Monitoring of arthropods

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the monitoring of arthropods on the basis of captured images. The subject matter of the present disclosure includes an IoT device, a system, and a method.

Description

[0001] BCS243040 FC

[0002] Monitoring arthropods

[0003] TECHNICAL AREA

[0004] The present revelation deals with the monitoring of arthropods based on image recordings.

[0005] The subject matter of the present disclosure is an IoT device, a system, and a method.

[0006] INTRODUCTION

[0007] Approximately two-thirds of currently known animal species belong to the arthropods (phylum Arthropoda), 85% of which are insects. A significant proportion of arthropods are phytophagous: these animals feed on plants and can impair growth, cause damage through sucking and feeding, and transmit viral diseases. This can lead to, for example, considerable losses in yield and quality in crop cultivation.

[0008] W02020 / 058175A1 discloses systems and methods for detecting arthropods in a region where plants grow, using a camera.

[0009] WO2023 / 239794A1 discloses systems and methods for monitoring arthropod vectors and for creating projective or predictive models.

[0010] US2009 / 153659A1 discloses systems and methods for recognizing and classifying objects in images, such as insects and other arthropods.

[0011] In modern agriculture, the detection and identification of pests within agriculturally used areas plays an important role.

[0012] SUMMARY

[0013] This revelation addresses these and other aspects.

[0014] A first subject of the present disclosure is an IoT device for monitoring arthropods, comprising

[0015] - a camera,

[0016] - a transmitting unit,

[0017] - a control unit,

[0018] - an energy supply unit and

[0019] - Means for reversibly connecting the IoT device to a trapping device for arthropods.

[0020] Another subject of the present disclosure is a system for monitoring arthropods comprising: an arthropod trap and an IoT device, wherein the IoT device comprises a camera, a transmitter, a control unit, a power supply unit and

[0021] Includes means for reversibly connecting the IoT device to the capture device.

[0022] Another subject of the present disclosure is a process comprising the steps:

[0023] Providing a trapping device for arthropods comprising a collection area,

[0024] Providing an IoT device, wherein the IoT device

[0025] • a camera,

[0026] • a transmitter unit,

[0027] • a control unit,

[0028] • a power supply unit and

[0029] • Means for reversibly connecting the IoT device to the capture device include,

[0030] Connecting the IoT device to the capture device, whereby the camera is automatically aligned with respect to the collection area during connection so that at least part of the collection area is imaged on an image sensor of the camera,

[0031] Creating an image of the collection area,

[0032] Saving the image capture and / or transmitting the image capture and / or information relating to the image capture to a separate computer system.

[0033] Further items can be found in the detailed revelation and the drawings.

[0034] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the IoT device from different perspectives.

[0036] Fig. 2 shows an enlarged view of the IoT device from Fig. 1 from one of the perspectives shown in Fig. 1.

[0037] Fig. 3 shows an enlarged view of the IoT device from Fig. 1 from another of the perspectives shown in Fig. 1.

[0038] Fig. 4 shows an enlarged view of the IoT device from Fig. 1 from another of the perspectives shown in Fig. 1.

[0039] Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a connecting element from different perspectives.

[0040] Fig. 6 shows an enlarged view of the connecting element from Fig. 5 from one of the perspectives shown in Fig. 5.

[0041] Fig. 7 shows an enlarged view of the connecting element from Fig. 5 from another of the perspectives shown in Fig. 5.

[0042] Fig. 8 shows an enlarged view of the connecting element from Fig. 5 from another of the perspectives shown in Fig. 5.

[0043] Fig. 9 shows a schematic embodiment of the IoT device of the present disclosure. DETAILED DISCLOSURE

[0044] The objects of this disclosure are explained in more detail below, without distinguishing between them (IoT device, system, method). Rather, the following explanations are intended to apply analogously to all objects of the disclosure, regardless of the context in which they are described (IoT device, system, method). In other words, characteristics described in relation to one object also apply analogously to all other objects.

[0045] If the present description or the claims specify steps in a particular sequence, this does not necessarily mean that the disclosure is limited to the specified sequence. Rather, it is conceivable that the steps could also be carried out in a different sequence or even in parallel with one another, unless, for example, one step builds upon another, which requires that the building step be carried out subsequently (this will become clear in the specific case). The specified sequences are therefore exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0046] The subject matter of this disclosure is further explained in some places with reference to drawings. These drawings depict specific embodiments with specific features and combinations of features, primarily for illustrative purposes; this disclosure should not be understood as being limited to the features and combinations of features shown in the drawings. Furthermore, statements made in the description of the drawings with regard to features and combinations of features are intended to be generally applicable, that is, transferable to other embodiments and not limited to the embodiments shown.

[0047] The article "ein" means "one or more," unless preceded by "nur" or "lemiglich." The same applies analogously to the article "eine."

[0048] The expressions “based on” and “based on” mean “at least partly based on” unless explicitly stated otherwise.

[0049] The term “or” is not to be understood as an exclusive “or”, i.e. the expression “A or B” includes “A”, “B” as well as “A and B”.

[0050] The terms used in this disclosure have the meaning they have in the prior art, in particular in the prior art cited in this disclosure, unless otherwise stated.

[0051] One subject of the present disclosure is an IoT device.

[0052] "IoT" is the abbreviation for "Internet of Things," which in German means "Internet of Things." The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of devices that are connected to the internet and can collect, exchange, and / or process data.

[0053] An "IoT device" is a uniquely identifiable electronic computing device configured to transmit, receive, process, and / or act upon data over a network without the need for human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. An "IoT device" is typically equipped with computer chips, sensors, and communication hardware that enable it to collect, send, and / or receive data from its environment and / or other devices. An IoT device operates autonomously within an Internet of Things ecosystem, which comprises networked IoT devices that communicate and / or interact via the internet and / or other network infrastructures. An IoT device is characterized by its ability to operate with minimal human intervention, utilizing embedded software, sensors, and network connectivity to perform its defined functions.

[0054] The IoT device is part of a system for monitoring arthropods. Arthropods are a diverse group of invertebrates belonging to the phylum Arthropoda.

[0055] Arthropods play an important role in ecosystems as pollinators, decomposers, and / or as part of the food web. They can also be of economic importance, both beneficial (e.g., pollination, silk production) and detrimental (e.g., as pests in agriculture, vectors of diseases).

[0056] Arthropods are divided into several groups (subphyla and classes), including insects and arachnids.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the term "arthropods" refers exclusively to insects and arachnids.

[0058] In another version of the present disclosure, the term "arthropods" refers exclusively to insects.

[0059] In another version of the present disclosure, the term refers to

[0060] "Arthropods" refers exclusively to adult insects.

[0061] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the term refers to

[0062] "Arthropods" refers exclusively to insects in the form of caterpillars.

[0063] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the term "arthropods" refers exclusively to arachnids.

[0064] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the term refers to

[0065] "Arthropods" exclusively on mites.

[0066] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the term refers to

[0067] "Arthropods" refers exclusively to pests of crops.

[0068] The term "monitoring" usually means that the presence of one or more arthropods in an area (e.g., in a field for growing crops) can be detected using the IoT device and / or system of the present disclosure.

[0069] The IoT device includes means for generating image captures. These are usually one or more cameras. In one embodiment, the IoT device has exactly one camera.

[0070] A "camera" is a device or system designed to capture and record images of objects and / or phenomena. A camera uses, for example, electromagnetic radiation, sound waves, or other physical processes that can be visually represented. The camera converts received signals (e.g., optical or acoustic) into other signals (e.g., electrical) and / or data that can be stored, processed, displayed, and / or transmitted. The term "camera" encompasses devices that operate with all media or technologies, including analog and digital, optical, electronic, chemical, or other methods of image capture.The term "camera" encompasses a wide range of devices including, but not limited to, still cameras, video cameras, thermal imaging cameras, radar systems, ultrasound imaging devices, electron microscopes and all future technologies that can perform the function of image acquisition.

[0071] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the camera is an optical camera. In another embodiment, the camera is a digital camera that electrically generates two-dimensional images from light using one or more image sensors. These are typically semiconductor-based image sensors such as CCD (charge-coupled device) or CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) sensors. Optical elements such as lenses, apertures, and the like serve to achieve the sharpest possible image of arthropods in the collecting area on the image sensor. A digital camera is configured to produce digital images.Digital images can be processed, edited, and reproduced using computer systems and programs, as well as converted into standardized data formats such as JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group graphics format), PNG (Portable Network Graphics), or SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics). Digital images can be visualized using suitable display devices, such as computer monitors, projectors, and / or printers.

[0072] At least one camera can be directed at a collection area. In other words, the camera can be positioned to capture images of the collection area or a part of it.

[0073] The collection area can be part of a trapping device for arthropods. Such a trapping device can be a further component of the system of the present disclosure for monitoring arthropods.

[0074] The camera is used to generate digital images of the collection area or a part thereof. The generated images can be used (i) to detect whether one or more arthropods are present in the imaged collection area (arthropod detection), (ii) to determine the position of an arthropod in the image (arthropod localization), (iii) to count arthropods in the imaged collection area, and / or (iv) to identify arthropods, i.e., to determine which arthropod (e.g., subclass, superorder, order, suborder, family, genus, species, stage, beneficial organism, pest) it is.

[0075] The foraging area is an area that can be visited by arthropods. This can be a flat surface, such as a board, map, or similar object. It can also be the bottom of a container. It can also be a liquid in a container. It can also be a part of a plant, such as a leaf, fruit, or other plant part.

[0076] The collection area is not part of the JoT device, but is independent of it.

[0077] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the collection area is part of a trapping device for arthropods. The trapping device is not a component of the JoT device, but is independent of it. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the trapping device is a component of the system of the present disclosure for monitoring arthropods.

[0078] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the catching device comprises a container filled with a liquid, e.g. a catching tray, as described in W02020 / 058175A1, W02020 / 058I70AI, WO2021 / 213824A1 or WO2022 / 243150A1.

[0079] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the trapping device comprises a surface provided with an adhesive, as described, for example, in WO2023 / 043871A1, WO20I8 / I3I853AI, W02004 / 095919A2 or EP2420695I.6. Such a trapping device is also referred to in this disclosure as an adhesive trap.

