Adaptive mobility setting for high-speed user equipment

Abstract

Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to adaptive mobility setting for high-speed user equipment (UE). A method comprises receiving, from a second apparatus, a mobility configuration associated with first distance information of a distance between a second apparatus serving the first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; in accordance with a determination that a difference between the first distance information and second distance information, that is determined by the first apparatus for the distance, exceeds a threshold difference, transmitting the second distance information to the second apparatus; and receiving an update of the mobility configuration from the second apparatus.

Description

ADAPTIVE MOBILITY SETTING FOR HIGH-SPEED USER EQUIPMENTFIELD

[0001] Various example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for adaptive mobility setting for high-speed user equipment (UE).BACKGROUND

[0002] Requirements related to UE behavior in High-Speed Train (HST) scenario has been discussed, while studying enhanced method of defining the related requirements. Especially, UE behavior in HST scenario when operating at higher frequencies, e.g., at frequency range 2 (FR2) has been studiedSUMMARY

[0003] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to: determine distance information associated with a distance between a second apparatus serving the first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; report, to the second apparatus, the distance information and one or more corresponding mobility parameters of the first apparatus; and in accordance with a determination that a mobility configuration associated with the distance information is received, adjust a beamforming by performing at least one radio resource management, RRM, measurement based on the mobility configuration.

[0004] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storinginstructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus at least to: receive, from a first apparatus, distance information associated with a distance between the second apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving and one or more corresponding mobility parameters of the first apparatus; determine a mobility configuration based on the distance information and the one or more corresponding mobility parameters; and transmit, to the first apparatus, the mobility configuration associated with the distance information.

[0005] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to: receive, from a second apparatus, a mobility configuration associated with first distance information of a distance between a second apparatus serving the first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; in accordance with a determination that a difference between the first distance information and second distance information, that is determined by the first apparatus for the distance, exceeds a threshold, transmit the second distance information to the second apparatus; and receive an update of the mobility configuration from the second apparatus.

[0006] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus at least to: determine a mobility configuration based on first distance information of a distance between the second apparatus serving a first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; transmit the mobility configuration associated with the first distance information to the first apparatus; in accordance with a determination that second distance information of the distance is received from the first apparatus, update the mobility configuration based on the second distance information; and transmit the update of the mobility configuration to the first apparatus.

[0007] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to: receive, from a second apparatus, a plurality of mobility configurationscorresponding to different distances between a network node and a railway track; select a target mobility configuration from the plurality of mobility configurations; and adjust a beamforming by performing at least one radio resource management, RRM, measurement based on the target mobility configuration.

[0008] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus at least to: determine a plurality of mobility configurations corresponding to different distances between a network node and a railway track; and transmit, to a first apparatus, the plurality of mobility configurations and corresponding different distances.

[0009] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to: determine respective location information of the first apparatus on a railway track at respective time points during a movement of the first apparatus along with the railway track; determine at least two distances between the first apparatus and a second apparatus at the respective time points based on the respective location information; and determine a target distance between the second apparatus and the railway track based on the at least two distances and the respective location information.

[0010] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: determining distance information associated with a distance between a second apparatus serving the first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; reporting, to the second apparatus, the distance information and one or more corresponding mobility parameters of the first apparatus; and in accordance with a determination that a mobility configuration associated with the distance information is received, adjusting a beamforming by performing at least one radio resource management, RRM, measurement based on the mobility configuration.

[0011] In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, from a first apparatus, distance information associated with a distance between the second apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving and one or more corresponding mobility parameters of the first apparatus;determining a mobility configuration based on the distance information and the one or more corresponding mobility parameters; and transmitting, to the first apparatus, the mobility configuration associated with the distance information.

[0012] In a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, from a second apparatus, a mobility configuration associated with first distance information of a distance between a second apparatus serving the first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; in accordance with a determination that a difference between the first distance information and second distance information, that is determined by the first apparatus for the distance, exceeds a threshold, transmitting the second distance information to the second apparatus; and receiving an update of the mobility configuration from the second apparatus.

[0013] In an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: determining a mobility configuration based on first distance information of a distance between the second apparatus serving a first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; transmitting the mobility configuration associated with the first distance information to the first apparatus; in accordance with a determination that second distance information of the distance is received from the first apparatus, updating the mobility configuration based on the second distance information; and transmitting the update of the mobility configuration to the first apparatus.

[0014] In a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, from a second apparatus, a plurality of mobility configurations corresponding to different distances between a network node and a railway track; selecting a target mobility configuration from the plurality of mobility configurations; and adjusting a beamforming by performing at least one radio resource management, RRM, measurement based on the target mobility configuration.

[0015] In a thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: determining a plurality of mobility configurations corresponding to different distances between a network node and a railway track; and transmitting, to a first apparatus, the plurality of mobility configurations and corresponding different distances.

[0016] In a fourteenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. Themethod comprises: determining respective location information of the first apparatus on a railway track at respective time points during a movement of the first apparatus along with the railway track; determining at least two distances between the first apparatus and a second apparatus at the respective time points based on the respective location information; and determining a target distance between the second apparatus and the railway track based on the at least two distances and the respective location information.

[0017] In a fifteenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises means for determining distance information associated with a distance between a second apparatus serving the first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; means for reporting, to the second apparatus, the distance information and one or more corresponding mobility parameters of the first apparatus; and means for in accordance with a determination that a mobility configuration associated with the distance information is received, adjusting a beamforming by performing at least one radio resource management, RRM, measurement based on the mobility configuration.

[0018] In a sixteenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first apparatus, distance information associated with a distance between the second apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving and one or more corresponding mobility parameters of the first apparatus; means for determining a mobility configuration based on the distance information and the one or more corresponding mobility parameters; and means for transmitting, to the first apparatus, the mobility configuration associated with the distance information.

[0019] In a seventeenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second apparatus, a mobility configuration associated with first distance information of a distance between a second apparatus serving the first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; means for in accordance with a determination that a difference between the first distance information and second distance information, that is determined by the first apparatus for the distance, exceeds a threshold, transmitting the second distance information to the second apparatus; and means for receiving an update of themobility configuration from the second apparatus.

[0020] In an eighteenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises means for determining a mobility configuration based on first distance information of a distance between the second apparatus serving a first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; means for transmitting the mobility configuration associated with the first distance information to the first apparatus; means for in accordance with a determination that second distance information of the distance is received from the first apparatus, updating the mobility configuration based on the second distance information; and means for transmitting the update of the mobility configuration to the first apparatus.

[0021] In a nineteenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second apparatus, a plurality of mobility configurations corresponding to different distances between a network node and a railway track; means for selecting a target mobility configuration from the plurality of mobility configurations; and means for adjusting a beamforming by performing at least one radio resource management, RRM, measurement based on the target mobility configuration.

[0022] In a twentieth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises means for determining a plurality of mobility configurations corresponding to different distances between a network node and a railway track; and means for transmitting, to a first apparatus, the plurality of mobility configurations and corresponding different distances.

[0023] In a twenty-first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises means for determining respective location information of the first apparatus on a railway track at respective time points during a movement of the first apparatus along with the railway track; means for determining at least two distances between the first apparatus and a second apparatus at the respective time points based on the respective location information; and means for determining a target distance between the second apparatus and the railway track based on the at least two distances and the respective location information.

[0024] In a twenty-second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computerreadable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the eighth aspect.

[0025] In a twenty-third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the ninth aspect.

[0026] In a twenty-fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the tenth aspect.

[0027] In a twenty-fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the eleventh aspect.

[0028] In a twenty-sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the twelfth aspect.

[0029] In a twenty-seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the thirteenth aspect.

[0030] In a twenty-eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the fourteenth aspect.

