Greenhouse unit

Abstract

The invention relates to a greenhouse unit (10) which comprises photovoltaic modules (30) for creating shade and generating energy. The modules are installed above a suspended film roof (22) arranged completely below the supporting structure (16) and can be rotatably or movably mounted independently of one another. As a result, light transmission and shade can be controlled flexibly, with the energy generated being used primarily for cooling and climate control in the cultivation space (46). Sensors detect environmental parameters and automatically control the module position. A light-scattering special film prevents uneven lighting ("zebra effect"). The combination of movable PV modules, film cover and intelligent control enables energy-efficient plant production which is adapted to different climate zones.

Description

[0001] Greenhouse unit

[0002] Description of the invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a greenhouse that is specifically adapted to different climate zones and their changing climatic conditions. The solar energy generated is primarily used not for feeding into the power grid, but for cooling the greenhouse in order to effectively counteract the increasing temperature stresses resulting from climate change.

[0004] Modern greenhouses are used in various regions for cultivating useful and ornamental plants such as vegetables, fruits, and flowers. Particularly due to climate change and its effects on solar radiation and temperature, there is an increasing need to adapt greenhouses to different climate zones, such as arid, Mediterranean, or temperate zones.

[0005] The present invention offers a combination of energy generation and climate control, with the generated energy being used primarily for cooling purposes. The greenhouse design is based on the flexible use of photovoltaic (PV) modules, which enable dynamic control of light transmission and simultaneously support temperature regulation.

[0006] State of the art

[0007] Greenhouses are used worldwide to cultivate plants under various climatic conditions. They often employ glass or foil structures held in place by supporting frameworks. Modern greenhouses are additionally equipped with auxiliary systems, such as lighting, ventilation, and irrigation systems, to create optimal growing conditions.

[0008] In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the use of renewable energies, with photovoltaic systems for electricity generation being particularly common on greenhouse roofs. These systems were originally subsidized to feed surplus electricity into the grid, while now the focus is on self-consumption, for example for cooling, lighting, or ventilation within the greenhouse.

[0009] As climate change progresses, extreme weather conditions are occurring more frequently, particularly in arid, Mediterranean, and temperate climate zones. High temperatures and intense sunlight put a strain on both plants and the entire climate system of a greenhouse.

[0010] * Arid zones (700-1000 W / m²) 2 IR radiation) requires particularly strong cooling and shading during the hottest parts of the day, as temperatures fluctuate considerably.

[0011] * Mediterranean regions (600-800 W / m²)2 (in summer) benefit from flexible climate control to provide sufficient shade during the hot summer months, while additional heat is needed in winter.

[0012] * Temperate zones (400-600 W / m²) 2 They require a precise balance between shading and direct sunlight, as the seasons vary considerably. Climate change is leading to increased solar radiation in many regions, necessitating improved ventilation and cooling within greenhouses.

[0013] The applicant had already described a greenhouse with a suspended foil roof and PV modules in DE202010000274U1, which serve for energy generation and shading. The modules can be attached at various angles and in different arrangements to optimize energy yield. However, a disadvantage is the lack of specific light diffusion, which can lead to a zebra effect in plant growth. Furthermore, the module mounts are not very flexible and are susceptible to wind and gusts.

[0014] Patent DE202017000843U1 deals with a sawtooth-roofed greenhouse with integrated PV modules for energy generation and variable light transmission. A disadvantage is that the PV modules also produce the zebra effect, as no targeted scattering of light is provided. Furthermore, the modules lack a protective film, making them susceptible to wind and dust.

[0015] WO2023238057A1 describes a foldable, multi-layered roof system for greenhouses that uses PV modules for energy generation and climate control. It consists of three layers: a climate layer for regulating temperature and humidity, a PV layer for power generation and shading, and a protective layer that shields the modules from wind and dust. The layers can be moved independently to flexibly control light transmission and the internal climate. The foldable PV module system on a movable film described in WO2023238057A1 has the disadvantage of being subject to severe mechanical and thermal stress, especially in hot climates where the surface temperatures of the PV modules can reach 80 °C or more. In the long term, this leads to material fatigue, deformation, and reduced efficiency, significantly impacting the system's lifespan. Task:

[0016] The object of the present invention is to develop a greenhouse that is adapted to changing climatic conditions and can be used in different climate zones. Photovoltaic modules (PV modules) are intended to (a) provide shading and (b) primarily use the energy they generate for cooling. The modules should be flexibly positionable to dynamically adapt to changing light and climate conditions. Furthermore, the zebra effect should be prevented by a suitable film, and the modules should be protected from environmental influences such as wind and dirt.

