Bispecific antibody against TL1a and TNF-ΑLPHA and use thereof
A bispecific antibody targeting TNF-α and TL1A addresses the limitations of current IBD therapies by simultaneously binding both proteins, enhancing efficacy and reducing adverse effects, suitable for treating inflammatory and immune-related diseases.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING VDJBIO
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Current therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are limited, with many patients not responding to initial treatments, and surgical interventions are invasive, while dual-target drugs for TNF-α and TL1A are lacking.
Development of a bispecific antibody that simultaneously binds to both TNF-α and TL1A, utilizing specific antigen-binding domains connected by a linker, with variable regions and CDRs defined by various numbering systems, to target and block signaling pathways.
The bispecific antibody provides enhanced therapeutic efficacy and specificity, reducing off-target toxicity and treatment costs, offering a targeted approach for IBD and other inflammatory and immune-related diseases.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2025108273-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025108273-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025108273-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
BISPECIFIC ANTIBODY AGAINST TL1A AND TNF-ΑLPHA AND USE THEREOFFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a bispecific antibody against TL1A and TNF-α and use thereof.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] TNF-like ligand 1a (TL1A, also known as TNF superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15) ) , one of the members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is a type II membrane protein that is expressed by antigen-presenting cells (including dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages) , CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and endothelial cells and can be expressed on the cell surface or secreted as soluble cytokines.
[0003] TL1A is associated with the development and severity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) , the main types of which are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) . These diseases are very prevalent and the number of available therapies is limited, and there are some patients who do not respond to initial treatment or whose response disappears over time. Currently, the only therapy for patients who do not respond to first-line treatment is surgery. Surgical treatment of IBD is invasive, and about one-third of patients who undergo surgery experience postoperative risks. The pathogenesis of IBD is thought to involve an uncontrolled immune response, and the heterogeneity of disease pathogenesis and clinical course suggests that a targeted therapeutic approach to treating these diseases is an ideal therapeutic strategy. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches that specifically target the pathogenesis of IBD, drugs that inhibit TL1A activity, have become popular targets for the development of IBD therapies.
[0004] Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) , a homotrimer protein consisting of 157 amino acids, is mainly produced by activated macrophages, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells, and it plays an important role in multiple physiological processes, such as immune response, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. Members of the TNF receptor family include TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNFR1 and TNFR2 are receptor proteins on the surface of cell membranes that can bind to TNF-α and transmit cellular signals, of which TNFR1 mainly exerts a pro-inflammatory effect. When cells are subjected to inflammatory stimuli or stress, TNFR1 expression is increased, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) bound to it will activate a series of signaling pathways, triggering biological processes such as apoptosis and inflammatory responses. Currently, with respect to inflammation treatment, blocking TNF-TNFR1 by binding TNFR1 and ligand TNF is one of the important therapeutic strategies. Currently, a variety of TNF-α inhibitors are available on the market, which are mainly divided into two groups: fusion proteins and monoclonal antibodies. As the largest-selling TNF-α inhibitor biologic drug, adalimumab has excellent performance in the treatment of a variety of diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, and the like.
[0005] However, currently, no similar dual-target drugs have been approved for marketing at home or abroad.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] In order to address one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present disclosure provides a bispecific antibody, which can better maintain the activity of the individual monoclonal antibody, and can simultaneously and specifically bind to both TNF-like ligand 1a (TL1A) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) targets, and has similar or even better biological activity than the monoclonal antibody.
[0007] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a bispecific antibody, comprising: a first domain that specifically binds TNF-like ligand 1a (TL1A) , and a second domain that specifically binds tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)
[0008] In some embodiments, the first domain is an antibody or a functional fragment thereof that specifically binds TL1A.
[0009] In some embodiments, the second domain is an antibody or a functional fragment thereof that specifically binds TNF-α.
[0010] In some embodiments, the first domain comprises a Fab fragment, a Fab'fragment, a F (ab') 2 fragment, a Fv fragment, a scFv fragment, a nanobody, a heavy chain variable region (VH) fragment and / or a light chain variable region (VL) fragment of an antibody that specifically binds TL1A.
[0011] In some embodiments, the second domain comprises a Fab fragment, a Fab'fragment, a F (ab') 2 fragment, a Fv fragment, a scFv fragment, a nanobody, a heavy chain variable region (VH) fragment and / or a light chain variable region (VL) fragment of an antibody that specifically binds TNF-α.
[0012] In some embodiments, the first domain and the second domain are connected either directly or via a linker.
[0013] In some embodiments, the linker has an amino acid sequence as shown in a general formula (GnS) m, wherein n and m are integers from 1 to 10, respectively; more preferably, n is an integer from 1 to 4, and m is an integer from 1 to 3; or an amino acid sequence having an insertion, substitution or deletion of 1, 2 or 3 amino acids as compared to the amino acid sequence shown in the general formula (GnS) m. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the linker comprises at least 6 amino acids.
[0014] In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises a first domain and a second domain connected in any manner. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises a first domain-second domain from the N-terminus to the C-terminus. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises a second domain-first domain from the N-terminus to the C-terminus.
[0015] In some embodiments, the first domain comprises the following three heavy chain variable region complementary determining regions (HCDRs) :
[0016] HCDR1, having an amino acid sequence of HCDR1 contained in a heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of HCDR1 contained in the heavy chain variable region;
[0017] HCDR2, having an amino acid sequence of HCDR2 contained in a heavy chain variable region as shown in any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of HCDR2 contained in the heavy chain variable region;
[0018] HCDR3, having an amino acid sequence of HCDR3 contained in a heavy chain variable region as shown in any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of HCDR3 contained in the heavy chain variable region.
[0019] In some embodiments, the first domain comprises the following three light chain variable region complementary determining regions (LCDRs) :
[0020] LCDR1, having an amino acid sequence of LCDR1 contained in a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of LCDR1 contained in the light chain variable region;
[0021] LCDR2, having an amino acid sequence of LCDR2 contained in a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of LCDR2 contained in the light chain variable region;
[0022] LCDR3, having an amino acid sequence of LCDR3 contained in a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of LCDR3 contained in the light chain variable region.
