Battery management system and battery management method

Abstract

A battery management system and a battery management method are provided. A battery management system according to the present invention comprises: a sensing unit that obtains charging situation information of a battery pack; a control unit that determines a target cooling level on the basis of the charging situation information; and a communication unit that transmits, to a battery cooling device, a cooling control request indicating the target cooling level.

Description

Battery Management System and Battery Management Method

[0001] The present invention relates to a cooling control technology for preventing prolonged charging caused by overheating of a battery pack while charging.

[0002] This application is a priority application for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0155533 filed on November 5, 2024 and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2025-0163475 filed on November 3, 2025, and all contents disclosed in the specification and drawings of said applications are incorporated into this application by reference.

[0003] Recently, as the demand for portable electronic products such as laptops, video cameras, and mobile phones has increased rapidly, and the development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, and satellites has accelerated, research on high-performance batteries capable of repeated charging and discharging is actively underway.

[0004] Currently commercialized batteries include nickel-cadmium, nickel-hydrogen, nickel-zinc, and lithium batteries. Among these, lithium batteries are gaining attention for their advantages, such as the ability to freely charge and discharge with almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries, a very low self-discharge rate, and high energy density.

[0005] Various rapid charging technologies are being utilized to reduce the charging time of electric vehicle battery packs. Since the temperature of the battery pack tends to rise sharply during rapid charging, there is a high need to simultaneously cool the battery pack during charging.

[0006] For cooling battery packs, a method is generally employed in which refrigerant is supplied to the inlet of a cooling network configured in the form of tubes, and the temperature of the refrigerant discharged through the outlet is lowered as it passes through the network before being recirculated to the inlet of the cooling network. However, conventional cooling methods maintain the flow rate and / or temperature of the refrigerant only at a constant, predetermined fixed value.

[0007] According to conventional methods, the cooling intensity is insufficient to sufficiently cool the battery pack, so there is a high possibility that the battery pack will overheat even during refrigerant circulation. In addition, if the temperature of the battery pack exceeds a predetermined threshold, safety measures, such as forcibly reducing the charging speed, may be automatically executed to protect the battery pack from severe thermal damage, performance degradation, and fire hazards. If the charging speed is reduced, the charging time of the battery pack is inevitably extended.

[0008] The present invention is devised to solve the above-mentioned problems and aims to provide a battery management system and a battery management method capable of adaptively increasing or decreasing cooling intensity according to the state of a battery pack being charged (e.g., pack temperature, pack SOC, ambient temperature).

[0009] Other objects and advantages of the present invention may be understood from the following description and will become more clearly apparent from the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, it will be readily apparent that the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by the means and combinations thereof set forth in the claims.

[0010] A battery management system according to one aspect of the present invention includes a sensing unit for acquiring charging status information of a battery pack, a control unit for determining a target cooling intensity based on the charging status information, and a communication unit for transmitting a cooling control request indicating the target cooling intensity to a battery cooling device.

[0011] The sensing unit can monitor the charging status information while the battery pack is being charged according to a multi-stage constant current charging protocol.

[0012] The above target cooling intensity may include a target value for at least one of the flow rate and temperature of the refrigerant supplied by the battery cooling device.

[0013] The control unit may be configured to select one of a plurality of cooling control maps associated with a plurality of ambient temperature ranges based on the ambient temperature indicated by the charging status information. The control unit may determine the target cooling intensity by inputting the pack temperature and pack SOC indicated by the charging status information into the selected cooling control map.

[0014] Each of the above plurality of cooling control maps may be a lookup table including a plurality of target cooling intensities according to a combination of a plurality of pack SOC ranges and a plurality of pack temperature ranges.

[0015] At least one of the above multiple target cooling intensities may be greater than the reference cooling intensity.

[0016] Among the plurality of target cooling intensities, at least one target cooling intensity associated with a pack temperature range below a predetermined decay temperature may be greater than a reference cooling intensity. Among the plurality of target cooling intensities, all target cooling intensities associated with a pack temperature range greater than the decay temperature may be greater than the reference cooling intensity.

