Multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system and method for underground engineering

Abstract

A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system and method for underground engineering. The system comprises a point monitoring module (1) mounted on a plurality of first monitoring sections (01) of underground engineering, a line monitoring module mounted on a plurality of second monitoring sections (02), an area monitoring module mounted on a tunnel face (03), a volume monitoring module mounted on a plurality of third monitoring sections (04), and a data analysis platform for receiving and analyzing first feature information collected by the point monitoring module (1), second feature information collected by the line monitoring module, third feature information collected by the area monitoring module, and fourth feature information collected by the volume monitoring module. The system provided in the present application solves the problems of incapability of forming a unified system in which monitoring means are integrated to each other in underground engineering and incapability of comprehensively reflecting the overall situation of engineering.

Description

A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system and method for underground engineering

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411463449.1, filed on October 21, 2024, entitled "A Multi-Dimensional Integrated Monitoring System and Method for Underground Engineering", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of underground engineering safety monitoring technology, and in particular to a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system and method for underground engineering. Background Technology

[0003] Numerous highway and hydropower projects are under continuous construction in my country, resulting in a multitude of underground engineering works. These projects often encounter challenges such as rock deformation, rock bursts, and landslides, severely delaying construction and impacting personnel and equipment safety. Current monitoring technologies primarily rely on point-based and line-based monitoring methods, which are often unrelated and lack comprehensive holistic monitoring capabilities. Consequently, personnel cannot fully understand the status and changing trends of underground engineering works. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, one objective of this application is to provide a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering projects, thereby solving the problem that underground engineering projects lack a unified system with interconnected monitoring methods, resulting in an inability to comprehensively reflect the overall condition of the project. A second objective of this application is to provide a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering projects, enabling monitoring across multiple dimensions and enhancing the comprehensiveness and completeness of the monitoring system.

[0005] To achieve one of its objectives, the first aspect of this application provides a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering, the technical solution of which is:

[0006] A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering projects is designed for installation on underground projects requiring excavation. The system includes:

[0007] Point-type monitoring modules are used to be installed on multiple first monitoring sections of the underground project;

[0008] A linear monitoring module is used to be installed on multiple second monitoring sections of the underground project;

[0009] A surface monitoring module is used to install on the working face of the underground project;

[0010] A body-type monitoring module is used to be installed on multiple third monitoring sections of the underground project;

[0011] A data analysis platform is used to receive and analyze the first feature information collected by the point monitoring module, the second feature information collected by the line monitoring module, the third feature information collected by the area monitoring module, and the fourth feature information collected by the volume monitoring module, in order to adjust the excavation and support scheme of the underground project; wherein,

[0012] Multiple first monitoring sections and multiple second monitoring sections are respectively arranged at intervals along the excavation direction of the underground project; and,

[0013] The multiple third monitoring sections are located within the risk zone characterized by the third feature information, as well as in the area close to the working face.

[0014] Optionally, the point monitoring module includes multiple multi-point displacement gauges and / or multiple anchor stress gauges; each of the multi-point displacement gauges is used to collect displacement information of the underground project, and each of the anchor stress gauges is used to collect stress information of the underground project, wherein the first feature information includes the displacement information and / or the stress information;

[0015] The linear monitoring module includes multiple acoustic wave detectors and / or multiple borehole panoramic digital imagers; each acoustic wave detector is used to collect acoustic wave information of the underground project, and each borehole panoramic digital imager is used to collect imaging information of the underground project, wherein the second feature information includes the acoustic wave information and / or the imaging information.

[0016] The surface monitoring module includes multiple advanced geological prediction detectors and / or multiple seismic imagers. Each advanced geological prediction detector is used to collect seismic data information of the underground project; each seismic imager is used to collect seismic wave information of the underground project, and the third feature information includes the seismic data information and / or the seismic wave information.

[0017] The body-type monitoring module includes multiple microseismic sensors, each of which is used to collect rupture information of the underground project, and the fourth feature information includes the rupture information;

[0018] The earthquake data information includes at least one of the following: relative stress, water content probability, P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, P-wave / S-wave velocity ratio, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, and surrounding rock hazard level results map; the earthquake wave information includes at least one of the following: wave velocity distribution, three-dimensional image, and anomalous region.

[0019] The rupture information includes at least one of microseismic events, magnitude, microseismic frequency, and microseismic waveform.

[0020] Optionally, the underground works include isolinear works;

[0021] Multiple multi-point displacement gauges are deployed on the two side walls, the top arch, and the two side arch shoulders of each first monitoring section of the isolinear project, and each anchor stress gauge is deployed between two adjacent multi-point displacement gauges on each first monitoring section;

[0022] Multiple acoustic wave detectors and multiple borehole panoramic digital imaging devices are respectively deployed on the two side walls and the top arch of each second monitoring section of the isolinear project;

[0023] Multiple arrays of advanced geological prediction detectors are arranged on the working face of the isolinear engineering, and seismic source excitation points are set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors and at the edge of the advanced geological prediction detector array.

[0024] Multiple microseismic sensors are deployed on both sides of each of the third monitoring sections of the isolinear engineering project, and are located at different heights on the multiple third monitoring sections.

[0025] Optionally, the underground works include high sidewall works;

[0026] Multiple multi-point displacement gauges are deployed on the two side walls, the top arch, and the two side arch shoulders of each first monitoring section of the first floor of the high side wall project, as well as on the two side walls of each first monitoring section of each floor except the first floor; each anchor stress gauge is deployed between two adjacent multi-point displacement gauges on each first monitoring section.

[0027] Multiple acoustic detectors and multiple borehole panoramic digital imaging devices are respectively deployed on the two side walls and the top arch of each second monitoring section of the first layer of the high side wall project, as well as on the two side walls of each second monitoring section of each layer except the first layer.

[0028] Multiple arrays of advanced geological prediction detectors are deployed on the working face of the high sidewall project, and seismic source excitation points are set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors and at the edges of the advanced geological prediction detector arrays; and multiple seismic imagers are deployed in the area corresponding to the bottom of the two sidewalls in the first layer of the high sidewall project.

[0029] Multiple microseismic sensors are distributed in different areas of the third monitoring section of at least two layers of the high sidewall project.

[0030] To achieve the second objective, the second aspect of this application provides a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering, the technical solution of which is:

[0031] A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering projects, the method relying on the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering projects provided in the first aspect of this application, the method comprising:

[0032] Select the underground engineering project that needs to be excavated, and excavate to the working face;

[0033] Multiple first monitoring sections and multiple second monitoring sections are set at intervals along the direction of the underground engineering excavation;

[0034] Point-type monitoring modules are installed on multiple first monitoring sections to collect first characteristic information of the underground project;

[0035] Linear monitoring modules are installed on multiple second monitoring sections to collect second characteristic information of the underground project;

[0036] A surface monitoring module is installed on the working face to collect the third characteristic information of the underground project;

[0037] Based on the third feature information, the risk zone of the underground project is determined;

[0038] Based on the location of the risk zone and the working face, multiple third monitoring sections of the underground project are set.

[0039] The body-type monitoring module is installed on multiple of the third monitoring sections to collect the fourth characteristic information of the underground project;

[0040] The data analysis platform receives and analyzes the first feature information, the second feature information, the third feature information, and the fourth feature information to adjust the excavation and support scheme of the underground project.