[0080] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the trapping device comprises a tent-like frame that defines an interior space into which arthropods can enter. Such trapping devices are also known as delta traps (see, e.g., WO2018 / 078638A1); however, they can have shapes other than a prism (see, e.g., EP24206951.6). Such a trapping device is a special type of glue trap, since such delta traps are usually provided with a card or panel coated with an adhesive. This special type is characterized in that the card or panel coated with the adhesive is enclosed in a housing to protect it from environmental influences (e.g., precipitation, contamination, and the like). Otherwise, a glue trap can also be open.

[0081] As an attractant, the collection area can be colored (e.g., yellow or red) to attract specific arthropods. In addition to or instead of color, other attractants can be used. For example, a pheromone or scent that mimics a food source could be used. Another possibility is the use of a source of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible, and / or ultraviolet range to attract (specific) arthropods. Sounds that imitate, for example, mating males and / or females are also conceivable. Finally, special patterns that mimic, for example, a plant are another option.

[0082] If a container filled with a liquid is used, it can be filled with water and optionally with one or more additives. Such an additive could be, for example, a surfactant to reduce surface tension. It could also be an attractant to lure (specific) arthropods. Or it could be an agent to prevent algae growth (for example, a herbicide).

[0083] In the case of a map or board, it may be coated with an adhesive to immobilize arthropods.

[0084] In one embodiment, the collection area has a rectangular shape, with the corners potentially being rounded. In another embodiment, the aspect ratio of the collection area corresponds to the image format (aspect ratio) of the image sensor used in the camera.

[0085] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the collecting area has an extent in the range of 100 mm x 200 mm to 200 mm x 250 mm.

[0086] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the collecting area has an extent in the range of 100 mm x 160 mm to 130 mm x 190 mm.

[0087] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the collecting area has an extent in the range of 160 mm x 210 mm to 180 mm x 230 mm.

[0088] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the collection area is equipped with means for immobilizing arthropods. This can be a liquid. This can be an adhesive. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the area imaged on the camera's image sensor is larger than the collection area. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the area imaged on the camera's image sensor is larger than the collection area equipped with means for immobilizing arthropods. In other words, in an image of the collection area, the entire collection area and an area adjacent to the collection area are depicted.

[0089] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the area captured by an image sensor of the camera has a size of 180 mm x 230 mm to 200 mm x 250 mm.

[0090] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the area captured by an image sensor of the camera has a size of 185 mm x 235 mm to 195 mm x 245 mm.

[0091] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the focus distance is in the range of 0.086 m to 0.11 m. The focus distance is the distance between the focusing plane of the camera and the subject (e.g., an arthropod in the collecting area).

[0092] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the depth of focus (DOF) of the camera is in the range of 0.013 m to 0.022 m. The depth of focus is the distance between the nearest and the furthest object that is sharply focused in an image taken with a camera.

[0093] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the camera includes an autofocus. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the camera uses the autofocus when generating an image of the collection area.

[0094] Autofocus is a function in a camera that automatically focuses the camera lens on a subject, ensuring that it is sharp and clear in the captured images. There are several types of autofocus systems, such as phase detection and contrast detection. The subject matter of this disclosure is not limited to a specific type of autofocus.

[0095] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the camera comprises a fixed focal length. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the camera uses a fixed focal length when generating an image of the collection area.

[0096] With a prime lens, the camera lens is preset to a specific focusing distance and does not adjust to focus on objects at different distances. This means the camera is optimized to keep objects within a certain range in focus without requiring any manual or automatic adjustment of the lens.

[0097] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the collecting area comprises a flat surface coated with an adhesive and the camera is configured to focus on the flat surface.

[0098] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the collection area is formed by a collection tray filled with a liquid and the camera is configured to focus on the surface of the liquid.

[0099] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the collection area is formed by a collection tray filled with liquid and the camera is configured to focus on the bottom of the liquid-filled collection tray.

[0100] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the collection area is formed by a liquid-filled collection tray, and the camera is configured to focus on a plane between the surface of the liquid and the bottom of the liquid-filled collection tray. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the distance between the bottom of the liquid-filled collection tray and the plane on which the camera is focused is equal to the distance between the plane and the surface of the liquid or differs from it by less than 50%, less than 40%, or less than 30%.

[0101] In one embodiment, the camera's image sensor has a resolution of at least 4000 x 3000 pixels.

[0102] The embodiments and combinations thereof mentioned here are particularly well suited to detecting, locating, identifying and / or counting arthropods in a depicted collection area.

[0103] To image the collection area on one or more image sensors, a light source is required to illuminate the collection area so that light (electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible, and / or ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum) is scattered / reflected from the illuminated collection area towards the camera. Daylight can be used for this purpose. However, it is also conceivable to use a lighting unit that provides defined illumination independent of daylight. This unit can, for example, be mounted to the side of the camera so that the camera does not cast a shadow on the collection area. A lighting unit is a source of electromagnetic radiation.

[0104] It is also conceivable to position a lighting unit below and / or next to the collection area, illuminating the collection area "from below" and / or "from the side", while a camera produces one or more images "from above".

[0105] It is conceivable that several light sources illuminate the collection area from different directions.

[0106] The terms "light" and "illumination" should not be interpreted as meaning that the spectral range is limited to visible light (approximately 380 nm to approximately 780 nm). It is equally conceivable that electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength below 380 nm (ultraviolet light: 100 nm to 380 nm) and / or above 780 nm (infrared light: 780 nm to 1000 pm) is used for illumination. The image sensor and the optical elements of the camera are typically adapted to the electromagnetic radiation used.

[0107] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the IoT device comprises one or more light sources.

[0108] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the trapping device comprises one or more light sources.

[0109] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, such a light source – whether it is part of the IoT device or part of the trapping device – comprises one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs), also known as light-emitting diodes.

[0110] In one embodiment, such an LED is a flash LED. A flash LED is a light-emitting diode that generates a short pulse of light to illuminate subjects when taking a picture.

[0111] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a flash LED or several flash LEDs are arranged in a ring-like shape around the lens of the camera in the form of a ring, a ring segment or several ring segments.

[0112] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a flash LED or several flash LEDs are arranged in the form of a strip or several strips above, beside or below the lens of the camera.

[0113] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the flash LED has a luminous flux of at least 150 lumens.

[0114] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the flash LED has a field of view (FOV) of at least 110°.

[0115] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, (i) the collection area comprises a surface coated with an adhesive or is formed by a collection tray filled with a liquid, (ii) the camera is directed towards the surface coated with the adhesive or towards the bottom of the liquid-filled collection tray, (iii) a lighting unit is located on the side opposite the surface or the side opposite the bottom of the liquid-filled collection tray, and (iv) the lighting unit illuminates this side (below-down illumination). The surface coated with the adhesive may be provided by a board or card.The panel or map, or the base of the liquid-filled collection tray, is partially transparent to the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the illumination unit, with a transmittance of less than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or 10%. The panel or map, or the base of the liquid-filled collection tray, is designed to at least partially scatter and / or diffract the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the illumination unit. The "bottom-up" illumination provides high contrast and allows the outlines of arthropods to be clearly visible in an image of the collection area.In one embodiment, in addition to the "from below" illumination, there is also a lighting unit on the side of the camera that illuminates the collection area and the arthropods located therein from above, in order to provide not only high contrast but also an image of structures and colors of the arthropods themselves.

[0116] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the IoT device comprises a housing. The housing has an opening through which electromagnetic radiation reflected, scattered, and / or diffracted from the collection area falls onto the image sensor of the camera, the opening being parallel to the image sensor. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, one or more flash LEDs are arranged in a plane parallel to the opening and the image sensor. In one embodiment, the opening is closed by a window that is transparent to at least a portion of the electromagnetic radiation reflected, scattered, and / or diffracted from the collection area, so that no moisture can enter the interior of the housing through the opening, and / or a lens of the camera is flush with the opening.It is possible that a seal is inserted between the housing and the lens to prevent moisture from entering the interior of the housing through the opening.

[0117] The IoT device has a power supply system. The IoT device is designed for autonomous outdoor operation for a period of several days, weeks, months, or even years. The power supply system includes, for example, one or more electrochemical cells, batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, and / or generators (e.g., in combination with a wind turbine).

[0118] The IoT device can be designed to harvest electrical energy from its environment. This environmental energy can be provided in the form of light, electric fields, magnetic fields, electromagnetic fields, motion, pressure, heat, and / or other forms of energy, and can be used or "harvested" by the IoT device. This type of electrical energy generation is known as energy harvesting. Energy harvesting refers to methods that capture and store minute amounts of freely available energy from the environment. This technique makes it possible to power an IoT device throughout its entire lifespan. Energy harvesting systems typically include an energy converter, an energy management unit, and an energy storage device, which could be a capacitor, for example. The energy converter transforms energy from the environment into electrical energy.For the conversion, the piezoelectric effect, the thermoelectric effect, and / or the photoelectric effect can be used, for example. Further details are described in the prior art (see, for example, http: / / www.harvesting-energy.de / and the publications listed there).

[0119] In one embodiment, the IoT device comprises one or more solar cells and one or more accumulators for power supply. The at least one solar cell and the at least one accumulator are connected in such a way that the solar cell charges the accumulator when electromagnetic radiation (e.g., sunlight) strikes the at least one solar cell.

[0120] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the accumulator has a capacity of at least 4000 mAh. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the accumulator is a lithium-ion accumulator.

[0121] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the IoT device comprises a solar module comprising one or more solar cells. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a surface of the solar module (the surface facing the sun) is provided with a water-repellent coating and / or structure. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a hydrophobic coating and / or a structure that creates a lotus effect ensures that water does not wet the surface of the solar module, but instead forms droplets.

[0122] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the solar module provides a voltage of at least 5 V.

[0123] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the solar module has a nominal power output of at least 1 Wp.

[0124] The IoT device includes an enclosure. The enclosure protects the electrical / electronic components from moisture, dirt, and / or sunlight. The enclosure prevents arthropods and / or other organisms from entering the interior.

