Two-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engine and power system thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to an alternative two-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engine and power system thereof which eliminates the intake and compression phases of four-stroke Otto engines, and injects the fuel and the oxidising agent at high pressure directly into the combustion chamber or a prechamber at approximately the moment when the piston is at the top dead centre (TDC), using oxygen and / or air as the oxidising agent and hydrogen-based fuels, synthetic fuels, biofuels, alcohols, natural gas and mixtures thereof. At the same time, a spark is applied or combustion is produced by self-ignition, and expansion occurs until the piston reaches the bottom dead centre (BDC). The piston then starts to rise, the mechanically or electrically actuated exhaust valve opens and exhaust is discharged until the TDC is reached again, thereby repeating the cycle.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] TWO-STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION RECIPROCATING ENGINE AND ITS FUEL SYSTEM - TECHNICAL SECTOR

[0003] In internal combustion engines (including diesel) and their fuel systems. Preferably used in road vehicles.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] Modern fuels use atmospheric air as an oxidizer, which contains eighty percent gases that hinder combustion and produce polluting, toxic, and carcinogenic products. Fuels themselves are also pollutants.

[0006] Objective of the invention

[0007] A simple, economical, and highly effective system is used (especially when using O2 and H2 cylinders or refills), employing air, particularly O2, gas, or liquid as the oxidizer, and hydrocarbons and biofuels (especially alcohols) as fuel, in addition to hydrogen, using cylinders or tanks and injecting them at high pressure. This avoids or reduces toxic and polluting gases. The air can be applied fully or partially mixed with oxygen.

[0008] Apply gaseous or liquid oxygen (O2), obtained as a byproduct of water electrolyzers or by air liquefaction, to produce hydrogen or nitrogen, and inject the hydrogen as fuel. Less polluting fuels, including natural gas, synthetic fuels, biofuels (especially alcohols), and their mixtures, can also be used, stored in cylinders or tanks. The cylinders can be exchanged or refilled using hoses, thus avoiding or reducing toxic and polluting gases.

[0009] If hydrogen is used, alcohol, sprayed water, or steam can be added and injected to reduce the temperature during combustion. This may also be necessary with other fuels since combustion occurs on every revolution.

[0010] The temperature can also be reduced by cutting off the fuel (and the spark) during some cycles. In that case, only water or air is used to prevent a vacuum from forming.

[0011] Improving combustion in high-altitude or highly polluted areas. Reducing or eliminating polluting gases, thus improving public health and mitigating global warming. In Mexico, approximately 20,500 deaths per year are caused by air pollution, not including other related illnesses. It is estimated that the total number of deaths could reach 38,000.

[0012] I. Use renewable energy to obtain, compress, and store O2 in a tank or cylinder for use. Also to compress and store air.

[0013] Advantages compared to current 2-stroke engines:

[0014] It does not release unburned hydrocarbons, nor CO or NOx, which are highly polluting.

[0015] Its combustion is more efficient.

[0016] Its noise level is lower. With multiple cylinders, it's more practical.

[0017] Lubrication is more efficient and there is less wear.

[0018] You do not need to mix lubricating oil with the fuel.

[0019] It's more efficient. It uses less fuel and burns better.

[0020] Regarding the two-stroke and four-stroke engines

[0021] It does not perform intermittent compression and its problems.

[0022] It does not need a spark plug or ignition system

[0023] It is simpler, lighter, smaller in volume, has higher performance and greater power.

[0024] Very useful in small vehicles.

[0025] There is no overlap in the intake and exhaust timings and their pollution.

[0026] Using H2 and O2 only produces water vapor.

[0027] Applying alcohol, air, water, and water vapor reduces temperatures in the chambers when using hydrogen. If the spark is not used, the water is introduced shortly after combustion begins.

[0028] By eliminating fuel and / or oxidizer injection and applying only water in some cycles, the very high temperatures produced in the chambers are reduced.

[0029] External cylinder cooling can be typical, using water or air. Advantages compared to four-stroke engines.

[0030] It does not need a camshaft rotating at half the rpm of the crankshaft.

[0031] This system can be adapted to current engines.

[0032] It allows for improved oxygen supply, significantly increasing power and producing substantial savings.