[0017] The cooling control range of the cooling control map associated with a relatively high ambient temperature range among the plurality of cooling control maps may be expanded or strengthened compared to the cooling control range of the cooling control map associated with a relatively low ambient temperature range among the plurality of cooling control maps.

[0018] A battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention includes the battery management system.

[0019] An electric vehicle according to another aspect of the present invention includes the battery pack and a battery cooling device provided for cooling the battery pack.

[0020] A battery management method according to another aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of obtaining charging status information of a battery pack, determining a target cooling intensity based on the charging status information, and transmitting a cooling control request indicating the target cooling intensity to a battery cooling device.

[0021] The step of determining the target cooling intensity may include: selecting one of a plurality of cooling control maps associated with a plurality of ambient temperature ranges based on the ambient temperature indicated by the charging status information; and inputting the pack temperature and pack SOC indicated by the charging status information into the selected cooling control map to determine the target cooling intensity.

[0022] Each of the above plurality of cooling control maps may include a plurality of target cooling intensities according to a combination of a plurality of pack SOC ranges and a plurality of pack temperature ranges.

[0023] Among the plurality of target cooling intensities, at least one target cooling intensity associated with a pack temperature range below a predetermined decay temperature may be greater than a reference cooling intensity. Among the plurality of target cooling intensities, all target cooling intensities associated with a pack temperature range greater than the decay temperature may be greater than the reference cooling intensity.

[0024] The cooling control range of the cooling control map associated with a relatively high ambient temperature range among the plurality of cooling control maps may be expanded or strengthened compared to the cooling control range of the cooling control map associated with a relatively low ambient temperature range among the plurality of cooling control maps.

[0025] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the cooling intensity (e.g., flow rate and / or temperature of the refrigerant) can be adaptively increased or decreased in accordance with the state of the battery pack being charged (e.g., pack temperature, pack SOC, ambient temperature). Accordingly, the overheating of the battery pack can be prevented in advance. Furthermore, the frequency of forced reduction in the charging speed is reduced, thereby effectively preventing the prolonged charging time.

[0026] The effects of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description in the claims.

[0027] The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention and serve to further enhance understanding of the technical concept of the present invention together with the detailed description of the invention provided below; therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited only to the matters described in such drawings.

[0028] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an electric vehicle including a battery management system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 is a drawing referenced to explain an example of the coupling relationship between the battery block and the sensing unit shown in Figure 1.

[0030] Figure 3 is a diagram referenced to schematically illustrate an example of the coupling relationship between a battery pack and a cooling network.

[0031] Figures 4 and 5 are reference drawings used to schematically illustrate an example of the coupling relationship between a cooling network and a cooling circulation unit.

[0032] Figure 6 is a diagram referenced to explain an example of charging status information of a battery pack during charging.

[0033] Figure 7 is a diagram referenced to explain another example of charging status information of a battery pack during charging.

[0034] Figure 8 is a diagram referenced to explain another example of charging status information of a battery pack during charging.

[0035] FIGS. 9 to 11 are drawings referenced to illustrate exemplary cooling control maps according to the present invention.

[0036] FIG. 12 is a flowchart referenced to schematically explain a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] FIG. 13 is a flowchart referenced to illustrate an example of a set of routines that may be included in step S1220 of FIG. 12.

[0038] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, terms and words used in this specification and claims should not be interpreted as being limited to their ordinary or dictionary meanings, and should be interpreted in a meaning and concept consistent with the technical spirit of the present invention, based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concept of the terms to best describe his invention.

[0039] Therefore, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention; thus, it should be understood that various equivalents and modifications that can replace them may exist at the time of filing this application.

[0040] Terms including ordinal numbers, such as first, second, etc., are used for the purpose of distinguishing one of the various components from the rest, and are not used to limit the components by such terms.

[0041] Throughout the specification, when a part is described as "comprising" a certain component, this means that, unless specifically stated otherwise, it does not exclude other components but may include additional components. Furthermore, terms such as "<unit>" as used in the specification refer to a unit that performs at least one function or operation and may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0042] Additionally, throughout the specification, when it is said that a part is "connected" to another part, this includes not only cases where they are "directly connected," but also cases where they are "indirectly connected" with other components in between.

