, navigation unit, such as a global positioning system (GPS) device, desktop or laptop computer, single-location device, such as a sensor or smart meter, or any combination thereof. Furthermore, NE 1010 and / or UE 1020 may be one or more of a citizens broadband radio service device (CBSD).

[0102] NE 1010 and / or UE 1020 may include at least one processor, respectively indicated as 1011 and 1021. Processors 1011 and 1021 may be embodied by anycomputational or data processing device, such as a central processing unit (CPU), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or comparable device. The processors may be implemented as a single controller, or a plurality of controllers or processors.

[0103] At least one memory may be provided in one or more of the devices, as indicated at 1012 and 1022. The memory may be fixed or removable. The memory may include computer program instructions or computer code contained therein. Memories 1012 and 1022 may independently be any suitable storage device, such as a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The term “non-transitory,” as used herein, may correspond to a limitation of the medium itself (z.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., random access memory (RAM) vs. read-only memory (ROM)). A hard disk drive (HDD), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, or other suitable memory may be used. The memories may be combined on a single integrated circuit as the processor, or may be separate from the one or more processors. Furthermore, the computer program instructions stored in the memory, and which may be processed by the processors, may be any suitable form of computer program code, for example, a compiled or interpreted computer program written in any suitable programming language.

[0104] Processors 1011 and 1021, memories 1012 and 1022, and any subset thereof, may be configured to provide means corresponding to the various blocks of FIGs. 1-9. Although not shown, the devices may also include positioning hardware, such as GPS or micro electrical mechanical system (MEMS) hardware, which may be used to determine a location of the device. Other sensors are also permitted, and may be configured to determine location, elevation, velocity, orientation, and so forth, such as barometers, compasses, and the like.

[0105] As shown in FIG. 10, transceivers 1013 and 1023 may be provided, and one or more devices may also include at least one antenna, respectively illustrated as 1014 and 1024. The device may have many antennas, such as an array of antennas configured for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communications, or multiple antennas for multiple RATs. Other configurations of these devices, for example, may be provided.Transceivers 1013 and 1023 may be a transmitter, a receiver, both a transmitter and a receiver, or a unit or device that may be configured both for transmission and reception.

[0106] The memory and the computer program instructions may be configured, with the processor for the particular device, to cause a hardware apparatus, such as UE, to perform any of the processes described above (z.e., FIGs. 1-9). Therefore, in certain example embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable medium may be encoded with computer instructions that, when executed in hardware, perform a process such as one of the processes described herein. Alternatively, certain example embodiments may be performed entirely in hardware.

[0107] In certain example embodiments, an apparatus may include circuitry configured to perform any of the processes or functions illustrated in FIGs. 1-9. As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry), (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit(s) with software / firmware and (ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions), and (c) hardware circuit(s) and or processor(s), such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.

[0108] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a 5G network and system architecture according to certain example embodiments. Shown are multiple network functions that may be implemented as software operating as part of a network device or dedicated hardware, as a network device itself or dedicated hardware, or as a virtual function operating as a network device or dedicated hardware. The NE and UE illustrated in FIG. 11 may be similar to NE WlO and UE 1020, respectively. The user plane function (UPF) may provide services such as intra-RAT and inter-RAT mobility, routing and forwarding of data packets, inspection of packets, user plane quality of service (QoS) processing, buffering of downlink packets, and / or triggering of downlink data notifications. The application function (AF) may primarily interface with the core network to facilitate application usage of traffic routing and interact with the policy framework.

[0109] According to certain example embodiments, processors 1011 and 1021, and memories 1012 and 1022, may be included in or may form a part of processing circuitry or control circuitry. In addition, in some example embodiments, transceivers 1013 and 1023 may be included in or may form a part of transceiving circuitry.

[0110] In some example embodiments, an apparatus (e.g., NE 1010 and / or UE 1020) may include means for performing a method, a process, or any of the variants discussed herein. Examples of the means may include one or more processors, memory, controllers, transmitters, receivers, and / or computer program code for causing the performance of the operations.

[0111] In various example embodiments, apparatus 1020 may be controlled by memory 1022 and processor 1021 to receive, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set; receive, from the network entity, an indication for the reference signal set; and determine whether to receive or measure the reference signal based on the indication. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The indication may indicate at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset.

[0112] Certain example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus that includes means for performing any of the methods described herein including, for example, means for receiving, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set; means for receiving, from the network entity, an indication for the reference signal set; and means for determining whether to receive or measure the reference signal based on the indication. The configuration may include an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The indication may indicate at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset.

[0113] In various example embodiments, apparatus 1010 may be controlled by memory 1012 and processor 1011 to transmit, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set; and transmit, to the user equipment, an indication for the reference signal set. The configuration comprises an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The indication indicates at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset.