[0033] It is economical, very useful, easy to implement, allows the use of renewable energy, is very ecological and environmentally friendly. It allows the use of smaller or lower displacement engines and reduces fuel consumption in current engines. Therefore, much less CO2 is produced.

[0034] It produces less friction and is useful for airplanes and drones.

[0035] It eliminates or reduces some of the exhaust gases from engines, of which the most harmful or toxic are CO2 (carbon monoxide), CO2 (carbon dioxide), nitrogen oxides (NOx), aldehydes, sulfur dioxide, soot and unburned hydrocarbons, the latter in addition to being toxic are carcinogenic and are mostly produced by poor combustion or lack of oxygen and by excess nitrogen.

[0036] It allows for variable use of O2 and fuel in current engines, until the appropriate engine dimensions and proportions are achieved.

[0037] Oxygen-hydrocarbon, oxygen-alcohol, or oxygen-hydrogen combustion is achieved; the latter produces no polluting waste or CO2, making it very useful in cities.

[0038] High temperatures in the engine's combustion chamber are avoided, reducing the amount of cooling and preventing the losses associated with it.

[0039] It provides a great environmental benefit and prevents climate change.

[0040] It allows the use of air in case the O2 has run out.

[0041] It allows the recovery of the combustion engine and hydrocarbons once transformed, as it has fewer drawbacks than electric vehicle batteries and the vehicles are more economical, lighter and safer.

[0042] It uses only one valve, the exhaust valve, either a rotary valve or a linear valve actuated by the crankshaft or a solenoid valve. It can also use a rocker arm-operated valve that opens and closes using permanent magnets. It does not use a camshaft; instead, it uses a cam actuated by the crankshaft. The valve must remain open or closed for half a cycle, unlike four-stroke engines.

[0043] Even using air and hydrogen, the advantages are numerous.

[0044] Unlike diesel engines, it uses high pressures, even higher, and without their complications, loss of power, vibrations, noise, oil consumption, etc.

[0045] This engine is unrivaled by any alternative engine, including diesel and Wankie rotary engines, in simplicity, economy, power, low power-to-weight ratio, thermodynamic efficiency, smaller size, fewer parts, minimal oil loss, reliability, and less vibration, especially when using a rotary valve or electrovalve. It is quieter, requires little maintenance, is easy to manufacture, and protects the environment by not producing polluting gases, particularly CO and NOx, when using H2 and O2. While the electric motor is simpler, the motor-battery assembly is more problematic and expensive.

[0046] EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

[0047] Problem to be solved.

[0048] In internal combustion engines, incomplete and polluting combustion occurs due to the poor ratio of oxidizers, a consequence of undesirable elements present with oxygen when air is used, and the high temperature generated in the combustion chamber. This is particularly harmful in cities. Modern engines require four strokes, which involve operating one or more intake and exhaust valves, compressing the oxidizer, and optionally the fuel, thus reducing power output.

[0049] The two-stroke internal combustion reciprocating engine and its fuel system eliminates the intake and compression phases of four-stroke Otto engines (invented by Nikolaus Otto in 1876). It injects fuel and oxidizer at high pressure directly into the combustion chamber or a pre-chamber, approximately when the piston is at TDC (top dead center, minimum volume) (the reference point can be the closing of the exhaust valve, the only one used). Using air and / or oxygen and hydrogen-based fuels, synthetic fuels, biofuels, alcohols, natural gas, and their mixtures as oxidizers, the spark is applied simultaneously (this is optional and not necessary at high pressures due to auto-ignition), producing combustion and expansion until the piston reaches BDC (bottom dead center), where the piston's upward movement begins.the opening of the mechanically or electrically actuated exhaust valve and the exhaust until reaching TDC again and repeating the cycle, which comprises:

[0050] - Means of loading and transporting O2 or air, using bottles, canisters, interchangeable tanks, or using the hollow structure or chassis in vehicles for its storage;

[0051] - Some nanomolecular filters of membranes or hollow fiber separators of the Q2 from the air, performing the separation by means of the aspiration or suction of the combustion engine or the suction or propulsion of a compressor pump driven by an electric motor or mechanically by the combustion engine itself;

[0052] - An air compressor, for its direct supply as an oxidizer;