[0043] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an electric vehicle including a battery management system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Referring to FIG. 1, the electric vehicle (1) may include a battery pack (10), a relay (20), a vehicle controller (2), a power converter (30), an electric load (40), a battery management system (100), and a battery cooling device (200). The electric vehicle (1) may further include peripheral devices (50).

[0045] The battery pack (10) comprises a plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BB N , N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2), includes a first charge / discharge terminal (P1) and a second charge / discharge terminal (P2).

[0046] In this specification, a plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BB N In explaining the contents common to each, the symbol 'BB' or 'BB' for the battery block k It is decided to assign '. k is a natural number less than or equal to N.

[0047] Multiple battery blocks (BB1~BB N) can be connected to each other in series, parallel, or a combination of series and parallel between the first charge / discharge terminal (P1) and the second charge / discharge terminal (P2).

[0048] A battery block (BB) may include a single battery module or two or more battery modules. If the battery block (BB) includes multiple battery modules, the multiple battery modules may be connected in series, parallel, or a combination of series and parallel.

[0049] Each battery module may include at least one battery cell (BC). If a battery module includes multiple battery cells (BC), the multiple battery cells (BC) may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a combination of series and parallel.

[0050] That is, the battery block (BB) may refer to a single battery cell (BC), or alternatively, may refer to a collection of two or more battery cells (BC).

[0051] In this specification, a battery cell (BC) refers to a basic unit of a storage element capable of independent charging and discharging, and is not particularly limited as long as it is rechargeable, such as a lithium-ion cell, for example.

[0052] A relay (20) is installed in a power line connecting a battery pack (10) and a charging / discharging terminal (P1, P2). In FIG. 1, the relay (20) is illustrated as being connected between the positive terminal of the battery pack (10) and the charging / discharging terminal (P1), but an additional relay (20) connected between the negative terminal of the battery pack (10) and the charging / discharging terminal (P2) may be further included in the electric vehicle (1). The relay (20) is turned on / off in response to a switching signal from a battery management system (100) or a vehicle controller (2). According to one embodiment of the present invention, the relay (20) may be a mechanical contactor that is turned on / off by the magnetic force of a coil, or a semiconductor switch such as a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor).

[0053] The battery management system (100) includes a control unit (120). The battery management system (100) may further include at least one of a sensing unit (110) and a communication unit (130).

[0054] While the battery pack (10) is being charged, the sensing unit (110) detects a plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BB) of the battery pack (10). N ) Generates charging status information representing each state.

[0055] The sensing unit (110) comprises a plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BB N Each of at least one state parameter can be measured periodically or non-periodically, and charging status information representing each measured state parameter can be provided to the control unit (120).

[0056] Battery Block (BB) k The state parameters of ) are the battery block (BB kIt may represent the temperature of the battery block (BB) (which may be referred to as 'block temperature'), the cell voltage of each battery cell (BC) included in the battery block (BB), or a secondary parameter (e.g., amount of change, rate of change) that can be derived through the application of a mathematical function therefrom. Of course, in addition to this, the battery block (BB k If it can directly or indirectly indicate the degree of thermal abnormality of ), the type of state parameter is not particularly limited.

[0057] The ambient temperature sensor (111) is configured to measure the ambient temperature of the battery pack (10) and generate a temperature signal indicating the measured ambient temperature. The ambient temperature may be the temperature at a predetermined location spaced apart from the battery pack (10).

[0058] A current sensor (A) is installed in a power line connecting the battery pack (10) and the charging / discharging terminals (P1, P2) to measure the current flowing through the battery pack (10).

[0059] An outside temperature sensor (111) and a current sensor (A) may be included in the sensing unit (110).

[0060] The control unit (120) can be implemented in hardware using at least one of ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), DSPs (digital signal processors), DSPDs (digital signal processing devices), PLDs (programmable logic devices), FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), microprocessors, and other electrical units for performing functions.