[0031] It is to be understood that the Summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:

[0033] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication network in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;

[0034] FIG. 2A illustrates an example of HST FR2 deployment;

[0035] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of different coverage for different TRPs;

[0036] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart of communication according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0037] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart of communication according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0038] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling chart of communication according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0039] FIG. 6 illustrates a signaling chart of communication according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0040] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of an estimation calculation;

[0041] FIG. 8illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0042] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0043] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0044] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0046] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0047] FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG. 15 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0049] FIG. 16 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0050] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.

[0052] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

[0053] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “an example embodiment,” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.

[0054] It shall be understood that although the terms “first,” “second,”..., etc. in front of noun(s) and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one elementfrom another and they do not limit the order of the noun(s). For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.

[0055] As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of ” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or”, mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.

[0056] As used herein, unless stated explicitly, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intervening steps may be included.

[0057] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “has”, “having”, “includes” and / or “including”, when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0058] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:(a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and(b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable):(i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit(s) with software / firmware and(ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform variousfunctions) and(c) hardware circuit(s) and or processor(s), such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.

[0059] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.

[0060] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as New Radio (NR), Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G), the second generation (2G), 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G), the fourth generation (4G), 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G), 5.5G, the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future types of communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.

[0061] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP), for example,a node B (NodeB or NB), an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB), an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB), a Remote Radio Unit (RRU), a radio header (RH), a remote radio head (RRH), a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, an aircraft network device, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. In some example embodiments, radio access network (RAN) split architecture comprises a Centralized Unit (CU) and a Distributed Unit (DU) at an IAB donor node. An IAB node comprises a Mobile Terminal (IAB-MT) part that behaves like a UE toward the parent node, and a DU part of an IAB node behaves like a base station toward the next-hop IAB node.

[0062] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE), a Subscriber Station (SS), a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS), or an Access Terminal (AT). The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA), portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), laptop-mounted equipment (LME), USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE), an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. The terminal device may also correspond to a Mobile Termination (MT) part of an IAB node (e.g., a relay node). In the following description, the terms “terminal device”, “communication device”, “terminal”, “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.

[0063] As used herein, the term “resource,” “transmission resource,” “resource block,”“physical resource block” (PRB), “uplink resource,” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, for example, a communication between a terminal device and a network device, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other combination of the time, frequency, space and / or code domain resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.

[0064] As used herein, the term “transmission reception point (TRP)” may refer to an antenna port or an antenna array (with one or more antenna elements) available to the network device located at a specific geographical location. For example, a network device may be coupled with multiple TRPs in different geographical locations to achieve better coverage. Alternatively, or in addition, multiple TRPs may be incorporated into a network device, or in other words, the network device may comprise the multiple TRPs. The term “TRP” may be also referred to as a cell, such as a macro-cell, a small cell, a pico-cell, a femto-cell, a remote radio head, a relay node, etc. It is to be understood that the term “TRP” may refer to a logical concept which may be physically implemented by various manner. For example, a TRP may refer to or correspond to a physical cell identity (PCI) or control resource set (CORESET) Pool Index (i.e., CORESETPoolIndex) .

[0065] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication network 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1, the communication network 100 may comprise a first apparatus 110 which may be, for example, a terminal device. In some example embodiments, the terminal device may also be discussed as a UE. In some scenarios, e.g., in HST scenario, the first apparatus 110 may move very fast along with the railway track.

[0066] The communication network 100 may further comprise a second apparatus 120, which may be, for example, a network device. In some example embodiments, the network device may be discussed as a BS, a gNB, or an eNB. In some scenarios, the second apparatus 120 may be referred to as a TRP. It is to be understood that any suitable numberof TRPs may be included in the communication network 100.

[0067] A serving area provided by the second apparatus 120 is called a cell. The first apparatus 110 may communicate with the second apparatus 120 within the cell 102. The cell currently serving the first apparatus 110 may be considered as a serving cell 102.

[0068] In the following, for the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments are described with the first apparatus 110 operating as a terminal device and the second apparatus 120 operating as a network device. However, in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a terminal device may be implemented at a network device or other device, and operations described in connection with a network device may be implemented at a terminal device or other device.

[0069] In some example embodiments, if the first apparatus 110 is a terminal device and second apparatus 120 is a network device, a link from the second apparatus 120 to first apparatus 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL), while a link from the first apparatus 110 to second apparatus 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL). In DL, the second apparatus 120 is a transmitting (TX) apparatus (or a transmitter) and the first apparatus 110 is a receiving (RX) apparatus (or a receiver). In UL, the first apparatus 110 is a TX apparatus (or a transmitter) and the second apparatus 120 is a RX apparatus (or a receiver).

[0070] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1 are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implement example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0071] Communications in the communication environment 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol(s), comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G), the second generation (2G), the third generation (3G), the fourth generation (4G), the fifth generation (5G), 5.5G, the sixth generation (6G), and the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Duplex(FDD), Time Division Duplex (TDD), Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.

[0072] Requirements related to UE behavior in HST scenario when operating at higher frequencies, e.g., frequency range 2, (FR2) are being discussed. The discussion started in some discussed schemes and continued in some further discussed schemes. Details of HST FR2 deployments are summarized in some discussed schemes.

[0073] In a HST scenario, the baseline deployment will make use of a number of cells deployed along the train track. Each cell will consist of one or more Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) (also referred as transmission-reception point (TRP), Access Point (AP) or similar) that provide physical interface for transmitting / receiving data. RRHs are connected to one Distributed Unit (DU) that handles the physical resource scheduling.

[0074] In some discussed schemes, it was assumed that the Power Class 6 (PC6) UE (introduced specifically for HST FR2 deployments) is installed on the roof-top of the train to preserve line-of-sight (LoS) conditions.

[0075] To improve the link budget and cell coverage which are limited due to the high path loss occurred at high frequency ranges transmission, directional beam steering by a means of multi-antenna panel is used at both network and the UE. To maximize the reception gain in DL, the UE aims to steer its receiving beam (Rx spatial settings) directed towards the gNB Tx beam while the network has to optimize its DL transmission beam such that it is optimal in terms of directing as much as possible of the transmitted energy towards the UE. Similar applies for the UL link. Therefore, beam management is one of the key technologies in HST FR2 deployments.

[0076] Reference is now made to FIG. 2A, which shows an example of HST FR2 deployment. As shown in FIG. 2A, deployments of RRHs in HST FR2 scenarios are mainly characterized by the height of RRH’s and UE’s antennas, inter-RRH distance, and distance between RRHs and the railway track. In practice, one of the dominant factors that affect the implementation of the beam management for HST in FR2 is a distance between RRH site to the railway track (i.e., Dmin as shown in FIG. 2A).

[0077] In the HST FR2s study, two deployment scenarios are defined which are characterized by the distance and height related parameters, i.e.,1) Open-space deployment discussed in some schemes. This scenario is characterized by the larger distance between a RRH site to the railway track. That is, the Dmin is considered larger than 10m, which is further categorized into two sub-scenarios: a. Scenario A: Dmin=10m representing for the case in which the RRHs are closer to the track. b. Scenario B: Dmin=150m representing for the case in which the RRHs are much further from the track, such that FR1 HST infrastructure could be reused.2). Tunnel deployment is additionally considered in some discussed schemes. In this scenario due to the physical limitation of the tunnel dimensions, a smaller Dmin is considered. The assumption discussed in some schemes is that Dmin=lm, and this indicates the RRH is next / closer to the track.

[0078] For generality, the term TRP instead of RRH may be used in the following when representing the transceiver at the network side.

[0079] Beam management in HST FR2 follows the beam management procedure including the beam sweeping as defined in some discussed schemes.

[0080] For Rx beam sweeping factor, HST FR2 has defined a network assistance signaling in Radio Resource Management (RRM) requirements to inform the UE the deployment scenarios:-highSpeedMeasFlagFR2-rl7, ENUMERATED {setl, set2] for HST FR2 enhanced RRM requirements.• Setl and Set2 correspond to Rx beam sweeping factor N=2 and N=6 respectively.• This flag is to implicitly indicate if the UE needs to sweep its beams to measure the signals from N=2 or N=6 times / directions.• In general, N=6 is required when the TRP is deployed far from the track and N=2 is used when the TRP is deployed nearby the track.

