Fungicidal composition and process of preparation thereof

Abstract

An agrochemical composition comprising at least one strobilurin fungicide; and at least one triazole fungicide. The invention further relates to formulations comprising the composition of the present invention and a method of controlling pests infesting plants, especially crops.

Description

[0001] FUNGICIDAL COMPOSITION AND PROCESS OF PREPARATION THEREOF FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to a combination comprising at least one strobilurin fungicide and at least one triazole fungicide. This disclosure also concerns compositions comprising the combinations for controlling a broad spectrum of fungal diseases. BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE Fungicides are a type of pesticides and are useful for controlling the growth of unwanted fungi and their spores. Profitable crop production depends on effective pest control. Fungicides are an integral and important tool used by farmers to achieve effective control of fungi, in order to increase the yield and quality of crops. The activity of fungicides can be enhanced in various ways to achieve maximum benefit. One method for improving fungicidal activity is to use a combination of fungicides. However, the effectiveness of a given combination varies depending on the type of fungus (pest) to be controlled and the type of plant affected by the pest. For example, different pests affect different crops and respond to different fungicides to varying extents. Also crop sensitivity varies based on the type of fungicides being used. As a result, it is challenging to identify an appropriate fungicidal combination, the application rate of the fungicidal composition comprising the fungicidal combination, and the ratio of each fungicide in the combinations, that is needed to achieve efficacious control of fungal diseases and increase the yield and quality of crops. There are a variety of different types of fungicides, including multi-site fungicides and systemic fungicides. However, as crop tolerance decreases, lower use rates are imposed, and fungal resistance is increasingly observed. There is also a need for alternative treatments having broader disease control, curative and preventive functions, and a lower dosage requirement. It is, therefore, necessary to use fungicidal combinations which are capable of overcoming one or more of the aforementioned problems. OBJECTIVES OF THE DISCLOSURE: It is a primary objective of the present disclosure to provide fungicidal combinations comprising at least one strobilurin fungicide; and at least one triazole fungicide. It is yet another objective of the present disclosure to provide a fungicidal composition comprising at least one strobilurin fungicide; at least one triazole fungicide, and at least one geochemically acceptable excipient. It is another objective of the present disclosure to provide a method for controlling fungal growth, said method comprising applying a fungicidal combination to said plants. It is yet another objective of the present disclosure to provide fungicidal combinations possessing enhanced efficacy over the individual fungicides. It is another objective of the present disclosure to provide fungicidal combinations achieving increased yield in the crops to which they are applied. It is yet another objective of the present disclosure to provide fungicidal combinations reducing the incidence of fungal diseases in the crops to which they are applied. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE: In one aspect of the present disclosure, the disclosure provides a fungicidal combination comprising at least one strobilurin fungicide and at least one triazole fungicide. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising: at least one strobilurin fungicide; at least one triazole fungicide, and at least one geochemically acceptable excipient. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the use of a fungicidal combination comprising at least one strobilurin fungicide; and at least one triazole fungicide for controlling the growth of fungal disease in plants. In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling fungal diseases in a plant, said method comprising applying to the plant, or to a locus, or to a plant propagation material thereof an effective amount of a fungicidal combination comprising at least one quinoline fungicide and at least one anilinopyrimidine fungicide. Additional features and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the detailed description that follows, which illustrates by way of example, the most preferred features of the present disclosure, which are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure described herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE: The present disclosure now will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying examples, in which embodiments of the disclosure are shown. This description is not intended to be a detailed catalogue of all the different ways in which the disclosure may be implemented, or all the features that may be added to the instant disclosure. For example, features illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be incorporated into other embodiments, and features illustrated with respect to a particular embodiment may be deleted from that embodiment. Thus, the disclosure contemplates that in some embodiments of the disclosure, any feature or combination of features set forth herein can be excluded or omitted. In addition, numerous variations and additions to the various embodiments suggested herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the instant disclosure, which do not depart from the instant disclosure. Hence, the following descriptions are intended to illustrate some particular embodiments of the disclosure, and not to exhaustively specify all permutations, combinations and variations thereof. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the disclosure, suitable methods and materials are described herein. It must be noted that, as used in this specification, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. The terms first, second etc., as used herein are not meant to denote any particular ordering, but simply for convenience to denote a plurality of, for example, layers. The terms “preferred” and “preferably” refer to embodiments of the disclosure that may afford certain benefits, under certain circumstances. As used herein, the terms “comprising” “including,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. As used herein, the term “about” or “approximately” is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ± 10% or ± 5% of the stated value. Recitation of ranges of values are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. The endpoints of all ranges are included within the range and independently combinable. As used herein, all numerical values or numerical ranges include integers within such ranges and fractions of the values or the integers within ranges unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a range of 90-100%, includes 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 95%, 97%, etc., as well as 91.1%, 91.2%, 91.3%, 91.4%, 91.5%, etc., 92.1%, 92.2%, 92.3%, 92.4%, 92.5%, etc., and so forth. All methods described herein can be performed in a suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”), is intended merely to better illustrate the disclosure and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the disclosure unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the disclosure as used herein. While the disclosure has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made, and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the disclosure without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the disclosure is not limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this disclosure, but that the disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. As used herein, the expression of various quantities in terms of “%” or “% w / v” or “% w / w” means the percentage by weight of the total solution or composition unless otherwise specified. As used herein, the term “agrochemical” used herein is understood to denote an agricultural chemical such as pesticides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, herbicides, nematicides, plant growth regulators, and can be used interchangeably. As used herein, the term “agrochemically acceptable salt” means a salt that is acceptable for use in agrochemical or horticultural use. The salts referred to herein are agrochemically acceptable salts. As used herein, the term “agrochemical combination” refers to a mixture of more than one component mixed and intended to be applied onto plants with and without further dilution. As used herein, the term “fungicide” denotes a compound which controls or modifies the growth of fungus. As used herein, the term “fungicidal” refers to the ability of a substance to control or modify the growth of fungus. As used herein, the term “fungicidally effective amount” indicates the quantity of such a compound or combination of such compounds which is capable of controlling or modifying the growth of the fungus. The terms “effective amount” or “agriculturally acceptable effective amount”, refer to an amount of an active ingredient, such as in the disclosed combination(s), which has an adverse effect on a fungus, treats or prevents a fungal disease in a plant, and is not significantly toxic to the plant being treated. The adverse effect can include killing of the fungus (fungicidal), preventing growth of the fungus, blocking of biosynthetic pathway(s), or a combination thereof. As used herein, the term “control” or “disease control” refers to the treatment and / or prevention of a disease, and specifically, a fungal disease. Controlling effects include any and all deviations from the natural development of the disease, for example: killing of the fungal agent, retardation of disease development, and decrease in amount or degree of the fungal disease. As used herein, the term “plant(s)” or “crop(s)” refers to all of the physical parts of a plant, including for example, seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits. This term also encompasses plant crops such as fruits. The term “plant” may further include the propagation material thereof, which may include all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers, which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, tubers, spores, corms, bulbs, rhizomes, sprouts basal shoots, stolons, and buds and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil. As used herein, the term “locus” refers to the vicinity, area, or place in which the plants are growing, where plant propagation materials of the plants are sown, and / or where the plant propagation materials of the plants will be placed into the soil. As used herein, the term “plant propagation material” is understood to refer to all of the generative parts of a plant, such as seeds, vegetative material such as cuttings or tubers, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, and other parts of plants, germinated plants, and / or young plants which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil. These young plants may be protected prior to transplantation by a total or partial immersion treatment / system. As used herein, the term “seed” embraces seeds and plant propagules of all kinds including but not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corms, bulbs, fruit, tubers, grains, cuttings, cut shoots and the like. In a preferred embodiment a seed is a true seed. As used herein, the term “increased yield” of an agricultural plant means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the compositions described herein. According to the present disclosure, it is preferred that the crop yield be increased by at least 0.5 %, preferably at least 2%, more preferably at least 5%, upon application of the combinations and compositions described herein. The composition also increases the vigour / yield of the plant . As used herein, the term ‘pre-emergence’ refers to the time point before plants emerge from the ground. As used herein, the term ‘post-emergence’ refers to the time point after plants emerge from the ground. As used herein, the term “g a.i. / L” as used herein denotes the concentration of the 5 respective active ingredient in “grams” present “per litre” of the composition. As used herein, the term “g a.i. / h” as used herein denotes the concentration of the respective active ingredient in “grams” applied “per hectare” of the crop field. As used herein, the term “alkyl” means a straight or branched chain, saturated, monovalent hydrocarbon group including, for example, 1 to 50 carbon atoms (C1 to C50 alkyl). As used herein, the term “alkylaryl” means an alkyl group covalently linked to a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group that is linked to a compound. As used herein, the term “aryl,” means a cyclic moiety in which all ring members are carbon and at least one ring is aromatic, the moiety having the specified number of carbon atoms, specifically 6 to 24 carbon atoms, more specifically 6 to 12 carbon atoms. More than one ring may be present, and any additional rings may be independently aromatic, saturated or partially unsaturated, and may be fused, pendant, spirocyclic or a combination thereof. Pyraclostrobin, also known as pyraclostrobin, english generic name: pyraclostrobin, chemical name: n- {2- [1- (4-chlorophenyl) -1H-pyrazol-3- yloxymethyl ] phenyl } (N-methoxy) carbamate. Belongs to methoxy acrylic ester bactericides, can prevent and kill off all types of fungal pathogens, has wide bactericidal spectrum, is effective on various diseases of various crops including wheat, grapes, fruit trees and vegetables, and is mainly used for preventing and treating grape powdery mildew and downy mildew; powdery mildew and rust disease of wheat; barley leaf rust; black sigatoka of banana; tomato early and late blight, etc. The structural formula is as follows: Trifloxystrobin, is a strobilurin fungicide, is effective in strains which are resistant to 1, 4-demethylase inhibitors, benzamides, dicarboxamides and benzimidazoles, has no cross resistance with the existing fungicides, has good activity on almost all fungal (ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, oomycetes and fungi imperfecti) diseases such as powdery mildew, rust disease, sheath blight disease, net blotch, downy mildew, rice blast and the like, has special effects on powdery mildew and leaf spot disease, has good activity on rust disease, downy mildew, damping off, apple scab and sclerotinia rot of colza, and is safe for crop.The structural formula is as follows: The myclobutanil is a triazole bactericide, mainly plays a role in inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergot-catalpol of pathogenic bacteria, has the characteristics of strong systemic property, high drug effect, safety to crops and long lasting period, and is commonly used for preventing and treating common diseases in the production process of vegetables, fruits and tobacco, such as powdery mildew, rust disease and cladosporium cucumbers, powdery mildew of tobacco, powdery mildew of wheat, loose smut, net fishy smut, wheat stem blight, net blotch and barley stripe.The structural formula is as follows: In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an agrochemical combination. Accordingly in an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination. Accordingly in an embodiment, the present disclosure provides fungicidal combinations. Accordingly in an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal combination comprising: a) at least one strobilurin fungicide b) at least one triazole fungicide. In an embodiment, the strobilurin fungicide is Pyraclostrobin and Trifloxystrobin. In an embodiment, the triazole fungicide is myclobutanil. Accordingly in an embodiment, the present disclosure provides an agrochemical composition. Accordingly in an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising: a) at least one strobilurin fungicide b) at least one triazole fungicide; and c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. In an embodiment, the strobilurin fungicide is Pyraclostrobin and Trifloxystrobin. In an embodiment, the triazole fungicide is myclobutanil. In a preferred embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising: (a) Pyraclostrobin (b) Trifloxystrobin. (c) myclobutanil.; and (d) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. In an embodiment, the agrochemically acceptable excipients are selected from one or more of dispersant / dispersing agents, carriers, thickeners / binders, antifreeze agents, antifoaming agents, solvents, wetting agents, other auxiliary agents, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the dispersant / dispersing agents include anionic surfactants such as alkyl sulfate ester salts, alkylaryl sulfonate salts, dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether phosphate ester salts, Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Amine salt of phosphate,, non-ionic surfactant of alkoxy alkyl ether, lignosulfonate salts and naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde polycondensates,Acrylic graft Copolymer surfactant sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate; and nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylpolyoxypropylene block copolymers and sorbitan fatty acid esters and cationic surfactants such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts. Other examples include acrylic copolymer solution, polyalkylene oxide block copolymer and combinations thereof. The Dispersing agent is present in an