[0023] In some embodiments, the first domain comprises HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3 contained in the heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 contained in the light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0024] In some embodiments, the first domain comprises HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3 contained in the heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, and LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 contained in the light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0025] In some embodiments, the first domain comprises the HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or the LCDR1-LCDR3 which are defined by IMGT numbering system, Kabat numbering system, Chothia numbering system, Contact numbering system, or a combination thereof.
[0026] In some embodiments, the first domain comprises the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined according to IMGT numbering system: (a) a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, LCDR2 with a sequence of YAT, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11; or (b) a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28, LCDR2 with a sequence of DAS, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29.
[0027] In some embodiments, the first domain comprises the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined according to Kabat numbering system: (a) a heavy chain variable region comprising the following three HCDRs: an HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, an HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and an HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11; or (b) a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29.
[0028] In some embodiments, the first domain comprises the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined according to Chothia numbering system: (a) a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: an HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, an HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, and an HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11; or (b) a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29.
[0029] In some embodiments, the first domain comprises the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined according to Contact numbering system: (a) a heavy chain variable region comprising the following three HCDRs: an HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, an HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32, and an HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28; or (b) a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24.
[0030] In some embodiments, the first domain comprises: a heavy chain variable region having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared thereto, or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity thereto; and a light chain variable region, having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4, an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared thereto, or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity thereto.
[0031] In some embodiments, the first domain comprises a heavy chain variable region having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a light chain variable region having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0032] In some embodiments, the first domain comprises a heavy chain variable region having the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 and a light chain variable region having the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0033] In some embodiments, the second domain comprises the following three heavy chain variable region complementary determining regions (HCDRs) :
[0034] HCDR1, having an amino acid sequence of HCDR1 contained in a heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of HCDR1 contained in the heavy chain variable region;
[0035] HCDR2, having an amino acid sequence of HCDR2 contained in a heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of HCDR2 contained in the heavy chain variable region;
[0036] HCDR3, having an amino acid sequence of HCDR3 contained in a heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of HCDR3 contained in the heavy chain variable region.
[0037] In some embodiments, the second domain comprises the following three light chain variable region complementary determining regions (LCDRs) :
[0038] LCDR1, having an amino acid sequence of LCDR1 contained in a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of LCDR1 contained in the light chain variable region;
[0039] LCDR2, having an amino acid sequence of LCDR2 contained in a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of LCDR2 contained in the light chain variable region;
[0040] LCDR3, having an amino acid sequence of LCDR3 contained in a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of LCDR3 contained in the light chain variable region.
[0041] In some embodiments, the second domain comprises the HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or the LCDR1-LCDR3 which are defined by IMGT numbering system, Kabat numbering system, Chothia numbering system, Contact numbering system, or a combination thereof.
[0042] In some embodiments, the second domain comprises the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined according to the IMGT numbering system: a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: an HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43, an HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44, an HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46, LCDR2 with a sequence of DAS, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47.
[0043] In some embodiments, the second domain comprises the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined according to Kabat numbering system: a heavy chain variable region comprising the following three HCDRs: an HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, an HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49, and an HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47.
[0044] In some embodiments, the second domain comprises the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined according to Chothia numbering system: a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: an HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53, an HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54, and an HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47.
[0045] In some embodiments, the second domain comprises the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined according to Contact numbering system: a heavy chain variable region comprising the following three HCDRs: an HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55, an HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56, and an HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60.
[0046] In some embodiments, the second domain comprises: a heavy chain variable region having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared thereto, or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity thereto; and a light chain variable region, having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared thereto, or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity thereto.
[0047] In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 61 and 62, an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared thereto, or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity thereto. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 63 and 64, an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared thereto, or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity thereto. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 65 and 66, an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared thereto, or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity thereto. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 67 and 68, an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared thereto, or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity thereto.
[0048] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding a bispecific antibody of the present disclosure.
[0049] In some embodiments, the isolated nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 75 and 76, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity thereto. In some embodiments, the isolated nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 77 and 78, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity thereto. In some embodiments, the isolated nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 79 and 80, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity thereto. In some embodiments, the isolated nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 81 and 82, or a nucleotide sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 88%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99%sequence identity thereto.
[0050] In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody of the present disclosure forms a dimer. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody of the present disclosure forms a homodimer. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody of the present disclosure forms a heterodimer.
[0051] A further aspect of the present disclosure provides an expression vector comprising an isolated nucleic acid molecule of the present disclosure.
[0052] In some embodiments, the expression vector comprises an expression vector derived from an adenovirus, an adeno-associated virus, a lentivirus, or other acceptable expression vectors.
[0053] A further aspect of the present disclosure provides a host cell comprising an isolated nucleic acid molecule as described herein, or an expression vector as described herein.
[0054] A further aspect of the present disclosure provides a chimeric antigen receptor comprising an extracellular antigen-binding fragment, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular signaling domain, wherein the extracellular antigen-binding fragment comprises a bispecific antibody as described herein.
[0055] A further aspect of the present disclosure provides a conjugate comprising a bispecific antibody as described herein, and a conjugate moiety.
[0056] In some embodiments, the conjugate moiety is selected from the group consisting of a detectable label, a radioisotope, a fluorescent substance, a luminescent substance, a colored substance, an enzyme, polyethylene glycol (PEG) , a nuclide, a nucleic acid, a small-molecule toxin, a peptide with binding activity, a protein, a receptor, a ligand, and other active substances that inhibit growth of tumor cells, and promote apoptosis or necrosis of tumor cells.
[0057] A further aspect of the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a bispecific antibody as described herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0058] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises an isolated nucleic acid molecule as described herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0059] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises an expression vector as described herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0060] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is a form of a tablet, a pulvis, a granule, a pill, an injection, a suspension, a powder, an emulsion, an aerosol, a gel, an eye drop, a sustained-release agent, or a sustained-release implant. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated into an injectable formulation. In some embodiments, the formulation is suitable for intravitreal injections, subcutaneous, intracutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intrathecal, or intraspinal administration.
[0061] A further aspect of the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical cartridge, the cartridge comprising a pharmaceutical composition as described herein, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is encapsulated in a container.
