Safety hand-cranking mechanism for switch machine

Abstract

A safety hand-cranking mechanism for a switch machine, comprising a fixed sleeve (1), a first bevel gear (2) and a second bevel gear (3), wherein the fixed sleeve (1) is provided with two holes, the axes of the two holes intersecting. The end of a hand-cranking extension shaft (10) is located in one hole of the fixed sleeve (1), and the first bevel gear (2) is arranged at the end of the hand-cranking extension shaft (10). The other hole of the fixed sleeve (1) is adapted for insertion of a hand crank (9), and the second bevel gear (3) is arranged at the end of the hand crank (9). By inserting the hand crank (9) into the other hole of the fixed sleeve (1), the first bevel gear (2) and the second bevel gear (3) mesh with each other, enabling the switch machine to be driven by rotating the hand crank (9). An identification ring (4) is mounted in the hole of the fixed sleeve (1) adapted for insertion of the hand crank (9), and an identification column (5) is arranged in series with the second bevel gear (3) on the hand crank (9). The included angle between the hand crank (9) and the hand-cranking extension shaft (10) can be designed on the basis of requirements, thereby enhancing the flexibility in selecting the insertion position of the hand crank (9); in addition, corresponding identification between the switch machine and the hand crank (9) is realized, thereby improving safety.

Description

A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of railway turnout switching equipment technology, and in particular to a safety hand-crank mechanism for a turnout machine. Background Technology

[0002] Switch machines are typically operated manually using a hand crank. Most existing switch machines use a hand crank shaft and drive shaft parallel to each other for manual operation. For example, the hand crank head has a square sleeve, and the drive shaft extension at the reducer is a square shaft. After the square sleeve is inserted into the square shaft, the hand crank drives the drive shaft to rotate. This structure becomes difficult to implement when the direction of manual operation needs to be changed. For instance, if the user requires the hand crank to not be facing away from the turnout, some models must be designed with a structure that can be manually operated from both the left and right sides to meet the requirement of left-hand and right-hand mounting, increasing the complexity and cost of the manual crank structure. Furthermore, in some application scenarios, to ensure safety and prevent incorrect operation of the switch machine, a fixed hand crank is required to manually crank a fixed switch machine. This means that the hand crank and the switch machine need to be mutually identified and matched before manual operation can begin.

[0003] As shown in Figure 1, the existing hand crank mechanism of the switch machine is designed on the side of the machine cover, with the interface directly facing the hand crank extension shaft of the switch machine. This design only considers the convenience of the hand crank motor. When the internal structure of the switch machine changes, the availability of space for the hand crank mechanism cannot be guaranteed. At the same time, it does not consider the mutual identification between the hand crank handle and the switch machine, which reduces the safety when hand cranking. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides a safe hand-crank mechanism for switch machines, which solves the problems that existing switch machines cannot guarantee the availability of space for the hand-crank mechanism and do not consider the mutual identification between the hand crank and the switch machine, thus reducing the safety of hand-cranking.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a safety hand crank mechanism for a switch machine, including a hand crank handle and a hand crank extension shaft for driving the switch machine. The safety hand crank mechanism includes at least a fixed sleeve, a first bevel gear, and a second bevel gear. The fixed sleeve is fixed inside the switch machine and has two holes with intersecting axes. The hand crank extension shaft is located in one hole of the fixed sleeve, and the first bevel gear is located at the end of the hand crank extension shaft. The other hole of the fixed sleeve is used to insert the hand crank handle, and the second bevel gear is located at the end of the hand crank handle. The hand crank handle is inserted into the other hole of the fixed sleeve, causing the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear to mesh with each other, thereby driving the switch machine by rotating the hand crank handle.