amount of from 1.0 - 12.0% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the carrier may include minerals such as kaolin clay, attapulgite clay, bentonite, montmorillonite, acid white clay, pyrophyllite, talc, diatomaceous earth and calcite; natural organic materials such as corn rachis powder and walnut husk powder; synthetic organic materials such as urea; salts such as calcium carbonate and ammonium sulfate; synthetic inorganic materials such as synthetic hydrated silicon oxide. Examples of the liquid carrier include aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, alkylbenzene and methylnaphthalene; alcohols such as 2-propanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; ketones such as acetone, cyclohexanone and isophorone vegetable oil such as soybean oil and cotton seed oil; petroleum aliphatic hydrocarbons, esters, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile and water. In an embodiment, thickeners / binders / gelling agents may be selected from but not limited to molasses, granulated sugar, alginates, karaya gum, jaguar gum, tragacanth gum, polysaccharide gum, mucilage, xanthan gum or combination thereof. In another embodiment, the binder may be selected from silicates such as magnesium aluminium silicate, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, celluloses, including ethylcelluloses and methylcelluloses, hydroxymethyl celluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses, hydroxymethylpropyl-celluloses, polyvinylpyrolidones, dextrins, malto-dextrins, polysaccharides, fats, oils, proteins, gum arabics, shellacs, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride copolymers, calcium lignosulfonates, acrylic copolymers, starches, polyvinylacrylates, zeins, gelatin, carboxymethylcellulose, chitosan, polyethylene oxide, acrylimide polymers and copolymers, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, methylacrylimide monomers, alginate, ethylcellulose, polychloroprene and syrups or mixtures thereof; polymers and copolymers of vinyl acetate, methyl cellulose, vinylidene chloride, acrylic,Xanthum gum, cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polysaccharide; polymers and copolymers of vinylidene chloride and vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers; combinations of polyvinyl alcohol and sucrose; plasticizers such as glycerol, propylene glycol, polyglycols. . The Thickening agent is present in an amount of from 1.0 - 10.0% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. In another embodiment, antifreeze agent(s) added to the composition may be alcohols selected from the group comprising of but not limited to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,2- butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5- pentanediol, 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol, trimethylol propane, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, xylenol, bisphenols such as bisphenol A or the like. In addition, ether alcohols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene glycols of molecular weight up to about 4000, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, butoxyethanol, butylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, tetrapentaerythritol, diglycerol, triglycerol, tetraglycerol, pentaglycerol, hexaglycerol, heptaglycerol, octaglycerol. The anti-freezing agent is present in an amount of from 1.0 - 12.0% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. According to an embodiment, antifoaming agent may be selected from polydimethoxysiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane, dimethylsiloxane polymers, siloxane polyalkyleneoxide copolymer, polypropylene glycol, alkyl poly acrylates, castor oil, fatty acids, fatty acids esters, fatty acids sulfate, fatty alcohol, fatty alcohol esters, fatty alcohol sulfate, foot olive oil, mono & di glyceride, paraffin oil, paraffin wax, poly propylene glycol, silicones oil, vegetable fats, vegetable fats sulfate, vegetable oil, vegetable oil sulfate, vegetable wax, vegetable wax sulfate, agents based on silicon or magnesium stearate.. The antifoaming agent is present in an amount of from 0.10 – 1.50% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. According to an embodiment, examples of suitable solvents are water, Heavy Aromatic solvents, oils of vegetable, cyclohexanone, 2-butoxyethanol, or derivatives thereof. In principle, solvent mixtures may also be used. Biocide is selected from the group comprising of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, formaldehyde, dipropyl glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, or mixtures thereof. The Biocide is present in an amount of from 0% to 3 % by weight based on the total weight of the composition. Wetting agent is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend alkylphenol ethoxylates or polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, lignosulfonates, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, Non-ionic Block co-polymer, and Mixture of non-ionic co-polymer In a preferred embodiment, the wetting is in an amount of from 1.0 - 6.0% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. Anticaking agent is sodium silicate present in an amount of 0.1 to 7% by weight based on a total weight of the composition. Coating agent and dispersing agent is present in an amount of 1 to 5% by % by weight based on the total weight of the composition. In an embodiment, the compositions of the present disclosure are produced by combining the actives with at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient to prepare a mixture and formulating the mixture into a solid or liquid formulation. Examples of the solid or liquid formulation includes, but are not limited to, wettable powders (WP), granules (GR), Wettable Granules (WG) suspension concentrates (SC), Emulsions Concentrate (EC), and SE (Suspo emulsion) formulations. According to an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising: a) at least one strobilurin fungicide b) at least one triazole fungicide; and c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. In an embodiment, the liquid formulation is selected from Suspension concentrate (SC), Wettable powder (WP), Wettable Granules (WG), Granules (GR) and Suspo- emulsion (SE). In another embodiment, the fungicidal combinations disclosed herein may be applied simultaneously as a tank mix or together as a pre-mix formulation, or each fungicide may be applied sequentially. The undesired pathogenic microorganism for the present invention is selected from the group comprising of Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamentals, vegetables (e.g. A. Candida) and sunflowers (e.g. A. tragopogonis); Alternaria spp. (Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables, citrus fruits (A. citri), rape (A. brassicola or A. brassicae), sugar beets (A. tenuis), fruits, rice, soybeans, potatoes (e.g. A. solani or A. alternata), tomatoes (e.g. A. solaniorA. alternata) and wheat; Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beets and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cotton, cereals and vegetables, e.g. A. tritici(anthracnose) on wheat and A. hordeion barley; BipolarisandDrechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp. for e.g. Cochlioboluscarbonum(northern corn leaf blight)), e.g. Southern leaf blight (D. maydis) or Northern leaf blight (B. zeicola) on corn, e.g. spot blotch (B. sorokiniana) on cereals, e.g. B. oryzae on rice and turfs and on oats; Blumeria(formerly Erysiphe) graminis(powdery mildew) on cereals (e.g. on wheat or barley); Botrytis cinerea(teleomorph: Botryotiniafuckeliana: grey mold) on fruits and berries (e.g. strawberries), vegetables (e.g. lettuce, carrots, celery and cabbages), rape, flowers, vines, forestry plants and wheat; Bremialactucae(downy mildew) on lettuce; Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (rot or wilt) on broadleaved trees and evergreens, e.g. C. ulmi(Dutch elm disease) on elms; Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spots) on corn and cotton, (Cercospora blight spots) on cotton, (e.g. Gray leaf spot: C. zeae- maydis), rice, sugar beets (e.g. C. beticola), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e.g. C. sojinaorC. kikuchii) and rice, sunflower (e.g. cercospora leaf spot: C. helianthi),peanut (e.g. early leaf spot: C. arachidicola); Cercosporidium spp. on peanut (e.g. C. personatum: late leaf spot); Cladosporium spp. on tomatoes (e.g. C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, e.g. C. herbarum (black ear) on wheat, C. caryigenum(pecan scab) on pecan; Cylindrocladium spp. on peanut (C.crotalariae: cylindrocladium black rot); Clavicepspurpurea(ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus(anamorph: Helminthosporium of Bipolaris) spp. (leaf spots) on corn (C. carbonum), cereals (e.g. C.sativus(black point), anamorph: B. sorokiniana) and rice (e.g. C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae);Colletotrichum (teleomorph: Glomerella) spp. (anthracnose) on cotton (e.g. C. gossypii), corn (e.g. C.graminicola: Anthracnose stalk rot), soft fruits, potatoes (e.g. C. coccodes: black dot), beans (e.g. C.Iindemuthianum), citrus fruits (e.g. C. acutatum(post bloom fruit drop), C. gloeosporioides) andsoybeans (e.g. C. truncatumorC. gloeosporioides); Corticium spp., e.g. C. sasakii(sheath blight) onrice; Corynesporacassiicola(leaf spots) on soybeans and ornamentals; Cycloconium spp., e.g. C.oleaginumon olive trees; Cylindrocarpon spp. (e.g. fruit tree canker or young vine decline,teleomorph: NectriaorNeonectria spp.) on fruit trees, vines (e.g. C. liriodendri, teleomorph:Neonectrialiriodendri: Black Foot Disease) and ornamentals; Dematophora(teleomorph: Rosellinia)necatrix(root and stem rot) on soybeans; Diplodia spp. e.g. Diplodia boll rot on cotton, Diaporthespp., e.g. D. phaseolorum(damping off) on soybeans, D. citri(melanose) on citrus fruits; Drechslera (syn. Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyrenophora) spp. on corn, cereals, such as barley (e.g. D.teres, net blotch), oats (e.g. D. avenae, leaf spot), and wheat (e.g. D. tritici-repentis: tan spot), rice andturf; Esca (dieback, apoplexy) on vines, caused by Formitiporia(syn. Phellinus) punctata, F.mediterranea, Phaeomoniellachlamydospora (earlier Phaeoacremoniumchlamydosporum),Phaeoacremoniumaleophilumand / or Botryosphaeriaobtusa; Elsinoe spp. on pome fruits (E. pyri),on citrus fruits (E. fawcetti), soft fruits (E. veneta: anthracnose) and vines (E. ampelina: anthracnose);Entyloma oryzae (leaf smut) on rice; Epicoccum spp. (black mold) on wheat; Erysiphe spp. (powdery mildew) on sugar beets (E. betae), (powdery mildew) on rye (E. graminis), vegetables (e.g. E. pisi),such as cucurbits (e.g. E. cichoracearum), cabbages, sunflower, rape 5 (e.g. E. cruciferarum), peas andbean (e.g. E. polygoni); Eutypalata(Eutypa canker or dieback, anamorph: Cytosporinalata, syn.Libertellablepharis) on fruit trees, vines and ornamental woods; Exserohilum (syn.Helminthosporium) spp. on corn (e.g. E. turcicum); Fusarium (teleomorph: Gibberella) spp. (wilt,root or stem rot) on various plants, such as hardlock, boll rot of cotton, F. graminearumorF.culmorum(root rot, scab or head blight) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley), F. oxysporumontomatoes,F. solanion soybeans and F. verticillioides on corn; Gaeumannomycesgraminis(take-all) on cereals(e.g. wheat or barley) and corn; Gibberella spp. on cereals (e.g. G. zeae) and rice (e.g. G. fujikuroi:Bakanae disease); Glomerellacingulataon vines, pome fruits and other plants and G. gossypiioncotton; Grain staining complex on rice; Guignardiabidwellii(black rot) on vines, Guignardiacitricarpa(balck spot) on citrus fruits; Gymnosporangium spp. on rosaceous plants and junipers, e.g. G. sabinae(rust) on pears; Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) oncorn, cereals and rice; Hemileia spp., e.g. H. vastatrix(coffee leaf rust) on coffee; Isariopsis clavispora(syn. Cladosporium vitis) on vines; Kabatiellazeae(eyespot) on corn; Leptosphaeria maculans(blackleg) on oilseed crops; Leptosphaerulina spp. on peanut (e.g. L. crassiasca:pepperspot); Macrophominaphaseolina(syn. phaseoli) (root and stem rot) on soybeans and cotton; Microdochium (syn. Fusarium) nivale (pink snow mold) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley);Microsphaeradiffusa(powdery mildew) on soybeans; Myeosphaerellacitri(greasy spot) on citrusfruit, Monilinia spp., e.g. M.nodorum(Stagonospora blotch, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria (syn. Phaeosphaeria) nodorum) on wheat, septrotialeaf and glume blotch on rye; Stemphyllium spp. e.g. stemphyllium leaf spot on cotton, Synchytriumendobioticumon potatoes (potato wart disease); Taphrina spp., e.g. T. deformans (leaf curl disease)on peaches and T. pruni(plum pocket) on plums; Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pomefruits, vegetables, soybeans and cotton, e.g. T. basicola(syn. Chalara elegans); Tilletia spp. (commonbunt or stinking smut) on cereals, such as e.g. T. tritici(syn. T. caries, wheat bunt) and T. controversa(dwarf bunt) on wheat; Typhulaincarnata(grey snow mold) on barley or wheat; Urocystis spp., e.g.U. occulta (stem smut) on rye; Uromyces spp. (rust) on vegetables, such as beans (e.g. U.appendiculatus, syn. U. phaseoli) and sugar beets (e.g. U. betae); Ustilago spp. (loose smut) oncereals (e.g. U. nuda and U. avaenae), corn (e.g. U. maydis: corn smut) and sugar cane; Venturia spp.(scab) on apples (e.g. V. inaequalis) and pears; and Verticillium spp. (wilt) on various plants, such asfruits and ornamentals, vines, soft fruits, vegetables and field crops, e.g. V. dahliaeonstrawberries,rape, potatoes and tomatoes. In yet another embodiment, the combination or the composition of the present invention is effective for management of fungi or pests selected from one or more of. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beet, e.g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e.g. apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries or gooseberries; leguminous plants, such as lentils, peas, alfalfa or soybeans; oil plants, such as rape, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoabeans, castor oil plants, oil palms, ground nuts or soybeans; cucurbits, such as squashes, cucumber or melons; fiber plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits or mandarins; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or paprika; lauraceous plants, such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor; energy and raw material plants, such as corn, soybean, rape, sugar cane or oil palm; corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines); hop; turf; sweet leaf (also called Stevia); natural rubber plants or ornamental and forestry plants, such as flowers, shrubs, broadleaved trees or evergreens, e.g. conifers; and on the plant propagation material, such as seeds, and the crop material of these plants. In yet another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a fungicidal combination or composition comprising of Pyraclostrobin and Trifloxystrobin and Myclobutanil to control the pathogenic microorganism on economically important crops such as rice, chilli, apple, peppers, soybean, cotton, chick pea, pigeon pea, Grapes, Apple and pomegranate, tea, potato, and tomato. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a combination / composition that shows enhanced action against undesired pathogenic microorganisms, in comparison to the control rates that are possible with the individual compounds and / or suitable for improving the health of plants when applied to plants, parts of plants, plant propagation materials, or at their locus of their growth. Examples: The examples below are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Example 1: Preparation of fungicidal composition as Suspension concentrates (SC). S 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.no D X B B P r A P anenio oo D o effA W C 4 ntle3 DM n oinMinT gr inP p 1is yg z-pti ly oooy tto9pre c r iflg or ra In wtahtuiseocidy l-frealkamn x 4inly- ers dl ioebdxeydclo anrmthe-en ezy -i leo8gmAn 9Acinenuit ens itrenstrIngee rageG rt t tmeooi4i- gnn G ynri raAb beczus Segie -bln udo col lmi iy nin MgiocoAlaxt r ilo ceic egd–fnao na-ntgipidxxa ciccrt- il tv tom3eia tate tin usf-vn a vl ety-Ao nt r ee eemenn- t tleoe tr,xthec%hQ E 2e0 0wg.m1 9s26 2 3 8. .2 3 1 t0. .0 5 / wo5 0i0calc%oQ E m 0 0wg.1s1 1 2 p 2 4 5. .2 3 2 t0 0 0.0 / woo5 0sitio% Q E n 0 0wg.o1s1 1 38 3 5. .2 3 3 t0 0 0.0f / wo5 0the %pQ Er0 0wg.1 1es1 1s6 4 5. .2 3 4 t5 5. .e0 5 / wo5 0ntfu% Q E n 0 0wg g.1s26 1 3 5 5. .2 3 5 ti5.0 / woc5 0ida %lQ Eis0 0wg.d1s1 1 26 2 3. .2 3 6 t0 0 5.0 / weo5 0pict %eQdE 0 0wg.b1s1 1 12 4 5. .2 3 7 t0 5 5.0 / woe5 0low % i QnE 0 0wg.T1s1 1 38 3 5. .2 3 8 t0 0 0 a.0 / wo5 0 b le1% Q E:0 0wg.1 1s1 16 4 5. .2 3 9 t5 5. .0 5 / wo5 0 % E Q g 0 0w.1s216 1 3 5 5. .2 3 t5.0 / w0o5 0 Process for preparing Suspension concentrates (SC) formulation: 1. Charge silicon dioxide into a pre-mixing blender. Add surfactants, wetting agents, and dispersing agents and mix for about 30 minutes to obtain a uniform premix. 2. To the above mass, add sodium bicarbonate and continue mixing for another 30 minutes. 3. Sequentially add the active ingredients Chlorimuron-ethyl, Flumioxazin, Sulfentrazone, and a safener into the blender. Mix thoroughly for about 1 hour to obtain a homogeneous blend. 4. Transfer the mixture for size reduction using an ACM / Jet mill until the desired particle size (≤15 µm) is achieved. 5. After milling, transfer the material to a post-blender, followed by dough mixing with 10–15% water. Subject the dough to extrusion granulation and subsequently dry the granules at controlled temperature to obtain the final WG formulation.