[0062] In some embodiments, the container is a glass ampoule, a glass vial, a plastic ampoule, a plastic vial, a plastic bag, or a prefilled syringe.
[0063] In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical unit dosage form suitable for parenteral administration to a human, the pharmaceutical unit dosage form comprising a pharmaceutical composition as described herein in a suitable container. In some embodiments, the suitable container is a prefilled syringe. In some embodiments, the prefilled syringe comprises an injection needle.
[0064] A further aspect of the present disclosure provides a kit comprising a bispecific antibody as described herein and, optionally, an instruction for use.
[0065] A further aspect of the present disclosure provides a use of a bispecific antibody described herein, an isolated nucleic acid molecule described herein, an expression vector described herein, a chimeric antigen receptor described herein, a conjugate described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein in the preparation of a medicament for preventing or treating TL1A and / or TNF-αrelated diseases.
[0066] A further aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for treating or preventing TL1A and / or TNF-α related diseases, the method comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific antibody described herein, an isolated nucleic acid molecule described herein, an expression vector described herein, a chimeric antigen receptor described herein, a conjugate described herein, or a pharmaceutical composition described herein.
[0067] In some embodiments, the diseases comprise one or more of an inflammatory disease, an immune system disease, and a cancer-related disease.
[0068] In some embodiments, the diseases include one or more of inflammatory bowel disease, allergy / asthma, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (including, for example, moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis in adults) , psoriatic arthritis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) , osteoarthritis, psoriasis arthropica, ankylosing spondylitis (including, for example, active ankylosing spondylitis) , spondyloarthropathy, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) , ulcerative colitis (UC, including, for example, moderate and severe ulcerative colitis) , Crohn's disease (CD) , Lyme arthritis, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) , meningoencephalitis, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, pancreatitis, graft-versus-host disease, arteritis, cardiovascular inflammation, neuromyelitis optica, Castleman's disease, systemic juvenile giant cell arteritis, giant cell arteritis, atherosclerosis, eosinophilic esophagitis, atopic dermatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, vasculitis, autoimmune thyroiditis, eczema, scleroderma, infection-associated endotoxic shock, aortitis graft rejection, cardiac disease, bone resorption, Paget's disease, osteoporosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, atherosclerosis, septicemia, periodontitis, hypochlorhydia, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) , systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) , cutaneous lupus erythematosus, immune-related adverse events (irAE) , thyroid eye disease (TED) , chronic kidney disease (CKD) , Sjogren syndrome, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease, polymyalgia rheumatica, myocardial infarction, uveitis, encephalomyelitis, myasthenia gravis, familial Mediterranean fever, Schnitzler's syndrome, transplant rejection, graft-versus-host disease, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, kidney transplantation, heart transplantation, bladder syndrome / interstitial cystitis, urinary tract dysfunction, systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) , novel coronavirus pneumonia-associated cytokine storm (CRS) , severe or life-threatening cytokine storm induced by CAR-T cells (CRS) , acute myelogenous leukemia, Behcet syndrome, esophageal adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, lung cancer, renal cancer, intestinal cancer, cervical cancer, glioma, metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, uroepithelial cell carcinoma, head and neck tumors, cancers of the nervous system, B-cell malignancies and aging, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, uroepithelial carcinoma, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer, solid tumors (renal cell carcinoma) , hematopoietic and lymphocytic tumors, malignant solid tumors, adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas, melanoma, recurrent glioblastoma, leukemias and lymphomas, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, diabetes mellitus, osteodystrophia fibrosa, obesity, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytic hyperplasia, idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, alopecia areata, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, gastrointestinal disorders associated with cystic fibrosis, irritable bowel syndrome, pelvic inflammatory disorders, Alzheimer's disease, Castleman's disease, dermatomyositis, Peyronie's disease, celiac disease, gallbladder disorders, pilonidal disease, peritonitis, surgical adhesions, surgical trauma, stroke, eczematous dermatitis, psoriasis, and Sjogren's syndrome.
[0069] The present disclosure provides a bispecific antibody that specifically binds both TL1A and TNF-α. This bispecific antibody simultaneously targets both TL1A and TNF-α and can block the TL1A / DR3 signaling pathway and TNF-α / TNFR signaling pathway with a synergistic effect. TL1A and TNF-α are factors in the same family, and dual-targeted therapy has a potential additive effect.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0070] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer and more understandable, the present disclosure is described in further detail below in connection with examples. The specific examples described herein are for the sole purpose of explaining the present disclosure and are not intended to constitute any limitation of the present disclosure. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of publicly known structures and techniques are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion about the concepts of the present disclosure.
[0071] TNF-like ligand 1a (TL1A) , one of the members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is a type II membrane protein that is expressed by antigen-presenting cells (including dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages) , CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and endothelial cells and can be expressed on the cell surface or secreted as soluble cytokines. TL1A is upregulated by the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1, and is also upregulated by immune complexes (IC) . TL1A can be cleaved from the cell membrane by a mechanism similar to that of TNF-α, thereby facilitating signaling. TL1A binds with high affinity to death receptor 3 (DR3) . The DR3 is a member of the TNF receptor family, also known as Wsl-1, Apo-3, TRAMP, and LARD, and is now known as TNF receptor superfamily member 25 (TNFRSF25) . DR3 is expressed by a variety of cells including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. TL1A mediates signaling pathways that promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines or promote apoptosis by binding to DR3. Depending on the cellular environment, TL1A binding to DR3 can trigger one of two signaling pathways, activation of the transcription factor NF-kB or activation of Caspase and apoptosis.
[0072] Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) , a homotrimer protein consisting of 157 amino acids, is mainly produced by activated macrophages, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells, and it plays an important role in a number of physiological processes, including the immune response, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. Members of the TNF receptor family include TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNFR1 and TNFR2 are receptor proteins on the surface of cell membranes that can bind to TNF-α and transmit cellular signals, of which TNFR1 mainly exerts pro-inflammatory effects. When cells are subjected to inflammatory stimuli or stress, TNFR1 expression is increased, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) bound to it will activate a series of signaling pathways, triggering biological processes such as apoptosis and inflammatory responses.