[0114] Certain example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus that includes means for performing any of the methods described herein including, for example, means for transmitting, to a user equipment a configuration for a reference signal set; and means for transmitting, to the user equipment, an indication for the reference signal set. The configuration comprises an offset determining when a reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted. The indication indicates at least one of whether the offset is valid, or whether the reference signal will be transmitted after the offset.

[0115] In various example embodiments, apparatus 1020 may be controlled by memory 1022 and processor 1021 to receive, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set; and determine whether to receive or measure a reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more pre-defined rules.

[0116] Certain example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus that includes means for performing any of the methods described herein including, for example,means for receiving, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set; and means for determining whether to receive or measure a reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more pre-defined rules.

[0117] In various example embodiments, apparatus 1010 may be controlled by memory 1012 and processor 1011 to transmit, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set; and receive a measurement report generated based on one or more predefined rules. The measurement report may include at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

[0118] Certain example embodiments may be directed to an apparatus that includes means for performing any of the methods described herein including, for example, means for transmitting, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set; and means for receiving a measurement report generated based on one or more predefined rules. The measurement report may include at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

[0119] The features, structures, or characteristics of example embodiments described throughout this specification may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more example embodiments. For example, the usage of the phrases “various embodiments,” “certain embodiments,” “some embodiments,” or other similar language throughout this specification refers to the fact that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an example embodiment may be included in at least one example embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in various embodiments,” “in certain embodiments,” “in some embodiments,” or other similar language throughout this specification does not necessarily all refer to the same group of example embodiments, and the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more example embodiments.

[0120] As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of ” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or,” mean atleast any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.

[0121] Additionally, if desired, the different functions or procedures discussed above may be performed in a different order and / or concurrently with each other. Furthermore, if desired, one or more of the described functions or procedures may be optional or may be combined. As such, the description above should be considered as illustrative of the principles and teachings of certain example embodiments, and not in limitation thereof.

[0122] One having ordinary skill in the art will readily understand that the example embodiments discussed above may be practiced with procedures in a different order, and / or with hardware elements in configurations which are different than those which are disclosed. Therefore, although some embodiments have been described based upon these example embodiments, it would be apparent to those of skill in the art that certain modifications, variations, and alternative constructions would be apparent, while remaining within the spirit and scope of the example embodiments.

[0123] Partial Glossary

[0124] 3GPP 3rdGeneration Partnership Project

[0125] 5G 5thGeneration

[0126] 5GC 5thGeneration Core

[0127] 6G 6thGeneration

[0128] AF Application Function

[0129] Al Artificial Intelligence

[0130] ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit

[0131] BM Beam Management

[0132] CBSD Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device

[0133] CC Component Carrier

[0134] CPU Central Processing Unit

[0135] CSI Channel State Information

[0136] CU Centralized Unit

[0137] DCI Downlink Control Information

[0138] DL Downlink

[0139] DU Distributed Unit

[0140] eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband

[0141] eNB Evolved Node B

[0142] gNB Next Generation Node B

[0143] GPS Global Positioning System

[0144] HDD Hard Disk Drive

[0145] loT Internet of Things

[0146] LI Layer 1

[0147] LCM Lifecycle Management

[0148] LTE Long-Term Evolution

[0149] LTE-A Long-Term Evolution Advanced

[0150] MEMS Micro Electrical Mechanical System

[0151] MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output

[0152] ML Machine Learning

[0153] mMTC Massive Machine Type Communication

[0154] NE Network Entity

[0155] NG Next Generation

[0156] NG-eNB Next Generation Evolved Node B

[0157] NG-RAN Next Generation Radio Access Network

[0158] NR New Radio

[0159] NZP Non-Zero Power

[0160] PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel4

[0161] PDA Personal Digital Assistance

[0162] PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel

[0163] PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel

[0164] QoS Quality of Service

[0165] RAM Random Access Memory

[0166] RAN Radio Access Network

[0167] RAT Radio Access Technology

[0168] RF Radio Frequency

[0169] ROM Read-Only Memory

[0170] RS Reference Signal

[0171] RSRP Reference Signal Received Power

[0172] SS Synchronization Signal

[0173] SSB Synchronization Signal Block

[0174] Tx Transmission

[0175] UCI Uplink Control Information

[0176] UE User Equipment

[0177] UL Uplink

[0178] UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

[0179] UPF User Plane Function

[0180] UREEC Ultra- Reliable and Eow-Eatency Communication

[0181] UTRAN Universal Mobile Telecommunications System TerrestrialRadio Access Network

[0182] WLAN Wireless Focal Area Network

Claims

WE CLAIM:

1. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set; and determine whether to receive or measure a reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more pre-defined rules.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reference signal set is a set of reference signals over which a beam prediction will operate.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus at least to: in response to the determination to receive or measure the reference signal, receive or measure the reference signal.

4. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus at least to: transmit a measurement report, wherein the measurement report comprises at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

5. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the one or more predefined rules indicates at least one of: that the apparatus is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal; that the apparatus may receive or measure the reference signal after transmitting a measurement report;that the apparatus may receive or measure the reference signal during an active period; or that the apparatus is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal set during an inactive period.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the one or more pre-defined rules specifies that the apparatus is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal if an offset comprised in the configuration and determining when the reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted, is set with a pre-defined value, or the offset is absent in the configuration.

7. The apparatus of claim 5 or 6, wherein the one or more pre-defined rules specifies that the apparatus may receive or measure the reference signal after transmitting the measurement report if an offset comprised in the configuration and determining when the reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted, is larger than a second offset determining when to transmit the measurement report.

8. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set; and receive a measurement report generated based on one or more pre-defined rules, wherein the measurement report comprises at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the reference signal set is a set of reference signals over which a beam prediction will operate.

10. The apparatus of claim 8 or 9, wherein the one or more pre-defined rules indicate at least one of: that the user equipment is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal; that the user equipment may receive or measure the reference signal after transmitting a measurement report; that the user equipment may receive or measure the reference signal during an active period; or that the user equipment is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal set during an inactive period.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the one or more pre-defined rules specifies that the apparatus is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal if an offset comprised in the configuration and determining when the reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted, is set with a pre-defined value, or the offset is absent in the configuration.

12. The apparatus of claim 10 or 11, wherein the one or more pre-defined rules specifies that the apparatus may receive or measure the reference signal after transmitting the measurement report if an offset comprised in the configuration and determining when the reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted, is larger than a second offset determining when to transmit the measurement report.

13. The apparatus of claim 11 or 12, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus at least to: transmit the offset to the user equipment.

14. A method comprising: receiving, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set; anddetermining whether to receive or measure a reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more pre-defined rules.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the reference signal set is a set of reference signals over which a beam prediction will operate.

16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, further comprising: in response to the determination to receive or measure the reference signal, receiving or measuring the reference signal.

17. The method according to any of claims 14 to 16, further comprising: transmitting a measurement report, wherein the measurement report comprises at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

18. The method of any of claims 14 to 17, wherein the one or more predefined rules indicates at least one of: that the apparatus is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal; that the apparatus may receive or measure the reference signal after transmitting a measurement report; that the apparatus may receive or measure the reference signal during an active period; or that the apparatus is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal set during an inactive period.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more pre-defined rules specifies that the apparatus is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal if an offset comprised in the configuration and determining when the reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted, is set with a pre-defined value, or the offset is absent in the configuration.

20. The method of claim 18 or 19, wherein the one or more pre-defined rules specifies that the apparatus may receive or measure the reference signal after transmitting the measurement report if an offset comprised in the configuration and determining when the reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted, is larger than a second offset determining when to transmit the measurement report.

21. A method comprising : transmitting, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set; and receiving a measurement report generated based on one or more pre-defined rules, wherein the measurement report comprises at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the reference signal set is a set of reference signals over which a beam prediction will operate.

23. The method of claim 21 or 22, wherein the one or more pre-defined rules indicate at least one of: that the user equipment is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal; that the user equipment may receive or measure the reference signal after transmitting a measurement report; that the user equipment may receive or measure the reference signal during an active period; or that the user equipment is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal set during an inactive period.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the one or more pre-defined rules specifies that the apparatus is not expected to receive or measure the reference signal ifan offset comprised in the configuration and determining when the reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted, is set with a pre-defined value, or the offset is absent in the configuration.

25. The method of claim 23 or 24, wherein the one or more pre-defined rules specifies that the apparatus may receive or measure the reference signal after transmitting the measurement report if an offset comprised in the configuration and determining when the reference signal from the reference signal set is transmitted, is larger than a second offset determining when to transmit the measurement report.

26. The method of claim 24 or 25, further comprising: transmitting the offset to the user equipment.

27. A computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform: receiving, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set; and determining whether to receive or measure a reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more pre-defined rules.

28. A computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform: transmitting, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set; and receiving a measurement report generated based on one or more pre-defined rules, wherein the measurement report comprises at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

29. An apparatus, comprising: means for receiving, from a network entity, a configuration for a reference signal set; and means for determining whether to receive or measure a reference signal from the reference signal set based on one or more pre-defined rules.

30. An apparatus, comprising: means for transmitting, to a user equipment, a configuration for a reference signal set; and means for receiving a measurement report generated based on one or more predefined rules, wherein the measurement report comprises at least one of information of a measured beam or information of a predicted beam.

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