[0053] - Means for reducing the combustion temperature by applying sprayed alcohol, air, sprayed water or steam; - Means for loading the fuel: Hydrogen, synthetic fuel, hydrocarbon, alcohol or mixtures thereof;

[0054] - A means of reducing combustion temperature by eliminating one or more cycles of explosions or injections sequentially, by means of a microprocessor or the ECU (engine control unit);

[0055] - Means of controlling the fuel / O2 mixture ratio by means of a microprocessor or the ECU, engine control unit;

[0056] - Means of controlling the air / O2 mixture ratio by means of a microprocessor or the ECU, engine control unit, (Can use only air)

[0057] ■ Variable fuel control means: Hydrogen, synthetic fuel, hydrocarbon, alcohol or mixtures thereof,

[0058] - Means for controlling the pressures of fuels and oxidizers and - Means for transporting fuel and oxidizer bottles.

[0059] The simultaneous use of oxygen cylinders and oxygen obtained by separating or filtering air, or by liquefying it and fractionally distilling it to separate nitrogen and oxygen, is very useful. Other gases are involved, but in small quantities and generally noble gases. In both cases, oxygen is a byproduct, not currently utilized, and therefore very low cost and very abundant.

[0060] The exhaust valve is actuated by a cam that rotates at the same speed as the crankshaft. In four-stroke engines, the camshaft rotates at half the rpm of the crankshaft.

[0061] Pressure regulating valves or pressure reducers control the pressure of the fuel and oxidizers.

[0062] Optionally, particulate filters are applied to the exhaust gas outlet. This is only necessary if certain fuels or air are used as the oxidizer.

[0063] The O2 / N2 ratio can be controlled, or the amount of N2 can be completely eliminated. The latter requires the use of new engines or special engines, as the combustion is excessively powerful. In current engines, the fuel flow can also be regulated or reduced to avoid engine damage. New engines must be tuned or adapted for a fixed oxygen-fuel ratio, depending on the engine size or the power they can handle. To reduce high temperatures, especially when using hydrogen, alcohol, air, sprayed water, or steam are added. High-temperature resistant materials must also be used.

[0064] Pressure regulating or reducing valves control the pressure and amount of water, alcohol or water vapor that is applied, also controlled by the ECU.

[0065] In cases where rapid flow is desired with multi-layer filters, it is necessary to use booster or suction pumps to apply a small differential pressure. Large chambers with large filters can also be used to collect or store the oxygen. The efficiency and benefit of this system are so high that it is even useful when mains power is used for the separation between O2 and N2. The filter orifices are 0.35 nm in diameter.

[0066] In the liquefaction or filtration of oxygen from air, it is accompanied by helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, and water vapor, all of which have a smaller kinetic diameter and are present in small quantities except for argon, which makes up 0.9% of the air, but being a noble gas, it does not affect the process. Very economical industrial oxygen is obtained.

[0067] The kinetic diameter of the O2 molecule is smaller than that of N2. Even though oxygen has a higher atomic number (8) and atomic weight (15.9994u) than nitrogen (7) and (14007u) respectively.

[0068] The simplest method would be to apply a nanomolecular filter in parallel or in series with the air intake. This would partially increase oxygen levels, but it might be sufficient until better results are obtained with the filters.

[0069] Preferably, hollow fiber membranes and nanotube arrays can be used; in the latter two cases, the duct orifice should be 3.5 A. It is important that the applied pressure is low or that the suction is sufficient.

[0070] The membranes are approximately 0.5 to 10,000 nm thick and consist of one or more layers of atoms with multiple pores or perforations. They can be produced by electrolytic deposition, where an electric current deposits the metal; by chemical deposition, where a chemical reaction reduces and deposits the metal; or by vacuum metallization. The pores can be created using continuous-wave lasers or ultrashort-flash lasers.

[0071] Oxygen can be applied in four ways:

[0072] a) Using exclusively bottles with high-pressure industrial oxygen or liquid oxygen. (The surplus from the separation of O2 and H2 from water in electrolyzers or in air liquefaction can be used).

[0073] b) Using the O2 obtained through nanomolecular filters plus the pressure of a compressor and

[0074] c) Using O2 bottles supplemented with filtration using nanomolecular filters. d) In current engines, O2 can be mixed with a proportion of the air used, which acts as a diluent and temperature reducer.