[0073] The present disclosure is based on the monoclonal antibody screened for targeting TL1A, and further accomplishes the expression of the bispecific antibody by co-transfection of host cells with dual plasmids. The activity analyzes and affinity assays are performed on the target proteins obtained by transient transfection after conventional purification to obtain the bifunctional fusion proteins, and screen for bispecific antibodies capable of simultaneously targeting TL1A and TNF-α. The bispecific antibodies of the present disclosure are directed against both the TL1A target and TNF-α target. CN2024104373245 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0074] Compared with a monoclonal antibody, a bispecific antibody adds a specific antigen-binding site, which makes it more specific and more accurate in targeting tumor cells, reduces the adverse effects of off-target toxicity, and can perform a special function to play a biological function that is difficult to achieve with monoclonal antibodies. Compared with monoclonal antibody combination therapies, it can also effectively reduce the cost of treatment and break the current upper limit of the therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as IBD and rheumatoid arthritis.
[0075] The sequences of the heavy chain variable region, the light chain variable region and their CDRs involved in the bispecific antibodies of the present disclosure are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0076] Table 1
[0077] Table 2
[0078] Definition
[0079] Unless otherwise defined, all technical or scientific terms used in the present disclosure have the same meaning as commonly used in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. For the purpose of interpreting this description, the following definitions will be applied and, where appropriate, terms used in the singular form will also include the plural form and vice versa.
[0080] The expressions "a" and "an" as used herein include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, reference to "a cell" includes a plurality of such cells and equivalents thereof as may be known to those skilled in the art, and the like.
[0081] The term "about" as used herein indicates a range of ±20%of the subsequent value. In some embodiments, the term "about" indicates a range of ±10%of the subsequent value. In some embodiments, the term "about" indicates a range of ±5%of the subsequent value.
[0082] The term "affinity" or "binding affinity" as used herein refers to the overall strength of non-covalent interactions between a single binding site of a molecule (e.g., a bispecific antibody or a bispecific binding molecule) and its binding ligand (e.g., an antigen) . Binding affinity can usually be expressed in terms of the dissociation constant (KD) , which is the ratio of the rate of dissociation (kd) to the rate of binding (ka) , i.e. KD= kd / ka. The affinity can be measured by conventional methods known in the art, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) .
[0083] The term "specific recognition" or "specific binding" as used herein refers to antibodies exhibiting selectivity in recognizing and binding to ligands or receptors, and can be distinguished from unwanted or non-specific binding. In one embodiment, as measured by SPR, for example, the degree of binding of the bispecific antibody of the present disclosure to unrelated proteins is less than about 10%of the degree of binding to TL1A and TNF-α. In certain embodiments, the bispecific antibodies provided by the present disclosure bind to both TL1A and TNF-α with a KD of 10-7M or less, e.g., 10-10M to 10-11M.
[0084] The term "substitution" as used herein for amino acids refers to the replacement of at least one amino acid residue in an amino acid sequence by a different "replacing" amino acid residue. The term "insertion" as used herein for amino acids refers to the incorporation of at least one additional amino acid into an amino acid sequence. While inserts typically consist of inserting 1 or 2 amino acid residues, it is also possible to prepare larger "peptide inserts" , e.g., inserting about 3 to 5 or even up to about 10, 15 or 20 amino acid residues. As disclosed above, the inserted residues may be naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring. The term "deletion" as used herein for amino acids refers to the removal of at least one amino acid residue from an amino acid sequence.
[0085] The bispecific antibodies or the fragments thereof of the present disclosure may comprise conservative amino acid substitutions at one or more amino acid residues, e.g., at essential or non-essential amino acid residues. "Conservative amino acid substitution" is the replacement of an amino acid residue by another amino acid residue with a similar side chain. Families of amino acid residues with similar side chains have been defined in the art and include basic side chains (e.g., lysine, arginine, histidine) , acidic side chains (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid) , uncharged polar side chains (e.g., glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine) , non-polar side chains (e.g., alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan) , β-branched side chains (e.g., threonine, valine, isoleucine) , and aromatic side chains (e.g., tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine) . Thus, an essential or non-essential amino acid residue in a bispecific antibody or linker herein is preferably replaced with another amino acid residue from the same side chain family. In certain embodiments, the amino acid chain segments may be replaced with chain segments that are structurally similar and have different order and / or composition of side chain family members. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, mutations may be introduced randomly along all or a portion of the coding sequence, such as by saturation mutagenesis, and the resulting mutants may be incorporated into the bispecific antibodies of the present disclosure and screened with respect to the ability of these polypeptides to bind to a desired target.
[0086] The term "antibody" as used herein includes an intact antibody and any antigen-binding fragment (i.e., "antigen-binding portion" , "antigen-binding polypeptide" , or "immunoconjugator" ) or their single chains. "Antibody" is a glycoprotein comprising a glycoprotein of at least two heavy (H) chains and at least two light (L) chains interconnected by disulfide bonds, or an antigen-binding portion thereof. Each heavy chain includes a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a heavy chain constant region (CH) . Each light chain includes a light chain variable region (VL) and a light chain constant region (CL) . The VH and VL regions each contain three regions that are highly variable in terms of amino acid composition and arrangement order, called hypervariable region or complementarity determining region (CDR) , that is, CDRl, CDR2 and CDR3. The regions in the VH and VL regions other than the CDR region are relatively conserved in terms of amino acid composition and arrangement order and are called framework region (FR) . VH or VL each has four framework regions, denoted by FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4, respectively.
[0087] There are five major classes of immunoglobulins, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, and these major classes can be further categorized into subclasses (isotypes) such as IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2. The heavy chain constant domains corresponding to the different classes of immunoglobulins are called α, δ, ε, γ, and μ, respectively. The CL lengths of the different types (κ or λ) of immunoglobulins are essentially the same, but the CH lengths of the different classes of immunoglobulins are different, e.g., IgG, IgA, and IgD include CH1, CH2, and CH3, whereas IgM and IgE include CHl, CH2, CH3, and CH4. The hinge region, located between CH1 and CH2, is rich in proline and easily stretches and bends, thus changing the distance between antigen-binding sites and facilitating antibody binding to antigenic epitopes located in different positions. The hinge region is susceptible to hydrolysis by papain, pepsin, etc., producing different hydrolyzed fragments. The position of Ig that is hydrolyzed by papain is at the proximal N terminus of the hinge region, where the two heavy chains are connected by disulfide bonds, which cleaves Ig into two identical Fab segments and one Fc segment. The Fab segment is a fragment antigenbinding (Fab) and consists of an intact light chain and the VH and CH1 domains of a heavy chain.