[0002] S r 11 10 9 8 7 6 6 5 4 3 2 1.No D P S 3 A G A P A o A W.M o o-onlyonf t cloph E t D M T ehyrP niy T E wlylsven ne ti-bcoti- lyfaltifoalk o-ptto xoinspoxspeclif olorxac a l b xa aacct a l re kyamox15lygh y ter h –c l rsib yolem tezly0mAateate nu gt strstr 2peAe i eoi0angl:anaonnrlr eA Ai ,bFgr I-kei abnrgen 2iod noliAmglynugiA nm otx–:e ael -ngcsrnn PinagN eideta aBgetci- dttnctiehevro-eo tn iicieei v Ti cnnt sevn-epeitSrSan d- ei-lrz iiean P toio ici iastsilntgo sos rnonlvry aogluxrgfiCthpe r ec rytrn deairyfen B odoi a lp dt a ieclznmCee ilnhoeto niaen op- entcnIl eni kXtnoftotF-sl iutim no% g Q n Eak2i8 20 0 0wgo. c9e s1i06 2 3 3.. . .1 3 5 0 t 11 d0f .5o / w.05 0 0 0t0 a0h0leco SQ % mu E.s sp 0 0p t wg 1 2o1 1 1 o0 8 8 1 2 4. .2 5o20 0 5.5 / m w0s0 0Eitaikmoen Q u %aE. ls si0 0t wgs1oo1 1 21 1S0 1 2 3 5. .2 5 3n0 0 0 0 5 / m w0 u0 0 (a sS pkE oeQ %) eE.F ms0 0t wg 1 o 0o1 1 1 11 1 u0 4 5. .2 3 40 0 5 5 0.5.5r / m w0m0 0lsiaoukne laQ % (tE.Siso0 0t wg E 1 0on 210 5 55 2 2 6. .2 3 50 5.5 / )m w0.0 0Faok%remQ 2 E m 0 0 0 8 2 91 gw0.6 2 3 3 u. . . .1 3 5 0a s0.k 5.60 t5 0 0 0l / o w a0e t%ioQ E m 0 0 n 2 1 1 1wg.18 8 2 4. .2 5a s0 0 5.5:k 7 t0 0 / o wem % Q Ea0 0k1 1 21 1wg.1 2 3 5. .2 5e s0 0 0 0 58 t 10 0 / o w00 m % Q Ea0 0k0 1 1 1 11 1wg.4 5. .2 3e s0 0 5 5 0. .5 5 9 t 10 0 / o w00 Q %.Es0 0t1 g 0o21w0 5 55 2 2 6. .2 30 5.15 m0 0 0 / w0ake Process for preparing Suspo Emulsion (SE) Formulation. Charge the required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer into a mixing vessel. Add gum powder under continuous stirring and homogenize to form a gum solution. The gum solution is prepared 12–18 hours prior to use. Charge the required amount of demineralized (DM) water into a vessel. Add wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agents sequentially, followed by homogenization using a high-shear homogenizer for 60–90 minutes, thereby obtaining a uniform homogenized slurry. Introduce the technical active ingredient(s) and other required adjuvants (excluding antifreeze agents and thickeners) into the homogenized slurry under stirring to form a uniform mixture. Add half of the total required quantity of antifoam agent into the slurry. Pass the obtained uniform slurry through a Dyno-Mill or equivalent particle size reduction equipment until the desired particle size is achieved. Add the remaining half of the antifoam agent together with the antifreeze agent to the milled material and mix thoroughly. Finally, add the gum solution (prepared in Step 1) to the mixture and homogenize to obtain the final Suspo-emulsion (SE) formulation.