[0125] Inside the housing are, for example, the camera, the control unit, the transmitter unit (where one or more antennas of the transmitter unit may also be located outside the housing or attached to the housing), the power supply unit, the receiver unit (if present; where one or more antennas of the receiver unit may also be located outside the housing or attached to the housing), and / or other / additional components. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the housing is cuboid in shape.

[0126] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the casing has the shape of a trapezoidal primate.

[0127] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the casing has the form of two trapezoidal primes stacked on top of each other, with the primes meeting at their respective larger bases.

[0128] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the housing comprises two base surfaces, wherein the base surfaces are those surfaces that have the maximum size (every other surface of the housing that is not a base surface is smaller than each of the base surfaces). In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the base surfaces are parallel to each other. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the base surfaces are rectangular, with the corners possibly being rounded. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the base surfaces have the shape of rectangles with rounded corners. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a recess (opening) is provided in one of the base surfaces through which electromagnetic radiation reflected / scattered from the collection area can reach the image sensor of the camera.In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a recess (opening) is provided in one of the base surfaces, in which the camera object is enclosed. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the other base surface has a wall extending at least partially around the base surface, and a solar module comprising at least one solar cell is provided in the volume enclosed by the base surface and wall. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the wall projects beyond the solar module. In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the wall extends around the base surface except for at least one location where a recess is provided, allowing water (e.g., rainwater or dew) that accumulates on the solar module to drain off the surface of the solar module in a controlled manner in one direction.In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the surface of the solar module is provided with a water-repellent coating. The water-repellent coating can cause water droplets to form, which then bead up and roll off the surface of the solar module and / or are blown off by the wind. In addition to or instead of the coating, a surface structure can be present that creates a lotus effect. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the recess in the system of the present disclosure is oriented such that water (e.g., rainwater or dew) running through the recess does not enter the collection area.

[0129] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the housing comprises two base surfaces attached to opposite sides of the housing, one base surface comprising a solar module and the other base surface having a recess (opening) through which electromagnetic radiation reflected / scattered / diffracted from the collection area can strike the image sensor of the camera. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the IoT device is connected in a system to a capture device such that the collection area is located below the camera (i.e., the camera is oriented "downwards" in the direction of gravity) and the solar module is located on the side of the IoT device opposite the camera and is oriented "upwards" (to be illuminated by sunlight).

[0130] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a base surface of the housing projects beyond the side surfaces of the housing adjoining these sides at least on two opposite sides, so that a projection in the form of a rail is formed on each side, the rails being parallel to each other.

[0131] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a base surface of the housing projects beyond the side surfaces of the housing adjacent to these sides at least on two opposite sides and optionally on one side connecting the opposite sides, so that a projection in the form of a rail is formed on each side, with two rails running parallel to each other.

[0132] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a base surface of the housing projects beyond the adjacent side surfaces of the housing on all four sides, forming a projection in the form of a rail on each side. In other words, there is a projection that is flush with the base surface and extends around the base surface. The projection extending around the base surface forms four rails, with each pair of rails running parallel to each other.

[0133] Two or more of the rails can be used to reversibly connect the IoT device to a catch device.

[0134] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the catch device comprises guides for receiving the described rails.

[0135] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the system of the present disclosure comprises a connecting medium, wherein the connecting medium can be reversibly connected to the IoT device as well as reversibly connected to the interception device and thus provides, mediates and / or establishes a connection between the IoT device and the interception device.

[0136] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the connecting element comprises guides for receiving the described rails.

[0137] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the IoT device, the connecting element, and / or the locking device comprise one or more locking elements that engage when the rails of the IoT device are inserted into the guides, thus fixing the IoT device in the guides. If such a locking element is a component of the IoT device, then the locking device and / or the connecting element comprises a recess into which the locking element can engage and lock. If such a locking element is a component of the locking device and / or the connecting element, then the recess is a component of the IoT device. In one embodiment, the locking element has a protrusion. When the IoT device is inserted into the guides with the rails, a spring element is deflected by the protrusion under spring tension. As the IoT device is inserted further, the protrusion comes into a recess, and the spring tension is released: the locking element engages.

[0138] In one embodiment, the IoT device includes one or more status indicators. Such a status indicator can be formed by an LED. In another embodiment, such a status indicator is formed by an E-Ink element or an E-Ink display. In yet another embodiment, such a status indicator is formed by an E-Ink element or an E-Ink display that consumes energy only when the displayed information changes.

[0139] In one embodiment, such an E-Ink element / display indicates when the status was last queried and / or permanently displays the last queried status.

[0140] A status indicator can show the charge level of a battery. A status indicator can show whether the IoT device is connected to a base station via a network connection (e.g., a cellular connection). A status indicator can show the signal strength of the base station. A status indicator can show whether an error has occurred. A status indicator can show what the error is. A status indicator can show when the system and / or individual system components were last serviced. A status indicator can show when the interception device was last cleaned. A status indicator can show when the currently displayed status was determined.

[0141] In one embodiment, the status indicator comprises at least one switch. In one embodiment, the status indicator is configured to display a status when the switch is actuated. In another embodiment, the switch is designed as a push button, and the status indicator displays a status only while the push button is pressed; when the push button is released, the status indicator goes out.

[0142] In one embodiment, the IoT device includes a switch for activating it. The IoT device can be configured to check its status after activation and display it via a status indicator. The IoT device can be configured to display the status for a limited time, for example, for 3, 5, or 10 seconds, or for a period longer than 10 seconds.

[0143] In one embodiment, the status indicator shows the charge level of the battery supplying power to the IoT device. Such a charging status indicator can display the charge level using discrete elements, each of which can be switched on and off. The number of activated elements correlates with the amount of electrical energy that the battery can provide. For example, if the battery is discharged, all available elements may be switched off. If the battery is fully charged, all available elements may be switched on. The number of elements can be, for example, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or more than 8. Preferably, it is 3, 4, or 5.

[0144] In one embodiment, the status indicator shows whether the IoT device is connected to a mobile network and / or the signal strength of the base station to which the IoT device is connected. Such a connection status indicator can display the signal strength in the form of discrete elements, each of which can be switched on and off, and the number of switched-on elements can correlate with the signal strength. If the IoT device is not connected to a base station, all available elements may be switched off. If the signal strength is at its maximum, all available elements may be switched on. The number of elements can be, for example, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or more than 8. It can also be more than 8. Preferably, it is 3, 4, or 5.

[0145] In one embodiment, the IoT device has an electrical connector through which it can be connected to an external power source. This external power source can, for example, supply the IoT device with power for its operation. It can also be used to charge the IoT device's battery. The electrical connector can, for example, be part of a USB (Universal Serial Bus) connector, such as a USB-C connector.

[0146] The IoT device includes a transmitter to send information over a network to a separate computer system. This information could include, for example, images of the collection area. This information could also include the results of an image analysis, such as the number of arthropods depicted in an image, identified species, and / or the number of species. This information could also include messages regarding the status of the IoT device.

[0147] The transmitting unit can be designed to transmit information via a mobile network (e.g., GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications, GPRS: General Packet Radio Service, UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, LTE: Long Term Evolution), via a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), via Bluetooth, via DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications), via a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN or LPN) such as a NarrowBand IoT network, and / or via a combination of different transmission methods.

[0148] The transmitting unit can be configured to transmit information via a short-range radio link (e.g., Bluetooth) to a base station, from which the information is then forwarded via cable and / or a long-range radio link (e.g., a mobile network). In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmitting unit comprises a modem and an antenna for transmitting information via a GSM, GPRS, 2G, 3G, LTE, 4G, 5G, 6G mobile network or via another mobile network.

[0149] The IoT device may include a receiver to receive information over a network. This information may include software updates, status queries, and / or other / additional information.

[0150] The receiving unit can be designed to receive information via a mobile network.

[0151] The transmitting unit and the receiving unit can be components of a transmitting and receiving unit.

[0152] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the IoT device comprises a transmitting and receiving unit with which information can be received and transmitted via a GSM, GPRS, 2G, 3G, LTE, 4G, 5G, 6G mobile network or via another mobile network.

[0153] The IoT device also includes a control unit.

[0154] The control unit serves to control the electrical / electronic components of the IoT device and to coordinate the data flows between different components of the IoT device.

[0155] The control unit typically comprises a processor, program memory, and main memory. The control unit may also include non-volatile data storage, such as semiconductor memory, which can be used to store images, measurements, analysis models, computer programs (software), and / or analysis results.

[0156] The control unit can be configured to determine the position of the IoT device using a GPS receiver. The GPS receiver can be an integral part of the IoT device and / or a separate unit. The GPS receiver can be located inside the housing (with one or more of the GPS receiver's antennas potentially located outside and / or on the housing).

[0157] A GPS receiver (GPS: Global Positioning System) is part of a satellite navigation system used to determine position. A satellite navigation system is based on satellites that continuously transmit their current position and the precise time using coded radio signals. From the signal travel times, a receiver (referred to in this description as the GPS receiver) can calculate its own position and speed. Well-known satellite navigation systems include NAVSTAR GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou. Since the abbreviation GPS (Global Positioning System) has become established in everyday language as a generic term for all satellite navigation systems, this description uses the term GPS as a collective term for all positioning systems.The term "GPS receiver" should therefore not be understood as limiting to the GPS satellite navigation system; it should also include receivers of other satellite navigation systems.

[0158] The position of an IoT device can also be derived from the (mobile) cell tower in which the IoT device is located. In mobile communications, the simplest method of location determination relies on knowing the cell containing a transmitting unit. Since, for example, a switched-on mobile phone is connected to a base station, the position of the mobile phone can be assigned to at least one mobile cell tower (cell ID). Similarly, the position of an IoT device, including a transmitting unit, can be equated with the mobile cell tower to which the transmitting unit is connected. Using GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), the location of a transmitting unit can be determined with an accuracy of several hundred meters. In cities, the location can be determined with an accuracy of 100 to 500 meters; in rural areas, the radius increases to 10 kilometers or more.Combining the Cell ID information with the TA parameter (TA: Timing Advance) increases accuracy. The higher this value, the farther the transmitting unit is from the base station. The EOTD method (EOTD: Enhanced Observed Time Difference) allows for even more precise location tracking of a transmitting unit. This method determines the time-of-flight differences of the signals between the transmitting unit and multiple receiving units.

