Duplication transmission in user equipment (UE) -to-UE relay
By transmitting multiple packet duplicates in UE-to-UE relays, the solution addresses latency and reliability issues, enhancing communication efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
In UE-to-UE relays, latency requirements are not satisfied due to long routes, and existing methods like RLC acknowledge mode with retransmissions introduce additional delay, affecting reliability and efficiency of sidelink communications.
Implementing duplication transmission by sending multiple duplicates of a packet via at least one hop in the UE-to-UE relay, independent of feedback, to enhance reliability and reduce latency.
This approach increases reliability and reduces latency in sidelink communications by transmitting multiple packet duplicates, improving the overall performance of UE-to-UE relays.
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Figure CN2024130447_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DUPLICATION TRANSMISSION IN USER EQUIPMENT (UE) -TO-UE RELAY
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods associated with duplication transmission in a user equipment (UE) -to-UE relay.
[0003] DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services, which may involve carrying or supporting voice, text, other messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication among multiple wireless communication devices including user devices or other devices by sharing the available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Such multiple-access RATs are supported by technological advancements that have been adopted in various telecommunication standards, which define common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a local, municipal, national, regional, or global level.
[0005] An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other RATs beyond NR) may be designed to better support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, Internet of things (IoT) networks or reduced capability device deployments, and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) applications. To support these verticals, NR systems may be designed to implement a modularized functional infrastructure, a disaggregated and service-based network architecture, network function virtualization, network slicing, multi-access edge computing, millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for connectivity continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other RATs, such as 6G and beyond, may be introduced to enable new applications and facilitate new use cases.SUMMARY
[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication. The UE may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to determine to perform duplication transmission for a sidelink communication associated with a UE-to-UE relay based at least in part on configuration information associated with the UE. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to transmit a plurality of duplicates of a packet of the sidelink communication via at least one hop of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a UE for wireless communication. The UE may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to receive, via at least one hop of a UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of a packet of a sidelink communication. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to perform duplication detection for the packet. The one or more processors may be configured to discard one or more of the plurality of duplicates of the packet in connection with the duplication detection.
[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a relay UE for wireless communication. The relay UE may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to receive, from a first remote UE of a UE-to-UE relay, a packet of a sidelink communication. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to transmit, to a second remote UE of the UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication.
[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a UE. The method may include determining to perform duplication transmission for a sidelink communication associated with a UE-to-UE relay based at least in part on configuration information associated with the UE. The method may include transmitting a plurality of duplicates of a packet of the sidelink communication via at least one hop of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a UE. The method may include receiving, via at least one hop of a UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of a packet of a sidelink communication. The method may include performing duplication detection for the packet. The method may include discarding one or more of the plurality of duplicates of the packet in connection with the duplication detection.
[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a relay UE. The method may include receiving, from a first remote UE of a UE-to-UE relay, a packet of a sidelink communication. The method may include transmitting, to a second remote UE of the UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication.
[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to determine to perform duplication transmission for a sidelink communication associated with a UE-to-UE relay based at least in part on configuration information associated with the UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to transmit a plurality of duplicates of a packet of the sidelink communication via at least one hop of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0013] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive, via at least one hop of a UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of a packet of a sidelink communication. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to perform duplication detection for the packet. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to discard one or more of the plurality of duplicates of the packet in connection with the duplication detection.
[0014] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a relay UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the relay UE, may cause the relay UE to receive, from a first remote UE of a UE-to-UE relay, a packet of a sidelink communication. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the relay UE, may cause the relay UE to transmit, to a second remote UE of the UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication.
[0015] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for determining to perform for duplication transmission for a sidelink communication associated with a UE-to-UE relay based at least in part on configuration information associated with the apparatus. The apparatus may include means for transmitting a plurality of duplicates of a packet of the sidelink communication via at least one hop of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0016] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving, via at least one hop of a UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of a packet of a sidelink communication. The apparatus may include means for performing duplication detection for the packet. The apparatus may include means for discarding one or more of the plurality of duplicates of the packet in connection with the duplication detection.
[0017] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving, from a first remote UE of a UE-to-UE relay, a packet of a sidelink communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, to a second remote UE of the UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication.
[0018] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, this specification and accompanying drawings.
[0019] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0021] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated network node architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of establishing a user equipment (UE) -to-UE relay connection in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating example protocol architectures for a layer 2 (L2) UE-to-UE relay in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0025] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with duplication transmission in a UE-to-UE relay, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0026] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0027] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0028] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a relay UE or an apparatus of a relay UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0029] Fig. 9 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms. The present disclosure is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0031] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0032] Some wireless communication networks may include one or more relay devices. For example, in a user equipment (UE) -to-UE (U2U) relay, a relay UE may relay communications between a source UE that originates relayed traffic and a destination UE that is a destination for the relayed traffic. The UEs in the UE-to-UE relay (e.g., the source UE, the relay UE, and the destination UE) may communicate using sidelink communications (e.g., via a PC5 interface) . In some examples, the source UE, the relay UE, and the destination UE may communicate to perform a relay connection setup procedure to establish a UE-to-UE relay connection. In some examples, the UE-to-UE relay may be a layer 2 (L2) relay. In this case, the UEs in the UE-to-UE relay (e.g., the source UE, the relay UE, and the destination UE) may communicate to manage end-to-end quality of service (QoS) parameters for an end-to-end link between the source UE and the destination UE, as well as QoS parameters for per-hop links between the source UE and the relay UE and between the relay UE and the destination UE.
[0033] In some examples, a PC5 QoS profile may include PC5 QoS parameters including a PC5 QoS identifier (PQI) , PC5 flow bit rates, PC5 link aggregated bit rates, a range, and default values. The PQI is a special 5G QoS indicator (5QI) that is used as a reference to multiple PC5 QoS characteristics, including: a resource type (guaranteed bit rate (GBR) , delay critical GBR, or non-GBR) ; a priority level; a packet delay budget (PDB) ; a packet error rate (PER) ; an averaging window (for GBR or delay critical GBR resource type only) ; and a maximum data burst volume (for delay critical GBR resource type only) . The PDB may indicate a latency parameter (e.g., a latency requirement) , and the PER may indicate a reliability parameter (e.g., a reliability requirement) .
[0034] In some examples, in a UE-to-UE relay, when the traffic is transmitted from a remote UE (e.g., the source UE) to a peer remote UE (e.g., the destination UE) , the latency requirement (e.g., the PDB) may not be satisfied due to the long route between the remote UE (e.g., the source UE) and the peer remote UE (e.g., the destination UE) . In order to guarantee the reliable transmission in a UE-to-UE relay, a radio link control (RLC) acknowledge mode (AM) and RLC retransmissions may be used on a sidelink hop. In this case, a transmitting (Tx) UE may receive feedback (e.g., acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) feedback) from a receiving (Rx) UE that indicates whether a transmission from the Tx UE has been successfully received and decoded by the Rx UE (e.g., in an RLC layer of the Rx UE) . If the Tx UE receives NACK feedback (e.g., indicating that the transmission was not successfully received and decoded by the Rx UE) , the Tx UE (e.g., the RLC layer of the Tx UE) may retransmit the transmission to the Rx UE. However, this may introduce additional delay due to the retransmission in the RLC layer and waiting for the feedback from the Rx UE.
[0035] Various aspects relate generally to duplication transmission in a UE-to-UE relay. “Duplication transmission” in a UE-to-UE relay refers to transmitting multiple duplicates of a packet (e.g., multiple duplicate transmissions of the packet) via at least one hop of the UE-to-UE relay, independent of feedback associated with the packet (e.g., ACK or NACK feedback indicating whether the packet has been successfully received and decoded) . In some aspects, a UE (e.g., a Tx UE, such as a source UE or a relay UE) may determine to perform duplication transmission for a sidelink communication associated with a UE-to-UE relay based at least in part on configuration information associated with the UE. The UE may transmit a plurality of duplicates of a packet of the sidelink communication via at least one hop of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0036] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by the UE transmitting a plurality of duplicates of a packet of a sidelink communication via at least one hop of the UE-to-UE relay, the described techniques can be used to increase reliability and reduce latency for relayed sidelink communications in a UE-to-UE relay.
[0037] As described above, wireless communication systems may be deployed to provide various services, which may involve carrying or supporting voice, text, other messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. Some wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) . The multiple-access RATs may be capable of supporting communication with multiple wireless communication devices by sharing the available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0038] Multiple-access RATs are supported by technological advancements that have been adopted in various telecommunication standards, which define common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a local, municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR may support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, Internet of Things (IoT) networks or reduced capability (RedCap) device deployments, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) applications, and / or massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , among other examples.
[0039] To support these and other target verticals, a wireless communication system may be designed to implement a modularized functional infrastructure, a disaggregated and service-based network architecture, network function virtualization, network slicing, multi-access edge computing, millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , beamforming, IoT device or RedCap device connectivity and management, industrial connectivity, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , frequency spectrum expansion, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication (for example, sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) ) , multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, network energy savings (NES) , low-power signaling and radios, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples.
[0040] The foregoing and other technological improvements may support use cases, such as wireless fronthauls, wireless midhauls, wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples.
[0041] As the demand for connectivity continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other RATs, such as 6G and beyond, may be introduced to enable new applications and facilitate new use cases. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies or new technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases or new use cases.
[0042] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110. For example, in Fig. 1, the wireless communication network 100 includes a network node (NN) 110a and a network node 110b. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120. For example, in Fig. 1, the network nodes 110 support communication with a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e. In some examples, a UE 120 may also communicate with other UEs 120 and a network node 110 may communicate with a core network and with other network nodes 110.
[0043] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless communication networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency bands or ranges. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with other RATs. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may support communication over unlicensed spectrum, where access to an unlicensed channel is subject to a channel access mechanism. For example, in a shared or unlicensed frequency band, a transmitting device may perform a channel access procedure, such as a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure, to contend against other devices for channel access before transmitting on a shared or unlicensed channel.
[0044] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into the mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to mid-band frequencies or to frequencies that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, FR5, and / or the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz.
[0045] A network node 110 and / or a UE 120 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication with other devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. For example, a UE 120 and a network node 110 may each include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system, such as a processing system 140 of the UE 120 or a processing system 145 of the network node 110. A processing system (for example, the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145) includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “processor” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . Such processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set. In some other examples, each of a group of processors may be configurable or configured to perform a same set of functions.
[0046] The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may each include memory circuitry in the form of one or multiple memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include or implement tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “memory” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code or instructions (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be configured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0047] The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may each include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a cellular (for example, a 5G or 6G compliant) modem) . In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145 include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may also include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145 include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains, or transceivers. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by the processing system 140 of the UE 120 or by the processing system 145 of the network node 110) .
[0048] A processing system (e.g., the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145) may generally be a system or a series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of, for example, the UE 120) . For example, the processing system 140 of the UE 120 may be a system that includes the various other components or subcomponents of the UE 120. The processing system 140 of the network node 110 may be a system that includes the various other components or subcomponents of the network node 110.