[0017] Solution to the problem:

[0018] The solution to the problem arises from the features of claim 1, with advantageous embodiments being the subject of the dependent claims.

[0019] Examples of implementation:

[0020] They show:

[0021] Figure 1: Schematic, perspective side view of a greenhouse with a mounted PV system.

[0022] Figure 1A: Perspective side view of a greenhouse with larger, lower-positioned PV panels, as a variant of Figure 1.

[0023] Figure 1B: Side view of the supporting structure with single-arm supported, movable PV panels.

[0024] Figure 2: Alternative embodiment with PV modules arranged transversely to the suspended foils and a 90-degree orientation towards direct sunlight.

[0025] Figure 3: Schematic, perspective side view of another embodiment in which the truss girders obscure the PV panels due to their height. Description of the figures:

[0026] Figure 1 shows an example of a schematic, perspective side view of a greenhouse unit 10 with a mounted PV system (photovoltaic modules 30). The unit has a width of 3 meters and a total length of 12 meters, with vertical supports 12 spaced 3 meters apart. Several such units 10 can be arranged in parallel or in series. The spacing of the supports 12 is chosen, among other reasons, because the PV modules 30 are 3 meters long. The supports 12 are attached to foundations 14, which are connected to each other via ground supports 15. The ground supports 15 carry the supports 12 and are anchored in the ground 17 by the foundations 14.

[0027] Sensors are located in the soil 17 or in the immediate vicinity of the plants not shown, which, in addition to soil moisture, also record other parameters relevant to the PV system such as amount of light, light intensity and the angle of incidence of the light.

[0028] Horizontal lattice girders 16 serve as a support structure for rails 28, which run along the longitudinal axis of the greenhouse 10. Suspension bars 28 for the film sheet 22 suspended between them are attached to these rails and function as a hanging roof covering. The film sheet 22 is held in the closed position by a weight, such as an inserted tube 20. The entire roof covering is located below the lattice girders 16, and together with uprights 12 and wall elements 21, it forms a growing space 46.

[0029] In one embodiment, the PV modules 30 are rotatably mounted in the lattice girders 16, with the PV modules 30 being attached via laterally mounted pins that are positioned either in the middle or at the lower end of the modules and are received in corresponding bearing bushings or holders within the lattice girders 16 to allow the modules to tilt and rotate about a horizontal axis. In an alternative embodiment, a rail 26 is attached to the lattice girders 16, into which single-arm, movable supports 34 engage, which support the PV modules 30 and allow movement of the modules along the rail 26.

[0030] The PV modules 30 differ from conventional flat roof modules in two key features: They are bifacial, meaning they actively capture light on both sides, and they are installed vertically.

[0031] The lower operating temperatures of the vertically installed PV modules 30 contribute to higher performance, as PV modules lose efficiency as temperatures rise.

[0032] While tilted PV modules often reach temperatures exceeding 50°C, vertical modules only heat up by 25 to 30°C above the ambient temperature. Additionally, horizontal or tilted PV modules require more maintenance in northern regions with snowstorms or in southern climates with sandstorms, as these weather conditions can block energy production for several days. With vertically installed PV modules, however, snow or sand falls through, significantly reducing maintenance requirements. Due to their low profile (e.g., 30 cm) and lightweight construction from aluminum or plastic, vertical PV modules are particularly light and practical for mounting on greenhouses.

[0033] Two alternative mechanisms are available for moving the PV modules 30:

[0034] a) Each bracket 34 is equipped with a small electric drive.