[0007] An identification ring is installed in the hole on the fixed sleeve for inserting the hand crank. An identification post is arranged in series with the second bevel gear on the hand crank. The identification ring has a through hole, and the axis of the through hole is coaxial with the hole on the fixed sleeve for inserting the hand crank. The identification ring has a groove, and the identification post has a protrusion. When the groove and the protrusion are aligned, the identification post and the identification ring match when the protrusion enters the groove.

[0008] An insertion hole is provided where the axis of the machine cover or bottom shell intersects with the hole on the fixed sleeve for inserting the hand crank. An insertion cylinder is installed at the insertion hole. The end of the insertion cylinder exposed outside the machine cover or bottom shell is provided with a thread and a manual cover. The manual cover is threadedly connected to the insertion cylinder. After the manual cover is tightened, it seals the insertion cylinder. After the manual cover is loosened and removed, the hand crank is inserted and extends into the corresponding hole of the fixed sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, the identification ring is annular, with at least two grooves on the top of its ring wall, and the identification column has the same number of protrusions as the grooves. The outer enveloping cylinder of the protrusion is larger than the inner diameter of the identification ring, and the width of the protrusion is not greater than the width of the groove. When the position of the protrusion on the identification column corresponds to the position of the groove on the identification ring, all the protrusions can enter the groove of the identification ring simultaneously, and the identification column and the identification ring are matched. When at least one protrusion on the identification column does not correspond to the position of the groove on the identification ring, none of the protrusions can enter the groove of the identification ring, and the identification column and the identification ring are not matched.

[0010] Preferably, the identification ring rotates relative to the fixed sleeve, and the identification column is fixed relative to the second bevel gear. During the process of driving the switch machine with the hand crank, the identification ring and the second bevel gear rotate simultaneously.

[0011] Preferably, the identification ring is fixed relative to the fixed sleeve. After the identification post on the hand crank matches the identification ring, the hand crank rotates relative to the identification post, and the second bevel gear meshes with the first bevel gear to drive the switch machine.

[0012] Preferably, the insertion cylinder is welded to the machine cover or bottom shell, or the outer diameter of one end of the insertion cylinder is larger than the diameter of the insertion hole on the machine cover or bottom shell, and the other end has threads on its outer circumference. The insertion cylinder passes through the insertion hole from inside the switch machine, and the locking nut is screwed into the insertion cylinder from outside the switch machine to fix the insertion cylinder to the machine cover or bottom shell.

[0013] Preferably, the manual cover has a blind hole with threads inside, and the threads inside the blind hole of the manual cover are screwed onto the insertion cylinder; or the outer circumference of the manual cover has threads, and the inner hole of the insertion cylinder has threads, and the two are screwed together.

[0014] Preferably, the insertion cylinder has a sealing ring on its outer circumference, and the sealing ring is pressed tightly after the manual cover is screwed into the insertion cylinder; or the manual cover has a step at the end of the thread on its outer circumference, and a sealing ring is provided at the step, and the sealing ring is pressed tightly after the manual cover is screwed into the insertion cylinder.

[0015] Preferably, the manual cover has a circumferential groove on its outer periphery, and a rope is sleeved in the circumferential groove. The end of the rope is fixed to the insertion cylinder. After the manual cover is completely unscrewed from the insertion cylinder, it remains connected to the insertion cylinder through the rope.

[0016] Preferably, the protrusion on the identification column is a columnar or block-shaped object fixedly installed on the identification column, including a cylinder, a cylindrical head screw, or a cylindrical head bolt.

[0017] Preferably, the identification ring rotates relative to the fixed sleeve, and a bearing is installed in the corresponding hole of the fixed sleeve, with the identification ring positioned by the bearing.

