Data transmission method, apparatus and system

Abstract

Disclosed in the embodiments of the present application are a data transmission method, apparatus and system. Specifically, a data frame transmitted by a transmitter comprises NSF subframes in one polarization direction, NSF being an integer greater than 1, wherein each of the NSF subframes comprises a training symbol and a pilot symbol, and at least two of the NSF subframes each comprise a reserved symbol. In this way, reserved symbols are distributed in a relatively dispersed manner in any polarization direction of a data frame; thus, regardless of what function the reserved symbols are used to implement, the reserved symbols have relatively high resistance to burst errors and relatively good transmission reliability, and can be well applied to various future coherent transmission scenarios.

Description

A data transmission method, apparatus and system

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411540751.2, filed on October 29, 2024, entitled "A Data Transmission Method, Apparatus and System", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a data transmission method, apparatus and system. Background Technology

[0003] Driven by 5G, cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence, high-speed optical transmission networks are developing towards higher capacity, packetization, and intelligence. Coherent optical communication systems utilize the amplitude, phase, polarization, or frequency of light waves to carry information. To combat optical signal distortion caused by dispersion, polarization-related impairments, noise, nonlinear effects, and other factors during transmission and to maintain long-distance transmission, coherent optical communication systems typically perform digital signal processing (DSP) framing on the sequence of symbols to be transmitted before transmission. This involves adding some pre-designed symbol sequences to make it easier for the receiver to recover the transmitted symbols. For example, in existing 400ZR and 800ZR scenarios, framing processing specifically inserts a Frame Alignment Word Sequence (FAW Sequence), a Training Symbol Sequence, a Reserved Symbol Sequence, and a Pilot Symbol Sequence into each of the 172,032 dual-polarization symbols to be transmitted in the X-polarization and Y-polarization directions, respectively. This results in a framed dual-polarization symbol sequence for transmission. The framed dual-polarization symbol sequence is also called a data frame. Typically, a data frame contains multiple subframes; data frames are also called superframes or multiframes.

[0004] As transmission rates increase, the corresponding baud rate also increases while maintaining the same modulation format. For example, the baud rate of a 1600ZR scenario is approximately twice that of an 800ZR scenario. At this point, transmitter impairment has a more significant impact on overall transmission performance. Since transmitter impairment can be detected at the receiver, the detected characteristics of transmitter impairment are transmitted using reserved symbols inserted during framing, facilitating impairment mitigation at the transmitter. This method of transmitting impairment characteristics is also known as the in-band back-channel method, which requires the reserved symbols used to have good reliability, especially robustness against phase and amplitude interference. However, existing framing schemes are mainly applied to 400 Gbps or 800 Gbps transmission scenarios, and the reserved symbols used are relatively concentrated in the data frame. In the event of sudden errors caused by phase and amplitude interference, the reliability of retained symbols is poor and cannot adapt to future transmission scenarios, such as 800Gbps transmission using Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation, 1.2Tbps transmission using 16-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16QAM) modulation, 1.6Tbps transmission using 16QAM modulation, and 3.2Tbps transmission using 64QAM modulation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a data transmission method, apparatus, and system that makes the reserved symbols distributed relatively dispersed in any polarization direction of the data frame. Regardless of what function the reserved symbols are used to achieve, they have high resistance to burst errors, good transmission reliability, and can be well applied to various coherent transmission scenarios in the future.

[0006] Firstly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method applied at a transmitting end. Specifically, the transmitted data frame includes N in one polarization direction. SF N subframes SF N is an integer greater than 1. SF Each subframe in N subframes includes training symbols and pilot symbols, N SFAt least two subframes in a data frame each include reserved symbols. It should be understood that a data frame includes symbols in two polarization directions. The structure of the data frame is similar in both polarization directions, which can be denoted as the X-polarization direction and the Y-polarization direction, respectively. The X-polarization direction and the Y-polarization direction are orthogonal to each other. That is, at least two subframes in the X-polarization direction and at least two subframes in the Y-polarization direction of a data frame each include reserved symbols.

[0007] In this implementation, the reserved symbols are designed to be distributed relatively dispersed in any polarization direction of the data frame. Regardless of what function the reserved symbols are used to achieve, they have high resistance to burst errors and good transmission reliability, making them well applicable to various coherent transmission scenarios in the future.

[0008] In some possible implementations, N SF There are only N subframes X Each subframe includes a reserved symbol, 2≤N X <N SF In other words, N SF At least one subframe does not contain reserved symbols, which means that it is not mandatory for every subframe to have reserved symbols. This allows for flexible allocation of reserved symbols across subframes based on the total number of reserved symbols, thus adapting to more scenarios.

[0009] In some possible implementations, N X Each subframe in N subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. That is, N X The structure of each subframe within a subframe is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0010] In some possible implementations, N X The subframes consist of a first group of subframes and a second group of subframes. Each subframe in the first group includes the same number of reserved symbols, and each subframe in the second group includes the same number of reserved symbols. However, the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the first group differs from the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the second group. That is, N X The number of reserved symbols distributed in each subframe within a subframe can be flexibly configured; it is not necessary for the number of reserved symbols in each subframe to be exactly the same, thus enriching the implementation methods. Furthermore, the structure of each subframe in the first group of subframes is relatively more uniform, and the structure of each subframe in the second group of subframes is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0011] In some possible implementations, N X Each subframe comprises a first subframe and multiple second subframes, each of the multiple second subframes including the same number of reserved symbols. That is, N XThe number of reserved symbols distributed in each subframe within a subframe can be flexibly configured, and it is not necessary for the number of reserved symbols in each subframe to be exactly the same, thus adapting to more scenarios. Furthermore, the structure of each subframe in multiple second subframes is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0012] In some possible implementations, N X The subframes include N RES Each of the multiple second subframes includes N reserved symbols. R1 Reserved symbols; or, or, 1, or, in, This indicates rounding down the real number 'a'. Several methods are provided to assign a reserved sign to each subframe in multiple second subframes, thus adapting to more scenarios.

[0013] In some possible implementations, N X Each subframe in the subframe includes one reserved symbol. In other words, in scenarios where the number of seed frames exceeds the number of reserved symbols, this method can distribute the reserved symbols more evenly among the corresponding subframes, which is more conducive to improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability.

[0014] In some possible implementations, N X =2, N X One of the subframes in N includes a frame synchronization symbol. X One of the subframes contains N reserved symbols and frame synchronization symbols. X The number of reserved symbols included in the other subframe of the two subframes. In this embodiment, the number of pre-framing symbols in these two subframes is the same, and the remaining N SF The number of pre-framing symbols is the same in both subframes, the data frame structure is relatively simple, and the implementation cost is low.

[0015] In some possible implementations, N X =2, N X One of the subframes in N includes a frame synchronization symbol. X Each subframe in the two subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. This method allows for a more even distribution of reserved symbols across the two subframes, which is more conducive to improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability.

[0016] In some possible implementations, N X One of the subframes in N includes a frame synchronization symbol, that is, N XOne of the subframes includes both frame synchronization symbols and reserved symbols, similar to the subframes in existing standard designs that include frame synchronization symbols and reserved symbols, with minimal overall changes.

[0017] In some possible implementations, in N X In one of the subframes, all symbols except for training symbols, pilot symbols, frame synchronization symbols, and pre-framing symbols are reserved symbols.

[0018] In some possible implementations, N SF In each subframe, besides N X One of the subframes other than N includes a frame synchronization symbol, that is, N X One of the subframes includes a frame synchronization symbol but not a reserved symbol, thus enabling adaptation to more scenarios.

[0019] In some possible implementations, in N X In any subframe, all symbols except for training symbols, pilot symbols, and pre-framing symbols are reserved symbols.

[0020] In some possible implementations, N X =N SF -1. That is to say, N SF Except for one subframe that does not contain reserved symbols, all other subframes contain reserved symbols. This makes the distribution of reserved symbols in the data frame more dispersed, which is beneficial to improving the resistance to burst errors and transmission reliability. It does not require that every subframe contain reserved symbols, which makes it easier to flexibly allocate them in each subframe according to the total number of reserved symbols.

[0021] In some possible implementations, N SF Each subframe in the data frame includes reserved symbols. This ensures that the reserved symbols are distributed as dispersedly as possible within the data frame, which is more conducive to improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability.

[0022] In some possible implementations, in N SF In one of the subframes, all symbols except for training symbols, pilot symbols, frame synchronization symbols, and pre-framing symbols are reserved symbols. In N... SF In any subframe other than the one containing the frame synchronization symbol, all symbols other than the training symbol, pilot symbol, and pre-framing symbol are reserved symbols.

[0023] In some possible implementations, in addition to one of the subframes including the frame synchronization symbol, N SFEach of the other subframes in the N subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. This method distributes the reserved symbols more evenly across the corresponding subframes, which is more beneficial for improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability. Furthermore, N SF The structure of each other subframe within a subframe is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0024] In some possible implementations, N SF The subframes include N RES N reserved symbols, except for one subframe containing the frame synchronization symbol. SF Each of the other subframes in the N subframes includes N R1 Reserved symbols; or, or, or, in, This indicates rounding down the real number 'a'. Several methods for rounding down to N are provided here. SF The method of assigning reserved symbols to each of the other subframes in the subframe allows for adaptation to more scenarios.

[0025] In some possible implementations, N SF One of the subframes includes N. R0 Reserved symbols and N FAW N frame synchronization symbols; except for one subframe containing the frame synchronization symbol, N SF Each of the other subframes in the N subframes includes N R1 One reserved symbol; N R0 +N FAW =N R1 In this implementation, the number of pre-framing symbols in each subframe is the same, the data frame structure is relatively simple, and the implementation cost is low.

[0026] In some possible implementations, in addition to one of the subframes including the frame synchronization symbol, N SF Each subframe also includes a first group of subframes and a second group of subframes. Each subframe in the first group includes the same number of reserved symbols, and each subframe in the second group includes the same number of reserved symbols. However, the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the first group differs from the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the second group. That is, N SF The number of reserved symbols distributed in each subframe within a subframe can be flexibly configured; it is not necessary for the number of reserved symbols in each subframe to be exactly the same, thus enriching the implementation methods. Furthermore, the structure of each subframe in the first group of subframes is relatively more uniform, and the structure of each subframe in the second group of subframes is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0027] In some possible implementations, in a subframe that includes the reserved symbol, the training symbol is positioned before the reserved symbol.

[0028] In some possible implementations, N SF Each subframe in the subframe also includes a pre-framing symbol, and in subframes that include a reserved symbol, the reserved symbol is located before the pre-framing symbol.

[0029] In some possible implementations, in a subframe that includes both reserved symbols and frame synchronization symbols, the training symbols precede the frame synchronization symbols, and the frame synchronization symbols precede the reserved symbols.

[0030] In some possible implementations, in a subframe that includes multiple reserved symbols, the reserved symbols are arranged consecutively. It should be understood that if the reserved symbols are too dispersed within a subframe, reliability can be further improved, but this would increase the complexity of the hardware implementation. RES The reserved symbols are distributed across multiple subframes, but within each subframe, they are arranged consecutively. This improves the reliability of the reserved symbols while simplifying the hardware implementation. In other words, this implementation strikes a balance between reliability and complexity.

[0031] In some possible implementations, N SF In each of the N consecutive subframes in the subframes PG Each symbol includes a pilot symbol, N PG It is an integer greater than 1.

[0032] In some possible implementations, N SF Each subframe in the subframe contains a symbol that serves as both a training symbol and a pilot symbol.

[0033] In some possible implementations, the W data frames transmitted are carried on W subcarriers, where W is an integer greater than 1. Using the digital subcarrier implementation described above, the baud rate corresponding to each subcarrier is 1 / W of the transmitted signal baud rate. The digital subcarrier implementation reduces the complexity of dispersion compensation, reduces the overhead of Enhanced Equalization Phase Noise (EEPN), and results in lower DSP power consumption.

[0034] In some possible implementations, N SF At least one reserved symbol in each subframe is used for at least one of optical signal-to-noise ratio measurement, end-to-end delay measurement, backhaul transmission, and transmitter impairment feature representation.

[0035] In some possible implementations, the number of pre-framing symbols included in a data frame in one polarization direction is N. pd N SFEach subframe in the N subframes contains N symbols. S The number of symbols included in the data frame is N. F N SF The number of pilot symbols included in each of the N subframes is N. PS N SF In each of the N consecutive subframes in the subframes PG Each symbol includes one pilot symbol, and the number of frame synchronization symbols in a data frame is N. FAW N SF Each subframe in the N subframes contains N training symbols. TS The number of reserved symbols included in the data frame is N. RES , where N pd N SF N S N F N PS N PG N FAW N TS N RES The following table shows one of the following sets of correspondences:

[0036] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe of N subframes is 26, and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of reserved symbols in the first subframe is 48, and no reserved symbols are included in any of the other subframes except for the 0th and 1st subframes.

[0037] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF In the 0th subframe of N subframes, the number of reserved symbols is 0 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of symbols reserved in the first subframe is 8, and the number of symbols reserved in each of the other subframes, excluding the 0th and 1st subframes, is 3.