[0061] The control unit (120) is operably coupled to the sensing unit (110), the communication unit (130), the vehicle controller (2) and / or the battery cooling device (200), etc. The fact that the two components are operably coupled means that the two components are connected so that signals can be transmitted and received in one direction or both directions.

[0062] The control unit (120) may have a memory device. The memory device may include at least one type of storage medium among flash memory type, hard disk type, SSD type (Solid State Disk type), SSD type (Silicon Disk Drive type), multimedia card micro type, RAM (random access memory; RAM), SRAM (static random access memory), ROM (read-only memory; ROM), EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), and PROM (programmable read-only memory). The memory device may store instructions, data, and / or programs required for an operation performed by the control unit (120) (e.g., at least one step of the battery cooling control method according to FIG. 12). The memory device may store data representing the result of an operation performed by the control unit (120). The control unit (120) may include one or more memory devices and one or more processors. The control unit (120) may be an independent device that can be manufactured, used, and / or sold separately from other components of the battery management system (100), and may be referred to as a 'battery controller', etc.

[0063] The control unit (120), based on the status data received from the sensing unit (110), has a plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BBN ) It can determine whether each one is abnormal. The control unit (120) can determine whether there is an abnormality in each of the plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BB N If at least one of ) is diagnosed as abnormal, it is configured to perform at least one safety operation for the battery pack (10).

[0064] The safety operation may include turn-off control of the relay (20). The safety operation may include battery cooling control, which will be described later.

[0065] The power converter (30) may include at least one of a DC-AC inverter and a DC-DC converter. The power converter (30) may convert direct current power (discharge power) supplied from the battery pack (10) into alternating current power and supply it to an electric load (40) during the discharge of the battery pack (10). The electric load (40) may include a three-phase alternating current motor that generates kinetic energy for driving the electric vehicle (1).

[0066] The charging status information may indicate one or more of the ambient temperature, pack temperature, and pack SOC (or pack voltage). The pack temperature is a plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BB N It can indicate the highest block temperature of ).

[0067] The SOC of a battery block (BB) is the ratio of the remaining capacity to the maximum capacity (FCC: Full Charge Capacity) of the battery block (BB), and is typically expressed in the range of 0 to 100% or 0 to 1. The remaining capacity represents the amount of charge currently stored in the battery block (BB).

[0068] When a battery block (BB) contains a set of multiple battery cells (BC), the SOC of the battery block (BB) may be determined based on the SOC of at least one of the multiple battery cells (BC) included therein. For example, the maximum SOC or minimum SOC of the multiple battery cells (BC) may be determined as the SOC of the battery block (BB). For another example, the average SOC of two or more of the multiple battery cells (BC) may be determined as the SOC of the battery block (BB). Since the SOC of the battery cells (BC) can be estimated from one or more combinations of various known techniques, a specific description is omitted. For the purpose of clear distinction of terms, the SOC of the battery cells (BC) may be referred to as 'cell SOC', the SOC of the battery block (BB) as 'block SOC', and the SOC of the battery pack (10) as 'pack SOC'.

[0069] The communication unit (130) includes at least one communication circuit that supports wired or wireless communication between the control unit (120), the vehicle controller (2), the peripheral device (50), and / or the battery cooling device (200). Wired communication may be, for example, CAN (controller area network) communication, and wireless communication may be, for example, Zeegbee or Bluetooth communication. Of course, as long as wired or wireless communication is supported, the type of communication protocol is not specifically limited to the examples listed above.

[0070] The peripheral device (50) may include vehicle sensor(s) that measure at least one parameter (e.g., vehicle speed, etc.) related to the state of the electric vehicle (1). The peripheral device (50) may include an output device (e.g., display, speaker) that provides information received from the control unit (120) and / or the vehicle controller (2) in a form recognizable by the user. The peripheral device (50) may be driven using direct current power or alternating current power supplied from the power converter (30).

[0071] Although the battery pack (10) and the battery management system (100) are shown as physically independent in FIG. 1, the battery management system (100) may be included as a sub-component of the battery pack (10). At least one of the sensing unit (110) and the communication unit (130) may be included as a sub-component of the battery pack (10) instead of the battery management system (100).