[0018] Preferably, the identification ring is fixed relative to the fixed sleeve, the identification column rotates relative to the second bevel gear, and the identification column is sleeved on the hand crank shaft; or it is installed on the hand crank arm of the hand crank through a bearing assembly, and the second bevel gear rotates relative to the identification column.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned at least one technical solution adopted by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The fixing sleeve of this invention has two holes whose axes intersect. The end of the hand crank protruding shaft is located in one hole of the fixing sleeve, and the other hole of the fixing sleeve is used to insert the hand crank handle. Simultaneously, a first bevel gear is disposed at the end of the hand crank protruding shaft, and a second bevel gear is disposed at the end of the hand crank handle. Through the meshing relationship between the first and second bevel gears, the included angle between the hand crank handle and the hand crank protruding shaft can be designed as needed, and the insertion direction of the hand crank handle can be selected at an appropriate position within a 360-degree range based on the axis of the hand crank protruding shaft, greatly enhancing the flexibility of selecting the insertion position of the hand crank handle.

[0021] Simultaneously, a detection ring is set on the insertion path of the hand crank, and a detection post is set at the end of the hand crank. Only when the detection post matches the detection ring can the hand crank be fully inserted, satisfying the bevel gear meshing condition; otherwise, it cannot drive the hand crank extension shaft to rotate. This achieves corresponding identification between the switch machine and the hand crank, preventing incorrect hand cranking of the switch machine and increasing safety. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the existing hand-cranked mechanism of a switch machine;

[0024] Among them, Figure 1(a): Schematic diagram of the interface of the existing hand-crank mechanism of the switch machine, and Figure 1(b): Schematic diagram of the hand-crank extension shaft of the existing switch machine;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the safety hand-crank mechanism of the switch machine according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the identification and matching of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the identification rotating component of the present invention;

[0028] Among them, Figure 4(a): schematic diagram of the identification rotating assembly in which the identification ring rotates relative to the fixed sleeve, and Figure 4(b): schematic diagram of the identification rotating assembly in which the identification ring is fixed relative to the fixed sleeve.

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the manual cover mechanism of the switch machine according to the present invention;

[0030] Among them, Figure 5(a): ordinary manual cover mechanism; Figure 5(b): embedded manual cover mechanism;

[0031] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the hand crank structure of the present invention.

[0032] In the diagram, 1-fixed sleeve, 2-first bevel gear, 3-second bevel gear, 4-identification ring, 5-identification post, 6-insertion cylinder, 7-manual cover, 8-sealing ring, 9-hand crank, 10-hand crank extension shaft, 11-hand crank, 12-machine cover, 13-rope, 14-locking nut, 15-bearing, 16-bottom shell. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] This invention provides a safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine. Referring to Figures 2-6, it includes a hand crank 9 and a detection and rotation assembly outside the hand crank extension shaft 10 that drives the switch machine. The safety hand-crank mechanism of this invention includes at least a fixed sleeve 1, a first bevel gear 2, and a second bevel gear 3. The fixed sleeve 1 is fixedly mounted on the outer shell of the hand crank extension shaft 10 and has two holes whose axes intersect. The end of the hand crank extension shaft 10 is located in one hole of the fixed sleeve 1, and the first bevel gear 2 is disposed at the end of the hand crank extension shaft 10. The other hole of the fixed sleeve 1 is used to insert the hand crank 9, and the second bevel gear 3 is disposed at the end of the hand crank 9. When the hand crank 9 is inserted into the other hole of the fixed sleeve 1, the first bevel gear 2 and the second bevel gear 3 mesh with each other, driving the switch machine by rotating the hand crank 9.

[0035] An identification ring 4 is installed in the hole on the fixed sleeve 1 for inserting the hand crank 9. An identification post 5 is arranged in series with the second bevel gear 3 on the hand crank 9. The center of the identification ring 4 is a through hole, and the axis of the through hole is coaxial with the hole on the fixed sleeve 1 for inserting the hand crank 9. The identification ring 4 has a groove, and the identification post 5 has a protrusion. When the groove and the protrusion are aligned, the protrusion enters the groove, and the identification post 5 and the identification ring 4 are matched.