[0003] S 1r0 9 8 7 6 5 43 2 1.no F i S i A T S D L W D M T.T E l naosualki a ligingingr inP g y a xiylo ube ilnd alfs scyrl fp p ltor r rt ceoax t e eoe muifi rllr u iycld d dnoeoe e- n nxaml -mC nsopr rlbu 3g yas si i iaSam i ie e e Iupthn pen n ns ln nsAl :fue s thtro rtoFgig gn bi t t tao-o 3Plgnlw nthf riuAblba a aoc e :e ea ig tda n C nnadel iPningteltyldeege aet-nicl emnrrSa eana iet nycticcoptei-vtteS i dtt-idvSs ah voeaiuoeyrdeadlml iCutiuimoom nm o Q pfoS %FsE 1 ut io2 t 20 5 5wgi0 n 8 93 4 8o M00. . .1 0 0 1g. . . . .0 0 0 0 5n / w.00 0 0i0aock idfetahQlCeS %WE o t 1om 0 5 5 2 1 1 2wg0 5 5eM0 0 00.2.0.0.0 2ptt.0.0 / w.0. .0 00 0 0 0aoakbsietlieoMPn % o Q EaawkS 10 5 5wgs5 5 5 5 5 de5W. . .5 0 0 3t1.0.0.0. .0 0o / we .00 0 00r0e(tW taM b % P Q Ea lk) eS 1 2 20 5 5 1wgF2 2Pe0 0 50t.2.0.0 4o1. .0 0o / wo. . . .0 0 0 00 0 00rwm0 du Mel%arQ Ea(tk WiSo0 5 5wg 5 55 3 6e3 n. . .1 0 0 5t10 P. . . . .0 0 0 0 0o / w0 0 0.0)0Fo M %rmQ EakS 0 5 5 1 1 1wg u 3 4 8e0 0 0.1.0.0 6tl1 a.0.0.0o / w. . .0 0 00 0 00ti0on M:% Q Eak1S 0 5 2 1 2wg0 5 5 5e0 0.2.0.0 71t .0.0. .0 0o / w.0.00 0 00 00 M % Q EakS 1 10 6 5wg 55 5 5e5 5. . .5 0 0 81t . . . .0 0 0 0o / w. .0 00 0 000 Q S % E 1to0 5 5 1 1 1 1wg0 2 2M0 0 0 00.2.0.0 9.0.0 / w.0. . .0 0 00 0 0ake M % E QakgS 0 5 5w5 85 3 6e21.1.0.0t10. . . . .0 0 0 0 0o / w00 0 000 Process for Preparing Wettable Powder (WP) Formulation 1. Charge the required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, and technical active ingredient(s) into a premixing blender. Homogenize the mixture for approximately 60 minutes to obtain a uniform pre-blended material. 2. Subject the pre-blended material to grinding using a Jet Mill or Air Classifier Mill to achieve the desired fine particle size. 3.Transfer the ground material into a post blender and continue blending for approximately 1.5 hours to obtain a homogeneous final material. 4. Unload the homogeneous material and subject it to quality analysis to confirm conformity with desired specifications.

[0004] S T 1 r a E0 6 4 2.b x 9 8 7 5 3 1nla oe- m F4iS i A T naSo nl aD Su WsuD M T P.p y:Flelleorxtiflco ud ipuhisple f eatttlfoispyriflru4ine clo oac n:P-Cahnamimmthpa rsi e nga rsib xylogros le n Ate nu n g gt strstriciepni a -o o dPglnawiAeb baaaoc e I rigda s n n C al ininglultyegeCeat-ntlcemrilSraanfaoty oocetic- otnv tteSmdn -i it dvSh voeoa iepioueyidt ennfediomliniFu b ngti susgmLg uil rtm eeirnnedroaeduad gdlnl iikegireyiniyocneninl tdloft ttahlceo W% m Q 2 E 20 5 5 3 4 8 8 9 GS 0 pgw. . .1 0 0.0.0.0. .0 5o.0t 0 0 01(o0 / w Wsitieo% QttE n 1 20 5 5 2 1 5a5S 0 0 0 gw. . . .2 0 0 0 ab. .0 0.0. .0 00 0 0 02tos / wleW G %Q G E 10 5 5r5 55 5 5aS 5 gw. . .5 0 0(. . . . .0 0 0 0 0nW.0t 0 0 03ou / wlee%t) tQ Ea1 2 20 5 5 1F2 2S 0 0 0 5 bgw. . .2 0 0o. .0 0.0. . .0 0 0t 0 0 04lro / wemG %u QrE 0 5 5ala5 55 3 6 3S gwn.1.0.00. ..0.0.0 0 0ti t 0 0 0 u5 oo / wnle) %.QFE 1 1 10 5 5 3 4 8S 0 0 0 g ow.1.0.0.0.0.0. . .0 0 0t 0 0 06ro m / wu%Q 1lEa20 5 2 1 5 50 5S 00 gw.2.0.0ti. ..0.0 0 0 o. .0 0t 0 0 07o0 / wn :%Q E 1 10 6 5 55 5 5S 5 5 gw.5.0.0..0.0.0 0. .0 0t 0 0 08o / w%Q E 1 1 10 5 5 12 2S 0 0 00 gw.2.0.0.0.0. . . .0 0 0 00 0 09to / w%E Q 0 5 5 5 85 3 6 g 2Sw.1.0.00. ..0.0.0 0 0 1t 0 0 0o / w0 Process for Preparation of Fungicidal composition as Wettable Granules (WG) Formulation 1) A required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, adjuvants, and technical active ingredient(s) are charged into a premixing blender and homogenized for approximately 30 minutes to obtain a 2) uniform pre-blended material. 3) The pre-blended material obtained from step 1 is subjected to Jet milling or air classifier milling for micronization, followed by post blending for about 1.5 hours to ensure homogeneity of the milled powder. 4) A required quantity of water is then added to the homogeneous powder mixture to form a dough-like mass. The dough is passed through an extruder to form granules of the desired size. 5) The wet granules obtained are dried using a fluidized bed dryer. The dried granules are then graded using vibrating screens to obtain the final wettable granules (WG) with uniform particle size.

[0005] 8 6 4 2 N o S T r a E 7 5 3 1 . b x .la e- m S5p i T a v inC Su W B n a D M T P olpi ry:Flelic lcuya lf ettenhspy a s ml a tinate ic in dflrt au5herlo oxcln:Posbggly gaac iups rA nnl& eoseitrotncgtdr phoagiwon d DIo1ebnae abndgisa6lgilnriuin ae s t e- lp-a r3rn cS e Clfa t2te aoidtoci o:tcrovsntdi Si snii vmevni a ez niout eo ie eg d pemntisi nfiougan Fg Lgmr sge ue r iatdenrueidnaodilt r ey kg: inniPeyenl intooclittdlyftah%lCeM Q 2 E 5 2 2 682G9Swg o0. . . . .0 0 0 0 0a .5kmR1.00 0 0 00 t / wo0ep (Go M Q 1 Ew 2 3 85s0 5 %rS g 5i . . . .t5 0 0 0 aa / w. .0 0 ik 2.0 0 000tono0eu n %laM Q 1 1 Ee3 4 18 00 1s sSwg5). .0 0a5G. . .0 0 0k 3.F00 0 t / wo.000eRo r ( Mm G% Q 1 E ua5 2 2 4kr5 5 1aSwgl . . . .a0 0 0 05e . .00n4t 0 0 0 01 / wto.00 ui0o0lne%s .)Q M E 5 2 3 5 2F5 2Swg. . . . .0 0 0 0 0a0.0ok 5t 0 0 0 00 / o.w0remM % u Q Ea5 2 2 65lk5a5Swg. . . . .0 0 0 0 0.0e .0ti6t 0 0 0 001 o / o w0 n0:M % Q 1 1 E 1a2 3 8k0 05 0Swg. . .5 0 0e . . .0 0 0.0 7t 0 0 01 / o w0 000 M % Q 1 E 1a3 4 5k8 0 5 5Swg. . .0 0 0e . . .0 0 0.0 8t 0 0 01 / wo000 M % Q E 2a5 2 2 45k5 0Swg. . . . .0 0 0 0 0e .0.0 9t 0 0 0 001 / o w00 M % E Qa5 2 3 5 5 1k5 gSw0. . . . .0 0 0 0 0.0e1.0t 0 0 0 001 / wo000 Process for Preparation of Fungicidal composition as GR (Granule) Formulation 1) The required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, adjuvants, and technical active ingredient(s) is charged into a premixing blender and homogenized for approximately 30 minutes to obtain a pre-blended material. 2) The pre-blended material obtained in Step 1 is subjected to grinding through a Jet Mill or Air Classifier Mill, followed by blending in a post-blender for approximately 1.5 hours to obtain a homogeneous fine powder. 3) The required quantity of silica sand is charged into a rotary drum granulator, and the silica sand particles are pre-wetted with an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution to facilitate adhesion of actives. 4) The fine powder obtained in Step 2 is slowly added over the wetted silica sand within the rotary drum, while maintaining continuous rotation to ensure uniform coating of the particles. 5) The entire content within the rotary drum is mixed for 30–45 minutes until well-coated, stable granules are formed.