[0072] The battery cooling device (200) may be provided for cooling the battery pack (10). The battery cooling device (200) includes a cooling network (210) and a refrigerant circulation unit (220).

[0073] As a refrigerant, any one or more combinations of known substances that produce a cooling effect, such as water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and non-conductive liquids, may be used. Preferably, in addition to the cooling effect, any one or more combinations of known substances that are non-flammable and / or non-combustible may be used as a refrigerant.

[0074] The cooling network (210) is formed such that, while the flow of refrigerant occurs through a refrigerant path formed therein, a plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BB N It may be a structure provided to enable individual heat exchange with ).

[0075] The control unit (120) controls the refrigerant circulation unit (220) according to charging status information. The control unit (120) controlling the refrigerant circulation unit (220) should be understood as a concept that includes not only direct control of the refrigerant circulation unit (220) but also the function of requesting the vehicle controller (2) to control the refrigerant circulation unit (220).

[0076] The electrical energy required to operate the battery cooling device (200) can be provided from the battery pack (10). For example, a separate voltage regulator (not shown) coupled to the battery pack (10) can generate a power voltage using the electrical energy of the battery pack (10) and then supply it to the battery cooling device (200), and each component of the battery cooling device (200) can be activated by the power voltage.

[0077] FIG. 2 is a drawing referenced to explain an example of the coupling relationship between the battery block and the sensing unit illustrated in FIG. 1. For convenience of explanation, FIG. 2 shows a plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BB) included in a battery pack (10). N Among ), the battery block (BB k Only ) was depicted.

[0078] Referring to FIG. 2, the sensing unit (110) is a battery block (BB k The sensing circuit (SB) provided to ) k ...includes ). Accordingly, the sensing unit (110) includes a plurality of sensing circuits (SB1~SB N Those skilled in the art will easily understand that it may include ).

[0079] Sensing circuit (SB) k ) includes a block temperature sensor (TS) and may further include a voltage detection circuit (VS).

[0080] The block temperature sensor (TS) is the battery block (BB k Attached to the outer surface of ) or battery block (BB k It is installed at a predetermined point spaced apart from ), and the battery block (BB k Measures the temperature of the (i.e., block temperature). The block temperature sensor (TS) measures the temperature of the battery block (BB k A temperature signal indicating the temperature of ) can be generated, and the control unit (120) can collect the temperature signal of the block temperature sensor (TS).

[0081] The voltage detection circuit (VS) includes at least one voltage sensor. The voltage detection circuit (VS) includes a battery block (BB k The module voltage of ) can be measured. The module voltage is, battery block (BB k It is the voltage between the two ends of ). The voltage detection circuit (VS) also includes the battery block (BB k The cell voltage of each battery cell (BC) included in ) can be further measured. The cell voltage is the voltage across the terminals of the battery cell (BC). The voltage detection circuit (VS) is the battery block (BB k A voltage signal is generated representing the module voltage of ) and the cell voltage of each battery cell (BC), and the control unit (120) can collect the voltage signal of the voltage detection circuit (VS).

[0082] Figure 3 is a diagram referenced to schematically illustrate an example of the coupling relationship between a battery pack and a cooling network.

[0083] Referring to FIG. 3, the battery pack (10) comprises a plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BB N It includes ) and may further include a pack case (PC).

[0084] As illustrated in FIG. 3, the pack case (PC) comprises a plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BB N It provides an internal space where ) can be accommodated.

[0085] The pack case (PC) includes a bottom frame and a side frame, and may further include a partition frame. The side frame and the partition frame may be positioned perpendicular to the bottom frame along the Y-axis. The side frame may form a wall along the outer perimeter of the bottom frame. The space defined by the bottom frame and the side frame may be divided into a plurality of sub-spaces by at least one partition frame. A plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BB) in the plurality of sub-spaces N ) can be arranged individually.