[0049] The processing system 145 of the network node 110 may interface with one or more other components of the network node 110, may process information received from one or more other components (such as inputs or signals) , or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a chip or modem of the network node 110 may include the processing system 145, a first interface to receive or obtain information, and a second interface to output, transmit, or provide information. In some examples, the first interface may be an interface between the processing system 145 of the chip or modem and a receiver, such that the network node 110 may receive information or signal inputs, and the information may be passed to the processing system 145. In some examples, the second interface may be an interface between the processing system 145 of the chip or modem and a transmitter, such that the network node 110 may transmit information output from the chip or modem. Similarly, the processing system 140 of the UE 120 may interface with one or more other components of the UE 120, may process information received from one or more other components (such as inputs or signals) , or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a chip or modem of the UE 120 may include the processing system 140, a first interface to receive or obtain information, and a second interface to output, transmit, or provide information. In some examples, the first interface may be an interface between the processing system 140 of the chip or modem and a receiver, such that the UE 120 may receive information or signal inputs, and the information may be passed to the processing system 140. In some examples, the second interface may be an interface between the processing system 140 of the chip or modem and a transmitter, such that the UE 120 may transmit information output from the chip or modem. A person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the second interface described above also may obtain or receive information or signal inputs, and the first interface described above may also may output, transmit, or provide information.
[0050] A network node 110 and a UE 120 may each include one or multiple antennas or antenna arrays. Typical network nodes 110 and UEs 120 may include multiple antennas, which may be organized or structured into one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. As used herein, the term “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. The term “antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters associated with the group of antennas. The term “antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas as well as one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device such as the network node 110 and the UE 120.
[0051] A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) . In various deployments, a network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements a part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node having an aggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single physical structure in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that operates with a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0052] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , having a disaggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 110 may operate with a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. An example disaggregated network node architecture is described in more detail below with reference to Fig. 2. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating network functionality into multiple units or modules that can be individually deployed.
[0053] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layers, such as a radio resource control (RRC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host a lower PHY layer that is configured to perform functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (IFFT) , beamforming, and / or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. An RU may perform RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an IFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer split (LLS) . In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120. In some examples, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples, which may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as in a cloud deployment.
[0054] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. The term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or more cells (for example, each cell may support communication within an angular (for example, 60 degree) range around the network node) . In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with associated service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may also allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with associated service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node) .
[0055] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas (for example, a cell 130a and a cell 130b) , and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110.
[0056] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the coverage area of the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an access terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, or smart jewelry) , a gaming device, an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0057] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between that of the UEs 120 of the first category and that of the UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capability UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0058] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (for example, frames, subframes, slots, and symbols) , frequency domain resources (for example, frequency bands, component carriers (CCs) , subcarriers, resource blocks, and resource elements) , and spatial domain resources (for example, particular transmit directions or beams) .
[0059] Frequency domain resources may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous set of resource blocks (RBs) within a full component carrier bandwidth) that may be configured at a UE-specific level. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (which may be the same or different) . Each BWP may be associated with its own numerology (indicating a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) and cyclic prefix (CP) ) . A BWP may be dynamically configured or activated (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a downlink control information (DCI) configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured (for example, in real-time or near-real-time) according to changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or specific requirements of one or more UEs 120. An active BWP defines the operating bandwidth of the UE 120 within the operating bandwidth of the serving cell. The use of BWPs enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor and reduce UE power consumption by enabling the UE to monitor fewer frequency domain resources) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability (for example, RedCap) UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120 and / or by facilitating reduced UE power consumption.
[0060] As used herein, a downlink signal may be or include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, downlink reference signals include a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary SS (SSS) , an SS block (SSB) (for example, that includes a PSS, an SSS, and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) ) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , a tracking reference signal (TRS) , and a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) , among other examples. A downlink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via a downlink channel. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Downlink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, downlink control channel communications and / or downlink data channel communications. A downlink control channel may be specifically used to transmit DCI from a network node 110 to a UE 120. DCI generally contains the information the UE 120 needs to identify RBs in a subsequent subframe and how to decode them, including a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or redundancy version parameters. Different DCI formats carry different information, such as scheduling information in the form of downlink or uplink grants, slot formal indicators (SFIs) , preemption indicators (PIs) , transmit power control (TPC) commands, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information, new data indicators (NDIs) , among other examples. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PDCCH and PDSCH, respectively. For example, a PDCCH can carry DCI, while a PDSCH can carry a MAC control element (MAC-CE) , an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. Each PDSCH may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data.
[0061] As used herein, an uplink signal may include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, uplink reference signals include a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a PTRS, and a DMRS, among other examples. An uplink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via an uplink channel. An uplink channel may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Uplink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, uplink control channel communications and / or uplink data channel communications. An uplink control channel may be specifically used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PUCCH and PUSCH, respectively. For example, a PUCCH can carry UCI, while a PUSCH can carry a MAC-CE, an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. UCI can include a scheduling request (SR) , HARQ feedback information (for example, a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) indication or a HARQ negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication) , uplink power control information (for example, an uplink TPC parameter) , and / or CSI, among other examples. CSI can include a channel quality indicator (CQI) (indicative of downlink channel conditions to facilitate selection of transmission parameters, such as an MCS, by a network node 110) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit a CSI-RS) , an SS / PBCH resource block indicator (SSBRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit an SSB) , a layer indicator (LI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and / or measurement information (for example, a layer 1 (L1) -reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, among other examples) which can be used for beam management, among other examples. Each PUSCH may carry one or more TBs of data.
[0062] The information (for example, data, control information, or reference signal information) transmitted by a network node 110 to a UE 120, or vice versa, may be represented as a sequence of binary bits that are mapped (for example, modulated) to an analog signal waveform (for example, a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) -spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform or a CP-OFDM waveform) that is transmitted by the network node 110 or UE 120 over a wireless communication channel. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively) may select an MCS (for example, an order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) , such as 64-QAM, 128-QAM, or 256-QAM, among other examples) for a downlink signal or an uplink signal. For example, the network node 110 may select an MCS for a downlink signal in accordance with UCI received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may transmit, to the UE 120, an indication of the selected MCS for the downlink signal, such as via DCI that schedules the downlink signal. As another example, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication of an MCS to be applied for the one or more uplink signals, such as via DCI scheduling transmission of the one or more uplink signals.
[0063] The network node 110 or the UE 120 (such as by using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing on the information (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, an IFFT operation, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, and / or encoding, among other examples) to generate a processed signal in accordance with the selected MCS. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or one or more coupled encoders or modems) may perform a channel coding operation or a forward error correction (FEC) operation to control errors in transmitted information. For example, the network node 110 or the UE 120 may perform an encoding operation to generate encoded information (such as by selectively introducing redundancy into the information, typically using an error correction code (ECC) , such as a polar code or a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code) . The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 and / or one or more modems) may further perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the encoded information to generate one or more processed or precoded signals for downlink or uplink transmission, respectively. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 may perform codebook-based precoding or non-codebook-based precoding. Codebook-based precoding may involve selecting a precoder (for example, a precoding matrix) using a codebook. For example, the network node 110 may provide precoding information indicating which precoder, defined by the codebook, is to be used by the UE 120. Non-codebook-based precoding may involve selecting or deriving a precoder based on, or otherwise associated with, one or more downlink or uplink signal measurements. The network node 110 or the UE 120 may transmit the processed downlink or uplink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas.
[0064] The network node 110 or the UE 120 may receive uplink signals or downlink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas. The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing (for example, in accordance with the MCS) on the received uplink or downlink signals, respectively (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, an FFT operation, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, and / or decoding, among other examples) , to map the received signal (s) to a sequence of binary bits (for example, received information) that estimates the information transmitted by the network node 110 or the UE 120 via the downlink or uplink signals. The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or a coupled decoder or one or more modems) may decode the received information (such as by using an ECC, a decoding operation, and / or an FEC operation) to detect errors and / or correct bit errors in the received information to generate decoded information. The decoded information may estimate the information transmitted via the downlink or uplink signals.
[0065] In some examples, a UE 120 and a network node 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. A network node 110 and / or UE 120 may communicate using massive MIMO, multi-user MIMO, or single-user MIMO, which may involve rapid switching between beams or cells. For example, the amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating a phase shift, a phase offset, and / or an amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. For example, the network node 110b may generate one or more beams 160a, and the UE 120b may generate one or more beams 160b. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction, a directional reception of a wireless signal from a transmitting device or otherwise in a desired direction, a direction associated with a directional transmission or directional reception, a set of directional resources associated with a signal transmission or signal reception (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal, among other examples.
[0066] MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may include a massive MIMO technique which may be associated with an increased (for example, “massive” ) quantity of antennas at the network node 110 and / or at the UE 120, such as in a network implementing mmWave technology. Massive MIMO may improve communication reliability by enabling a network node 110 and / or a UE 120 to communicate the same data across different propagation (or spatial) paths. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ MIMO techniques, such as multi-TRP (mTRP) operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0067] To support MIMO techniques, the network node 110 and the UE 120 may perform one or more beam management operations, such as an initial beam acquisition operation, one or more beam refinement operations, and / or a beam recovery operation. For example, an initial beam acquisition operation may involve the network node 110 transmitting signals (for example, SSBs, CSI-RSs, or other signals) via respective beams (for example, of the beams 160a of the network node 110) and the UE 120 receiving and measuring the signal (s) via respective beams of multiple beams (for example, from the beams 160b of the UE 120) to identify a best beam (or beam pair) for communication between the UE 120 and the network node 110. For example, the UE 120 may transmit an indication (for example, in a message associated with a random access channel (RACH) operation) of a (best) identified beam of the network node 110 (for example, by indicating an SSBRI or other identifier associated with the beam) . A beam refinement operation may involve a first device (for example, the UE 120 or the network node 110) transmitting signal (s) via a subset of beams (for example, identified based on, or otherwise associated with, measurements reported as part of one or more other beam management operations) . A second device (for example, the network node 110 or the UE 120) may receive the signal (s) via a single beam (for example, to identify the best beam for communication from the subset of beams) . The beam (s) may be identified via one or more spatial parameters, such as a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state and / or a quasi co-location (QCL) parameter, among other examples. The network node 110 and the UE 120 may increase reliability and / or achieve efficiencies in throughput, signal strength, and / or other signal properties for massive MIMO operations by performing the beam management operations.
[0068] Some aspects and techniques as described herein may be implemented, at least in part, using an artificial intelligence (AI) program (for example, referred to herein as an “AI / ML model” ) , such as a program that includes a machine learning (ML) model and / or an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The AI / ML model may be deployed at one or more devices 165 (for example, a network node 110 and / or UEs 120) . For example, the one or more devices 165 may include a UE 120 (for example, the processing system 140) , a network node 110 (for example, the processing system 145) , one or more servers, and / or one or more components of a cloud computing network, among other examples. In some examples, the AI / ML model (or an instance of the AI / ML model) may be deployed at multiple devices (for example, a first portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 120 and a second portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 110) . In other examples, a first AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 120 and a second AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 110. The AI / ML model (s) may be configured to enhance various aspects of the wireless communication network 100. For example, the AI / ML model (s) may be trained to identify patterns or relationships in data corresponding to the wireless communication network 100, a device, and / or an air interface, among other examples. The AI / ML model (s) may support operational decisions relating to one or more aspects associated with wireless communications devices, networks, or services.
[0069] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, the UE 120a and the UE 120d or the UE 120d and the UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary) . As an example, the UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120d. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 120a first transmitting data in an uplink communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120d in a downlink communication. In various examples, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) , and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs 120 to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0070] In some examples, in a UE-to-UE relay, a relay UE 120 may relay traffic between two other UEs 120, which may be referred to as “remote UEs. ” For example, as shown in Fig. 1, the UE 120d may be a relay UE that relays traffic between the UE 120a and the UE 120e. The remote UE that is the originator of the relayed traffic may be referred to as the source UE, and the remote UE that is the destination of the relayed traffic may be referred to as the destination UE. For example, the UE 120a may be the source UE and the UE 120e may be the destination UE, or the UE 120e may be the source UE and the UE 120a may be the destination UE. Fig. 1 shows an example of a single-hop UE-to-UE relay, in which there is a single relay UE (e.g., the UE 120d) between the source UE and the destination UE. In other examples, a multi-hop UE-to-UE relay may include multiple relay UEs between the source UE and the destination UE. The link or connection between one remote UE (e.g., the UE 120a or the UE 120e) and the relay UE (e.g., the UE 120d) may be referred to a per-hop link or connection. The link or connection between the two remote UEs (e.g., the UE 120a and the UE 120e) may be referred to as an end-to-end link or connection.