[0081] For RRM configuration for HST FR2, it is assumed that all TRPs are deployed with the same Dmin, and two ranges of Dmin are generally agreed for different sets of requirements as shown in the following Table 1 :Table 1 :

[0082] RRM configurations for Set 1 and Set 2 are specified in some discussed schemes with flag highSpeedMeasFlagFR2-r 17 , ENUMERATED {setl, set2}. For example, RRM requirements for Intra-frequency measurements without measurement gaps are listed below. Other related RRM requirements can be found in some discussed schemes under the flag highSpeedMeasFlagFR2-r 17

[0083] Some schemes for intra-frequency measurements without measurement gaps are shown in the following Table 2:Table 2:

[0087] In FR2 high-speed mobility scenario, the deployment of TRPs relative to the track (i.e., Dmin) is one of the important factors, since it affects the network coverage (and throughput performance) by means of beamforming (see FIG. 2B). As mentioned above, it is assumed that all TRPs are deployed with the same Dmin, and two ranges of Dmin are agreed for different sets of requirements.

[0088] However, in practice Dminmay not be the same for every TRP along the track. On the other hand, set 2 specification is used for a wide range of Dmin distance (i.e., for all TRPs with Dmin>30m).

[0089] For a study of mobility issue in HST FR2, it is identified that the most challenging scenario for mobility is when TRPs are deployed relatively close to the track while the UE is moving opposite to the serving beam orientation. Such deployment causes potential Handover (HO) / beam switch issue which is shown in the following Table 3 :Table 3:

[0090] Regarding the study for tunnel deployment, a similar mobility challenge in Uni- directional “Opposite” deployment was also identified which is shown in the following Table 4:Table 4:

[0091] Reference is now made to FIG. 2B which shows different coverages for different TRP. In fact, the coverage provided by each TRP is specific and depends on Dmin, as shown in FIG. 2B. Hence, by using the same beamforming setting (Set 1 or Set 2 only) for TRPs can degrade the network coverage.

[0092] Thus, it is worth highlighting that if TRPs with different coverage use the same configuration set, then using same mobility settings (e.g., Rx sweeping factor, mobility thresholds, etc.) for them are not optimal which may lead to mobility performance degradation (e.g., link failure rate, probability of outage, etc). However, an optimal configuration cannot be defined without the knowledge of coverage which is characterized by Dmin distance.

[0093] In accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a solution for adaptive mobility setting for high-speed UE. In this solution, the second apparatus 120 may configure a mobility configuration for the first apparatus 110 based on the shortest distance between the second apparatus 120 and the railway track on which the first apparatus 110 is moving. The shortest distance may be determined by the first apparatus 110 or may be a reference value. Alternatively, an association between a plurality of mobility configurations and corresponding reference distances may be configured by the second apparatus 120 and provided to the first apparatus 110. In this case, the first apparatus 110 may select a target mobility configuration to be applied, for example, based on the shortest distance between the second apparatus 120 and the railway track that is determined / estimated by the first apparatus 110.

[0094] Example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0095] Various parameters may be included in the mobility configuration / setting. Mobility settings may also be different in the periodicity of measurement reports or other related parameters. As an example, mobility configuration according to exact Dmin information may be adjusted after Dmin is determined. As another example, NW may send to UE multiple mobility configurations, each corresponding to different Dmin. UE may select suitable configuration based on the estimated Dmin. Corresponding embodiments will be described with reference to FIGS. 3-5 as below.

[0096] Reference is now made to FIG. 3, which shows a signaling chart 300 for communication according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3, the signaling chart 300 involves a first apparatus 110 and a second apparatus 120. For the purpose of discussion, reference is made to FIG. 1 to describe the signaling chart 300.

[0097] In this case, the second apparatus 120 may send, to the first apparatus 110, the mobility configuration according to either Set 1 or Set 2. The second apparatus 120 may also request and support the first apparatus 110 to determine Dmin, as well as other mobility parameters (e.g., UE speed and it’s range from the serving TRP). Based on estimated Dmin per TRP, the second apparatus 120 may then determine new mobility setting that is optimal for the mobility of the first apparatus 110 and the Dmin specific to the TRP.

[0098] As shown in FIG. 3, the second apparatus 120 may initiate (305) a mobility configuration for the first apparatus 110. For example, the second apparatus 120 may send the first apparatus 110 mobility configuration following either Set 1 or Set 2. In this stage, the second apparatus 120 does not have explicit information on the shortest distance between the serving TRP and the track (i.e., Dmin) but only the implicit information whether Dmin is smaller or larger than 30m.

[0099] Then the second apparatus may send (310) a request for the first apparatus 110 to report distance information associated with a distance between a second apparatus 120 serving the first apparatus 110 and a railway track on which the first apparatus 110 is moving. That is, the second apparatus 120 may request the first apparatus 110 to determine and report the shortest distance between the serving TRP to the railway track (i.e., Dmin in FIG. 2A).

[0100] In addition, the second apparats 120 may also send other possible / required configurations to support the first apparatus 110 for the acquisition of Dmin and other mobility parameters.

[0101] In this case, the second apparatus 120 may send a configuration of one or more resources of at least one downlink reference signal. For example, the configuration may include Reference Signal (RS) resources (e.g., Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), or Positioning Reference Signal PRS) that could be used for the acquisition of Dmin.

[0102] The first apparatus 110 may determine (315) the shortest distance between a second apparatus 120 and the railway track, e.g., Dmin, as well as other mobility parameters such as the speed of the first apparatus 110 and range of the first apparatus 110 from the second apparatus 120. The process for the determination / estimation of the Dmin will be further described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 in detail later.

[0103] The first apparatus 110 may report (320) the determined Dmin (i.e., the shortest distance between the serving TRP to the railway track) to the second apparatus 120.

[0104] With newly achieved distance information, the second apparatus 120 may determine (325) a new mobility configuration that is optimized for the exact distance information of the shortest distance between the second apparatus 120 and the railway track. For example, the mobility configuration may include new Rx beam sweeping factors.

[0105] For example, if Dmin =60 which is much less than 150m (maximum distance for factor 6) but still larger than 30m (maximum distance for factor 2), then new Rx beam sweeping factor could be 3.

[0106] In addition, the new mobility configuration may comprise a configuration for RRM measurement and reporting, which may comprise one or more parameters for the first apparatus 110 to perform at least one RRM measurement.

[0107] It is also possible that the second apparatus 120 may determine conditional HO / beam switch configuration for the first apparatus 110 and include it in the new mobility configuration if the distance information indicates that the scenario requires early trigger configuration change. The conditions for trigger conditional HO / beam switch are determined optimally for the Dmin.

[0108] The second apparatus 120 may send (330) the new mobility configuration to the first apparatus 110. Upon receiving the new mobility configuration, the first apparatus 110 may apply (335) the mobility configuration. For example, the first apparatus 110 may perform at least one RRM measurement based on the mobility configuration.

[0109] With newly achieved mobility configuration, the first apparatus 110 may adjust (340) its own implementation to improve the mobility performance. For example, the first apparatus 110 may adjust its implementation on its Tx and Rx beamformingdirections, e.g., point the beam towards more accurate TRP locations, reduce the beams which are not pointing close to the TRP direction. In this way, beamforming gain can be improved and so does the coverage.

[0110] Reference is now made to FIG. 4, which shows a signaling chart 400 for communication according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4, the signaling chart 400 involves a first apparatus 110 and a second apparatus 120. For the purpose of discussion, reference is made to FIG. 1 to describe the signaling chart 400.[OHl] In this case, the second apparatus 120 may obtain the Dmin information from the past measurements, e.g., received from other UEs previously or from a default distance configuration. Therefore, the second apparatus 120 may determine a mobility configuration which is optimal for the given Dmin per TRP.