[0036] In this embodiment, the identification ring 4 is annular, with at least two grooves on the top of its ring wall. The identification post 5 has the same number of protrusions as the grooves, and the outer enveloping cylinder of the protrusion is larger than the inner diameter of the identification ring 4, with the width of the protrusion not exceeding the width of the groove. When the position of the protrusion on the identification post 5 corresponds to the position of the groove on the identification ring 4, all the protrusions can simultaneously enter the groove of the identification ring 4, and the identification post 5 and the identification ring 4 are matched. When at least one protrusion on the identification post 5 does not correspond to the position of the groove on the identification ring 4, none of the protrusions can enter the groove of the identification ring 4, and the identification post 5 and the identification ring 4 are not matched.

[0037] In this embodiment, in order to enable the first bevel gear 2 to drive the rotation of the second bevel gear 3, the identification ring 4 can rotate relative to the fixed sleeve 1, and the identification column 5 is fixed relative to the second bevel gear 3. During the process of driving the switch machine with the hand crank 9, the hand crank 9 drives the identification column 5 to rotate, which in turn drives the identification ring 4 to rotate. The identification ring 4 and the second bevel gear 3 rotate simultaneously. Furthermore, a bearing 15 is installed in the corresponding hole of the fixed sleeve 1, and the identification ring 4 is positioned by the bearing 15.

[0038] In this embodiment, to enable the first bevel gear 2 to drive the rotation of the second bevel gear 3, the identification ring 4 can also be fixed relative to the fixed sleeve 1. The second bevel gear 3 rotates relative to the identification post 5. During the process of the hand crank 9 driving the switch machine, the identification ring 4 is fixed after matching with the identification post 5, and the hand crank 9 drives the second bevel gear 3 to rotate. Furthermore, the identification post 5 is sleeved on the shaft of the hand crank 9, or installed on the shaft of the hand crank 9 through a bearing assembly, and the second bevel gear 3 rotates relative to the identification post 5.

[0039] An insertion hole is provided on the machine cover 12 or bottom shell 16 where the axis intersects with the hole on the fixed sleeve 1 for inserting the hand crank 9. A hollow cylindrical insertion tube 6 is installed at the insertion hole. The end of the insertion tube 6 exposed outside the machine cover 12 or bottom shell 16 has threads and a manual cover 7, which is threaded to the insertion tube 6. After the manual cover 7 is tightened, it seals the insertion tube 6. After the manual cover 7 is loosened and removed, the hand crank 9 is inserted and extends into the corresponding hole in the fixed sleeve 1.

[0040] In this embodiment, the insertion cylinder 6 is welded to the insertion hole on the cover 12 or the bottom shell 16 for fixation. Alternatively, one end of the insertion cylinder 6 is larger than the insertion hole on the cover 12 or the bottom shell 16, and the other end has threads. The insertion cylinder 6 passes through the insertion hole from inside the switch machine, and the locking nut 14 is screwed into the insertion cylinder 6 from outside the switch machine to fix the insertion cylinder 6 to the cover 12 or the bottom shell 16.

[0041] In this embodiment, the manual cover 7 has a blind hole with threads inside, and the threads inside the blind hole of the manual cover 7 are screwed onto the threads on the outer circumference of the insertion cylinder 6. Alternatively, the manual cover 7 has threads on its outer circumference, and the insertion cylinder 6 has threads inside its inner hole, so the two can be screwed together or unscrewed.

[0042] In this embodiment, the insertion cylinder 6 has a sealing ring 8 on its outer periphery, and the manual cover 7 is screwed into the insertion cylinder 6 to press the sealing ring 8. Alternatively, the manual cover 7 has a step at the end of the thread on its outer periphery, and a sealing ring 8 is provided at the step. The manual cover 7 is screwed into the insertion cylinder 6 to press the sealing ring 8 to ensure airtightness.

