Signal transmission method and apparatus, terminal, and network side device

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of communications, and discloses a signal transmission method and apparatus, a terminal, and a network side device. The signal transmission method of an embodiment of the present application comprises: a first device, on the basis of first information, determining a number of first signals and / or positions of the first signals in a first transmission, and the first device executing transmission of the first signals on the basis of the number and / or positions of the first signals. The first information comprises at least one of the following: whether there is frequency hopping in the first transmission; whether there is a time interval in the first transmission; a repeated transmission mode of a second signal; a type of the second signal; a transmission length of the second signal; a data transmission rate of the second signal; a data size of the second signal; a number of repetitions of the second signal; resources available for A-IoT transmission; a type of a responding device; a type of a read / write device; and a first indication. The first signal comprises at least one of a preamble, a midamble and a postamble, and the second signal comprises at least one of a PDRCH and a PRDCH.

Description

Signal transmission methods, devices, terminals and network-side equipment

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411585094.3, filed in China on November 7, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to a signal transmission method, apparatus, terminal, and network-side equipment. Background Technology

[0004] In Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) technologies, one or more of the following are used in Device-to-Reader (D2R) or Reader-to-Device (R2D) transmissions for reasons such as timing, estimation of Sample Frequency Offset (SFO) and Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO), time synchronization, channel estimation, and interference estimation: preamble, midamble, and postamble. However, the number and / or transmission location of the preamble, postamble, and midamble used in D2R or R2D transmissions are currently unclear, impacting the transmission performance of D2R or R2D transmissions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a signal transmission method, apparatus, terminal, and network-side device that can solve the problem that the unclear number and / or transmission location of preamble, postamble, and midamble used in D2R or R2D transmission affects the transmission performance of D2R or R2D transmission.

[0006] In a first aspect, a signal transmission method is provided, performed by a first device, the method comprising:

[0007] The first device determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on the first information. The first transmission includes D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission. The first device is a response device or a read / write device.

[0008] The first device performs the transmission of the first signal based on the number of the first signals and / or the location of the first signals;

[0009] The first information includes at least one of the following:

[0010] Does frequency hopping occur during the first transmission?

[0011] Does a time interval exist in the first transmission?

[0012] The second signal is transmitted repeatedly.

[0013] The type of the second signal;

[0014] The transmission length of the second signal;

[0015] The data transmission rate of the second signal;

[0016] The data size of the second signal;

[0017] The number of repetitions of the second signal;

[0018] Resources that can be used for A-IoT transmission;

[0019] The type of the response device;

[0020] The type of the read / write device;

[0021] A first indication, wherein the first indication is used to indicate the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission;

[0022] The first signal includes at least one of preamble, midamble, and postamble;

[0023] The second signal includes at least one of PDRCH and PRDCH.

[0024] Secondly, a signal transmission device is provided for use in a first device, the device comprising:

[0025] A determining module is configured to determine the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on first information, wherein the first transmission includes D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission, and the first device is a response device or a read / write device.

[0026] A transmission module is configured to transmit the first signal based on the number of the first signal and / or the position of the first signal;

[0027] The first information includes at least one of the following:

[0028] Does frequency hopping occur during the first transmission?

[0029] Does a time interval exist in the first transmission?

[0030] The second signal is transmitted repeatedly.

[0031] The type of the second signal;

[0032] The transmission length of the second signal;

[0033] The data transmission rate of the second signal;

[0034] The data size of the second signal;

[0035] The number of repetitions of the second signal;

[0036] Resources that can be used for A-IoT transmission;

[0037] The type of the response device;

[0038] The type of the read / write device;

[0039] A first indication, wherein the first indication is used to indicate the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission;

[0040] The first signal includes at least one of preamble, midamble, and postamble;

[0041] The second signal includes at least one of PDRCH and PRDCH.

[0042] Thirdly, a signal transmission device is provided, the device being configured to perform the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0043] Fourthly, a terminal is provided, the terminal including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method as described in the first aspect.

[0044] Fifthly, a terminal is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is used to determine the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in a first transmission based on first information, the first transmission including D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission, and the terminal is a response device or a read / write device;

[0045] The communication interface is used to transmit the first signal according to the number of the first signal and / or the position of the first signal;

[0046] The first information includes at least one of the following:

[0047] Does frequency hopping occur during the first transmission?

[0048] Does a time interval exist in the first transmission?

[0049] The second signal is transmitted repeatedly.

[0050] The type of the second signal;

[0051] The transmission length of the second signal;

[0052] The data transmission rate of the second signal;

[0053] The data size of the second signal;

[0054] The number of repetitions of the second signal;

[0055] Resources that can be used for A-IoT transmission;

[0056] The type of the response device;

[0057] The type of the read / write device;

[0058] A first indication, wherein the first indication is used to indicate the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission;

[0059] The first signal includes at least one of preamble, midamble, and postamble;

[0060] The second signal includes at least one of PDRCH and PRDCH.

[0061] In a sixth aspect, a network-side device is provided, the network-side device including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method as described in the first aspect.

[0062] In a seventh aspect, a network-side device is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is configured to determine the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in a first transmission based on first information, the first transmission including D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission, and the network-side device is a response device or a read / write device.

[0063] The communication interface is used to transmit the first signal according to the number of the first signal and / or the position of the first signal;

[0064] The first information includes at least one of the following:

[0065] Does frequency hopping occur during the first transmission?

[0066] Does a time interval exist in the first transmission?

[0067] The second signal is transmitted repeatedly.

[0068] The type of the second signal;

[0069] The transmission length of the second signal;

[0070] The data transmission rate of the second signal;

[0071] The data size of the second signal;

[0072] The number of repetitions of the second signal;

[0073] Resources that can be used for A-IoT transmission;

[0074] The type of the response device;

[0075] The type of the read / write device;

[0076] A first indication, wherein the first indication is used to indicate the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission;

[0077] The first signal includes at least one of preamble, midamble, and postamble;

[0078] The second signal includes at least one of PDRCH and PRDCH.

[0079] In an eighth aspect, a readable storage medium is provided, on which a program or instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0080] A ninth aspect provides a wireless communication system, comprising: a terminal and a network-side device, wherein the terminal is configured to perform the steps of the method described in the first aspect, and the network-side device is configured to perform the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0081] In a tenth aspect, a chip is provided, the chip including a processor and a communication interface coupled to the processor, the processor being used to run programs or instructions to implement the method as described in the first aspect.

[0082] Eleventh aspect, a computer program / program product is provided, the computer program / program product being stored in a storage medium, the computer program / program product being executed by at least one processor to implement the method as described in the first aspect.

[0083] In this embodiment, the first device can determine the number and / or position of the first signal in the first transmission based on the first information, and then the first device performs the transmission of the first signal based on the number and / or position of the first signal. The first transmission includes D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission, and the first signal includes at least one of preamble, midamble, and postamble. This clarifies the method for determining the number and / or transmission position of preamble, postamble, and midamble in D2R or R2D transmission, which helps improve the transmission performance of D2R or R2D transmission and also helps control overhead in AIoT communication. Attached Figure Description

[0084] Figure 1a is a block diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to an embodiment of this application;

[0085] Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of one of the AIoT communication scenarios that can be applied to the embodiments of this application;

[0086] Figure 1c is a second schematic diagram of an AIoT communication scenario that can be applied to the embodiments of this application;

[0087] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0088] Figure 3 is a structural diagram of a signal transmission device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0089] Figure 4 is a structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0090] Figure 5 is a structural diagram of a terminal provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0091] Figure 6 is a structural diagram of the network-side device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0092] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0093] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same class, not limited in number; for example, the first object can be one or more. Furthermore, "or" in this application indicates at least one of the connected objects. For example, the scope of protection for "A or B" covers at least three scenarios: Scenario 1: including A but not B; Scenario 2: including B but not A; Scenario 3: including both A and B. In addition, the terms "A and / or B," "at least one of A and B," and "at least one of A or B" also cover at least the above three scenarios. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0094] The term "instruction" in this application can be either a direct instruction (or explicit instruction) or an indirect instruction (or implicit instruction). A direct instruction can be understood as one in which the sender explicitly informs the receiver of specific information, the operation to be performed, or the requested result, etc., in the instruction sent. An indirect instruction can be understood as one in which the receiver determines the corresponding information based on the instruction sent by the sender, or makes a judgment and determines the operation to be performed or the requested result, etc., based on the judgment result.

[0095] It is worth noting that the technologies described in this application are not limited to Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, but can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in this application are often used interchangeably, and the described technologies can be used with the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, as well as with other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes New Radio (NR) systems for illustrative purposes, and the term NR is used in most of the following description; however, these technologies can also be applied to systems other than NR systems, such as 6th generation (6G) radio systems. th Generation 6G communication system.

[0096] Figure 1a shows a block diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to an embodiment of this application. The wireless communication system includes a terminal 11 and a network-side device 12. The terminal 11 can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, notebook computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld computer, netbook, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), mobile internet device (MID), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) device, robot, wearable device, flight vehicle, vehicle user equipment (VUE), shipboard equipment, pedestrian user equipment (PUE), smart home (home devices with wireless communication capabilities, such as refrigerators, televisions, washing machines, or furniture), game console, personal computer (PC), ATM, or self-service machine, etc., and can also be a response device or reader in AIoT communication. Wearable devices include: smartwatches, smart bracelets, smart earphones, smart glasses, smart jewelry (smart bracelets, smart chains, smart rings, smart necklaces, smart anklets, smart anklets, etc.), smart wristbands, smart clothing, etc. Among these, in-vehicle devices can also be referred to as in-vehicle terminals, in-vehicle controllers, in-vehicle modules, in-vehicle components, in-vehicle chips, or in-vehicle units, etc. It should be noted that the specific type of terminal 11 is not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0097] Network-side equipment 12 may include access network equipment or core network equipment. Access network equipment may also be referred to as Radio Access Network (RAN) equipment, radio access network function, or radio access network unit. Access network equipment may include base stations, wireless local area network (WLAN) access points (APs), or wireless Fidelity (WiFi) nodes, etc. The term "base station" can be referred to as Node B (NB), Evolved Node B (eNB), Next Generation Node B (gNB), New Radio Node B (NR Node B), Access Point, Relay Base Station (RBS), Serving Base Station (SBS), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Radio Base Station, Radio Transceiver, Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), Home Node B (HNB), Home Evolved Node B, Transmit / Receive Point (TRP), or any other suitable term in the relevant field, as long as the same technical effect is achieved. The term "base station" is not limited to any specific technical terminology. It should be noted that this application embodiment only uses a base station in an NR system as an example for description and does not limit the specific type of base station.

[0098] Core network equipment, also known as core network nodes, core network functions, or core network elements, includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: Mobility Management Entity (MME), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), User Plane Function (UPF), Policy Control Function (PCF), Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), Edge Application Server Discovery Function (EASDF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Unified Data Repository (UDR), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Centralized network configuration (CNC), Network Repository Function (NRF), Network Exposure Function (NEF), Local NEF (or L-NEF), and Binding Support. The core network functions include: BSF (Block Network Function), Application Function (AF), Location Management Function (LMF), Gateway Mobile Location Centre (GMLC), and Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF). It should be noted that this application embodiment only uses core network equipment in the NR system as an example and does not limit the specific type of core network equipment. If the name of the core network equipment mentioned in this application embodiment changes in subsequent protocol versions (e.g., 6G), it will still be within the scope of protection of this application.