[0071] In some aspects, the UE 120 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may determine to perform duplication transmission for a sidelink communication associated with a UE-to-UE relay based at least in part on configuration information associated with the UE; and transmit a plurality of duplicates of a packet of the sidelink communication via at least one hop of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0072] Additionally, or alternatively, as described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may receive, via at least one hop of a UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of a packet of a sidelink communication; perform duplication detection for the packet; and discard one or more of the plurality of duplicates of the packet in connection with the duplication detection.
[0073] Additionally, or alternatively, as described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may receive, from a first remote UE of a UE-to-UE relay, a packet of a sidelink communication; and transmit, to a second remote UE of the UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0074] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated network node architecture 200, in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated network node architecture 200 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated network node architecture 200 may include a CU 210 that can communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 220 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a non-real-time (Non-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 250 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 260 and / or a near-real-time (Near-RT) RIC 270 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 210 may communicate with one or more DUs 230 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 230 may communicate with one or more RUs 240 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 240 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 240.
[0075] Each of the components of the disaggregated network node architecture 200, including the CUs 210, the DUs 230, the RUs 240, the Near-RT RICs 270, the Non-RT RICs 250, and the SMO Framework 260, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0076] In some aspects, the CU 210 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 210 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 230, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 240. For example, a DU 230 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 210. Each RU 240 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 240 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 230.
[0077] The SMO Framework 260 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 260 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 260 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 290) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 210, a DU 230, an RU 240, a non-RT RIC 250, and / or a Near-RT RIC 270. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 260 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 280, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 260 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 240 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0078] The Non-RT RIC 250 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 270. The Non-RT RIC 250 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 270. The Near-RT RIC 270 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, and / or an O-eNB 280 with the Near-RT RIC 270.
[0079] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 270, the Non-RT RIC 250 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 270 and may be received at the SMO Framework 260 or the Non-RT RIC 250 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 250 or the Near-RT RIC 270 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 250 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 260 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0080] The network node 110, the processing system 145 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the processing system 140 of the UE 120, the CU 210, the DU 230, the RU 240, or any other component (s) of Fig. 1 and / or Fig. 2 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with duplication transmission in a UE-to-UE relay, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the processing system 145 of the network node 110, the processing system 140 of the UE 120, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 600 of Fig. 6, process 700 of Fig. 7, process 800 of Fig. 8, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . Memory of the network node 110 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the network node 110, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240. In some examples, the memory of the network node 110 may store data relating to a UE 120, such as RRC state information or a UE context. Memory of a UE 120 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the UE 120, such as context information. In some examples, the memory of the UE 120 or the memory of the network node 110 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication. For example, the set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors (for example, of the processing system 145 or the processing system 140) of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 600 of Fig. 6, process 700 of Fig. 7, process 800 of Fig. 8, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0081] In some aspects, a UE (e.g., the UE 120) includes means for determining to perform duplication transmission for a sidelink communication associated with a UE-to-UE relay based at least in part on configuration information associated with the UE; and / or means for transmitting a plurality of duplicates of a packet of the sidelink communication via at least one hop of the UE-to-UE relay. The means for the UE to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, processing system 140, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 902 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 9) , and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 904 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 9) , among other examples.
[0082] In some aspects, a UE (e.g., the UE 120) includes means for receiving, via at least one hop of a UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of a packet of a sidelink communication; means for performing duplication detection for the packet; and / or means for discarding one or more of the plurality of duplicates of the packet in connection with the duplication detection. The means for the receiving UE to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, processing system 140, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 902 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 9) , and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 904 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 9) , among other examples.
[0083] In some aspects, a relay UE (e.g., the UE 120) includes means for receiving, from a first remote UE of a UE-to-UE relay, a packet of a sidelink communication; and / or means for transmitting, to a second remote UE of the UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication. The means for the relay UE to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, processing system 140, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 902 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 9) , and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 904 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 9) , among other examples.
[0084] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example 300 of establishing a UE-to-UE relay connection in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 3, example 300 includes communication between multiple UEs 320. In some aspects, the UEs 320 may exchange sidelink communications via a ProSe Sidelink (PC5) interface. The UEs 320 may include a source UE (S-UE) 320a, a relay UE (R-UE) 304b, and destination UE (D-UE) 320c
[0085] The example 300 relates to establishing connections to enable the R-UE 320b to relay communications between the S-UE 320a and the D-UE 320c. In some examples, the R-UE 320b may provide a layer 2 (L2) relay connection for an L2 UE-to-UE relay. In such examples, the R-UE 320b may be referred to as an L2 U2U R-UE.
[0086] As shown by reference number 305, the S-UE 320a may communicate with the R-UE 320b to perform a relay discovery procedure to identify the R-UE 320b as a relay UE for communications between the S-UE 320a and the D-UE 320c. In one example (such as in a model A relay discovery procedure) , the R-UE 320b may transmit a message indicating that the R-UE 320b supports relaying communications. In such examples, the message may include one or more identifiers corresponding to UEs 320 for which the R-UE 320b is able to relay communications. In this example, the message may include an identifier of the S-UE 320a, an identifier of the D-UE 320c, or both. The message may be referred to as a discovery announcement message, and the R-UE 320b may broadcast or multicast the discovery announcement message (such as to multiple other UEs) .
[0087] In another example (such as in a model B relay discovery procedure) , the S-UE 320a may transmit a message requesting for a UE (such as the R-UE 320b) to relay communications from the S-UE 320a to the D-UE 320c. In some examples, the message may include an identifier of the D-UE 320c. The message may be referred to as a discovery solicitation message, and the S-UE 320a may broadcast or multicast the discovery solicitation message (such as to multiple other UEs) . In response to receiving the discovery solicitation message from the S-UE 320a, the R-UE 320b may transmit a message indicating an ability of the R-UE 320b to relay communications from the S-UE 320a to the D-UE 320c. In such examples, the message transmitted by the R-UE 320b may be referred to as a discovery response message.
[0088] As shown by reference number 310, the S-UE 320a may perform a route discovery and selection procedure with the R-UE 320b. In particular, the S-UE 320a may identify the route associated with relaying communications to the D-UE 320c via the R-UE 320b, and may select the R-UE 320b to relay communications from the S-UE 320a to the D-UE 320c.
[0089] As shown by reference number 315a, the S-UE 320a and the R-UE 320b may perform a unicast link setup procedure to establish a unicast link between the S-UE 320a and the R-UE 320b. The unicast link setup procedure may establish a unicast link between the S-UE 320a and the R-UE 320b (and may not establish any link between the S-UE 320b and the D-UE 320c) . The unicast link between the S-UE 320a and the R-UE 320b may be referred to as a per-hop unicast link. As shown by reference number 315b, the R-UE 320b and the D-UE 320c may perform a unicast link setup procedure to establish a unicast link between the R-UE 320b and the D-UE 320c. The unicast link setup procedure performed by the R-UE 320b and the D-UE 320c may establish a unicast link between the R-UE 320b and the D-UE 320c (independent from the unicast link setup procedure performed by the S-UE 320a and the R-UE 320b) . The unicast link between the R-UE 320b and the D-UE 320c may be referred to as a per-hop unicast link. The unicast link setup procedures may include the UEs 320 using the PC5 signaling protocol stack (such as PC5-Ssignaling) to derive security keys and establish security for the PC5 unicast links (such as for the unicast link between the S-UE 320a and the R-UE 320b and the unicast link between the R-UE 320b and the D-UE 320c) .
[0090] As shown by reference number 325a, the S-UE 320a and the R-UE 320b may perform a unicast QoS management procedure to establish one or more QoS parameters associated with communications via the unicast link between the S-UE 320a and the R-UE 320b. As shown by reference number 325b, the R-UE 320b and the D-UE 320c may perform a unicast QoS procedure to establish one or more QoS parameters associated with communications via the unicast link between the R-UE 320b and the D-UE 320c. In some examples, the unicast QoS management procedures associated with the unicast links may establish QoS parameters associated with layer 3 (L3) communications. Additionally or alternatively, the unicast QoS management procedure associated with each unicast link may configure a minimum data transmission rate for the unicast link, a maximum latency for communications via the unicast link, and / or a maximum packet error rate for communications via the unicast link.
[0091] As shown by reference number 330, the S-UE 320a, the R-UE 320b, and the D-UE 320c may perform an end-to-end unicast link setup procedure over the unicast link between the S-UE 320a and the R-UE 320b and the unicast link between the R-UE 320b and the D-UE 320c. The end-to-end unicast link setup procedure may establish an L2 unicast link between the S-UE 320a and the D-UE 320c.
[0092] As shown by reference number 335, the S-UE 320a, the R-UE 320b, and the D-UE 320c may perform an end-to-end unicast link QoS management procedure. The end-to-end unicast link QoS management procedure may establish one or more QoS parameters associated with the end-to-end communications between the S-UE 320a and the D-UE 320c. For example, the end-to-end unicast link QoS management procedure may configure a minimum data transmission rate for communications via the end-to-end L2 unicast link between the S-UE 320a and the D-UE 320c, a maximum latency for communications via the end-to-end L2 unicast link between the S-UE 320a and the D-UE 320c, and / or a maximum packet error rate for communications via the end-to-end L2 unicast link between the S-UE 320a and the D-UE 320c. In some examples, the end-to-end unicast link QoS management procedure may establish QoS parameters (e.g., end-to-end QoS parameters) for PC5 RLC logical channels used for the communications relayed (e.g., by the R-UE 320b) between the S-UE 320a and the D-UE 320b.
[0093] As shown by reference number 340, the R-UE 320b may relay communications (e.g., traffic) between the S-UE 320a and the D-UE 320c. For example, the S-UE 320a may be the source (e.g., the originator) of a packet, and the D-UE 320c may be a destination of the packet. In this example, the S-UE 320a may transmit the packet to the R-UE 320b, and the R-UE 320b may relay the packet to the D-UE 320c. Although the S-UE and the D-UE are shown as UE 320a and UE 320c, respectively, in Fig. 3, in another example, the UE 320c may be the source UE for a packet and the UE 320a may be a destination UE for the packet. In this example, the UE 320c may transmit the packet to the R-UE 320b, and the R-UE 320b may relay the packet to the UE 320a. In some examples, once the UE-to-UE relay is established, the R-UE 320b may perform bi-directional relaying between the UE 320a and the UE 320c. In this case, the source UE of the UE-to-UE relay and the destination UE of the UE-to-UE relay may switch based on the direction of the relaying performed by the R-UE 320b.
[0094] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.
[0095] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating example protocol architectures for an L2 UE-to-UE relay in accordance with the present disclosure. In particular, Fig. 4 illustrates an example control plane PC5-signaling (PC5-S) protocol architecture 400, an example control plane PC5-RRC protocol architecture 405, and an example user plane protocol architecture 410 for an L2 UE-to-UE relay including an S-UE 420a, an R-UE 420b, and a D-UE 420c. As shown in Fig. 4, there may be a PC5 interface (e.g., a sidelink interface) between the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c. The R-UE 420b may relay communications between the S-UE 420a and the D-UE 420c. In particular, the R-UE 420b may bean L2 U2U R-UE.