[0086] The cooling network (210) is a refrigerant channel (CC A ) and refrigerant channels (CC B It includes at least one of ). In the following, the refrigerant channel (CC) A ) and refrigerant channels (CC B We will continue the explanation assuming that both are included in the cooling network (210).

[0087] Refrigerant Channel (CC) A ) and refrigerant channels (CC B ) can be arranged to face each other on both sides of the battery pack (10). For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the battery pack (10) has a refrigerant channel (CC) with respect to the Z-axis. A ) and refrigerant channels (CC B It can be positioned to be interposed between ). That is, refrigerant channels (CC A ) is physically coupled or in contact with the pack case (PC) and / or battery blocks at the top of the pack case (PC), and the refrigerant channel (CC B ) can be physically coupled or in contact with the pack case (PC) and / or battery blocks at the bottom of the pack case (PC).

[0088] Refrigerant Channel (CC) A ) and refrigerant channels (CC B Each of ) has an entrance (IL) prepared therein A , IL B ) and exit(OL A , OL B It can be a passageway through which refrigerant can flow.

[0089] Refrigerant Channel (CC) A ) may have a predetermined pattern passing through the upper part of a plurality of sub-sections formed within the pack case (PC). Refrigerant channel (CC) B ) may have a predetermined pattern passing through the lower part of a plurality of sub-sections formed within the pack case (PC). In FIG. 3, the refrigerant channel (CC) A ) and refrigerant channels (CC BEach is exemplified as having a zigzag or wavy shape.

[0090] The pack case (PC) is the first cover (CV A ) and the second cover (CV B It may further include at least one of ). The first cover (CV A ) is a refrigerant channel (CC A It is positioned on the upper part of ), and the second cover (CV ㅠ ) is a refrigerant channel (CC B It can be placed at the bottom of ). In addition, the first cover (CV A The edge portion of ) is physically joined to the upper edge of the side frame, and the second cover (CV ㅠ The edge portion of ) can be physically joined to the lower edge of the side frame. That is, the refrigerant channel (CC A ) and refrigerant channels (CC B ) can be accommodated inside the pack case (PC) together with battery blocks, and accordingly, a redundant cooling structure can be formed.

[0091] Figures 4 and 5 are reference drawings used to schematically illustrate an example of the coupling relationship between a cooling network and a cooling circulation unit.

[0092] Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the refrigerant circulation unit (220) comprises a refrigerant channel (CC A Refrigerant circulation and refrigerant channels (CC) in ) B It is provided to individually induce or block refrigerant circulation in ).

[0093] The refrigerant circulation section (220) is a refrigerant channel (CC A ) entrance(IL A Refrigerant is introduced through the ) and the refrigerant channel (CC A ) exit(OL A It can accommodate refrigerant leaking through the refrigerant channel (CC). B The same applies to ).

[0094] As shown in FIG. 4, the refrigerant channel (CC) A ) and refrigerant channels (CC B ) can be spaced horizontally apart from each other with respect to the XY plane. Refrigerant channels (CC A ) and refrigerant channels (CC B In the space along the Y-axis direction between ), a pack case (PC) and a plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BB) seated thereon N ) can be placed.

[0095] The refrigerant circulation unit (220) includes a refrigerant tank (231) and a chiller (232), and a pump (CP A ) and pump (CP B It may include at least one more of ).

[0096] The refrigerant circulation unit (220) is an inlet valve (IV A ), inlet valve (IV B ), outlet valve (OV A ) and outlet valve (OV B It may include at least one more of ).

[0097] The refrigerant circulation unit (220) is an inlet sensor (IS A ), inlet sensor (IS B ), outlet sensor (OS A ) and outlet sensor(OS B It may include at least one more of ).

[0098] The refrigerant tank (231) is a refrigerant channel (CC A ) and refrigerant channels (CC B ) Each exit (OL A , OL B The refrigerant leaking from the ) can be stored, and the stored refrigerant can be supplied to the chiller (232). That is, the refrigerant channel (CC) A ) and refrigerant channels (CC B The refrigerant that has absorbed heat from at least one battery block (BB) while flowing through each of them flows into the chiller (232) via the refrigerant tank (231).