[0099] Optionally, the core network equipment can be implemented by one or more functional modules in a single device, or by multiple devices working together; this application does not specifically limit this. It is understood that the aforementioned functional modules can be network elements in hardware devices, software functional modules running on dedicated hardware, or virtualized functional modules instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform).

[0100] The IoT devices involved in this application embodiment can be Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices, A-IoT terminals, Passive-IoT devices, Ambient Power (AMP) devices, zero-power devices, zero-power terminals, response devices, low-power IoT devices, IoT devices, tags, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, etc. For example, the device communicating with the IoT device can be called a read / write device. For instance, the read / write device can be terminal 11 or a module of terminal 11. As another example, the read / write device can be network-side device 12 or a module of network-side device 12.

[0101] Optionally, the device communicating with the IoT device includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0102] Reading and writing devices, readers, terminals, relay devices, auxiliary nodes, repeaters, access network equipment (such as base stations or TRPs), core network equipment, and devices that provide carrier waves or continuous waves.

[0103] In this application, a carrier wave or continuous wave is used to provide power to the IoT device, or the carrier wave or continuous wave is used for the IoT device to perform backscattering. For better understanding, the relevant concepts and technologies that may be involved in the embodiments of this application are explained below.

[0104] In related technologies, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project Release 19 (3GPP R19) AIoT research characterizes AIoT devices based on their energy storage capacity and ability to generate and transmit radio frequency signals. AIoT devices include the following types:

[0105] 1) Device A: No energy storage, no independent signal generation / amplification, i.e., backscatter transmission; power consumption is around 1uW.

[0106] 2) Device B: It has energy storage but no independent signal generation, i.e., backscatter transmission. The use of stored energy can include amplification of the reflected signal; power consumption is greater than 1uW but less than several hundreduW.

[0107] 3) Device C: It has energy storage and independent signal generation, i.e., an active radio frequency component for transmission; power consumption is greater than 1uW but less than several hundreduW.

[0108] Devices with different energy storage capacities also affect their transmission quality. Generally, devices with higher energy storage capacity also mean higher receiving sensitivity or higher transmitting power, and the reliability of the receiving or transmitting link can be better guaranteed.

[0109] Main data / service types of AIoT:

[0110] Device-originated (DO);

[0111] Device-terminated (DT) data received by the device;

[0112] DO and DT data indicate that the data stream originates from or is transmitted to an A-IoT device (similar to a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag). DO data, which originates from an A-IoT device, can be further categorized as follows:

[0113] DO-A: DO autonomous, meaning that AIoT devices autonomously initiate data transmission;

[0114] For example, connecting a large number of various sensors that collect and proactively report information about the environment, equipment, and organisms when necessary.

[0115] DO-DTT, or DO device-terminated triggered, means that base station or other reader / writer devices trigger AIoT devices to initiate data transmission.

[0116] For example, in asset identification, status reporting, and tracking, the reader collects data from the tag by triggering an inventory procedure. Since the data is generated / initiated within the IoT device, this service should be considered as a DO service initiated by the tag and controlled by a control command on the reader side.

[0117] Some terms related to A-IoT:

[0118] A-IoT R2D: Reader-to-Device;

[0119] A-IoT D2R: Device-to-Reader;

[0120] R2D transmission: R2D transmission;

[0121] D2R transmission: D2R transmission;

[0122] PRDCH (Physical R2D Channel): The channel from the physical read / write device to the acknowledgment device, which is also the channel carrying R2D transmission.

[0123] PDRCH (Physical D2R Channel): The channel from the physical response device to the read / write device, which is also the channel carrying D2R transmission.

[0124] A-IoT topology types:

[0125] A-IoT can have multiple topology types; two of them are introduced below.

[0126] Topology 1:

[0127] As shown in Figure 1b, the A-IoT base station (BS) and A-IoT devices communicate directly to transmit A-IoT data and signaling. The base station transmitting the A-IoT R2D signal and the base station receiving the A-IoT D2R signal can be the same or different.

[0128] Topology 2:

[0129] As shown in Figure 1c, the AIoT BS communicates with A-IoT devices through intermediate nodes. These intermediate nodes can be UEs, repeaters, relays, integrated access and backhaul nodes (IAB nodes), etc.

[0130] The BS can control intermediate nodes through air interface signaling or other interfaces. For example, the BS can control the UE through the air interface of NR Uu.

[0131] In this embodiment, the communication method of the responding device can be signal transmission via backscattered RF signals, or some active tags can have the ability to actively generate signals. Because the energy of the responding device can come from the environment, such as ambient RF energy, thermal energy, wind energy, kinetic energy, etc., it can also be called an Ambient IoT device. Therefore, it can also be regarded as a terminal, or a terminal device. In one possible implementation, the responding device can be a tag, and can be active, passive, or semi-active.

[0132] A read / write device is a handheld or fixed device that reads (and sometimes writes) information from Ambient IoT devices. It can also be understood as a device that communicates with tags; for example, it can be a terminal, a base station, or a device with read / write capabilities, such as a reader / writer. The specific type is not limited here. This read / write device can send carrier excitation signals and control commands.

[0133] The transmission from a device to a reader can be simplified as a D2R transmission. This transmission typically includes a timing acquisition signal, such as a D2R preamble. It also typically includes at least one PDRCH to carry data and / or control information. The transmission may also include a postamble or midamble. Preamble, midamble, and postamble are specific sequences, which can be the same or different sequences. A preamble may include one or more sub-parts, where the first sub-part has a different pattern from the other parts; for example, the first sub-part might be a series of '01's, and the second sub-part might be a sequence with good correlation characteristics, such as a Golay sequence.

[0134] The D2R transmission can employ On-Off Keying (OOK) and / or Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation. The D2R transmission can use line codes, such as FM0 coding or Miller coding; the D2R transmission can also employ forward error correction (FEC) coding.

[0135] The D2R transmission can also employ repetitive coding or repetitive transmission. Repetitive transmission can be bit-level repetition or block-level repetition.

[0136] The transmission from a reader to a device can be simplified as an R2D transmission. This transmission typically includes a timing acquisition signal, such as an R2D preamble. It also typically includes at least one PRDCH to carry data and / or control information. The transmission may also include a postamble or midamble. The R2D transmission may employ OOK modulation. It may also employ line code, such as Manchester encoding or Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE). The preamble may include one or more sub-parts, with the first sub-part having a different pattern from the others. For example, the first sub-part might be a start indicator to determine the start of the PRDCH, and the second sub-part might be a clock acquisition part to determine the chip length of the PRDCH.

[0137] The Preamble, Midamble, and Postamble transmissions described in this application embodiment include D2R (uplink) transmissions from the responding device (Device) to the reading / writing device (Reader), and also include R2D (downlink) transmissions from the reading / writing device (Reader) to the responding device (Device).

[0138] The signal transmission method, apparatus, and first device provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through some embodiments and application scenarios.

[0139] Please refer to Figure 2, which is a flowchart of a signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 2, the method includes the following steps:

[0140] Step 201: The first device determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on the first information.

[0141] Wherein, the first transmission includes D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission, the first device is a response device or a read / write device; the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0142] Does frequency hopping occur during the first transmission?

[0143] Does a time interval exist in the first transmission?

[0144] The second signal is transmitted repeatedly.

[0145] The type of the second signal;

[0146] The transmission length of the second signal;

[0147] The data transmission rate of the second signal;

[0148] The data size of the second signal;

[0149] The number of repetitions of the second signal;

[0150] Resources that can be used for A-IoT transmission;

[0151] The type of the response device;

[0152] The type of the read / write device;

[0153] A first indication, wherein the first indication is used to indicate the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission;

[0154] The first signal includes at least one of preamble, midamble, and postamble;

[0155] The second signal includes at least one of PDRCH and PRDCH.

[0156] In some embodiments, the first information includes whether frequency hopping exists in the first transmission. The first device determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on whether frequency hopping exists, that is, it determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission. For example, if frequency hopping exists in D2R or R2D transmission, the first device determines that there are multiple first signals in the D2R or R2D transmission, and can also determine the positions of multiple first signals. For instance, if frequency hopping exists in D2R or R2D transmission, the first device determines that a preamble is included before a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point. Of course, in this embodiment, the position of the first signal can also be other possible cases, which are not specifically listed here.

[0157] In some embodiments, the first information includes whether a time interval exists in the first transmission, and the first device determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on whether a time interval exists. For example, if there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions (e.g., two repeated transmissions) in a D2R or R2D transmission, the first device determines that the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions includes a preamble. Of course, in this embodiment, the number and / or position of the first signals can also be other possible cases, which are not specifically listed here.

[0158] In some embodiments, the first information includes the repetition transmission mode of the second signal. For example, the first information includes the repetition transmission mode of the PDRCH or PRDCH, and the first device determines the number and / or position of the first signal in the first transmission based on the repetition transmission mode of the PDRCH or PRDCH. For instance, if the repetition transmission mode of the PDRCH or PRDCH is a signal block-level repetition transmission, the first device determines that the number of the first signal in the first transmission is at least one. Alternatively, if the repetition transmission mode of the PDRCH or PRDCH is a repetition transmission based on available resources, the first device determines that the number of the first signal in the first transmission is at least one. Because for repetition transmission based on available resources, the intervals may be relatively long, it is necessary to repeatedly transmit one or more reference signals for estimating the time and sampling frequency errors and channel estimation for each repetition transmission. Of course, in this embodiment, the repetition transmission mode of the second signal, and the number and / or position of the first signal, can also be other possible cases, which are not specifically listed here.

[0159] In some embodiments, the first information includes the type of the second signal, and the first device determines the quantity and / or position of the first signal in the first transmission based on the type of the second signal. The type of the second signal includes command and data.

[0160] In some embodiments, the first information includes at least one of the type of the second signal, the transmission length of the second signal, the data transmission rate of the second signal, the data size of the second signal, and the number of repetitions of the second signal. The first device determines the number of the first signal and / or the position of the first signal in the first transmission based on at least one of the type of the second signal, the transmission length of the second signal, the data transmission rate of the second signal, the data size of the second signal, and the number of repetitions of the second signal.

[0161] In some embodiments, the first information includes a first indication, which may be sent by a second device (e.g., a base station) to a first device. The first indication is used to indicate the number and / or location of the first signal in the first transmission, and then the first device determines the number and / or location of the first signal in the first transmission based on the first indication.

[0162] In some embodiments, the first information includes resources available for A-IoT transmission, and the first device determines the number and / or location of the first signals in the first transmission based on the available resources. The resources available for A-IoT transmission are determined based on resources allocated by the network-side device for A-IoT transmission between the read / write device and the responding device. Optionally, the read / write device can be a base station or a UE. When the UE acts as a read / write device, in some scenarios, the resources available for A-IoT transmission between the UE and the responding device are allocated by the base station. For example, the base station semi-statically allocates a resource pool for A-IoT transmission to the UE, or dynamically allocates resources for A-IoT transmission to the UE, such as scheduling resources for one or more D2R / R2D transmissions between the UE and the device based on Downlink Control Information (DCI). The UE determines the number and / or location of the first signals to be transmitted based on the amount of resources available for A-IoT transmission. For example, if the base station allocates Xms of time resources to the UE for one D2R transmission, and if Xms is insufficient to carry a PDRCH and multiple preambles, the UE sends a PDRCH and one preamble. According to one implementation, the base station allocates resources for the UE that can be used for A-IoT transmission, including information indicating the number and / or location of a first signal for A-IoT transmission. Accordingly, when the acknowledgment device receives or transmits R2D or D2R, it can determine the number and / or location of the first signal according to the instructions of the reader.