[0075] The bottles can be refilled with oxygen and hydrogen obtained from renewable energy sources, which are currently difficult to store. This would be a very useful and economical way to store renewable energy.

[0076] Using alcohol as fuel only produces CO2 and water vapor. With H2, only water vapor is produced as a waste product.

[0077] In some cases, when renewable energy is not used, it can be somewhat more expensive; however, even in that worst-case scenario, it is highly beneficial both for the increased engine power and for its positive impact on health, the environment, and climate change. Therefore, its use could eventually become mandatory.

[0078] In one variant, the fuel and / or oxidizer are injected compressed by external compressors.

[0079] In land vehicles (cars, trains, etc.), it allows for the filling or replacement of oxygen bottles or refilling at stops. Filtration is preferable on ships.

[0080] Gasoline combines with oxygen in an approximate ratio of 1 / 3 by weight, kerosene in 1 / 2.5, and ethanol in 1 / 2.

[0081] Example: A car that consumes 6 liters per 100 km (5 kg of gasoline) would need to carry 15 kg of gaseous oxygen at 200-300 bar, plus the containers. The increased weight isn't a problem. Neither is the cost, since industrial oxygen is inexpensive. For a 500 km trip, that same car would need 75 kg of oxygen. But it's not necessary to carry that amount in bottles, since oxygen can be generated during the journey by filtering the air. If bottles were used, the engine would also weigh less.

[0082] In airplanes, using compressed oxygen eliminates the need to compress the air, allowing for high altitudes and speeds, resulting in very low drag and minimal fuel and oxygen consumption. It would take off vertically using electric motors and fans, and in the stratosphere, it would use stratospheric jet engines. Oxygen can be produced during the flight, reducing the need to carry numerous oxygen cylinders.

[0083] Operation: When the combustion chamber reaches approximately its minimum volume (piston at top dead center, TDC), fuel and oxidizer are injected (and optionally, a spark is applied). This produces an explosion and expansion, and as the piston reaches bottom dead center and rises, the combustion gases are expelled. Optionally, in a subsequent cycle or cycles, as the chamber volume decreases, no fuel or oxidizer is injected, and no spark is applied; only water is injected, resulting in no energy production or heating.

[0084] This continues until a new cycle begins, in which, upon reaching a new minimum volume, fuel and oxidizer are injected again, and the spark is applied. The number of cycles without combustion can be increased to produce greater and simpler cooling. Water must be added to prevent a vacuum from forming in the chamber.

[0085] A very simple system can use an air compressor in addition to the fuel compressor, and inject both into the combustion chamber.

[0086] Six operating modes can be used with regard to the oxidizer that must be injected:

[0087] a) Bottled air

[0088] b) AIR, compressed with a compressor.

[0089] o) AIR + O2 from bottles or stored.

[0090] d) Filtered and compressed AIR + O2.

[0091] e) O2 from bottles or stored. (When used with H2, it only produces water vapor).

[0092] f) O2 filtered and compressed, (When used with H2 it only produces water vapor).

[0093] The system allows for the partial addition of O2 or the use of air when O2 cannot be used.

[0094] Modes c) and d) allow the use of air as an oxidizer only in emergencies and in case of exhaustion or inability to obtain O2.

[0095] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0096] Figure 1 shows a block diagram of one operating mode for a two-stroke engine of the invention. It is very simple and has few automated components.

[0097] Figure 1a shows a block diagram of one way of operating a two-stroke engine controlled by the ECU, engine control unit.

[0098] Figure 1b shows a block diagram of one way of operating a two-stroke engine controlled by the ECU and adding an O2 generator.

[0099] Figure 1c shows a schematic and partially sectioned view of one way to actuate the exhaust valve of a two-stroke engine.

[0100] Figure 2 shows a block diagram of one operating mode for an engine using air, oxygen, or hydrogen as fuel and water or alcohol as a coolant. Figure 3 shows a block diagram of another possible application of an oxygen system in the engine. Figure 4 shows a schematic, perspective, and partially sectioned view of a hollow fiber membrane module for air filtration.

[0101] Figures 5 to 9 show schematic plan and partially sectioned views of can vehicles variants of the system of the invention.

[0102] Figures 10 to 13 show schematic variant views of the operating modes of the motors depending on the applied feeds.