[0041] Optionally, the point monitoring module is installed on multiple first monitoring sections to collect first characteristic information of the underground project, including:

[0042] Multiple multi-point displacement gauges and / or multiple anchor stress gauges are installed on multiple of the first monitoring sections to collect displacement and / or stress information of the underground engineering; wherein,

[0043] The linear monitoring module is installed on multiple second monitoring sections to collect second characteristic information of the underground project, including:

[0044] Multiple acoustic wave detectors and / or multiple borehole panoramic digital imagers are installed on multiple second monitoring sections to collect acoustic wave information and / or imaging information of the underground engineering; wherein,

[0045] The surface monitoring module is installed on the working face to collect the third characteristic information of the underground project, including:

[0046] Multiple advanced geological prediction detectors are installed on the working face to sequentially trigger seismic sources at the source excitation point in a preset order, acquiring seismic data information of the underground engineering project. The seismic data information includes at least one of the following: relative stress, water content probability, P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, P-wave / S-wave velocity ratio, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, and surrounding rock hazard level results map. And / or, multiple seismic imagers are installed on the working face to acquire seismic data information and / or seismic wave information of the underground engineering project. The seismic wave information includes at least one of the following: wave velocity distribution, three-dimensional image, and anomalous areas.

[0047] The body-type monitoring module is installed on multiple of the third monitoring sections to collect fourth characteristic information of the underground project, including:

[0048] Multiple microseismic sensors are installed on the third monitoring section to collect rupture information of the underground project; the rupture information includes at least one of microseismic events, magnitude, microseismic frequency, and microseismic waveform.

[0049] Optionally, the underground works include isolinear works;

[0050] The point-based monitoring module is installed on multiple of the first monitoring sections, including:

[0051] Multiple mounting holes are formed by drilling holes on the side walls, top arch, and side shoulders of each first monitoring section of the isolinear project. Multiple multi-point displacement gauges are installed in some of the mounting holes, and anchor stress gauges are installed in the mounting holes between two adjacent multi-point displacement gauges.

[0052] The linear monitoring module is installed on multiple second monitoring sections, including:

[0053] Multiple detection holes are formed by drilling holes on the side walls and the top arch of each second monitoring section of the isolinear project. Multiple acoustic detectors and multiple borehole panoramic digital imaging devices are respectively arranged in the multiple detection holes.

[0054] The surface monitoring module is installed on the working face, including:

[0055] Multiple detector holes are formed by drilling holes in the face array of the isolinear engineering. The advanced geological prediction detector is arranged in each detector hole, and the seismic source excitation point is set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors and at the edge of the advanced geological prediction detector array.

[0056] The body-type monitoring module is installed on multiple of the third monitoring sections, including:

[0057] Multiple fixing holes are formed by drilling holes at different heights on both sides of the third monitoring section of the isolinear engineering, and the micro-vibration sensor is installed in each fixing hole using resin anchoring agent.

[0058] Optionally, the underground works include high sidewall works;

[0059] The point-based monitoring module is installed on multiple of the first monitoring sections, including:

[0060] Multiple mounting holes are drilled on both sides of the first monitoring section of the first layer of the high side wall project, on the top arch and both sides of the arch shoulders, and on both sides of the first monitoring section of each layer except the first layer. Multiple multi-point displacement gauges are installed in some of the mounting holes, and anchor stress gauges are installed in the mounting holes between two adjacent multi-point displacement gauges.

[0061] The linear monitoring module is installed on multiple second monitoring sections, including:

[0062] Multiple detection holes are drilled on both sides of the second monitoring section and the top arch of each second monitoring section on the first floor of the high side wall project, as well as on both sides of the second monitoring section of each floor except the first floor. Multiple acoustic detectors and multiple borehole panoramic digital imaging devices are respectively installed in the multiple detection holes.

[0063] The surface monitoring module is installed on the working face, including:

[0064] Multiple geophone holes are formed by drilling holes in the working face array of the high sidewall project. An advanced geological prediction geophone is installed in each geophone hole, and a seismic source excitation point is set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction geophones and at the edge of the advanced geological prediction geophone array. In addition, imaging holes are formed by vertically drilling holes in the area corresponding to the bottom of the two sidewalls in the first layer of the high sidewall project, and a seismic imager is installed in each imaging hole.

[0065] The body-type monitoring module is installed on multiple of the third monitoring sections, including:

[0066] Multiple fixing holes are formed by drilling holes in different areas of the third monitoring section of at least two layers of the high sidewall project, and the micro-vibration sensor is installed in each fixing hole by means of resin anchoring agent.

[0067] Optionally, the body-type monitoring module is installed on multiple of the third monitoring sections, and further includes:

[0068] Based on the current position of the working face, a target monitoring section is set that is close to the current working face;

[0069] The microseismic sensors on the third monitoring sections that are far from the working face are transferred to the target monitoring section;

[0070] When the target monitoring section is located outside the risk zone, the body monitoring module is added around the rock mass located within the risk zone.

[0071] Optionally, the step of setting multiple first monitoring sections and multiple second monitoring sections at intervals along the excavation direction of the underground project includes:

[0072] The quality grade of the surrounding rock of the underground project was obtained through preliminary geological exploration techniques;

[0073] Based on the surrounding rock quality grade, the interval distance of the corresponding monitoring section is set;

[0074] According to the aforementioned interval distance, multiple first monitoring sections and multiple second monitoring sections are set;

[0075] The data analysis platform receives and analyzes the first feature information, the second feature information, the third feature information, and the fourth feature information, including:

[0076] According to multiple preset monitoring durations, the first feature information, the second feature information, the third feature information, and the fourth feature information corresponding to each preset monitoring duration are recorded, and the recorded information is transmitted to the data analysis platform.

[0077] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following significant advancements:

[0078] The system in this application embodiment couples four monitoring methods: "point", "line", "surface" and "volume". It collects and analyzes data in real time from multiple dimensions, covering all information from points to lines, surfaces and three-dimensional solids. It provides comprehensive monitoring from local to overall and from surface to interior, providing the most comprehensive monitoring data. Through monitoring data from different dimensions, it helps to understand the status and changing trends of underground engineering more comprehensively.

[0079] In the system of this application embodiment, the four monitoring methods influence and complement each other during the monitoring process, providing more accurate and reliable analysis results and more continuous panoramic monitoring data, thereby forming an efficient and integrated multi-dimensional monitoring system. The data collected from multiple dimensions can corroborate each other, providing more comprehensive information on the status of underground engineering projects, thereby improving the accuracy of early warning and risk assessment.

[0080] The method in this application embodiment uses four monitoring methods installed on underground engineering projects to complement each other, covering all key areas of the underground engineering projects. From points, lines, and surfaces to volumes, it realizes spatial analysis at different scales from micro to macro, and achieves comprehensive monitoring in time and space, which helps to deeply understand the geological and engineering behavior of underground engineering projects.

[0081] In summary, the system and method provided in this application can offer multi-level and multi-angle monitoring information. This not only enables earlier identification of potential risks but also provides strong support for the safety management of underground engineering projects, thereby optimizing excavation and support schemes and improving the safety and stability of underground engineering excavation processes. In practical applications, it provides a more comprehensive, accurate, and reliable underground engineering monitoring solution than independent monitoring methods, enhancing the overall level of underground engineering surveying, design, research, and construction technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0082] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0083] Figure 1 is a system framework diagram of the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering according to an embodiment of this application;

[0084] Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering according to an embodiment of this application;

[0085] Figure 3 is a flowchart of the steps of the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering according to an embodiment of this application;

[0086] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the first monitoring section and the point monitoring module of the isolinear engineering according to an embodiment of this application;

[0087] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the first monitoring section and the point monitoring module of the high sidewall project according to an embodiment of this application;

[0088] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second monitoring section of the isolinear engineering described in an embodiment of this application before the linear monitoring module is assembled;

[0089] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second monitoring section of the high sidewall project according to an embodiment of this application before the linear monitoring module is assembled;

[0090] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the working face and the advanced geological prediction detector according to an embodiment of this application;

[0091] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the excavation base plate and the seismic imaging instrument in a high sidewall project according to an embodiment of this application;

[0092] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the assembly principle of a micro-vibration sensor according to an embodiment of this application;

[0093] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of microseismic sensors relative to the risk zone in a high sidewall project according to an embodiment of this application.