[0163] Understandably, the first piece of information could also be other possible scenarios, which will not be listed here.

[0164] Step 202: The first device performs the transmission of the first signal according to the number of the first signal and / or the position of the first signal.

[0165] For example, if the first device determines, based on the first information, that there are multiple first signals in the first transmission, then the first device performs the transmission of multiple first signals. Alternatively, if the first device determines, based on the first information, that there are multiple first signals in the first transmission and the transmission positions of these multiple first signals, then the first device performs the transmission of the multiple first signals according to the transmission positions of the multiple first signals. The transmission of the first signals includes sending and / or receiving the first signals.

[0166] In this embodiment, the first device can determine the number and / or position of the first signal in the first transmission based on the first information, and then the first device performs the transmission of the first signal based on the number and / or position of the first signal. The first transmission includes D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission, and the first signal includes at least one of preamble, midamble, and postamble. This clarifies the method for determining the number and / or transmission position of preamble, postamble, and midamble in D2R or R2D transmission, which helps improve the transmission performance of D2R or R2D transmission and also helps control overhead in AIoT communication.

[0167] Optionally, the first information may include whether frequency hopping exists in the first transmission. Wherein, if the first transmission is a D2R transmission based on carrier wave (CW) back-reflection, the frequency hopping is CW frequency hopping; and / or,

[0168] In the case that the first transmission is a D2R transmission, the frequency hopping is a frequency hopping based on the frequency shift of a line code or square wave; and / or,

[0169] In the case where the first transmission is a D2R transmission based on an internally generated signal, the frequency hopping is a frequency hopping based on a change in the frequency position of the baseband signal, or the frequency hopping is a frequency hopping based on a change in the frequency position of the generated carrier.

[0170] In this application embodiment, the definition of frequency hopping is different for different first transmissions, which better clarifies the specific meaning of frequency hopping in the first transmission and helps the first device to better confirm the number and / or position of the first signal in the first transmission.

[0171] Optionally, the first information includes whether frequency hopping exists in the first transmission, and the first device determines the number and / or location of the first signal in the first transmission based on the first information, including at least one of the following:

[0172] If frequency hopping is present in the first transmission, the first device determines that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one;

[0173] If frequency hopping is present in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a block-level repeated transmission, the first device determines that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one.

[0174] If there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission, the first device determines that the number of preambles in the first transmission is one;

[0175] If there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission, the first device determines that the number of preambles and the number of postambles in the first transmission are both one.

[0176] In the case that there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, the first device determines that the data of other repeated transmissions in the first transmission, excluding the first transmission, includes the transmission of midamble.

[0177] If there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, the first device determines that the data of the other repeated transmissions in the first transmission, excluding the last transmission, includes the transmission of midamble.

[0178] For example, in some embodiments, if frequency hopping exists in D2R or R2D transmission, the first device may determine that the D2R or R2D transmission includes multiple first signals based on protocol predefined rules. That is, the protocol predefined that for the case of frequency hopping in D2R or R2D transmission, the transmission of multiple first signals may be included in the D2R or R2D transmission. Alternatively, in some embodiments, if frequency hopping exists in D2R or R2D transmission, the first device may also determine that the D2R or R2D transmission includes multiple first signals based on indication information (e.g., a first indication).

[0179] In some embodiments, if there is no frequency hopping in the D2R or R2D transmission, the first device determines that the number of preambles in the D2R or R2D transmission is one. In this case, it is possible that the first transmission may also include a midamble and a postamble, or it may not include a midamble or a postamble. Alternatively, in some embodiments, if there is no frequency hopping in the D2R or R2D transmission, the first device determines that the number of preambles and postambles in the D2R or R2D transmission is one, that is, only one preamble and one postamble are included. In this case, it is possible that the first transmission may also include a midamble, or the latter may not include a midamble.

[0180] In some embodiments, if there is no frequency hopping in the D2R or R2D transmission, and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, the first device determines that the data of other repeated transmissions in the first transmission, excluding the first transmission, includes the transmission of midamble, and / or the data of other repeated transmissions in the first transmission, excluding the last transmission, includes the transmission of midamble.

[0181] In this embodiment of the application, the first device can determine the number and / or position of the first signal in the first transmission based on whether frequency hopping exists in the first transmission and also based on the repetitive transmission mode of the second signal (e.g., PDRCH), thereby better clarifying the determination method of the number and / or position of the first signal in the first transmission (D2R transmission or R2D transmission), which helps to improve the transmission performance of D2R transmission or R2D transmission.

[0182] Optionally, if frequency hopping exists in the first transmission and the first device determines that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one, the first device performs the transmission of the first signal based on the number of the first signals and / or the position of the first signals, including at least one of the following:

[0183] The first device transmits a preamble before a set of transmitted data at each frequency point;

[0184] The first device transmits a preamble before the initial data transmission;

[0185] The first device transmits a midamble before a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point after the first frequency point;

[0186] The first device transmits a midamble after a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point before the last frequency point;

[0187] The first device transmits the postamble after the last transmitted data;

[0188] The first device transmits a postamble after a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point.

[0189] In this application, if frequency hopping occurs in the first transmission, the first device determines that the first transmission may include multiple first signals. In this case, there can be various possibilities for the number and / or transmission location of the first signals transmitted in the first transmission. Several embodiments are listed below for illustration.

[0190] In some embodiments, the first device may transmit a preamble before a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point in the first transmission, and transmit a postamble after the last transmitted data.

[0191] In some embodiments, the first device may transmit a preamble before the data transmitted for the first time in the first transmission, a midamble before a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point after the first frequency point, and a postamble after the data transmitted for the last time.

[0192] In some embodiments, the first device may transmit a preamble before the data transmitted for the first time in the first transmission, and a postamble after a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point.

[0193] In some embodiments, the first device may transmit a preamble before a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point in the first transmission, and transmit a postamble after a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point.

[0194] In this embodiment of the application, the first device can determine the number and transmission location of the first signal in the first transmission when frequency hopping occurs in the first transmission, thereby helping to improve the transmission performance and efficiency of the first transmission.

[0195] Optionally, if frequency hopping exists in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, and the first device determines that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one, the first device performs the transmission of the first signal based on the number of the first signals and / or the position of the first signals, including at least one of the following:

[0196] The first device transmits a preamble before each data transmission;

[0197] The first device transmits a preamble before a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point;

[0198] The first device transmits a preamble before the initial data transmission;

[0199] The first device transmits a midamble before a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point after the first frequency point;

[0200] The first device transmits a midamble after a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point before the last frequency point;

[0201] The first device transmits the postamble after the last transmitted data;

[0202] The first device transmits a postamble after each data transmission;

[0203] The first device transmits a postamble after a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point.

[0204] In this application, if frequency hopping exists in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, the first device determines that the first transmission may include multiple first signals. In this case, there can be various possibilities for the number and / or transmission location of the first signals transmitted in the first transmission. Several embodiments are listed below for illustration.

[0205] In some embodiments, the first device transmits a preamble before each data transmission and a postamble after the last data transmission.

[0206] In some embodiments, the first device transmits a preamble before a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point, and transmits a postamble after the last transmitted data.

[0207] In some embodiments, the first device transmits a preamble before the first transmitted data, a midamble before a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point after the first frequency point, and a postamble after the last transmitted data.

[0208] In some embodiments, the first device transmits a preamble before the first transmitted data and a postamble after each transmitted data, or transmits a postamble after a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point.

[0209] In some embodiments, the first device transmits a preamble before each data transmission and a postamble after each data transmission.

[0210] In some embodiments, the first device transmits a preamble before a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point, and transmits a postamble after a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point.

[0211] In this embodiment of the application, the first device can determine the number and transmission position of the first signal in the first transmission when frequency hopping exists in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, thereby helping to improve the transmission performance and efficiency of the first transmission.

[0212] Optionally, the first information includes whether a time interval exists in the first transmission, and the first device determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on the first information, including at least one of the following:

[0213] If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets a first preset threshold, the first device determines that the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions includes a preamble.

[0214] If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission, or if the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the first preset threshold, the first device determines that the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions includes midmable.

[0215] If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the first preset threshold, the first device determines that the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions includes postamble.

[0216] If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission, or if the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the first preset threshold, the first device determines that the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions includes midmable.

[0217] If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets a second preset threshold, the first device determines that the preamble is not included before the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions.

[0218] If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the second preset threshold, the first device determines that the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions does not include midmable.

[0219] If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the second preset threshold, the first device determines that the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions does not include postamble.

[0220] If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission, or if the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the second preset threshold, the first device determines that the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions does not include midmable.

[0221] Wherein, the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold can be predefined, and the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold can be the same or different.

[0222] For example, in some embodiments, if there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets a first preset threshold, the first device determines that the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions includes a preamble and / or a midmable, and the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions includes a postamble.

[0223] In some embodiments, if there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets a second preset threshold, the first device determines that the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions does not include preamble and / or midmable, and the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions does not include postamble.

[0224] In this embodiment of the application, the first device can determine the number and transmission position of the first signal in the first transmission based on whether there is a time interval in the first transmission, or whether the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets a first preset threshold or a second preset threshold, thereby helping to improve the transmission performance and efficiency of the first transmission.

[0225] It should be noted that the two transmissions mentioned in the embodiments of this application may refer to two repeated transmissions.

[0226] Optionally, the first information includes the repetition mode of the second signal, and the first device determines the number of the first signal and / or the position of the first signal in the first transmission based on the first information, including any one of the following:

[0227] When the repetition transmission mode of the second signal is block-level repetition transmission, the first device determines that the number of the first signal in the first transmission is at least one;

[0228] When the repetition transmission mode of the second signal is signal block-level repetition transmission, the first device determines that the number of preambles and the number of postambles included in the first transmission are both one;

[0229] If the repetition transmission method of the second signal is either no repetition transmission or bit-level repetition transmission, the first device determines that the number of preambles included in the first transmission is one.

[0230] When the repetition transmission mode of the second signal is either no repetition transmission or bit-level repetition transmission, the first device determines that the number of preambles and the number of postambles included in the first transmission are both one.

[0231] When the repetitive transmission mode of the second signal is repetitive transmission based on available resources, the first device determines that the number of the first signal in the first transmission is at least one.

[0232] It should be noted that when the repetition transmission mode of the second signal is signal block-level repetition transmission, the first device determines that the number of preambles included in the first transmission is one, or the number of preambles and postambles is one each. In this case, it is not excluded that the first transmission may also include midambles, for example, the transmission of midambles may be included before the data in the repetition transmissions other than the first transmission.

[0233] In the case where the repetitive transmission mode of the second signal is based on the repetitive transmission of available resources, the interval between repetitive transmissions based on available resources may be relatively long. In this case, it is necessary to repeatedly transmit one or more reference signals for the estimation of time and sampling frequency errors and channel estimation of each repetitive transmission.

[0234] In this embodiment of the application, the first device can determine the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission according to the repetition transmission mode of the second signal (PDRCH or PRDCH), thereby helping to improve the transmission performance and transmission efficiency of the first transmission.