[0112] As shown in FIG. 4, the second apparatus 120 is assumed to have distance information associated with a distance between the second apparatus 120 and a railway track on which the first apparatus 110 is moving, e.g., the shortest distance between the serving TRP and track (i.e., Dmin).

[0113] The second apparatus 120 may initiate (405) the mobility configuration for the first apparatus 110. Because the second apparatus 120 has information on the shortest distance between the serving TRP and the track (i.e., Dmin), the second apparatus 120 may determine the mobility configuration optimized for Dmin. For example, the mobility configuration may include new Rx beam sweeping factors. If Dmin =60m which is much less than 150m (maximum distance for factor 6) but still larger than 30m (maximum distance for factor 2), then the new Rx beam sweeping factor could be 3.

[0114] In addition, the new mobility configuration may comprise a configuration for RRM measurement and reporting, which may comprise one or more parameters for the first apparatus 110 to perform at least one RRM measurement. For example, the configuration for RRM measurement and reporting may indicate respective thresholds for at least one mobility measurement event.

[0115] It is also possible that the second apparatus 120 may determine conditional HO / beam switch configuration for the first apparatus 110 and include it in the newmobility configuration if the distance information indicates that the scenario requires early trigger configuration change. The conditions for trigger conditional HO / beam switch are determined optimally for the Dmin.

[0116] The second apparatus 120 may send (410) the mobility configuration to the first apparatus 110 in accordance with Dmin. Then the first apparatus 110 may apply (415) the mobility configurations.

[0117] Optionally or additionally, the second apparatus 120 may request the first apparatus 110 to determine the distance between the second apparatus 120 and a railway track, i.e., Dmin, for example, in case the second apparatus 120 decides that the available Dmin and / or other mobility parameters may not be accurate enough.

[0118] For example, the second apparatus 120 may request the first apparatus 110 to report the distance between the second apparatus 120 and a railway track before sending the mobility configuration to the first apparatus 110.

[0119] As another example, the second apparatus 120 may request the first apparatus 110 to report the distance between the second apparatus 120 and a railway track after sending the mobility configuration to the first apparatus 110.

[0120] Optionally, the second apparatus 120 may send the distance information on the shortest distance between the serving TRP and track (i.e., Dmin) such that the first apparatus 110 can optimize its own implementation to improve mobility performances.

[0121] In addition, the second apparatus 120 may configure the first apparatus 110 to report the determined Dmin if the value is more accurate than the one used by network by some certain error-threshold.

[0122] In this case, the second apparatus 120 may send a configuration of one or more resources of at least one downlink reference signal. For example, the configuration may include Reference Signal (RS) resources (e.g., Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), or Positioning Reference Signal PRS) that could be used for the acquisition of Dmin.

[0123] The first apparatus 110 may keep (420) executing the acquisition of the Dmin and other mobility parameters. That is, the first apparatus 110 may determine the shortestdistance between a second apparatus 120 and the railway track, e.g., Dmin, as well as other mobility parameters such as the speed of the first apparatus 110 and range of the first apparatus 110 from the second apparatus 120.

[0124] If it is determined that Dmin is more accurate than the one used by the second apparatus 120 by some certain error-threshold, then the first apparatus 110 may report (425) Dmin to the second apparatus 120.

[0125] Based on the updated Dmin, the second apparatus 120 may determine (430) new mobility configuration that is optimized for the new Dmin and send it to the first apparatus 110. The second apparatus 120 and the first apparatus 110 switch to use new configuration.

[0126] As described above, as another example, NW may send to UE multiple mobility configurations each corresponding to different Dmin. The UE may select suitable configuration based on the estimated Dmin. Details of this solution will be described below.

[0127] Reference is now made to FIG. 5, which shows a signaling chart 500 for communication according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, the signaling chart 500 involves a first apparatus 110 and a second apparatus 120. For the purpose of discussion, reference is made to FIG. 1 to describe the signaling chart 500.

[0128] During the initial RRM configuration, the second apparatus 120 may send (505) the first apparatus 110 a plurality of mobility configurations corresponding to different distances between a network node and a railway track. The plurality of mobility configurations may be, for example, in a list of mobility configurations, each is for a range of the shortest distance between the serving TRP and the track (i.e., Dmin), e.g., from 10 to 150 meters with 10m granularity.

[0129] For example, each configuration with reference to a Dmin may be pre-determined by the second apparatus 120 based on information from the network planning / deployment, or statistic collected during operating on the field.

[0130] Then the first apparatus 110 may select a target mobility configuration to be applied from the plurality of mobility configurations.

[0131] As an option, the second apparatus 120 may indicate (510) the first apparatus 110 which mobility configuration from plurality of mobility configurations that the first apparatus 110 needs to use for the initial communications. This is needed to keep the first apparatus 110 connected to the second apparatus 120.

[0132] For example, the indicated mobility configuration may be based on implicit information on Dmin obtained from the first apparatus 110.

[0133] As another example, the second apparatus 120 may request the first apparatus 110 to report the distance information of Dmin. In this case, the second apparatus 120 may request (515) the first apparatus 110 to determine more accurate the shortest distance between the serving TRP and the track (i.e., Dmin) and base on that re-selects more optimal configuration:

[0134] In addition, the second apparatus 120 may send configurations to support the first apparatus 110 for the estimation of Dmin and other mobility parameters. For example, a configuration of one or more resources of at least one downlink reference signal may be transmitted from the second apparatus 120 to the first apparatus 110. The configuration may include Reference Signal (RS) resources (e.g., Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), or Positioning Reference Signal PRS) that could be used for the acquisition of Dmin.

[0135] Based on the request and corresponding configuration, the first apparatus 110 may determine (520) the distance information, e.g., Dmin, as well as other mobility parameters. Based on the determined Dmin, the first apparatus 110 may select, from the plurality of mobility configurations, a target mobility configuration that matches to the determined Dmin, and execute the at least one RRM measurement based on the target mobility configuration.

[0136] Optionally or in addition, the first apparatus 110 may report (530) to the second apparatus 120 the selected target mobility configuration. As an example, if the plurality of mobility configurations is configured by a configuration list, the first apparatus 110 may send an index of the selected target mobility configuration in the list.

[0137] Optionally or in addition, the first apparatus 110 may also send (545) the distance information, i.e., the determined Dmin, to the second apparatus 120 for further network’soptimization if the second apparatus 120 requested it. Then the second apparatus 120 may store (550) the determined Dmin values.

[0138] The second apparatus 120 may collect the estimated Dmin value obtained from different UE (i.e., the first apparatus 110 and other UEs) to achieve the more accurate Dmin information for a specific TRP. When Dmin is seen accurate enough, the second apparatus 120 can configure for the coming first apparatus 110 according to this Dmin and does not need to request the first apparatus 110 for estimating the Dmin.

[0139] In the following, the description will focus on an approach to determine the shortest distance between the serving TRP and the railway track, i.e., Dmin. FIG. 6 shows a signaling chart 600 for communication according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, the signaling chart 600 involves a first apparatus 110 and a second apparatus 120. For the purpose of discussion, reference is made to FIG. 1 to describe the signaling chart 600. The signaling chart 600 shows examples for methods to determine Dmin.

[0140] As described above, for supporting the first apparatus 110 to determine the Dmin, the second apparatus 120 may send a configuration of one or more resources of at least one downlink reference signal. For example, the configuration may include Reference Signal (RS) resources (e.g., Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), or Positioning Reference Signal PRS) that could be used for the acquisition of Dmin.

[0141] In more detail, the configuration may include the measurement configuration of ranging parameters such as carrier phase, such as Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA), Time of Arrival (ToA) and Angle of Arrival (AoA) for RS resources (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, or PRS).

[0142] In addition, the configuration may include the conditions to ensure accuracy of the calculation, e.g., minimum measurement instances that the first apparatus 110 needs to obtain or deviation error of calculated values.