[0088] The term "homodimer" as used herein refers to a formation from a bispecific antibody of the present disclosure, including two identical bispecific antibodies of the present disclosure. The term "heterodimer" as used herein refers to a formation from a bispecific antibody of the present disclosure, including two different bispecific antibodies of the present disclosure.
[0089] The term "individual" or "subject” as used herein refers to a mammal, including, but not limited to, human and non-human mammals, e.g., a mammal including, but not limited to, a domesticated animal (e.g., a cow, horse, dog, sheep, goat, cat, and dog) , primate (e.g., human and monkey) , and rodent (e.g., rabbit, mouse, and rat) .
[0090] The range of values as used herein should be understood as having been enumerated for all numbers within that range. For example, the range of 1 to 20 should be understood to include any number, combination of numbers, or subrange from the following groups: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20.
[0091] The term "linker" as used herein refers to a (peptide) linker of natural and / or synthetic origin, consisting of linear amino acids. The respective domains in the bispecific antibodies of the present disclosure may be connected by a linker, wherein each linker is fused and / or otherwise connected (e.g., via a peptide bond) to at least two polypeptides or domains. In some embodiments, the amino acid sequences of all linkers present in the bispecific antibodies of the present disclosure are identical. In other embodiments, the amino acid sequences of at least two linkers present in the bispecific antibodies of the present disclosure are different. The linker should be of a length suitable for linking two or more monomeric domains in such a way that the linker is able to ensure that the different domains to which it is linked are correctly folded and appropriately presented so as to exert its biological activity function. In various embodiments, the linker has a flexible conformation. Suitable flexible linkers include, for example, having glycine, glutamine and / or serine residues. In some embodiments, the amino acid residues in the linker may be arranged in small repeating units of up to 5 amino acids.
[0092] "Percentage (%) sequence identity" relative to a reference amino acid sequence refers to the percentage of amino acid residues in the candidate sequence that are identical to amino acid residues in the reference amino acid sequence after aligning of the sequences and (as needed) introduction of gaps to obtain the maximum percentage of sequence identity, without regard to any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. To determine the percentage of amino acid sequence identity, alignments can be performed in various ways within the scope of the art, such as using BLAST, ALIGN, or Megalign (DNASTAR) software. Those skilled in the art may determine appropriate parameters for aligning sequences, including any algorithms required to achieve optimal alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared.
[0093] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" as used herein refers to a component in a pharmaceutical formulation, other than the active ingredient, that is non-toxic to a subject. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, buffers, excipients, stabilizers, or preservatives.
[0094] The term "treatment" as used herein refers to the alleviation and / or amelioration of the disorder and / or diseases or symptoms associated with it, as well as the prevention of worsening of the disorder's symptoms. Desired therapeutic effects include, but are not limited to, prevention of disease occurrence or recurrence, remission of symptoms, reduction of any direct or indirect pathological outcome of the disease, prevention of metastasis, slowing of the rate of progression of the disease, amelioration or alleviation of symptoms, and alleviation or amelioration of prognosis. It should be understood, however, that the treatment of a disease or symptom does not require the complete elimination of the diseases or the symptoms associated with it.
[0095] The term "effective amount" as used herein refers to the amount that is effective in the necessary dosage and time period to achieve the desired therapeutic or prophylactic effect.
[0096] Examples are provided below to aid in understanding the present disclosure. It should be understood, however, that these Examples are intended to illustrate the present disclosure only, and do not constitute any limitation. The actual scope of protection of the present disclosure is set forth in the claims. It should be understood that any modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure.
[0097] Example 1 Construction of expression plasmid
[0098] The bispecific antibodies of this example are against the TL1A target and the TNF-α target. Among them, the anti-TL1A monoclonal antibody was the VDJ013 intact molecule or VDJ013-PLT344 intact molecule, and the anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody was the VDJ013-18 intact molecule, and the anti-TL1A× TNF-α bispecific antibody was formed by connecting the VDJ013 or the VDJ013-PLT344 intact molecule or their scFv with the VDJ013-18 intact molecule or its scFv by a linker. The heavy chain gene and light chain gene of the bispecific antibody were cloned into pCDNA3.4 vector, respectively, to construct the heavy chain recombinant plasmid and light chain recombinant plasmid of the bispecific antibody, respectively, and the expression of the bispecific antibody was achieved by double-plasmid co-transfection of the host cells, as shown in Table 3.
[0099] Table 3
[0100] Example 2 Transient expression of bispecific antibodies
[0101] Expi-CHO-Scells with a density of 2×106 cells / ml were placed in an erlenmeyer flask, and cultured at 100 rpm, 37℃ and 5%CO2 for 20-25 h, and when the cell density reached about 5×106 cells / ml, and the cells were in the logarithmic growth phase with a viability of more than 95%, they were used for transfection experiments. The recombinant plasmid obtained in Example 1 was added to Trans Buffer A (Medium Bank) and gently mixed, and polyetherimide (PEI) was added to Trans Buffer A and gently mixed. The diluted PEI solution was added to the corresponding diluted plasmid, for mixing gently and incubating at room temperature for 5 min. The mixed solution was charged into an erlenmeyer flask containing Expi-CHO-Scells and cultured in a shaker at 100 rpm, 37℃, and 5%CO2. 24 h after transfection, the transfected cells were cultured in a shaker at 100 rpm, 32℃, and 5%CO2. 10-14 d after transfection, the cell cultures were collected by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 15 min.
[0102] Example 3 Purification and identification of bispecific antibodies
[0103] Four bispecific antibodies and control monoclonal antibodies were subjected to purification and purity identification. The cell culture supernatant obtained in Example 1 was first subjected to affinity chromatography using a HiTrap MabSelect Sure prepacked column. The column was rinsed with pure water and equilibrated with PB buffer, then the supernatant was loaded onto the chromatography column for binding. After loading, the column was rinsed with PB buffer to the baseline, and the protein was eluted with 0.1 M citrate eluent. After neutralizing with 1 M Tris-HCl, the eluted protein was concentrated appropriately and loaded onto the Superdex200 well equilibrated with PBS for further purification. The collected bispecific antibodies were concentrated to a certain concentration and then identified by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The expression level and SEC-HPLC identification results are shown in Table 4.