[0235] Optionally, when the repetition transmission mode of the second signal is signal block-level repetition transmission, and the first device determines that the number of the first signal in the first transmission is at least one, the first device performs the transmission of the first signal according to the number of the first signal and / or the position of the first signal, including at least one of the following:

[0236] The first device transmits a preamble before each data transmission;

[0237] The first device transmits a preamble before the initial data transmission;

[0238] The first device transmits the postamble after the last transmitted data;

[0239] The first device transmits a postamble after each data transmission;

[0240] The first device transmits a midamble before the data in each subsequent transmission after the initial transmission;

[0241] The first device transmits midamble after each transmission of data prior to the last transmission.

[0242] It should be noted that each transmission in the embodiments of this application may refer to each repeated transmission. When the second signal uses repeated transmission, the repeated transmission is the repeated transmission of the same information.

[0243] In this embodiment of the application, if the repetitive transmission mode of the second signal is signal block-level repetitive transmission, the first device determines that the first transmission may include multiple first signals. In this case, there are many possibilities for the number and / or transmission location of the first signals transmitted in the first transmission. Several embodiments are listed below for illustration.

[0244] In some embodiments, the first device may transmit a preamble before each data transmission and a postamble after the last data transmission.

[0245] In some embodiments, the first device may transmit a preamble before the first data transmission and a postamble after each data transmission.

[0246] In some embodiments, the first device may transmit a preamble before each data transmission and a postamble after each data transmission.

[0247] In some embodiments, the first device may transmit a preamble before the data transmitted for the first time, a midamble before the data transmitted for each subsequent data transmission, and a postamble after the data transmitted for the last time.

[0248] In this embodiment of the application, the first device can determine the number and transmission position of the first signal in the first transmission when the repetition mode of the second signal is signal block-level repetition transmission, thereby helping to improve the transmission performance and efficiency of the first transmission.

[0249] Optionally, the first information includes the type of the responding device, and the first device determines the number of first signals and / or the location of the first signals in the first transmission based on the first information, including at least one of the following:

[0250] In the case where the first device is a first type of response device, the first device determines the data of the first transmission before the preamble transmission;

[0251] When the first device is a second type of response device, the first device determines that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one;

[0252] When the first device is a response device and the read / write device communicating with the first device via A-IoT is a network-side device (e.g., a base station), the first device determines that the data transmitted in the first transmission includes a preamble transmission.

[0253] The first type of response device may be different from the second type of response device.

[0254] For example, in some embodiments, the first type of acknowledgment device is an acknowledgment device capable of internally generating carrier signals, such as device 2b described in relevant protocols (e.g., 3GPP TR 38.769). In this case, only one preamble can be sent in a single D2R or R2D transmission. This type of device has good synchronization accuracy, so a single preamble can meet the synchronization requirements.

[0255] In some embodiments, the second type of acknowledgment device is an acknowledgment device that can only rely on external carrier signals, such as device 1 or 2a described in relevant protocols (e.g., 3GPP TR 38.769). In a single D2R or R2D transmission, multiple preambles may need to be sent. This type of device has poor synchronization accuracy and therefore requires multiple first signals; for example, a preamble may be sent before each transmission, or a preamble may be sent before the first transmission and a midamble before subsequent transmissions.

[0256] In some embodiments, if the read / write device is a base station, a preamble is transmitted before the first transmitted data in the first transmission. Because the base station has strong processing capabilities, the number of first signals in the D2R transmission can be small, and the base station can still receive them well. If the read / write device is a UE, then sending multiple first signals in the D2R transmission can help the UE receive data better.

[0257] In this embodiment of the application, the first device can determine the number and / or position of the first signal in the first transmission according to the type of the responding device, thereby effectively improving the transmission performance and efficiency of the first transmission and helping the first device to control overhead.

[0258] Optionally, the first information includes the type of the read / write device, and the first device determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on the first information, including at least one of the following:

[0259] When the first device is a first type of read / write device, the first device determines that the data transmitted in the first transmission includes a preamble transmission before the data transmitted in the first transmission.

[0260] When the first device is a second type of read / write device, the first device determines that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one;

[0261] When the first device is a read / write device and the responding device communicating with the first device via A-IoT is a first type of responding device, the first device determines that the data transmitted in the first transmission includes a preamble transmission.

[0262] The first type of read / write device may be different from the second type of read / write device.

[0263] In this embodiment of the application, when the first device is used as a read / write device, the first device can determine the number and / or position of the first signal in the first transmission according to the type of the read / write device, thereby effectively improving the transmission performance and efficiency in the first transmission and also helping the first device to control overhead.

[0264] Optionally, the first information includes the number of repetitions of the second signal, and the first device determines the number of the first signal and / or the position of the first signal in the first transmission based on the first information, including at least one of the following:

[0265] If the number of repetitions is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the first device determines that the number of preambles in the first transmission is one;

[0266] If the number of repetitions exceeds the preset threshold, the first device determines that the number of preambles in the first transmission is at least one.

[0267] In this embodiment of the application, when the number of repetitions of the second signal is less than or equal to a preset threshold, it is understood that the number of repetitions in the D2R transmission or R2D transmission is small, and the D2R transmission or R2D transmission time is short. Therefore, only one preamble can be transmitted, which can also meet the synchronization requirements.

[0268] When the number of repetitions of the second signal exceeds a preset threshold, it is understandable that the number of repetitions in the D2R or R2D transmission is large, the D2R or R2D transmission time is long, and the synchronization error is relatively large. Therefore, multiple preambles can be transmitted, which helps the first device to receive better.

[0269] Optionally, the first information includes the transmission length of the second signal, and the first device determines the number of the first signal and / or the position of the first signal in the first transmission based on the first information, including any one of the following:

[0270] When the second signal is a repeated transmission, and the repeated transmission is a signal block-level repeated transmission, the first device determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signal in the first transmission based on the transmission length of a single transmission of the second signal.

[0271] The first device determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on the total transmission length of the second signal.

[0272] In this embodiment of the application, the first device can determine the number and / or position of the first signal in D2R transmission or R2D transmission based on the total transmission length of the second signal or the transmission length of a single transmission of the second signal, thereby effectively improving the transmission performance and transmission efficiency of the first transmission.

[0273] Optionally, the transmission length of the second signal includes at least one of the following:

[0274] The transmission length of the data portion of the second signal;

[0275] The transmission length of the control signaling portion of the second signal.

[0276] Optionally, when the first signal includes a preamble and / or a postamble, the preamble and / or postamble transmitted at different locations in the first transmission can be the same or different. For example, if the first signal includes a preamble, the first device can include the preamble before each transmitted data; these preambles can be the same or different. Similarly, if the first signal includes a postamble, the first device can transmit the postamble after each transmitted data; these postambles can be the same or different. This makes the preamble and / or postamble transmitted in the first transmission more flexible and varied.

[0277] Optionally, the preamble and / or postamble transmitted at different locations in the first transmission may be the same or different, including at least one of the following:

[0278] The preamble preceding data that is not transmitted for the first time is a portion of the preamble preceding data that is transmitted for the first time.

[0279] The postamble following data that is not the last transmitted data is the part of the postamble following the last transmitted data.

[0280] The preamble sequences preceding at least two data transmissions are different;

[0281] The postamble sequences following at least two data transmissions are different.

[0282] For example, the preamble before the first data transmission in the first transmission includes two sub-parts, while the preamble before the data transmission in subsequent transmissions only includes the second sub-part of the preamble before the first data transmission.

[0283] For example, the postamble following the last transmitted data in the first transmission includes two sub-parts, and the postamble following data other than the last transmitted data is the first sub-part of the postamble following the last transmitted data.

[0284] Specifically, the preamble sequence preceding at least two data transmissions must be different. This could mean that the preamble sequence preceding each data transmission is different, or that the preamble sequence preceding only a few data transmissions is different. For example, the preamble sequence preceding the first data transmission may be different from the preamble sequence preceding the last two data transmissions, while the preamble sequence preceding the data transmissions in other transmissions may be the same or different.

[0285] The postamble sequences following at least two data transmissions must be different. This could mean that the postamble sequences following each data transmission are different, or that the postamble sequences following only a few of the data transmissions are different. For example, the postamble sequences following the first data transmission and the last data transmission must be different, while the postamble sequences following other data transmissions may be the same or different.

[0286] In this embodiment of the application, the preamble and / or postamble transmitted at different locations in the first transmission can be the same or different, thereby making the preamble and / or postamble transmitted in the first transmission more flexible.

[0287] Optionally, the first information may include a first indication, which includes at least one of the following:

[0288] preamble;

[0289] The scheduling information for the PDRCH transmission is scheduled;

[0290] The scheduling information for scheduling the transmission of the PRDCH;

[0291] Interface messages between the network-side device and the first device.

[0292] For example, the first device receives scheduling information for scheduling PDRCH transmissions, which can serve as a first indication to indicate the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission.

[0293] It should be noted that when the first indication includes interface messages between the network-side device and the first device, the first device may be a read / write device, and the interface messages may be Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer messages, physical layer control messages, etc.

[0294] In this embodiment, at least one of the following can be used as the first indication: preamble, scheduling information for scheduling the PDRCH transmission, scheduling information for scheduling the PDRCH transmission, and interface messages between the network-side device and the first device. This makes the indication form of the first indication more flexible and helps the first device to quickly determine the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission through the first indication.

[0295] Optionally, the number of first signals in the first transmission is a predefined unique number, and / or, the position of the first signal in the first transmission is a predefined unique position; or,

[0296] The number of first signals in the first transmission is one of a predefined number or a candidate number configured by the network-side device or the first device, and / or the position of the first signal in the first transmission is one of a predefined position or a candidate position configured by the network-side device or the first device.

[0297] For example, the protocol predefines the number of first signals in the first transmission as unique and the position of the first signals in the first transmission as unique. In this case, the number and / or position of the first signals in the first transmission are also uniquely determined. For instance, the protocol predefines that in the first transmission, a preamble transmission is included only before the first transmitted data, that is, the number of first signals (preamble) in the first transmission is predefined to be one, and the transmission position is before the first transmitted data. Therefore, when the first device determines the number and / or position of transmissions including the first signal in the first transmission based on the first information, it can also determine, based on the unique number and unique position of the first signals predefined by the protocol, that transmissions including the preamble are included only before the first transmitted data in the first transmission. In this way, the first device can quickly and accurately determine the number and / or position of the first signals in the first transmission.

[0298] Alternatively, the protocol predefines, the network-side device configures, or the first device configures that the number of first signals in the first transmission can have multiple candidate numbers, and the position of the first signals in the first transmission can have multiple candidate positions. In this case, the first device can determine the number of first signals from multiple candidate numbers, and / or determine the transmission position of the first signals from multiple candidate positions. For example, the protocol predefines that in the first transmission, a preamble transmission can be included before each transmitted data, that is, the number of first signals (preamble) in the first transmission is predefined to be multiple, and the transmission position is before each transmitted data, that is, the transmission position is multiple. When the first device determines the number and / or position of the first signals in the first transmission based on the first information, it can determine that the preamble transmission is included before each transmitted data, or it can choose to include the preamble transmission before the first transmitted data, or it can choose to include the preamble transmission before the first transmitted data and before the last transmitted data, etc., which will not be listed in detail here. Under this implementation, the first device can more selectively and flexibly determine the number and / or position of the first signals in the first transmission, which helps to improve the flexibility of the first signal transmission.

[0299] To better understand, the technical solutions provided in this application will be explained and illustrated through several specific embodiments below.