[0143] Optionally, it is also possible that the configuration may indicate the speed of the first apparatus when moving along with the railway track.

[0144] Based on the configuration, the first apparatus 110 may perform (610) necessarymeasurements. After the minimum measurement instances are obtained, e.g., at least two measurement instances, the first apparatus 110 may carry out (615) the estimation for the shortest distance between the second apparatus 120 and the railway track (i.e., Dmin), and other mobility parameters, such as the speed of the first apparatus 110 and it’s range from the second apparatus 120. The measurement and calculation may be done until conditions on accuracy meet.

[0145] If the first apparatus 110 is configured to track the speed, the first apparatus 110 may continue (620) the measurement of RS sources.

[0146] It is to be understood that not only the distance related parameters and speed, but the estimation can also give the UE moving direction. This may be beneficial for further optimization.

[0147] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 110 may determine at least two distances between the first apparatus and a second apparatus (e.g., two distances, which may be denoted as dtiandat respective time points (e.g., time ti and t?) during a movement of the first apparatus 110 along with a railway track. The first apparatus 110 is moving closer to the second apparatus 120. Respective location information of the first apparatus on the railway track at the respective time points may be determined by the first apparatus 110. The location information of the first apparatus may be associated with Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA), Time of Arrival (ToA) or Angle of Arrival (Ao A) as mentioned above. Then the distance between the second apparatus 120 and the railway track may be determined by the first apparatus 110 based on the at least two distances between the first apparatus and a second apparatus and the respective location information of the first apparatus. Details of the process may be further described with reference to FIG. 7 as below.

[0148] Reference is now made to FIG. 7, which shows an illustration for the calculation of estimation. As an example, this algorithm is based on the relation between the distance and AoA, i.e., the following Equation (1):

[0149] As shown in FIG. 7. dtiand dt2are the distances between the UE 710 (e.g., the first apparatus 110) and a TRP 720 (e.g., the second apparatus 120) at time ti and t2,respectively. These distances will be measured by ranging measurement. Ad is the distance that the UE has travelled during time ti and t2 on the railway track 730. Ad is unknown. (ptiis the Ao A at time ti.

[0150] It is to be understood that (pt2, i.e., AoA at time t2, may also be used, but the distance-relation Equation (1) may need to be modified accordingly. Alternatively, both sets of measurement can be used and averaged to improve the accuracy.

[0151] As an option, the shortest distance between the TRP 720 and the railway track 730, i.e., Dmin is not available and to be estimated.

[0152] Here (ptl, dtiand dt2are known by AoA and ranging measurements and used in the estimation.

[0153] To estimate Ad, solving the second-order equation below, and taking the nonnegative output value.Ad2— 2dtiAd sin p + d^ — d22= 0 (2)

[0154] Then the speed of the UE 710 can be calculated by:

[0155] Then the distance Dmin can be calculated by:Dmin = lli=1dtlcos (ptl(4)

[0156] It is to be understood that averaging across L (e.g., L=2) measurements may improve the accuracy even though single measurement could be also used if AoA and ranging measurements are reliable enough.

[0157] Furthermore, a distance DUE TRP = ~ ^min ~canbe calculated accordingly.

[0158] It is also possible that the Dmin is available in some scenarios. In this case, dtiand dt2are known by the measurement, (ptlis unknown, but Dmin is known by network deployment or from previous estimations.

[0159] Then, first <ptlcan be estimated by Dmin and dtibased on the following Equation:

[0160] Next, solve the following second-order equation to find Ad and taking the nonnegative output value:Ad2— 2dtiAd sin p + d2t— d22= 0 (6)

[0161] Then the speed of the UE 710 can be calculated by the Equation (3) described above and a distance DUE TRP = d^ — £) An— Ad can be calculated accordingly.

[0162] As described, the present disclosure proposes a mechanism to determine the optimal mobility setting based on the accurate knowledge of coverage characterized by the shortest distance between the TRP and the track (i.e., Dmin). In particular, the proposed solution involves determining new mobility configurations (e.g., new Rx beam sweeping factors, measurement and report configuration, thresholds for mobility measurement events, etc.) based on per TRP Dmin.

[0163] Hence, the proposed scheme allows UE and / or network to adopt TRP specific mobility setting for high-speed UE, optimizing for TRP specific coverage, reducing latency due to optimized Rx beam sweeping factor and enabling correct trigger of changing mobility events (i.e., by TRP-specific HO / beam switching triggering conditions such as threshold for RSRP level, etc.), as such ensuring mobility robustness.

[0164] FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of an example method 800 implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 800 will be described from the perspective of the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.

[0165] At block 810, the first apparatus determines distance information associated with a distance between a second apparatus serving the first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving.

[0166] At block 820, the first apparatus reports, to the second apparatus, the distance information and one or more corresponding mobility parameters of the first apparatus.

[0167] At block 830, in accordance with a determination that a mobility configuration associated with the distance information is received, at block 840, the first apparatus adjusts a beamforming by performing at least one radio resource management, RRM, measurement based on the mobility configuration.

[0168] In some example embodiments, the method 800 further comprises: in accordance with a determination that a request for the distance information is received from the second apparatus, determining the distance information.

[0169] In some example embodiments, the method 800 further comprises: obtaining a configuration of one or more resources of at least one downlink reference signal; and determining the distance information and the one or more corresponding mobility parameters by performing measurement for the at least one downlink reference signal based on the configuration.

[0170] In some example embodiments, the one or more corresponding mobility parameters comprises at least one of the following: a speed of the first apparatus, or a coverage of the second apparatus relative to the first apparatus.

[0171] In some example embodiments, the distance information indicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

[0172] In some example embodiments, the mobility configuration comprises at least one of the following: a receive beam sweeping factor, a configuration associated with measurement and reporting of the at least one RRM measurement, or respective thresholds for at least one mobility measurement event.

[0173] In some example embodiments, the method 800 further comprises: receiving, along with the mobility configuration, an additional configuration for a conditional handover or beam switch corresponding to the distance information.

[0174] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device and the second apparatus comprises a network node.

[0175] FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of an example method 900 implemented at a second apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 900 will be described from the perspective of thesecond apparatus 120 in FIG. 1.

[0176] At block 910, the second apparatus receives, from a first apparatus, distance information associated with a distance between the second apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving and one or more corresponding mobility parameters of the first apparatus.

[0177] At block 920, the second apparatus determines a mobility configuration based on the distance information and the one or more corresponding mobility parameters.

[0178] At block 930, the second apparatus transmits, to the first apparatus, the mobility configuration associated with the distance information.

[0179] In some example embodiments, the method 900 further comprises: transmitting, to the first apparatus, a request for the distance information.

[0180] In some example embodiments, the method 900 further comprises: transmitting, to the first apparatus, a configuration of one or more resources of at least one downlink reference signal for a determination of the distance information by the first apparatus.

[0181] In some example embodiments, the one or more corresponding mobility parameters comprises at least one of the following: a speed of the first apparatus, or a coverage of the second apparatus relative to the first apparatus.

[0182] In some example embodiments, the distance information indicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

[0183] In some example embodiments, the mobility configuration comprises at least one of the following: a receive beam sweeping factor, a configuration associated with measurement and reporting of the at least one RRM measurement, or respective thresholds for at least one mobility measurement event.

[0184] In some example embodiments, the method 900 further comprises: in accordance with a determination that the distance information indicates that an early trigger configuration change is to be required, transmitting to the first apparatus, an additional configuration for a conditional handover or beam switch corresponding to the distance information.

[0185] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal deviceand the second apparatus comprises a network node.

[0186] FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of an example method 1000 implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1000 will be described from the perspective of the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.

[0187] At block 1010, the first apparatus receives from a second apparatus, a mobility configuration associated with first distance information of a distance between a second apparatus serving the first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving.

[0188] At block 1020, in accordance with a determination that a difference between the first distance information and second distance information, that is determined by the first apparatus for the distance, exceeds a threshold, at block 1030, the first apparatus transmits the second distance information to the second apparatus.