[0043] In this embodiment, the manual cover 7 has a circumferential groove on its outer periphery, and a rope 13 is sleeved in the circumferential groove. The end of the rope 13 is fixed to the insertion cylinder 6. After the manual cover 7 is completely unscrewed from the insertion cylinder 6, it remains connected to the insertion cylinder 6 through the rope 13.

[0044] In this embodiment, the protrusion on the identification post 5 is a columnar or block-shaped object fixedly installed on the identification post 5, including a cylinder, a cylindrical head screw, or a cylindrical head bolt, as shown in Figure 3.

[0045] Referring to Figures 2-6, in this embodiment, the solution is described using the example of providing a plug hole on the cover 12.

[0046] The present invention provides a safety hand crank mechanism for a switch machine, which includes an identification ring 4 rotatably disposed on the outside of the hand crank extension shaft 10 of the switch machine. The axis of the identification ring 4 intersects the axis of the hand crank extension shaft 10, and the top of the identification ring 4 is provided with multiple grooves.

[0047] The hand crank 9 includes a hand crank 11 that mates with the insertion cylinder 6. The end of the hand crank 11 has a detection post 5, and the outer side of the detection post 5 has multiple protrusions that engage with multiple slots. The detection ring 4 is annular, with at least two slots at the top of its ring wall. The detection post 5 has the same number of protrusions as the slots, and the outer enveloping cylinder of each protrusion is larger than the inner diameter of the detection ring 4, with the width of the protrusion not exceeding the width of the slot. When all the protrusions on the detection post 5 can enter the slots of the detection ring 4, the detection post 5 and the detection ring 4 are matched; when at least one protrusion on the detection post 5 cannot enter the slot of the detection ring 4, the detection post 5 and the detection ring 4 are not matched.

[0048] Referring to Figure 5, the manual cover mechanism comprises a manual cover 7, a rope 13, a locking nut 14, a sealing ring 8, and an insertion cylinder 6. A pre-drilled insertion hole for the manual insertion mechanism is provided on the cover 12. The insertion cylinder 6 is disposed within this hole. In this embodiment, the insertion cylinder 6 is secured to the cover 12 by the locking nut 14. To ensure a tight seal, a sealing ring 8 is placed at the bottom of the insertion cylinder 6, where it extends beyond the upper edge of the cover 12 and connects with the locking nut 14. The manual cover 7 is fitted over the outer side of the insertion cylinder 6. One end of the rope 13 is pressed against the upper surface of the cover 12 below the locking nut 14. The sealing ring 8 is then installed inside the locking nut 14 and threadedly secured to the upper surface of the rope 13. The other end of the rope 13 is embedded in the stepped cylinder (annular groove) of the manual cover 7 for easy one-piece storage after opening.

[0049] When the switch machine is operating normally, the insertion cylinder 6 reserved in the cover 12 is locked by the manual cover 7, and the hand-cranked extension shaft 10 rotates with the movement of the motor.

[0050] As shown in Figure 4(a), the identification rotating assembly mainly consists of a fixed sleeve 1 and an identification ring 4. This structure mainly realizes the identification and constraint support functions of the hand crank 9. The identification ring 4 rotates relative to the fixed sleeve 1, and the identification column 5 is fixed relative to the second bevel gear 3. During the process of the hand crank 9 driving the switch machine, the identification ring 4 and the second bevel gear 3 rotate simultaneously.

[0051] The identification ring 4 is installed on the outside of the hand crank extension shaft 10 of the switch machine through an interface perpendicular to the direction of the identification ring 4, and the center of the first bevel gear 2 extending from the hand crank extension shaft 10 intersects with the center of the identification ring 4.

[0052] In Figure 4(b), the identification ring 4 is fixed relative to the fixed sleeve 1, the second bevel gear 3 rotates relative to the identification column 5, and during the process of the hand crank 9 driving the switch machine, the hand crank 11 and the second bevel gear 3 rotate simultaneously.