[0094] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 01, First monitoring section; 02, Second monitoring section; 03, Working face; 04, Third monitoring section; 05, Risk zone; 1, Point monitoring module; 21, Detection borehole; 31, Advanced geological prediction detector; 311, Seismic source excitation point; 32, Seismic imager; 4, Microseismic sensor; 5, Upper drainage corridor; 6, Middle drainage corridor. Specific Implementation

[0095] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0096] It should be noted that current monitoring methods do not only monitor stress or displacement at a specific point, but also provide limited information and cannot comprehensively reflect the overall situation. The biggest drawback is that these various monitoring methods typically operate independently and are unrelated. While there are many types of monitoring methods, they are not coupled, failing to provide continuous monitoring data. Therefore, when data collected by a single monitoring method changes, changes in forces or geological alterations have already occurred within the rock mass. Even when combined with other monitoring methods, only macroscopic damage that has already occurred can be monitored; it is impossible to provide wide-area early warning and take proactive measures before macroscopic damage occurs. Furthermore, each monitoring method has significant limitations in both time and space.

[0097] Therefore, during the excavation and support process of underground engineering, more dynamic, real-time, accurate, and comprehensive monitoring services are needed to obtain a complete and coherent picture of the underground engineering status and improve the accuracy of wide-area early warning and risk assessment. In view of this, please refer to Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 shows the system framework diagram of the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering of this application; Figure 2 shows the principle block diagram of the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering of this application.

[0098] In a first aspect, as shown in Figure 1, this application provides a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering, which is installed on underground engineering projects that require excavation. The system includes: a point monitoring module 1, which is installed on multiple first monitoring sections 01 of the underground engineering project; a line monitoring module, which is installed on multiple second monitoring sections 02 of the underground engineering project; a surface monitoring module, which is installed on the working face 03 of the underground engineering project; a volumetric monitoring module, which is installed on multiple third monitoring sections 04 of the underground engineering project; and a data analysis platform, which receives and analyzes the first feature information collected by the point monitoring module 1, the second feature information collected by the line monitoring module, the third feature information collected by the surface monitoring module, and the fourth feature information collected by the volumetric monitoring module, so as to adjust the excavation and support scheme of the underground engineering project; wherein, the multiple first monitoring sections 01 and the multiple second monitoring sections 02 are respectively set at intervals along the excavation direction of the underground engineering project; and the multiple third monitoring sections 04 are respectively located within the risk zone 05 represented by the third feature information and in the area close to the working face 03.

[0099] Specifically, the system comprises four monitoring modules. The point monitoring module 1 monitors parameter changes at a specific key location, such as displacement deformation and stress variations. The line monitoring module performs continuous or intermittent monitoring along a line or path, capturing changes in geological features along the route. The area monitoring module can be understood as monitoring parameter changes across an entire planar area. The volumetric monitoring module can be understood as monitoring in three-dimensional space, providing three-dimensional seismic activity data. These four monitoring methods operate simultaneously, capturing changes in different dimensions in real time, collectively covering all key geological information from point areas, line areas, area areas to three-dimensional space, providing comprehensive monitoring data.

[0100] Monitoring sections in underground engineering refer to a series of cross-sections arranged parallel to the excavation direction during the excavation process. Preferably, monitoring sections are set up in key areas or locations within the underground engineering project along the excavation direction, and monitoring modules (such as point monitoring module 1, line monitoring module, and volumetric monitoring module) are installed on each monitoring section to monitor data at these key locations. The working face 03 refers to the foremost working face during excavation; a surface monitoring module is installed on the working face 03 to understand the geological conditions of the area to be excavated.

[0101] Specifically, the data analysis platform can aggregate data collected from different monitoring methods, analyze and process it, provide real-time early warning functions, promptly detect and respond to geological anomalies during construction, so that staff can adjust the excavation and support plan for underground engineering.

[0102] As a specific illustration of this embodiment, the first, second, third, and fourth feature information can be transmitted to the data analysis platform via wired or wireless means for reception, processing, and storage in the platform's database. In some embodiments, on-site inspections can be conducted periodically, and readings from the corresponding monitoring modules can be recorded manually or electronically. The recorded readings can then be manually entered into the data analysis platform or input using other methods. In some embodiments, the four monitoring modules can combine automatic acquisition and manual recording methods for data acquisition and recording.

[0103] As a further explanation of this embodiment, when the data carried in the third feature information is abnormal, risk zone 05 in the excavation process can be identified. After risk zone 05 is identified through surface monitoring, the volumetric monitoring module is deployed in a targeted manner to respond quickly and ensure that key areas are monitored in a targeted and effective manner.

[0104] In this way, the four monitoring modules are installed at different key locations in the underground project, achieving comprehensive spatial monitoring. Different monitoring methods can capture information from different aspects of the underground project, and after being coupled together, they can complement each other's information gaps and provide a more comprehensive monitoring result. The four monitoring modules work together to acquire real-time parameter changes in the underground project and obtain real-time characteristic information, providing more continuous monitoring data and solving the time delay and spatial limitations caused by independent monitoring methods.

[0105] In addition, the multi-dimensional unified system formed by the coupling of multiple monitoring methods can optimize the allocation of monitoring resources and improve monitoring efficiency based on the monitoring results of each method. For example, the body-type monitoring module can be deployed to the risk area 05 detected by the surface-type monitoring module.

[0106] Therefore, a multi-dimensional unified system can provide the most comprehensive monitoring data, covering all information from specific points to lines, surfaces, and three-dimensional structures. It provides comprehensive monitoring from local to overall and from surface to interior, and can monitor the safety status of underground engineering from different angles and scales. This helps to explain the geological and engineering behavior of underground engineering more deeply and optimize the excavation and support schemes for underground engineering.

[0107] In some preferred embodiments, the point monitoring module 1 includes multiple multi-point displacement gauges and / or multiple anchor stress gauges. The first characteristic information acquired by the multi-point displacement gauges is displacement information, which ultimately yields the deformation of the surrounding rock during the excavation and unloading disturbance process of the underground project. The first characteristic information acquired by the anchor stress gauges is stress information, which ultimately yields the stress change characteristics of the surrounding rock during the excavation and unloading disturbance process of the underground project.

[0108] In some embodiments, multiple multi-point displacement gauges are installed at the first monitoring section 01 of the underground project; in some embodiments, multiple anchor stress gauges are installed at the first monitoring section 01 of the underground project; in some embodiments, multiple multi-point displacement gauges and multiple anchor stress gauges are installed at the first monitoring section 01 of the underground project to reveal the characteristics of internal deformation and stress changes during the excavation and unloading process.

[0109] In some preferred embodiments, the linear monitoring module includes multiple acoustic wave detectors and / or multiple borehole panoramic digital imagers. The second characteristic information acquired by the acoustic wave detectors is acoustic wave information. Specifically, the acoustic wave information includes acoustic wave velocity and acoustic wave attenuation. The acquired acoustic wave information ultimately determines the quality of the surrounding rock mass, the depth of unloading relaxation influence, and whether the rock mass has reached stability. The borehole panoramic digital imager allows for visual inspection underground. By installing camera equipment in the borehole, imaging information is obtained by directly observing the underground rock strata. The second characteristic information can include imaging information. Specifically, the imaging information includes rock strata images, fractures, pores, and fault information, ultimately determining the distribution range of fractured rock sections.

[0110] In some embodiments, multiple acoustic detectors are installed at the second monitoring section 02 of the underground engineering project; in some embodiments, multiple borehole panoramic digital imaging devices are installed at the second monitoring section 02 of the underground engineering project; in some embodiments, multiple acoustic detectors and multiple borehole panoramic digital imaging devices are installed at the second monitoring section 02 of the underground engineering project to monitor rock mass quality, unloading relaxation influence depth and fracture zone range.