[0099] The chiller (232) lowers the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into it and supplies it to the pump. The chiller (232) can adjust the temperature of the refrigerant according to the target refrigerant temperature.

[0100] Pump (CP) A ) is a refrigerant channel (CC A ) entrance(IL A It can be installed on the ) side. Pump (CP A During the operation of ), the refrigerant is in the refrigerant channel (CC A ) entrance(IL A It is supplied via ). Unlike what is described, the pump (CP A ) is a refrigerant channel (CC A ) exit(OL A It can be installed on the ) side. In this case, the pump (CP A During the operation of ), the refrigerant is in the refrigerant channel (CC A ) exit(OL A It flows out from the refrigerant tank (231).

[0101] Pump (CP) B ) is a refrigerant channel (CC B ) entrance(IL B It can be installed on the ) side. Pump (CP B During the operation of ), the refrigerant is in the refrigerant channel (CC B ) entrance(IL B It is supplied via ). Unlike what is described, the pump (CP B ) is a refrigerant channel (CC B ) exit(OL B It can be installed on the ) side. In this case, the pump (CP B During the operation of ), the refrigerant is in the refrigerant channel (CC B ) exit(OL B It flows out from the refrigerant tank (231).

[0102] Pump (CP) A ) and pump (CP B ) can control the flow rate of the refrigerant according to the target refrigerant flow rate.

[0103] Inlet valve (IV) A ) is a refrigerant channel (CCA ) entrance(IL A It is installed on the ) side and, according to a command from the control unit (120), the refrigerant channel (CC) A ) entrance(IL A ) can be opened and closed.

[0104] Outlet valve (OV) A ) is a refrigerant channel (CC A ) exit(OL A It is installed on the ) side, and according to a command from the control unit (120), the outlet (OL) of the refrigerant channel A ) can be opened and closed.

[0105] Inlet valve (IV) B ) is a refrigerant channel (CC B ) entrance(IL B It is installed on the ) side and, according to a command from the control unit (120), the refrigerant channel (CC) B ) entrance(IL B ) can be opened and closed.

[0106] Outlet valve (OV) B ) is a refrigerant channel (CC B ) entrance(IL B It is installed on the ) side and, according to a command from the control unit (120), the refrigerant channel (CC) B ) exit(OL B ) can be opened and closed.

[0107] The aforementioned refrigerant tank (231), chiller (232), and pump (CP) A ), inlet valve (IV A ) and outlet valve (OV A Depending on the interaction of at least two of ), the refrigerant channel (CC A The circulation of the refrigerant in the ) is either occurring or being blocked. Likewise, the refrigerant tank (231), chiller (232), and pump (CP) B ), inlet valve (IV B ) and outlet valve (OV B Depending on the interaction of at least two of ), the refrigerant channel (CC B The circulation of the refrigerant in ) occurs or is blocked.

[0108] Inlet sensor (IS) A ) is, from the refrigerant circulation unit (220), the refrigerant channel (CC) A ) entrance(IL A The flow rate and temperature of the refrigerant supplied to ) can be measured.

[0109] Outlet Sensor (OS) A ) is a refrigerant channel (CC A ) exit(OL A The flow rate and / or temperature of the refrigerant flowing out from the refrigerant circulation unit (220) can be measured.

[0110] Inlet sensor (IS) B ) is, from the refrigerant circulation unit (220), the refrigerant channel (CC) B ) entrance(IL B The flow rate and / or temperature of the refrigerant supplied to ) can be measured.

[0111] Outlet Sensor (OS) B ) is a refrigerant channel (CC B ) exit(OL B The flow rate and / or temperature of the refrigerant flowing out from the refrigerant circulation unit (220) can be measured.

[0112] Sensors (IS A , OS A , IS B , OS B Each refrigerant parameter measured by at least one of ) may be notified to the vehicle controller (2) and / or control unit (120). The vehicle controller (2) and / or control unit (120) compares the flow rate and / or temperature indicated by each refrigerant parameter with the target cooling intensity, and the chiller (232), pump (CP A ) and pump (CP B The process of feedback controlling at least one of ) can be repeated during the charging of the battery pack (10).