[0096] The S-UE 420a, the R-UE 420b, and the D-UE 420c may be associated with respective PC5 protocol stacks enabling communication on the PC5 interface between the S-UE 420a, the R-UE 420b, and the D-UE 420c. The PC5 protocol stack may include a sidelink relay adaptation protocol (SRAP) layer, an RLC layer, a MAC layer, a PHY layer, and / or the like. “PC5” is generally referred to herein as “sidelink” (such as sidelink signaling interfaces, sidelink unicast link, sidelink RLC channels, and / or the like) . Communications between S-UE 420a, the R-UE 420b, and the D-UE 420c using the PC5 interface may be referred to as sidelink communications.
[0097] The PC5-S protocol architecture 400 may be associated with one or more of PC5-S layers. The PC5-S layers may be associated with PC5-S entities that may manage a sidelink signaling interface, such as a PC5-S interface. A UE 420 that includes a PC5-S entity may handle control signaling and configuration of a sidelink connection with another UE 420, such as the connection used for relaying between the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b, and the connection used for relaying between the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c.
[0098] As shown by the lines in the PC5-S protocol architecture 400, some control-plane traffic may be transported between L2 layers of the S-UE 420a and the D-UE 420c via end-to-end transmissions. In particular, the control-plane traffic transported between the PC5-S layers of the S-UE 420a and the D-UE 420c and between the PDCP layers of the S-UE 420a and the D-UE 420c may be transported as end-to-end transmissions. Such control plane traffic may be transported via one or more bearers, such as a signaling radio bearer (SRB) . An SRB can also be referred to as a radio bearer, a radio access bearer, and / or an end-to-end bearer.
[0099] Additionally, and as shown by the lines in the PC5-S protocol architecture 400, some of the control plane traffic is transported between layers of the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between layers of the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c (e.g., point-to-point transmissions, or per-hop transmissions) . For example, control plane traffic may be transported between the SRAP layers of the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between the SRAP layers of the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c, between the RLC layers of the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between the RLC layers of the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c, between the MAC layers of the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between the MAC layers of the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c, and between the PHY layers of the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between the PHY layers of the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c.
[0100] The control plane PC5-RRC protocol architecture 405 may be associated with one or more PC5-RRC layers. The PC5-RRC layers may be associated with PC5-RRC entities that may manage a sidelink signaling interface, such as a PC5-RRC interface. A UE 420 that includes a PC5-RRC entity may handle control signaling and configuration of a sidelink connection with another UE 420, such as the connection used for relaying between the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and the connection used for relaying between the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c.
[0101] As shown by the lines in the PC5-RRC protocol architecture 405, some control-plane traffic may be transported between L2 layers of the S-UE 420a and the D-UE 420c via end-to-end transmissions. In particular, the control-plane traffic transported between the PC5-RRC layers of the S-UE 420a and the D-UE 420c and between the PDCP layers of the S-UE 420a and the D-UE 420c may be transported as end-to-end transmissions. Such control plane traffic may be transported via one or more bearers, such as an SRB.
[0102] Additionally, and as shown by the lines in the PC5-RRC protocol architecture 405, some of the control plane traffic is transported between layers of the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between layers of the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c (such as point-to-point transmissions, or per-hop transmissions) . For example, control plane traffic may be transported between the SRAP layers of the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between the SRAP layers of the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c, between the RLC layers of the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between the RLC layers of the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c, between the MAC layers of the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between the MAC layers of the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c, and between the PHY layers of the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between the PHY layers of the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c.
[0103] The user plane protocol architecture 410 may be associated with one or more IP / non-IP layers and one or more SDAP layers. As shown by the lines in the user plane protocol architecture 410, some user plane traffic may be transported between L2 layers of the S-UE 420a and the D-UE 420c via end-to-end transmissions. In particular, the user plane traffic transported between the IP / non-IP layers of the S-UE 420a and the D-UE 420c, between the SDAP layers of the S-UE 420a and the D-UE 420c, and between the PDCP layers of the S-UE 420a and the D-UE 420c may be transported as end-to-end transmissions. Such user plane traffic may be transported via one or more bearers, such as an SRB.
[0104] Additionally, and as shown by the lines in the user plane protocol architecture 410, some of the user plane traffic is transported between layers of the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between layers of the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c (such as point-to-point transmissions, or per-hop transmissions) . For example, user plane traffic may be transported between the SRAP layers of the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between the SRAP layers of the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c, between the RLC layers of the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between the RLC layers of the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c, between the MAC layers of the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between the MAC layers of the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c, and between the PHY layers of the S-UE 420a and the R-UE 420b and between the PHY layers of the R-UE 420b and the D-UE 420c.
[0105] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 4.
[0106] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 associated with duplication transmission in a UE-to-UE relay, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 5, example 500 includes communication between an S-UE 502, an R-UE 504, and a D-UE 506. In some aspects, the S-UE 502, the R-UE 504, and the D-UE 506 may be included in a wireless communication network, such as wireless communication network 100. The S-UE 502, the R-UE 504, and the D-UE 506 may communicate via sidelink communications (e.g., via the PC5 interface) . In some aspects, the S-UE 502 may be a first UE 120, the R-UE 504 may be a second UE 120, and the D-UE 506 may be a third UE 120.
[0107] The S-UE 502 may be a source UE of the UE-to-UE relay (e.g., a UE from which one or more packets to be relayed via the UE-to-UE relay originate) . The D-UE 506 may be a destination UE of the UE-to-UE relay (e.g., a destination of the one or more packets to be relayed via the UE-to-UE relay) . The R-UE 504 may be a relay UE that relays the one or more packets between the S-UE 502 and the R-UE 504. “Tx UE” may refer to any UE that transmits a packet (or multiple duplicates of a packet) of a sidelink communication via a hop of the UE-to-UE relay. For example, in example 500 of Fig. 5, “Tx UE” may refer to the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504. Accordingly, operations described herein for a Tx RE may be performed by the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504. “Rx UE” may refer to any UE that receives a packet (or multiple duplicates of a packet) of a sidelink communication via a hop of the UE-to-UE relay. For example, in example 500 of Fig. 5, “Rx UE” may refer to the D-UE 506 and / or the R-UE 504. Accordingly, operations described herein for an Rx RE may be performed by the D-UE 506 and / or the R-UE 504.
[0108] As shown in Fig. 5, and by reference number 510, the S-UE 502, the R-UE 504, and the D-UE 506 may establish a UE-to-UE relay connection. The S-UE 502, the R-UE 504, and the D-UE 506 may establish a UE-to-UE relay connection that enables the R-UE 504 to relay traffic from the S-UE 502 to the R-UE 504. In some aspects, the S-UE 502, the R-UE 504, and the D-UE 506 may establish an L2 UE-to-UE relay (e.g., a UE-to-UE relay connection for L2 U2U relaying) . In some examples, the S-UE 502, the R-UE 504, and the D-UE 506 may communicate to establish the UE-to-UE relay connection as discussed above in connection with Fig. 3. For example, the S-UE 502 may communicate with the R-UE 504 to perform a relay discovery procedure and a route discovery and selection procedure. The S-UE 502 may communicate with the R-UE 504 to establish a unicast link between the S-UE 502 and the R-UE 504, and the R-UE 504 may communicate with the D-UE 506 to establish a unicast link between the R-UE 504 and the D-UE 506. The R-UE 504 may communicate with the R-UE 504 to perform QoS management for the unicast link between the S-UE 502 and the R-UE 504, and the R-UE 504 may communicate with the D-UE 506 to perform QoS management for the unicast link between the R-UE 504 and the D-UE 506. The S-UE 502, the R-UE 504, and the D-UE 506 may communicate to establish an end-to-end unicast link between the S-UE 502 and the D-UE 506 and to perform end-to-end QoS management for the end-to-end unicast link between the S-UE 502 and the R-UE 504.
[0109] As further shown in Fig. 5, and by reference number 515a, the S-UE 502 may determine to perform duplication transmission. As shown by reference number 515b, the R-UE 504 may determine to perform duplication transmission. “Duplication transmission” refers to transmitting multiple duplicates of a packet (e.g., multiple duplicate transmissions of the packet) via at least one hop of the UE-to-UE relay, independent of (e.g., without waiting for) feedback associated with the packet (e.g., ACK or NACK feedback indicating whether the packet has been successfully received and decoded) . In some aspects, a Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) may determine to perform duplication transmission based at least in part configuration information associated with the Tx UE. “Configuration information associated with the Tx UE” may refer to any information stored at the Tx UE, preconfigured on the Tx UE, or received, from another device (e.g., a network node, such as a RAN node or a core network node, or another UE) , by the Tx UE. In some examples, the Tx UE may determine to perform duplication transmission for a sidelink communication based at least in part on configuration information preconfigured on the Tx UE (e.g., a pre-configuration of the Tx UE) . For example, the Tx UE may be preconfigured with configuration information indicating whether the Tx UE is authorized to perform duplication transmission for a sidelink communication and / or a condition (e.g., a duplication transmission condition) that triggers the Tx UE to perform duplication transmission for a sidelink communication. In some other examples, the Tx UE may receive, from a network node (e.g., a RAN node or a core network node) , configuration information that indicates whether the Tx UE is permitted or configured to perform duplication transmission for a sidelink communication.
[0110] In some aspects, the Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 or the R-UE 504) may determine whether duplication transmission is authorized for a sidelink communication associated with the UE-to-UE relay (e.g., a sidelink communication to be transmitted by the Tx device via a hop of the UE-to-UE relay) . In some examples, each Tx UE in the UE-to-UE relay (e.g., each of the S-UE 502 and the R-UE 504) may independently determine whether duplication transmission, by that Tx UE, is authorized for the sidelink communication. In some aspects, the authorization may be based at least in part on a relay service code or a proximity-based services (ProSe) application identifier (ID) for a sidelink service associated with the sidelink communication. For example, the Tx UE may be configured or preconfigured with information (e.g., configuration information) indicating one or more relay service codes and / or ProSe application IDs for which duplication transmission is authorized, and the Tx UE may determine whether the relay service code or the ProSe application identifier associated with the sidelink communication is a relay service code or ProSe application identifier for which duplication transmission is authorized. In some aspects, the authorization may be based at least in part on geographical area associated with the Tx UE. For example, the Tx UE may be configured or preconfigured with information (e.g., configuration information) indicating that duplication transmission is authorized or not authorized for a certain geographical area scope (e.g., the authorization may be per applied public land mobile network (PLMN) ID or per tracking area, among other examples) . In this case, the Tx UE may determine whether duplication transmission is authorized for the geographic area associated with the Tx UE (e.g., the applied PLMN ID or tracking area of the Tx UE) . In some aspects, the authorization of duplication transmission per QoS requirements (e.g., the Tx UE may be configured or preconfigured with configuration information indicating that duplication transmission is authorized for certain sidelink communications with certain QoS requirements) and / or per relay hop number (e.g., the Tx UE may be configured or preconfigured with configuration information indicating that duplication transmission is authorized for certain hops of the UE-to-UE relay) . In this case, the Tx UE may determine whether duplication transmission is authorized based at least in part on the QoS requirements for the sidelink communication and / or the relay hop number of the next hop of the UE-to-UE relay (on which the sidelink communication is to be transmitted by the Tx UE) .