[0111] In some preferred embodiments, the surface monitoring module includes multiple advanced geological prediction detectors 31 and / or multiple seismic imagers 32. The advanced geological prediction detectors 31, under the action of the source exciter, acquire seismic data information as the third characteristic information. Specifically, the seismic data information includes at least one of the following: relative stress, water-bearing probability, P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, P-S / S-wave velocity ratio, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, and surrounding rock hazard level results map. The seismic imager 32 is a seismic imaging technology that utilizes the speed and path of seismic waves propagating underground to obtain seismic wave information. The third characteristic information may include seismic wave information. Specifically, the seismic wave information includes wave velocity distribution, seismic wave velocity, three-dimensional images, and anomalous areas (faults, fissures, cavities, aquifers, etc.), used to identify underground anomalies and geological structures.

[0112] In some embodiments, multiple advanced geological prediction detectors 31 are installed at the working face 03 of the underground project; in some embodiments, multiple seismic imagers 32 are installed at the working face 03 of the underground project; in some embodiments, multiple advanced geological prediction detectors 31 and multiple seismic imagers 32 are installed at the working face 03 of the underground project to predict the surrounding rock risk zone 05 and provide a reference for subsequent excavation support adjustment and monitoring layout.

[0113] In some preferred embodiments, the body-type monitoring module includes multiple microseismic sensors 4. The fourth characteristic information acquired by the microseismic monitoring is rupture information. Specifically, the rupture information includes at least one of microseismic events, magnitudes, microseismic frequencies, and microseismic waveforms, enabling risk warning.

[0114] It can be seen that underground engineering projects can generally be divided into two types based on their spatial form and construction methods: linear engineering and high-sidewall engineering. Linear engineering projects are characterized by a length much greater than their width and height, with excavation proceeding continuously along their length during construction. High-sidewall engineering projects typically have larger spaces and taller sidewalls, requiring layered excavation and support during construction. Regarding this:

[0115] For isolinear engineering, multiple multi-point displacement gauges are deployed on the side walls, top arch, and side shoulders of each first monitoring section 01 of the isolinear engineering, and each anchor stress gauge is deployed between two adjacent multi-point displacement gauges on each first monitoring section 01; multiple acoustic detectors and multiple borehole panoramic digital imaging instruments are deployed on the side walls and top arch of each second monitoring section 02 of the isolinear engineering; multiple advanced geological prediction detector arrays 31 are deployed on the working face 03 of the isolinear engineering, and seismic source excitation points 311 are set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors 31 and on the edge of the advanced geological prediction detector array 31; multiple microseismic sensors 4 are deployed on the side walls of each third monitoring section 04 of the isolinear engineering, and are located at different heights on the multiple third monitoring sections 04.

[0116] For the high sidewall project, multiple multi-point displacement gauges are deployed on both sides of the sidewalls, the top arch, and the two sides of the arch shoulders of each first monitoring section 01 on the first floor of the high sidewall project, as well as on both sides of the sidewalls of each first monitoring section 01 on each floor except the first floor; each anchor stress gauge is deployed between two adjacent multi-point displacement gauges on each first monitoring section 01; multiple acoustic detectors and multiple borehole panoramic digital imaging instruments are respectively deployed on both sides of the sidewalls and the top arch of each second monitoring section 02 on the first floor of the high sidewall project, as well as on each floor except the first floor. On the side walls of each second monitoring section 02; multiple advanced geological prediction detectors 31 arrays are arranged on the working face 03 of the high side wall project, with seismic source excitation points 311 set between adjacent two advanced geological prediction detectors 31 and at the edge of the advanced geological prediction detector arrays 31; and multiple seismic imagers 32 are arranged in the area corresponding to the bottom of the two side walls in the first layer of the high side wall project; multiple microseismic sensors 4 are dispersed in different areas of the third monitoring section 04 of at least two layers of the high side wall project to form a three-dimensional monitoring system.

[0117] Further descriptions of the monitoring modes of the four monitoring modules in isolinear engineering and high sidewall engineering can be found in the following method embodiments, and will not be elaborated further in this application embodiment.

[0118] In conjunction with the above embodiments, the monitoring system provided by this application has many significant advancements. Based on the same inventive concept, in a second aspect, this application also provides a multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering. Please refer to Figure 3, which shows a flowchart of the steps of the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering of this application. The method relies on the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering provided in the first aspect of this application and includes the following steps:

[0119] S1. Select the underground project to be excavated and excavate to obtain the working face 03;

[0120] The underground engineering projects can include linear engineering projects and high-side-wall engineering projects as described above. Specifically, linear engineering projects can include underground engineering projects such as tunnels, highways, railways, canals, and pipelines, while high-side-wall engineering projects can include underground commercial complexes, underground storage facilities, integrated utility tunnels, and underground powerhouses of hydropower stations. As shown in Figure 2, after selecting the specific engineering type, the underground engineering project commences construction. Initial excavation forms the working face 03, and surface monitoring modules are deployed on the working face 03. As the excavation progresses, point monitoring modules 1 and line monitoring modules are deployed, and volume monitoring modules are deployed based on the risk zone 05 predicted by the surface monitoring.

[0121] S2. Multiple first monitoring sections 01 and multiple second monitoring sections 02 are set at intervals along the direction of underground engineering excavation;

[0122] Specifically, before construction begins, a detailed geological survey is conducted, and the interval distance of corresponding monitoring sections is set based on the surrounding rock quality grade obtained from the preliminary geological survey. The worse the surrounding rock quality, the shorter the interval of the monitoring sections, to ensure that problems can be detected in a timely manner. For example, under normal circumstances, the interval is 20m-50m, with 50m for good surrounding rock quality and 20m for poor surrounding rock quality.

[0123] S3, point monitoring module 1 is installed on multiple first monitoring sections 01 to collect the first characteristic information of underground engineering;

[0124] Specifically, multiple multi-point displacement gauges and / or multiple anchor stress gauges are installed on multiple first monitoring sections 01 to collect displacement and / or stress information of the underground engineering.

[0125] S4, the linear monitoring module is installed on multiple second monitoring sections 02 to collect the second characteristic information of the underground project;

[0126] Specifically, multiple acoustic wave detectors and / or multiple borehole panoramic digital imagers are installed on multiple second monitoring sections 02 to collect acoustic wave information and / or imaging information of underground engineering.

[0127] S5, the surface monitoring module is installed on the working face 03 to collect the third characteristic information of the underground project;

[0128] Specifically, multiple advanced geological prediction detectors 31 are installed on the working face 03 to sequentially excite the seismic source at the source excitation point 311 in a preset order, and collect seismic data information of the underground project; and / or, multiple seismic imagers 32 are installed on the working face 03 to collect seismic data information and / or seismic wave information of the underground project.

[0129] S6. Based on the third feature information, determine the risk zone 05 of the underground project;

[0130] In surface monitoring methods, geological prediction technology is used to assess the geological conditions ahead of the working face 03 and identify areas with potential geological hazard risks. By analyzing seismic data, risk zone 05 within 100m ahead of working face 03 can be identified. For example, when relative stress is high, water content is high, wave velocity is abnormal, rock mechanical parameters are abnormal, or the surrounding rock hazard level is high, risk zone 05 can be identified, providing a reference for subsequent excavation support adjustments and monitoring layout.

[0131] Risk zone 05 was monitored using area monitoring. If the indicators collected by point monitoring module 1 and line monitoring module are normal, it indicates that the surrounding rock is tending to be stable. If the indicators are abnormal, the monitoring frequency of point monitoring module 1 and line monitoring module, or the monitoring frequency of microseismic sensor 4, can be increased in risk zone 05.