[0159] Other methods of position determination are described in the prior art (see e.g. DEI0029I37AI, DE102010041548A1, DE102012214203A1, DE102015121384A1,

[0160] DEI020I6225886AI, US20I5II9086AI).

[0161] The control unit can be configured to use the camera to take pictures of the collection area. The control unit can be configured to cause the camera to take a picture of the collection area. The control unit can be configured to cause the camera to take a picture of the collection area at defined times and / or at defined intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events. The control unit can be configured to transmit images, measurements, analysis results, geocoordinates, and / or other information to a separate computer system using the transmitter unit. The control unit can be configured to receive images from the camera and / or retrieve images from the camera and / or read images from a data storage device, which may be part of the device.The control unit can be configured to receive data and / or commands and / or software updates via the receiving unit.

[0162] The control unit can be configured to detect, locate, count, and / or identify arthropods depicted in images. This can be achieved, for example, using a trained machine learning model. Such a machine learning model can be configured and trained to detect, locate, count, and / or identify arthropods depicted in images. Details on the automated detection, localization, counting and / or identification of arthropods in image captures are described in publications on this topic (see, for example: DCK Amarathunga et al.: Methods of Insect Image Capture and Classification: A Systematic Literature Review, Smart Agricultural Technology, Volume 1, 2021, 100023; C. Zhu et al.: Insect Identification and Counting in Stored Grain: Image Processing Approach and Application Embedded in Smartphones, Mob. Inf. Syst. 2018, 5491706: 1-5, W02020058175A1, W02020058170A1).

[0163] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the control unit is configured to switch between at least two states, a sleep mode and an active mode (fully operational mode).

[0164] The "sleep state" can be a state with lower power consumption (compared to the active state) into which the device can be put to save energy. It is possible that the IoT device in sleep mode is able to resume full operation upon the occurrence of a defined event. It is also possible that the IoT device in sleep mode suspends its functions and reduces the power consumption of various components such as the processor, GPS receiver, camera, status indicators, lighting, and any other peripherals and / or components that may be present.

[0165] The "standby mode" can be a state in which the IoT device consumes no energy. The IoT device may be switched off in standby mode. It is possible that the IoT device can only be returned to an operating state (e.g., active mode) by manually switching it on.

[0166] The term "active state" refers to the operational state in which the IoT device performs all tasks according to its configuration for monitoring arthropods. This includes, for example, generating images of the collection area. This may include storing and / or transmitting images and / or other information to a separate computer system. This may include analyzing images. Such analysis may include detecting, locating, identifying, and / or counting arthropods in the images.In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the control unit is configured to switch the IoT device from a sleep state to an active state at defined times and / or at defined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events, to cause the camera to produce an image of the collection area, to compress the image, and to cause the transmitting unit to transmit the compressed image via a network connection (e.g., at least partially via a mobile network) to a separate computer system, and then to switch the IoT device from the active state back to a sleep state.

[0167] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the control unit is configured to switch the IoT device from a sleep state to an active state at defined times and / or at defined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events, to check whether a network connection can be established, and, in response to repeated detections that no network connection can be established, to switch off the IoT device, wherein repeated detections may mean that a network connection could not be established "- times consecutively", where n is an integer greater than 1 (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or more). The time interval between two attempts may be minutes, hours, and / or days. Between two attempts, the IoT device may be switched from the active state to a sleep state.

[0168] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the control unit is configured to switch the IoT device from a sleep state to an active state at defined times and / or at defined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events, to cause the transmitting and receiving unit to send a request via a network connection (e.g. at least partially via a mobile network) to a separate computer system, the request serving to determine whether a software update is available.The control unit can be configured to cause the transmitting and receiving unit to receive a response to the request from the separate computer system, in response to the detection of a software update, to cause the transmitting and receiving unit to receive the software update, to install the software update, to check if the software update was installed correctly, and to put the IoT device from the active state to the sleep state.

[0169] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the control unit is configured to check whether a software update has been installed correctly and, in response to a finding that a software update has not been installed correctly, to install and / or reactivate an earlier version of the software (e.g., the version of the software preceding the software update).

[0170] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the IoT device comprises a unique identifier. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the unique identifier is applied to the housing of the IoT device in the form of an optically readable code. The code may be printed and / or affixed and / or engraved and / or stamped and / or applied to the housing by means of a laser and / or in another manner and / or incorporated into the housing.

[0171] The optically readable code can be a barcode and / or a 2D code (e.g. a QR code or a Data Matrix code).

[0172] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the optically readable code comprises a link to an internet page. A user can capture the optically readable code with a camera of a mobile computing system (e.g., a smartphone or a tablet computer). The optically readable code can direct the user via the link to an internet page where the user can, for example, register and / or configure the IoT device and / or retrieve information (such as an instruction manual).

[0173] Another subject of the present disclosure is a system.

[0174] The system comprises an IoT device and one or more arthropod capture devices. Such a capture device may be or comprise a capture tray. Such a capture tray may be a capture tray as described in W02020 / 058175A1, W02020 / 058170A1, WO2021 / 213824A1 and / or WO2022 / 243150A1, the contents of which are hereby fully incorporated into this disclosure by reference.

[0175] Such a catching device may include a surface coated with an adhesive, as described, for example, in WO2023 / 043871A1, WO2018 / 131853A1 or W02004 / 095919A2.

[0176] Such a trapping device may include a tent-like frame that defines an interior space into which arthropods can enter. Such trapping devices are also known as delta traps (see, e.g., WO2018 / 078638A1); however, they may have shapes other than a prism (see, e.g., EP24206951.6).

[0177] As described, the IoT device has means for reversibly mechanically connecting the IoT device to the interception device. Accordingly, the interception device also has compatible means for reversibly connecting it to the IoT device.

[0178] In one embodiment, the IoT device is designed to be reversibly connected to various capture devices. In another embodiment, the IoT device has connecting elements compatible with those of a capture tray and an adhesive trap, while the capture tray and the adhesive trap have connecting elements compatible with those of the IoT device. In yet another embodiment, the connecting elements of the capture tray and the adhesive trap are identical.

[0179] "Compatible" means that the connecting elements of the IoT device can be reversibly connected to the connecting elements of the collection tray and the sticky trap, so that when connected in this way, the IoT device and the collection tray or the IoT device and the sticky trap form a system for monitoring arthropods. In such a system, the IoT device is oriented in a defined way with respect to the collection area of ​​the respective trap, so that an image of the collection area falls onto an image sensor of the IoT device's camera.

[0180] When the IoT device is connected to a capture device, the connecting elements of the IoT device and the capture device ensure that the camera is automatically aligned in relation to the collection area so that the collection area is imaged on an image sensor of the camera.

[0181] It is possible that the IoT device is not directly connected to the lightning rod, but rather that a connecting device establishes a mechanical connection between the IoT device and the lightning rod. In other words, the IoT device and the lightning rod are each connected to the connecting device and are thus indirectly (via the connecting device) linked to each other.

[0182] In one embodiment, the catching device is designed as a collection tray with a grid to protect the liquid in the tray from dirt (see, for example, W02020 / 058170A1). In another embodiment, such a grid can be removed (particularly for cleaning the catching device). In yet another embodiment, the connecting element and / or the catching device includes fastening means for securing the grid in case the catching device is cleaned. Such a fastening means could, for example, be a hook, which could be designed, for instance, to engage in a recess in the grid.

[0183] In one embodiment, the IoT device is configured to detect which trapping device it is connected to. In another embodiment, the IoT device is configured to detect whether it is connected to a glue trap or a liquid-filled collection tray. In another embodiment, the IoT device is configured to detect the color, size, shape, and / or presence of an attractant in the collection area.

[0184] In one embodiment, the IoT device is configured to configure itself based on application information. This application information can be specified and / or provided entirely or partially by a user.

[0185] The application information can be determined fully or partially automatically. "Automatically" means without human intervention. The IoT device may be configured to recognize which capture device is present. For example, the capture device and the IoT device may be two separate units that can be mechanically connected to form an arthropod monitoring system. The capture device and the IoT device may have connecting elements that allow for such a mechanical connection. These connecting elements may have electrical contacts. A mechanical connection between the IoT device and a capture device may also establish an electrical connection between the two devices.It is possible that the IoT device is configured to detect, via the electrical contact, what type of interception device the IoT device is connected to.

[0186] There are numerous ways to achieve such recognition.

[0187] In resistance coding, different types of traps have different electrical resistances. The IoT device, as a recognition component, measures the resistance to determine which trap it is connected to.

[0188] Capacitors with different capacitance values ​​can be connected to the electrical contacts of various traps. When connected, the IoT device measures the capacitance, similar to the resistance coding method, to identify the trap.

[0189] By designing the mechanical connection with a unique configuration of pins and / or contacts (e.g., different number of pins, different pin arrangements, and / or use of pins of different lengths), the IoT device can determine the type of connected trap based on the pins that make contact.

[0190] It is also possible for interception devices to include an RFID transponder (RFID: radio frequency identification). The RFID transponder can be active (i.e., include a source of electrical energy). In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the RFID transponder is passive, i.e., it does not have its own source of electrical energy but is supplied with electrical energy by induction from the IoT device. The IoT device can be configured to read the RFID transponder at predefined times and / or intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events, thereby determining which interception device is present. The type of interception device can be stored as information in a data memory of the RFID transponder.

[0191] It is also possible for the IoT device and the interception device to exchange data via digital communication protocols, such as I2C, SPI, or UART, when connected. In this case, one component (e.g., the interception device) can transmit a unique identification code to the other component (e.g., the IoT device).

[0192] It is also possible to integrate an optical recognition system. When the components are connected, an optical marker (e.g., a QR code or barcode) on the capture device can be read by an optical sensor of the IoT device (e.g., the camera). The optical marker can, for example, be placed in the collection area.

[0193] The IoT device can configure itself based on the automatically determined application information. It is also possible for the IoT device to be configured to transmit the automatically determined application information to a separate computer system that mimics the configuration of the IoT device.