[0300] Example 1:

[0301] If PDRCH / PRDCH uses block-level repetitive transmission, the transmission of the preamble can be determined according to at least one of the following methods:

[0302] Method 1: Each data transmission (including the initial transmission and subsequent repeated transmissions) includes a preamble. The preamble sent before each data transmission is the same; alternatively, the preamble sent before each data transmission can be different.

[0303] For example, a PRDCH preamble can include a start indicator and a clock acquisition part. The preamble sent before the initial transmission includes both parts, while the preamble sent before subsequent retransmissions only includes the clock acquisition part. This is because the start indicator is only needed to determine the start of a PRDCH before it begins.

[0304] For example, the PDRCH preamble can be divided into two parts, where the patterns of the first and second parts are different. For instance, the first part might be a sequence of [high-, low-, high-, low-, ...] levels, with equal durations for both high and low levels, which is beneficial for initial SFO correction. The second part, with a different high-low level pattern (or equivalently represented as 0, 1), could be a sequence with good autocorrelation, which is beneficial for time synchronization. The preamble sent before the first transmission includes both parts, while the preamble sent before subsequent retransmissions only includes the second part. Because the SFO drifts slowly after correction in the first preamble, subsequent SFO correction can be based on the second part signal or other signals, such as the postamble, without needing the first part.

[0305] For example, the preamble of PDRCH / PRDCH includes the same sub-parts before each transmission, but the length of the preamble can vary. Considering that the preamble before the first transmission is used for initial synchronization, and the preamble in subsequent repeated transmissions is mainly used for tracking synchronization, the length of the preamble before the first transmission can be longer than that of the preamble in subsequent repeated transmissions.

[0306] Alternatively, the preamble length can be the same before each transmission, but the sequence can be different. One advantage of this is that it makes it easier to distinguish which transmission it is.

[0307] Method 2: The first data transmission includes a preamble transmission, meaning that subsequent repeated transmissions do not include a preamble transmission.

[0308] Optionally, the midamble can be transmitted before subsequent repeated transmissions, and the sequence of the midamble may be the same as or different from that of the preamble.

[0309] In some scenarios, a signal for CFO estimation can also be sent before the PDRCH / PRDCH. This signal can be located before the preamble, between the preamble and the PDRCH or PRDCH, or as part of the preamble. The preamble method described above also applies to the signal used for CFO estimation.

[0310] In some scenarios, a postamble can be sent after the PDRCH / PRDCH. If the PDRCH / PRDCH uses block-level retransmission, the sending of the postamble can be determined according to at least one of the following methods:

[0311] Method 1: Each data transmission (including the initial transmission and subsequent repeated transmissions) is followed by a postamble. The postamble transmitted after each data transmission is the same; alternatively, the postamble transmitted after each data transmission can be different.

[0312] Sending a postamble with each transmission better supports early termination. For example, if the PDRCH is transmitted four times, and the channel conditions are good, the reader can successfully demodulate the signal after receiving it only twice. Therefore, the reader does not need to wait until all four transmissions are completed to perform synchronization adjustments based on the postamble, such as SFO adjustments.

[0313] Sending a postamble with each transmission also achieves the effect of sending a preamble for the next repetition, for example, for synchronization of the next repetition, marking the start of the next repetition. Therefore, one possible combination is to send a preamble before the first repetition and a postamble after each repetition.

[0314] Method 2: Transmit the postamble after the last transmitted data.

[0315] This means that no postamble is sent after any transmission except the last one. Since the primary function of a postamble is to mark the end of a D2R / R2D transmission, it can be sent only at the end.

[0316] Furthermore, if a preamble is sent before each repeated transmission, synchronization can be performed using the preamble, eliminating the need for a postamble.

[0317] Optionally, a midamble can be sent after all transmissions except the last one.

[0318] In some scenarios, a signal for CFO estimation can also be sent after the PDRCH / PRDCH. This signal can be located after the postamble, between the PDRCH / PRDCH and the postamble, or as part of the postamble. The postamble method described above also applies to the signal used for CFO estimation.

[0319] Furthermore, in some scenarios, midambles are included in D2R / R2D transmissions. For example, one or more midambles may be included in a single repeat transmission.

[0320] If a first signal is present in each transmission, for example, a preamble, and its position relative to the PDRCH remains unchanged, it can be considered that the first signal is transmitted repeatedly in the same way as the PDRCH.

[0321] Example 2:

[0322] Whether to send a postamble before subsequent PDRCH / PRDCH transmissions, after transmissions other than the last transmission, whether to send a midamble in the middle of each transmission, and whether to send a midamble between transmissions (including after the previous repeated transmission or before the next repeated transmission) can also be determined in the following ways:

[0323] Method 1: If the PRDCH / PDRCH repeat transmission is block-level repeat, the number and / or position of the first signal transmission are determined based on the transmission length of a single transmission.

[0324] For example, the number and / or location of preamble and / or postamble transmissions are determined according to the method of Embodiment 1, and whether midamble is sent in D2R / R2D transmission is determined based on whether the length of a single transmission exceeds a threshold, and the number and location of midamble transmissions are determined.

[0325] For example, a preamble is sent before the data in the first transmission, and a postamble is sent after the data in the last transmission. Depending on the length of a single transmission, it can be determined whether a midamble needs to be sent within that transmission; that is, a midamble can be sent in every transmission, for example, after the data in each transmission (except the last transmission), or before the data in each transmission (except the first transmission).

[0326] Method 2: Determine whether to send the first signal based on the total length of the PRDCH / PDRCH transmission.

[0327] For example, the number and / or location of preamble and / or postamble transmissions are determined according to the method of Embodiment 1, and whether midamble is sent in D2R / R2D transmission is determined based on whether the sum of the lengths of multiple PRDCH / PDRCH transmissions exceeds a threshold, as well as the number and location of midamble transmissions.

[0328] For example, the PRDCH / PDRCH transmission count is 4. A preamble is sent before the first transmission, and a postamble is sent after the last transmission. Based on the total length of the 4 PRDCH / PDRCH transmissions, it is determined that a midamble needs to be sent, and the number of midambles is 3. Therefore, the midamble is sent before the data in the 2nd to 4th repeated transmissions. As another example, based on the total length of the 4 PRDCH / PDRCH transmissions, it is determined that a midamble needs to be sent, and the number of midambles is 4. In this case, these 4 midambles do not necessarily need to be at the beginning or end of a transmission; they can be in the middle of a transmission.

[0329] For example, whether to send a postmable after the last repeated transmission is determined by whether the sum of the lengths of multiple PRDCH / PDRCH transmissions exceeds a threshold. Furthermore, whether to send a midmable in D2R / R2D transmissions, and the number and location of midmable transmissions, are also determined by whether the sum of the lengths of multiple PRDCH / PDRCH transmissions exceeds a threshold.

[0330] Alternatively, different signals can be determined using different methods.

[0331] For example, based on whether the sum of the lengths of multiple PRDCH / PDRCH transmissions exceeds a threshold, it is determined whether a preamble needs to be sent before at least one transmission in the second to the last repeated transmission, and at what position the preamble should be sent (e.g., sending a preamble before the third transmission in addition to the first transmission). Furthermore, based on whether the length of a single repeated transmission exceeds a threshold, it is determined whether a midamble needs to be sent in each repeated transmission.

[0332] Example 3:

[0333] D2R or R2D transmission can improve performance through frequency hopping. For example, frequency hopping can be used to achieve frequency-level gain or reduce interference.

[0334] Frequency hopping can be implemented in several ways. For example, for a device based on CW backscatter, frequency hopping of the CW can be used to achieve frequency hopping for D2R transmissions. Another example is that the device can achieve frequency hopping through baseband signal frequency shifts, such as based on Manchester coding and coding-level or bit-level repetition, or through square wave frequencies, or by generating carriers of different frequencies.

[0335] Whether frequency hopping occurs in D2R / R2D transmission can be indicated by the reader, for example, by indicating whether CW is frequency hopping in the PRDCH that schedules the PDRCH, or by indicating one or more different frequencies or frequency offsets used.

[0336] If frequency hopping is used in D2R / R2D transmission, a preamble or midamble can be sent at the beginning of each frequency hop. For example, a preamble can be sent at the beginning of each frequency hop, and the preamble for each hop can be the same (repeatedly sent) or different.

[0337] Frequency hopping can be used in conjunction with block-level repetitive transmissions. If PRDCH / PDRCH uses block-level repetitive transmissions, a preamble or midamble can be sent before each transmission of data (including the first transmission and subsequent repetitive transmissions), or before each frequency hopping repetitive transmission.

[0338] Optionally, the relationship between frequency hopping and repetition count can be indicated by the reader, for example, indicating that CW frequency hopping occurs once every two block-level repetitions.

[0339] Therefore, a preamble or midamble can be sent before a set of transmitted data corresponding to each CW frequency point. For example, a preamble can be sent before every two repeated transmissions.

[0340] Alternatively, a preamble can be sent only before the first transmission, and a midamble can be sent before each repeated transmission (except the first transmission) or the first repeated transmission of each frequency hopping (except the first transmission).

[0341] In some scenarios, a postamble can be sent after PDRCH / PRDCH. If frequency hopping is used in D2R / R2D transmissions, a postamble can be sent at the end of each frequency hop. If frequency hopping is used in D2R / R2D transmissions and PRDCH / PDRCH uses block-level repeated transmissions, a postamble can be sent after each transmitted data (including the first transmission and subsequent repeated transmissions), or after a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency hop. Alternatively, a postamble can be sent only in the last transmission.

[0342] If frequency hopping is not used in D2R / R2D transmission, or if frequency hopping CW is not used in D2R transmission and block-level repetitive transmission is not used in PRDCH / PDRCH, then D2R transmission includes only one preamble, or only one preamble and one postamble. That is, the preamble is sent before the PDRCH starts and the postamble is sent after the PDRCH ends.

[0343] Example 4:

[0344] Taking D2R transmission as an example, there may be a time interval between two adjacent transmissions. For instance, in some scenarios, frequency hopping can be used to obtain frequency domain diversity gain. If it's frequency hopping based on CW (Continuous Wave) transmission from the reader, a certain time interval may need to be reserved between hops to prepare for CW hopping. Alternatively, reserving a time interval can reduce the impact of time position differences caused by inaccurate timing between the device and the reader. For another example, if frequency hopping is achieved through different frequencies of signals generated by the device itself, the device may need a certain processing time to implement the frequency change, thus requiring a time interval as well. Or, if the device generates D2R transmissions based on specific command operations, it also requires a certain processing time, similar to in-process processing in RFID.

[0345] Therefore, when a device's D2R transmission includes multiple non-contiguous transmission sections (scheduled by the same R2D), i.e., there are time intervals in between, it is advisable to send a first signal in each transmission section. For example, if a D2R transmission includes multiple non-contiguous PDRCH sections, or includes multiple non-contiguous PDRCH sections with time intervals greater than a preset threshold, then a preamble is sent before the start of each PDRCH section; otherwise, a preamble is sent only before the start of the first PDRCH section, and not in other sections.

[0346] If a device's D2R transmission includes multiple non-contiguous transmission segments (scheduled by the same R2D), and the PDRCH uses block-level retransmissions, a preamble or midamble can be sent before each transmission's data (including the initial transmission and subsequent retransmissions), or before each retransmission contained within a PDRCH segment. For example, if the PDRCH is retransmitted four times, with the first and second retransmissions consecutive, the third and fourth retransmissions consecutive, and an interval between the second and third retransmissions, then a preamble can be sent before the first and third retransmissions, or a preamble can be sent only before the first transmission, and a midamble before the third retransmission.