[0132] S7. Based on the location of risk zone 05 and working face 03, set up multiple third monitoring sections 04 for the underground project;

[0133] S8, the body-type monitoring module is installed on multiple third monitoring sections 04 to collect the fourth characteristic information of underground engineering;

[0134] Specifically, multiple microseismic sensors 4 are installed on the third monitoring section 04 to collect fracture information of the underground engineering. Among them, the volumetric monitoring module can continuously capture micro-fracture events inside the rock mass. If abnormal situations such as the accumulation of micro-fracture events, a sharp increase in magnitude, a sharp increase in energy, or a sharp drop in b-value occur, an early warning will be issued, and the excavation and support plan will be adjusted.

[0135] S9. The data analysis platform receives and analyzes the first feature information, the second feature information, the third feature information, and the fourth feature information to adjust the excavation and support scheme of the underground project.

[0136] Specifically, according to multiple preset monitoring durations, the system records the first, second, third, and fourth characteristic information corresponding to each preset monitoring duration, and transmits the recorded information to the data analysis platform. For example, for point monitoring module 1, after installation, data is recorded every few days as excavation progresses. The monitoring durations of the line monitoring module, surface monitoring module, and volume monitoring module can be the same as or different from the monitoring duration of point monitoring module 1, or they can start monitoring on the same day. The monitoring methods and frequency can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific needs of the project and geological conditions.

[0137] In summary, compared to single-dimensional or uncoupled monitoring methods, the coupling of multiple monitoring methods enables monitoring across multiple dimensions, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the status and trends of underground engineering projects. This approach is more comprehensive, accurate, and reliable in both time and space, achieving dynamic safety control during the underground engineering excavation process.

[0138] The first monitoring section 01 and the second monitoring section 02 can be the same monitoring section. Preferably, the first monitoring section 01 and the second monitoring section 02 are arranged alternately, and the interval between them can be flexibly adjusted.

[0139] For isolinear engineering, please refer to Figures 4, 6 and 8. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the first monitoring section and the point monitoring module of the isolinear engineering; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second monitoring section and the line monitoring module before assembly of the isolinear engineering; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the working face and the advanced geological prediction detector.

[0140] As a further explanation of this embodiment, step S3 further includes:

[0141] S31. Drill holes on the two side walls, the top arch, and the two side shoulders of each first monitoring section 01 of the isolinear project to form multiple installation holes. Install multiple multi-point displacement gauges in some of the installation holes, and install anchor stress gauges in the installation holes between two adjacent multi-point displacement gauges.

[0142] In this embodiment, multi-point displacement gauges and anchor stress gauges are installed at different locations on the same monitoring section, with a certain distance between them. This ensures the consistency of the collected data in space and time, facilitating the analysis of data correlations and optimizing monitoring results. On each first monitoring section 01, multi-point displacement gauges can be deployed on the side walls, the top arch, and the side shoulders of the tunnel, while anchor stress gauges can be deployed to the sides of these locations, maintaining a certain interval to avoid mutual interference during drilling. This allows for comprehensive monitoring of the deformation and stress of the tunnel surrounding rock at different locations. Furthermore, point monitoring modules 1 are deployed along the length of the isolinear engineering section on multiple first monitoring sections 01 to obtain multi-point data along the tunnel axis, improving the reliability and accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0143] Specifically, boreholes are drilled at designated locations on each first monitoring section 01, with the borehole depth and diameter determined according to the specifications of the multi-point displacement gauge and the anchor stress gauge, and the monitoring requirements. The multi-point displacement gauge and the anchor stress gauge are then placed in the boreholes to ensure close contact with the surrounding rock.

[0144] Furthermore, step S4 further includes:

[0145] S41. Drill holes on both sides of the sidewalls and the top arch of each second monitoring section 02 of the isolinear project to form multiple detection holes 21. Install multiple acoustic detectors and multiple borehole panoramic digital imaging instruments in the multiple detection holes 21 respectively.

[0146] In this embodiment, the detection holes 21 of the acoustic wave detector and the borehole panoramic digital imager can be shared. The acoustic wave detector and the borehole panoramic digital imager are installed separately according to the position of the detection hole 21. Alternatively, for the same detection hole 21, the acoustic wave detector can be inserted after the borehole panoramic digital imager has been installed and tested. Or, when it is necessary to adjust the number of acoustic wave detectors and borehole panoramic digital imagers, some acoustic wave detectors / bombhole panoramic digital imagers can be removed, and the newly added borehole panoramic digital imagers / acoustic wave detectors can be installed into empty detection holes 21.

[0147] Furthermore, sharing the detection holes 21 on the same second monitoring section 02 can reduce the number of boreholes, reduce disturbance to the rock mass, reduce damage and risks, and enable concentrated construction during the drilling process, reducing the time and cost of setting up and removing equipment, and improving construction efficiency.

[0148] Furthermore, step S5 further includes:

[0149] S51. Multiple detector holes are formed by drilling holes in the 03 array of the working face of the isolinear engineering. Advanced geological prediction detectors 31 are arranged in each detector hole. Seismic source excitation points 311 are set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors 31 and at the edge of the array of advanced geological prediction detectors 31.

[0150] In isolinear engineering projects, since the project mainly extends along the axial direction and mainly faces changes in the geological conditions ahead, the advanced geological prediction detector 31 in the surface monitoring method can effectively predict the geological conditions ahead of the working face 03.

[0151] Furthermore, step S8 further includes:

[0152] S81. Drill holes at different heights on both sides of the third monitoring section 04 of the isolinear project to form multiple fixing holes, and install micro-vibration sensor 4 in each fixing hole using resin anchoring agent.

[0153] In this embodiment, Figure 10 shows the assembly principle diagram of the microseismic sensor. In Figure 10, 'a' represents the distribution pattern of the microseismic sensor in a frontal view when the tunnel face is not advancing; 'b' represents the distribution pattern of the microseismic sensor in a side view when the tunnel face is not advancing; and 'c' represents the movement state of the microseismic sensor in a frontal view during tunnel face advancement. Since the vibration signals of the surrounding rock differ at different heights, this embodiment deploys microseismic sensors 4 at different elevations on the left and right sidewalls to cover a wider spatial range. This allows for the acquisition of fracture information of the surrounding rock at different depths in three-dimensional space, capturing the inherently uneven micro-dynamic changes of the underground structure at different locations. This avoids the inaccurate reflection of differences in the underground structure at different heights by signals acquired at the same height, thus more fully utilizing the effect of three-dimensional monitoring.

[0154] Furthermore, step S8 further includes:

[0155] S82. Based on the current position of the working face 03, set a target monitoring section close to the current working face 03;

[0156] S83. Transfer the micro-seismic sensor 4 on the third monitoring section 04 that is far from the working face 03 among the multiple third monitoring sections 04 to the target monitoring section.

[0157] S84. When the target monitoring section is located outside the risk zone 05, a body-type monitoring module shall be added around the rock mass located within the risk zone 05.

[0158] In this embodiment, continuing to refer to Figure 10c, due to the long length of the tunnel project, as the tunnel face 03 advances along the length direction, the position of the microseismic sensors 4 can be continuously adjusted to gradually approach the risk zone 05 obtained by the surface monitoring module. Ultimately, all microseismic sensors 4 are located within the risk zone 05, ensuring that the monitoring coverage is always within the key area. If the tunnel face 03 continues to advance, and the microseismic sensors 4 continue to move forward, the risk zone 05 will be outside the monitoring range. If the rock mass within the risk zone 05 is not yet stable, another microseismic monitoring system will be deployed around the risk zone 05 to monitor the development of microfractures in the rock mass within the risk zone 05.

[0159] It is understandable that, for the latest working face 03 after advancement, surface monitoring modules can continue to be deployed on the current working face 03 to predict the geological conditions ahead of the current working face 03, thus obtaining the latest risk zone 05. As the working face 03 continues to advance, eventually all microseismic sensors 4 will be located within the latest risk zone 05.