[0194] The color, shape, and / or size of the collection area can be automatically determined from an image taken of the collection area. The IoT device can be configured to take an initial image of the collection area. For example, the IoT device can be configured to take such an initial image when it is connected to a capture device and / or is first powered on. The IoT device can be configured to analyze the initial image and determine the color, shape, and / or size of the collection area. The IoT device can be configured to automatically configure itself based on the color, shape, and / or size of the collection area. The IoT device can be configured to transmit the initial image and / or the automatically determined application information to a separate computer system.The separate computer system can be configured to analyze the initial image capture to determine the color, shape, and / or size of the collection area. The separate computer system can also be configured to configure the IoT device based on the transmitted and / or determined application information.

[0195] It is also possible that the color and / or shape and / or size of the collection area is specific to the trapping device and that further information can be derived from the color and / or shape and / or size of the collection area, such as what type of trapping device it is, in what area it is used, for which arthropods it is intended and / or for which crops it is usually used.

[0196] Similarly, when using an attractant (e.g., a pheromone), it is possible that such an attractant is positioned in, above, or below the collection area, or in the immediate vicinity of the collection area, so that it is detectable in the first image capture. Information about the presence or absence of the attractant (e.g., in the form of a capsule, gel, coating, or the like) in the image capture can (also) be used to configure the IoT device.

[0197] It is also possible for the position of the IoT device to be determined automatically. From the position (e.g., in the form of geocoordinates) of the IoT device, it may be possible to deduce the area in which the IoT device is being used, which crops are cultivated in that area, and / or which arthropods are likely to be found there. This information can (also) be used to configure the IoT device.

[0198] The IoT device can be configured to determine its position using a GPS receiver. The GPS receiver can be an integral part of the IoT device and / or a separate unit.

[0199] The position of the IoT device can also be derived from the (mobile) radio cell in which the IoT device is located.

[0200] Another automatically determined application piece of information can be the date and / or the season. The time, alone or in combination with the geocoordinates, can provide information about which arthropods are to be expected and / or what stage of development they are in.

[0201] Configuring the IoT device may involve one or more of the following steps:

[0202] Selecting one or more models for detecting, locating, identifying and / or counting arthropods in images of the collection area,

[0203] Determine when and / or how frequently the IoT device's camera takes pictures of the collection area,

[0204] Setting the resolution of the images,

[0205] Determine whether and / or how the collection area is illuminated,

[0206] Determine which spectral range is used to illuminate the collecting area,

[0207] Determine whether a lighting unit is switched on when images are taken, which lighting unit is switched on, when one or more lighting units are switched on, and at what times and / or at what intervals one or more lighting units are switched on.

[0208] Establishing a maintenance and / or cleaning interval,

[0209] Setting a focus / focusing mode,

[0210] Setting camera parameters such as exposure time, aperture, ISO value, white balance, exposure compensation, image format, scene mode and / or image stabilizer.

[0211] Once the IoT device is connected to a safety device and configured, it can be put into operation. The IoT device can be configured to operate at defined times and / or intervals and / or upon the occurrence of defined events.

[0212] (i) To generate image captures of the collection area according to the configuration and / or

[0213] (ii) to analyze image recordings according to the configuration and / or

[0214] (iii) To detect, locate, identify and / or count arthropods in the image recordings according to the configuration, and / or

[0215] (iv) To transmit image recordings and / or analysis results and / or maintenance and / or cleaning notifications to a separate computer system in accordance with the configuration.

[0216] Further embodiments are disclosed below. These embodiments are not necessarily subject matter that falls under patent protection. As is known to those skilled in the art in patent law, the scope of protection of a patent is defined by the patent claims. The description and the drawings are to be used to interpret the patent claims. The embodiments described below are part of the description and not of the patent claims. The following embodiments are intended to give the reader guidance on how various features described in this disclosure can be combined. They are therefore part of the present technical teaching and should not be confused with the subject matter of the patent claims.

[0217] Embodiment 1: IoT device for monitoring arthropods comprising

[0218] - a camera,

[0219] - a transmitting unit,

[0220] - a control unit,

[0221] - an energy supply unit and

[0222] - Means for reversibly connecting the IoT device to a trapping device for arthropods.

[0223] Embodiment 2: IoT device according to embodiment 1, wherein the camera is configured to produce image recordings of a collection area for arthropods.

[0224] Embodiment 3: IoT device according to embodiment 2, wherein the collection area is provided by the capture device.

[0225] Embodiment 4: IoT device according to one of embodiments 2 or 3, wherein the area imaged on an image sensor of the camera is larger than the collection area.

[0226] Embodiment 5: IoT device according to one of embodiments 2 to 4, wherein the collection area has an extent in the range of 100 mm x 200 mm to 200 mm x 250 mm.

[0227] Embodiment 6: IoT device according to one of embodiments 2 to 4, wherein the collection area has an extent in the range of 100 mm x 160 mm to 130 mm x 190 mm.

[0228] Embodiment 7: IoT device according to one of embodiments 2 to 4, wherein the collection area has an extent in the range of 160 mm x 210 mm to 180 mm x 230 mm.

[0229] Embodiment 8: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the area captured by an image sensor of the camera has a size of 180 mm x 230 mm to 200 mm x 250 mm. Embodiment 9: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the area captured by an image sensor of the camera has a size of 185 mm x 235 mm to 195 mm x 245 mm.

[0230] Embodiment 10: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the focusing distance of the camera is in the range of 0.086 m to 0.11 m.

[0231] Embodiment 11: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the depth of field of the camera is in the range of 0.013 m to 0.022 m.

[0232] Embodiment 12: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the camera uses autofocus when generating an image of the collection area.

[0233] Embodiment 13: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the camera uses a fixed focal length when generating an image of the collection area.

[0234] Embodiment 14: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the image sensor of the camera has a resolution of at least 4000 x 3000 pixels.

[0235] Embodiment 15: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 14, further comprising at least one lighting unit for illuminating the collection area.

[0236] Embodiment 16: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein a lighting unit is mounted laterally next to the camera in such a way that the camera does not cast a shadow on the collection area.

[0237] Embodiment 17: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 16, further comprising at least one illumination unit below the collection area and / or next to the collection area, which illuminates the collection area from below and / or from the side, while the camera produces one or more image recordings from above.

[0238] Embodiment 18: IoT device according to one of embodiments 15 to 17, wherein the at least one lighting unit comprises one or more light-emitting diodes.

[0239] Embodiment 19: IoT device according to one of embodiments 15 to 18, wherein the at least one lighting unit comprises one or more flash LEDs.

[0240] Embodiment 20: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 19, wherein one or more flash LEDs in the form of a ring, a ring segment or several ring segments are arranged in a ring around a lens of the camera.

[0241] Embodiment 21: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 20, wherein one or more flash LEDs in the form of a strip or several strips are arranged above, beside or below the lens of the camera.

[0242] Embodiment 22: IoT device according to one of embodiments 19 to 21, wherein the one or more flash LEDs have a luminous flux of at least 150 lumens.

[0243] Embodiment 23: IoT device according to one of embodiments 19 to 13, wherein the one or more flash LEDs have a field of view of at least 110°.

[0244] embodiment 24: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 23, further comprising means for power supply.

[0245] Embodiment 25: IoT device according to embodiment 24, wherein the power supply means comprise a battery.

[0246] Embodiment 26: IoT device according to one of embodiments 24 to 25, wherein the means for power supply comprise one or more solar cells.

[0247] Embodiment 27: IoT device according to one of embodiments 24 to 26, wherein the power supply means comprise one or more solar cells and an accumulator, wherein the IoT device is configured to charge the accumulator using the one or more solar cells when electromagnetic radiation hits the one or more solar cells.

[0248] Embodiment 28: IoT device according to one of embodiments 25 to 27, wherein the accumulator has a capacity of at least 4000 mAh.

[0249] Embodiment 29: IoT device according to one of embodiments 25 to 28, wherein the accumulator is a lithium-ion accumulator.

[0250] Embodiment 30: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 29, wherein the IoT device comprises a solar module, the solar module comprising one or more solar cells.

[0251] Embodiment 31: IoT device according to embodiment 30, wherein a surface of the solar module is provided with a water-repellent coating and / or water-repellent structure.

[0252] Embodiment 32: IoT device according to one of embodiments 30 to 31, wherein the solar module supplies a voltage of at least 5 V.

[0253] Embodiment 33: IoT device according to one of embodiments 30 to 33, wherein the solar module provides a nominal power of at least 1 Wp.

[0254] Embodiment 34: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 33, further comprising a receiving unit.

[0255] Embodiment 35: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 34, further comprising a housing.

[0256] Embodiment 36: IoT device according to embodiment 35, wherein the camera, control unit, transmitter unit, power supply unit and receiver unit are located inside the housing.

[0257] Embodiment 37: IoT device according to one of embodiments 35 to 36, wherein the housing is cuboid in shape.

[0258] Embodiment 38: IoT device according to one of embodiments 35 to 37, wherein the housing has the shape of a trapezoidal primate.

[0259] Embodiment 39: IoT device according to one of embodiments 35 to 38, wherein the housing has the form of two stacked trapezoidal primes, the primes meeting at their respective larger bases.

[0260] Embodiment 40: IoT device according to one of embodiments 35 to 39, wherein the housing comprises two base surfaces, the base surfaces being parallel to each other.

[0261] Embodiment 41: IoT device according to embodiment 40, wherein the base surfaces are rectangular, and the corners may be rounded.

[0262] Embodiment 42: IoT device according to one of embodiments 40 to 41, wherein an opening is provided in one of the base surfaces through which electromagnetic radiation reflected / scattered from the collection area hits an image sensor of the camera.

[0263] Embodiment 43: IoT device according to one of embodiments 40 to 42, wherein an opening is provided in one of the base surfaces in which an object of the camera is enclosed.

[0264] Embodiment 44: IoT device according to one of embodiments 40 to 43, wherein a base surface has a wall running at least partially around the base surface, wherein a solar module comprising at least one solar cell is inserted into the volume enclosed by the base surface and wall.

[0265] Embodiment 45: IoT device according to embodiment 44, wherein the wall projects beyond the solar module. Embodiment 46: IoT device according to one of embodiments 44 to 45, wherein the wall extends around the base, except for at least one point where a recess is provided through which water accumulating on the solar module can drain off the surface of the solar module in a controlled manner in one direction.