[0035] b) Alternatively, the bracket 34 can be moved via a cable system with a coupling mechanism or a motorized rack and pinion drive,

[0036] The PV modules 30 are moved along the rail 26 using single-arm, movable brackets 34. Each drive (not shown in the figure) allows each PV module 30 to be moved independently (variant A). The electric drives are synchronized and centrally controlled to ensure uniform movement of the modules. Position sensors in the drives ensure that the PV modules 30 stop automatically at the end of the rail 26 or in a desired end position. While the PV modules 30 remain fixed in the end position, those further away can continue to be moved along the rail 26 until all have reached the end position. This allows the roof to be fully or partially cleared. Thanks to the vertical arrangement and the shallow installation depth, the PV modules 30 can be installed in a space-saving manner.

[0037] In variant B, a cable or gear system with a coupling mechanism, the PV modules 30 are connected to each other and moved sequentially. As soon as a PV module 30 reaches its end position, it is automatically decoupled from the cable, while the remaining PV modules 30 continue to move. The cable system enables centralized movement of the PV modules 30. A braking mechanism ensures that the PV modules 30 remain fixed in their end position. This system can represent an energy-efficient and more cost-effective alternative to variant A. The rails 26 and brackets 34 are designed to support the load of the PV modules 30 and offer a low-maintenance solution. While the cable system may have lower maintenance requirements, the electric drive system (variant A) requires regular inspections of the motors and sensors.

[0038] In temperate climates, the number of PV modules 30 is typically two per 3 meters, with a spacing of approximately 1 meter between each module, as each module has a depth of about 5 cm. However, in Mediterranean or arid climates, more modules can be used along the same stretch, depending on light and shading requirements. Adding or removing modules is possible, either through simple integration into the existing system (option a) or by modifying the cable system with a coupling mechanism (option b).

[0039] To protect the PV modules 30, the cover film 32 can be run over the cable 37, which is stretched between the connecting beams 18. This protects the PV modules 30 from sand, sandstorms, and wind in arid climates. This is also useful in northern regions, as it protects the PV modules 30 from snow and wind.

[0040] Additionally, the enclosed area around the PV modules 30 can be cooled. Depending on the climate zone, the cover film 32 can either remain permanently closed or be designed so that it can be opened as needed. A previously mentioned film system, consisting of the film 20 and the pipes 22, is installed below the lattice girders 16 and above the growing area 46. In Mediterranean or arid climate zones, it can be advantageous to shield the growing area with a permanently closed film 20 to allow for controlled ventilation, cooling, and CO2 enrichment. In these climate zones, a closed structure ensures more stable climatic conditions in the greenhouse and thus contributes significantly to improving plant growth.

[0041] Since CO2 enrichment is necessary in closed greenhouses, CO2 enrichment systems are frequently used, which utilize fossil fuels such as natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to generate CO2. However, in light of global warming, interest in more environmentally friendly alternatives is growing. A promising solution is the use of so-called CO2 catchers, which extract carbon dioxide from the ambient air of the greenhouse and make it available for enrichment within the greenhouse. This technology enables sustainable CO2 harvesting without the use of fossil fuels. In this way, the CO2 requirements of the plants can be met, and the ecological footprint of greenhouse operations can be significantly reduced. The energy required for this can be covered by the electricity generated by the PV modules (30).

[0042] The spacing of the PV modules 30 and the resulting irregular shading can cause the so-called zebra effect on the plants. This effect is caused by uneven light distribution, which negatively impacts plant growth. To prevent this effect, the film 22, for example, is designed to be diffuse. By integrating silver nanoparticles into the film 22, the incident light is evenly scattered. This optimizes the light reaching the plants, avoids the zebra effect, and ensures uniform illumination that promotes plant growth.

[0043] Figure 1A shows a perspective side view of a variation of Figure 1, in which the PV modules 31 are larger and positioned lower. As previously described, the lower suspended foil system 22, which is attached below the lattice girders 16 by means of the weight element 20, forms the actual roof above the growing area 46. This allows for larger dimensions of the PV modules 31, which are equipped with a tilting mechanism 24 in the lattice girders 16. In simpler versions, the PV modules 30 can also be fixedly installed, in which case they are not horizontally displaceable but can still be tilted to ensure the shading function. Additionally, engagement elements (hooks), not shown in detail, are attached to the upper and lower edges of the PV modules 30, which make it possible to lock the PV modules 30 in a horizontal position and link them together.This provides additional protection in storms or extreme weather conditions, as the PV modules 30 are firmly connected to each other. In this design as well, the cover films 32 can run over the rope 37 to provide additional protection.