[0038] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SFThe number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 5 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 3.

[0039] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 28 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0040] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe of N subframes is 8, and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of reserved symbols in the first subframe of the subframe is 30, and the other subframes, except for the 0th and 1st subframes, do not include reserved symbols.

[0041] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF In the 0th subframe of N subframes, the number of reserved symbols is 0 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of symbols reserved in the first subframe is 8, and the number of symbols reserved in each of the other subframes, excluding the 0th and 1st subframes, is 3.

[0042] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 5 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 3.

[0043] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 16 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0044] In some possible implementations, NSF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 27 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0045] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe of N subframes is 38, and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of reserved symbols is 60 in the first subframe of the subframe, and no reserved symbols are included in the other subframes except for the 0th and 1st subframes.

[0046] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF In the 0th subframe of N subframes, the number of reserved symbols is 0 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of symbols reserved in the first subframe of the subframe is 10, and the number of symbols reserved in each of the other subframes, except for the 0th and 1st subframes, is 4.

[0047] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 6 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 4.

[0048] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 29 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 3.

[0049] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SFThe number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 52 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0050] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 75 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0051] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in the 6 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 8 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 18.

[0052] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =26, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 4 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0053] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =26, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 15 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0054] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in the 6 subframes is N RES =8, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 4 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0055] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in the 6 subframes is N RES =8, in N SFThe number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 3 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0056] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method applied at a receiving end. Specifically, the receiving end receives a second data frame transmitted through a channel from a first data frame. The first data frame includes N components in one polarization direction. SF N subframes SF N is an integer greater than 1. SF Each subframe in N subframes includes training symbols and pilot symbols, N SF At least two subframes in each subframe include reserved symbols.

[0057] In some possible implementations, N SF There are only N subframes X Each subframe includes a reserved symbol, 2≤N X <N SF In other words, N SF At least one subframe does not contain reserved symbols, which means that it is not mandatory for every subframe to have reserved symbols. This allows for flexible allocation of reserved symbols across subframes based on the total number of reserved symbols, thus adapting to more scenarios.

[0058] In some possible implementations, N X Each subframe in N subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. That is, N X The structure of each subframe within a subframe is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0059] In some possible implementations, N X The subframes consist of a first group of subframes and a second group of subframes. Each subframe in the first group includes the same number of reserved symbols, and each subframe in the second group includes the same number of reserved symbols. However, the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the first group differs from the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the second group. That is, N X The number of reserved symbols distributed in each subframe within a subframe can be flexibly configured; it is not necessary for the number of reserved symbols in each subframe to be exactly the same, thus enriching the implementation methods. Furthermore, the structure of each subframe in the first group of subframes is relatively more uniform, and the structure of each subframe in the second group of subframes is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0060] In some possible implementations, N X Each subframe comprises a first subframe and multiple second subframes, each of the multiple second subframes including the same number of reserved symbols. That is, N XThe number of reserved symbols distributed in each subframe within a subframe can be flexibly configured, and it is not necessary for the number of reserved symbols in each subframe to be exactly the same, thus adapting to more scenarios. Furthermore, the structure of each subframe in multiple second subframes is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0061] In some possible implementations, N X The subframes include N RES Each of the multiple second subframes includes N reserved symbols. R1 Reserved symbols; or, or, or, in, This indicates rounding down the real number 'a'. Several methods are provided to assign a reserved sign to each subframe in multiple second subframes, thus adapting to more scenarios.

[0062] In some possible implementations, N X Each subframe in the subframe includes one reserved symbol. In other words, in scenarios where the number of seed frames exceeds the number of reserved symbols, this method can distribute the reserved symbols more evenly among the corresponding subframes, which is more conducive to improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability.

[0063] In some possible implementations, N X =2, N X One of the subframes in N includes a frame synchronization symbol. X One of the subframes contains N reserved symbols and frame synchronization symbols. X The number of reserved symbols included in the other subframe of the two subframes. In this embodiment, the number of pre-framing symbols in these two subframes is the same, and the remaining N SF The number of pre-framing symbols is the same in both subframes, and the structure of the first data frame is relatively simple, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0064] In some possible implementations, N X =2, N X One of the subframes in N includes a frame synchronization symbol. X Each subframe in the two subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. This method allows for a more even distribution of reserved symbols across the two subframes, which is more conducive to improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability.

[0065] In some possible implementations, N X One of the subframes in N includes a frame synchronization symbol, that is, NX One of the subframes includes both frame synchronization symbols and reserved symbols, similar to the subframes in existing standard designs that include frame synchronization symbols and reserved symbols, with minimal overall changes.

[0066] In some possible implementations, in N X In one of the subframes, all symbols except for training symbols, pilot symbols, frame synchronization symbols, and pre-framing symbols are reserved symbols.

[0067] In some possible implementations, N SF In each subframe, besides N X One of the subframes other than N includes a frame synchronization symbol, that is, N X One of the subframes includes a frame synchronization symbol but not a reserved symbol, thus enabling adaptation to more scenarios.

[0068] In some possible implementations, in N X In any subframe, all symbols except for training symbols, pilot symbols, and pre-framing symbols are reserved symbols.

[0069] In some possible implementations, N X =N SF -1. That is to say, N SF Except for one subframe that does not contain reserved symbols, all other subframes contain reserved symbols. This makes the distribution of reserved symbols in the first data frame more dispersed, which is beneficial to improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability. It does not require that every subframe contain reserved symbols, which makes it easier to flexibly allocate them in each subframe according to the total number of reserved symbols.

[0070] In some possible implementations, N SF Each subframe in the first data frame includes reserved symbols. This ensures that the reserved symbols are distributed as dispersedly as possible, which is more conducive to improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability.

[0071] In some possible implementations, in N SF In one of the subframes, all symbols except for training symbols, pilot symbols, frame synchronization symbols, and pre-framing symbols are reserved symbols. In N... SF In any subframe other than the one containing the frame synchronization symbol, all symbols other than the training symbol, pilot symbol, and pre-framing symbol are reserved symbols.

[0072] In some possible implementations, in addition to one of the subframes including the frame synchronization symbol, N SFEach of the other subframes in the N subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. This method distributes the reserved symbols more evenly across the corresponding subframes, which is more beneficial for improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability. Furthermore, N SF The structure of each other subframe within a subframe is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0073] In some possible implementations, N SF The subframes include N RES N reserved symbols, except for one subframe containing the frame synchronization symbol. SF Each of the other subframes in the N subframes includes N R1 Reserved symbols; or, or, or, in, This indicates rounding down the real number 'a'. Several methods for rounding down to N are provided here. SF The method of assigning reserved symbols to each of the other subframes in the subframe allows for adaptation to more scenarios.

[0074] In some possible implementations, N SF One of the subframes includes N. R0 Reserved symbols and N FAW N frame synchronization symbols; except for one subframe containing the frame synchronization symbol, N SF Each of the other subframes in the N subframes includes N R1 One reserved symbol; N R0 +N FAW =N R1 In this implementation, the number of pre-framing symbols in each subframe is the same, the structure of the first data frame is relatively simple, and the implementation cost is low.

[0075] In some possible implementations, in addition to one of the subframes including the frame synchronization symbol, N SF Each subframe also includes a first group of subframes and a second group of subframes. Each subframe in the first group includes the same number of reserved symbols, and each subframe in the second group includes the same number of reserved symbols. However, the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the first group differs from the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the second group. That is, N SF The number of reserved symbols distributed in each subframe within a subframe can be flexibly configured; it is not necessary for the number of reserved symbols in each subframe to be exactly the same, thus enriching the implementation methods. Furthermore, the structure of each subframe in the first group of subframes is relatively more uniform, and the structure of each subframe in the second group of subframes is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0076] In some possible implementations, in a subframe that includes the reserved symbol, the training symbol is positioned before the reserved symbol.

[0077] In some possible implementations, N SF Each subframe in the subframe also includes a pre-framing symbol, and in subframes that include a reserved symbol, the reserved symbol is located before the pre-framing symbol.

[0078] In some possible implementations, in a subframe that includes both reserved symbols and frame synchronization symbols, the training symbols precede the frame synchronization symbols, and the frame synchronization symbols precede the reserved symbols.

[0079] In some possible implementations, in a subframe that includes multiple reserved symbols, the reserved symbols are arranged consecutively. It should be understood that if the reserved symbols are too dispersed within a subframe, reliability can be further improved, but this would increase the complexity of the hardware implementation. RES The reserved symbols are distributed across multiple subframes, but within each subframe, they are arranged consecutively. This improves the reliability of the reserved symbols while simplifying the hardware implementation. In other words, this implementation strikes a balance between reliability and complexity.

[0080] In some possible implementations, N SF In each of the N consecutive subframes in the subframes PG Each symbol includes a pilot symbol, N PG It is an integer greater than 1.

[0081] In some possible implementations, N SF Each subframe in the subframe contains a symbol that serves as both a training symbol and a pilot symbol.

[0082] In some possible implementations, W first data frames are carried on W subcarriers, where W is an integer greater than 1. Using the above digital subcarrier implementation, the baud rate corresponding to each subcarrier is 1 / W of the transmitted signal baud rate. The digital subcarrier implementation reduces the complexity of dispersion compensation, reduces the overhead of Enhanced Equalization Phase Noise (EEPN), and results in lower DSP power consumption.

[0083] In some possible implementations, N SF At least one reserved symbol in each subframe is used for at least one of optical signal-to-noise ratio measurement, end-to-end delay measurement, backhaul transmission, and transmitter impairment feature representation.

[0084] In some possible implementations, the first data frame includes N pre-framing symbols in one polarization direction. pd NSF Each subframe in the N subframes contains N symbols. S The first data frame includes N symbols. F N SF The number of pilot symbols included in each of the N subframes is N. PS N SF In each of the N consecutive subframes in the subframes PG Each symbol includes one pilot symbol, and the first data frame includes N frame synchronization symbols. FAW N SF Each subframe in the N subframes contains N training symbols. TS The first data frame includes N reserved symbols. RES , where N pd N SF N S N F N PS N PG N FAW N TS N RES The following table shows one of the following sets of correspondences:

[0085] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe of N subframes is 26, and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of reserved symbols in the first subframe is 48, and no reserved symbols are included in any of the other subframes except for the 0th and 1st subframes.

[0086] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF In the 0th subframe of N subframes, the number of reserved symbols is 0 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of symbols reserved in the first subframe is 8, and the number of symbols reserved in each of the other subframes, excluding the 0th and 1st subframes, is 3.

[0087] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SFThe number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 5 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 3.

[0088] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 28 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0089] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe of N subframes is 8, and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of reserved symbols in the first subframe of the subframe is 30, and the other subframes, except for the 0th and 1st subframes, do not include reserved symbols.

[0090] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF In the 0th subframe of N subframes, the number of reserved symbols is 0 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of symbols reserved in the first subframe is 8, and the number of symbols reserved in each of the other subframes, excluding the 0th and 1st subframes, is 3.

[0091] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 5 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 3.

[0092] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 16 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0093] In some possible implementations, NSF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 27 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0094] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe of N subframes is 38, and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of reserved symbols is 60 in the first subframe of the subframe, and no reserved symbols are included in the other subframes except for the 0th and 1st subframes.

[0095] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF In the 0th subframe of N subframes, the number of reserved symbols is 0 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of symbols reserved in the first subframe of the subframe is 10, and the number of symbols reserved in each of the other subframes, except for the 0th and 1st subframes, is 4.

[0096] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 6 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 4.

[0097] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 29 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 3.

[0098] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SFThe number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 52 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0099] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 75 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0100] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in the 6 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 8 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 18.

[0101] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =26, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 4 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0102] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =26, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 15 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0103] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in the 6 subframes is N RES =8, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 4 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0104] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in the 6 subframes is N RES =8, in N SFThe number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 3 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0105] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission apparatus, including a transmitting unit. The transmitting unit is used to transmit data frames, wherein the data frames include N in one polarization direction. SF N subframes SF N is an integer greater than 1. SF Each subframe in N subframes includes training symbols and pilot symbols, N SF At least two subframes in each subframe include reserved symbols.

[0106] In some possible implementations, N SF There are only N subframes X Each subframe includes a reserved symbol, 2≤N X <N SF In other words, N SF At least one subframe does not contain reserved symbols, which means that it is not mandatory for every subframe to have reserved symbols. This allows for flexible allocation of reserved symbols across subframes based on the total number of reserved symbols, thus adapting to more scenarios.

[0107] In some possible implementations, N X Each subframe in N subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. That is, N X The structure of each subframe within a subframe is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0108] In some possible implementations, N X The subframes consist of a first group of subframes and a second group of subframes. Each subframe in the first group includes the same number of reserved symbols, and each subframe in the second group includes the same number of reserved symbols. However, the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the first group differs from the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the second group. That is, N X The number of reserved symbols distributed in each subframe within a subframe can be flexibly configured; it is not necessary for the number of reserved symbols in each subframe to be exactly the same, thus enriching the implementation methods. Furthermore, the structure of each subframe in the first group of subframes is relatively more uniform, and the structure of each subframe in the second group of subframes is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0109] In some possible implementations, N X Each subframe comprises a first subframe and multiple second subframes, each of the multiple second subframes including the same number of reserved symbols. That is, N XThe number of reserved symbols distributed in each subframe within a subframe can be flexibly configured, and it is not necessary for the number of reserved symbols in each subframe to be exactly the same, thus adapting to more scenarios. Furthermore, the structure of each subframe in multiple second subframes is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0110] In some possible implementations, N X The subframes include N RES Each of the multiple second subframes includes N reserved symbols. R1 Reserved symbols; or, or, or, in, This indicates rounding down the real number 'a'. Several methods are provided to assign a reserved sign to each subframe in multiple second subframes, thus adapting to more scenarios.