[0160] For example, if the underground project is a linear project such as a tunnel, the embodiments of this application will be fully described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0161] Example 1:

[0162] A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering projects, comprising the following steps:

[0163] S101. Install point-type monitoring module 1 and introduce multi-point displacement gauges. Based on the surrounding rock quality grade obtained from the previous geological exploration, the first monitoring section 01 is set up every 20m-50m. A set of multi-point displacement gauges is installed on each side wall, top arch and side shoulders of each first monitoring section 01. After installation, as the excavation progresses, data is recorded every 1d-7d (the monitoring frequency is increased when the displacement changes significantly) to observe the internal deformation of the surrounding rock during the excavation and unloading disturbance of the underground project.

[0164] An anchor stress gauge was introduced, and the selection principle of the monitoring section was the same as that of the multi-point displacement gauge. They were both on the same first monitoring section 01, and maintained a horizontal distance of 1m from the multi-point displacement gauge to avoid the impact of installation and drilling. After installation, data were recorded every 1-7 days as excavation progressed to observe the stress change characteristics of the surrounding rock during the excavation and unloading disturbance process of the underground project.

[0165] S102. Deploy linear monitoring modules using acoustic wave detectors. Set up a second monitoring section 02 every 30m-100m. Set up three detection holes 21 at the top arch and side walls of each second monitoring section 02. The hole diameter is 90mm and the hole depth is 9m-16m. After drilling, rock acoustic wave detection is carried out every 2d-7d (the detection frequency is high in the early stage and decreases after the surrounding rock stabilizes). Monitor the quality of the surrounding rock mass, the depth of unloading relaxation, and whether the rock mass has reached stability.

[0166] A borehole panoramic digital imaging system was introduced to comprehensively interpret the integrity of the rock mass and the development of fractures. The boreholes used for drilling and the sonic detector were shared, and the acquisition frequency was the same as that of the sonic detector. After each detection, the distribution range of the fractured rock mass was obtained.

[0167] S103. A surface monitoring module is installed, incorporating advanced geological prediction technology to predict the geological conditions in front of the tunnel face 03. Eight detector holes are installed on the tunnel face 03, arranged in two or three rows, with the bottom row having a distance from the bottom of the tunnel face 03. Depending on the tunnel height, the interval between two detector holes in each row is 2m, and there are four detector holes in each row, which are roughly evenly distributed according to the tunnel width. Advanced geological prediction detectors 31 are placed inside the detector holes, with the placement direction of the advanced geological prediction detectors 31 parallel to the tunnel's transverse axis and perpendicular to the tunnel face 03. Seismic source excitation points 311 are arranged in the middle of two detector holes and on both edges of each row of detector holes. The hammer is activated point by point according to the initially determined sequence to provide a reference for subsequent excavation support adjustment and monitoring layout.

[0168] S104. Deploy a body-type monitoring module and introduce microseismic monitoring methods. Focus on the 20m front and rear of the working face 03 and the risk zone 05 obtained by the surface monitoring module as the key monitoring areas. Set up three third monitoring sections 04 at 30m, 50m and 70m behind the working face 03. Two microseismic sensors 4 are set up at different elevations on the left and right sidewalls of each third monitoring section 04, for a total of six microseismic sensors 4 to monitor the 20m front and rear of the working face 03. When the working face 03 advances by 20m, move the two sensors on the third monitoring section 04 farthest from the working face 03 to 30m behind the working face 03, and repeat this process.

[0169] As the working face 03 advances, the risk zone 05 detected by the face monitoring module will gradually enter the monitoring range. If the working face 03 continues to advance and the microseismic sensor 4 continues to move forward, and the risk zone 05 is outside the monitoring range and the rock mass in the risk zone 05 is not yet stable, another microseismic monitoring system will be set up around the risk zone 05 to monitor the micro-fracture information of the rock mass in the risk zone 05. This microseismic monitoring system will be removed after the rock mass in the risk zone 05 stabilizes.

[0170] For the high sidewall project, please refer to Figures 5, 7, 8 and 9. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the first monitoring section and the point monitoring module of the high sidewall project; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second monitoring section and the line monitoring module before assembly of the high sidewall project; Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the excavation bottom plate and the seismic imager of the high sidewall project.

[0171] As a further explanation of this embodiment, step S3 further includes:

[0172] S32. On the side walls, top arch and side shoulders of each first monitoring section 01 on the first floor of the high side wall project, and on the side walls of each first monitoring section 01 on each floor except the first floor, multiple installation holes are drilled to form multiple multi-point displacement gauges. Multiple multi-point displacement gauges are installed in some of the installation holes, and anchor stress gauges are installed in the installation holes between two adjacent multi-point displacement gauges.

[0173] In this embodiment, the high sidewall project has a complex spatial structure, with multiple layers of excavation forming a multi-layered spatial structure. In this multi-layered spatial structure, each layer is excavated along its axial direction to form a spatial structure. Once one layer is formed, the next layer is excavated along its height, ultimately resulting in each layer overlapping in the height direction. Except for the first layer (hereinafter referred to as the first layer), which has a slightly different structure, the structures of each subsequent layer are identical. Specifically, the first layer includes two sidewalls, a top arch, and two side shoulders, while each layer below the first layer includes two sidewalls.

[0174] For each layer, the characteristic structure for installing the multi-point displacement gauge and anchor stress gauge on the first monitoring section 01 can be referred to in step S31, which will not be elaborated further in this embodiment.

[0175] Furthermore, step S4 further includes:

[0176] S42. On the side walls and top arch of each second monitoring section 02 on the first floor of the high side wall project, and on the side walls of each second monitoring section 02 on each floor except the first floor, multiple detection holes 21 are drilled to form multiple acoustic detectors and multiple borehole panoramic digital imaging instruments.

[0177] In this embodiment, for each layer of the high side wall project, it is also necessary to drill holes and excavate along the axial direction to form a spatial three-dimensional structure. Therefore, multiple second monitoring sections 02 can be set for each layer. The characteristic structure of the linear monitoring module on the second monitoring section 02 can be referred to step S41, which will not be elaborated in this embodiment.

[0178] Typically, the length of each floor in a high sidewall project is shorter than that in a linear project, so one monitoring section can be set up for each floor of a high sidewall project.

[0179] Furthermore, step S5 further includes:

[0180] S52. Multiple detector holes are formed by drilling holes in the 03 array at the working face of the high sidewall project. Advanced geological prediction detectors 31 are installed in each detector hole, and seismic source excitation points 311 are set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors 31 and at the edge of the array of advanced geological prediction detectors 31. Imaging holes are formed by vertically drilling holes in the area corresponding to the bottom of the two sidewalls in the first layer of the high sidewall project, and a seismic imager 32 is installed in each imaging hole.

[0181] In high sidewall engineering, the excavation extends not only along the axial direction but also along the height direction. During excavation along both the axial and height directions, the geological conditions change significantly in both the vertical and horizontal directions. There are two working faces 03. One working face 03 corresponds to the working face excavated in the horizontal direction for each layer (as shown in Figure 8), which is the same as step S51. The other working face 03 corresponds to the working face excavated in the height direction, i.e., the excavation bottom plate after the first layer of excavation is completed (as shown in Figure 9). For the changes in the horizontal direction, the advanced geological prediction detector 31 in the surface monitoring method is used to predict the geological conditions of the working face 03 located in the horizontal direction. For the changes in the vertical direction, the seismic imager 32 in the surface monitoring method is used to predict the geological conditions of the working face 03 located in the vertical direction.