[0189] At block 1030, the first apparatus receives an update of the mobility configuration from the second apparatus.

[0190] In some example embodiments, the method 1000 further comprises: receiving, from the second apparatus, the first distance information along with the mobility configuration.

[0191] In some example embodiments, the method 1000 further comprises: receiving, from the second apparatus, a request for the first apparatus to check an accuracy of the first distance information.

[0192] In some example embodiments, the method 1000 further comprises: in accordance with a determination that a difference between the first distance information and second distance information, that is determined by the first apparatus for the distance, does not exceed the threshold, adjusting a beamforming by performing at least one radio resource management, RRM, measurement based on the mobility configuration.

[0193] In some example embodiments, the method 1000 further comprises: adjusting a beamforming by performing at least one radio resource management, RRM, measurement based on the update of the mobility configuration.

[0194] In some example embodiments, the first and the second distance information indicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

[0195] In some example embodiments, the mobility configuration comprises at least one of the following: a receive beam sweeping factor, a configuration associated with measurement and reporting of the at least one RRM measurement, or respective thresholds for at least one mobility measurement event.

[0196] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device and the second apparatus comprises a network node.

[0197] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of an example method 1100 implemented at a second apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1100 will be described from the perspective of the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1.

[0198] At block 1110, the second apparatus determines a mobility configuration based on first distance information of a distance between the second apparatus serving a first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving.

[0199] At block 1120, the second apparatus transmits the mobility configuration associated with the first distance information to the first apparatus.

[0200] At block 1130, in accordance with a determination that second distance information of the distance is received from the first apparatus, at block 1140, the second apparatus updates the mobility configuration based on the second distance information.

[0201] At block 1140, the second apparatus transmits the update of the mobility configuration to the first apparatus.

[0202] In some example embodiments, the method 1100 further comprises: determining the first distance information from at least one of the following: a distance information report previously received, information of a reference distance.

[0203] In some example embodiments, the method 1100 further comprises: transmitting, to the first apparatus, the first distance information along with the mobility configuration.

[0204] In some example embodiments, the method 1100 further comprises: receiving, from the second apparatus, a request for the first apparatus to check an accuracy of thefirst distance information.

[0205] In some example embodiments, the first and the second distance information indicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

[0206] In some example embodiments, the mobility configuration comprises at least one of the following: a receive beam sweeping factor, a configuration associated with measurement and reporting of the at least one RRM measurement, or respective thresholds for at least one mobility measurement event.

[0207] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device and the second apparatus comprises a network node.

[0208] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart of an example method 1200 implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1200 will be described from the perspective of the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.

[0209] At block 1210, the first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a plurality of mobility configurations corresponding to different distances between a network node and a railway track.

[0210] At block 1220, the first apparatus selects a target mobility configuration from the plurality of mobility configurations.

[0211] At block 1230, the first apparatus adjusts a beamforming by performing at least one radio resource management, RRM, measurement based on the target mobility configuration.

[0212] In some example embodiments, the method 1200 further comprises: in accordance with a determination that an indication of the target mobility configuration is received from the second apparatus, selecting the target mobility configuration based on the indication.

[0213] In some example embodiments, the method 1200 further comprises: determining a distance between the second apparatus serving the first apparatus and the railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; and transmitting information of the distance to the second apparatus.

[0214] In some example embodiments, the method 1200 further comprises: determining a distance between the second apparatus serving the first apparatus and the railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; and in accordance with a determination that the distance corresponds to a first mobility configuration in the plurality of mobility configurations, selecting the first mobility configuration as the target mobility configuration.

[0215] In some example embodiments, the method 1200 further comprises: reporting, to the second apparatus, an indication of the target mobility configuration.

[0216] In some example embodiments, the method 1200 further comprises: transmitting information of the distance to the second apparatus.

[0217] In some example embodiments, the method 1200 further comprises: obtaining a configuration of one or more resources of at least one downlink reference signal; and determining the distance and one or more corresponding mobility parameters by performing measurement for the at least one downlink reference signal based on the configuration.

[0218] In some example embodiments, the one or more corresponding mobility parameters comprises at least one of the following: a speed of the first apparatus, or a coverage of the second apparatus relative to the first apparatus.

[0219] In some example embodiments, the distance information indicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

[0220] In some example embodiments, a mobility configuration comprises at least one of the following: a receive beam sweeping factor, a configuration associated with measurement and reporting of the at least one RRM measurement, or respective thresholds for at least one mobility measurement event.

[0221] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device and the second apparatus comprises a network node.

[0222] FIG. 13 shows a flowchart of an example method 1300 implemented at a second apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1300 will be described from the perspective of thesecond apparatus 120 in FIG. 1.

[0223] At block 1310, the second apparatus determines a plurality of mobility configurations corresponding to different distances between a network node and a railway track.

[0224] At block 1320, the second apparatus transmits, to a first apparatus, the plurality of mobility configurations and corresponding different distances.

[0225] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: transmitting, to the first apparatus, an indication of a target mobility configuration, from the plurality of mobility configurations, to be applied by the first apparatus.

[0226] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: transmitting, to the first apparatus, a request for the first apparatus to report a distance between the second apparatus serving the first apparatus and the railway track on which the first apparatus is moving.

[0227] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: receiving, from the first apparatus, an indication of a target mobility configuration selected by the first apparatus from the plurality of mobility configurations.

[0228] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: receiving, from the first apparatus, information of a distance between the second apparatus serving the first apparatus and the railway track on which the first apparatus is moving.

[0229] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: transmitting, to the first apparatus, a configuration of one or more resources of at least one downlink reference signal for a determination of the distance.

[0230] In some example embodiments, the one or more corresponding mobility parameters comprises at least one of the following: a speed of the first apparatus, or a coverage of the second apparatus relative to the first apparatus.

[0231] In some example embodiments, the distance information indicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

[0232] In some example embodiments, a mobility configuration comprises at least one of the following: a receive beam sweeping factor, a configuration associated withmeasurement and reporting of the at least one RRM measurement, or respective thresholds for at least one mobility measurement event.

[0233] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device and the second apparatus comprises a network node.

[0234] FIG. 14 shows a flowchart of an example method 1400 implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1400 will be described from the perspective of the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.

[0235] At block 1410, the first apparatus 110 determines respective location information of the first apparatus on a railway track at respective time points during a movement of the first apparatus along with the railway track.

[0236] At block 1420, the first apparatus 110 determines determine at least two distances between the first apparatus and a second apparatus at the respective time points based on the respective location information.

[0237] At block 1430, the first apparatus 110 determines a target distance between the second apparatus and the railway track based on the at least two distances and the respective location information.

[0238] In some example embodiments, the method 1400 further comprises: obtaining a configuration of one or more resources of at least one downlink reference signal; and determining the respective location information relative to locations of the first apparatus at least based on downlink reference signals received by the first apparatus at the respective time points and corresponding measurement configuration.

[0239] In some example embodiments, location information comprises at least one of the following: an angle of arrival, AoA, a time difference of arrival, TDoA a time of arrival, ToA, a reference signal received power, RSRP, a reference signal received path power, RSRPP, or a line of sight, LOS, probability.

[0240] In some example embodiments, the method 1400 further comprises: determining a first distance between the first apparatus and the second apparatus at a first time point and a second distance between the first apparatus and the second apparatus at a secondtime point; determining a first AoA associated with a first location of the first apparatus at the first time point and a second AoA associated with a second location of the first apparatus at the second time point; determining a first estimated distance between the second apparatus and the railway track based on the first distance and the first AoA and a second estimated distance between the second apparatus and the railway track based on the second distance and the second AoA; and determining the target distance between the second apparatus and the railway track by averaging the first and the second estimated distances.

[0241] In some example embodiments, the method 1400 further comprises: determining, based on the at least two distances and at least one location information in the respective location information, at least one of the following: a speed of the first apparatus, or a movement distance of the first apparatus associated with the respective time points.