[0111] In some possible implementations, N X Each subframe in the subframe includes one reserved symbol. In other words, in scenarios where the number of seed frames exceeds the number of reserved symbols, this method can distribute the reserved symbols more evenly among the corresponding subframes, which is more conducive to improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability.

[0112] In some possible implementations, N X =2, N X One of the subframes in N includes a frame synchronization symbol. X One of the subframes contains N reserved symbols and frame synchronization symbols. X The number of reserved symbols included in the other subframe of the two subframes. In this embodiment, the number of pre-framing symbols in these two subframes is the same, and the remaining N SF The number of pre-framing symbols is the same in both subframes, the data frame structure is relatively simple, and the implementation cost is low.

[0113] In some possible implementations, N X =2, N X One of the subframes in N includes a frame synchronization symbol. X Each subframe in the two subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. This method allows for a more even distribution of reserved symbols across the two subframes, which is more conducive to improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability.

[0114] In some possible implementations, N X One of the subframes in N includes a frame synchronization symbol, that is, NX One of the subframes includes both frame synchronization symbols and reserved symbols, similar to the subframes in existing standard designs that include frame synchronization symbols and reserved symbols, with minimal overall changes.

[0115] In some possible implementations, in N X In one of the subframes, all symbols except for training symbols, pilot symbols, frame synchronization symbols, and pre-framing symbols are reserved symbols.

[0116] In some possible implementations, N SF In each subframe, besides N X One of the subframes other than N includes a frame synchronization symbol, that is, N X One of the subframes includes a frame synchronization symbol but not a reserved symbol, thus enabling adaptation to more scenarios.

[0117] In some possible implementations, in N X In any subframe, all symbols except for training symbols, pilot symbols, and pre-framing symbols are reserved symbols.

[0118] In some possible implementations, N X =N SF -1. That is to say, N SF Except for one subframe that does not contain reserved symbols, all other subframes contain reserved symbols. This makes the distribution of reserved symbols in the data frame more dispersed, which is beneficial to improving the resistance to burst errors and transmission reliability. It does not require that every subframe contain reserved symbols, which makes it easier to flexibly allocate them in each subframe according to the total number of reserved symbols.

[0119] In some possible implementations, N SF Each subframe in the data frame includes reserved symbols. This ensures that the reserved symbols are distributed as dispersedly as possible within the data frame, which is more conducive to improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability.

[0120] In some possible implementations, in N SF In one of the subframes, all symbols except for training symbols, pilot symbols, frame synchronization symbols, and pre-framing symbols are reserved symbols. In N... SF In any subframe other than the one containing the frame synchronization symbol, all symbols other than the training symbol, pilot symbol, and pre-framing symbol are reserved symbols.

[0121] In some possible implementations, in addition to one of the subframes including the frame synchronization symbol, N SFEach of the other subframes in the N subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. This method distributes the reserved symbols more evenly across the corresponding subframes, which is more beneficial for improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability. Furthermore, N SF The structure of each other subframe within a subframe is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0122] In some possible implementations, N SF The subframes include N RES N reserved symbols, except for one subframe containing the frame synchronization symbol. SF Each of the other subframes in the N subframes includes N R1 Reserved symbols; or, or, or, in, This indicates rounding down the real number 'a'. Several methods for rounding down to N are provided here. SF The method of assigning reserved symbols to each of the other subframes in the subframe allows for adaptation to more scenarios.

[0123] In some possible implementations, N SF One of the subframes includes N. R0 Reserved symbols and N FAW N frame synchronization symbols; except for one subframe containing the frame synchronization symbol, N SF Each of the other subframes in the N subframes includes N R1 One reserved symbol; N R0 +N FAW =N R1 In this implementation, the number of pre-framing symbols in each subframe is the same, the data frame structure is relatively simple, and the implementation cost is low.

[0124] In some possible implementations, in addition to one of the subframes including the frame synchronization symbol, N SF Each subframe also includes a first group of subframes and a second group of subframes. Each subframe in the first group includes the same number of reserved symbols, and each subframe in the second group includes the same number of reserved symbols. However, the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the first group differs from the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the second group. That is, N SF The number of reserved symbols distributed in each subframe within a subframe can be flexibly configured; it is not necessary for the number of reserved symbols in each subframe to be exactly the same, thus enriching the implementation methods. Furthermore, the structure of each subframe in the first group of subframes is relatively more uniform, and the structure of each subframe in the second group of subframes is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0125] In some possible implementations, in a subframe that includes the reserved symbol, the training symbol is positioned before the reserved symbol.

[0126] In some possible implementations, N SF Each subframe in the subframe also includes a pre-framing symbol, and in subframes that include a reserved symbol, the reserved symbol is located before the pre-framing symbol.

[0127] In some possible implementations, in a subframe that includes both reserved symbols and frame synchronization symbols, the training symbols precede the frame synchronization symbols, and the frame synchronization symbols precede the reserved symbols.

[0128] In some possible implementations, in a subframe that includes multiple reserved symbols, the reserved symbols are arranged consecutively. It should be understood that if the reserved symbols are too dispersed within a subframe, reliability can be further improved, but this would increase the complexity of the hardware implementation. RES The reserved symbols are distributed across multiple subframes, but within each subframe, they are arranged consecutively. This improves the reliability of the reserved symbols while simplifying the hardware implementation. In other words, this implementation strikes a balance between reliability and complexity.

[0129] In some possible implementations, N SF In each of the N consecutive subframes in the subframes PG Each symbol includes a pilot symbol, N PG It is an integer greater than 1.

[0130] In some possible implementations, N SF Each subframe in the subframe contains a symbol that serves as both a training symbol and a pilot symbol.

[0131] In some possible implementations, the W data frames transmitted are carried on W subcarriers, where W is an integer greater than 1. Using the digital subcarrier implementation described above, the baud rate corresponding to each subcarrier is 1 / W of the transmitted signal baud rate. The digital subcarrier implementation reduces the complexity of dispersion compensation, reduces the overhead of Enhanced Equalization Phase Noise (EEPN), and results in lower DSP power consumption.

[0132] In some possible implementations, N SF At least one reserved symbol in each subframe is used for at least one of optical signal-to-noise ratio measurement, end-to-end delay measurement, backhaul transmission, and transmitter impairment feature representation.

[0133] In some possible implementations, the number of pre-framing symbols included in a data frame in one polarization direction is N. pd N SFEach subframe in the N subframes contains N symbols. S The number of symbols included in the data frame is N. F N SF The number of pilot symbols included in each of the N subframes is N. PS N SF In each of the N consecutive subframes in the subframes PG Each symbol includes one pilot symbol, and the number of frame synchronization symbols in a data frame is N. FAW N SF Each subframe in the N subframes contains N training symbols. TS The number of reserved symbols included in the data frame is N. RES , where N pd N SF N S N F N PS N PG N FAW N TS N RES The following table shows one of the following sets of correspondences:

[0134] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe of N subframes is 26, and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of reserved symbols in the first subframe is 48, and no reserved symbols are included in any of the other subframes except for the 0th and 1st subframes.

[0135] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF In the 0th subframe of N subframes, the number of reserved symbols is 0 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of symbols reserved in the first subframe is 8, and the number of symbols reserved in each of the other subframes, excluding the 0th and 1st subframes, is 3.

[0136] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SFThe number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 5 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 3.

[0137] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 28 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0138] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe of N subframes is 8, and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of reserved symbols in the first subframe of the subframe is 30, and the other subframes, except for the 0th and 1st subframes, do not include reserved symbols.

[0139] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF In the 0th subframe of N subframes, the number of reserved symbols is 0 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of symbols reserved in the first subframe is 8, and the number of symbols reserved in each of the other subframes, excluding the 0th and 1st subframes, is 3.

[0140] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 5 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 3.

[0141] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 16 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0142] In some possible implementations, NSF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 27 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0143] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe of N subframes is 38, and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of reserved symbols is 60 in the first subframe of the subframe, and no reserved symbols are included in the other subframes except for the 0th and 1st subframes.

[0144] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF In the 0th subframe of N subframes, the number of reserved symbols is 0 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of symbols reserved in the first subframe of the subframe is 10, and the number of symbols reserved in each of the other subframes, except for the 0th and 1st subframes, is 4.

[0145] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 6 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 4.

[0146] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 29 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 3.

[0147] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SFThe number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 52 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0148] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 75 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0149] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in the 6 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 8 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 18.

[0150] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =26, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 4 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0151] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =26, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 15 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0152] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in the 6 subframes is N RES =8, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 4 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0153] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in the 6 subframes is N RES =8, in N SFThe number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 3 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0154] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission apparatus, including a receiving unit. The receiving unit is configured to: receive a second data frame transmitted via a channel after a first data frame has passed through it. The first data frame includes N components in one polarization direction. SF N subframes SF N is an integer greater than 1. SF Each subframe in N subframes includes training symbols and pilot symbols, N SF At least two subframes in each subframe include reserved symbols.

[0155] In some possible implementations, N SF There are only N subframes X Each subframe includes a reserved symbol, 2≤N X <N SF In other words, N SF At least one subframe does not contain reserved symbols, which means that it is not mandatory for every subframe to have reserved symbols. This allows for flexible allocation of reserved symbols across subframes based on the total number of reserved symbols, thus adapting to more scenarios.

[0156] In some possible implementations, N X Each subframe in N subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. That is, N X The structure of each subframe within a subframe is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0157] In some possible implementations, N X The subframes consist of a first group of subframes and a second group of subframes. Each subframe in the first group includes the same number of reserved symbols, and each subframe in the second group includes the same number of reserved symbols. However, the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the first group differs from the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the second group. That is, N X The number of reserved symbols distributed in each subframe within a subframe can be flexibly configured; it is not necessary for the number of reserved symbols in each subframe to be exactly the same, thus enriching the implementation methods. Furthermore, the structure of each subframe in the first group of subframes is relatively more uniform, and the structure of each subframe in the second group of subframes is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0158] In some possible implementations, N X Each subframe comprises a first subframe and multiple second subframes, each of the multiple second subframes including the same number of reserved symbols. That is, N XThe number of reserved symbols distributed in each subframe within a subframe can be flexibly configured, and it is not necessary for the number of reserved symbols in each subframe to be exactly the same, thus adapting to more scenarios. Furthermore, the structure of each subframe in multiple second subframes is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0159] In some possible implementations, N X The subframes include N RES Each of the multiple second subframes includes N reserved symbols. R1 Reserved symbols; or, or, or, in, This indicates rounding down the real number 'a'. Several methods are provided to assign a reserved sign to each subframe in multiple second subframes, thus adapting to more scenarios.

[0160] In some possible implementations, N X Each subframe in the subframe includes one reserved symbol. In other words, in scenarios where the number of seed frames exceeds the number of reserved symbols, this method can distribute the reserved symbols more evenly among the corresponding subframes, which is more conducive to improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability.

[0161] In some possible implementations, N X =2, N X One of the subframes in N includes a frame synchronization symbol. X One of the subframes contains N reserved symbols and frame synchronization symbols. X The number of reserved symbols included in the other subframe of the two subframes. In this embodiment, the number of pre-framing symbols in these two subframes is the same, and the remaining N SF The number of pre-framing symbols is the same in both subframes, and the structure of the first data frame is relatively simple, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0162] In some possible implementations, N X =2, N X One of the subframes in N includes a frame synchronization symbol. X Each subframe in the two subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. This method allows for a more even distribution of reserved symbols across the two subframes, which is more conducive to improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability.

[0163] In some possible implementations, N X One of the subframes in N includes a frame synchronization symbol, that is, NX One of the subframes includes both frame synchronization symbols and reserved symbols, similar to the subframes in existing standard designs that include frame synchronization symbols and reserved symbols, with minimal overall changes.

[0164] In some possible implementations, in N X In one of the subframes, all symbols except for training symbols, pilot symbols, frame synchronization symbols, and pre-framing symbols are reserved symbols.

[0165] In some possible implementations, N SF In each subframe, besides N X One of the subframes other than N includes a frame synchronization symbol, that is, N X One of the subframes includes a frame synchronization symbol but not a reserved symbol, thus enabling adaptation to more scenarios.

[0166] In some possible implementations, in N X In any subframe, all symbols except for training symbols, pilot symbols, and pre-framing symbols are reserved symbols.