[0266] embodiment 47: IoT device according to embodiment 46, wherein the recess is oriented such that the water running through the recess does not enter the collection area.

[0267] Embodiment 48: IoT device according to one of embodiments 40 to 47, wherein a base surface of the housing projects beyond side surfaces of the housing adjoining these sides at least on two opposite sides, so that a projection in the form of a rail is formed on each side, the rails running parallel to each other.

[0268] Embodiment 49: IoT device according to embodiment 48, wherein the means for reversibly connecting the IoT device to a catch device comprise the rails running parallel to each other.

[0269] Embodiment 50: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 49, wherein the IoT device includes one or more status indicators.

[0270] Embodiment 51: IoT device according to embodiment 50, wherein the one or more status indicators are formed by one or more LEDs.

[0271] Embodiment 52: IoT device according to one of embodiments 50 to 51, wherein one or more status indicators are formed by an E-Ink display.

[0272] Embodiment 53: IoT device according to embodiment 52, wherein the E-Ink display is configured to permanently display the last queried status.

[0273] Embodiment 54: IoT device according to one of embodiments 52 to 53, wherein the E-Ink display shows when the status was last queried.

[0274] Embodiment 55: IoT device according to one of embodiments 50 to 54, wherein one or more status indicators show the charge level of a battery.

[0275] Embodiment 56: IoT device according to one of embodiments 50 to 55, wherein one or more status indicators show the signal strength of a base station to which the IoT device is connected.

[0276] Embodiment 57: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 56, wherein the IoT device is configured to generate an image of the collection area at predefined times and / or at predefined intervals and / or upon the occurrence of predefined events.

[0277] Embodiment 58: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 57, wherein the IoT device is configured to detect, locate, identify and / or count arthropods in the image acquisition.

[0278] Embodiment 59: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 58, wherein the IoT device is configured to transmit information via a network to a separate computer system by means of the transmitting unit.

[0279] Embodiment 60: IoT device according to embodiment 59, wherein the information includes an image of the collection area.

[0280] Embodiment 61: IoT device according to one of embodiments 59 to 60, wherein the information includes a number of arthropods depicted in an image, identified arthropods, number of arthropods and / or number of identified arthropods in the image.

[0281] Embodiment 62: IoT device according to one of embodiments 59 to 61, wherein the transmitting unit is configured to transmit information via a mobile network. Embodiment 63: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 62, wherein the control unit is configured to determine a position of the IoT device.

[0282] Embodiment 64: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 63, wherein the control unit is configured to cause the camera to produce an image of the collection area at predefined times and / or at predefined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of predefined events.

[0283] Embodiment 65: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 64, wherein the control unit is configured to transmit image captures, measurement values, analysis results, geocoordinates and / or other information to a separate computer system by means of the transmitting unit.

[0284] Embodiment 66: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 65, wherein the control unit is configured to receive image recordings from the camera and / or retrieve image recordings from the camera and / or read image recordings from a data storage device.

[0285] Embodiment 67: IoT device according to one of embodiments 34 to 66, wherein the control unit is configured to receive data and / or commands and / or software updates by means of the receiving unit.

[0286] Embodiment 68: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 67, wherein the control unit is configured to detect, locate, count and / or identify arthropods depicted in image recordings.

[0287] Embodiment 69: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 68, wherein the control unit is configured to switch between at least two states of the IoT device, a sleep state and an active state.

[0288] Embodiment 70: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 69, wherein the control unit is configured to switch the IoT device from a sleep state to an active state at predefined times and / or at predefined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of predefined events, and in the active state to cause the camera to take an image of the collection area, to compress the image, to cause the transmitting unit to transmit the compressed image to a separate computer system via a network connection, and then to switch the IoT device from the active state back to the sleep state. The term "then" can mean "immediately thereafter"; however, it is also possible that the IoT device performs one or more further functions before being switched to the sleep state.Embodiment 71: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 70, wherein the control unit is configured to switch the IoT device from a sleep state to an active state at predefined times and / or at predefined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of predefined events, to check whether a network connection has been established, and to switch off the IoT device in response to the repeated finding that no network connection has been established.

[0289] Embodiment 72: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 71, wherein the control unit is configured to switch the IoT device from a sleep state to an active state at predefined times and / or at predefined time intervals and / or upon the occurrence of predefined events, to cause the transmitting unit to send a request via a network connection to a separate computer system, wherein the request serves to determine whether a software update is available.

[0290] Embodiment 73: IoT device according to embodiment 72, wherein the control unit is configured to cause the receiving unit to receive a response to the request from the separate computer system, in response to the detection of a software update, to cause the receiving unit to receive the software update, to install the software update, to verify that the software update was installed correctly, and to put the IoT device from an active state to a sleep state. Embodiment 74: IoT device according to any one of embodiments 1 to 73, wherein the control unit is configured to verify that a software update was installed correctly, and in response to a detection that the software update was not installed correctly, to install and / or reactivate a previous version of the software.

[0291] Embodiment 75: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 74, wherein the IoT device includes a unique identifier.

[0292] Embodiment 76: IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 75, wherein the unique identifier in the form of an optically readable code is applied to or incorporated into the housing of the IoT device.

[0293] Embodiment 77: IoT device according to embodiment 76, wherein the optically readable code comprises a link to an internet page.

[0294] Embodiment 78: System for monitoring arthropods comprising an arthropod trap and an IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 77.

[0295] Embodiment 79: System according to embodiment 78, wherein the trapping device provides a collection area for arthropods.

[0296] Embodiment 80: System according to embodiment 79, wherein the collection area is formed by a collection tray filled with a liquid, and the camera is configured to focus on a plane between the surface of the liquid and the bottom of the liquid-filled collection tray.

[0297] Embodiment 81: System according to embodiment 80, wherein the distance between the bottom of the liquid-filled collection tray and the plane on which the camera is focused is equal to the distance between the plane and the surface of the liquid or differs from it by less than 50% or less than 40% or less than 30%.

[0298] Embodiment 82: System according to one of embodiments 79 to 81, wherein the collection area comprises a surface provided with an adhesive or the collection area is formed by a collection tray filled with a liquid, wherein the camera is directed towards the surface provided with the adhesive or towards the bottom of the collection tray filled with liquid, a lighting unit is located on the side opposite the surface or the side opposite the bottom of the collection tray filled with liquid and the lighting unit illuminates this side.

[0299] Embodiment 83: System according to embodiment 82, wherein the adhesive-coated surface or the bottom of the liquid-filled collection tray is partially transparent to the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the lighting unit, wherein the transmittance is less than 90% or less than 80% or less than 70% or less than 60% or less than 50% or less than 40% or less than 30% or less than 20% or less than 10%.

[0300] Embodiment 84: System according to one of embodiments 82 to 83, wherein an additional lighting unit is provided on the side of the camera, which illuminates the collecting area and the arthropods located therein in a top view.

[0301] Embodiment 85: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 84, wherein the IoT device is designed to be reversibly connected to both a collection tray and an adhesive trap.

[0302] Embodiment 86: System according to any one of embodiments 78 to 85, wherein the IoT device is aligned in a defined manner with respect to an arthropod collection area of ​​the trap by means of reversible connection, such that an image of the collection area falls onto an image sensor of the camera of the IoT device. Embodiment 87: System according to any one of embodiments 78 to 86, wherein the means for reversible connection ensure that the camera of the IoT device is automatically aligned with respect to an arthropod collection area of ​​the trap upon connection, such that the collection area is imaged onto an image sensor of the camera.

[0303] Embodiment 88: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 87, wherein the catch device comprises guides for receiving the parallel rails of the IoT device.

[0304] Embodiment 89: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 88, wherein the IoT device and / or the catch device comprises one or more detent elements which engage when the rails of the IoT device are inserted into the guides of the catch device.

[0305] Embodiment 90: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 89, wherein the IoT device comprises one or more locking elements, wherein the locking device comprises one or more recesses into which the one or more locking elements engage and lock.

[0306] Embodiment 91: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 90, wherein a connecting element establishes the reversible connection between the IoT device and the trapping device.

[0307] Embodiment 92: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 91, wherein the catching device has a grid to protect the collection area from dirt.

[0308] Embodiment 93: System according to embodiment 92, wherein the grid is designed to be removable.

[0309] Embodiment 94: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 93, wherein the catch device and / or the connecting means comprises fastening means for picking up the grid for the purpose of cleaning the catch device.

[0310] Embodiment 95: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 93, wherein the IoT device is configured to detect which trap it is connected to.

[0311] Embodiment 96: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 95, wherein the IoT device is configured to detect whether it is connected to an adhesive trap or a collection tray, the collection tray being able to be filled with a liquid.

[0312] Embodiment 97: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 96, wherein the IoT device is configured to detect the color of the collection area and / or the size of the collection area and / or the shape of the collection area and / or whether an attractant is present.

[0313] Embodiment 98: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 97, wherein the IoT device is configured to configure itself based on application information.

[0314] Embodiment 99: System according to embodiment 98, wherein the application information is specified wholly or partly by a user.

[0315] Embodiment 100: System according to one of embodiments 98 to 99, wherein the application information is determined wholly or partly automatically.

[0316] Embodiment 101: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 100, wherein the means for reversibly connecting the IoT device to the trapping device comprise electrical contacts which establish an electrical connection to the trapping device.

[0317] Embodiment 102: System according to embodiment 101, wherein the IoT device is configured to detect, via the electrical connection, the type of interception device to which the IoT device is connected. Embodiment 103: System according to any one of embodiments 101 to 102, wherein the IoT device measures a resistance via the electrical connection that specifies the type of interception device to which the IoT device is connected.

[0318] Embodiment 104: System according to one of embodiments 101 to 103, wherein the IoT device measures a capacitance via the electrical connection that specifies which capture device the IoT device is connected to.

[0319] Embodiment 105: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 104, wherein the IoT device is configured to determine the type of interception device connected to the IoT device by means of a unique configuration of pins and / or contacts.

[0320] Embodiment 106: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 105, wherein the trapping device comprises an RFID transponder, wherein the RFID transponder comprises a data storage device, wherein the data storage device contains information about the type of trapping device.

[0321] Embodiment 107: System according to embodiment 106, wherein the IoT device is configured to read the data storage of the RFID transponder and to determine the type of interception device based on the information stored in the data storage.