[0006] T E S 3 1rab x . a 7 6 5 4 2Nle- m o6p .:FlesoH D Cao EilnMinTinP u6veaimynifNmg y grif g y n:evcgPlo on o ure clrelore racrentyeathy h eicnls- sd oiif ienbdxd luienyien oInigcid parolx u onimfoanert t t strstrrearaorf is-acn obtob dlCtia i iroaml icni enn oa M nttnianmc a cea a t anmdtsoi cx ictpv titiftvsuiod v Fe er se eue itinog % Q n 2 m E 1 1 1 8 2i9.Sco0 0 2 0wgi.0a .dk 5. . . . .0 0 0 0f01 t0 / w taeo hlCe% QEm o E 1 1 20 5 5.Sm5 2 0 Cwga . . .0 0 0k. . . .0 0 0 2pt / w(eo Eo ms% Qit m Ei2 2 1 1 1 u 5o.S0 0 0 5 5wga ln.0ks . . . . . .0 0 0 0 0 3 i t / w oeaonsE C% Q m C E 3 1 1 1 1 o 5.S0 5 0 0 0 nwga .0(k. . . . . .0 0 0 0 0 E 4ct / weeomnt ur % QamlE 1 1 1s5 8i.S2t5 0 0wgoa e0. .k 0 0 ). . . .0 0 0n5 t / weFo Co or% Qmn m E 1 1 5 15 5. cSu0 2 0wg e.0a . .0 0k n. . . .0 0 00l6 a t / weottrio an %tQ meE 1 1 1 5 1.)5.S0 0 2 0wg.0 Fa .0k. . . . .0 0 0 007 to / weorm % Q u m E 1 1 1 5 5 5la.S2 2 0wg.0a . .k 0 0t . . . .0 0 008it / oweon : % Q m E 1 1 1 5 25.S0 0 5 0wg.0a .0k. . . . .0 0 0 009 t / weo% Q E m 1 1 1 5 1 5.gS5 0 0 0w.0a .0k 1. . . . .0 0 0 00t / w0eo TABLE: 7 EC (Emulsion Concentrate) Sr. No. Ingredients Function Qty (g) Qty (g) Qty (g) A A A 1 Pyraclostrobin active Active 29.50 20.0 20.0 ingredient Ingredient 2 Trifloxystrobin active Active 20.0 15.0 5.0 ingredient Ingredient 3 Myclobutanil active Active 8.00 5.00 5.00 ingredient Ingredient 4 Emulsifiers - Mixture of Emulsifiers 12.0 10.0 15.0 Non-ionic and anionic surfactants 5 Cyclohexanone Solvent 10.0 12.0 10.0 6 Dimethyl formamide Solvent 10.0 12.0 10.0 7 Heavy aromatic solvent Solvent Q.S. to make Q.S. to make Q.S. to make 100.0 100.0 100.0 Process for Preparing an Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) Formulation 1. The required quantities of heavy aromatic solvent, cyclohexanone, and dimethylformamide are charged into a mixing vessel. 2. The required quantity of emulsifiers is added to the solvent mixture obtained in Step 1, followed by homogenization for a period ranging from 60 to 90 minutes using a high-shear homogenizer, to obtain a homogeneous solvent–emulsifier mixture. 3. The technical grade active ingredients, namely Pyraclostrobin, Trifloxystrobin, and Myclobutanil, are sequentially added into the homogenized solvent– emulsifier mixture under continuous stirring until a uniform solution is obtained. 4. The obtained Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) is tested as per laid down specifications. After qualifying the quality control tests, the EC formulation is filled into desired pack sizes for storage and distribution. Example 7: Evaluation of Bio-efficacy & Phytotoxicity of Fungicidal Composition and thereof Pyraclostrobin and Trifloxystrobin and Myclobutanil EC against Anthracnose & Powdery mildew disease on Chilli crop. Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important spice cum vegetable crop of India and is widely grown on all parts of tropical and subtropical regions of India. It belongs to the family Solanaceae and Genus Capsicum. Chilli is attacked by several fungal, bacterial and viral diseases among them; powdery mildew, anthracnose and die back are found to be the major diseases incurring heavy losses, if not cared. The powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica (Lev.) is a major constraint in chilli production in India causing heavy yield loss ranging from 14 to 20%, due to severe defoliation and reduction in photosynthesis, size and number of fruits per plant. Also, the anthracnose of chilli caused by Colletotrichum capsici bring a typical anthracnose symptom on chilli leaf and fruit include sunken necrotic tissues, with concentric rings of acervuli, which may cause yield losses of up to 50%. Die back disease causes necrosis of tender twigs from the tip to backward and Numerous black dots (acervuli of fungus) are found scattered all over the necrotic surface of the affected twigs. Various strategies have been suggested for the control of these diseases. However, chemical methods are the most efficient and economical way of controlling diseases all over the world. Keeping in view of the above reason management of powdery mildew anthracnose and die back of chilli has become an issue in present condition as it damages crops at peak harvesting period. Materials and Methods: The present experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2024-25 at the Vegetable Farm, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. The plants grow under standard cultural package of practices. The details of the experiment procedures followed, materials used, and techniques adopted during experimentation are described briefly here below. Experimental Site: Guntur situated in tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons characterized by hot, humid conditions and is in the hot humid region of India. Lies between 16030´ North latitude and 80043´ East longitudes at an elevation of 33 m, above mean sea level. Experimental Materials: A very popular cultivar of Chilli – Indham 5” was used for the present study. All the plots received uniform cultural operations throughout the experimental period and the entire experimental field was kept clean and well maintained. The quantity of fertilizers and manures were applied uniformly under all the treatments as per the RDF. Spraying The test chemicals were sprayed with the help of backpack knap sac sprayer with a hallow cone nozzle. The 1stspraying was done when the incidence of appeared. The subsequent spray was given at an interval of 15 days. Spraying was done at evening hour. A total of two sprays were given. Observations recorded: The observations on diseases must be taken by taking out the percentage of plants infected with the disease in each plot of each treatment under different replications at morning hour. The per cent disease severity / index were then calculated as the summed value in each class and then taking out the mean value from the recorded data. In case of powdery mildew and Anthracnose, per cent disease severity / index is commonly estimated visually on the basis of the proportion of leaf area affected. The observations for efficacy evaluation are recorded for treatment no.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8and 10 only as per the objective of project. 1. Powdery mildew In case of Powdery Mildew disease severity classes was recorded based on 1-5 rating scales as described by Ullasaet al. (1981). Were, 1 = resistant, no symptoms R 2 = moderately resistant, with 10% of the leaf area affected MR 3 = moderately susceptible, with 11-20% of the leaf area affected MS 4 = susceptible, with 21-50% of the leaf area affected S 5 = highly susceptible, with 51% or more of the leaf area affected HS 2. Anthracnose In case of anthracnose disease severity classes were recorded by using 0-5 scale (Jeyalakshmi and Seetharaman, 1998) where 0- no disease, 1- up to 5%, 2- 5 to 10%, 3- 10 to 25 %, 4- 25 to 50 % and 5- above 50%. The per cent disease severity index for powdery mildew and Anthracnose was calculated by using the following formula: Disease incidence (%) =Number of diseased leaves / penicles / fruits x 100 Total number of leaves / bunches inspected Disease Severity Index(%)= Sum of all disease rating x 100 Total number of leaves / bunches assessed x maximum score in scale In addition to disease severity index, data on per cent reduction / increase over control for each observation were also calculated for powdery mildew and anthracnose diseases after 15 days of 1stand 2ndspray. Phytotoxicity Phytotoxicity was recorded individually for yellowing, stunting, necrosis, epinasty and hyponasty. The observations are recorded at 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7thand 10thdays after first application for treatments no.2, 8 and 9 only as per objective of project. Phytotoxicity Rating Scale (PRS) Crop response / crop injury Rating 1-10% 1 11-20% 2 21-30% 3 31-40% 4 41-50% 5 51-60% 6 61-70% 7 71-80% 8 81-90% 9 91-100% 10 Yield Weight of chilli from each plot picking wise were recorded and expressed in kg for plot yield and converted into q / ha based on per unit area yield. Data on % increase in yield over control was also calculated. Statistical analysis: The observations recorded during course of investigation were subjected to statistical analysis by adopting appropriate Model “Analysis of variance” according to the procedure described by Panse and Sukhatme, 1985.Critical difference (CD) with in the treatment was calculated in order to compare the treatment at 5% level of significance. T T T T T T T T T a D1 1 1 T T T T N2 1 098 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 o T ber lt ea8ilM P T M 2 1 P 2 2 P:s C T T Poy yr eb5%eb0%y 0%y 0 y 20 Po %y 20 Pnt clra ifloue% %yfctirura ra ra ra ra trec c c c crW + + + + +ocacao l l l l l lxo oo o o o o obmyM M M M Mln ntGums s s s s sst a a t t t t t5r r r r r rty y y y ytz zaro o o o o o5on o oec c c c cnb b b b b bl l l l l%bo o o o ol li i i i i i ie eln n n n n nFtinb b b b b1 +s6 :o2u u u u u1 2 2 2 20 52.7 P0r%t t t t t9 9 9 9 90 a a a a a5m%% yn n n n n%%. . . . .5 5 5 5 5 Wur i i i i i% % % % %+ Wa l l l l lWcl5 8 8 8 8 aP +l C% % % % %+ + + + +GotG ioa sT T T T TpTtnrot r r r r r ra i i i i i ib f f f f f fn l l l l l lo o o o o oin 2x x x x x x65y y y y y y.%9s s s s s s%t t t t t tr r r r r r W o o o o o o Sb b b b b bGCi i i i i in n n n n nIn1 1 1(1 g 5A0 1 8 7 D 16 7 4 10 4 / r0 8 6 1h0 12 9 3 eco0 7g5d. .aG 2 8t0i.. . .35 6 7sm 0.ve55 5) im 18 5eent(F15 1 3 1 o0 2 2 205 2 17 1 80r5 5 5005 2mD5 2 70 0 0 0 / 00 5h0g. .5 5oum g G GaG G GmgsG G ela / )hM Mmm ml / h / / hm mhtaiaoa an D 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5iWl(L u0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 atiito L L L L L L L L L L Lterenrt t t t t t t t t t t)s s s s s s s s s s s ind u V o g Fe a s f a aq n t ninioe s ivirazpeu d dres sn1 adltpuseeti ep n5 uon Ts tsnv pmspem mdodcfpl iomj 5 deu tiorcliwunbh0e a f raananys0 mgy eyaee.ddt tt&t siro o p W u oti a etos s estnopLpnlras eaea ftantfr r / dsh h h ba b at tseey ytesr r. e a e e e