[0053] Referring to Figure 6, the hand crank 9 is mainly composed of a hand crank 11, a detection post 5, and a second bevel gear 3. When the hand crank 9 is inserted into the detection ring 4, the protrusion on the detection post 5, which is set at a certain angle, matches the groove on the detection ring 4. After the protrusion and the groove are aligned, it can sink into the inside of the detection ring 4 and mesh with the first bevel gear 2 on the outside of the hand crank extension shaft 10 of the switch machine to perform hand cranking operation.

[0054] When a hand-cranked switch machine is needed, remove the manual cover 7 on the machine cover 12 and insert the hand crank 9. The hand crank 9 is equipped with a detection pin 5 and a second bevel gear 3. Only when the detection pin 5 matches the notch of the detection ring 4 can the hand crank 9 sink down and mesh with the first bevel gear 2 at the interface of the hand crank extension shaft 10, transmitting torque, operating the switch machine motor to rotate, and thus making the switch machine operate.

[0055] The mounting and positioning of the fixed sleeve is based on the center of the hand-cranked extension shaft, which can be rotated to any angle. Furthermore, the meshing angle of the bevel gear can be changed as needed, thus allowing for various included angles between the two holes on the fixed sleeve.

[0056] With the continuous expansion of the railway market, overseas projects are becoming increasingly common. When customers evaluate switch machine solutions, their safety requirements and operational habits necessitate a different insertion direction for the hand-crank mechanism compared to the side-cranked hand-cranked mechanism used in domestic switch machines. To adapt to more diverse switch machine usage scenarios, this invention modifies the insertion direction of the traditional single hand-crank mechanism, enhancing the flexibility and safety of the hand-cranking method.

[0057] Furthermore, the insertion cylinder 6 adopts a structural design that embeds it into the machine cover 12, thereby reducing the outer profile of the switch machine.

[0058] Figure 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the embedded manual cover. Compared with the above scheme, the manual cover 7 can be a T-shaped solid structure with reduced height. A rope 13 is installed at the center of the T-shaped edge, and the rope 13 is fixed to the insertion cylinder 6 after passing through the circumferential groove. The insertion cylinder 6 is a hollow tube with a flange, and the internal threaded interface matches the external threaded interface of the manual cover 7. The bottom of the flange is welded to the cover 12, and a sealing ring 8 is installed on the outside of the top boss.

[0059] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0060] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A safety hand crank mechanism for a switch machine, comprising a hand crank handle (9) and a hand crank extension shaft (10) for driving the switch machine, characterized in that, The safety hand crank mechanism includes at least a fixed sleeve (1), a first bevel gear (2), and a second bevel gear (3). The fixed sleeve (1) is fixed inside the switch machine. The fixed sleeve (1) has two holes with intersecting axes. The hand crank extension shaft (10) is located in one hole of the fixed sleeve (1). The first bevel gear (2) is located at the end of the hand crank extension shaft (10). The other hole of the fixed sleeve (1) is used to insert the hand crank handle (9). The second bevel gear (3) is located at the end of the hand crank handle (9). The hand crank handle (9) is inserted into the other hole of the fixed sleeve (1), so that the first bevel gear (2) and the second bevel gear (3) mesh with each other. The switch machine is driven by rotating the hand crank handle (9). An identification ring (4) is installed in the hole on the fixed sleeve (1) for inserting the hand crank (9). An identification post (5) is arranged in series with the second bevel gear (3) on the hand crank (9). The identification ring (4) has a through hole, and the axis of the through hole is coaxial with the hole on the fixed sleeve (1) for inserting the hand crank (9). A groove is opened on the identification ring (4), and a protrusion is provided on the identification post (5). When the groove and the protrusion are aligned, the identification post (5) and the identification ring (4) match when the protrusion enters the groove. An insertion hole is provided at the intersection of the axis of the machine cover (12) or bottom shell (16) and the hole on the fixed sleeve (1) for inserting the hand crank (9), and an insertion cylinder (6) is installed at the insertion hole; the end of the insertion cylinder (6) exposed outside the machine cover (12) or bottom shell (16) is provided with a thread and a manual cover (7), and the manual cover (7) is threadedly connected to the insertion cylinder (6); after the manual cover (7) is tightened, it seals the insertion cylinder (6), and after the manual cover (7) is loosened and removed, the hand crank (9) is inserted and extends into the corresponding hole of the fixed sleeve (1).