[0103] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0104] Figure 1 shows a pressurized gas or fuel cylinder (15) and an oxygen cylinder (36) that supply the injectors (3 and 2), respectively, at high pressure. The pressure is regulated by the regulating or reducing valves (8), and fuel and oxygen are injected into the combustion chamber (6) of the cylinder (22c) at approximately top dead center (TDC) when the linearly actuated exhaust valve (5) closes, causing the explosion by auto-ignition of the applied high pressures. It is very simple and does not require control devices. It only uses one valve, the exhaust valve.

[0105] The figure shows a pressurized gas or fuel bottle (15) and an oxygen bottle (36) that supply the injectors (3 and 2), respectively, at high pressure. Regulated by the regulating or reducing valves (8), they inject fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber (6) of the cylinder (22c) at approximately top dead center (TDC) when the rotary exhaust valve (5r) closes, and optionally, the spark plug (4) ignites the fuel. Both regulating valves and / or the injectors are controlled by the microprocessor or the ECU (engine control unit). Only the exhaust valve is used.

[0106] Figure 1b shows a fuel tank (44) which is pumped by the pump (48) and its pressure is regulated by the regulating valve (23). Oxygen is obtained by the air compressor (27) which forces it through the pre-filter or solid particle filter (6p) and the oxygen separator filter (17a). The pressure of the oxygen is increased by the compressor (48c) and, together with the oxygen stored in the bottle or tank (34), they combine and feed the injectors (2 for oxygen and 3 for fuel) at high pressure. This pressure is regulated by the regulating or reducing valves (8) and a microprocessor or ECU, injecting the fuel into the combustion chamber (6) of the cylinder (22c) at approximately TDC when the exhaust valve (5) closes. Fuel and oxygen are injected simultaneously. Spark ignition (4) is optional. Only one valve is used: the exhaust valve.

[0107] Figure 1c shows the engine (22c) with its exhaust valve closed, actuated by the rocker arm (5a) rotating on its axis. The rocker arm alternates its positions with the valve via magnets (5m) attracted by the piston at top and bottom dead center. The rocker arm is held in each position for half a cycle by the spring (5s), which acts as an overcenter support.

[0108] Figure 1d shows the engine (22c) with its exhaust valve open. This valve is actuated by the rocker arm (5a), which rotates on its axis. The lower magnet (5m) of the rocker arm is attracted to the piston at bottom dead center, initiating the exhaust of the gases. The rocker arm is held in each position for half a cycle by the spring (5s), which acts as an overcenter spring.

[0109] In the other cases the valve is always actuated by cams that rotate at the speed of the crankshaft.

[0110] Figure 2 shows a hydrogen gas cylinder (12) and oxygen cylinders (36) that supply the injectors (3 and 2) respectively at high pressure, their pressures regulated by the regulating or reducing valves (8). The gas is injected into the combustion chamber (6) of the cylinder (22c) at approximately TDC when the exhaust valve (5) closes, and optionally, the spark plug (4) ignites it. A pressurized air cylinder (7) supplies the injector (9), controlled by the pressure regulating valve (8). Water or alcohol can also be added for cooling from the tank (10), delivered by the pump (11) to the injector (13) and controlled by the regulating valve (23w). All regulating valves and injectors are controlled by a microprocessor or the ECU. Only the exhaust valve is used.

[0111] Figure 3 shows the application of oxygen to an engine (22). Pressure regulating valves (8) (reducing or limiting valves) control the pressure of the O2 obtained by filtering the air with the compressor (27), the pre-filter or solid particle filter (6p), and the nano-molecular filter (17a), and the O2 coming from the storage tank (34). Another regulating valve (8) regulates the oxygen supplied by several oxygen cylinders (36), and all of this is applied to the engine (22) controlled by the microprocessor or ECU. The fuel, air, and water installations are not shown in this figure.

[0112] Figure 4 shows a hollow fiber filter module (30) (45) that receives air (14) at one end and separates O2, CO2, and H2O along the sides. N2 exits at the other end and is discarded.