[0322] Embodiment 108: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 107, wherein the capture device comprises an optically readable code, wherein the IoT device is configured to use the camera to capture and interpret the optically readable code and to determine the type of capture device based on the information stored in the optical code.

[0323] Embodiment 109: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 108, wherein the IoT device is configured to determine the color and / or shape and / or size of the collection area by means of the camera and to configure itself based on the color and / or shape and / or size of the collection area.

[0324] Embodiment 110: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 109, wherein the IoT device is configured to detect the presence of an attractant in the collection area by means of the camera and to configure itself based on the information whether an attractant is present.

[0325] Embodiment 111: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 110, wherein the IoT device is configured to determine a position of the IoT device and to configure itself based on the determined position.

[0326] Embodiment 112: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 111, wherein the IoT device is configured to configure itself based on a current date.

[0327] Embodiment 113: System according to one of embodiments 98 to 112, comprising configuring the IoT device:

[0328] Selecting one or more models for detecting, locating, identifying and / or counting arthropods in images of the collection area and / or

[0329] Determine when and / or how frequently the IoT device's camera takes pictures of the collection area, and / or

[0330] Setting the resolution of the images and / or

[0331] Determine whether and / or how the collection area is illuminated, and / or

[0332] Specify which spectral range is used to illuminate the collection area, and / or specify whether an illumination unit is switched on when generating images, which illumination unit is switched on, when one or more illumination units are switched on, and at what times and / or time intervals one or more illumination units are switched on, and / or

[0333] Establishing a maintenance and / or cleaning interval and / or

[0334] Setting a focus / focusing mode and / or setting camera parameters such as exposure time, aperture, ISO value, white balance, exposure compensation, image format, scene mode and / or image stabilizer.

[0335] Embodiment 114: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 113, wherein the trapping device is a collection tray filled with a liquid. The term "filled" does not necessarily mean completely filled. The collection tray may be filled to a defined degree, the degree usually being greater than 0 and at most 100%. A mark is usually provided in and / or on the collection tray indicating the fill level.

[0336] Embodiment 115: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 114, wherein the trapping device is an adhesive trap.

[0337] Embodiment 116: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 115, wherein the trapping device includes a collecting area for arthropods.

[0338] Embodiment 117: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 116, wherein the collecting area has a rectangular shape, the corners of which may be rounded.

[0339] Embodiment 118: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 117, wherein the collection area has an extent in the range of 100 mm x 200 mm to 200 mm x 250 mm.

[0340] Embodiment 119: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 117, wherein the collection area has an extent in the range of 100 mm x 160 mm to 130 mm x 190 mm.

[0341] Embodiment 120: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 117, wherein the collection area has an extent in the range of 160 mm x 210 mm to 180 mm x 230 mm.

[0342] Embodiment 121: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 120, wherein the collection area is equipped with means for immobilizing arthropods.

[0343] Embodiment 122: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 121, wherein the area imaged on an image sensor of the camera is larger than the collection area.

[0344] Embodiment 123: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 122, wherein the camera uses autofocus when generating an image of the collection area.

[0345] Embodiment 124: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 122, wherein the camera uses a fixed focal length when generating an image of the collection area.

[0346] Embodiment 125: System according to one of embodiments 78 to 121, wherein the collection area is formed by a collection tray filled with a liquid, and the camera is configured to focus on a plane between the surface of the liquid and the bottom of the liquid-filled collection tray.

[0347] Embodiment 126: System according to embodiment 125, wherein the distance between the bottom of the liquid-filled collection tray and the plane on which the camera is focused is equal to the distance between the plane and the surface of the liquid or differs from it by less than 50% or less than 40% or less than 30%.

[0348] Embodiment 127: Method comprising the steps:

[0349] Providing a trapping device for arthropods comprising a collection area, providing an IoT device according to one of embodiments 1 to 77,

[0350] Connecting the IoT device to the capture device, whereby the camera is automatically aligned with respect to the collection area during connection so that at least part of the collection area is imaged on an image sensor of the camera, generating an image of the collection area,

[0351] Storing the image capture and / or transmitting the image capture and / or information relating to the image capture to a separate computer system. Embodiment 128: Method according to embodiment 127, further comprising

[0352] Detecting one or more arthropods in the image and / or locating one or more arthropods in the image and / or identifying one or more arthropods in the image and / or counting arthropods in the image.

[0353] Embodiment 129: Method according to one of embodiments 127 to 128, comprising connecting the IoT device to the trapping device:

[0354] Inserting rails of the IoT device into a guide of the catch device,

[0355] Engaging a locking element of the locking device into a recess of the IoT device and / or engaging a locking element of the IoT device into a recess of the locking device.

[0356] Embodiment 130: Method according to one of embodiments 127 to 129, wherein when connecting the IoT device to the interception device an electrical connection is established between the IoT device and the interception device, wherein the IoT device is configured to detect the type of interception device to which the IoT device is connected via the electrical connection.

[0357] Embodiment 131: Method according to one of embodiments 127 to 130, further comprising: Configuring the IoT device based on the type of interception device connected to the IoT device.

[0358] Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the IoT device from different perspectives.

[0359] Fig. 2 shows an enlarged view of the IoT device from Fig. 1 from one of the perspectives.

[0360] Fig. 3 shows an enlarged view of the IoT device from Fig. 1 from another of the perspectives shown in Fig. 1.

[0361] Fig. 4 shows an enlarged view of the IoT device from Fig. 1 from another of the perspectives shown in Fig. 1.

[0362] The IoT device comprises a housing Gl. The housing Gl is composed of two parts: an upper part Gil and a lower part G12. The upper part Gil contains a solar module PV with multiple solar cells.

[0363] The housing Gl comprises two base surfaces. A lower base surface GF1 is provided by the lower part G12; an upper base surface is provided by the upper part Gil and is not visible in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, as it is located below the solar module PV. In addition to the base surfaces, the housing Gl has four side surfaces, of which side surfaces SF1 and SF4 are visible in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, and side surfaces SF3 and SF4 are visible in Fig. 4.

[0364] The bases are parallel to each other. The bases are rectangular, with rounded corners.

[0365] The upper base includes a wall W that runs around it in sections. The solar module PV is placed within the volume enclosed by the upper base and wall W. The wall W projects beyond the solar module PV.

[0366] Two recesses FA1 and FA2 are incorporated into the wall W, through which water (e.g. rainwater or dew) that accumulates on the solar module can drain away in a controlled manner.

[0367] A recess KAI is provided in the lower base surface GF1, through which electromagnetic radiation (e.g., reflected / scattered / diffracted from the collection area) can strike an image sensor of the camera. The camera is located inside the housing Gl and is not visible in Figs. 2, 3, and 4. The camera object is enclosed in the recess KAI.

[0368] The lower base surface GF1 projects beyond the sides of the housing Gl on the two opposite side surfaces SF1 and SF3, forming a rail-shaped projection on each side. The rails S1 and S2, visible in Figures 2, 3, and 4, run parallel to each other. These rails S1 and S2 can be used to reversibly connect the IoT device to a tethering device and / or a connecting element.

[0369] The rails feature raised sections EH1 and EH2. These raised sections can be used to anchor (lock) the IoT device in guides of the safety catch and / or a connecting element.

[0370] The housing of the IoT device has recesses RAI and RA2. Locking elements of the locking device and / or the connecting element can engage in these recesses RAI and RA2.

[0371] The IoT device includes a switch AS for turning the IoT device on and off.

[0372] The IoT device includes a status indicator (SA). The status indicator consists of two rows of LEDs: an upper row and a lower row. Each row contains four LEDs. The upper row indicates the signal strength of the base station to which the IoT device is connected. The more LEDs that are lit, the stronger the signal. The lower row indicates the battery charge level. The more LEDs that are lit, the more electrical power the battery can provide.

[0373] The IoT device includes a protective cover SB. The protective cover SB is attached to the housing using two mounting screws BS1 and BS2. Behind the protective cover SB are components that are protected from splashing water, precipitation, moisture, dirt, and / or the like. For example, a connector, such as a USB-C port, may be located behind the protective cover SB, allowing the IoT device to be supplied with an external power source.

[0374] Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a connecting element from different perspectives.

[0375] Fig. 6 shows an enlarged view of the connecting element from Fig. 5 from one of the perspectives.

[0376] Fig. 7 shows an enlarged view of the connecting element from Fig. 5 from another of the perspectives shown in Fig. 5.

[0377] Fig. 8 shows an enlarged view of the connecting element from Fig. 5 from another of the perspectives shown in Fig. 5.

[0378] The connecting element comprises a body VK. A recess KA2 is incorporated into the body VK of the connecting element, through which electromagnetic radiation (e.g., reflected / scattered / diffracted from the collection area) can strike an image sensor of the IoT device's camera. When the IoT device is mechanically connected to the connecting element, the recess Kl of the IoT device aligns with the recess KA2 of the connecting element.

[0379] The thick black arrow in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 indicates the direction along which the IoT device is inserted into the connector to mechanically connect the IoT device to the connector.

[0380] The body VK of the connector comprises two walls W1 and W2 along which the IoT device can be inserted into the connector. Walls W1 and W2 act as lateral boundaries that guide the IoT device during insertion. In the central area of ​​body VK, walls W1 and W2 have two projections VS1 and VS2, which provide further guidance for the IoT device during insertion into the connector. Projections VS1 and VS2 act as additional upper boundaries. When the IoT device is inserted into the connector, walls W1 and W2, together with projections VS1 and VS2, encompass the rails S1 and S2 of the IoT device: wall W1 together with projection VS1 encompasses rail S1; wall W2 together with projection VS2 encompasses rail S2.The IoT device is inserted into the connector until the locking elements RE1 and RE2 of the connector engage in the recesses and lock into place. The IoT device is positively locked in the connector by the walls W1 and W2, the projections VS1 and VS2, the surface OF of the connector, and the locking elements RE1 and RE2. The locking elements RE1 and RE2 can also exert a spring force on the IoT device by pressing the rails S1 and S2 against the projections CS1 and VS2. The locking elements RE1 and RE2 have a raised section. When the IoT device is inserted into the connector, its underside presses against the raised sections of the locking elements RE1 and RE2, deflecting them downwards. This creates a spring tension that presses the locking elements RE1 and RE2 against the underside of the IoT device.When the IoT device is inserted into the connector so far that the protrusions engage the recesses RAI and RA2, the spring force presses the locking elements RE1 and RE2 into the recesses RAI and RA2 and secures the IoT device in the connector.