[0111] In some aspects, the S-UE 502 may determine to apply duplication transmission based at least in part on the QoS requirements, such as a PQI associated with the sidelink communication, a PDB associated with the sidelink communication, and / or a PER associated with the sidelink communication. In some examples, the S-UE 502 may determine to perform duplication transmission in connection with determining that one or more QoS requirements are authorized for duplication transmission. For example, the S-UE 502 may determine that the PQI is authorized for duplication transmissions, or the S-UE 502 may determine that the PDB and / or the PER are authorized for duplication transmissions. In such examples, the S-UE 502 may be configured or preconfigured with configuration information indicating that duplication transmission is authorized for certain PQIs or for certain PDBs and / or PERs. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the S-UE 502 may determine to perform duplication transmission in connection with determining that one or more of the QoS requirements associated with the sidelink communication satisfy a duplication transmission condition. For example, the one or more QoS requirements may include the PDB and / or the PER, and the duplication transmission condition may be satisfied in connection with the PDB satisfying a first threshold (e.g., the PDB being below the first threshold) and / or the PER satisfying a second threshold (e.g., the PER being above the second threshold) . In such examples, the S-UE 502 may be configured or preconfigured with configuration information indicating the duplication transmission condition. For example, the S-UE 502 may be configured or preconfigured with configuration information indicating the first threshold and / or the second threshold. In some aspects, the QoS requirements (e.g., the PDB and / or the PER) used by the S-UE 502 to determine whether the duplication transmission condition is satisfied may be end-to-end QoS requirements (e.g., for the end-to-end link between the S-UE 502 to the R-UE 504 via the UE-to-UE relay) or next hop (or current hop) QoS requirements for a next hop of the UE-to-UE relay (e.g., for the per-hop link between the S-UE 502 and the R-UE 504) . In the case in which the S-UE 502 uses the end-to-end QoS requirements, the S-UE 502 may determine whether the PDB satisfies the duplication transmission condition (e.g., whether the PDB satisfies the first threshold) considering the relay hop numbers (e.g., the number of hops in the UE-to-UE relay between the S-UE 502 and the D-UE 506) .
[0112] In some aspects, the R-UE 504 may determine to perform duplication transmission for transmission on a next hop of the UE-to-UE relay (e.g., on a per-hop link between the R-UE 504 and the D-UE 506) based at least in part on the QoS requirements on the next hop. In some examples, the R-UE 504 may determine to apply / perform duplication transmission in connection with determining that one or more of the QoS requirements on the next hop for the sidelink communication satisfy a duplication transmission condition. For example, the one or more QoS requirements on the next hop may include a PDB and / or a PER, and the duplication transmission condition may be satisfied in connection with the PDB satisfying a first threshold (e.g., the PDB being below the first threshold) and / or the PER satisfying a second threshold (e.g., the PER being above the second threshold) . In such examples, the R-UE 504 may be configured or preconfigured with configuration information indicating the duplication transmission condition. For example, the R-UE 504 may be configured or preconfigured with configuration information indicating the first threshold and / or the second threshold.
[0113] In some aspects, a network node (e.g., a network node 110) may control whether or not the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504 are permitted or configured to use duplication transmission. For example, the network node may transmit, and a Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) may receive, configuration information indicating whether duplication transmission is permitted. In this case, the Tx UE may determine to perform duplication transmission based at least in part on the configuration information, received from the network node, indicating that duplication transmission is permitted (and / or configuration information, received from the network node, configuring the Tx UE to perform duplication transmission) . In some aspects, for a Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) in an idle or inactive state (e.g., an RRC idle state or an RRC inactive state) , the configuration information indicating whether duplication transmission is permitted may be included in a system information block (SIB) . In some examples, the configuration information included in the SIB may indicate whether duplication transmission is authorized for a specific QoS (e.g., a PQI) or for a specific radio bearer. For example, the SIB may indicate one or more PQIs for which the duplication transmission is authorized or one or more radio bearers for which duplication transmission is authorized.
[0114] In some aspects, for a Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504 in a connected state (e.g., an RRC connected state) , the Tx UE may receive the configuration information indicating whether duplication transmission is permitted (or whether duplication transmission is configured for the Tx UE) via RRC signaling from the network node. For example, the network node may transmit the configuration information to the Tx UE in dedicated RRC signaling for indicating whether duplication transmission is permitted (or for configuring the Tx UE to perform duplication transmission) . In some examples, the network node may determine whether to permit (or configure) the Tx UE to perform duplication transmission for the sidelink communication based at least in part on QoS information (e.g., a QoS flow or PQI associated with the sidelink communication) provided by the Tx UE. For example, the Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) may transmit, to the network node, an indication of the QoS information (e.g., the QoS flow or the PQI) . In some aspects, the Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) may transmit, to the network node, a request for duplication transmission, and the Tx UE may receive the configuration information indicating whether duplication transmission is permitted (or configured) based at least in part on (e.g., in response to) the request for duplication transmission. For example, the request for duplication transmission may be included in a sidelink UE information (e.g., SidelinkUEInformation) message transmitted, by the Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) , to the network node. In some examples, the request for duplication can be for a specific QoS flow or radio bearer (e.g., a QoS flow or radio bearer associated with the sidelink communication) .
[0115] As further shown in Fig. 5, and by reference number 520, the S-UE 502 may transmit, to the R-UE 504, multiple duplicates of a packet of a sidelink communication. The destination of the packet may be the D-UE 506, and the S-UE 502 may transmit the multiple duplicates of the packet to the R-UE 504 (e.g., via the next hop of the UE-to-UE relay) in order for the packet to be relayed to the D-UE 506 by the R-UE 504. In some aspects, the S-UE 502 may perform duplication transmission for the sidelink communication based at least in part on the S-UE 502 determining to perform duplication transmission for the sidelink communication (e.g., as described in connection with reference number 515a) . The duplication transmission performed by the S-UE 502 may include duplicating the packet of the sidelink communication (e.g., in L2, such as in an RLC layer, an SRAP layer, or a PDCP layer of L2) , resulting in the multiple duplicates of the packet, and transmitting the multiple duplicates of the packet via the next hop in the UE-to-UE relay (e.g., to the R-UE 504) . In some examples, the S-UE 502 transmitting the multiple duplicates of the packet may result in increased reliability and reduced latency for the end-to-end transmission of the packet to the R-UE 504 and / or for the transmission of the packet on the next hop to the R-UE 504.
[0116] The R-UE 504 may receive one or more of the multiple duplicates of the packet transmitted by the S-UE 502. As further shown in Fig. 5, and by reference number 525, in some aspects, the R-UE 504 may perform duplicate detection for the packet and discarding of one or more duplicates of the packet. For example, in a case in which the R-UE 504 receives more than one of the multiple duplicates of the packet, the R-UE 504 may perform duplicate detection (e.g., in L2, such as in the RLC layer or the SRAP layer) to detect the duplicates, and discard all of the detected duplicates but one (e.g., such that a single successfully decoded duplicate of the packet remains at the R-UE 504) . In some other aspects, the R-UE 504 may not perform duplicate detection and discarding for the duplicates of the packet received by the R-UE 504. For example, whether the R-UE 504 performs or does not perform the duplicate detection and discarding for the duplicates of the packet received by the R-UE 504 may depend on a layer (e.g., of the S-UE 502) in which the duplication of the packet is performed, as described in greater detail below.
[0117] As further shown in Fig. 5, and by reference number 530, the R-UE 504 may transmit, to the D-UE 506, multiple duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication. The R-UE 504 may transmit multiple duplicates of the packet via the next hop of the UE-to-UE relay (e.g., to the D-UE 506) . For example, the R-UE 504 may receive the packet (e.g., one or more of the duplicates of the packet) from the S-UE 502, and the R-UE 504 may relay the packet to the D-UE 506 by transmitting multiple duplicates of the packet. In some aspects, the R-UE 504 may perform duplication transmission for the sidelink communication based at least in part on the R-UE 504 determining to perform duplication transmission for the sidelink communication (e.g., as described in connection with reference number 515b) . The duplication transmission performed by the R-UE 504 may include duplicating the packet of the sidelink communication (e.g., in L2, such as in the RLC layer or the SRAP layer) , resulting in multiple duplicates of the packet, and transmitting the multiple duplicates of the packet via the next hop in the UE-to-UE relay (e.g., to the D-UE 506) . In some aspects, in a case in which the R-UE 504 receives multiple duplicates of the packet from the S-UE 502 and performs duplicate detection and discarding, the R-UE 504 may receive multiple first duplicates of the packet from the S-UE 502, and the R-UE 504 may transmit multiple second duplicates of the packet to the D-UE 506. In some examples, the R-UE 504 transmitting the multiple duplicates of the packet may result in increased reliability and reduced latency for the transmission of the packet on the next hop to the D-UE 506.
[0118] The D-UE 506 may receive one or more of the multiple duplicates of the packet transmitted by the R-UE 504. As further shown in Fig. 5, and by reference number 535, the D-UE 506 may perform duplicate detection for the packet and discarding of one or more duplicates of the packet. For example, the D-UE 506 may perform duplicate detection (e.g., in L2, such as in the RLC layer, the SRAP layer, or the PDCP layer) to detect multiple duplicates of the packet received by the D-UE 506, and the D-UE 506 may discard all of the detected duplicates but one (e.g., such that a single successfully decoded duplicate of the packet remains at the D-UE 506) .
[0119] In some aspects, a Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) that transmits multiple duplicates of a packet (e.g., a Tx UE that performs duplication transmission) may transmit the multiple duplicates of the packet, in different time resources, using one logical channel. That is, the Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) may transmit the multiple duplicates of the packet, using the same logical channel, in respective time resources over a duplication transmission time duration. For example, the Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) may continuously (e.g., repeatedly) transmit duplicates of the packet during the duplication transmission time duration. In some examples, the duplication transmission time duration may be a quantity of (e.g., multiple) frames, subframes, slots, or symbols. In this case, the quantity of frames, subframes, slots, or symbols may be configured by a network node (e.g., via configuration information receive by the Tx UE from the network node) or preconfigured in the Tx UE. In some examples, the duplication transmission time duration may be a duration associated with (e.g., determined by) a timer (e.g., a duplication transmission timer) . For example, the Tx UE may start the timer at the initial transmission of the packet (e.g., the transmission of the first duplicate of the packet) , the Tx UE may repeatedly transmit duplicates of the packet in respective time resources while the timer is running, and the Tx UE may stop transmitting duplicates of the packet when the timer expires.
[0120] In some aspects, in a case in which the Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) transmits the duplicates of the packet, using the same logical channel, in respective time resources during the duplication transmission time duration, the packet may be duplicated in the RLC layer or the SRAP layer of the Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) . For example, the Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) may repeatedly duplicate the packet in the RLC layer or the SRAP layer of the Tx UE during the duplication transmission time duration, resulting in multiple duplicates of the packet for transmission in different time resources. The RLC layer or the SRAP layer of the Rx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) may assign a same sequence number (SN) to each of duplicates of the packet generated / transmitted during the duplication transmission time duration. For example, the same SN may be stored in a respective RLC header or SRAP header of each of the duplicates of the packet. In such examples, an Rx UE (e.g., the D-UE 506 or the R-UE 504) that receives the multiple duplicates of the packet may perform duplication detection in the RLC layer or the SRAP layer of the Rx UE based at least in part on the SN in the respective RLC or SRAP header of each of the duplicates of the packet. For example, the Rx UE (e.g., the D-UE 506 or the R-UE 504) may detect the duplicates of the packet by detecting packets assigned with the same SN in the respective RLC or SRAP headers. The Rx UE (e.g., the D-UE 506 or the R-UE 504) , after a first duplicate of the packet is received and successfully decoded in the RLC layer or the SRAP layer, may discard all other detected duplicates of the packet subsequently received in the RLC layer or the SRAP layer (e.g., by discarding packets with the same SN as already received and successfully decoded packets) .