2. The safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The identification ring (4) is annular, and its top wall has at least two grooves. The identification column (5) has the same number of protrusions as the grooves. The outer enveloping cylinder of the protrusion is larger than the inner diameter of the identification ring (4), and the width of the protrusion is not greater than the width of the groove. When the position of the protrusion on the identification column (5) corresponds to the position of the groove on the identification ring (4), the protrusions can enter the groove of the identification ring (4) at the same time, and the identification column (5) and the identification ring (4) match. When at least one protrusion on the identification column (5) does not correspond to the position of the groove on the identification ring (4), the protrusions cannot enter the groove of the identification ring (4), and the identification column (5) and the identification ring (4) do not match.

3. The safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The identification ring (4) rotates relative to the fixed sleeve (1), the identification column (5) is fixed relative to the second bevel gear (3), and the identification ring (4) and the second bevel gear (3) rotate simultaneously during the process of the hand crank (9) driving the switch machine.

4. The safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The identification ring (4) is fixed relative to the fixed sleeve (1). After the identification pin (5) on the hand crank (9) matches the identification ring (4), the hand crank (9) rotates relative to the identification pin (5), and the second bevel gear (3) meshes with the first bevel gear (2) to drive the switch machine.

5. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The insertion cylinder (6) is welded to the cover (12) or the bottom shell (16), or the outer diameter of one end of the insertion cylinder (6) is larger than the diameter of the insertion hole on the cover (12) or the bottom shell (16), and the other end has threads on the outer circumference. The insertion cylinder (6) passes through the insertion hole from inside the switch machine, and the locking nut (14) is screwed into the insertion cylinder (6) from outside the switch machine to fix the insertion cylinder (6) on the cover (12) or the bottom shell (16).

6. The safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The manual cover (7) has a blind hole with a thread inside. The thread inside the blind hole of the manual cover (7) is screwed onto the insertion cylinder (6); or the manual cover (7) has a thread on its outer circumference and the insertion cylinder (6) has a thread inside the hole, and the two are screwed together.

7. The safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The insertion tube (6) has a sealing ring (8) on its outer periphery. The manual cover (7) is screwed into the insertion tube (6) to press the sealing ring (8); or the manual cover (7) has a step at the end of the thread on its outer periphery, and a sealing ring (8) is set at the step. The manual cover (7) is screwed into the insertion tube (6) to press the sealing ring (8).

8. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The manual cover (7) has a circumferential groove on its outer periphery, and a rope (13) is sleeved in the circumferential groove. The end of the rope (13) is fixed on the insertion cylinder (6). After the manual cover (7) is completely unscrewed from the insertion cylinder (6), it is connected to the insertion cylinder (6) through the rope (13).

9. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The protrusions on the identification column (5) are columnar or block-shaped objects fixedly installed on the identification column (5), including cylinders, cylindrical head screws or cylindrical head bolts.

10. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The identification ring (4) rotates relative to the fixed sleeve (1), and a bearing (15) is installed in the corresponding hole of the fixed sleeve (1). The identification ring (4) is positioned by the bearing (15).

11. A safety hand-crank mechanism for a switch machine as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The identification ring (4) is fixed relative to the fixed sleeve (1), the identification column (5) rotates relative to the second bevel gear (3), and the identification column (5) is sleeved on the shaft of the hand crank (9); or it is installed on the hand crank (11) of the hand crank (9) through a bearing assembly, and the second bevel gear (3) rotates relative to the identification column (5).

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