[0182] Preferably, multiple seismic imagers 32 are installed in the area corresponding to the bottom of the two side walls in the first layer of the high sidewall project. That is, after the excavation of the first layer is completed, the seismic imagers 32 are installed on the excavation slab of the first layer to monitor the changes in seismic wave information of the multi-layer spatial three-dimensional structure located below the first layer. Combined with the geological prediction detector 31 for the geological prediction in the horizontal direction, the three-dimensional space of the high sidewall project can be comprehensively monitored, providing a more three-dimensional perception. This makes it easier for staff to better grasp the stability of each layer of the high sidewall project and predict the potential collapse risk during the excavation of each layer.

[0183] Furthermore, step S8 further includes:

[0184] S85. Drill holes in different areas of the third monitoring section 04 of at least two layers of the high sidewall project to form multiple fixing holes, and install micro-vibration sensor 4 in each fixing hole using resin anchoring agent.

[0185] In this embodiment, combined with step S52, it can be known that the risk zone 05 can be obtained through the corresponding planar monitoring module in both the vertical and horizontal directions. That is to say, the third monitoring section 04 can be located within the risk zone 05 monitored in the vertical direction and / or within the risk zone 05 monitored in the horizontal direction. For example, for the risk zone 05 monitored in the vertical direction, that is, the bottom surface after each layer of the underground cavern with high sidewall is excavated, multiple microseismic sensors 4 are arranged around the potential risk zone 05 according to the size of the risk zone 05, in a spatial "volume" arrangement.

[0186] For example, if the underground project is a multi-layered excavation project with high side walls, such as the underground powerhouse of a hydropower station, the embodiments of this application will be fully described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0187] Example 2:

[0188] A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering projects, comprising the following steps:

[0189] S201. Install point monitoring module 1 and introduce multi-point displacement gauges. Based on the surrounding rock quality grade obtained from the previous geological exploration, the first monitoring section 01 is set up every 20m-50m. For the first layer, a set of multi-point displacement gauges needs to be installed on both side walls, the top arch and both side shoulders. After the second layer, multi-point displacement gauges are installed on both side walls of each layer. After installation, as the excavation progresses, data is recorded every 1d-7d to observe the internal deformation of the surrounding rock during the excavation and unloading disturbance process of the underground project.

[0190] The anchor stress gauge is introduced, which follows the same principle as step S101.

[0191] S202. Deploy linear monitoring modules using acoustic wave detectors. Set up a second monitoring section 02 every 30m-100m. Set up three detection holes 21 on the top arch and side walls of each second monitoring section 02 in the first layer. Set up detection holes 21 on the side walls of each layer after the first layer. The hole diameter is 90mm and the hole depth is 9m-16m. After drilling, rock acoustic wave detection is carried out every 2d-7d to monitor the quality of the surrounding rock mass, the depth of unloading relaxation, and whether the rock mass has reached stability.

[0192] The principle of introducing a borehole panoramic digital imager is the same as that of step S102.

[0193] S203. A surface monitoring module is deployed, incorporating advanced geological prediction technology to predict the geological conditions in front of the tunnel face 03 of the first layer. Eight geophones are installed on the tunnel face 03, arranged in two or three rows, with each row spaced 2m apart and four geophones per row, distributed roughly evenly according to the tunnel width. The advanced geological prediction geophones 31 in each row are spaced 2m apart, and are placed parallel to the tunnel's transverse axis and perpendicular to the tunnel face 03. Seismic source excitation points 311 are arranged in the middle of the geophones and on both edges of each row of geophones. The seismic source is excited point by point according to a predetermined sequence to facilitate data acquisition.

[0194] A seismic imager 32 was introduced for vertical geological prediction. After the first layer of excavation was completed, vertical holes were drilled on both side walls. Depending on construction factors and data accuracy, the hole depth was 10m-25m and the hole diameter was 75mm. The holes on the same side wall were spaced 20m-40m apart. After drilling, the seismic imager 32 was used to image the holes and obtain multiple sets of seismic fault images. Based on the distribution pattern of seismic wave velocity in the fault images, combined with the lithology, structure, weathering unloading, and rock mass quality of the area under investigation, the anomaly range and extension direction were determined and geological inferences were made to predict the risk zone 05 of the surrounding rock, providing a basis for excavation support and subsequent monitoring.

[0195] S204. Deploy the volumetric monitoring module. Based on the potential risk zone 05 obtained from the surface monitoring results, conduct volumetric monitoring of it. Introduce microseismic monitoring technology. Depending on the size of the risk zone 05, deploy 6 or 12 microseismic sensors 4 around the potential risk zone 05. The microseismic sensors 4 are deployed in a spatial "volume". As shown in Figure 11, Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of the distribution of microseismic sensors relative to the risk zone in the high sidewall project. If conditions permit, the microseismic sensors 4 can be deployed in the upper drainage corridor 5 and the middle drainage corridor 6, or in the side tunnels and adjacent tunnels, ensuring that the risk zone 05 is within the monitoring array as much as possible. The spacing between the microseismic sensors 4 should not exceed 70m. The hole depth of the fixing hole of the microseismic sensor 4 should be 1m-3m, and the hole diameter should be 35mm-50mm. Use resin anchoring agent to tightly bond the sensor to the original rock.

[0196] The method embodiments and system embodiments have similarities, and relevant parts can be referred to each other.

[0197] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of this application are not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the embodiments of this application, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily required by the embodiments of this application.

[0198] It should also be noted that, in this document, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations, nor should they be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Moreover, the term "comprising" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device.

Claims

1. A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering, characterized in that, The system is designed for installation on underground projects requiring excavation and includes: Point-type monitoring modules are used to be installed on multiple first monitoring sections of the underground project; A linear monitoring module is used to be installed on multiple second monitoring sections of the underground project; A surface monitoring module is used to install on the working face of the underground project; A body-type monitoring module is used to be installed on multiple third monitoring sections of the underground project; A data analysis platform is used to receive and analyze the first feature information collected by the point monitoring module, the second feature information collected by the line monitoring module, the third feature information collected by the area monitoring module, and the fourth feature information collected by the volume monitoring module, in order to adjust the excavation and support scheme of the underground project; wherein, Multiple first monitoring sections and multiple second monitoring sections are respectively arranged at intervals along the excavation direction of the underground project; and, The multiple third monitoring sections are located within the risk zone characterized by the third feature information, as well as in the area close to the working face.

2. The multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The point monitoring module includes multiple multi-point displacement gauges and / or multiple anchor stress gauges; each multi-point displacement gauge is used to collect displacement information of the underground project, and each anchor stress gauge is used to collect stress information of the underground project, wherein the first feature information includes the displacement information and / or the stress information; The linear monitoring module includes multiple acoustic wave detectors and / or multiple borehole panoramic digital imagers; Each of the acoustic wave detectors is used to collect acoustic wave information of the underground project, and each of the borehole panoramic digital imaging devices is used to collect imaging information of the underground project. The second feature information includes the acoustic wave information and / or the imaging information. The surface monitoring module includes multiple advanced geological prediction detectors and / or multiple seismic imagers. Each advanced geological prediction detector is used to collect seismic data information of the underground project; each seismic imager is used to collect seismic wave information of the underground project, and the third feature information includes the seismic data information and / or the seismic wave information. The body-type monitoring module includes multiple microseismic sensors, each of which is used to collect rupture information of the underground project, and the fourth feature information includes the rupture information; The earthquake data information includes at least one of the following: relative stress, water content probability, P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, P-wave / S-wave velocity ratio, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, and surrounding rock hazard level results map; the earthquake wave information includes at least one of the following: wave velocity distribution, three-dimensional image, and anomalous region. The rupture information includes at least one of microseismic events, magnitude, microseismic frequency, and microseismic waveform.