[0121] In some aspects, in a case in which the S-UE 502 transmits the duplicates of the packet, using the same logical channel, in respective time resources during the duplication transmission time duration, the packet may be duplicated in the PDCP layer of the S-UE 502. For example, the S-UE 502 may repeatedly duplicate the packet in the PDCP layer of the S-UE 502 during the duplication transmission time duration, resulting in multiple duplicates of the packet for transmission in different time resources. The PDCP layer of the S-UE 502 may assign a same SN to each of the duplicates of the packet generated / transmitted during the duplication transmission time duration. For example, the same SN may be stored in a respective PDCP header of each of the duplicates of the packet. In some examples, such as in the case of an L2 UE-to-UE relay, the R-UE 504 may perform PDCP layer processing of packets relayed via the UE-to-UE relay (e.g., as shown in Fig. 4) . Accordingly, the R-UE 504 may not perform duplication of a packet in the PDCP layer. Furthermore, the PDCP layer of the S-UE 502 may communicate with the PDCP layer of the D-UE 506 via the end-to-end unicast link between the S-UE 502 and the R-UE 504 (e.g., as shown in Fig. 4) . Accordingly, in the case in which the S-UE 502 duplicates the packets in the PDCP layer, the R-UE 504 may not perform PDCP layer processing of packets received from the S-UE 502, and thus may forward the packets received from the S-UE 502 (e.g., the duplicates of the packet) to the R-UE 504 without performing duplicate detection and discarding. In such examples in which the packet is duplicated in the PDCP layer of the S-UE 502, the D-UE 506 may receive the multiple duplicates of the packet transmitted by the S-UE 502 (e.g., via forwarding by the R-UE 504) , and the D-UE 506 may perform duplication detection in the PDCP layer of the D-UE 506 based at least in part on the SN in the respective PDCP header of each of the duplicates of the packet. For example, the D-UE 506 may detect the duplicates of the packet by detecting packets with the same SN in the respective PDCP headers. The D-UE 506, after a first duplicate of the packet is received and successfully decoded in the PDCP layer, may discard all other detected duplicates of the packet subsequently received in the PDCP layer (e.g., by discarding packets with the same SN as already received and successfully decoded packets) .
[0122] In some aspects, in a case in which the Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) transmits the duplicates of the packet, using the same logical channel, in respective time resources during the duplication transmission time duration, the Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) may transmit the duplicates of the packet without a SN assigned to the duplicates of the packet. In this case, the Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) may repeatedly transmit the duplicates of the packet during the duplication transmission time duration, and the Rx UE (e.g., the D-UE 506 and / or the R-UE 504) may stop receiving the packet (e.g., stop receiving the duplications of the packet) during the duplication transmission time duration once a first packet (e.g., a first duplication of the packet) is successfully received and decoded by the Rx UE. In such examples, the packet may be duplicated in the MAC layer or the RLC layer of the Rx UE (e.g., if the Rx UE is the S-UE 502 or the R-UE 504) or in the PDCP layer of the Rx UE (e.g., if the Rx UE is the S-UE 502) .
[0123] In some other aspects, a Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) that transmits multiple duplicates of a packet (e.g., a Tx UE that performs duplication transmission) may transmit the multiple duplicates of the packet using different logical channels. For example, the Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) may transmit the multiple duplicates of the packet using a respective (different) logical channel for each of the multiple duplicates of the packet. The different logical channels used for transmitting the multiple duplicates of the packet may be logical channels associated with different RLC entities in an RLC layer of the Tx UE. In such examples, the packet may be duplicated in the SRAP layer of the Tx UE (e.g., the S-UE 502 and / or the R-UE 504) , and the duplicates for the packet may be associated with different RLC entities. For example, the packet may be delivered from the PDCP layer of the Tx UE to the SRAP layer of the Tx UE. The Tx UE may then duplicate the packet in the SRAP layer of the Tx UE, resulting in multiple duplicates of the packet. The SRAP layer may assign a same SN to each of the multiple duplicates of the packet (e.g., the same SN may be stored in the respective SRAP header for each duplicate of the packet) . The SRAP may deliver the multiple duplicates of the packet to different RLC entities in the RLC layer of the Tx UE (e.g., for transmission using respective logical channels associated with the different RLC entities) . The different RLC entities may be RLC entities associated with a radio bearer on which duplication transmission is configured. In some examples, the Tx UE may receive, from a network node (e.g., via RRC signaling or in a SIB) , configuration information that configures the SRAP layer of the Tx UE to deliver the duplicates of the packet to the RLC entities associated with the radio bearer. For example, the information may indicate a bearer ID of the bearer on which duplication transmission is configured and / or the different RLC entities associated with the bearer. In some other examples, the Tx UE may apply a default configuration for determining which RLC entities to use for the duplicates of the packet (e.g., in a case in which the Tx UE is out of service of a network node) .
[0124] In some aspects, the S-UE 502 may transmit multiple duplicates of the packet (e.g., multiple first duplicates of the packet) using different logical channels associated with different RLC entities. In this case, the PDCP layer of the S-UE 502 may deliver the packet to the SRAP layer of the S-UE 502. The SRAP layer of the R-UE 504 may set the SN for the packet and duplicate the packet, resulting in multiple duplicates of the packet (e.g., the multiple first duplicates of the packet) . The SRAP layer of the S-UE 502, based at least in part on a configuration (e.g., a configuration indicated in configuration information received from the network node or a default configuration) , may deliver the multiple duplications of the packet (e.g., the multiple first duplicates of the packet) to different RLC entities in the RLC layer of the S-UE 502, and the S-UE 502 may transmit the multiple duplicates of the packet (e.g., the multiple first duplicates of the packet) using different logical channels associated with the different RLC entities. The R-UE 504 may receive the multiple duplicates of the packet (e.g., the multiple first duplicates of the packet) , and the multiple duplicates of the packet (e.g., the multiple first duplicates of the packet) may be delivered to the SRAP layer of the R-UE 504 from different RLC entities, in the RLC layer of the R-UE 504, associated with the different logical channels. The R-UE 504 may perform duplication detection for the packet in the SRAP layer of the R-UE 504 using the SN assigned to the duplicates of the packet (e.g., the SN in the SRAP header of each duplicate of the packet) . The R-UE 504 may keep one packet (e.g., a first duplicate of the packet successfully received and decoded in the SRAP layer of the R-UE 504) , and discard the other detected duplicates of the packet with the same SN.
[0125] The SRAP layer of the R-UE 504 may then set a SN for the packet (which may be the same as or different from the SN set by the SRAP layer of the S-UE 502) , and duplicate the packet, resulting in multiple duplicates of the packet (e.g., the multiple second duplicates of the packet) . The SRAP layer of the R-UE 504, based at least in part on a configuration (e.g., a configuration indicated in configuration information received from the network node or a default configuration) , may deliver the multiple duplications of the packet (e.g., the multiple second duplicates of the packet) to different RLC entities in the RLC layer of the R-UE 504, and the R-UE 504 may transmit the multiple duplicates of the packet (e.g., the multiple second duplicates of the packet) using different logical channels associated with the different RLC entities. The D-UE 506 may receive the multiple duplicates of the packet (e.g., the multiple second duplicates of the packet) , and the multiple duplicates of the packet (e.g., the multiple second duplicates of the packet) may be delivered to the SRAP layer of the D-UE 506 from different RLC entities, in the RLC layer of the D-UE 506, associated with the different logical channels. The D-UE 506 may perform duplication detection for the packet in the SRAP layer of the D-UE 506 using the SN assigned (e.g., in the SRAP layer of the R-UE 504) to the duplicates of the packet (e.g., the second duplicates of the packet) . The D-UE 506 may keep one packet (e.g., a duplicate of the packet that is first to be successfully received and decoded in the SRAP layer of the D-UE 506) , and discard the other detected duplicates of the packet with the same SN.
[0126] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 5.
[0127] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example process 600 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 600 is an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120, S-UE 502, R-UE 504) performs operations associated with duplication transmission in a UE-to-UE relay.
[0128] As shown in Fig. 6, in some aspects, process 600 may include determining to perform duplication transmission for a sidelink communication associated with a UE-to-UE relay based at least in part on configuration information associated with the UE (block 610) . For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager 906, depicted in Fig. 9) may determine to perform duplication transmission for a sidelink communication associated with a UE-to-UE relay, as described above based at least in part on configuration information associated with the UE.
[0129] As further shown in Fig. 6, in some aspects, process 600 may include transmitting a plurality of duplicates of a packet of the sidelink communication via at least one hop of the UE-to-UE relay (block 620) . For example, the UE (e.g., using transmission component 904 and / or communication manager 906, depicted in Fig. 9) may transmit a plurality of duplicates of a packet of the sidelink communication via at least one hop of the UE-to-UE relay, as described above.
[0130] Process 600 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0131] In a first aspect, the configuration information indicates authorization for duplication transmission based at least in part on a relay service code or a ProSe application identifier for a sidelink service associated with the sidelink communication.
[0132] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the configuration information indicates authorization for duplication transmission based at least in part on a geographical area associated with the UE.
[0133] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the configuration information indicates authorization for duplication transmission based at least in part on at least one of QoS requirements for the sidelink communication or a relay hop number.
[0134] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, determining to perform duplication transmission for the sidelink communication includes determining that at least one of a PQI associated with the sidelink communication, a PDB associated with the sidelink communication, or a PER associated with the sidelink communication is authorized for duplication transmission.
[0135] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, determining to perform duplication transmission for the sidelink communication includes determining that one or more QoS requirements associated with the sidelink communication satisfy a duplication transmission condition.
[0136] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the one or more QoS requirements include at least one of a PDB or a PER, and the one or more QoS requirements satisfy the duplication transmission condition in connection with at least one of the PDB satisfying a first threshold, or the PER satisfying a second threshold.
[0137] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the one or more QoS requirements are end-to-end QoS requirements for the UE-to-UE relay.
[0138] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the one or more QoS requirements are QoS requirements on a next hop of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0139] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, process 600 includes receiving, from a network node, the configuration information.
[0140] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the configuration information is included in an SIB.
[0141] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the configuration information indicates that duplication transmission is permitted for a QoS or a radio bearer associated with the sidelink communication.
[0142] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the configuration information is received via RRC signaling.
[0143] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, process 600 includes transmitting, to the network node, a request for duplication transmission for a QoS flow or a radio bearer associated with the sidelink communication, wherein the configuration information is received based at least in part on the request for duplication transmission.
[0144] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication includes transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet, using a same logical channel, in respective time resources over a duplication transmission time duration.
[0145] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further includes duplicating the packet in an RLC layer of the UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0146] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further includes duplicating the packet in an SRAP layer of the UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0147] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further includes duplicating the packet in a PDCP layer of the UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0148] In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further includes duplicating the packet in a MAC layer, an RLC layer, or a PDCP layer of the UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein the plurality of duplicates of the packet are transmitted without a sequence number.
[0149] In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication includes transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet using a respective logical channel for each duplicate of the plurality of duplicates.
[0150] In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further includes duplicating the packet in an SRAP layer of the UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet, and delivering the plurality of duplicates of the packet from the SRAP layer to different RLC entities in an RLC layer of the UE for transmission using respective logical channels associated with the different RLC entities.
[0151] In a twenty-first aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, the different RLC entities are associated with a radio bearer on which duplication transmission is configured.
[0152] In a twenty-second aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-first aspects, process 600 includes receiving configuration information indicating the radio bearer on which duplication transmission is configured and the different RLC entities.
[0153] In a twenty-third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-second aspects, the UE is a source UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0154] In a twenty-fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-third aspects, transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication includes transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet to a relay UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0155] In a twenty-fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-fourth aspects, the UE is a relay UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0156] In a twenty-sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-fifth aspects, process 600 includes receiving the packet from a source UE of the UE-to-UE relay, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication includes transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet to a destination UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0157] Although Fig. 6 shows example blocks of process 600, in some aspects, process 600 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 6. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 600 may be performed in parallel.
[0158] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example process 700 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 700 is an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120, D-UE 506, R-UE 504) performs operations associated with duplication transmission in a UE-to-UE relay.