[0104] Table 4. Expression level and SEC-HPLC purity identification of antibody
[0105] Example 4 Biological activity assay of bispecific antibodies for TL1A target
[0106] The engineering was performed using pNFκB-TA-luc-CP (Beyotime) and pGL4.48 (Promega) as templates, and the plasmid containing NF-KB Luc2p Hygromycin gene was constructed by replacing the SBE gene of pGL4.48 with the NF-KB gene of pNFκB-TA-luc-CP.
[0107] The Human TL1A gene (encoding amino acids Leu72-Leu251, Uniprot: O95150-1) was cloned into pCDNA3.4 vector, to construct human TL1A plasmid with a his tag, and a human TL1A stimulating factor (hTL1A) was obtained via transiently expression of the plasmid in HEK293 cells and purification by a nickel column.
[0108] The plasmid containing the NF-κB Luc2p Hygromycin gene was transferred into TF-1 cells to construct a TF-1-NF-κB luciferase reporter gene assay cell strain. TF-1-NF-κB-luciferase reporter gene cells were plated at 60,000 cells per well and then cultured overnight under starved condition. On the following day, 1.0 μg / mL of human TL1A stimulating factor working solution was formulated and the antibody samples were diluted with it. Antibodies with different concentration gradients were added to the positive wells containing plated cells and incubated at 37 ℃ for 4 hours. Finally, 100 μL of One-Lite reagent (Vazyme) was added to each well and incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes before reading the chemiluminescence values with a TECAN multifunctional microplate reader. And the data were plotted using Prism 5 (GraphPad) software to calculate the IC50 value, and the results are shown in Table 5.
[0109] The results in Table 5 indicate that the bispecific antibodies VDJ013-13 to VDJ013-16 have comparable biological activity for TL1A target compared to the monoclonal antibodies VDJ013 and VDJ013-PLT344
[0110] Table 5. Biological activity assay of dual antibodies for TL1A target
[0111] Example 5 Biological activity assay of bispecific antibodies for TNF-α target
[0112] The density of L929 cells was adjusted to 1×106 cells / ml and added to the plate at 50μl / well. 1.25ng / ml working solution of hTNF-α stimulating factor (Acrobiosystems, C25CP1-22A5W1-172) was formulated and added to the positive control wells and sample wells at 40 μL / well. The antibody samples were diluted, and the antibodies of different concentration gradients were added to the positive wells containing the plated cells at 10μL / well. After being incubated in a 37℃ incubator for 20 hours, 20μl of MTS reagent (Promega) was added to each well, followed by shaking and mixing well on a shaker. The mixture was then incubated in a cell incubator for 0.5 hours. After the incubation, the mixture was shaken and mixed again. The absorbance values were read using a microplate reader at a wavelength of 490nm, and the data were plotted using Prism 5 (GraphPad) software to calculate the IC50 value. The results are shown in Table 6.
[0113] The results in Table 6 indicate that the biological activity of bispecific antibodies VDJ013-13 to VDJ013-16 for TNF-α target is comparable to that of monoclonal antibody VDJ013-18.
[0114] Table 6. Biological activity assay of bispecific antibodies of TNF-α target
[0115] Example 6 Relative binding activity assay of bispecific antibodies for TL1A target
[0116] ELISA method was used to detect the binding ability of bispecific antibodies to hTL1A. The hTL1A (same as Example 4) was diluted to 3 μg / ml, and at 100 μL / well, coated onto the wells at 4℃ overnight. On the following day, the plates were washed and blocked with 5%skimmed milk for 2 h, Then the plates were washed, added with the antibody samples with different concentration gradients and incubated at 37℃ for 1 h. The plates were washed, 100 μL of HRP-labeled goat anti-human IgG secondary antibody (Solarbio, K0031G-HRP) was added to each plate, and the plates were incubated at 37℃ for 30 min. TMB substrate solution was then added for color development at 37℃ for 5 minutes, and finally 50 μL of H2SO4 was added to stop the reaction. The OD450 values were subsequently read using a TECAN multifunctional microplate reader, the data were plotted using Prism 5 (GraphPad) software, and the results are shown in Table 7.
[0117] The results in Table 7 indicate that the bispecific antibodies VDJ013-13 to VDJ013-16 all have higher binding activity to the TL1A target.
[0118] Table 7. Relative binding activity assay of dual antibodies for TL1A target
[0119] Example 7 Relative binding activity assay of bispecific antibodies for TNF-α target
[0120] ELISA method was used to detect the binding ability of bispecific antibodies to TNF-α. The hTNFα (same as Example 5) was diluted to 3 μg / ml, and at 100 μL / well, coated onto the wells at 4℃ overnight. On the following day, the plates were washed and blocked with 5%skimmed milk for 2h. Then the plate was washed, added with the antibody samples with different concentration gradients and incubated at 37℃ for 1h. The plates were washed, 100 μL of HRP-labeled goat anti-human IgG secondary antibody (Solarbio, K0031G-HRP) was added to each plate, and the plates were incubated at 37℃ for 30 min. TMB substrate solution was then added for color development at 37℃ for 5 minutes, and finally 50 μL of H2SO4 was added to stop the reaction. The OD450 values were subsequently read using a TECAN multifunctional microplate reader, the data were plotted using Prism 5 (GraphPad) software, and the results are shown in Table 8.
[0121] The results in Table 8 indicate that the bispecific antibodies VDJ013-13 to VDJ013-16 all have higher binding activity to the TNF-α target.