[0044] Figure 1B shows a schematic top view of the greenhouse with the PV modules 30 mounted on it. These modules are arranged in parallel rows to the roof surface to ensure even distribution across the greenhouse roof. The number of PV modules 30 depends primarily on the climate zone in which the greenhouse is located. In temperate zones, an installation of two modules every 3 meters, with a height of 30 cm and a variable spacing of 1 meter, has proven effective. In arid regions, more modules can be used as needed.

[0045] The PV modules 30 are attached to single-arm brackets 34, which can be flexibly moved along the rails 26. Figure 1B shows how the bracket 34 engages with the rail 26 via a drive train with a drive wheel 40 (not described in detail). An electric motor housed in a casing 38 drives this drive train, thus enabling the movement of the PV modules 30 along the rail. Although a simple embodiment is shown here, the use of a wheel hub motor would be more advantageous, as it requires less space and creates additional room for further functions of the single-arm brackets 34. These additional functions would include the ability to position the PV modules 30 vertically higher or lower.

[0046] Alternatively, the PV modules 30 can also be individually adjustable via a previously mentioned mechanical cable system with a coupling mechanism. The coupling mechanism is designed as a latch coupling, clamp coupling, or spring-loaded locking mechanism to adjust the position of each PV module 30 independently on the rails 26. The arrangement of the PV modules 30 ensures optimal light regulation and shading, while their south-facing orientation guarantees maximum solar irradiance. Not shown, but important, is an electromechanical rotation mechanism 36 (see Figure 3) attached to the single-arm brackets. This mechanism allows the tilt angle of the PV modules 30 to be adjusted to the position of the sun and also permits vertical positioning of the modules.

[0047] PV modules 30 are typically dark, often black, which is a disadvantage because dark colors absorb more heat. This is problematic in arid climates, as the additional heat can significantly reduce the efficiency of the PV modules 30. White PV modules 30 would be more advantageous in these regions because they reflect more light and absorb less heat. This is particularly important for shading the plants in cultivation area 46. Another option is to combine white and transparent modules. This could both increase the amount of light reaching the plants and offer flexibility in designing multi-layered PV modules 30. Modern PV modules are becoming increasingly thinner and lighter anyway, which facilitates the implementation of such multi-layered solutions.

[0048] Alternatively, the PV modules 30 can be designed to be semi-transparent, with the partial transparency being achieved either by a completely semi-transparent structure with a photochromic layer that darkens when exposed to UV light and lightens when the UV light decreases, or by an alternating arrangement of PV elements and transparent areas within the PV modules 30.

[0049] Figure 1B also indicates that the PV modules 30 are tiltable.

[0050] The mounting and adjustability of the PV modules 30 are determined by various factors, including the climate zone, the greenhouse height, the angle of the sun, and the configuration of the PV modules 30, such as their arrangement and height. These aspects play a crucial role in planning an energy-efficient and climate-adapted greenhouse. The flexible options for controlling light and shading provided by the PV modules 30 make it possible to create optimal growing conditions for plants while simultaneously ensuring sustainable electricity generation, with the generated electricity being used for both cooling and CO2 capture.

[0051] Example calculation:

[0052] The typical height of commercial greenhouses is usually 4 to 6 meters. This height provides good air circulation and temperature control, especially when not growing extremely tall plants.

[0053] Effects on shaft throw:

[0054] The height of the greenhouse, in combination with the vertical arrangement of the PV modules 30 (30 cm high), influences the shadow cast at different sun angles. At a sun angle of 45 degrees, a corresponding extension of the shadow results.

[0055] Example calculation for a sun angle of 45 degrees:

[0056] Greenhouse with a height of 4 meters:

[0057] * Total height: 4 meters (greenhouse) + 30 cm (PV modules) = 4.30 meters.

[0058] * Shadow length at a sun angle of 45°:

[0059] Shadow length = 4.30 m × tan 45° = 4.30 m

[0060] Greenhouse with a height of 6 meters:

[0061] • Total height: 6 meters (greenhouse) + 30 cm (PV modules) = 6.30 meters.