[0167] In some possible implementations, N X =N SF -1. That is to say, N SF Except for one subframe that does not contain reserved symbols, all other subframes contain reserved symbols. This makes the distribution of reserved symbols in the first data frame more dispersed, which is beneficial to improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability. It does not require that every subframe contain reserved symbols, which makes it easier to flexibly allocate them in each subframe according to the total number of reserved symbols.

[0168] In some possible implementations, N SF Each subframe in the first data frame includes reserved symbols. This ensures that the reserved symbols are distributed as dispersedly as possible, which is more conducive to improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability.

[0169] In some possible implementations, in N SF In one of the subframes, all symbols except for training symbols, pilot symbols, frame synchronization symbols, and pre-framing symbols are reserved symbols. In N... SF In any subframe other than the one containing the frame synchronization symbol, all symbols other than the training symbol, pilot symbol, and pre-framing symbol are reserved symbols.

[0170] In some possible implementations, in addition to one of the subframes including the frame synchronization symbol, N SFEach of the other subframes in the N subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. This method distributes the reserved symbols more evenly across the corresponding subframes, which is more beneficial for improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability. Furthermore, N SF The structure of each other subframe within a subframe is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0171] In some possible implementations, N SF The subframes include N RES N reserved symbols, except for one subframe containing the frame synchronization symbol. SF Each of the other subframes in the N subframes includes N R1 Reserved symbols; or, or, or, in, This indicates rounding down the real number 'a'. Several methods for rounding down to N are provided here. SF The method of assigning reserved symbols to each of the other subframes in the subframe allows for adaptation to more scenarios.

[0172] In some possible implementations, N SF One of the subframes includes N. R0 Reserved symbols and N FAW N frame synchronization symbols; except for one subframe containing the frame synchronization symbol, N SF Each of the other subframes in the N subframes includes N R1 One reserved symbol; N R0 +N FAW =N R1 In this implementation, the number of pre-framing symbols in each subframe is the same, the structure of the first data frame is relatively simple, and the implementation cost is low.

[0173] In some possible implementations, in addition to one of the subframes including the frame synchronization symbol, N SF Each subframe also includes a first group of subframes and a second group of subframes. Each subframe in the first group includes the same number of reserved symbols, and each subframe in the second group includes the same number of reserved symbols. However, the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the first group differs from the number of reserved symbols in each subframe of the second group. That is, N SF The number of reserved symbols distributed in each subframe within a subframe can be flexibly configured; it is not necessary for the number of reserved symbols in each subframe to be exactly the same, thus enriching the implementation methods. Furthermore, the structure of each subframe in the first group of subframes is relatively more uniform, and the structure of each subframe in the second group of subframes is relatively more uniform, resulting in lower implementation costs.

[0174] In some possible implementations, in a subframe that includes the reserved symbol, the training symbol is positioned before the reserved symbol.

[0175] In some possible implementations, N SF Each subframe in the subframe also includes a pre-framing symbol, and in subframes that include a reserved symbol, the reserved symbol is located before the pre-framing symbol.

[0176] In some possible implementations, in a subframe that includes both reserved symbols and frame synchronization symbols, the training symbols precede the frame synchronization symbols, and the frame synchronization symbols precede the reserved symbols.

[0177] In some possible implementations, in a subframe that includes multiple reserved symbols, the reserved symbols are arranged consecutively. It should be understood that if the reserved symbols are too dispersed within a subframe, reliability can be further improved, but this would increase the complexity of the hardware implementation. RES The reserved symbols are distributed across multiple subframes, but within each subframe, they are arranged consecutively. This improves the reliability of the reserved symbols while simplifying the hardware implementation. In other words, this implementation strikes a balance between reliability and complexity.

[0178] In some possible implementations, N SF In each of the N consecutive subframes in the subframes PG Each symbol includes a pilot symbol, N PG It is an integer greater than 1.

[0179] In some possible implementations, N SF Each subframe in the subframe contains a symbol that serves as both a training symbol and a pilot symbol.

[0180] In some possible implementations, W first data frames are carried on W subcarriers, where W is an integer greater than 1. Using the above digital subcarrier implementation, the baud rate corresponding to each subcarrier is 1 / W of the transmitted signal baud rate. The digital subcarrier implementation reduces the complexity of dispersion compensation, reduces the overhead of Enhanced Equalization Phase Noise (EEPN), and results in lower DSP power consumption.

[0181] In some possible implementations, N SF At least one reserved symbol in each subframe is used for at least one of optical signal-to-noise ratio measurement, end-to-end delay measurement, backhaul transmission, and transmitter impairment feature representation.

[0182] In some possible implementations, the first data frame includes N pre-framing symbols in one polarization direction. pd NSF Each subframe in the N subframes contains N symbols. S The first data frame includes N symbols. F N SF The number of pilot symbols included in each of the N subframes is N. PS N SF In each of the N consecutive subframes in the subframes PG Each symbol includes one pilot symbol, and the first data frame includes N frame synchronization symbols. FAW N SF Each subframe in the N subframes contains N training symbols. TS The first data frame includes N reserved symbols. RES , where N pd N SF N S N F N PS N PG N FAW N TS N RES The following table shows one of the following sets of correspondences:

[0183] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe of N subframes is 26, and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of reserved symbols in the first subframe is 48, and no reserved symbols are included in any of the other subframes except for the 0th and 1st subframes.

[0184] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF In the 0th subframe of N subframes, the number of reserved symbols is 0 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of symbols reserved in the first subframe is 8, and the number of symbols reserved in each of the other subframes, excluding the 0th and 1st subframes, is 3.

[0185] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in NSF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 5 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 3.

[0186] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 28 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0187] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe of N subframes is 8, and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of reserved symbols in the first subframe of the subframe is 30, and the other subframes, except for the 0th and 1st subframes, do not include reserved symbols.

[0188] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF In the 0th subframe of N subframes, the number of reserved symbols is 0 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of symbols reserved in the first subframe is 8, and the number of symbols reserved in each of the other subframes, excluding the 0th and 1st subframes, is 3.

[0189] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 5 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 3.

[0190] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 16 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0191] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 27 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0192] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe of N subframes is 38, and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of reserved symbols is 60 in the first subframe of the subframe, and no reserved symbols are included in the other subframes except for the 0th and 1st subframes.

[0193] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF In the 0th subframe of N subframes, the number of reserved symbols is 0 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of symbols reserved in the first subframe of the subframe is 10, and the number of symbols reserved in each of the other subframes, except for the 0th and 1st subframes, is 4.

[0194] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 6 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 4.

[0195] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 29 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 3.

[0196] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SFThe number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 52 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0197] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 75 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0198] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in the 6 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 8 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 18.

[0199] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =26, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 4 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0200] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =26, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 15 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0201] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in the 6 subframes is N RES =8, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 4 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0202] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in the 6 subframes is N RES =8, in N SFThe number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 3 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0203] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a chip for performing the methods described in any of the first or second aspects.

[0204] Sixthly, embodiments of this application provide an optical module, which includes a processor and an interface. The interface is used to transmit and receive signals, and the processor is used to execute the methods described in either the first or second aspect. For example, the interface is used to transmit signals from the processor or to transmit received signals to the processor.

[0205] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a network device. The transmitting device includes a host-side device and an optical module as described in the sixth aspect. For example, the optical module is used to convert electrical signals from the host-side device into optical signals and transmit the optical signals. As another example, the optical module is used to convert received optical signals into electrical signals and transmit the electrical signals to the host-side device.

[0206] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication system that includes multiple network devices as described in the seventh aspect, wherein the multiple network devices are used to send optical signals to each other.

[0207] Ninthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the method described in any of the embodiments of the first or second aspect to be implemented.

[0208] In a tenth aspect, this application provides a computer program product including program instructions that, when executed, implement the method described in any of the embodiments of the first or second aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0209] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system applied in an embodiment of this application;

[0210] Figure 2(a) is a schematic diagram of one implementation of dual polarization symbol mapping and framing in an embodiment of this application;

[0211] Figure 2(b) is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the DSP processor in this application;

[0212] Figure 2(c) is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the DSP processor in this application;

[0213] Figure 2(d) is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the DSP processor in this application.

[0214] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission method in an embodiment of this application;

[0215] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a data frame structure in an embodiment of this application;

[0216] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a subframe structure in an embodiment of this application;

[0217] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of another subframe structure in an embodiment of this application;

[0218] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the subframe in an embodiment of this application;

[0219] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the subframe in an embodiment of this application;

[0220] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the data frame in this application;

[0221] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the distribution of reserved symbols in the subframes of the data frame in this application;

[0222] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in subframes of a data frame in this application embodiment;

[0223] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in subframes of a data frame in this application embodiment;

[0224] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in subframes of a data frame in this application embodiment;

[0225] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the data frame in the embodiments of this application;

[0226] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in subframes of a data frame in the embodiments of this application;

[0227] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in subframes of a data frame in this application embodiment;

[0228] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in subframes of a data frame in this application embodiment;

[0229] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in subframes of a data frame in the embodiments of this application;

[0230] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the data frame in the embodiments of this application;

[0231] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in subframes of a data frame in the embodiments of this application;

[0232] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in subframes of a data frame in this application embodiment;

[0233] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in subframes of a data frame in this application embodiment;

[0234] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the data frame in the embodiments of this application;

[0235] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in subframes of a data frame in this application embodiment;

[0236] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission device in an embodiment of this application;

[0237] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the data transmission device in an embodiment of this application;

[0238] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of an optical module in an embodiment of this application;

[0239] Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of a network device in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0240] This application provides a data transmission method, apparatus, and system. Specifically, it provides a framing scheme that makes the reserved symbols distributed relatively dispersed in any polarization direction of the data frame. Regardless of what function the reserved symbols are used to achieve, they have high resistance to burst errors, good transmission reliability, and can be well applied to various coherent transmission scenarios in the future.

[0241] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in this application specification, claims, and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, not to limit a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the above terms can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described in this application can be implemented in an order other than that described in this application. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. The term "and / or" in the embodiments of this application is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A or B can be represented as: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The operation represents rounding down 'a', for example...

[0242] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system applied in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1, at the transmitting end, the source provides a data stream to be transmitted. A forward error correction (FEC) encoder receives the data stream and performs FEC encoding on it. The codeword information obtained by combining the parity bits and information bits is sent to the transmitting end digital signal processing (DSP) processor for dual polarization symbol mapping and framing, and then transmitted through the channel to the receiving end. After receiving the distorted signal caused by noise or other impairments in the channel, the receiving end sends it to the receiving end DSP processor for dispersion compensation, synchronization, phase recovery, and other operations. Then, it is decoded by the FEC decoder to recover the original data and send it to the destination. The above-mentioned framing can also be called DSP framing.

[0243] Figure 2(a) is a schematic diagram of one implementation of dual-polarization symbol mapping and framing in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 2(a), in one possible implementation, the transmitting DSP processor performs dual-polarization symbol mapping on the received data sequence. Typically, the received data sequence is information and a check sequence obtained through FEC encoding. Dual-polarization symbol mapping includes symbol mapping and polarization distribution. The symbol mapping method is Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). Typically, QAM modulation (also known as symbol mapping) involves symbol mapping multiple input bits to obtain multiple QAM symbols, and polarization distribution of the multiple QAM symbols to obtain multiple dual-polarization (DP) symbols, i.e., DP-QAM symbols, such as DP-4QAM, DP-16QAM, DP-32QAM, and DP-64QAM, etc., where DP-4QAM is also called Dual-polarization Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK, DP-QPSK). It should be understood that the symbol mapping typically employs Gray mapping, mapping multiple bits to one QAM symbol. This symbol mapping is also simply referred to as Gray mapping. For ease of explanation, the two polarization directions will be uniformly denoted as the X-polarization direction and the Y-polarization direction, respectively, where the X-polarization direction and the Y-polarization direction are orthogonal to each other. It should be understood that the X-polarization direction and the Y-polarization direction are not two specified polarization directions, but rather any two mutually orthogonal polarization directions. Furthermore, the transmitting DSP processor performs the following framing processing on a certain number of dual-polarization symbols: specifically, it obtains a pre-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence containing multiple dual-polarization symbols; inserts a frame alignment word sequence (FAW sequence) and a training symbol sequence into the X-polarization direction and the Y-polarization direction, respectively; and retains at least one of the reserved symbol sequence and the pilot symbol sequence, resulting in a post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence. The inserted symbol sequence can also be called a preset symbol sequence.

[0244] In this embodiment, the pre-framing dual-polarization symbol is also called the payload symbol, which includes FEC-encoded information and parity bits, and the resulting symbol (called the information symbol and parity symbol) is obtained through symbol mapping. The post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence is called a data frame, or a frame or DSP frame. For ease of explanation, this embodiment will uniformly refer to the post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence as a data frame.

[0245] It should be understood that a dual-polarization symbol can be represented by two symbols, one located in the X-polarization direction and the other in the Y-polarization direction. Each symbol can be represented by a complex number. For example, a symbol obtained using 16QAM modulation can be represented by any one of the following 16 complex numbers: ±1±1j, ±1±3j, ±3±1j, and ±3±3j, where ± indicates a positive or negative value, such as ±3 representing 3 or -3. It should be noted that it is also possible to compress the symbols on the constellation diagram. For example, correspondingly, by normalizing the power of the 16 symbols with the same probability on the 16QAM constellation diagram, the values ​​of the 16 symbols on the 16QAM constellation diagram become... In other specific applications, the symbols obtained by QPSK modulation can be represented by any one of the following four complex numbers: ±1±1j.