[0007] Tab T T T T T T T T 7 5 4 3 1nl6 2eo . 9 : P M T T + + P + + P + + P +evEyr e riflebMTy yrMTy r MTy M + rTPy +M + rTPy r a luffecacltoira ou m xycoc rifac y crifac y crifac y crifac yrifac atnlo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo loclo lo lotoix x x x x Tb b b b bs s s s s sos ay y y y yt5t t t t t fr r r r r ru u u u uztrrno o o o o o e5o os s s s st t t t tPab b b b b ba a a a at t t t t%r r r r r obn n n n nlo o o o oyi i i i i inen n n n ntmnini i i i ib b b b b r+ 5l l l l l5 1 2 2 2 25 8 8 8 8a2i i i i ip0n n n n ne% 9 9 9 9 9n% % % % %%5co1 2 2 2 2 l. . . . .5 5 5 5 5%towWs0 0 0 0 0w w w w w +% % % % %% % % % %sWdG / / / / / w w w w wtw w w w w r w w w w weGorE E E E E / / / / / w w w w w yb / / / / / w w w w wC C C C Cmini 2l 1 1 1d1 8 71 a 97 4 18 6 10 1e9 3. .5w7i.5. .2 8D.3. .6 7%g0.55 5 19 5 ods iew 1s / 2 2 F(eg H2 1 85 5a3 o5 21 / 7 g gw o0 0 a10 5r7sm. / / 5h h2rg ge5g g m s.5 g+a a0 u / / h hm momlla a)T. fcPrhifrle -2 - 2 - 2- -2 - 2i8 8 9 8 8 8 o-2 2lsl . . . . .0 4 5 0 2 ix. . . . . .2 9 1 5 1 6. .p5 28 1 4 1 5dy8 2 5 2 5 1rausytrri onD b - 3 4 3 - 2 - 2 3- -ga1 1 1 9 93- i1 ny 5.1.1. . . .02 1 8 8 9 6 R. .7 9.713 2 7 7 8 3s . ..7 334 3aa P 2b 0fotw %e4 3 - 5 - 4 - 2 - 3 - 3i1 1 9 1 1 r1 -1d1s . .4.2. .0. .7 6 9 8 9 1 9.e80F14 7 6 7 4 3 8e .. . .5 a1 7 26rwiyr sos / t w MnS5 - 4 - 7 - 6 - 3- -41 1 1 1 113 1 p.1i . .5.5.0.0 2.6 1 2 9 3 5l +5.5 d3 9 1 2 1 7. r8. . . . .6 2 5 8 3Maewy yP%cDl4 - 5 - 3 - 3- -6 - 56 @e5 3 3 5 5 4 o5 9 0 3 6 58 ArR0 3 5 5 4 8 c b1. . . . . .e7 6 6 3.3 91F. . . . . .5 5 2 6 5 3O un516 3 3 3 1 4 S5 8 4 4 9 9 CtatDniDilse5 - 3 - 7 - 6 - 3 - 3 -1 1 1 1 114 aa851. .5.5.0.0.23 9 1 8 0 3y.4s%4 2 5 5 7 5.4. . . . .5 2 1 5 1s ea Infwtde5 - 4 - 8 - 7 - 3 - 3 - 4r1 1 1 1 11e1 / x w1. .6.6.0.0.2.9 0 4 8 1 4 5 S09 3 5 7 6 5 2.6. . . . .9 3 2 7 3(ePEcoD CnId )- - - - - -1 1 1 1 1 16 4 9 3 3 4 o 8 12 8 6 0 0 2sp. . . . . .5 3 7 2 5 9n5.2. . . . . .0 1 6 3 9 81 4 5 6 9 6ra2 8 1 8 2 6eyffic% Da- - - - - -6 7 4 5 8 7 6 @5 3 4 6 6 50 3 1 0 0 8 9 AR9 9 5 3 2 6cy 1. . . . . . .6 7 0 4 2 3 9S. . . . . .1 8 2 6 6 8O54 4 5 2 7 2 9 S7 3 2 8 1 6 C D * A T F h T Se1 T T 1 1 T T= f Dig2 1 0 9 8auyrs esR C S e D E C M P o y T r C T ya ebafinsu( m n 5 ±trclora if clo pter thfe lts%ol bloxtyau n2csou n(i psU6atr)rtztrosaao.on 9ntrbeb %slitnip nelr in 1e6th Sar20a2t.C7ee0%y5,sd%%i%DsW C + WAaWhrPSeGeGSacr k=cD)sianys traa5 61 4nf0 20 0t - - - -- - - -e s0 0.r g 5fo sermco5e2dn g 0 m5 1d 5m 0v0 00l - - - -- - - - / sga0p hl g / h0u0 / hmr aaa e ay s,, R DOA CT 0 0 - 2 - 2 - 2- -28 9 9 9 9N 2S =. . . . . .5 1 2 5 4 5. . . . .6 1 0 0 1.=5SR 7 9 9 3 6 59 4 2 9 9Dedayu cs tiao0 0 - 5 3 3 4 - 3- - -f1 1 1 1 1nteS. . .1.1.1. .4 135 9 8 203r O6 5 4 7 6 1 8. . ..5 3 8.6 6 thv eirrd0 0 - 7 - 4 - 4 - 6 - 3C 1 1 1 1 1s S 1. .6.2.2.4. .8 2 6 9 8 0 7opn 1 7 7 4 1 1 4.. . . .11 8 7 2ra try ol 10 0- -5 - 7 - 41 1 1 10 6 -1S. .8 4.5.2.1 5 8 3 4. .3 248 6 8 8 5. . . .8 4 8 28 --4 53 44 - 2 -3 43 79 10 82 9- - - - -- - - - -. .3 1. .3 1. .3 9. .5 12 38 4 10 0- - -6 - 7 - 42 1 1 1 12 6 S 1. .0 4 4.5. .8 2 0 3 2. .4 61 7 1 2 1.. . . .87 9 2 78 10 0- -6 - 7 - 42 1 1 14 -1S 7 1. .2 5.6. .5 1 6 9 2.553 7 7 4 8.. . .94 3 41 (1- 1- - -2 1 1 10 7 41 26 7 83 6 5 7 S. . ..3 6 71.6. . .5 3 9. . . .9 0 6 31 7 8 9148 8 5 2 0 -- - -5 5 4 74 4 4 53 5 6 17 8 2 7- - - - -- - - - -. . . .5 8 1 0. . . .0 3 7 49 8 9 65 6 9 6 Results: 1. Powdery Mildew Disease Severity (%) For the season 2024–25, the observations on the disease severity index (DSI) of powdery mildew are presented in Table 9. At the pre-spray stage, no significant differences were observed among the treatments. However, subsequent weekly observations revealed a significant increase in disease severity in untreated control plots as compared to treated plots. The lowest DSI values were consistently recorded in Treatment T3 – Pyraclostrobin 29.5% w / w + Trifloxystrobin 20% w / w + Myclobutanil 8% w / w EC @ 312.5 g / ha, which exhibited DSI of 2.87, 2.94, and 3.31% after 5, 10, and 15 days of the first spray, and 3.07, 3.16, and 3.26% after 5, 10, and 15 days of the second spray, respectively. The next best treatment was T2 – Pyraclostrobin 29.5% w / w + Trifloxystrobin 20% w / w + Myclobutanil 8% w / w EC @ 250 g / ha, which recorded DSI of 2.98, 3.13, and 3.50% after 5, 10, and 15 days of the first spray, and 3.35, 3.45, and 3.59% after 5, 10, and 15 days of the second spray, respectively. Throughout the evaluation, T2 and T3 were statistically at par, and both treatments were found to be significantly superior over the remaining tested treatments. The highest disease severity was observed in T12 (Untreated Control), which recorded 5.54, 7.68, and 10.38% after 5, 10, and 15 days of the first spray, and 12.48, 14.51, and 16.54% after 5, 10, and 15 days of the second spray, respectively. 2. Percent Reduction Over Control The percent reduction in powdery mildew disease severity over untreated control (Table 2) indicated that, during the season 2024–25, the maximum reduction was achieved with Treatment T3, which showed 68.11% reduction after 15 days of the first spray and 80.27% reduction after 15 days of the second spray. This was closely followed by Treatment T2, which exhibited 66.31% and 78.32% reduction over control after 15 days of the first and second sprays, respectively. Thus, both T2 and T3 were significantly superior compared to all other treatments tested in reducing powdery mildew disease severity in the cropevT T a a T T T T T T Tr7 6 5 4 3 2 1. lub Nlo ae. tio 10 n 2o:W M G 5 T e %e+M T Py + briM T PEr y +M T P r y +M T P r y +M T P r y nfftirau yflorayicflorayiflorayiflorayifloraA ecm Wcocloxyloclox cloclox cloclc o xloclc o xlonty y y yonGthb b b b bs s s s ss s s s sa t t t t tr r r r ru u u u ufzt t t t tr r r r r5o o o o orPo o o o oo at t t t t5 b b b b ba a a a ab b b b bn n n n nly%cTi i i i ien n n n n ni i i i in n n n nri i i i il l l l l5r2 2 2ao5 8 8 8 82 2 2e+ 0 9 9 9a% % % % %c0 0 0s%l.5.5.5e% % %t1 2omPw w w w w% % %d9 9y+sw w we . .5 5t / / / / / nw w w w wirr w w w1 2saT% %e o / / / w w wc 0 0tE E E E E al / / / sw w w% %rboif C C C C Cslisn + + +oetr sw wxo 2yob / / w w9sinftr c.5ow wh%5 b / / %w wiin+ +lli w d1 1 11 8 7 / w1 a u7 4 18 6 10 19 3.7ri.5. .2 8i+.3. .6 7 n g0.5D5 5 19 5 gToRs3 1r1e2 2 F(1 8 / ig2 1 fa7H5 5l2 7 o5 25obo0 00 5 a. . r5 50mxrg gig g g g g 2 myu / / hm mh0 / / / h h hsll.a a) 2tra a a4ob-2sP 1- -2 - 2 - 1 - 1 - 1p7 8 8 8 7 81 5in. . . . . .9 1 2 9 8 9rr . . . . . .9 4 5 0 8 0.9 ea.9 5 2 5 6 8- 21 2 6 2 4 8 y 0% D- -11- - -2 3 3 2 2 28 8 9- 2 a81 0w5. . . . . .7 6 3 0 1 5y. . .8 4 2.4.0. .5 32 8 4 9 7 78 7 3s / 5 1w aft+- - - e1 11- -3 2 4 4 2 2r9 9A M - 39112 0. . . . . .4 8 6 1 4 5 F. .7 00.1n..7. .4 2 12 9 9 7 6 6 y8 1i69 3thr csltroa S- - - -b1 1 1 1- -3 3 5 5 2 3c9 9pn10 3 3 0 u 3. . . . . .9 3 4 1 8 5. .7 95ro. . . .5 5 0 8 a2 6 7 4 9 7ta8 7s3 1 9 9 yenP%i1le58rR- 5 - 2 - 3 - 6 - 6 54 3 3 5 5c 4 -4 D%e5 7 1 1 0 28 1 4 1 07 On6. . . . . .A3 3 7 6 1 6. . . . .0 4 2 7 8.9C.5t8 5 3 6 2 3wF9 8 5 2 2D @S / iwsea- - - -1 1 1 1 E4 3 5 - 2 - 2 359 9s0 3 3 1 De5. . . . . .2 2 2.7 8 7C1. .4 7 I. . . .4 2 0 1a14 8 4 1 8 66 6n2 2 5 7 yodsnaex- - - -1 1s1 13 6 5- -3 4pf9 92e1t1 5 3 1(5. . . . .P8 8 8 0 1e fr . .6 90.8 rfa. . . .2 1 9 71 1 1 1 7iD2 7 yS c4 2 4 7aI)ec co- - - -y1 1 1 15 4 7 6 - 2 3 4 -91n 16 5 0 2.1. . . . . .7 1 7 7 8 1 9d.75. . . .1 0 1 85 2 5 2 6 2 6.726 1 6 6 % 155 - 7 - 4 - 5 - 8 - 7 6R5 4 4 6 6-5 D9 1 5 3 0 8 57 2 6 3 2 O3. . . . . . .8 1 8 0 0 1 3A. . . . .5 5 7 7 4C.92 9 4 3 4 7 2 S3 9 2 9 9@S D * A T F h SeT T T =Dfig12 11 1 T T 0 9 8auyrs ea sfinR C S e E C M P D o y T S r C T etethesf um n yr(5t clora icfl bir plta ts%±ro ou l bls ox r(sycousn Ut ae r) tzts roan o op nn b bthlr it i elnra in 1e ey6a,s202tiD e0.