[0113] Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the invention on the engine (22) of the vehicle (31). Oxygen is supplied from the bottle (36) through the conduit (35) from one or more bottles located in the side or rear areas and is charged via the coupling (49). Air is forced by the compressor (27), driven by the engine, through the pre-filter or solid particle filter (6p), and then through the nanomolecular filter (17) with multiple membranes or multi-pore sheets (37) with a large surface area, and the valve (26) supplying oxygen to the engine. To facilitate intake and the amount of filtration by both filters, and to allow for a large surface area, they can be located in the middle or rear areas of the vehicle, thus providing more space. A hydrogen or gas bottle (12, 5) as fuel and its coupling (49c) are shown. The installation of air, alcohol, or water is not shown.

[0114] Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the invention on the engine (22) of the vehicle (31). Oxygen is supplied from the bottle (36) through the conduit (35) from one or more bottles located in the side or rear areas and is loaded via the coupling (49). Air is propelled by the compressor (27) driven by the electric motor (28), through the pre-filter or solid particle filter (6p), and then through the nanomolecular filter (17) with multiple membranes or multi-pore sheets (37) of high surface area, and the valve (26) supplying oxygen to the engine. To facilitate intake and the filtration capacity of both filters, and to allow for a large surface area, they can be located in the middle or rear areas of the vehicle, where more space is available. A hydrogen or gas bottle (12, 15) as fuel and its coupling (49c) are shown. The installation of air, alcohol, or water is not shown.

[0115] Figure 7 shows an embodiment of the invention on the engine (22) of the vehicle (31). Oxygen is supplied from the bottle (36) through the conduit (35) from one or more bottles located in the side or rear areas and is charged by means of the coupling (49). Air is forced (by a compressor not shown) through the pre-filter or solid particle filter (6p), and then through the nanomolecular filter (17) with multiple membranes to large-area multi-pore sheets (37) and the valve (26) supplying oxygen to the engine. To facilitate intake and the amount of filtration by both filters, and to allow for a large surface area, they can be located in the middle or rear areas of the vehicle, where more space is available. A hydrogen or gas bottle (12, 15) as fuel and its coupling (49c) are shown. The installation of air, alcohol, or water is not shown.Figure 8 shows an embodiment of the invention on the engine (22) of the vehicle (31). Oxygen is supplied from the bottle (36) through the conduit (35) from one or more bottles located in the side or rear areas and is charged by means of the coupling (49). Air is forced by the compressor (27) driven by the electric motor (28), through the pre-filter or solid particle filter (6p), and then through the hollow fiber nanomolecular filter (30) and the valve (26) that supplies oxygen to the engine. To facilitate intake and the filtration capacity of both filters, and to provide a large surface area, they can be located in the more spacious middle or rear areas of the vehicle. A hydrogen or gas bottle (12, 15) for fuel and its coupling (49c) are shown. The air, alcohol, or water supply system is not shown.

[0116] Figure 9 shows an embodiment of the invention on the engine (22) of the vehicle (31). Oxygen is supplied from the bottle (36) through the conduit (35) from one or more bottles located in the side or rear areas and is loaded via the coupling (49). Air is forced by the compressor (27), driven by the electric motor (28), through the pre-filter or solid particle filter (6p), and then through the hollow fiber nanomolecular filter (30). The O2 is mixed with air entering through (32), which must be pressurized and mixed by the valve (33) and subsequently regulated by the oxygen-air supply valve (26) to the engine. To facilitate intake and the filtration capacity of both filters, and to allow for a large surface area, they can be located in the middle or rear areas of the vehicle, where more space is available. A hydrogen or gas bottle (12, 15) as fuel and its coupling (49c) are shown.The installation of air, alcohol, or water is not shown. Linear and rotary valves as shown in Figures 1 and 1a are applicable to all figures, including electromagnetically actuated valves, which are not shown.

[0117] Figure 10 shows the combustion of oxygen and hydrogen which, when a spark is applied, produces water (steam).

[0118] Figure 11 shows the combustion of oxygen and natural gas (15) which, when a spark is applied, produces CO2, N2 and H2O.

[0119] Figure 12 shows the combustion of oxygen and alcohol, which, when a spark is applied, produces CO2 and H2O.

[0120] Figure 13 shows the combustion of air and synthetic fuels, which, when a spark is applied, produces CO2, N2, and H2O in the best-case scenario, and CO, N2, and NO2 in the worst. In Figures 5 through 9, the bottles can be placed where the fuel tank is located. Both oxidizers and fuels can be stored under pressure within the vehicle's structural or chassis components.