[0381] The IoT device can be described as a computer system or includes one.

[0382] A "computer system" is a system for electronic data processing that processes data using programmable instructions. Such a system typically comprises a "computer," the unit containing a processor for performing logical operations, as well as peripherals.

[0383] In computer technology, "peripherals" refers to all devices connected to a computer that serve to control the computer and / or as input and output devices. Examples include status indicators, input devices, cameras, etc. Internal ports and expansion cards are also considered peripherals in computer technology.

[0384] The term "processing," as used above, is intended to encompass any type of calculation, manipulation, or transformation of data that is represented as physical, e.g., electronic, phenomena and that can occur or be stored, e.g., in registers and / or memory of at least one computer or processor. The term "processor" encompasses a single processing unit or a multitude of such distributed or remote units.

[0385] Fig. 9 shows an exemplary and schematic embodiment of the IoT device of the present disclosure.

[0386] The IoT device (1) includes a processing unit (20) and a memory (50).

[0387] The processing unit (20) may comprise one or more processors alone or in combination with one or more memories. The processing unit (20) may be ordinary computer hardware capable of processing information such as digital images, computer programs, and / or other digital information. The processing unit (20) typically consists of an arrangement of electronic circuits, some of which may be implemented as an integrated circuit or as several interconnected integrated circuits (an integrated circuit is sometimes referred to as a "chip"). The processing unit (20) may be configured to execute computer programs, which may be stored in memory (50), and

[0388] The memory (50) can be ordinary computer hardware capable of storing information such as digital images, data, computer programs, and / or other digital information, either temporarily and / or permanently. The memory (50) can include volatile and / or non-volatile memory and can be permanently installed or removable. Examples of suitable memory include RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read-Only Memory), a hard disk, flash memory, or a combination of the above.

[0389] In addition to the memory (50), the processing unit (20) can also be connected to one or more interfaces (11, 12, 30, 41, 42) to display, transmit, and / or receive information. The interfaces can include one or more communication interfaces (41, 42) and / or one or more user interfaces (11, 12, 30). The one or more communication interfaces (41, 42) can be configured to send and / or receive information, e.g., to and / or from a camera, other computer systems, networks, data storage devices, or the like. The one or more communication interfaces (41, 42) can be configured to transmit and / or receive information via physical (wired) and / or wireless communication links. The one or more communication interfaces (41, 42) can include one or more interfaces for connecting to a network, e.g.,using technologies such as mobile phone, Wi-Fi, satellite, cable, DSL, fiber optic and / or the like. In some examples, the one or more communication interfaces (41, 42) may include one or more near-field communication interfaces configured to connect devices using near-field communication technologies such as NFC, RFID, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, infrared (e.g., IrDA) or the like.

[0390] The user interfaces (11, 12, 30) may include a display (30) (e.g., a status indicator). A display (30) may be configured to show information to a user. Suitable examples include a light-emitting diode (LED), E-Ink display, or similar. The user input interface(s) (11, 12) may be wired or wireless and may be configured to receive information from a user into the computer system (1), e.g., for processing, storage, and / or display.

[0391] One or more computer programs (60) can be stored in memory (50) and executed by the processing unit (20), which is programmed to perform the functions described in this description. The retrieval, loading, and execution of instructions from the computer program (60) can be sequential, with one instruction being retrieved, loaded, and executed at a time. However, the retrieval, loading, and / or execution can also be performed in parallel.

Claims

Patent claims 1. IoT device for monitoring arthropods comprehensive - a camera, - a transmitting unit, - a control unit, - an energy supply unit and - Means for reversibly connecting the IoT device to a catch device for articulated barrels.

2. IoT device according to claim 1, wherein the capture device provides a collection area for arthropods, wherein the camera is configured to produce images of the collection area for arthropods.

3. IoT device according to claim 2, wherein the area imaged on an image sensor of the camera is larger than the collection area, wherein the collection area has an extent in the range of 100 mm x 200 mm to 200 mm x 250 mm, wherein the area captured by the image sensor of the camera has a size of 180 mm x 230 mm to 200 mm x 250 mm.

4. IoT device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the focusing distance of the camera is in the range of 0.086 m to 0.11 m.

5. IoT device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the image sensor of the camera has a resolution of at least 4000 x 3000 pixels.

6. IoT device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising at least one illumination unit for illuminating the collection area, wherein the at least one illumination unit comprises one or more flash LEDs, wherein the one or more flash LEDs are arranged in a ring, a ring segment or several ring segments in a ring-like arrangement around a lens of the camera and / or the one or more flash LEDs are arranged in the form of a strip or several strips above, beside or below the lens of the camera, wherein the one or more flash LEDs have a luminous flux of at least 150 lumens, and wherein the one or more flash LEDs have a field of view of at least 110°.

7. IoT device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising means for power supply, wherein the means for power supply comprise a solar module comprising one or more solar cells and an accumulator, wherein the IoT device is configured to charge the accumulator using the solar module when electromagnetic radiation strikes the one or more solar cells, wherein the accumulator has a capacity of at least 4000 mAh, wherein the solar module provides a voltage of at least 5 V, wherein the solar module provides a nominal power of at least 1 Wp, and wherein a surface of the solar module is provided with a water-repellent coating and / or water-repellent structure.

8. IoT device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a housing, wherein the camera, the control unit, the transmitter unit and the power supply unit are located inside the housing, wherein the housing is cuboid or has the form of a trapezoidal prime or has the form of two stacked trapezoidal primes, wherein the primes meet at the respective larger bases.

9. IoT device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the housing comprises two base surfaces, the base surfaces being parallel to each other, the base surfaces being rectangular, the corners of which may be rounded, wherein an opening is provided in one of the base surfaces through which electromagnetic radiation reflected and / or scattered and / or diffracted from the collection area strikes an image sensor of the camera, the base surface projecting beyond side surfaces of the housing on two opposite sides adjacent to these sides, so that a projection in the form of a rail is formed on each side, the rails being parallel to each other, the other base surface comprising a wall extending at least partially around the base surface, wherein a solar module comprising at least one solar cell is provided in the volume enclosed by the base surface and wall, the wall projecting beyond the solar module.the wall runs around the base, except for at least one point where a recess is provided through which water that accumulates on the solar module drains away from the surface of the solar module in a controlled manner in one direction.

10. IoT device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the IoT device comprises one or more status indicators, wherein the one or more status indicators are formed by an E-Ink display, wherein the E-Ink display is configured to permanently display the last queried status.

11. IoT device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the IoT device comprises a unique identifier, wherein the unique identifier is in the form of an optically readable code applied to or incorporated into the housing of the IoT device, wherein the optically readable code comprises a link to an internet page.

12. System for monitoring arthropods comprising a capture device comprising a collection area for arthropods and an IoT device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. System according to claim 12, wherein the capture device provides a collection area for arthropods, the collection area being formed by a liquid-filled collection tray, and the camera being configured to focus on a plane between the surface of the liquid and the bottom of the liquid-filled collection tray, wherein the distance between the bottom of the liquid-filled collection tray and the plane on which the camera is focused is equal to the distance between the plane and the surface of the liquid or differs from it by less than 50% or less than 40% or less than 30%.

14. System according to one of claims 12 to 13, wherein the collection area comprises a surface provided with an adhesive or the collection area is formed by a collection tray filled with a liquid, wherein the camera is directed towards the surface provided with the adhesive or towards the bottom of the collection tray filled with liquid, and a lighting unit on the side opposite the surface or the side opposite the bottom of the liquid-filled collection tray, and the lighting unit illuminates this side, wherein the adhesive-coated surface or the bottom of the liquid-filled collection tray is partially transparent to the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the lighting unit, wherein the transmittance is less than 90% or less than 80% or less than 70% or less than 60% or less than 50% or less than 40% or less than 30% or less than 20% or less than 10%, wherein an additional lighting unit is provided on the side of the camera, illuminating the collection area and the arthropods contained therein from a top view.

15. System according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the IoT device is configured to detect which capture device it is connected to, wherein the IoT device is configured to detect the color of the collection area and / or the size of the collection area and / or the shape of the collection area and / or whether an attractant is present.

16. System according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the means for reversibly connecting the IoT device to the interception device comprise electrical contacts that establish an electrical connection to the interception device, wherein the IoT device is configured to detect, by means of the electrical connection, the type of interception device to which the IoT device is connected, wherein the IoT device is configured to configure itself based on the detected type of interception device, wherein the configuration of the IoT device comprises: Selecting one or more models for detecting, locating, identifying and / or counting arthropods in images of the collection area and / or Determine when and / or how frequently the IoT device's camera takes pictures of the collection area, and / or Setting the resolution of the image captures and / or Determine whether and / or how the collection area is illuminated, and / or Determine which spectral range is used to illuminate the collecting area, and / or Determine whether a lighting unit is switched on during image capture, which lighting unit is switched on, when one or more lighting units are switched on, and at what times and / or time intervals one or more lighting units are switched on, and / or Establishing a maintenance and / or cleaning interval and / or Setting a focus / focusing mode and / or Setting camera parameters such as exposure time, aperture, ISO value, white balance, exposure compensation, image format, scene mode and / or image stabilizer.

17. The procedure comprises the following steps: Providing a trapping device for arthropods comprising a collection area, Providing an IoT device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, Connecting the IoT device to the capture device, whereby the camera is automatically aligned with respect to the collection area during connection so that at least part of the collection area is imaged on an image sensor of the camera, Creating an image of the collection area, Saving the image capture and / or transmitting the image capture and / or information relating to the image capture to a separate computer system.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein when connecting the IoT device to the interception device, an electrical connection is established between the IoT device and the interception device, wherein the IoT device is configured to detect, via the electrical connection, the type of interception device to which the IoT device is connected, the method further comprising: Configure the IoT device based on the type of interception device connected to the IoT device.

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