[0062] • Shadow length at a sun angle of 45°:

[0063] Shadow length = 6.30 m × tan 45° = 6.30 m

[0064] Conclusion regarding shadow length:

[0065] * At a height of 4.30 meters, the shadow length is approximately 4.30 meters.

[0066] At a height of 6.30 meters, the shadow length is approximately 6.30 meters. This information helps to precisely plan the light and shadow distribution in the greenhouse and to ensure that the number and positioning of the 30 PV modules are optimally suited to plant growth. It should also be taken into account that the angle of the sun changes throughout the day and varies depending on geographical location and season. In the morning and evening, the sun is lower in the sky, resulting in longer shadows, while it reaches its highest point at midday.

[0067] In regions like Germany, the sun's angle at midday in summer is approximately 60 to 70 degrees, while in winter it is only about 15 to 30 degrees. Near the equator, the sun's angle at midday can reach almost 90 degrees.

[0068] These changes must be taken into account in the planning of the PV modules 30 and the shading of the cultivation area 46 in order to ensure uniform lighting and optimal growing conditions.

[0069] Figure 2 shows an alternative embodiment in which the PV modules 30 are arranged transversely to the suspended films 22 and oriented at a 90-degree angle to direct sunlight. The schematic front view of the greenhouse shows the PV modules 30 mounted on it. The PV modules 30 are arranged in two parallel rows on rails 26 running along the roofline. Each row is 3 meters wide, and the PV modules 30 are evenly spaced, allowing for efficient use of the available space.

[0070] Below the roofline, the diagonally stretched films 22 are visible, weighted down by rollers 20. The uprights 12, together with the crossbeams 16, form the roof structure. Compared to Figure 1, this variant represents a simpler and more cost-effective embodiment. However, due to the transverse suspension of the films 22, it is not possible to adjust the height of the PV modules 30. Lateral connecting beams 18 provide additional stability for the PV modules 30. Due to their low height of 30 cm, the PV modules 30 are lightweight and offer only a small surface area for wind to act upon. Optionally, a cover film 32 can be stretched over the connecting beams 18. Alternatively, the film could also be stretched directly over the PV modules 30 and attached to their narrow side 42 facing upwards. This greenhouse construction is particularly suitable for temperate climates.However, it would be conceivable to integrate further options described in Figure 1 into this version as well.

[0071] Figure 3 shows a side view of the greenhouse, in which the PV modules 30 and their mounting system are shown in detail. The PV modules 30 are attached to single-arm brackets 34, which allow flexible movement along the rails 26.

[0072] The bracket 34 engages with the rail 26 via a wheel 40 with a wheel hub motor.

[0073] Wheel hub motors are used in the mounts 34 to efficiently move the PV modules 30. These motors offer a flat design and are space-saving because all necessary components are integrated.

[0074] Additionally, an electromechanical rotary mechanism 36 is attached to the bracket 34. This mechanism enables three-dimensional adjustment of the PV modules 30:

[0075] 1. Tilt angle (alpha): The PV modules 30 can be dynamically adjusted in their tilt angle to the position of the sun in order to ensure optimal solar radiation.

[0076] 2. Vertical adjustment (gamma): The PV modules 30 can be moved vertically, i.e., up and down. This is possible because the foil 22 stretched beneath the PV modules 30 allows sufficient freedom of movement.

[0077] 3. Horizontal adjustment (beta): The PV modules 30 can also be moved horizontally along the rail 26 to regulate the incidence of light. The PV modules 30 can thus be adjusted in height, rotated, and shifted to dynamically align with the sun's position. This creates optimal climatic conditions for the plants' needs.

[0078] As mentioned earlier, sensors (not shown in the drawing) are located in the soil 17 of the greenhouse unit 10 or in the immediate vicinity of the plants. These sensors detect not only soil moisture but also parameters such as light quantity, light intensity, and the angle of incidence of the light. These sensors are connected to a control unit that controls the rotation mechanism 36 and the drive 40 to move the PV modules 30 into the optimal position. This ensures precise control of solar radiation.

[0079] Shading is provided to offer the plants the best possible growing conditions.