[0246] It should be noted that a sequence with N0 dual-polarization symbols can be completely represented by two complex sequences of length N0, one representing the symbol in the X-polarization direction and the other representing the symbol in the Y-polarization direction. Each complex sequence of length N0 is represented by a sequence of N0 real parts (also called the I-path sequence) and a sequence of N0 imaginary parts (also called the Q-path sequence), where N0 is an integer greater than 1. Therefore, there are four different types of sequences, including the X-polarization I-path (in-phase component) sequence, the X-polarization Q-path (quadrature-phase component) sequence, the Y-polarization I-path sequence, and the Y-polarization Q-path sequence. The X-polarization I-path sequence is also called the X... I The component, the Q-path sequence in the X polarization direction, is also called X. Q The component, the Y-polarization direction I-path sequence, is also called the Y component. I The component, the Q-path sequence in the Y-polarization direction, is also called the Y-axis. Q Quantity.

[0247] It should be noted that after dual-polarization symbol mapping and framing operations, a dual-polarization symbol data stream to be transmitted is obtained. This stream can be represented by two data streams: the first is the symbol data stream in the X-polarization direction, and the second is the symbol data stream in the Y-polarization direction. Alternatively, a dual-polarization symbol data stream can also be represented by four data streams: the first is the data stream corresponding to the I-path component in the X-polarization direction (referred to as X...). I The second data stream is the data stream of the Q-path component in the X-polarization direction corresponding to the dual-polarization symbol stream (abbreviated as X). Q The third data stream is the data stream of the I-path component in the Y-polarization direction corresponding to the dual-polarization symbol stream (abbreviated as Y). I The fourth data stream is the data stream of the Q-path component in the Y-polarization direction corresponding to the dual-polarization symbol stream (abbreviated as Y). Q (Data flow).

[0248] It should be understood that in the dual-polarization symbol mapping and framing operation shown in Figure 2(a), framing (also known as DSP framing) is performed after dual-polarization symbol mapping, that is, framing is performed on the symbol level. Below are schematic diagrams of several other possible implementations of the originating DSP processor, where framing is performed before dual-polarization symbol mapping, that is, framing is performed on the bit level.

[0249] Figure 2(b) is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the transmitting DSP processor in this application. As shown in Figure 2(b), framing is performed before dual-polarization symbol mapping. Specifically, a pre-framing bit sequence containing multiple bits is obtained, a preset bit sequence is inserted, and dual-polarization symbol mapping is performed to obtain a post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence. The preset bit sequence is then processed by dual-polarization symbol mapping to obtain a preset symbol sequence, which is also referred to as the bits corresponding to the preset symbol sequence. It should be understood that the post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence obtained by using the implementation shown in Figure 2(b) is the same as the post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence obtained by using the implementation shown in Figure 2(a).

[0250] Figure 2(c) is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the transmitting DSP processor in this application. As shown in Figure 2(c), framing is performed before dual-polarization symbol mapping. Specifically, two pre-framing bit sequences containing multiple bits are obtained respectively. A first preset bit sequence and a second preset bit sequence are inserted into the first and second pre-framing bit sequences respectively, and dual-polarization symbol mapping is performed to obtain a post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence. The first preset bit sequence is symbol mapped to obtain a preset symbol sequence in the X-polarization direction, and the second preset bit sequence is symbol mapped to obtain a preset symbol sequence in the Y-polarization direction. The first preset bit sequence is also called the bit corresponding to the preset symbol sequence in the X-polarization direction, and the second preset bit sequence is also called the bit corresponding to the preset symbol sequence in the Y-polarization direction. It should be understood that the post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence obtained by the pre-framing bit sequence using the embodiment shown in Figure 2(c) is the same as the post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence obtained by the embodiment shown in Figure 2(a).

[0251] Figure 2(d) is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the originating DSP processor in this application. As shown in Figure 2(d), framing is performed before dual-polarization symbol mapping. Specifically, four pre-framing bit sequences containing multiple bits are obtained respectively. A first preset bit sequence, a second preset bit sequence, a third preset bit sequence, and a fourth preset bit sequence are inserted into the first, second, third, and fourth pre-framing bit sequences, respectively, and dual-polarization symbol mapping is performed to obtain the post-framing dual-polarization symbol sequence. The first preset bit sequence is symbol mapped to obtain the I-path component of the preset symbol sequence in the X-polarization direction; the second preset bit sequence is symbol mapped to obtain the Q-path component of the preset symbol sequence in the X-polarization direction; the third preset bit sequence is symbol mapped to obtain the I-path component of the preset symbol sequence in the Y-polarization direction; and the fourth preset bit sequence is symbol mapped to obtain the Q-path component of the preset symbol sequence in the Y-polarization direction. The first preset bit sequence is also called the preset symbol sequence in the X-polarization direction. I The bits corresponding to the components, the second preset bit sequence, also known as the preset symbol sequence in X Q The bits corresponding to the components, the third preset bit sequence, also known as the preset symbol sequence, are in Y. I The bits corresponding to the components, the fourth preset bit sequence, also known as the preset symbol sequence, are in Y. Q The bits corresponding to the components. It should be understood that the framed dual-polarization symbol sequence obtained by using the implementation shown in Figure 2(d) before framing is the same as the framed dual-polarization symbol sequence obtained by using the implementation shown in Figure 2(a).

[0252] It should be noted that this application does not limit the specific framing method adopted by the sending DSP processor. In addition to the framing methods described in Figures 2(a), 2(b), 2(c), and 2(d), other similar framing methods are also applicable to this scheme, and will not be described in detail here.

[0253] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3, the data transmission method includes the following steps.

[0254] 101. The sending end obtains the data frame.

[0255] It should be noted that this application does not limit the specific implementation of generating a single data frame. For example, the dual-polarization symbol mapping and framing method described in Figures 2(a), 2(b), 2(c), or 2(d) can be used. Of course, other similar dual-polarization symbol mapping and framing methods are also applicable to this scheme, and will not be described in detail here. The data frame in the embodiments of this application is also called a super-frame, complex-frame, or multi-frame. For ease of introduction, it will be uniformly referred to as a "data frame" below.

[0256] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a data frame structure in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 4, in one polarization direction, the data frame includes N SF N subframes. SF Each subframe in the N subframes includes N S If there are N symbols, then the data frame includes N F =N SF ×N S There are symbols, where N S N is an integer greater than 1. SF N is an integer greater than 1. In one polarization direction, the data frame contains N. pd The pre-framing symbol, also known as the payload symbol.

[0257] It should be understood that a data frame includes symbols in two polarization directions, and the structure of the data frame is similar in both polarization directions. The following description uses one polarization direction as an example to illustrate the structure of a single data frame; that is, the structure of the data frame in the X-polarization direction and the structure in the Y-polarization direction both conform to the following description. For example, the above "In one polarization direction, the N..." SF Each subframe in the N subframes includes N S The symbol "N" can be simply described as "the N". SF Each subframe in the N subframes includes N S Each of the symbols represents "the N". SF Each subframe in the N subframes includes NS "A double polarization symbol".

[0258] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of one structure of a subframe in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a subframe in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, in this embodiment of the application, each subframe in the data frame includes N. TS training symbols and N PS There are pilot symbols, where N TS and N PS All are integers greater than 1. Training symbols are used for link training and / or subframe synchronization, while pilot symbols are used for carrier phase recovery. In some specific applications, one symbol in each subframe serves as both a training symbol and a pilot symbol, as indicated by the dashed boxes in Figures 5 and 6. N TS The training symbols include the symbols indicated by the dashed box, N. PS Each pilot symbol also includes the symbol indicated by the dashed box. Typically, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, N TS N consecutive training symbols are arranged starting from the beginning of the subframe. TS In a series of consecutive training symbols, the symbol at the beginning position is both a training symbol and a pilot symbol. That is, the first symbol of a subframe is the first symbol of both the training symbol sequence and the pilot symbol sequence. In other words, the first symbol of the training symbol sequence is also the first symbol of the pilot symbol sequence, and the first symbol of the training symbol sequence and the first symbol of the pilot symbol sequence have the same value.

[0259] It should be noted that in some specific applications, N SF All subframes use the same training symbol sequence. More specifically, taking the first and second subframes as examples, the first and second subframes have N... SF For any two subframes, the value of the i-th training symbol in the first subframe is the same as the value of the i-th training symbol in the second subframe. In other words, the training symbol values ​​at the same position in the first and second subframes are the same.

[0260] It should be noted that in some specific applications, N SF Each subframe in N uses the same pilot symbol sequence. In other specific applications, N SF Different subframes within a subframe can use different pilot symbol sequences, for example, N SF N in each subframe SF Both subframes use the same pilot symbol sequence, and N SF Both subframes use a different pilot symbol sequence. One specific implementation is that N SF The first N in each subframe SFBoth subframes use the same pilot symbol sequence, and the remaining N SF Both subframes use a different pilot symbol sequence. Another specific implementation is that N... SF Even-numbered subframes within a subframe (e.g., subframe 0, subframe 2, subframe 4, subframe 6, etc.) all use a single pilot symbol sequence, N. SF The odd-numbered subframes (e.g., subframe 1, subframe 3, subframe 5, subframe 7, etc.) all use a different pilot symbol sequence. It should be understood that the specific values ​​of the pilot symbols are not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0261] In each subframe of the data frame, every consecutive N PG Each symbol includes a pilot symbol located at a fixed position. Typically, N PG =32 or 64 or 96 or 128, etc. It should be understood that each consecutive N... PG The positions of the pilot symbols in each symbol are fixed, and there is an equal interval between two consecutive pilot symbols in a subframe. Each subframe contains N symbols. S =N PG ×N PS Each symbol. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the pilot symbol is located in every consecutive N symbols. PG The pilot symbol can be located at the starting position of each of the N consecutive symbols. Of course, the pilot symbol can be located at every consecutive N... PG Any position among the symbols, without limitation here. The N PG The parameter is also called pilot spacing or pilot distance.

[0262] As shown in Figure 5, one subframe in the data frame contains N TS training symbols and N PS In addition to the pilot symbols, it also contains N FAW A frame synchronization symbol. For example, a frame synchronization symbol is used for the synchronization of data frames. Alternatively, a frame synchronization symbol can also be used together with a training symbol for the synchronization of data frames. A frame synchronization symbol can also be called a multi-frame alignment signal.

[0263] It should be understood, as shown in Figure 5, that N FAW The synchronization symbols in each frame are arranged consecutively, meaning that N in a data frame SF Of the N subframes, only one subframe contains N. FAW Each frame is a synchronization symbol. In some specific applications, N FAW The frame synchronization symbol is located at N. TS After each training symbol, and N FAW The frame synchronization symbol is immediately next to N.TS N training symbols. SF Except for one subframe that uses the structure shown in Figure 5, the other N subframes... SF The structure of each subframe is shown in Figure 6, excluding the frame synchronization symbol.

[0264] In some possible scenarios, N SF Each subframe in a subframe can also be free of reserved symbols, i.e., N SF The structure of each subframe in the N subframes is shown in Figure 6. For ease of explanation, the embodiments of this application all use N. SF This section will use an example where one subframe includes a frame synchronization symbol.

[0265] It should be noted that the data frame also contains N RES These reserved symbols are set aside for other uses, such as optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) measurement, end-to-end (E2E) delay measurement, back-channel representation, and transmitter impairment feature representation, including but not limited to I / Q skew. The values ​​of the reserved symbols can be partially known and invariant, or they can be randomly generated. In some specific applications, reserved symbols are also called fixed stuff (FS).

[0266] In future specific applications, some of the reserved symbols may be used as the aforementioned state indicators, adopting other names, such as those for optical signal-to-noise ratio measurement, end-to-end delay measurement, return channel transmission, and transmitter impairment feature representation. These reserved symbols will still be considered reserved symbols. In some scenarios, the return channel is also called the feedback channel. In a data frame, all symbols except for the payload symbols (also called pre-framing symbols), training symbols, and pilot symbols are considered reserved symbols. If the data frame includes frame synchronization symbols, all symbols except for the payload symbols (also called pre-framing symbols), training symbols, pilot symbols, and frame synchronization symbols are considered reserved symbols. In other words, regardless of how some reserved symbols in the reserved symbol sequence are defined or renamed in the future, they still occupy reserved symbol positions and are essentially still reserved symbols. Therefore, as long as they occupy the reserved symbol positions provided in this application, regardless of their future use, definition, or name, these symbols can still be considered reserved symbols.

[0267] Typically, reserved symbols are symbols on the modulation constellation diagram used. For example, in 16QAM modulation, each reserved symbol is one of the 16 constellation point symbols in the 16QAM constellation diagram; as another example, in QPSK modulation, each reserved symbol is one of the 4 constellation point symbols in the QPSK constellation diagram.