[0347] Example 5:

[0348] Based on the first signal (x-damble) transmission mode predefined in the protocol, R2D or D2R can further dynamically indicate whether to send or which first signal transmission mode to use.

[0349] Among them, the transmission mode of premable or postmable is the transmission mode within the entire R2D or D2R transmission length (including all repeated transmissions), and the transmission mode of midmable is the transmission mode within the entire R2D or D2R transmission length (including all repeated transmissions), or the transmission mode within a single PDRCH / PDRCH transmission.

[0350] Alternatively, the protocol does not need to predefine the transmission mode of the first signal. R2D or D2R can directly and dynamically indicate whether to send and how many first signals to send, and the sent first signals are evenly added to the data transmission.

[0351] The number of premable or postmable refers to the number within the entire R2D or D2R transmission length (including all repeated transmissions), while the number of midmable refers to the number within the entire R2D or D2R transmission length (including all repeated transmissions), or the number within a single PDRCH / PDRCH transmission.

[0352] For example, if R2D instructs PDRCH to perform 4 block-level retransmissions, and specifies that the number of preambles is 2 and the number of midambles is 1, then a preamble will be sent before the 1st and 3rd retransmissions, and a midamble will be sent within each retransmission.

[0353] Alternatively, the first signal sent may be non-uniformly added to the data transmission. The number of preambles or postmables is the total number over the entire R2D or D2R transmission length (including all repeated transmissions). The number of midmables is the total number over the entire R2D or D2R transmission length (including all repeated transmissions), or the number within a single PDRCH / PDRCH transmission.

[0354] For example, R2D instructs PDRCH to perform 4 block-level retransmissions, and instructs the number of preambles to be 1 and the number of midambles to be 2. Then, a preamble is sent before the first retransmission, a midamble is sent before or during the second or third retransmission, and a midamble is sent before or during the fourth retransmission.

[0355] Alternatively, the first signal can be non-uniformly added to the data transmission. For example, the protocol may specify or the reader may indicate that a total of Y first signals and Z bits of data are transmitted (the Z bits may include repeated transmissions or only a single repeated transmission). The first Y-1 first signals are placed in the data at a time position of Floor / Ceil[(Z-Z1) / (Y-1)], and the last first signal is placed at {Z-(Y-1)*Floor / Ceil[(Z-Z1) / (Y-1)]}. Z1 can be predefined or indicated by the reader, and can also be converted to chips or milliseconds. A characteristic of Z1 is that, under certain signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SINR) / signal-to-interference ratio (SNR) conditions, a block error rate (BLER) of 10% or 1% can be achieved with just one first signal.

[0356] For example, a 400-bit PDRCH transmits one preamble and three midambles. Z1 is 96 bits. The position of the preamble and the first two midambles is Ceil[(400-96) / (4-1)]=102. Its transmission mode is preamble+102-bit PDRCH+midamble+102-bit PDRCH+midamble+102-bit PDRCH+midamble+94-bit PDRCH.

[0357] For PDRCH and PRDCH, different methods can be used respectively in the above embodiments.

[0358] The signal transmission method provided in this application can be executed by a signal transmission device. This application uses an example of a signal transmission device executing the signal transmission method to illustrate the signal transmission device provided in this application.

[0359] This application provides a signal transmission device. As an example, the signal transmission device may be a communication device or a component within a communication device, such as a chip. The communication device may be a terminal, a network-side device, or a server, etc. Exemplarily, the terminal may include, but is not limited to, the type of terminal 11 listed above, and the network-side device may include, but is not limited to, the type of network-side device 12 listed above. This application does not impose specific limitations.

[0360] The signal transmission device includes a receiving module, a transmitting module, and a processing module. These modules can be implemented in software or hardware. When implemented in hardware, the processing module can be implemented by a processor. For example, the processor can include general-purpose processors, special-purpose processors, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), microprocessor, Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Artificial Intelligence (AI) processor, Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Network Processor (NP), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, gate circuits, transistors, discrete hardware components, etc. The receiving and transmitting modules can be implemented by a communication interface, which can include one or more of the following: transceiver, pins, circuits, bus, radio frequency unit, etc.

[0361] The signal transmission device can be applied to a first device, which is a response device or a read / write device. Specifically, referring to Figure 3, the signal transmission device 300 includes:

[0362] The determining module 301 is configured to determine the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on the first information, wherein the first transmission includes D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission;

[0363] The transmission module 302 is configured to transmit the first signal according to the number of the first signal and / or the position of the first signal;

[0364] The first information includes at least one of the following:

[0365] Does frequency hopping occur during the first transmission?

[0366] Does a time interval exist in the first transmission?

[0367] The second signal is transmitted repeatedly.

[0368] The type of the second signal;

[0369] The transmission length of the second signal;

[0370] The data transmission rate of the second signal;

[0371] The data size of the second signal;

[0372] The number of repetitions of the second signal;

[0373] Resources that can be used for A-IoT transmission;

[0374] The type of the response device;

[0375] The type of the read / write device;

[0376] A first indication, wherein the first indication is used to indicate the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission;

[0377] The first signal includes at least one of preamble, midamble, and postamble;

[0378] The second signal includes at least one of PDRCH and PRDCH.

[0379] Optionally, when the first transmission is a D2R transmission based on CW back reflection, the frequency hopping is CW frequency hopping; and / or,

[0380] In the case that the first transmission is a D2R transmission, the frequency hopping is a frequency hopping based on the frequency shift of a line code or square wave; and / or,

[0381] In the case where the first transmission is a D2R transmission based on an internally generated signal, the frequency hopping is a frequency hopping based on a change in the frequency position of the baseband signal, or the frequency hopping is a frequency hopping based on a change in the frequency position of the generated carrier.

[0382] Optionally, the first information includes whether frequency hopping exists in the first transmission, and the determining module 301 is further configured to perform at least one of the following:

[0383] If frequency hopping exists in the first transmission, the number of first signals in the first transmission is determined to be at least one;

[0384] If frequency hopping exists in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, it is determined that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one.

[0385] If there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission, the number of preambles in the first transmission is determined to be one;

[0386] If there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission, the number of preambles and postambles in the first transmission are both determined to be one.

[0387] In the case where there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, it is determined that the data of other repeated transmissions in the first transmission, excluding the first transmission, include the transmission of midamble.

[0388] If there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, the transmission of midamble is included after determining the data of other repeated transmissions in the first transmission except for the last transmission.

[0389] Optionally, if frequency hopping exists in the first transmission, and the determining module 301 determines that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one, the transmission module 302 is configured to perform at least one of the following:

[0390] A preamble is transmitted before the set of data to be transmitted at each frequency point;

[0391] Transmit the preamble before the first transmitted data;

[0392] The midamble is transmitted before the set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point after the first frequency point;

[0393] The midamble is transmitted after a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point before the last frequency point;

[0394] Transmit the postamble after the last transmitted data;

[0395] A postamble is transmitted after a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point.

[0396] Optionally, if frequency hopping exists in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, and the determining module 301 determines that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one, the transmission module 302 is configured to perform at least one of the following:

[0397] Transmit a preamble before each data transmission;

[0398] Transmit a preamble before a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point;

[0399] Transmit the preamble before the first transmitted data;

[0400] The midamble is transmitted before a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point after the first frequency point;

[0401] The midamble is transmitted after a set of repeated data transmitted for each frequency point before the last frequency point;

[0402] Transmit the postamble after the last transmitted data;

[0403] Transmit a postamble after each data transmission;

[0404] A postamble is transmitted after a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point.

[0405] Optionally, the first information includes whether a time interval exists in the first transmission, and the determining module 301 is further configured to perform at least one of the following:

[0406] If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission, or if the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets a first preset threshold, then it is determined that the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions includes a preamble.

[0407] If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission, or if the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the first preset threshold, then it is determined that the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions includes midmable.

[0408] If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the first preset threshold, then the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions is determined to include postamble.

[0409] If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission, or if the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the first preset threshold, then the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions is determined to include midmable.

[0410] If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets a second preset threshold, it is determined that the preamble is not included before the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions.

[0411] If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the second preset threshold, it is determined that the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions does not include midmable.

[0412] If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the second preset threshold, it is determined that the postamble is not included after the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions.

[0413] If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission, or if the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the second preset threshold, then it is determined that the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions does not include midmable.

[0414] Optionally, the first information includes the repetition mode of the second signal, and the determining module 301 is further configured to:

[0415] When the repetitive transmission mode of the second signal is signal block-level repetitive transmission, it is determined that the number of the first signal in the first transmission is at least one;

[0416] When the repetition transmission mode of the second signal is signal block-level repetition transmission, it is determined that the number of preambles and the number of postambles included in the first transmission are both one.

[0417] If the repetition transmission method of the second signal is either no repetition transmission or bit-level repetition transmission, the number of preambles included in the first transmission is determined to be one.

[0418] If the repetition transmission method of the second signal is either no repetition transmission or bit-level repetition transmission, then the number of preambles and the number of postambles included in the first transmission are both determined to be one.

[0419] When the repetitive transmission mode of the second signal is repetitive transmission based on available resources, the first device determines that the number of the first signal in the first transmission is at least one.

[0420] Optionally, when the repetition mode of the second signal is signal block-level repetition, and the determining module 301 determines that the number of the first signal in the first transmission is at least one, the transmission module 302 is configured to perform at least one of the following:

[0421] Transmit a preamble before each data transmission;

[0422] Transmit the preamble before the first transmitted data;

[0423] Transmit the postamble after the last transmitted data;

[0424] Transmit a postamble after each data transmission;

[0425] The midamble is transmitted before the data in each subsequent transmission after the initial transmission;

[0426] The midamble is transmitted after each transmission of data prior to the last transmission.

[0427] Optionally, the resources available for A-IoT transmission are determined based on the resources allocated by the network-side devices for A-IoT transmission between the read / write devices and the response devices.

[0428] Optionally, the first information includes the type of the response device, and the determining module 301 is used for at least one of the following:

[0429] In the case where the first device is a response device of type 1, the transmission of the preamble is included before the data of the first transmission in the first transmission is determined;

[0430] In the case that the first device is a second type of response device, it is determined that the number of the first signals in the first transmission is at least one;

[0431] When the first device is a response device and the read / write device communicating with the first device via A-IoT is a network-side device, it is determined that the data transmitted in the first transmission includes a preamble transmission.

[0432] Optionally, the first information includes the type of the read / write device, and the determining module 301 is used for at least one of the following:

[0433] In the case where the first device is a first type of read / write device, the transmission of the preamble is included before the data transmitted in the first transmission.

[0434] In the case where the first device is a second type of read / write device, it is determined that the number of the first signals in the first transmission is at least one;

[0435] When the first device is a read / write device and the responding device communicating with the first device via A-IoT is a first type of responding device, the transmission of the preamble is included before the data transmitted in the first transmission.

[0436] Optionally, the first information includes the number of repetitions of the second signal, and the determining module 301 is used for at least one of the following:

[0437] If the number of repetitions is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the number of preambles in the first transmission is determined to be one.

[0438] If the number of repetitions is greater than the preset threshold, the number of preambles in the first transmission is determined to be at least one.