3. The multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that, The underground works include linear engineering works; Multiple multi-point displacement gauges are deployed on the two side walls, the top arch, and the two side arch shoulders of each first monitoring section of the isolinear project, and each anchor stress gauge is deployed between two adjacent multi-point displacement gauges on each first monitoring section; Multiple acoustic wave detectors and multiple borehole panoramic digital imaging devices are respectively deployed on the two side walls and the top arch of each second monitoring section of the isolinear project; Multiple arrays of advanced geological prediction detectors are arranged on the working face of the isolinear engineering, and seismic source excitation points are set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors and at the edge of the advanced geological prediction detector array. Multiple microseismic sensors are deployed on both sides of each of the third monitoring sections of the isolinear engineering project, and are located at different heights on the multiple third monitoring sections.

4. The multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that, The underground works include high sidewall works; Multiple multi-point displacement gauges are deployed on the two side walls, the top arch and the two side arch shoulders of each first monitoring section of the first floor of the high side wall project, as well as on the two side walls of each first monitoring section of each floor except the first floor; each anchor stress gauge is deployed between two adjacent multi-point displacement gauges on each first monitoring section. Multiple acoustic detectors and multiple borehole panoramic digital imaging devices are respectively deployed on the two side walls and the top arch of each second monitoring section of the first layer of the high side wall project, as well as on the two side walls of each second monitoring section of each layer except the first layer. Multiple arrays of advanced geological prediction detectors are deployed on the working face of the high sidewall project, and seismic source excitation points are set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors and at the edges of the advanced geological prediction detector arrays; and multiple seismic imagers are deployed in the area corresponding to the bottom of the two sidewalls in the first layer of the high sidewall project. Multiple microseismic sensors are distributed in different areas of the third monitoring section of at least two layers of the high sidewall project.

5. A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering, characterized in that, The method relies on the multi-dimensional integrated monitoring system for underground engineering as described in any one of claims 1-4, and the method includes: Select the underground engineering project that needs to be excavated, and excavate to the working face; Multiple first monitoring sections and multiple second monitoring sections are set at intervals along the direction of the underground engineering excavation; Point-type monitoring modules are installed on multiple first monitoring sections to collect first characteristic information of the underground project; Linear monitoring modules are installed on multiple second monitoring sections to collect second characteristic information of the underground project; A surface monitoring module is installed on the working face to collect the third characteristic information of the underground project; Based on the third feature information, the risk zone of the underground project is determined; Based on the location of the risk zone and the working face, multiple third monitoring sections of the underground project are set. The body-type monitoring module is installed on multiple of the third monitoring sections to collect the fourth characteristic information of the underground project; The data analysis platform receives and analyzes the first feature information, the second feature information, the third feature information, and the fourth feature information to adjust the excavation and support scheme of the underground project.

6. The multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that, The point-based monitoring module is installed on multiple of the first monitoring sections to collect the first characteristic information of the underground project, including: Multiple multi-point displacement gauges and / or multiple anchor stress gauges are installed on multiple of the first monitoring sections to collect displacement and / or stress information of the underground engineering; wherein, The linear monitoring module is installed on multiple second monitoring sections to collect second characteristic information of the underground project, including: Multiple acoustic wave detectors and / or multiple borehole panoramic digital imagers are installed on multiple second monitoring sections to collect acoustic wave information and / or imaging information of the underground engineering; wherein, The surface monitoring module is installed on the working face to collect the third characteristic information of the underground project, including: Multiple advanced geological prediction detectors are installed on the working face to sequentially trigger seismic sources at the source excitation point in a preset order, acquiring seismic data information of the underground project; the seismic data information includes at least one of relative stress, water content probability, P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, P-wave / S-wave velocity ratio, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, and surrounding rock hazard level results map; and / or, multiple seismic imagers are installed on the working face to acquire seismic wave information of the underground project; the seismic wave information includes at least one of wave velocity distribution, three-dimensional image, and anomalous areas; wherein, The body-type monitoring module is installed on multiple of the third monitoring sections to collect fourth characteristic information of the underground project, including: Multiple microseismic sensors are installed on the third monitoring section to collect rupture information of the underground project; the rupture information includes at least one of microseismic events, magnitude, microseismic frequency, and microseismic waveform.

7. The multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that, The underground works include linear engineering works; The point-based monitoring module is installed on multiple of the first monitoring sections, including: Multiple mounting holes are formed by drilling holes on the side walls, top arch, and side shoulders of each first monitoring section of the isolinear project. Multiple multi-point displacement gauges are installed in some of the mounting holes, and anchor stress gauges are installed in the mounting holes between two adjacent multi-point displacement gauges. The linear monitoring module is installed on multiple second monitoring sections, including: Multiple detection holes are formed by drilling holes on the side walls and the top arch of each second monitoring section of the isolinear project. Multiple acoustic detectors and multiple borehole panoramic digital imaging devices are respectively arranged in the multiple detection holes. The surface monitoring module is installed on the working face, including: Multiple detector holes are formed by drilling holes in the face array of the isolinear engineering. The advanced geological prediction detector is arranged in each detector hole, and the seismic source excitation point is set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction detectors and at the edge of the advanced geological prediction detector array. The body-type monitoring module is installed on multiple of the third monitoring sections, including: Multiple fixing holes are formed by drilling holes at different heights on both sides of the third monitoring section of the isolinear engineering, and the micro-vibration sensor is installed in each fixing hole using resin anchoring agent.

8. The multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that, The underground works include high sidewall works; The point-based monitoring module is installed on multiple of the first monitoring sections, including: Multiple mounting holes are drilled on both sides of the first monitoring section of the first layer of the high side wall project, on the top arch and both sides of the arch shoulders, and on both sides of the first monitoring section of each layer except the first layer. Multiple multi-point displacement gauges are installed in some of the mounting holes, and anchor stress gauges are installed in the mounting holes between two adjacent multi-point displacement gauges. The linear monitoring module is installed on multiple second monitoring sections, including: Multiple detection holes are drilled on both sides of the second monitoring section and the top arch of each second monitoring section on the first floor of the high side wall project, as well as on both sides of the second monitoring section of each floor except the first floor. Multiple acoustic detectors and multiple borehole panoramic digital imaging devices are respectively installed in the multiple detection holes. The surface monitoring module is installed on the working face, including: Multiple geophone holes are formed by drilling holes in the working face array of the high sidewall project. An advanced geological prediction geophone is installed in each geophone hole, and a seismic source excitation point is set between two adjacent advanced geological prediction geophones and at the edge of the advanced geological prediction geophone array. In addition, imaging holes are formed by vertically drilling holes in the area corresponding to the bottom of the two sidewalls in the first layer of the high sidewall project, and a seismic imager is installed in each imaging hole. The body-type monitoring module is installed on multiple of the third monitoring sections, including: Multiple fixing holes are formed by drilling holes in different areas of the third monitoring section of at least two layers of the high sidewall project, and the micro-vibration sensor is installed in each fixing hole by means of resin anchoring agent.

9. The multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering according to claim 7, characterized in that, The body-type monitoring module is installed on multiple of the third monitoring sections, and also includes: Based on the current position of the working face, a target monitoring section is set that is close to the current working face; The microseismic sensors on the third monitoring sections that are far from the working face are transferred to the target monitoring section; When the target monitoring section is located outside the risk zone, the body monitoring module is added around the rock mass located within the risk zone.

10. A multi-dimensional integrated monitoring method for underground engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method of setting multiple first monitoring sections and multiple second monitoring sections at intervals along the direction of excavation of the underground project includes: The quality grade of the surrounding rock of the underground project was obtained through preliminary geological exploration techniques; Based on the surrounding rock quality grade, the interval distance of the corresponding monitoring section is set; According to the aforementioned interval distance, multiple first monitoring sections and multiple second monitoring sections are set; The data analysis platform receives and analyzes the first feature information, the second feature information, the third feature information, and the fourth feature information, including: According to multiple preset monitoring durations, the first feature information, the second feature information, the third feature information, and the fourth feature information corresponding to each preset monitoring duration are recorded, and the recorded information is transmitted to the data analysis platform.

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