[0268] In this embodiment of the application, N RES The distribution of the reserved symbols in a data frame is relatively scattered, N RES The reserved symbols are located in at least two subframes of the data frame. That is, each of the at least two subframes of the data frame contains one or more reserved symbols. Therefore, the reserved symbols have high resistance to burst errors and good reliability. It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, N... SF The subframes arranged sequentially within a subframe are named subframe 0, subframe 1, subframe 2, ..., subframe N. SF -1, or, in the embodiments of this application, N can be... SF The subframes arranged sequentially within a set of subframes are called the 0th subframe, the 1st subframe, the 2nd subframe, ..., the Nth subframe, respectively. SF -1 subframe. This application's embodiments do not limit N. SF Which specific subframe includes the frame synchronization symbol (as shown in Figure 5) will be discussed below using subframe 0 (which adopts the structure shown in Figure 5) as an example for ease of explanation. This includes subframes 1 to N. SF -1 does not include frame synchronization symbols (subframe 1 to subframe N). SF -1 adopts the structure shown in Figure 6).

[0269] The following describes a specific implementation of the data frame. As shown in Figure 5, a subframe in the data frame contains N. TS training symbols, N PS pilot symbols, N FAW Each frame synchronization symbol, N R0 One reserved symbol and multiple pre-frame (payload) symbols, of which 0 <N R0 <N RES As shown in Figure 6, another subframe in the data frame contains N TS training symbols, N PS pilot symbols, N R1 One reserved symbol and multiple pre-frame (payload) symbols, of which 0 <N R1 <N RES .

[0270] In some specific applications, when N is included SF In the data frames of the subframes, subframe 0 adopts the structure shown in Figure 5, and subframes 1 to N... SF-1 out of N SF -1 subframes all adopt the structure shown in Figure 6, and N SF -1 subframes all contain N R1 One reserved symbol. At this point, N R0 +(N SF -1)×N R1 =N RES In other words, reserved symbols are distributed in each subframe of the data frame, so that the distribution of reserved symbols in the data frame is as dispersed as possible, which is more conducive to improving the resistance to burst errors and the reliability of transmission.

[0271] In some specific applications, when N is included SF In the data frames of the subframes, subframe 0 adopts the structural diagram shown in Figure 5, and subframes 1 to N... SF -1 out of N SF -1 subframes all adopt the structural diagram shown in Figure 6. N SF The number of reserved symbols contained in each of the -1 subframes is not exactly the same. In one specific embodiment, N SF N in -1 subframe SF0 Each subframe contains N R1 One reserved symbol, N SF -1 subframe N SF1 Each subframe contains N R2 One reserved symbol, namely N R0 +N SF0 ×N R1 +N SF1 ×N R2 =N RES And N R1 ≠N R2 In other words, the number of reserved symbols distributed in each subframe of the data frame can be flexibly configured, enriching the implementation methods. Furthermore, N SF0 The number of pre-framing symbols is the same in each of the N subframes, and N SF1 The number of pre-framing symbols is the same in each subframe, making the structure of each subframe more uniform and reducing the implementation cost.

[0272] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a subframe in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 7, in a specific embodiment, N in the data frame SF At least one subframe contains only N. TS training symbols, N PSThere are one pilot symbol and multiple pre-frame (payload) symbols. That is, the subframe shown in Figure 7 does not contain reserved symbols. In other words, at least one subframe in the data frame does not contain reserved symbols, which is equivalent to not requiring every subframe to have reserved symbols. This allows for flexible allocation across subframes based on the total number of reserved symbols, thus adapting to more scenarios.

[0273] In some specific applications, N is included SF In the data frame of N subframes, subframe 0 adopts the structure shown in Figure 5, that is, it contains N R0 One reserved symbol; subframe 1 adopts the structure shown in Figure 6, that is, it contains N R1 One reserved symbol; subframes 2 to N SF -1 out of N SF Both subframes adopt the structure shown in Figure 7, meaning they do not contain reserved symbols. That is, the N... RES The reserved symbols are located in subframe 0 and subframe 1, and there are N R0 +N R1 =N RES In other words, in the scene, preserving symbols concentrated in two subframes has a lower implementation cost.

[0274] The following describes another specific implementation of the data frame. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a subframe in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 8, a subframe in a data frame contains N TS training symbols, N PS pilot symbols, N FAW One frame synchronization symbol and multiple pre-frame (payload) symbols. As shown in Figure 6, another subframe in the data frame contains N TS training symbols, N PS pilot symbols, N R1 One reserved symbol and multiple pre-frame (payload) symbols, of which 0 <N R1 <N RES .

[0275] In some specific applications, when N is included SF In the data frames of the subframes, subframe 0 adopts the structure shown in Figure 8, and subframes 1 to N... SF -1 out of N SF -1 subframes all adopt the structure shown in Figure 6, and N SF -1 subframes all contain N R1 One reserved symbol. At this point, (N) SF -1)×N R1 =N RES In other words, subframe 0, which includes frame synchronization symbols, may not include reserved symbols, allowing for flexible allocation across subframes based on the total number of reserved symbols, thus adapting to more scenarios. Furthermore, NSF -1 The number of pre-framing symbols in each subframe is the same, making the structure of each subframe more uniform and the implementation cost lower.

[0276] In some specific applications, when N is included SF In the data frames of the subframes, subframe 0 adopts the structure shown in Figure 8, and subframes 1 to N... SF -1 out of N SF -1 subframes all adopt the structure shown in Figure 6, N SF The number of reserved symbols contained in each of the -1 subframes is not exactly the same. In one specific embodiment, N SF N in -1 subframe SF0 Each subframe contains N R1 One reserved symbol, N SF -1 subframe N SF1 Each subframe contains N R2 There are N reserved symbols. SF0 ×N R1 +N SF1 ×N R2 =N RES And N R1 ≠N R2 In other words, the number of reserved symbols distributed in each subframe other than subframe 0 in the data frame can be flexibly configured, enriching the implementation methods. Furthermore, N SF0 The number of pre-framing symbols is the same in each of the N subframes, and N SF1 The number of pre-framing symbols is the same in each subframe, making the structure of each subframe more uniform and reducing the implementation cost.

[0277] It should be noted that, in another specific embodiment, subframes 1 to N SF -1 out of N SF -At least one subframe in a subframe contains only N TS training symbols, N PS One pilot symbol and multiple pre-frame (payload) symbols. That is, as shown in Figure 7, the subframe does not contain reserved symbols.

[0278] Typically, in subframes that include frame synchronization symbols, as shown in Figures 5 and 8, the training symbols precede the frame synchronization symbols, and the frame synchronization symbols precede the pre-framing symbols. In subframes that include frame synchronization symbols, as shown in Figure 5, the frame synchronization symbols precede the reserved symbols. In some specific applications, in each subframe, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, all reserved symbols precede the pre-framing symbols.

[0279] Typically, within each subframe, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, the reserved symbols are arranged consecutively. It should be understood that if the reserved symbols were more dispersed within a subframe, reliability could be further improved, but this would lead to greater hardware complexity. RES The reserved symbols are distributed across multiple subframes, but within each subframe, they are arranged consecutively. This improves the reliability of the reserved symbols while simplifying the hardware implementation. In other words, this implementation strikes a balance between reliability and complexity.

[0280] 102. The sending end sends a data frame to the receiving end.

[0281] It should be noted that the data transmission method provided in this application can be used in single-carrier transmission scenarios as well as multi-subcarrier transmission scenarios. For multi-subcarrier transmission scenarios, taking the sending end transmitting W data frames as an example, the W data frames are carried on W subcarriers, with each subcarrier carrying one of the W data frames. The W subcarriers are multiplexed to obtain one signal, which is then transmitted. Subcarrier multiplexing can also be called digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM). In some specific scenarios, a subcarrier is also simply called a carrier. Considering that each subcarrier uses a different frequency, subcarrier multiplexing is also called frequency division multiplexing (FDM), and the transmission scheme is also called a DSCM scheme or an FDM scheme. For the receiving end, the received signal is demultiplexed to obtain W received sub-signals, each corresponding to one of the W subcarriers. Each of the W subcarriers contains multiple received data frames. The data frames received by the receiving end are those transmitted through the channel, which can be understood as distorted signals affected by noise or other impairments in the channel. In other words, the data frames received by the receiver are different from those sent by the transmitter. For example, the data frames received by the receiver and those sent by the transmitter are not aligned. Furthermore, a data frame corresponding to one of the W subcarriers is not aligned with a data frame corresponding to another subcarrier. The receiver needs to perform frame synchronization based on frame synchronization symbols or training symbols and perform deskew processing on the data between subcarriers to obtain the corresponding W transmitted data frames. After receiving the data frames, the receiver performs signal processing on the received data frames, including dispersion compensation, synchronization, and phase recovery.

[0282] It should be noted that, in the digital subcarrier implementation described above, the baud rate corresponding to each subcarrier is 1 / W of the transmitted signal baud rate. The digital subcarrier implementation reduces the complexity of dispersion compensation and the overhead of Enhanced Equalization Phase Noise (EEPN), resulting in lower DSP power consumption. Typically, W takes values ​​of 2, 4, 8, or 16.

[0283] 103. The receiving end performs signal processing on the received data frames.

[0284] It should be understood that the data frame received by the receiving end has been transmitted through the channel, which can be understood as a distorted signal affected by noise or other impairments in the channel. That is, the data frame received by the receiving end is different from the data frame sent by the transmitting end; for example, the data frame received by the receiving end is not aligned with the data frame sent by the transmitting end. The receiving end needs to perform frame synchronization based on frame synchronization symbols or training symbols to obtain the corresponding transmitted data frame and perform signal processing. The specific operations performed by the receiving end after receiving the data frame will not be described in detail in this application; for details, please refer to the system structure diagram shown in Figure 1. For example, the receiving end DSP processor performs signal processing on the received data frame, including dispersion compensation, synchronization, and phase recovery.

[0285] In some application scenarios, the receiver performs signal processing on the data frame to detect the impairment characteristics of the transmitter, such as I / Q offset (skew). The receiver then uses the in-band back-to-back method to resample the in-band impairment characteristics of the transmitter and send them back to the transmitter using reserved symbols, so as to support the transmitter in impairment compensation and thus improve the overall transmission quality.

[0286] Table 1 below shows some combinations of data frame parameters. Specifically, in any polarization direction, the number of pre-framing symbols contained in the data frame is denoted as N. pd The number of subframes contained in a data frame is denoted as N. SF The number of symbols contained in each subframe is denoted as N. S The number of symbols contained in a data frame is denoted as N. F The number of pilot symbols contained in each subframe is denoted as N. PS And every consecutive N PG Each symbol contains one pilot symbol, and the number of frame synchronization symbols in a data frame is denoted as N. FAW The number of training symbols contained in each subframe is denoted as N. TS The number of reserved symbols contained in a data frame is denoted as N. RES .

[0287] Table 1

[0288] It should be noted that there are many possible combinations of data frame parameters. The above provides some better combinations of data frame parameters, which have lower data frame redundancy, resulting in a lower overall baud rate and better transmission performance.

[0289] The following provides several possible distribution methods for reserved symbols in data frames.

[0290] In some specific applications, N RES The reserved symbols are distributed across two subframes within the data frame. For example, N RES The reserved symbols are located in subframes 0 and 1 distributed in the data frame, where subframe 0 contains N RES N in the reserved symbols R0 One reserved symbol, subframe 1 contains N RES N in the reserved symbols R1 One reserved symbol, N R0 +N R1 =N RES In some specific embodiments, N R0 =N R1 =N RES / 2. In some other specific embodiments, subframe 0 also includes N FAW N frame synchronization symbols, and N R0 +N FAW =N R1 At this point, the number of pre-framing symbols in subframe 0 and subframe 1 is the same, and the remaining N SF The number of pre-framing symbols is the same in both subframes, the data frame structure is relatively simple, and the implementation cost is low.

[0291] In some specific applications, N RES N reserved symbols are distributed in the data frame. SF -1 subframes. For example, containing N. SF Subframe 0 of the data frame contains N. FAW N frame synchronization symbols, excluding reserved symbols; RES The reserved symbols are located in the remaining N of the data frame. SF -1 subframes, one of which contains N RES N in the reserved symbols R0 One reserved symbol, N SF Each of the two subframes contains N. RES N in the reserved symbols R1 One reserved symbol, namely N R0 +(N SF -2)×N R1 =NRES At this point, the remaining N SF The number of pre-framing symbols is the same in both subframes, resulting in a simpler data frame structure and lower implementation cost. As an example, As another example, As yet another example, As another example, here, This indicates rounding down the real number 'a'. At this point, N in the data frame... RES The reserved symbols are distributed across multiple subframes, exhibiting high resistance to burst errors and good reliability, making them well-suited for various future coherent transmission scenarios.