[0439] Optionally, the first information includes the transmission length of the second signal, and the determining module 301 is used for any of the following:

[0440] When the second signal is a repeated transmission, and the repeated transmission is a signal block-level repeated transmission, the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signal in the first transmission are determined according to the transmission length of a single transmission of the second signal.

[0441] The number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission are determined based on the total transmission length of the second signal.

[0442] Optionally, the transmission length of the second signal includes at least one of the following:

[0443] The transmission length of the data portion of the second signal;

[0444] The transmission length of the control signaling portion of the second signal.

[0445] Optionally, if the first signal includes a preamble and / or a postamble, the preamble and / or postamble transmitted at different locations in the first transmission may be the same or different.

[0446] Optionally, the preamble and / or postamble transmitted at different locations in the first transmission may be the same or different, including at least one of the following:

[0447] The preamble preceding data that is not transmitted for the first time is a portion of the preamble preceding data that is transmitted for the first time.

[0448] The postamble following data that is not the last transmitted data is the part of the postamble following the last transmitted data.

[0449] The preamble sequences preceding at least two data transmissions are different;

[0450] The postamble sequences following at least two data transmissions are different.

[0451] Optionally, the first instruction includes at least one of the following:

[0452] preamble;

[0453] The scheduling information for the PDRCH transmission is scheduled;

[0454] The scheduling information for scheduling the transmission of the PRDCH;

[0455] Interface messages between the network-side device and the first device.

[0456] Optionally, the number of first signals in the first transmission is a predefined unique number, and / or, the position of the first signal in the first transmission is a predefined unique position; or,

[0457] The number of first signals in the first transmission is one of a predefined number or a candidate number configured by the network-side device or the first device, and / or the position of the first signal in the first transmission is one of a predefined position or a candidate position configured by the network-side device or the first device.

[0458] In this embodiment, the device can determine the number and / or position of the first signal in the first transmission based on the first information, and perform the transmission of the first signal based on the number and / or position of the first signal. The first transmission includes D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission, and the first signal includes at least one of preamble, midamble, and postamble. This clarifies the method for determining the number and / or transmission position of preamble, postamble, and midamble in D2R or R2D transmission, which helps improve the transmission performance of D2R or R2D transmission and also helps control overhead in AIoT communication.

[0459] The signal transmission provided in this application embodiment can realize the various processes implemented in the method embodiment shown in FIG2 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0460] As shown in Figure 4, this application embodiment also provides a communication device 400, including a processor 401 and a memory 402. The memory 402 stores a program or instructions that can run on the processor 401. When the program or instructions are executed by the processor 401, they implement the various steps of the above-described signal transmission method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0461] This application also provides a terminal, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the steps in the method embodiment shown in FIG2. This terminal embodiment corresponds to the above method embodiment, and all implementation processes and methods of the above method embodiments can be applied to this terminal embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. The terminal can be the signal transmission device shown in FIG3, or the terminal can be the first device in the above method embodiment. Specifically, FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a terminal implementing an embodiment of this application.

[0462] The terminal 500 includes, but is not limited to, at least some of the following components: radio frequency unit 501, network module 502, audio output unit 503, input unit 504, sensor 505, display unit 506, user input unit 507, interface unit 508, memory 509, and processor 510.

[0463] Those skilled in the art will understand that terminal 500 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) for powering various components. The power supply can be logically connected to processor 510 through a power management system, thereby enabling functions such as charging, discharging, and power consumption management through the power management system. The terminal structure shown in Figure 5 does not constitute a limitation on the terminal. The terminal may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements, which will not be elaborated here.

[0464] It should be understood that, in this embodiment, the input unit 504 may include a graphics processor 5041 and a microphone 5042. The graphics processor 5041 processes image data of still images or videos obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in video capture mode or image capture mode. The display unit 506 may include a display panel 5061, which may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode, or the like. The user input unit 507 includes at least one of a touch panel 5071 and other input devices 5072. The touch panel 5071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 5071 may include two parts: a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 5072 may include, but are not limited to, physical keyboards, function keys (such as volume control buttons, power buttons, etc.), trackballs, mice, and joysticks, which will not be described in detail here.

[0465] In this embodiment, after receiving downlink data from the network-side device, the radio frequency unit 501 can transmit it to the processor 510 for processing; in addition, the radio frequency unit 501 can send uplink data to the network-side device. Typically, the radio frequency unit 501 includes, but is not limited to, antennas, amplifiers, transceivers, couplers, low-noise amplifiers, duplexers, etc.

[0466] The memory 509 can be used to store software programs or instructions, as well as various data. The memory 509 may primarily include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data. The first storage area may store the operating system, application programs or instructions required for at least one function (such as sound playback, image playback, etc.). Furthermore, the memory 509 may include volatile memory or non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 509 in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0467] Processor 510 may include one or more processing units; optionally, processor 510 integrates an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles operations involving the operating system, user interface, and applications, and the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the aforementioned modem processor may also not be integrated into processor 510.

[0468] The processor 510 is configured to determine the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on the first information. The first transmission includes D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission. The terminal is a response device or a read / write device.

[0469] Radio frequency unit 501 is used to perform the transmission of the first signal according to the number of the first signal and / or the position of the first signal;

[0470] The first information includes at least one of the following:

[0471] Does frequency hopping occur during the first transmission?

[0472] Does a time interval exist in the first transmission?

[0473] The second signal is transmitted repeatedly.

[0474] The type of the second signal;

[0475] The transmission length of the second signal;

[0476] The data transmission rate of the second signal;

[0477] The data size of the second signal;

[0478] The number of repetitions of the second signal;

[0479] Resources that can be used for A-IoT transmission;

[0480] The type of the response device;

[0481] The type of the read / write device;

[0482] A first indication, wherein the first indication is used to indicate the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission;

[0483] The first signal includes at least one of preamble, midamble, and postamble;

[0484] The second signal includes at least one of PDRCH and PRDCH.

[0485] In this embodiment, the terminal can determine the number and / or position of the first signal in the first transmission based on the first information, and execute the transmission of the first signal based on the number and / or position of the first signal. The first transmission includes D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission, and the first signal includes at least one of preamble, midamble, and postamble. This clarifies the method for determining the number and / or transmission position of preamble, postamble, and midamble in D2R or R2D transmission, which helps improve the transmission performance of D2R or R2D transmission and also helps control overhead in AIoT communication.

[0486] It should be noted that the terminal in this application embodiment can serve as the first device in the above method embodiments to execute all the processes of the above method embodiments. It is understood that the implementation processes of each implementation method mentioned in this embodiment can refer to the relevant descriptions of the method embodiments and achieve the same or corresponding technical effects; to avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0487] This application also provides a network-side device, including a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the steps of the method embodiment shown in FIG2. This network-side device embodiment corresponds to the above method embodiment, and all implementation processes and methods of the above method embodiments can be applied to this network-side device embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect.

[0488] Specifically, this application embodiment also provides a network-side device, which can be the signal transmission device shown in FIG3. As shown in FIG6, the network-side device 600 includes: an antenna 61, a radio frequency device 62, a baseband device 63, a processor 64, and a memory 65. The antenna 61 is connected to the radio frequency device 62. In the uplink direction, the radio frequency device 62 receives information through the antenna 61 and sends the received information to the baseband device 63 for processing. In the downlink direction, the baseband device 63 processes the information to be transmitted and sends it to the radio frequency device 62. The radio frequency device 62 processes the received information and transmits it through the antenna 61.

[0489] The signal transmission method in the above embodiments can be implemented in the baseband device 63, which includes a baseband processor.

[0490] The baseband device 63 may include at least one baseband board, on which multiple chips are disposed, as shown in FIG6. One of the chips is, for example, a baseband processor, which is connected to the memory 65 via a bus interface to call the program in the memory 65 and execute the network device operation shown in the above method embodiment.

[0491] The network-side device may also include a network interface 66, such as a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI).

[0492] Specifically, the network-side device 600 in this application embodiment further includes: instructions or programs stored in memory 65 and executable on processor 64. Processor 64 calls the instructions or programs in memory 65 to execute the methods executed by each module shown in FIG3 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.

[0493] This application also provides a readable storage medium storing a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the various processes of the above-described signal transmission method embodiments and achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0494] The processor mentioned above is the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk. In some examples, the readable storage medium may be a non-transient readable storage medium.

[0495] This application also provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor. The processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-described signal transmission method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0496] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a system-on-a-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-a-chip, etc.

[0497] This application also provides a computer program / program product, which is stored in a storage medium and executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above-described signal transmission method embodiments, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0498] This application also provides a wireless communication system, including: a terminal and a network-side device, wherein the terminal can be used to perform the steps of the signal transmission method described above, and the network-side device can be used to perform the steps of the signal transmission method described above.