[0242] In some example embodiments, the target distance indicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

[0243] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device and the second apparatus comprises a network node.

[0244] In some example embodiments, a first apparatus capable of performing any of the method 800 (for example, the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 800. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The first apparatus may be implemented as or included in the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.

[0245] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises means for determining distance information associated with a distance between a second apparatus serving the first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; means for reporting, to the second apparatus, the distance information and one or more corresponding mobility parameters of the first apparatus; and means for in accordance with a determination that a mobility configuration associated with the distance information is received, adjusting a beamforming by performing at least one radio resource management, RRM, measurement based on the mobility configuration.

[0246] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for in accordance with a determination that a request for the distance information is received from the second apparatus, determining the distance information.

[0247] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for obtaining a configuration of one or more resources of at least one downlink reference signal; and means for determining the distance information and the one or more corresponding mobility parameters by performing measurement for the at least one downlink reference signal based on the configuration.

[0248] In some example embodiments, the one or more corresponding mobility parameters comprises at least one of the following: a speed of the first apparatus, or a coverage of the second apparatus relative to the first apparatus.

[0249] In some example embodiments, the distance information indicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

[0250] In some example embodiments, the mobility configuration comprises at least one of the following: a receive beam sweeping factor, a configuration associated with measurement and reporting of the at least one RRM measurement, or respective thresholds for at least one mobility measurement event.

[0251] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, along with the mobility configuration, an additional configuration for a conditional handover or beam switch corresponding to the distance information.

[0252] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device and the second apparatus comprises a network node.

[0253] In some example embodiments, a second apparatus capable of performing any of the method 900 (for example, the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 900. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The second apparatus may be implemented as or included in the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1.

[0254] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus comprises means forreceiving, from a first apparatus, distance information associated with a distance between the second apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving and one or more corresponding mobility parameters of the first apparatus; means for determining a mobility configuration based on the distance information and the one or more corresponding mobility parameters; and means for transmitting, to the first apparatus, the mobility configuration associated with the distance information.

[0255] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the first apparatus, a request for the distance information.

[0256] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the first apparatus, a configuration of one or more resources of at least one downlink reference signal for a determination of the distance information by the first apparatus.

[0257] In some example embodiments, the one or more corresponding mobility parameters comprises at least one of the following: a speed of the first apparatus, or a coverage of the second apparatus relative to the first apparatus.

[0258] In some example embodiments, the distance information indicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

[0259] In some example embodiments, the mobility configuration comprises at least one of the following: a receive beam sweeping factor, a configuration associated with measurement and reporting of the at least one RRM measurement, or respective thresholds for at least one mobility measurement event.

[0260] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for in accordance with a determination that the distance information indicates that an early trigger configuration change is to be required, transmitting to the first apparatus, an additional configuration for a conditional handover or beam switch corresponding to the distance information.

[0261] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device and the second apparatus comprises a network node.

[0262] In some example embodiments, a first apparatus capable of performing any of themethod 1000 (for example, the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1000. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The first apparatus may be implemented as or included in the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.

[0263] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second apparatus, a mobility configuration associated with first distance information of a distance between a second apparatus serving the first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; means for in accordance with a determination that a difference between the first distance information and second distance information, that is determined by the first apparatus for the distance, exceeds a threshold, transmit the second distance information to the second apparatus; and means for receiving an update of the mobility configuration from the second apparatus.

[0264] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the second apparatus, the first distance information along with the mobility configuration.

[0265] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the second apparatus, a request for the first apparatus to check an accuracy of the first distance information.

[0266] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for in accordance with a determination that a difference between the first distance information and second distance information, that is determined by the first apparatus for the distance, does not exceed the threshold, adjusting a beamforming by performing at least one radio resource management, RRM, measurement based on the mobility configuration.

[0267] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for adjusting a beamforming by performing at least one radio resource management, RRM, measurement based on the update of the mobility configuration.

[0268] In some example embodiments, the first and the second distance information indicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

[0269] In some example embodiments, the mobility configuration comprises at least oneof the following: a receive beam sweeping factor, a configuration associated with measurement and reporting of the at least one RRM measurement, or respective thresholds for at least one mobility measurement event.

[0270] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device and the second apparatus comprises a network node.

[0271] In some example embodiments, a second apparatus capable of performing any of the method 1100 (for example, the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1100. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The second apparatus may be implemented as or included in the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1.

[0272] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus comprises means for determining a mobility configuration based on first distance information of a distance between the second apparatus serving a first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; means for transmitting the mobility configuration associated with the first distance information to the first apparatus; means for in accordance with a determination that second distance information of the distance is received from the first apparatus, updating the mobility configuration based on the second distance information; and means for transmitting the update of the mobility configuration to the first apparatus.

[0273] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises means for determining the first distance information from at least one of the following: means for a distance information report previously received, means for information of a reference distance.

[0274] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the first apparatus, the first distance information along with the mobility configuration.

[0275] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the second apparatus, a request for the first apparatus to check an accuracy of the first distance information.

[0276] In some example embodiments, the first and the second distance informationindicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

[0277] In some example embodiments, the mobility configuration comprises at least one of the following: a receive beam sweeping factor, a configuration associated with measurement and reporting of the at least one RRM measurement, or respective thresholds for at least one mobility measurement event.

[0278] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device and the second apparatus comprises a network node.

[0279] In some example embodiments, a first apparatus capable of performing any of the method 1200 (for example, the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1200. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The first apparatus may be implemented as or included in the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.

[0280] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second apparatus, a plurality of mobility configurations corresponding to different distances between a network node and a railway track; means for selecting a target mobility configuration from the plurality of mobility configurations; and means for adjusting a beamforming by performing at least one radio resource management, RRM, measurement based on the target mobility configuration.

[0281] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for in accordance with a determination that an indication of the target mobility configuration is received from the second apparatus, selecting the target mobility configuration based on the indication.

[0282] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for determining a distance between the second apparatus serving the first apparatus and the railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; and means for transmitting information of the distance to the second apparatus.

[0283] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for determining a distance between the second apparatus serving the first apparatus and the railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; and means for in accordance with adetermination that the distance corresponds to a first mobility configuration in the plurality of mobility configurations, selecting the first mobility configuration as the target mobility configuration.

[0284] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for reporting, to the second apparatus, an indication of the target mobility configuration.

[0285] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting information of the distance to the second apparatus.

[0286] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for obtaining a configuration of one or more resources of at least one downlink reference signal; and means for determining the distance and one or more corresponding mobility parameters by performing measurement for the at least one downlink reference signal based on the configuration.

[0287] In some example embodiments, the one or more corresponding mobility parameters comprises at least one of the following: a speed of the first apparatus, or a coverage of the second apparatus relative to the first apparatus.

[0288] In some example embodiments, the distance information indicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

[0289] In some example embodiments, a mobility configuration comprises at least one of the following: a receive beam sweeping factor, a configuration associated with measurement and reporting of the at least one RRM measurement, or respective thresholds for at least one mobility measurement event.

[0290] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device and the second apparatus comprises a network node.

[0291] In some example embodiments, a second apparatus capable of performing any of the method 1300 (for example, the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1300. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The second apparatus may be implemented as or included in the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1.

[0292] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus comprises means for determining a plurality of mobility configurations corresponding to different distances between a network node and a railway track; and means for transmitting, to a first apparatus, the plurality of mobility configurations and corresponding different distances.

[0293] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus is caused to: means for transmitting, to the first apparatus, an indication of a target mobility configuration, from the plurality of mobility configurations, to be applied by the first apparatus.

[0294] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the first apparatus, a request for the first apparatus to report a distance between the second apparatus serving the first apparatus and the railway track on which the first apparatus is moving.

[0295] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the first apparatus, an indication of a target mobility configuration selected by the first apparatus from the plurality of mobility configurations.