[0292] In some specific applications, N RES N reserved symbols are distributed in the data frame. SF Within each subframe. For example, containing N... SF Subframe 0 of the data frame contains N. FAW Each frame synchronization symbol and N RES N in the reserved symbols R0 One reserved symbol, the remaining N in the data frame SF Each subframe in the -1 subframe contains N RES N in the reserved symbols R1 One reserved symbol, namely N R0 +(N SF -1)×N R1 =N RES At this point, the remaining N SF The number of pre-framing symbols is the same in each subframe, resulting in a simpler data frame structure and lower implementation cost. As an example, As another example, As yet another example, As another example, here, This indicates rounding down the real number 'a'. At this point, N in the data frame... RES The reserved symbols are distributed across multiple subframes, exhibiting high resistance to burst errors and good reliability, making them well-suited for various future coherent transmission scenarios. Furthermore, when N... FAW +N R0 =N R1 At that time, all N in the data frame SF The number of pre-framing symbols in each subframe is the same, making the data frame structure simpler and the implementation cost lower.

[0293] In some specific applications, N RES N reserved symbols are distributed in the data frame. RES In each subframe, N RES Each subframe in the N subframes contains N RES One of the reserved symbols in N is a reserved symbol. RES <N SF In other words, in scenarios where the number of seed frames exceeds the number of reserved symbols, this method allows the reserved symbols to be distributed more evenly across the corresponding subframes, which is more conducive to improving burst error resistance and transmission reliability.

[0294] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe of N subframes is 26, and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of reserved symbols in the first subframe is 48, and no reserved symbols are included in any of the other subframes except for the 0th and 1st subframes.

[0295] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF In the 0th subframe of N subframes, the number of reserved symbols is 0 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of symbols reserved in the first subframe is 8, and the number of symbols reserved in each of the other subframes, excluding the 0th and 1st subframes, is 3.

[0296] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 5 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 3.

[0297] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =74, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 28 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0298] In some possible implementations, N SF= The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe of N subframes is 8, and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of reserved symbols in the first subframe of the subframe is 30, and the other subframes, except for the 0th and 1st subframes, do not include reserved symbols.

[0299] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF In the 0th subframe of N subframes, the number of reserved symbols is 0 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of symbols reserved in the first subframe is 8, and the number of symbols reserved in each of the other subframes, excluding the 0th and 1st subframes, is 3.

[0300] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 5 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 3.

[0301] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 16 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0302] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =38, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 27 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0303] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe of N subframes is 38, and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SFThe number of reserved symbols is 60 in the first subframe of the subframe, and no reserved symbols are included in the other subframes except for the 0th and 1st subframes.

[0304] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF In the 0th subframe of N subframes, the number of reserved symbols is 0 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. SF The number of symbols reserved in the first subframe of the subframe is 10, and the number of symbols reserved in each of the other subframes, except for the 0th and 1st subframes, is 4.

[0305] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 6 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 4.

[0306] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 29 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 3.

[0307] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 52 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0308] In some possible implementations, N SF =The number of reserved symbols included in the 24 subframes is N RES =98, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 75 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0309] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in the 6 subframes is N RES =98, in NSF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 8 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 18.

[0310] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =26, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 4 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0311] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in 12 subframes is N RES =26, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 15 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0312] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in the 6 subframes is N RES =8, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 4 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 2.

[0313] In some possible implementations, N SF = The number of reserved symbols included in the 6 subframes is N RES =8, in N SF The number of reserved symbols in the 0th subframe is 3 and the number of frame synchronization symbols is 22. The number of reserved symbols in each of the other subframes is 1.

[0314] The following describes some specific embodiments based on the data frames provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0315] Example 1: Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of one implementation of the data frame in this application. As shown in Figure 9, in one polarization direction, the number of symbols before framing is N. pd =172032. The bits corresponding to the symbols before framing are obtained through Open FEC (OFEC) encoding. The data frame uses the parameter combination of sequence number 1 in Table 1, where each parameter is shown in Table 2 below:

[0316] Table 2

[0317] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the distribution of reserved symbols in subframes of a data frame according to this application. As shown in Figure 10, the specific structure of 24 subframes in a data frame is given, where N RES = 74 reserved symbols are located in 2 subframes. Subframe 0 contains N R0 =26 reserved symbols, subframe 1 contains N R1 = 48 reserved symbols, and no reserved symbols are included in subframes 2 to 23.

[0318] It should be noted that in this embodiment, N R0 +N FAW =N R1 =48, meaning the number of pre-framing symbols in subframe 0 and subframe 1 is the same. Furthermore, the number of pre-framing symbols in subframes 2 to 23 is also the same. As can be seen from Figure 10, the specific data frame structure provided in this embodiment is relatively simple and easy to implement in hardware.

[0319] Example 2: Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in the subframes of the data frame in this application embodiment. Based on Example 1, considering the data frame structure shown in Figure 9, the specific structure of the 24 subframes in the data frame is shown in Figure 11, where N RES =74 reserved symbols are located in N SF -1 = 23 subframes.

[0320] Consider N R1 =3, N R0 =N RES -(N SF -2)×N R1 =74-22×3=8. Here, This indicates rounding down the real number 'a'. In this case, subframe 0 does not contain the reserved sign, and subframe 1 contains N. R0 =8 reserved symbols, subframes 2 to 23 each contain N R1 = 3 reserved symbols.

[0321] Example 3: Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in the subframes of the data frame in this application. Based on Example 1, considering the data frame structure shown in Figure 9, the specific structure of the 24 subframes in the data frame is shown in Figure 12, where N RES =74 reserved symbols are located in all N SF = In 24 subframes.

[0322] Consider N R1 =3, N R0 =N RES -(N SF -1)×NR1 =74 - 23 × 3 = 5. At this time, subframe 0 contains N. R0 =5 reserved symbols, subframes 1 to 23 each contain N R1 = 3 reserved symbols.

[0323] As can be seen from Figure 12, the number of pre-framing symbols is the same in subframes 1 to 23. Therefore, the specific data frame structure given in this embodiment is relatively simple and easy to implement in hardware.

[0324] Example 4: Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in the subframes of the data frame in this application. Based on Example 1, considering the data frame structure shown in Figure 9, the specific structure of the 24 subframes in the data frame is shown in Figure 13, where N RES =74 reserved symbols are located in all N SF = In 24 subframes.

[0325] Consider N R1 =2, N R0 =N RES -(N SF -1)×N R1 =74 - 23 × 2 = 28. At this time, subframe 0 contains N. R0 = 28 reserved symbols, subframes 1 to 23 each contain N R1 = 2 reserved symbols.

[0326] As can be seen from Figure 13, the number of pre-framing symbols is the same in subframes 1 to 23. Therefore, the specific data frame structure given in this embodiment is relatively simple and easy to implement in hardware.

[0327] Example 5: Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the data frame in this application. As shown in Figure 14, in one polarization direction, the number of symbols before framing is N. pd =172032. The bits corresponding to the symbols before framing are obtained through OFEC encoding. The data frame uses the parameter combination of sequence number 2 in Table 1, where each parameter is shown in Table 3 below:

[0328] Table 3

[0329] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in subframes of a data frame according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 15 shows the specific structure of 12 subframes in a data frame, where N RES = 38 reserved symbols are located in 2 subframes. Subframe 0 contains N R0 =8 reserved symbols, subframe 1 contains N R1 = 30 reserved symbols, and no reserved symbols are included in subframes 2 to 11.

[0330] It should be noted that in this embodiment, N R0 +N FAW =N R1 =30, meaning the number of pre-frame symbols in subframe 0 and subframe 1 is the same. Furthermore, the number of pre-frame symbols in subframes 2 to 23 is also the same. As can be seen from Figure 15, the specific data frame structure provided in this embodiment is relatively simple and easy to implement in hardware.

[0331] Example 6: Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in the subframes of the data frame in this application embodiment. Based on Example 5, considering the data frame structure shown in Figure 14, the specific structure of the 12 subframes in the data frame is shown in Figure 16, where N RES =38 reserved symbols are located in N SF -1 = 11 subframes.

[0332] Consider N R1 =3, N R0 =N RES -(N SF -2)×N R1 =38 - 10 × 3 = 8. Subframe 0 does not contain reserved symbols, subframe 1 contains N. R0 =8 reserved symbols, subframes 2 to 11 each contain N R1 = 3 reserved symbols.

[0333] Example 7: Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in the subframes of the data frame in this application. Based on Example 5, considering the data frame structure shown in Figure 14, the specific structure of the 12 subframes in the data frame is shown in Figure 17, where N RES =38 reserved symbols are located in all N SF = In 12 subframes.

[0334] Consider N R1 =3, N R0 =N RES -(N SF -1)×N R1 =38 - 11 × 3 = 5. At this time, subframe 0 contains N. R0 =5 reserved symbols, each of subframes 1 to 11 contains N R1 = 3 reserved symbols.

[0335] As can be seen from Figure 17, the number of pre-framing symbols is the same in subframes 1 to 11. Therefore, the specific data frame structure given in this embodiment is relatively simple and easy to implement in hardware.

[0336] Example 8: Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in the subframes of the data frame in this application embodiment. Based on Example 5, considering the data frame structure shown in Figure 14, the specific structure of the 12 subframes in the data frame is shown in Figure 18, where N RES =38 reserved symbols are located in N SF = In 12 subframes.

[0337] Consider N R1 =2, N R0 =N RES -(N SF -1)×N R1 =38 - 11 × 2 = 16. At this time, subframe 0 contains N. R0 =16 reserved symbols, subframes 1 to 11 each contain N R1 = 2 reserved symbols.

[0338] Referring to Figure 18, it can also be seen that the number of pre-framing symbols in subframes 1 to 11 is the same. Therefore, the specific data frame structure given in this embodiment is relatively simple and easy to implement in hardware.

[0339] Example 9: Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the data frame in this application. As shown in Figure 19, in one polarization direction, the number of symbols before framing is N. pd =344064. The bits corresponding to the symbols before framing are obtained through OFEC encoding. The data frame uses the parameter combination of sequence number 3 in Table 1, and the parameters are shown in Table 4 below:

[0340] Table 4

[0341] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in subframes of a data frame according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 20 shows the specific structure of 24 subframes in a data frame, where N RES = 98 reserved symbols are located in 2 subframes. Subframe 0 contains N R0 = 38 reserved symbols, subframe 1 contains N R1 = 60 reserved symbols, and no reserved symbols are included in subframes 2 to 23.

[0342] It should be noted that in this embodiment, N R0 +N FAW =N R1 =98, meaning the number of pre-frame symbols in subframe 0 and subframe 1 is the same. Furthermore, the number of pre-frame symbols in subframes 2 to 23 is also the same. Referring to Figure 20, it can be seen that the specific data frame structure given in this embodiment is relatively simple and easy to implement in hardware.

[0343] Example 10: Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in the subframes of the data frame in this application embodiment. Based on Example 9, considering the data frame structure shown in Figure 19, the specific structure of the 24 subframes in the data frame is shown in Figure 21, where N RES =98 reserved symbols are located in N SF -1 = 23 subframes.

[0344] Consider N R1 =4, N R0 =N RES -(N SF -2)×N R1 =98 - 22 × 4 = 10. At this point, subframe 0 does not contain reserved symbols, and subframe 1 contains N. R0 =10 reserved symbols, subframes 2 to 23 each contain N R1 = 4 reserved symbols.

[0345] Example 11: Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in the subframes of the data frame in this application. Based on Example 9, considering the data frame structure shown in Figure 19, the specific structure of the 24 subframes in the data frame is shown in Figure 22, where N RES = 98 reserved symbols are located in all N SF = In 24 subframes.

[0346] Consider N R1 =4, N R0 =N RES -(N SF -1)×N R1 =98-23×4=6. At this time, subframe 0 contains N. R0 = 6 reserved symbols, subframes 1 to 23 each contain N R1 = 4 reserved symbols.

[0347] As can be seen from Figure 22, the number of pre-framing symbols is the same in subframes 1 to 23. Therefore, the specific data frame structure given in this embodiment is relatively simple and easy to implement in hardware.

[0348] Example 12: Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the data frame in this application. As shown in Figure 23, in one polarization direction, the number of symbols before framing is N. pd =172032. The bits corresponding to the symbols before framing are obtained through OFEC encoding. The data frame uses the parameter combination of sequence number 23 in Table 1, and the parameters are shown in Table 5 below:

[0349] Table 5

[0350] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the distribution of reserved symbols in subframes of a data frame in this application. Figure 24 shows the specific structure of the six subframes in the data frame, where N RES = 98 reserved symbols are located in all N SF = In 6 subframes.

[0351] consider N R0 =N RES -(N SF -1)×N R1 =98-5×18=8. At this time, subframe 0 contains N. R0 =8 reserved symbols, subframes 1 to 5 each contain N R1 =18 reserved symbols.

[0352] As can be seen from Figure 24, the number of pre-framing symbols is the same in subframes 1 to 5. Therefore, the specific data frame structure given in this embodiment is relatively simple and easy to implement in hardware.

[0353] It should be noted that in some other specific embodiments, N RES = 98 reserved symbols are located in all N SF =Of the 6 subframes, subframe 0 contains N R0 =13 reserved symbols, each contained in subframes 1 to 5. A reserved symbol. In some other specific embodiments, N... RES = 98 reserved symbols are located in all N SF =Of the 6 subframes, subframe 0 contains N R0 =18 reserved symbols, each contained in subframes 1 to 5. Reserved symbols.

[0354] It should be noted that for other data frame structures in Table 1, the specific distribution of reserved symbols can be extended by referring to the above embodiments one to twelve.