[0499] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0500] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of computer software products plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, they can also be implemented by hardware. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.) and includes several instructions to cause the terminal or network-side device to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0501] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other implementations under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these implementations are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A signal transmission method, comprising: The first device determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on the first information. The first transmission includes D2R transmission from the responding device to the reading and writing device and / or R2D transmission from the reading and writing device to the responding device. The first device is either the responding device or the reading and writing device. The first device performs the transmission of the first signal based on the number of the first signals and / or the location of the first signals; The first information includes at least one of the following: Does frequency hopping occur during the first transmission? Does a time interval exist in the first transmission? The second signal is transmitted repeatedly. The type of the second signal; The transmission length of the second signal; The data transmission rate of the second signal; The data size of the second signal; The number of repetitions of the second signal; Resources that can be used for A-IoT transmission in the environment; The type of the response device; The type of the read / write device; A first indication, wherein the first indication is used to indicate the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission; The first signal includes at least one of a preamble, a midamble, and a postamble. The second signal includes at least one of the Physical Response Device to Reader / Writer Channel (PDRCH) and the Physical Reader / Writer Device to Response Device Channel (PRDCH).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In the case that the first transmission is a D2R transmission based on carrier CW back reflection, the frequency hopping is CW frequency hopping; And / or, When the first transmission is a D2R transmission, the frequency hopping is a frequency hopping based on the frequency shift of a line code or a square wave; And / or, In the case where the first transmission is a D2R transmission based on an internally generated signal, the frequency hopping is a frequency hopping based on a change in the frequency position of the baseband signal, or the frequency hopping is a frequency hopping based on a change in the frequency position of the generated carrier.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The first information includes whether frequency hopping exists in the first transmission. The first device determines the number and / or location of the first signal in the first transmission based on the first information, including at least one of the following: If frequency hopping is present in the first transmission, the first device determines that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one; If frequency hopping exists in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, the first device determines that the number of the first signal in the first transmission is at least one. If there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission, the first device determines that the number of preambles in the first transmission is one; If there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission, the first device determines that the number of preambles and the number of postambles in the first transmission are both one. In the case that there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, the first device determines that the data of other repeated transmissions in the first transmission, excluding the first transmission, includes the transmission of midamble. If there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, the first device determines that the data of the other repeated transmissions in the first transmission, excluding the last transmission, includes the transmission of midamble.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, If frequency hopping is present in the first transmission, and the first device determines that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one, the first device performs the transmission of the first signal based on the number of the first signals and / or the position of the first signals, including at least one of the following: The first device transmits a preamble before a set of transmitted data at each frequency point; The first device transmits a preamble before the initial data transmission; The first device transmits a midamble before a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point after the first frequency point; The first device transmits a midamble after a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point before the last frequency point; The first device transmits the postamble after the last transmitted data; The first device transmits a postamble after a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein, If frequency hopping is present in the first transmission, and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, and the first device determines that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one, the first device performs the transmission of the first signal based on the number of the first signals and / or the position of the first signals, including at least one of the following: The first device transmits a preamble before each data transmission; The first device transmits a preamble before a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point; The first device transmits a preamble before the initial data transmission; The first device transmits a midamble before a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point after the first frequency point; The first device transmits a midamble after a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point before the last frequency point; The first device transmits the postamble after the last transmitted data; The first device transmits a postamble after each data transmission; The first device transmits a postamble after a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first information includes whether a time interval exists in the first transmission. The first device determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on the first information, including at least one of the following: If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets a first preset threshold, the first device determines that the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions includes a preamble. If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission, or if the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the first preset threshold, the first device determines that the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions includes midmable. If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the first preset threshold, the first device determines that the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions includes postamble. If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission, or if the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the first preset threshold, the first device determines that the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions includes midmable. If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets a second preset threshold, the first device determines that the preamble is not included before the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions. If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the second preset threshold, the first device determines that the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions does not include midmable. If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the second preset threshold, the first device determines that the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions does not include postamble. If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission, or if the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the second preset threshold, the first device determines that the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions does not include midmable.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first information includes the repetition mode of the second signal. The first device determines the number of the first signal and / or the position of the first signal in the first transmission based on the first information, including any one of the following: When the repetition transmission mode of the second signal is signal block-level repetition transmission, the first device determines that the number of the first signal in the first transmission is at least one; When the repetition transmission mode of the second signal is signal block-level repetition transmission, the first device determines that the number of preambles and the number of postambles included in the first transmission are both one; If the repetition transmission mode of the second signal is either no repetition transmission or bit-level repetition transmission, the first device determines that the number of preambles included in the first transmission is one. When the repetition transmission mode of the second signal is either no repetition transmission or bit-level repetition transmission, the first device determines that the number of preambles and the number of postambles included in the first transmission are both one. When the repetitive transmission mode of the second signal is repetitive transmission based on available resources, the first device determines that the number of the first signal in the first transmission is at least one.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, When the repetitive transmission mode of the second signal is signal block-level repetitive transmission, and the first device determines that the number of the first signal in the first transmission is at least one, the first device performs the transmission of the first signal according to the number of the first signal and / or the position of the first signal, including at least one of the following: The first device transmits a preamble before each data transmission; The first device transmits a preamble before the initial data transmission; The first device transmits the postamble after the last transmitted data; The first device transmits a postamble after each data transmission; The first device transmits a midamble before the data in each subsequent transmission after the initial transmission; The first device transmits midamble after each transmission of data prior to the last transmission.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The resources available for A-IoT transmission are determined based on the resources allocated by the network-side devices for A-IoT transmission between the read / write devices and the response devices.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first information includes the type of the responding device, and the first device determines the number of first signals and / or the location of the first signals in the first transmission based on the first information, including at least one of the following: In the case where the first device is a first type of response device, the first device determines the transmission of the preamble before the data of the first transmission in the first transmission; When the first device is a second type of response device, the first device determines that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one; When the first device is a response device and the read / write device communicating with the first device via A-IoT is a network-side device, the first device determines that the data transmitted in the first transmission includes a preamble transmission.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first information includes the type of the read / write device. The first device determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on the first information, including at least one of the following: When the first device is a first type of read / write device, the first device determines that the data transmitted in the first transmission includes a preamble transmission before the data transmitted in the first transmission. When the first device is a second type of read / write device, the first device determines that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one; When the first device is a read / write device and the responding device communicating with the first device via A-IoT is a first type of responding device, the first device determines that the data transmitted in the first transmission includes a preamble transmission.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first information includes the number of repetitions of the second signal. The first device determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signal in the first transmission based on the first information, including at least one of the following: If the number of repetitions is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the first device determines that the number of preambles in the first transmission is one; If the number of repetitions exceeds the preset threshold, the first device determines that the number of preambles in the first transmission is at least one.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first information includes the transmission length of the second signal. The first device determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on the first information, including any one of the following: When the second signal is a repeated transmission, and the repeated transmission is a signal block-level repeated transmission, the first device determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signal in the first transmission based on the transmission length of a single transmission of the second signal. The first device determines the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on the total transmission length of the second signal.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein, The transmission length of the second signal includes at least one of the following: The transmission length of the data portion of the second signal; The transmission length of the control signaling portion of the second signal.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein, In cases where the first signal includes a preamble and / or a postamble, the preamble and / or postamble transmitted at different locations in the first transmission may be the same or different.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The preamble and / or postamble transmitted at different locations in the first transmission may be the same or different, including at least one of the following: The preamble preceding data that is not transmitted for the first time is a portion of the preamble preceding data that is transmitted for the first time. The postamble following data that is not the last transmitted data is the part of the postamble following the last transmitted data. The preamble sequences preceding at least two data transmissions are different; The postamble sequences following at least two data transmissions are different.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first instruction includes at least one of the following: preamble; The scheduling information for the PDRCH transmission is scheduled; The scheduling information for scheduling the transmission of the PRDCH; Interface messages between the network-side device and the first device.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1-17, wherein, The number of first signals in the first transmission is a predefined unique number, and / or the position of the first signal in the first transmission is a predefined unique position; or, The number of first signals in the first transmission is one of a predefined number or a candidate number configured by the network-side device or the first device, and / or the position of the first signal in the first transmission is one of a predefined position or a candidate position configured by the network-side device or the first device.

19. A signal transmission device applied to a first device, the device comprising: A determining module is configured to determine the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission based on first information, wherein the first transmission includes D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission, and the first device is a response device or a read / write device. A transmission module is configured to transmit the first signal based on the number of the first signal and / or the position of the first signal; The first information includes at least one of the following: Does frequency hopping occur during the first transmission? Does a time interval exist in the first transmission? The second signal is transmitted repeatedly. The type of the second signal; The transmission length of the second signal; The data transmission rate of the second signal; The data size of the second signal; The number of repetitions of the second signal; Resources that can be used for A-IoT transmission; The type of the response device; The type of the read / write device; A first indication, wherein the first indication is used to indicate the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission; The first signal includes at least one of preamble, midamble, and postamble; The second signal includes at least one of PDRCH and PRDCH.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein, In the case that the first transmission is a D2R transmission based on CW back reflection, the frequency hopping is CW frequency hopping; And / or, When the first transmission is a D2R transmission, the frequency hopping is a frequency hopping based on the frequency shift of a line code or a square wave; And / or, In the case where the first transmission is a D2R transmission based on an internally generated signal, the frequency hopping is a frequency hopping based on a change in the frequency position of the baseband signal, or the frequency hopping is a frequency hopping based on a change in the frequency position of the generated carrier.

21. The apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, wherein, The first information includes whether frequency hopping exists in the first transmission, and the determining module is further configured to perform at least one of the following: If frequency hopping exists in the first transmission, the number of first signals in the first transmission is determined to be at least one; If frequency hopping exists in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, it is determined that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one. If there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission, the number of preambles in the first transmission is determined to be one; If there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission, the number of preambles and postambles in the first transmission are both determined to be one. In the case where there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, it is determined that the data of other repeated transmissions in the first transmission, excluding the first transmission, include the transmission of midamble. If there is no frequency hopping in the first transmission and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, the transmission of midamble is included after determining the data of other repeated transmissions in the first transmission except for the last transmission.

22. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein, If frequency hopping exists in the first transmission, and the determining module determines that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one, the transmission module is configured to perform at least one of the following: A preamble is transmitted before the set of data to be transmitted at each frequency point; Transmit the preamble before the first transmitted data; The midamble is transmitted before the set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point after the first frequency point; The midamble is transmitted after a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point before the last frequency point; Transmit the postamble after the last transmitted data; A postamble is transmitted after a set of transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point.

23. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein, If frequency hopping exists in the first transmission, and the repeated transmission of PDRCH is a signal block-level repeated transmission, and the determining module determines that the number of first signals in the first transmission is at least one, the transmission module is configured to perform at least one of the following: Transmit a preamble before each data transmission; Transmit a preamble before a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point; Transmit the preamble before the first transmitted data; The midamble is transmitted before a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point after the first frequency point; The midamble is transmitted after a set of repeated data transmitted for each frequency point before the last frequency point; Transmit the postamble after the last transmitted data; Transmit a postamble after each data transmission; A postamble is transmitted after a set of repeatedly transmitted data corresponding to each frequency point.

24. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein, The first information includes whether a time interval exists during the first transmission, and the determining module is further configured to perform at least one of the following: If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission, or if the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets a first preset threshold, then it is determined that the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions includes a preamble. If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission, or if the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the first preset threshold, then it is determined that the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions includes midmable. If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the first preset threshold, then the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions is determined to include postamble. If there is a time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission, or if the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the first preset threshold, then the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions is determined to include midmable. If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets a second preset threshold, it is determined that the preamble is not included before the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions. If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the second preset threshold, it is determined that the second transmission in the two adjacent transmissions does not include midmable. If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission or the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the second preset threshold, it is determined that the postamble is not included after the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions. If there is no time interval between two adjacent transmissions in the first transmission, or if the time interval between two adjacent transmissions meets the second preset threshold, then it is determined that the first transmission in the two adjacent transmissions does not include midmable.

25. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein, The first information includes the repetition mode of the second signal, and the determining module is further configured to perform any of the following: When the repetitive transmission mode of the second signal is signal block-level repetitive transmission, it is determined that the number of the first signal in the first transmission is at least one; When the repetition transmission mode of the second signal is signal block-level repetition transmission, it is determined that the number of preambles and the number of postambles included in the first transmission are both one. If the repetition transmission method of the second signal is either no repetition transmission or bit-level repetition transmission, the number of preambles included in the first transmission is determined to be one. If the repetition transmission method of the second signal is either no repetition transmission or bit-level repetition transmission, then the number of preambles and the number of postambles included in the first transmission are both determined to be one. When the repetitive transmission mode of the second signal is repetitive transmission based on available resources, the first device determines that the number of the first signal in the first transmission is at least one.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein, When the repetition transmission mode of the second signal is signal block-level repetition transmission, and the determining module determines that the number of the first signal in the first transmission is at least one, the transmission module is configured to perform at least one of the following: Transmit a preamble before each data transmission; Transmit the preamble before the first transmitted data; Transmit the postamble after the last transmitted data; Transmit a postamble after each data transmission; The midamble is transmitted before the data in each subsequent transmission after the initial transmission; The midamble is transmitted after each transmission of data prior to the last transmission.

27. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein, The resources available for A-IoT transmission are determined based on the resources allocated by the network-side devices for A-IoT transmission between the read / write devices and the response devices.

28. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein, The first information includes the transmission length of the second signal, and the determining module is used for any of the following: When the second signal is a repeated transmission, and the repeated transmission is a signal block-level repeated transmission, the number of first signals and / or the position of the first signal in the first transmission are determined according to the transmission length of a single transmission of the second signal. The number of first signals and / or the position of the first signals in the first transmission are determined based on the total transmission length of the second signal.

29. A terminal comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 1-18.

30. A network-side device, comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 1-18.

31. A readable storage medium storing a program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the signal transmission method as described in any one of claims 1-18.

32. A computer program product stored in a storage medium, the computer program product being executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the signal transmission method as claimed in any one of claims 1-18.

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