[0296] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the first apparatus, information of a distance between the second apparatus serving the first apparatus and the railway track on which the first apparatus is moving.

[0297] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the first apparatus, a configuration of one or more resources of at least one downlink reference signal for a determination of the distance.

[0298] In some example embodiments, the one or more corresponding mobility parameters comprises at least one of the following: a speed of the first apparatus, or a coverage of the second apparatus relative to the first apparatus.

[0299] In some example embodiments, the distance information indicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

[0300] In some example embodiments, a mobility configuration comprises at least one of the following: a receive beam sweeping factor, a configuration associated with measurement and reporting of the at least one RRM measurement, or respective thresholdsfor at least one mobility measurement event.

[0301] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device and the second apparatus comprises a network node.

[0302] In some example embodiments, a first apparatus capable of performing any of the method 1400 (for example, the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1400. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The first apparatus may be implemented as or included in the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.

[0303] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises means for determining respective location information of the first apparatus on a railway track at respective time points during a movement of the first apparatus along with the railway track; means for determining at least two distances between the first apparatus and a second apparatus at the respective time points based on the respective location information; and means for determining a target distance between the second apparatus and the railway track based on the at least two distances and the respective location information.

[0304] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for obtaining a configuration of one or more resources of at least one downlink reference signal; and means for determining the respective location information relative to locations of the first apparatus at least based on downlink reference signals received by the first apparatus at the respective time points and corresponding measurement configuration.

[0305] In some example embodiments, location information comprises at least one of the following: an angle of arrival, AoA, a time difference of arrival, TDoA a time of arrival, ToA, a reference signal received power, RSRP, a reference signal received path power, RSRPP, or a line of sight, LOS, probability.

[0306] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for determining a first distance between the first apparatus and the second apparatus at a first time point and a second distance between the first apparatus and the second apparatus at a second time point; means for determining a first AoA associated with a first location of the first apparatus at the first time point and a second AoA associated with a secondlocation of the first apparatus at the second time point; means for determining a first estimated distance between the second apparatus and the railway track based on the first distance and the first AoA and a second estimated distance between the second apparatus and the railway track based on the second distance and the second AoA; and means for determining the target distance between the second apparatus and the railway track by averaging the first and the second estimated distances.

[0307] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for determining, based on the at least two distances and at least one location information in the respective location information, at least one of the following: means for a speed of the first apparatus, or means for a movement distance of the first apparatus associated with the respective time points.

[0308] In some example embodiments, the target distance indicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

[0309] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device and the second apparatus comprises a network node.

[0310] FIG. 15 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1500 that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1500 may be provided to implement a communication device, for example, the first apparatus 110 or the second apparatus 120 as shown in FIG. 1. As shown, the device 1500 includes one or more processors 1510, one or more memories 1520 coupled to the processor 1510, and one or more communication modules 1540 coupled to the processor 1510.

[0311] The communication module 1540 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 1540 has one or more communication interfaces to facilitate communication with one or more other modules or devices. The communication interfaces may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements. In some example embodiments, the communication module 1540 may include at least one antenna.

[0312] The processor 1510 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based onmulticore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1500 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.

[0313] The memory 1520 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 1524, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM), a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD), a digital video disk (DVD), an optical disk, a laser disk, and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random-access memory (RAM) 1522 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.

[0314] A computer program 1530 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 1510. The instructions of the program 1530 may include instructions for performing operations / acts of some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The program 1530 may be stored in the memory, e.g., the ROM 1524. The processor 1510 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 1530 into the RAM 1522.

[0315] The example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 1530 so that the device 1500 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 14. The example embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.

[0316] In some example embodiments, the program 1530 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 1500 (such as in the memory 1520) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 1500. The device 1500 may load the program 1530 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 1522 for execution. In some example embodiments, the computer readable medium may include any types of non-transitory storage medium, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. The term “non-transitory,” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM).

[0317] FIG. 16 shows an example of the computer readable medium 1600 which may be in form of CD, DVD or other optical storage disk. The computer readable medium 1600 has the program 1530 stored thereon.

[0318] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, and other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. Although various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

[0319] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure also provide at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a computer readable medium, such as a non- transitory computer readable medium. The computer program product includes computerexecutable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target physical or virtual processor, to carry out any of the methods as described above. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.

[0320] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. The program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may executeentirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.

[0321] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.

[0322] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0323] Further, although operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, although several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Unless explicitly stated, certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, unless explicitly stated, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in a plurality of embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.

[0324] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific featuresor acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A first apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to: receive, from a second apparatus, a mobility configuration associated with first distance information of a distance between a second apparatus serving the first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; in accordance with a determination that a difference between the first distance information and second distance information, that is determined by the first apparatus for the distance, exceeds a threshold, transmit the second distance information to the second apparatus; and receive an update of the mobility configuration from the second apparatus.

2. The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus is caused to: receive, from the second apparatus, the first distance information along with the mobility configuration.

3. The first apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first apparatus is caused to: receive, from the second apparatus, a request for the first apparatus to check an accuracy of the first distance information.

4. The first apparatus of any of claims 1-3, wherein the first apparatus is caused to: in accordance with a determination that a difference between the first distance information and second distance information, that is determined by the first apparatus for the distance, does not exceed the threshold, adjust a direction of beamforming by performing at least one radio resource management, RRM, measurement based on the mobility configuration.

5. The first apparatus of claims 1-3, wherein the first apparatus is caused to: adjust a direction of beamforming by performing at least one radio resource55management, RRM, measurement based on the update of the mobility configuration.

6. The first apparatus of any of claims 1-5, wherein the first and the second distance information indicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

7. The first apparatus of any of claims 1-6, wherein the mobility configuration comprises at least one of the following: a receive beam sweeping factor, a configuration associated with measurement and reporting of the at least one RRM measurement, or respective thresholds for at least one mobility measurement event.

8. The first apparatus of any of claims 1-7, wherein the first apparatus comprises a terminal device and the second apparatus comprises a network node.

9. A second apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus at least to: determine a mobility configuration based on first distance information of a distance between the second apparatus serving a first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; transmit the mobility configuration associated with the first distance information to the first apparatus; in accordance with a determination that second distance information of the distance is received from the first apparatus, update the mobility configuration based on the second distance information; and transmit the update of the mobility configuration to the first apparatus.

10. The second apparatus of claim 9, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:\ determine the first distance information from at least one of the following: a distance information report previously received,56information of a reference distance.

11. The second apparatus of claim 9 or 10, wherein the first apparatus is caused to: transmit, to the first apparatus, the first distance information along with the mobility configuration.

12. The second apparatus of any of claims 9-11, wherein the first apparatus is caused to: receive, from the second apparatus, a request for the first apparatus to check an accuracy of the first distance information.

13. The second apparatus of any of claims 9-12, wherein the first and the second distance information indicates a minimum distance between the second apparatus and the railway track.

14. The second apparatus of any of claims 9-13, wherein the mobility configuration comprises at least one of the following: a receive beam sweeping factor, a configuration associated with measurement and reporting of the at least one RRM measurement, or respective thresholds for at least one mobility measurement event.

15. The second apparatus of any of claims 9-14, wherein the first apparatus comprises a terminal device and the second apparatus comprises a network node.

16. A method comprising: receiving, from a second apparatus, a mobility configuration associated with first distance information of a distance between a second apparatus serving the first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; in accordance with a determination that a difference between the first distance information and second distance information, that is determined by the first apparatus for the distance, exceeds a threshold difference, transmit the second distance information to the second apparatus; and receiving an update of the mobility configuration from the second apparatus.5717. A method comprising: determining a mobility configuration based on first distance information of a distance between the second apparatus serving a first apparatus and a railway track on which the first apparatus is moving; transmitting the mobility configuration associated with the first distance information to the first apparatus; in accordance with a determination that second distance information of the distance is received from the first apparatus, updating the mobility configuration based on the second distance information; and transmitting the update of the mobility configuration to the first apparatus.58

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