[0080] Within greenhouse growing area 46, different sections with varying planting requirements can be set up. This allows for the alternating cultivation of different vegetable varieties, each requiring specific conditions regarding light, shading, and, if necessary, cooling. The option of stretching a film between the vertical supports 12 can be used as a room divider to create different climate zones within the greenhouse. This allows for the rotation of different vegetables and the activation of appropriate shading and cooling systems according to their specific needs.

[0081] The individual adjustability of each PV module 30 not only ensures adaptation to the specific requirements of the plants, but also enables maximum sunlight absorption when the PV modules 30 are directly oriented towards the sun. Increased shading simultaneously leads to higher power generation by the PV modules 30, which is advantageous for the overall system. Optimization of power production and protection of the PV modules 30 can be further achieved by the aforementioned cover film 32, which is stretched over the modules either using ropes 37 or, alternatively, rails. This creates an enclosed space that also allows for cooling of the PV modules 30. Since the temperature of the PV modules 30 is negatively correlated with their power generation, their efficiency can be further increased through the cooling effect. A lower operating temperature of the PV modules 30 results in a higher power yield.

[0082] The individual control of the 30 PV modules allows for flexible adaptation to the requirements of the individual sections within the growing area 46. Each 30 PV module can be completely moved aside if needed, for example, when the light output is too low and full sunlight exposure is desired. Thanks to the modules' vertical and narrow design, they can be closely spaced laterally, ensuring they do not obstruct the light. This compact retractability enables efficient use of the 30 PV modules while simultaneously guaranteeing maximum sunlight exposure for the plants when the modules are not in use.

[0083] The invention is based on the following considerations:

[0084] Plant cultivation in modern greenhouses must be adapted to the climatic challenges of the future. In arid regions and Mediterranean climates, vegetable cultivation and the operation of greenhouses are becoming increasingly difficult. High temperatures and strong solar radiation, reaching up to 1000 W / m² during the day, pose significant challenges. 2 Achieving these goals requires precise control of light and temperature conditions. Even in temperate zones with distinct seasons, rising temperatures and longer periods of sunshine lead to more challenging growing conditions. The necessary cooling is energy-intensive, resource-intensive, and, using conventional methods, counterproductive in terms of reducing greenhouse gases. Therefore, not only is cooling required, but also effective shading to protect the plants from excessive sunlight.

[0085] For plants like lettuce, tomatoes, and cucumbers, finding the right balance between light and temperature is crucial under these conditions. Too much heat and direct sunlight lead to reduced yields and slowed growth, making the efficient use of shading systems and PV modules for cooling and light regulation essential in all climate zones. Example temperature requirements for plant growth:

[0086] Vegetables have specific temperature requirements for optimal growth:

[0087] * Lettuce thrives best at daytime temperatures between 15 and 20 °C and nighttime temperatures between 10 and 15 °C. Higher temperatures can promote bolting.

[0088] Tomatoes prefer warmer conditions with daytime temperatures of 21 to 27 °C and nighttime temperatures of 15 to 18 °C. Extreme temperatures above 30 °C can impair fruit development.

[0089] Cucumbers require daytime temperatures between 24 and 30 °C and nighttime temperatures of 18 to 21 °C. They are particularly sensitive to temperatures below 1 °C. Source: "Vegetable farming," Wikipedia, accessed on October 12, 2024.

[0090] Optimal light is also important for plants.

[0091] The following table shows the light requirements of plants in greenhouses, measured as Daily Light Integral (DLI) in mol / m². 2 / Day:

[0092]

[0093] Source: The information on light requirements is based on various studies and information on Daily Light Integral (DLI) and the specific requirements of the respective plants, as noted in the entries on vegetable and plant varieties in Wikipedia (as of:

[0094] October 2024).

[0095] The present invention provides a greenhouse that can be flexibly adapted to different climatic conditions and used in various climate zones. The PV modules 30 perform a dual function: they provide shading and generate energy that is primarily used for cooling.

[0096] • The PV modules 30 are mounted on movable brackets 34, which can be moved along rails 26. This allows for dynamic and individual adjustment of light transmission and shading as needed. The flexible arrangement of the PV modules 30 parallel to the roof membrane 22 ensures optimal control of light conditions and efficient use of space in the greenhouse.