[0122] Table 8. Relative binding activity assay of dual antibodies for TNF-α target
[0123] Example 8 Affinity assay of bispecific antibodies for TL1A target
[0124] The affinity of four bispecific antibodies respectively for hTL1A proteins was assayed by Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI) . Antibodies were all diluted to 5 μg / mL, and hTL1A (same as Example 4) was serially diluted from 50 nM to 3.125 nM by doubling dilution. The antibodies were loaded onto an hFc probe (Gator) at a speed of 400 rpm, and then diluted different gradients of hTL1A were bound to the antibody-attached hFc probe. The probes with antigen-antibody complexes bound were placed into analyte-free Q buffer (10 nM PBS (pH 7.4) + 0.02%Tween + 0.2%BSA) to dissociate the bound antigen-antibody complexes. The hFc probe was immersed in Regeneration buffer (10 nM glycine, pH 1.7) to remove any residual bound analyte, and then the probe was regenerated and stored. The affinity data were obtained by integrating the fitted lines for each concentration using the analysis software provided with the Gator system, and the results are shown in Table 9.
[0125] The results in Table 9 indicate that the bispecific antibodies VDJ013-13 to VDJ013-16 all have higher affinity for hTL1A.
[0126] Table 9 Affinity assay of antibodies for hTL1A
[0127] Example 9 Affinity assay of bispecific antibodies for TNF-α target
[0128] The affinity of four bispecific antibodies respectively for hTNF-α (same as Example 5) was assayed by Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI) . Antibodies were all diluted to 15 μg / mL, and TNF-αproteins were serially diluted from 6.25 nM to 0.391 nM by doubling dilution. The antibodies were loaded onto an hFc probe at a speed of 400 rpm, and then diluted different gradients of TNF-α were bound to the antibody-attached hFc probe (Gator) . The probes with antigen-antibody complexes bound were placed into analyte-free Q buffer (10 nM PBS (pH 7.4) + 0.02%Tween + 0.2%BSA) to dissociate the bound antigen-antibody complex. The probe was immersed in Regeneration buffer (10 nM glycine, pH 1.7) to remove any residual bound analyte, and then the hFc probe was regenerated and stored. The affinity data were obtained by integrating the fitted lines for each concentration using the analysis software provided with the Gator system, and the results are shown in Table 10.
[0129] The results in Table 10 indicate that the bispecific antibodies VDJ013-13 to VDJ013-16 all have a higher affinity for TNF-α.
[0130] Table 10 Affinity assay of antibodies for TNF-α
[0131] The sequences involved in the present examples are as follows:
[0132] The technical solutions of the present disclosure are not limited to the limitations of the above specific examples, and all technical deformations made according to the technical solutions of the present disclosure shall fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A bispecific antibody, comprising: a first domain that specifically binds TNF-like ligand 1a (TL1A) , and a second domain that specifically binds tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) .2.The bispecific antibody according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first domain is an antibody or a functional fragment thereof that specifically binds TL1A; and / orthe second domain is an antibody or a functional fragment thereof that specifically binds TNF-α.3.The bispecific antibody according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the first domain comprises a Fab fragment, a Fab' fragment, a F (ab') 2 fragment, a Fv fragment, a scFv fragment, a nanobody, a heavy chain variable region (VH) fragment and / or a light chain variable region (VL) fragment of an antibody that specifically binds TL1A; and / orthe second domain comprises a Fab fragment, a Fab' fragment, a F (ab') 2 fragment, a Fv fragment, a scFv fragment, a nanobody, a heavy chain variable region (VH) fragment and / or a light chain variable region (VL) fragment of an antibody that specifically binds TNF-α.4.The bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, the first domain and the second domain are connected either directly or via a linker.preferably, the linker has an amino acid sequence as shown in a general formula (GnS) m, wherein n and m are integers from 1 to 10, respectively; more preferably, n is an integer from 1 to 4, and m is an integer from 1 to 3; or an amino acid sequence having an insertion, substitution or deletion of 1, 2 or 3 amino acids as compared to the amino acid sequence shown in the general formula (GnS) m.5.The bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, the first domain comprises: (1) the following three heavy chain variable region complementary determining regions (HCDRs) :HCDR1, having an amino acid sequence of HCDR1 contained in a heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of HCDR1 contained in the heavy chain variable region;HCDR2, having an amino acid sequence of HCDR2 contained in a heavy chain variable region as shown in any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of HCDR2 contained in the heavy chain variable region;HCDR3, having an amino acid sequence of HCDR3 contained in a heavy chain variable region as shown in any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of HCDR3 contained in the heavy chain variable region; and / or(2) the following three light chain variable region complementary determining regions (LCDRs) :LCDR1, having an amino acid sequence of LCDR1 contained in a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of LCDR1 contained in the light chain variable region;LCDR2, having an amino acid sequence of LCDR2 contained in a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of LCDR2 contained in the light chain variable region;LCDR3, having an amino acid sequence of LCDR3 contained in a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of LCDR3 contained in the light chain variable region;preferably, the first domain comprises:HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3 contained in the heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 contained in the light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2; or HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3 contained in the heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, and LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3 contained in the light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4;preferably, the HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or the LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined by IMGT numbering system, Kabat numbering system, Chothia numbering system, Contact numbering system or a combination thereof.6.The bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, the first domain comprises:(1) the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-HCDR 3 and / or LCDR1-LCDR 3 are defined by IMGT numbering system:(a) a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, LCDR2 with a sequence of YAT, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11; or(b) a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28, LCDR2 with a sequence of DAS, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; or(2) the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined by Kabat numbering system:(a) a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11; or(b) a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; or(3) the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined by Chothia numbering system:(a) a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11; or(b) a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29; or(4) the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined by Contact numbering system:(a) a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28; or(b) a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24.7.The bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, the first domain comprises:a heavy chain variable region, having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared thereto, or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%sequence identity thereto; anda light chain variable region, having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4, an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared thereto, or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%sequence identity thereto;preferably, the first domain comprises a heavy chain variable region having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a light chain variable region having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2;preferably, the first domain comprises a heavy chain variable region having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 and a light chain variable region having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4.8.The bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, the second domain comprises: the following three heavy chain variable region complementary determining regions (HCDRs) :HCDR1, having an amino acid sequence of HCDR1 contained in a heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of HCDR1 contained in the heavy chain variable region;HCDR2, having an amino acid sequence of HCDR2 contained in a heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of HCDR2 contained in the heavy chain variable region;HCDR3, having an amino acid sequence of HCDR3 contained in a heavy chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of HCDR3 contained in the heavy chain variable region; and / orthe following three light chain variable region complementary determining regions (LCDRs) :LCDR1, having an amino acid sequence of LCDR1 contained in a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of LCDR1 contained in the light chain variable region;LCDR2, having an amino acid sequence of LCDR2 contained in a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of LCDR2 contained in the light chain variable region;LCDR3, having an amino acid sequence of LCDR3 contained in a light chain variable region as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, or an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared to the amino acid sequence of LCDR3 contained in the light chain variable region;preferably, the HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or the LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined by IMGT numbering system, Kabat numbering system, Chothia numbering system, Contact numbering system or a combination thereof.9.The bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, the second domain comprises:(1) the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-3 and / or LCDR1-3 are defined by IMGT numbering system:a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 45; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46, LCDR2 with a sequence of DAS, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; or(2) the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined by Kabat numbering system:a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; or(3) the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined by Chothia numbering system:a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; or(4) the following heavy chain variable regions and / or light chain variable regions, wherein HCDR1-HCDR3 and / or LCDR1-LCDR3 are defined by Contact numbering system:a heavy chain variable region containing the following three HCDRs: HCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55, HCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56, and HCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57; and / or, a light chain variable region containing the following three LCDRs: LCDR1 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58, LCDR2 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59, and LCDR3 with a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60.10.The bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, the second domain comprises:a heavy chain variable region, having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared thereto, or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%sequence identity thereto; anda light chain variable region, having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, an amino acid sequence having a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more amino acids compared thereto, or an amino acid sequence having at least 80%sequence identity thereto.11.An isolated nucleic acid molecule, encoding a bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 10.12.An expression vector, comprising the isolated nucleic acid molecule according to claim 11.13.A host cell, comprising an isolated nucleic acid molecule according to claim 11 or an expression vector according to claim 12.14.A chimeric antigen receptor, comprising an extracellular antigen-binding fragment, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular signaling domain, wherein the extracellular antigen-binding fragment comprises a bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 10.15.A conjugate, comprising a bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 10; and a conjugated moiety;preferably, the conjugated moiety is selected from the group consisting of a detectable label, a radioisotope, a fluorescent substance, a luminescent substance, a colored substance, an enzyme, a polyethylene glycol (PEG) , a nuclide, a nucleic acid, a small-molecule toxin, a peptide with binding activity, a protein, a receptor, a ligand, and other active substances that inhibit growth of tumor cells, and promote apoptosis or necrosis of tumor cells.16.A pharmaceutical composition comprising a bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 10, an isolated nucleic acid molecule according to claim 11, or an expression vector according to claim 12, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier;preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is selected from the group consisting of a form of a tablet, a pulvis, a granule, a pill, an injection, a suspension, a powder, an emulsion, an aerosol, a gel, an eye drop, a sustained-release agent, or a sustained-release implant.17.A pharmaceutical cartridge comprising a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is encapsulated in a container,preferably, the container is selected from the group consisting of a glass ampoule, a glass vial, a plastic ampoule, a plastic vial, a plastic bag, or a prefilled syringe.18.A kit comprising the bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 10, and optionally, an instruction for use.19.Use of a bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 10, an isolated nucleic acid molecule according to claim 11, an expression vector according to claim 12, a chimeric antigen receptor according to claim 14, a conjugate according to claim 15, or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16, in the preparation of a medicament for preventing or treating TL1A and / or TNF-α related diseases.20.A method of treating or preventing TL1A and / or TNF-α related diseases, comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 10, an isolated nucleic acid molecule according to claim 11, an expression vector according to claim 12, a chimeric antigen receptor according to claim 14, a conjugate according to claim 15, or a pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16.21.The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, the disease comprises one or more of an inflammatory disease, an immune system disease, and a cancer-related disease, preferably, the diseases include one or more of inflammatory bowel disease, allergy / asthma, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) , osteoarthritis, psoriasis arthropica, ankylosing spondylitis, spondyloarthropathy, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) , ulcerative colitis (UC) , Crohn's disease (CD) , Lyme arthritis, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) , meningoencephalitis, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, pancreatitis, graft-versus-host disease, arteritis, cardiovascular inflammation, neuromyelitis optica, Castleman's disease, systemic juvenile giant cell arteritis, giant cell arteritis, atherosclerosis, eosinophilic esophagitis, atopic dermatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, vasculitis, autoimmune thyroiditis, eczema, scleroderma, infection-associated endotoxic shock, aortitis graft rejection, cardiac disease, bone resorption, Paget's disease, osteoporosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, atherosclerosis, septicemia, periodontitis, hypochlorhydia, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) , systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) , cutaneous lupus erythematosus, immune-related adverse events (irAE) , thyroid eye disease (TED) , chronic kidney disease (CKD) , Sjogren syndrome, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease, polymyalgia rheumatica, myocardial infarction, uveitis, encephalomyelitis, myasthenia gravis, familial Mediterranean fever, Schnitzler's syndrome, transplant rejection, graft-versus-host disease, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, kidney transplantation, heart transplantation, bladder syndrome / interstitial cystitis, urinary tract dysfunction, systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) , novel coronavirus pneumonia-associated cytokine storm (CRS) , severe or life-threatening cytokine storm induced by CAR-T cells (CRS) , acute myelogenous leukemia, Behcet syndrome, esophageal adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, lung cancer, renal cancer, intestinal cancer, cervical cancer, glioma, metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, uroepithelial cell carcinoma, head and neck tumors, cancers of the nervous system, B-cell malignancies and aging, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, uroepithelial carcinoma, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer, solid tumors (renal cell carcinoma) , hematopoietic and lymphocytic tumors, malignant solid tumors, adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas, melanoma, recurrent glioblastoma, leukemias and lymphomas, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, diabetes mellitus, osteodystrophia fibrosa, obesity, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytic hyperplasia, idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, alopecia areata, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, gastrointestinal disorders associated with cystic fibrosis, irritable bowel syndrome, pelvic inflammatory disorders, Alzheimer's disease, Castleman's disease, dermatomyositis, Peyronie's disease, celiac disease, gallbladder disorders, pilonidal disease, peritonitis, surgical adhesions, surgical trauma, stroke, eczematous dermatitis, psoriasis, and Sjogren's syndrome.