[0355] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission device according to an embodiment of this application. This data transmission device is applied at the transmitting end. As shown in Figure 25, the data transmission device includes a processing unit 201 and a transmitting unit 202. The processing unit 201 is used to execute the operation of step 101 in the above embodiment, and the transmitting unit 202 is used to execute the operation of step 102 in the above embodiment.

[0356] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the data transmission device in an embodiment of this application. This data transmission device is applied at the receiving end. As shown in Figure 26, the data transmission device includes a receiving unit 302, which is used to perform the operation of step 102 in the above embodiment. Optionally, the data transmission device further includes a processing unit 301, which is used to perform the operation of step 103 in the above embodiment.

[0357] It should be understood that the data transmission devices provided in Figures 25 and 26 can also be implemented in other ways. For example, the unit division in the above devices is only a logical functional division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system. In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application may be integrated into one processing unit, or they may be independent physical units, or two or more functional units may be integrated into one processing unit. The integrated units described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional units.

[0358] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of an optical module structure according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 27, the optical module includes a processor 401 and an interface 402. The interface 402 can be a transceiver or an input / output interface, and is used to receive signals from other devices and transmit them to the processor 401 or to send signals from the processor 401 to other devices. Optionally, the optical module may also include a memory 403, wherein the memory 403 is used to store program instructions and data.

[0359] In one possible scenario, the optical module is used at the transmitting end, and the processor 401 is used to execute the operation of step 101 in the above embodiments. For example, the processor 401 includes the processing unit 201 shown in FIG25. As an example, the processor 401 executes the operation of step 101 in the above embodiments to obtain a data frame and sends the data frame through interface 402. In this example, interface 402 may specifically refer to an electrical interface. As another example, the processor 401 executes the operation of step 101 in the above embodiments to obtain a data frame, and the modulator in the optical module performs signal processing such as electro-optic conversion according to the data frame to obtain an optical signal, and then sends the optical signal through interface 402. In this example, interface 402 may specifically refer to an optical interface.

[0360] In another possible scenario, the optical module is applied at the receiving end, and the processor 401 is used to execute the operation of step 103 in the above embodiments. For example, the processor 401 includes the processing unit 301 shown in FIG26. As an example, the interface receives an optical signal transmitted through the channel, the demodulator in the optical module performs signal processing such as photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain a data frame, and the processor 401 executes the operation of step 103 in the above embodiments on the second data frame. In this example, the interface 402 may specifically refer to an optical interface. As another example, the demodulator in the optical module performs signal processing such as photoelectric conversion on the received optical signal to obtain a data frame, and transmits the second data frame to the processor 401 through the interface 402. The processor 401 executes the operation of step 103 in the above embodiments on the second data frame. In this example, the interface 402 may specifically refer to an electrical interface.

[0361] Typically, an optical module consists of optoelectronic devices, a processor, and an interface. The optoelectronic devices include transmitting and receiving devices. The transmitting end of the optical module converts electrical signals into optical signals and transmits them through optical fibers. The receiving end of the optical module receives the optical signals and converts them back into electrical signals.

[0362] It should be noted that the types of optical modules in this application embodiment include, but are not limited to, normal optical modules, near package optics (NPO) modules, and co-packaged optics (CPO) modules. Normal optical modules can perform functions including, but not limited to, digital signal processing (DSP) and clock data recovery (CDR). For example, a normal optical module converts analog signals to digital signals, performs DSP on the digital signals, and then converts them back to analog signals before sending them to the host device. Because DSP requires retiming, a normal optical module can also be called a retimed module. Normal optical modules are connected to the host device via an attachment unit interface (AUI). NPO and CPO modules do not have pluggable physical packaging and are closer to the host device. NPO and CPO modules can also be called optical engines. NPO or CPO technology is a technology that "packages" the host device (or host chip) and the optical engine. When NPO technology is used to encapsulate the host-side device and the optical engine, the optical engine can be called an NPO module. When CPO technology is used to encapsulate the host-side device and the optical engine, the optical engine can be called a CPO module.

[0363] Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 28, the network device includes a host-side device 501 and an optical module 502. In one possible scenario, the network device acts as a data transmitter, with the host-side device 501 sending electrical signals to the optical module 502. The optical module 502 converts the electrical signals into optical signals and transmits them through a channel. In another possible scenario, the network device acts as a data receiver, with the optical module 502 converting the received optical signals into electrical signals and sending them to the host-side device 501. For example, the host-side device 501 may specifically be a switch, router, or server. It should be understood that the network device in this embodiment of the application has both transmitting and receiving functions.

[0364] This application also provides an Optical Transport Network (OTN) device, which includes line-side equipment and client-side equipment. The client-side equipment may also be referred to as a tributary-side equipment in some scenarios. The line-side equipment includes a processor and an interface. In one possible scenario, the OTN device is used at the transmitting end, and the processor is used to execute the operation of step 101 in the above embodiment. In another possible scenario, the OTN device is used at the receiving end, and the processor is used to execute the operation of step 103 in the above embodiment. The interface can be a transceiver or an input / output interface, used to receive signals from other devices besides the line-side equipment and transmit them to the processor, or to send signals from the processor to other devices besides the line-side equipment.

[0365] This application also provides a chip. The chip integrates circuitry for implementing the functions of the processor 401 described above, and one or more interfaces. As an example, the chip integrates a memory. As another example, when the chip does not integrate a memory, it can be connected to an external memory via the interface. The chip can perform the method steps of any one or more of the foregoing embodiments. Alternatively, the chip can implement the actions performed by the processing and transmission device in the foregoing embodiments based on program code stored in the memory.

[0366] As an example, the chip in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, any conventional processor, or a processing circuit that implements a specific function.

[0367] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium including a program or instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the method performed as described in the above method embodiments to be implemented.

[0368] It should be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware or software. When implemented in hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, integrated circuit, etc. When implemented in software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor that reads software code stored in memory. The memory can exist independently and be connected to the processor, or the memory can be integrated with the processor.

[0369] As an example, the processor in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, any conventional processor, or a processing circuit that implements a specific function.

[0370] In embodiments of this application, the memory may be random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, portable hard disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium may also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium may reside in an ASIC. Additionally, the ASIC may reside in a network device or a terminal device. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium may exist as discrete components in the network device or terminal device.

[0371] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented entirely or partially by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof.

[0372] When implemented in hardware, the data transmission method provided in this application embodiment may be implemented without reading software code or instructions. For example, it may be implemented by CPU, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof.

[0373] When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions of the embodiments of this application are performed. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a terminal device, or other programmable device. The computer program or instructions can be stored in or transmitted through a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access, or a data storage device such as a server that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or magnetic tape; it can also be an optical medium, such as a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD); or it can be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid-state disk (SSD).

[0374] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

A data transmission method, characterized in that, include: Transmit a data frame, wherein the data frame includes N in one polarization direction. SF N subframes, the N SF N is an integer greater than 1. SF Each subframe in the N subframes includes training symbols and pilot symbols. SF At least two subframes in each subframe include reserved symbols. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The N SF There are only N subframes X Each subframe includes a reserved symbol, 2≤N X <N SF . The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The N X Each subframe in the subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The N X The subframes include a first group of subframes and a second group of subframes. Each subframe in the first group of subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols, and each subframe in the second group of subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. However, the number of reserved symbols included in each subframe in the first group of subframes is different from the number of reserved symbols included in each subframe in the second group of subframes. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The N X Each subframe includes a first subframe and multiple second subframes, each of the multiple second subframes including the same number of reserved symbols. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The N X The subframes include N RES Each of the plurality of second subframes includes N reserved symbols. R1 Reserved symbols; or, or, or, in, This indicates rounding down the real number a. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The N X Each subframe in the subframes includes one reserved symbol. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, N X =2, the N X One of the subframes in the N subframes includes a frame synchronization symbol. X One of the subframes contains a number of reserved symbols and frame synchronization symbols equal to N. X The number of reserved symbols included in another subframe within a subframe. The method according to claim 3 or 7, characterized in that, N X =2, the N X One of the subframes includes a frame synchronization symbol. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that, The N X One of the subframes includes a frame synchronization symbol. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, In the N X In one of the subframes, all symbols other than the training symbols, the pilot symbols, the frame synchronization symbols, and the pre-framing symbols are reserved symbols. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that, The N SF In addition to the N in each subframe X One of the subframes other than the first subframe includes the frame synchronization symbol. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, In the N X In any subframe of the subframes, all symbols other than the training symbols, the pilot symbols, and the pre-framing symbols are reserved symbols. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that, N X =N SF -1。 The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The N SF Each subframe in the subframes includes reserved symbols. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, In the N SF In one of the subframes, all symbols other than the training symbols, pilot symbols, frame synchronization symbols, and pre-framing symbols are reserved symbols. In the N SF In any subframe other than the one containing the frame synchronization symbol, all symbols other than the training symbol, the pilot symbol, and the pre-framing symbol are reserved symbols. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, In addition to one of the subframes that includes the frame synchronization symbol, the N SF Each of the other subframes in the subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The N SF The subframes include N RES The N reserved symbols, except for one of the subframes that includes the frame synchronization symbol, are... SF Each of the other subframes in the N subframes includes N R1 Reserved symbols; or, or, or, in, This indicates rounding down the real number a. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The N SF One of the subframes includes N. R0 Reserved symbols and N FAW N frame synchronization symbols; except for one of the subframes including the frame synchronization symbols, the N SF Each of the other subframes in the N subframes includes N R1 One reserved symbol; N R0 +N FAW =N R1 . The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, In addition to one of the subframes that includes the frame synchronization symbol, the N SF Each subframe also includes a first group of subframes and a second group of subframes. Each subframe in the first group of subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols, and each subframe in the second group of subframes includes the same number of reserved symbols. However, the number of reserved symbols included in each subframe in the first group of subframes is different from the number of reserved symbols included in each subframe in the second group of subframes. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that, In a subframe that includes the reserved symbol, the training symbol is located before the reserved symbol. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The N SF Each subframe in the subframe also includes a pre-framing symbol, wherein in the subframe that includes the reserved symbol, the reserved symbol is located before the pre-framing symbol. The method according to claim 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20, characterized in that, In a subframe that includes the reserved symbol and the frame synchronization symbol, the training symbol is located before the frame synchronization symbol, and the frame synchronization symbol is located before the reserved symbol. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 23 is characterized in that, In a subframe that includes multiple reserved symbols, the multiple reserved symbols are arranged consecutively. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that, The N SF In each of the N consecutive subframes in the subframes PG Each symbol includes a pilot symbol, the N PG It is an integer greater than 1. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that, The N SF Each subframe in the subframe contains a symbol that serves as both a training symbol and a pilot symbol. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that, The W data frames transmitted are carried on W subcarriers, where W is an integer greater than 1. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that, The N SF At least one reserved symbol in each subframe is used for at least one of optical signal-to-noise ratio measurement, end-to-end delay measurement, backhaul transmission, and transmitter impairment feature representation. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that, In one polarization direction, the number of pre-framing symbols included in the data frame is N. pd The N SF Each subframe in the N subframes contains N symbols. S The data frame includes N symbols. F The N SF The number of pilot symbols included in each of the N subframes is N. PS The N SF In each of the N consecutive subframes in the subframes PG Each symbol includes a pilot symbol, and the number of frame synchronization symbols included in the data frame is N. FAW The N SF Each subframe in the N subframes contains N training symbols. TS The data frame includes N reserved symbols. RES , where N pd N SF N S N F N PS N PG N FAW N TS N RES The following table shows one of the following sets of correspondences: A data transmission method, characterized in that, include: Receive a second data frame transmitted through the channel from the first data frame, wherein the first data frame includes N in one polarization direction. SF N subframes, the N SF N is an integer greater than 1. SF Each subframe in the N subframes includes training symbols and pilot symbols. SF At least two subframes in each subframe include reserved symbols. A data transmission device, characterized in that, Includes a sending unit; The transmitting unit is configured to: transmit a data frame, wherein the data frame includes N in one polarization direction. SF N subframes, the N SF N is an integer greater than 1. SF Each subframe in the N subframes includes training symbols and pilot symbols. SF At least two subframes in each subframe include reserved symbols. A data transmission device, characterized in that, Includes a receiving unit; The receiving unit is configured to: receive a second data frame transmitted through the channel from the first data frame, wherein the first data frame includes N in one polarization direction. SF N subframes, the N SF N is an integer greater than 1. SF Each subframe in the N subframes includes training symbols and pilot symbols. SF At least two subframes in each subframe include reserved symbols. A chip characterized in that, The chip is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 30. An optical module, characterized in that, The optical module includes a processor and an interface, the interface being used for transmitting and receiving signals, and the processor being used for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 30. A network device, characterized in that, The network device includes a host-side device and an optical module as described in claim 34; the optical module is used to convert electrical signals from the host-side device into optical signals and transmit the optical signals, or the optical module is used to convert received optical signals into electrical signals and transmit the electrical signals to the host-side device. A communication system, characterized in that, It includes a plurality of network devices as described in claim 35, wherein the plurality of network devices are used to send optical signals to each other.

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