%7s5d% %Aa%WrCSWeW +hSaPrG=ecGCcDk sai pa )nytasntraanf2t6e srfo.9 se%rmcoedndv5 61 40 2s a0 0p- - - -l- - - -u0 0.g 5ra ey s,,1R D5 050 2OA 000 5T C 00 0gS- - - -=- - - - m gmg= R / hmDl / / h he ada a ayu cs ti0 0 2 - 1 - 1 2 - 1a7 7 8oN- -8 8f . . . . . . .3 1 0 9 8 1 9nt . . .9 7 0eS. .3 58 3 9 2 2 9 8r O6 5 8thv eir- -dr1 1- - -0 0 4 3 2 2 29 9 9 C2 0 S. . . . . . .4 1 4 0 8 7 4s . . .6 6 0op. .1 06 5 5 6 1 9 6n 5 2 1r7 6a try ol- - - -1 1 1 1- 0 0 5 3 3 4 291 1 13 S. . . . . . .8 2 7 8 6 1 9.8. . ..3 0 787 9 4 9 9 8 116 6 84 1- - - -1 11 10 0 7 3 5 3241 15 0 S. . . . . .3 1 5 9 0 4.9.1. ..6 5.9 613 3 9 1 528 22 8)-4 - 4 - 3 - 54 4 3 45 7 3 42 3 5 7- - - - -- - - -- . . . .5 0 4 2-. . . .4 2 3 45 1 6 33 7 3 3 - 1- - -1 1 1 10 5 - 4 4 310 08 3 2 0 S. .2. . .2 1 9 9 5. .7 2. . . .6 0 8 93 4 9 8 9.954 9 8 1 - 1- - - -2 1 1 1 10 0 5 52 50 4 3 3 1 S 4. . . .6 2 8 7. .4 7. . . . .6 0 7 8 52 1 8 444 3 9 5 2 1- - -1 1 10 0 - 7 6 6 - 42 14 5 4 5 S. .2. . .2.7 2 0 5 8 7.3. . .3 7 18 6 1 1 7 7. .2 61 5 7 8 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 64 4 4 50 4 1 65 7 6 4- - - - -- - - - -. . . .9 4 9 6. . . .5 5 1 79 8 9 75 5 2 4 Results: Anthracnose Disease Severity (%) The observations on the disease severity index (DSI) of Anthracnose are presented in Table 10 for the season 2024–25. At the pre-spray stage, no significant differences in disease severity were observed among treatments. However, subsequent weekly assessments revealed a progressive and significant increase in disease severity in the untreated control, whereas treated plots maintained lower levels of infection. The lowest DSI values were consistently recorded in Treatment T3 – Pyraclostrobin 29.5% w / w + Trifloxystrobin 20% w / w + Myclobutanil 8% w / w EC @ 312.5 g / ha. The treatment exhibited DSI of 2.09, 2.46, and 2.89% after 5, 10, and 15 days of the first spray, and 2.71, 2.80, and 2.86% after 5, 10, and 15 days of the second spray, respectively. The next best treatment was T2 – Pyraclostrobin 29.5% w / w + Trifloxystrobin 20% w / w + Myclobutanil 8% w / w EC @ 250 g / ha, which recorded DSI of 2.17, 2.56, and 3.00% after 5, 10, and 15 days of the first spray, and 2.88, 3.01, and 3.12% after 5, 10, and 15 days of the second spray, respectively. Both T2 and T3 were statistically at par, and significantly superior over the remaining treatments tested. The highest disease severity was observed in T12 (Untreated Control), which recorded 4.45, 5.74, and 7.53% after 5, 10, and 15 days of the first spray, and 10.25, 12.44, and 14.31% after 5, 10, and 15 days of the second spray, respectively. % Reduction Over Control of Anthracnose As shown in Table 10, during the season 2024–25, the maximum reduction over control of Anthracnose disease was achieved in Treatment T3, with 61.66% reduction after 15 days of the first spray and 80.04% reduction after 15 days of the second spray. This was followed by Treatment T2, which showed 60.12% and 78.17% reduction over control after 15 days of the first and second sprays, respectively. Both T2 and T3 were statistically at par and were significantly superior to the other treatments tested. T 1 T T n T 52 3 2or.C U 8% + 20 T 29 P 8 + 2 T 2 P o n M %ri .5y % r M 0 t yfl%ri9 yf .y nl 5rT niAtrTtr e horewclte / w lo w o%acwa xlcw o%aclreT b / wyw o / w lo / x wyw oa t abs sfmla d EsEst tbti r reu / u / w wtt ter rn o omC Co o st t er lb bna ay + +enbnba fii in ne tm1i irlnininll ls 1in tptths .sto T Eepcmh1 13 at6 7r (7 4fgDr -ea ,9 5. i fs -9 3iT .ly )aeo. .olict,5sam t af et / g go2p ha53 F1fne5 / / (mh1hnhgat -of-d 0s2eyPa ar)t t,.rTs.toy31ftoi rrr0d0 0 0 1axsDa ,tci5tlac1 s oiytthYp0 0 0 3sysst,,ae trr 7 v a 3ll ofotyhtierdbw 0 0 0 5zr d.,a , iin nn 5syupgdt2he rr%0 0 0 7a i 1l9l n,oy07.5gwinthth%gR1in0 0 0d0agnaawybd,s s1 / iwt0 0 0 1o u 20 Dnf0+th sa 2tipyn T40 0 0 3aSsrgafa- rt2ty ue, iffr n5ni tln e o 1e t0 0 0 5r.g incxsr, sgto pyt sh %prs sae0 0 0 7i trr syy,aoyin eebpiglnl1o0 0 0ingi0nw aa2ni sn t0dyg 0 0 0 1 % D, aans rat e wud yp0 0 0 3n Nsh / w artieyen cfs pMtegeroon0 0 0 5r,nnsyt s iespade cs%lctror ayi 0 0 0 7o nbyws iuntaisgba t, 1a0 0 0se0lnoep 1biinl1s80 0 0 1a eD fr%sot vayryed ws a s0 0 0 3 Eneaapad / wssft io ne h p rnEay 0 0 0 5eps2stCroy s0t pnh2% ora4 0 0 0 7eanst- yo2y pbin5 hw1 gj .0 0 0ey0a cttsoiv otob 0 0 0 1eD xsinaeriyvct ish0 0 0 3tEea ydpe ft inera 0 0 0 5s sty sp %0 0 0 7ray in1 g 0 0 0 0 T 1 T T 1 T T T T T T T T T N T T 2 1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 o .r. ab R C SE C M Py T T M T +M Py +lM P(1+ P(X+ P + PeesD oum n yr r(5if ±trclac leboue etiby M y M y M y r u yracyrac.25 yr1ac Dyracyrac(q2 :lts%olo loxco acocl locl lo Xcl locl lcl l(busy nmnobsobsD obosseobosobos / h Eaf)Ut tnan rosbtroaz5az utroutroutro )utrutrfbo5%otanbtab o stabtaobtaob)oecn n n n tl lit ei i i i i ie eln n n n n nr)fin 1i i i i ioe+ 6 5l l l l lc 2a05 8 8 8 82t0hf .7 Pe1 2 2 2 20% % % % % %%5Pd% 9 9 9 9 9% yi%lyW w w w w w.5.5.5.5.5 Cr+li + War% % % % %Wchd TP / / / / / aw w w w wl CGoeuGr ccE E E E E liaksf w w w w wp orTltrC C C C Coi)o nt / / / / / w w w w wr sxabne tgryain o 2sRt+ + + + +m6trb5 oa.%9e ibnT T T T T bn%iWnr r r r r2t ii i i i iS 22f f f f f9l l l l lGo o o o oC 05.5x x x x x% 2y y y y y %4Ws s s s s -2t t t t tr r r r r wo o o o oG 5b b b b b / wi i i i in n n n n+1 2 2 2 20 0 0 0 0T% % % % %riflw w w w wox / / / / / w w w w wy str1 1 15 8 7 ao6 1 7 4 10 1 4 1 6 1 12 8 9 3.0 0 b- - - -0i- - - - g .. .2 870 0.3. . .5 6 75gmin5 5.510 9 520 D % F oos1 3 1r1ew0m5 2 2 / 5 1 82 2 1H7 o00 5 50 2 75 5 25 u / 0w0 0 0r0 a0 0 5. .5 50m- - - - la- - - - m g g g G g g g g g g +t / / / hmhm mh imllo / / / / Mh h h)ha a ana a aay(gclobu C hta1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1(qi93 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 2 3 5 5 nl4li4 4 6 0 6 0 7 8 7 9 9 / . .7 2 h3iY. . . . . . . . . . . l9 4 6 1 7 8 8 6 1 6 269 a.4 83 9 4 5 8 2 2 5 2 8 9i)%eldw20 / 2wP 4eoE-2rvc5 Cee1 1 1 2 1nr7 9 4 2 9 2o7 2 8 7 4c7t . . . . .6 3 1 9 7- - -o- - -n. . . . .4 7 3 8 7 i.5 n5 7 7 7 5 n9 2 2 1 8yctr r io eea lldse Results: Yield (q / ha) The fruit yield data for the season are presented in Table 12, which revealed significant differences among the treatments. The highest yield was recorded in Treatment T3 – Pyraclostrobin 29.5% w / w + Trifloxystrobin 20% w / w + Myclobutanil 8% w / w EC @ 312.5 g / ha, which achieved a yield of 159.68 q / ha. This was closely followed by Treatment T2 – Pyraclostrobin 29.5% w / w + Trifloxystrobin 20% w / w + Myclobutanil 8% w / w EC @ 250 g / ha, with a yield of *159.29 q / ha. Statistical analysis indicated that T2 and T3 were at par with each other and both were significantly superior to the rest of the treatments evaluated. Summary and Conclusion The present investigation entitled “Bio-efficacy of Pyraclostrobin 29.5% w / w + Trifloxystrobin 20% w / w + Myclobutanil 8% w / w EC to Control Powdery Mildew & Anthracnose Disease and Phytotoxicity in Chili,” was carried out at the Vegetable Farm, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh during the Rabi season of 2024–25. The experiment was conducted using 14 treatments (including control) in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The important findings are summarized below: Disease Control (Powdery Mildew & Anthracnose): The lowest disease severity index (DSI%) for both powdery mildew and anthracnose was observed in T3 – Pyraclostrobin 29.5% + Trifloxystrobin 20% + Myclobutanil 8% EC @ 312.5 g / ha, followed by T2 – Pyraclostrobin 29.5% + Trifloxystrobin 20% + Myclobutanil 8% EC @ 250 g / ha. Treatments T2 and T3 were statistically at par, but both were significantly superior to other treatments. Phytotoxicity: No phytotoxic symptoms such as yellowing, stunting, necrosis, epinasty, or hyponasty were observed in any of the treated plots after 1st spray at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days. Yield Performance: The highest fruit yield (q / ha) was recorded in T3 (312.5 g / ha), followed closely by T2 (250 g / ha). Both treatments were statistically at par and significantly superior to the control. Conclusion: The incidence of powdery mildew and anthracnose diseases was evident across all treatments; however, the least incidence was recorded in plots treated with T3 (312.5 g / ha) and T2 (250 g / ha), which were statistically comparable. This demonstrates that the most effective doses for controlling powdery mildew and anthracnose in chili are: Pyraclostrobin 29.5% + Trifloxystrobin 20% + Myclobutanil 8% EC @ 312.5 g / ha (T3) Pyraclostrobin 29.5% + Trifloxystrobin 20% + Myclobutanil 8% EC @ 250 g / ha (T2) Both doses ensured effective disease management, absence of phytotoxicity, and significantly higher yield and economic return per unit area compared to control and other treatments. Hence, spraying this novel combination fungicide at 250–312.5 g / ha can be recommended for the effective, safe, and economical management of powdery mildew and anthracnose diseases in chili.