[0121] When very high pressure is used, a spark is not necessary because self-ignition occurs every time the fuel and oxidizer are injected.

[0122] Electric or mechanical linear, rotary or magnetically actuated exhaust valves can be used interchangeably in engines of all the figures mentioned above.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A two-stroke internal combustion reciprocating engine and its fuel system eliminates the intake and compression phases of four-stroke Otto engines. It injects fuel and oxidizer at high pressure directly into the combustion chamber or a pre-chamber, approximately when the piston is at top dead center (TDC), using air and / or oxygen and hydrogen-based fuels, synthetic fuels, biofuels, alcohols, natural gas, and mixtures thereof as oxidizers. Simultaneously, a spark is applied or auto-combustion occurs, resulting in combustion and expansion until the piston reaches bottom dead center (BDC), where the piston begins its upward movement, the mechanically or electrically actuated exhaust valve opens, and the exhaust flows until the piston reaches TDC again, repeating the cycle, which comprises: - Means of loading and transporting O2 or air, using bottles, canisters, interchangeable tanks, or using the hollow structure or chassis in vehicles for its storage, - Nanomolecular filters of membranes or hollow fiber separating O2 from the air, performing the separation by means of the aspiration or suction of the combustion engine or the suction or propulsion of a pump or compressor driven by an electric motor or mechanically by the combustion engine itself; - An air compressor, for its direct supply as an oxidizer; - Means of reducing the combustion temperature by applying sprayed alcohol, air, sprayed water or water vapor; - Fuel loading media: Hydrogen, synthetic fuel, hydrocarbon, alcohol or mixtures thereof: - A means of reducing combustion temperature by eliminating one or more cycles of explosions or injections sequentially, by means of a microprocessor or the ECU (engine control unit); - Means of controlling the fuel / O2 mixture ratio by means of a microprocessor or the ECU, engine control unit; - Means of controlling the air-O2 mixture ratio by means of a microprocessor or the ECU, engine control unit; - Variable fuel control means: Hydrogen, synthetic fuel, hydrocarbon, alcohol or mixtures thereof, - Means of controlling fuel and oxidizer pressures and - Means of transporting the fuel and oxidizer bottles, this is usually done in a trailer.

2. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxygen bottles or tanks provide total or partial supply of the engine's oxidizer.

3. Motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the nanomolecular filters are made of hollow fiber, separate O2 and eliminate nitrogen, whose walls have pores of 3.5 Å.

4. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that a compressor (27) propels air through a suspended particle filter (6p) to a hollow fiber filter (30) which separates the oxygen and through ducts (35) is joined to a storage chamber (34) and at the same time is supplied to the engine intake system (22) through a regulating and passage valve (26) controlled by a microprocessor or the ECU.

5. Motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the air is passed through the nanomolecular filters with compressors driven by the motor or with electric motors and the oxygen flow obtained is controlled by a mixing or regulating valve.

6. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel is applied by means of hydrogen bottles or a fuel tank (44) driven by a pump (48) and the flow is regulated by a microprocessor, the ECU and a regulating valve (23).

7. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the applied or obtained oxygen is mixed with engine air by means of a mixing or regulating valve.

8. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that regulating valves control the air / O2 mixture in fixed or variable proportions by means of a microprocessor or the ECU.

9. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the engine receives oxygen from oxygen bottles controlled by a regulating valve (8) and the ECU or a microprocessor.

10. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ECU or the microprocessor receives operating signals from the engine and, depending on the speed and type of exhaust gases, reduces or increases the fuel and the oxidizer, oxygen or air.

11. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses as fuel: hydrogen, synthetic fuels, biofuels, alcohols, and mixtures thereof, 12. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel and oxidizer are injected compressed by means of external compressors 13. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust valve is electrically actuated by an electromagnet 14. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust valve is mechanically actuated by a rocker arm or cam that is actuated at the same rpm as the crankshaft.

15. Engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust valve (5) is actuated by a rocker arm acting on its axis of rotation (5a) which alternates its positions and that of the valve by means of two permanent magnets (5m) which are attracted by the piston as it passes through the top and bottom dead centers, the rocker arm is held in each position during half a cycle aided by the spring (5s), which acts by overcenter.

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