[0159] As shown in Fig. 7, in some aspects, process 700 may include receiving, via at least one hop of a UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of a packet of a sidelink communication (block 710) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 902 and / or communication manager 906, depicted in Fig. 9) may receive, via at least one hop of a UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of a packet of a sidelink communication, as described above.
[0160] As further shown in Fig. 7, in some aspects, process 700 may include performing duplication detection for the packet (block 720) . For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager 906, depicted in Fig. 9) may perform duplication detection for the packet, as described above.
[0161] As further shown in Fig. 7, in some aspects, process 700 may include discarding one or more of the plurality of duplicates of the packet in connection with the duplication detection (block 730) . For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager 906, depicted in Fig. 9) may discard one or more of the plurality of duplicates of the packet in connection with the duplication detection, as described above.
[0162] Process 700 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0163] In a first aspect, receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication includes receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet on a same logical channel in respective time resources within a duplication transmission time duration.
[0164] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, performing the duplication detection for the packet includes performing the duplication detection in an RLC layer of the UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective RLC header of each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0165] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, performing the duplication detection for the packet includes performing the duplication detection in an SRAP layer of the UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective SRAP header of each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0166] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, performing the duplication detection for the packet includes performing the duplication detection in a PDCP layer of the UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective PDCP header of each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0167] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication includes receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet in an SRAP layer of the UE via multiple RLC entities in an RLC layer of the UE, the multiple RLC entities associated with respective logical channels.
[0168] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, performing the duplication detection for the packet includes performing the duplication detection in the SRAP layer of the UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective SRAP header of each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0169] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the UE is a destination UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0170] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication includes receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet from a relay UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0171] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the UE is a relay UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0172] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication includes receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet from a source UE of the UE-to-UE relay, and process 700 includes transmitting the packet to a destination UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0173] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the plurality of duplicates of the packet is a plurality of first duplicates of the packet, and transmitting the packet to the destination UE includes transmitting a plurality of second duplicates of the packet to the destination UE.
[0174] Although Fig. 7 shows example blocks of process 700, in some aspects, process 700 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 7. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 700 may be performed in parallel.
[0175] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process 800 performed, for example, at a relay UE or an apparatus of a relay UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 800 is an example where the apparatus or the relay UE (e.g., UE 120, R-UE 504) performs operations associated with duplication transmission in a UE-to-UE relay.
[0176] As shown in Fig. 8, in some aspects, process 800 may include receiving, from a first remote UE of a UE-to-UE relay, a packet of a sidelink communication (block 810) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 902 and / or communication manager 906, depicted in Fig. 9) may receive, from a first remote UE of a UE-to-UE relay, a packet of a sidelink communication, as described above.
[0177] As further shown in Fig. 8, in some aspects, process 800 may include transmitting, to a second remote UE of the UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication (block 820) . For example, the UE (e.g., using transmission component 904 and / or communication manager 906, depicted in Fig. 9) may transmit, to a second remote UE of the UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication, as described above.
[0178] Process 800 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0179] In a first aspect, transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication includes transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication in connection with a determination, based at least in part on configuration information associated with the relay UE, to perform duplication transmission for the sidelink communication.
[0180] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication includes transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet, using a same logical channel, in respective time resources over a duplication transmission time duration.
[0181] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further includes duplicating the packet in an RLC layer of the relay UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0182] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further includes duplicating the packet in an SRAP layer of the relay UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0183] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further includes duplicating the packet in a MAC layer or an RLC layer of the relay UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein the plurality of duplicates of the packet are transmitted without a sequence number.
[0184] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication includes transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet using a respective logical channel for each duplicate of the plurality of duplicates.
[0185] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further includes duplicating the packet in an SRAP layer of the relay UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet, and delivering the plurality of duplicates of the packet from the SRAP layer to different RLC entities in an RLC layer of the relay UE for transmission using respective logical channels associated with the different RLC entities.
[0186] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the different RLC entities are associated with a radio bearer on which duplication transmission is configured.
[0187] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, process 800 includes receiving configuration information indicating the radio bearer on which duplication transmission is configured and the different RLC entities.
[0188] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the plurality of duplicates of the packet is a plurality of second duplicates of the packet, and receiving the packet of the sidelink communication includes receiving a plurality of first duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication.
[0189] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, process 800 includes performing duplication detection to detect the plurality of first duplicates of the packet, and discarding one or more of the plurality of first duplicates of the packet in connection with the duplication detection.
[0190] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, receiving the plurality of first duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication includes receiving the plurality of first duplicates of the packet on a same logical channel in respective time resources within a duplication transmission time duration.
[0191] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, performing the duplication detection includes performing the duplication detection in an RLC layer of the relay UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective RLC header of each of the plurality of first duplicates of the packet.
[0192] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, performing the duplication detection includes performing the duplication detection in an SRAP layer of the relay UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective SRAP header of each of the plurality of first duplicates of the packet.
[0193] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, receiving the plurality of first duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication includes receiving the plurality of first duplicates of the packet in an SRAP layer of the relay UE via multiple RLC entities in an RLC layer of the relay UE, the multiple RLC entities associated with respective logical channels.
[0194] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, performing the duplication detection includes performing the duplication detection in the SRAP layer of the relay UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective SRAP header of each of the plurality of first duplicates of the packet.
[0195] Although Fig. 8 shows example blocks of process 800, in some aspects, process 800 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 8. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 800 may be performed in parallel.
[0196] Fig. 9 is a diagram of an example apparatus 900 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 900 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 900. In some aspects, the apparatus 900 includes a reception component 902, a transmission component 904, and / or a communication manager 906, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 906 is the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 900 may communicate with another apparatus 908, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 902 and the transmission component 904. The communication manager 906 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system (for example, the processing system 140 described in connection with Fig. 1) of the UE.
[0197] In some aspects, the apparatus 900 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 3-5. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 900 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 600 of Fig. 6, process 700 of Fig. 7, process 800 of Fig. 8, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 900 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 9 may include one or more components of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 9 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0198] The reception component 902 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 908. The reception component 902 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 900. In some aspects, the reception component 902 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 900. In some aspects, the reception component 902 may include one or more components of the UE described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the UE.
[0199] The transmission component 904 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 908. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 900 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 904 for transmission to the apparatus 908. In some aspects, the transmission component 904 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 908. In some aspects, the transmission component 904 may include one or more components of the UE described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1. In some aspects, the transmission component 904 may be co-located with the reception component 902.
[0200] The communication manager 906 may support operations of the reception component 902 and / or the transmission component 904. For example, the communication manager 906 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 902 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 904. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 906 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 902 and / or the transmission component 904 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0201] In some aspects, the communication manager 906 may determine to perform duplication transmission for a sidelink communication associated with a UE-to-UE relay based at least in part on configuration information associated with the UE. The transmission component 904 may transmit a plurality of duplicates of a packet of the sidelink communication via at least one hop of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0202] The reception component 902 may receive the configuration information.
[0203] The transmission component 904 may transmit, to the network node, a request for duplication transmission for a QoS flow or a radio bearer associated with the sidelink communication, wherein the configuration information is received based at least in part on the request for duplication transmission.
[0204] The reception component 902 may receive configuration information indicating the radio bearer on which duplication transmission is configured and the different RLC entities.
[0205] The reception component 902 may receive the packet from a source UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0206] In some aspects, the reception component 902 may receive, via at least one hop of a UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of a packet of a sidelink communication. The communication manager 906 may perform duplication detection for the packet. The communication manager 906 may discard one or more of the plurality of duplicates of the packet in connection with the duplication detection.
[0207] The transmission component 904 may transmit the packet to a destination UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0208] In some aspects, the reception component 902 may receive, from a first remote UE of a UE-to-UE relay, a packet of a sidelink communication. The transmission component 904 may transmit, to a second remote UE of the UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication.
[0209] The reception component 902 may receive configuration information indicating the radio bearer on which duplication transmission is configured and the different RLC entities.
[0210] The communication manager 906 may perform duplication detection to detect the plurality of first duplicates of the packet.
[0211] The communication manager 906 may discard one or more of the plurality of first duplicates of the packet in connection with the duplication detection.
[0212] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 9 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 9. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 9 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 9 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 9 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 9.
[0213] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0214] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: determining to perform duplication transmission for a sidelink communication associated with a UE-to-UE relay based at least in part on configuration information associated with the UE; and transmitting a plurality of duplicates of a packet of the sidelink communication via at least one hop of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0215] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the configuration information indicates authorization for duplication transmission based at least in part on a relay service code or a proximity-based services (ProSe) application identifier for a sidelink service associated with the sidelink communication.
[0216] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein the configuration information indicates authorization for duplication transmission based at least in part on a geographical area associated with the UE.
[0217] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein the configuration information indicates authorization for duplication transmission based at least in part on at least one of quality of service (QoS) requirements for the sidelink communication or a relay hop number.
[0218] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein determining to perform duplication transmission for the sidelink communication comprises: determining that at least one of a PC5 quality of service (QoS) identifier (PQI) associated with the sidelink communication, a packet delay budget (PDB) associated with the sidelink communication, or a packet error rate (PER) associated with the sidelink communication is authorized for duplication transmission.
[0219] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein determining to perform duplication transmission for the sidelink communication comprises: determining that one or more quality of service (QoS) requirements associated with the sidelink communication satisfy a duplication transmission condition.
[0220] Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 6, wherein the one or more QoS requirements include at least one of a packet delay budget (PDB) or a packet error rate (PER) , and wherein the one or more QoS requirements satisfy the duplication transmission condition in connection with at least one of: the PDB satisfying a first threshold, or the PER satisfying a second threshold.
[0221] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects Aspect 6-7, wherein the one or more QoS requirements are end-to-end QoS requirements for the UE-to-UE relay.
[0222] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 6-8, wherein the one or more QoS requirements are QoS requirements on a next hop of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0223] Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, further comprising: receiving, from a network node, the configuration information.
[0224] Aspect 11: The method of Aspect 10, wherein the configuration information is included in a system information block (SIB) .
[0225] Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 10-11, wherein the configuration information indicates that duplication transmission is permitted for a quality of service (QoS) or a radio bearer associated with the sidelink communication.
[0226] Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 10-12, wherein the configuration information is received via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
[0227] Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 10 and 12-13, further comprising: transmitting, to the network node, a request for duplication transmission for a quality of service (QoS) flow or a radio bearer associated with the sidelink communication, wherein the configuration information is received based at least in part on the request for duplication transmission.
[0228] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication comprises: transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet, using a same logical channel, in respective time resources over a duplication transmission time duration.
[0229] Aspect 16: The method of Aspect 15, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further comprises: duplicating the packet in a radio link control (RLC) layer of the UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0230] Aspect 17: The method of Aspect 15, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further comprises: duplicating the packet in a sidelink relay adaptation protocol (SRAP) layer of the UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0231] Aspect 18: The method of Aspect 15, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further comprises: duplicating the packet in a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0232] Aspect 19: The method of Aspect 15, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further comprises: duplicating the packet in a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, or a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein the plurality of duplicates of the packet are transmitted without a sequence number.
[0233] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication comprises: transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet using a respective logical channel for each duplicate of the plurality of duplicates.
[0234] Aspect 21: The method of Aspect 20, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further comprises: duplicating the packet in a sidelink relay adaptation protocol (SRAP) layer of the UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet; and delivering the plurality of duplicates of the packet from the SRAP layer to different radio link control (RLC) entities in an RLC layer of the UE for transmission using respective logical channels associated with the different RLC entities.