Claims

We claim:

1. A fungicidal composition comprising a synergistic combination of- a. Pyraclostrobin is present in an amount of 2% to 30% by weight; b. Trifloxystrobin is present in an amount of 2% to 25% by weight; c. Myclobutanil is present in an amount of 2% to 20% by weight, and d. Agrochemical acceptable excipient.

2. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein Pyraclostrobin is present in an amount of 29.5% w / w, Trifloxystrobin is present in an amount of 20% w / w, and Myclobutanil is present in an amount of 8% w / w.

3. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agrochemically acceptable excipient is dispersant / dispersing agents, carriers, thickeners / binders, Biocides, wetting agents, antifreeze agents, antifoaming agents, and solvents.

4. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation is selected from Suspension concentrate (SC), Wettable Powder (WP), Wettable granules (WG), Granules (GR), Emulsion concentrates (EC), and suspo-emulsion (SE).

5. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the WG comprises at least a dispersing agent in an amount in the range of 1.0 - 12.0%w / w, at least an anti-foaming agent in an amount up to 3-10%w / w, at least a wetting agent in an amount in the range of 1-6%w / w, and a filler up to 95%w / w.

6. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 5 comprising Sodium Polycarboxylate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate Blend, Lactose monohydrate , Poly dimethyl Siloxane and China clay to make up to 100%w / w.

7. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the WP comprises at least a dispersing agent in an amount in the range of 1.0 - 12.0%w / w, at least a wetting agent in an amount in the range of 1-6%w / w, at least an anti-foaming agent in an amount in the range of 0.10-1.50%w / w, at least an anticaking agent in an amount in the range of 0.10-50%w / w and a filler up to 95%w / w.

8. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 7, comprising Sodium ligno sulfonate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate , Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend, Sodium silicate, Polymethyl Siloxan, Talcum Powder and China clay to make up to 100%w / w.

9. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the SE comprises at least a dispersing agent in an amount in the range of 1.0 - 12.0%w / w, at least a wetting agent in an amount in the range of 1.0 - 6.0%w / w, at least an anti-foaming agent in an amount in the range of 0.10 – 1.50% w / w, at least an anti-freezing agent in an amount up to 3-10%w / w, at least Biocide agent in an amount in the range of 0.10- 1.0%w / w, at least a thickening agent in an amount in the range of 0.10-50%w / w and at least a solvent in an amount in the range of 1-15% carrier up to 95%w / w.

10. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 9, comprising Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Amine salt of phosphate, Non-ionic Block co-polymer, Non-ionic surfactant of alkoxy alkyl ether, Siloxane Polyalkyleneoxide, Propylene Glycol, Benzisothiazolin-3-one, Aromatic Solvent C-IX, Polysaccharides, and distilled water to make up to 100%w / w.

11. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the SC at least a dispersing agent in an amount in the range of 1.0 - 12.0%w / w, at least a wetting agent in an amount in the range of 1.0 - 6.0%w / w, at least an anti-foaming agent in an amount in the range of 0.10 – 1.50% w / w, at least an anti-freezing agent in an amount up to 3-10%w / w, at least Biocide agent in an amount in the range of 0.10-1.0%w / w,at least a thickening agent in an amount in the range of 0.10-50%w / w and at least a solvent in an amount in the range of 1-15% carrier up to 95%w / w.

12. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 11 comprising Atlox 4319 - Acrylic graft Copolymer surfactant, Atlox 4894 - Mixture of non-ionic co-polymer, Siloxane Polyalkyleneoxide, Propylene Glycol , Benzisothiazolin-3-one , Xanthum Gum, and distilled water to make up to 100%w / w.

13. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the EC comprises at least an Emulsifier agent in an amount in the range of 1.0 - 12.0%w / w, at least a solvent in an amount in the range of 1-15% and a carrier up to 95%w / w.

14. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 13, comprising a mixture of non-ionic and anionic surfactants, Cyclohexanone, Dimethyl formamide, and Heavy aromatic solvents.

15. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the GR comprises at least a dispersing agent in an amount in the range of 1.0 - 12.0%w / w, at least a wetting agent in an amount in the range of 1.0 - 6.0%w / w, at least a filler in an amount in the range of 0.10-50%w / w and carrier up to 95%w / w.

16. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 15 comprising Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate Blend, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Polyvinyl alcohol, Talcum powder, and Silica sand 16-32 size.

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