[0097] • A key feature of the invention is the individual controllability of the PV modules 30. Soil sensors measure important parameters such as soil moisture, temperature and light intensity and enable automatic adjustment of the module positions to ensure optimal growth conditions.

[0098] • A special film with silver nanoparticles prevents the zebra effect and ensures even light distribution, guaranteeing better plant illumination. An additional protective film shields the modules from weather conditions such as wind and dirt, increasing their efficiency and lifespan.

[0099] This innovative combination of flexible photovoltaic technology, intelligent control, and a protection system enables efficient climate control and energy generation, especially in regions with extreme climatic conditions. Reference list:

[0100] 10 greenhouse units

[0101] 12 stands

[0102] 14 Foundation

[0103] 15 shelf supports

[0104] 16 crossbeams

[0105] 17 Floor

[0106] 18 connecting beams

[0107] 20 Weight element / tube

[0108] 21 wall element

[0109] 22 foil strips

[0110] 24 Tilting mechanism

[0111] 26 rails

[0112] 28 Suspension line

[0113] 30 PV modules

[0114] 31 larger PV module

[0115] 32 Cover film

[0116] 34 Single-arm bracket

[0117] 36 Electromechanical rotary mechanism

[0118] 37 rope

[0119] 38 Housings for electric motors

[0120] 40 drive wheel

[0121] 42 “narrow side facing the sky”

[0122] 44 wheel

[0123] 46 Cultural area

[0124] 5597

Claims

Patent claims 1. Greenhouse unit (10), comprising PV modules (30) for shading and electricity generation, a supporting structure made of uprights (12) connected by base supports (15) and lattice girders (16), wherein the supporting structure together with a suspended foil roof (22) arranged completely below the lattice girders (16) and lateral wall elements (21) form a growing space (46), characterized in that the PV modules (30) are attached or mounted on the supporting structure (16) above the foil roof independently of the supporting structure.

2. Greenhouse unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the PV modules (30) are rotatably mounted in the lattice girders (16) and are fastened via laterally attached pins, which are arranged either in the middle or at the lower end of the PV modules (30) and are received in corresponding bearing bushings or holders within the lattice girders (16) for tilting and rotating the modules.

3. Greenhouse unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the PV modules (30) are rotatable into a fully horizontal position, adjoin each other in this position and are provided with hooks for stable fixation in the horizontal position. 4, greenhouse unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the PV modules (30) are individually adjustable along a rail (26) attached to the support structure (16) by means of a cable system with coupling mechanism, the coupling mechanism being designed as a latch coupling, clamp coupling or spring-loaded locking mechanism for positioning each module on the rails (26).

5. Greenhouse unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the PV modules (30) have laterally arranged single-arm brackets (34) on which a drive wheel (40) with integrated hub motor is attached, which engages in the rails (26) attached to the support structure (16) and makes the brackets (34) movable in a horizontal beta direction. 6, greenhouse unit according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the single-arm supports (34) are arranged laterally on the PV modules (30) and are equipped with rotatable bearings (36) for adjusting the PV modules (30) about a vertical alpha direction and for height adjustment in the gamma direction.

7. Greenhouse unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foil roof (22) can be opened for ventilation of the growing space (46) and is provided with a light-diffusing coating containing silver nanoparticles, thereby converting the incident light into diffuse light and thus ensuring uniform illumination of the growing space (46), 8. Greenhouse unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that sensors in the soil (17) or in the immediate vicinity of the plants measure parameters such as soil moisture, temperature and light intensity and are fed back to the control of the PV modules (30). 9, greenhouse unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the PV modules (30) are protected from environmental influences such as wind, dirt, sand and snow by a cover film (32) which runs over ropes (37), thereby also creating an enclosed area which allows cooling of the PV modules (30).

10. Greenhouse unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the PV modules (30) are designed in a vertical orientation for light absorption from both sides, are manufactured in a light-reflecting white version and are stackable parallel to each other in a horizontal direction.

11. Greenhouse unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the PV modules (30) are either partially transparent by means of a completely semi-transparent structure with a photochromic layer that darkens when exposed to UV light and lightens again when UV light decreases, or by means of an alternating arrangement of PV elements and transparent areas within the modules.

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