[0235] Aspect 22: The method of Aspect 21, wherein the different RLC entities are associated with a radio bearer on which duplication transmission is configured.
[0236] Aspect 23: The method of Aspect 22, further comprising: receiving configuration information indicating the radio bearer on which duplication transmission is configured and the different RLC entities.
[0237] Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 1-23, wherein the UE is a source UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0238] Aspect 25: The method of Aspect 24, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication comprises: transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet to a relay UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0239] Aspect 26: The method of any of Aspects 1-23, wherein the UE is a relay UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0240] Aspect 27: The method of Aspect 26, further comprising: receiving the packet from a source UE of the UE-to-UE relay, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication comprises transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet to a destination UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0241] Aspect 28: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: receiving, via at least one hop of a UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of a packet of a sidelink communication; performing duplication detection for the packet; and discarding one or more of the plurality of duplicates of the packet in connection with the duplication detection.
[0242] Aspect 29: The method of Aspect 28, wherein receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication comprises: receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet on a same logical channel in respective time resources within a duplication transmission time duration.
[0243] Aspect 30: The method of Aspect 29, wherein performing the duplication detection for the packet comprises: performing the duplication detection in a radio link control (RLC) layer of the UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective RLC header of each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0244] Aspect 31: The method of Aspect 29, wherein performing the duplication detection for the packet comprises: performing the duplication detection in a sidelink relay adaptation protocol (SRAP) layer of the UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective SRAP header of each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0245] Aspect 32: The method of Aspect 29, wherein performing the duplication detection for the packet comprises: performing the duplication detection in a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective PDCP header of each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0246] Aspect 33: The method of Aspect 28, wherein receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication comprises: receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet in a sidelink relay adaptation protocol (SRAP) layer of the UE via multiple radio link control (RLC) entities in an RLC layer of the UE, the multiple RLC entities associated with respective logical channels.
[0247] Aspect 34: The method of Aspect 33, wherein performing the duplication detection for the packet comprises: performing the duplication detection in the SRAP layer of the UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective SRAP header of each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0248] Aspect 35: The method of any of Aspects 28-34, wherein the UE is a destination UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0249] Aspect 36: The method of Aspect 35, wherein receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication comprises: receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet from a relay UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0250] Aspect 37: The method of any of Aspects 28-34, wherein the UE is a relay UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0251] Aspect 38: The method of Aspect 37, wherein receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication comprises receiving the plurality of duplicates of the packet from a source UE of the UE-to-UE relay, and further comprising: transmitting the packet to a destination UE of the UE-to-UE relay.
[0252] Aspect 39: The method of Aspect 38, wherein the plurality of duplicates of the packet is a plurality of first duplicates of the packet, and wherein transmitting the packet to the destination UE comprises: transmitting a plurality of second duplicates of the packet to the destination UE.
[0253] Aspect 40: A method of wireless communication performed by a relay user equipment (UE) , comprising: receiving, from a first remote UE of a UE-to-UE relay, a packet of a sidelink communication; and transmitting, to a second remote UE of the UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication.
[0254] Aspect 41: The method of Aspect 40, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication comprises: transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication in connection with a determination, based at least in part on configuration information associated with the relay UE, to perform duplication transmission for the sidelink communication.
[0255] Aspect 42: The method of any of Aspects 40-41, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication comprises: transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet, using a same logical channel, in respective time resources over a duplication transmission time duration.
[0256] Aspect 43: The method of Aspect 42, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further comprises: duplicating the packet in a radio link control (RLC) layer of the relay UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0257] Aspect 44: The method of Aspect 42, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further comprises: duplicating the packet in a sidelink relay adaptation protocol (SRAP) layer of the relay UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.
[0258] Aspect 45: The method of Aspect 42, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further comprises: duplicating the packet in a medium access control (MAC) layer or a radio link control (RLC) layer of the relay UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein the plurality of duplicates of the packet are transmitted without a sequence number.
[0259] Aspect 46: The method of any of Aspects 40-41, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication comprises: transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet using a respective logical channel for each duplicate of the plurality of duplicates.
[0260] Aspect 47: The method of Aspect 46, wherein transmitting the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication further comprises: duplicating the packet in a sidelink relay adaptation protocol (SRAP) layer of the relay UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet; and delivering the plurality of duplicates of the packet from the SRAP layer to different radio link control (RLC) entities in an RLC layer of the relay UE for transmission using respective logical channels associated with the different RLC entities.
[0261] Aspect 48: The method of Aspect 47, wherein the different RLC entities are associated with a radio bearer on which duplication transmission is configured.
[0262] Aspect 49: The method of Aspect 48, further comprising: receiving configuration information indicating the radio bearer on which duplication transmission is configured and the different RLC entities.
[0263] Aspect 50: The method of any of Aspects 40-49, wherein the plurality of duplicates of the packet is a plurality of second duplicates of the packet, and wherein receiving the packet of the sidelink communication comprises: receiving a plurality of first duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication.
[0264] Aspect 51: The method of Aspect 50, further comprising: performing duplication detection to detect the plurality of first duplicates of the packet; and discarding one or more of the plurality of first duplicates of the packet in connection with the duplication detection.
[0265] Aspect 52: The method of Aspect 51, wherein receiving the plurality of first duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication comprises: receiving the plurality of first duplicates of the packet on a same logical channel in respective time resources within a duplication transmission time duration.
[0266] Aspect 53: The method of Aspect 52, wherein performing the duplication detection comprises: performing the duplication detection in a radio link control (RLC) layer of the relay UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective RLC header of each of the plurality of first duplicates of the packet.
[0267] Aspect 54: The method of Aspect 52, wherein performing the duplication detection comprises: performing the duplication detection in a sidelink relay adaptation protocol (SRAP) layer of the relay UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective SRAP header of each of the plurality of first duplicates of the packet.
[0268] Aspect 55: The method of Aspect 51, wherein receiving the plurality of first duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication comprises: receiving the plurality of first duplicates of the packet in a sidelink relay adaptation protocol (SRAP) layer of the relay UE via multiple radio link control (RLC) entities in an RLC layer of the relay UE, the multiple RLC entities associated with respective logical channels.
[0269] Aspect 56: The method of Aspect 55, wherein performing the duplication detection comprises: performing the duplication detection in the SRAP layer of the relay UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective SRAP header of each of the plurality of first duplicates of the packet.
[0270] Aspect 57: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-56.
[0271] Aspect 58: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-56.
[0272] Aspect 59: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-56.
[0273] Aspect 60: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-56.
[0274] Aspect 61: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-56.
[0275] Aspect 62: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-56.
[0276] Aspect 63: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-56.
[0277] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects. No element, act, or instruction described herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such.
[0278] It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0279] As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to refer to one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more” or “at least one. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or “asingle one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” “comprise, ” “comprising, ” “include” and “including, ” and derivatives thereof or similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B) . Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0280] As used herein, the term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, estimating, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , searching, inferring, ascertaining, and / or measuring, among other possibilities. Also, “determining” can include receiving (such as receiving information) , accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory) or transmitting (such as transmitting information) , among other possibilities. Additionally, “determining” can include resolving, selecting, obtaining, choosing, establishing, and / or other such similar actions.
[0281] As used herein, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based at least in part on” or “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0282] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the scope of all aspects described herein. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to:determine to perform duplication transmission for a sidelink communication associated with a UE-to-UE relay based at least in part on configuration information associated with the UE; andtransmit a plurality of duplicates of a packet of the sidelink communication via at least one hop of the UE-to-UE relay.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the configuration information indicates authorization for duplication transmission based at least in part on at least one of:a relay service code or a proximity-based services (ProSe) application identifier for a sidelink service associated with the sidelink communication,a geographical area associated with the UE,quality of service (QoS) requirements for the sidelink communication, ora relay hop number.3.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to determine to perform duplication transmission for the sidelink communication, are individually or collectively configured to:determine that one or more quality of service (QoS) requirements associated with the sidelink communication satisfy a duplication transmission condition.4.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to:receive, from a network node, the configuration information.5.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to transmit the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication, are individually or collectively configured to:transmit the plurality of duplicates of the packet, using a same logical channel, in respective time resources over a duplication transmission time duration.6.The UE of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors, to transmit the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication, are further individually or collectively configured to:duplicate the packet in a radio link control (RLC) layer or a sidelink relay adaptation protocol (SRAP) of the UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.7.The UE of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors, to transmit the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication, are further individually or collectively configured to:duplicate the packet in a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.8.The UE of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors, to transmit the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication, are further individually or collectively configured to:duplicate the packet in a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, or a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein the plurality of duplicates of the packet are transmitted without a sequence number.9.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to transmit the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication, are individually or collectively configured to:transmit the plurality of duplicates of the packet using a respective logical channel for each duplicate of the plurality of duplicates.10.The UE of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors, to transmit the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication, are further individually or collectively configured to:duplicate the packet in a sidelink relay adaptation protocol (SRAP) layer of the UE, resulting in the plurality of duplicates of the packet, wherein a same sequence number is assigned to each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet; anddeliver the plurality of duplicates of the packet from the SRAP layer to different radio link control (RLC) entities in an RLC layer of the UE for transmission using respective logical channels associated with the different RLC entities.11.The UE of claim 10, wherein the different RLC entities are associated with a radio bearer on which duplication transmission is configured, and wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to:receive configuration information indicating the radio bearer on which duplication transmission is configured and the different RLC entities.12.A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to:receive, via at least one hop of a UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of a packet of a sidelink communication;perform duplication detection for the packet; anddiscard one or more of the plurality of duplicates of the packet in connection with the duplication detection.13.The UE of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors, to receive the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication, are individually or collectively configured to:receive the plurality of duplicates of the packet on a same logical channel in respective time resources within a duplication transmission time duration.14.The UE of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors, to perform the duplication detection for the packet, are individually or collectively configured to:perform the duplication detection in a radio link control (RLC) layer or a sidelink relay adaptation protocol (SRAP) layer of the UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective RLC or SRAP header of each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.15.The UE of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors, to perform the duplication detection for the packet, are individually or collectively configured to:perform the duplication detection in a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective PDCP header of each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.16.The UE of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors, to receive the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication, are individually or collectively configured to receive the plurality of duplicates of the packet in a sidelink relay adaptation protocol (SRAP) layer of the UE via multiple radio link control (RLC) entities in an RLC layer of the UE, the multiple RLC entities associated with respective logical channels; andwherein the one or more processors, to perform the duplication detection for the packet, are individually or collectively configured to perform the duplication detection in the SRAP layer of the UE based at least in part on a sequence number included in a respective SRAP header of each of the plurality of duplicates of the packet.17.A relay user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to:receive, from a first remote UE of a UE-to-UE relay, a packet of a sidelink communication; andtransmit, to a second remote UE of the UE-to-UE relay, a plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication.18.The relay UE of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors, to transmit the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication, are individually or collectively configured to:transmit the plurality of duplicates of the packet, using a same logical channel, in respective time resources over a duplication transmission time duration.19.The relay UE of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors, to transmit the plurality of duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication, are individually or collectively configured to:transmit the plurality of duplicates of the packet using a respective logical channel for each duplicate of the plurality of duplicates.20.The relay UE of claim 17, wherein the plurality of duplicates of the packet is a plurality of second duplicates of the packet, wherein the one or more processors, to receive the packet of the sidelink communication, are individually or collectively configured to receive a plurality of first duplicates of the packet of the sidelink communication, and wherein the one or more processor are individually or collectively configured to:perform duplication detection to detect the plurality of first duplicates of the packet; anddiscard one or more of the plurality of first duplicates of the packet in connection with the duplication detection.