[0113] With reference to FIGS. 3 to 5, the structure of the cooling network (210) described above should be understood as exemplary. That is, a plurality of battery blocks (BB1 to BB NThe structure of the cooling network (210) is not particularly limited as long as it is a structure capable of circulating a refrigerant for direct or indirect heat exchange with respect to ). For example, unlike as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, a plurality of battery blocks (BB1 to BB N N refrigerant channels can be individually provided for ).

[0114] FIG. 6 is a diagram referenced to explain an example of charging status information of a battery pack during charging. For better understanding, the explanation will assume a case in which the battery pack (10) is charged according to a multi-stage constant-current charging protocol while the ambient temperature (e.g., 25°C) is maintained at a constant level.

[0115] Referring to FIG. 6, the changes over time in the charge current and SOC of the battery pack (10) during charging can be observed.

[0116] Time t A is the starting point of charging, and the SOC of the battery pack (10) is exemplified as 0%. The SOC of the battery pack (10) is a plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BB N It can be determined based on at least one SOC among ). For example, a plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BB N The maximum SOC or minimum SOC of ) can be determined as the SOC of the battery pack (10). As another example, a plurality of battery blocks (BB1~BB N Two or more of the average SOCs can be determined as the SOC of the battery pack (10).

[0117] A multi-stage constant current charging protocol defines a correspondence between a plurality of current rates and a plurality of SOC values ​​for at least one ambient temperature range, i.e., a constant current charging pattern (600). A memory device may have constant current charging pattern data for at least one ambient temperature range pre-recorded. Specifically, as the SOC of the battery pack (10) increases from 0%, the current rate of the charging current may decrease in steps. In FIG. 6, four current rates I1, I2, I3, and I4 are illustrated as being supplied sequentially as charging currents for charging the battery pack (10).

[0118] Time t1 represents the transition time from I1 to I2, time t2 represents the transition time from I2 to I3, and time t3 represents the transition time from I3 to I4. Time t B is the end time of charging according to the multi-stage constant current charging protocol.

[0119] The SOC curve (610) shows the pattern of change of the SOC of the battery pack (10) by the constant current charging pattern (600).

[0120] Z cut-off is time t B This is the SOC of the battery pack (10). The SOC of the battery pack (10) is a predetermined cut-off SOC (Z cut-off When it reaches ) or when the voltage of the battery pack (10) reaches a predetermined cut-off voltage, charging according to the multi-stage constant current charging protocol may be terminated.

[0121] FIG. 7 is a reference drawing for explaining another example of charging status information of a battery pack during charging. FIG. 7 is described based on a case in which the battery pack (10) is charged by a constant current charging pattern (700) while an ambient temperature (e.g., 45°C) higher than the ambient temperature in FIG. 6 is maintained constant.

[0122] It is a widely known technical fact that the temperature of the battery pack (10) rises during charging. In addition, it takes anywhere from tens of minutes to several hours for the battery pack (10) to reach a fully charged state, and during this time, the ambient temperature can rise rapidly.

[0123] When a high ambient temperature acts in combination with a large amount of heat generated during charging, the temperature rise of the battery pack (10) may be accelerated, and if the temperature of the battery pack (10) is excessively high, problems such as shortening the lifespan and degrading the performance of the battery pack (10) may be accelerated.

[0124] Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the constant current charging pattern according to the ambient temperature. As shown in FIG. 7, current rates (I) according to the constant current charging pattern (700) 11 , I 21 , I 31 , I 41 ) may be smaller than the current rates (I1, I2, I3, I4) according to the constant current charging pattern (600). Therefore, the constant current charging pattern (700) is more effective than the constant current charging pattern (600) in suppressing the temperature rise of the battery pack (10).

[0125] The SOC curve (710) represents the pattern of change in the SOC of the battery pack (10) due to the constant current charging pattern (700). The charging end time t due to the constant current charging pattern (700). C The charging end time t according to the constant current charging pattern (600) B Following behind, this is time t A From time t B This is a natural result because the total current amount according to the constant current charging pattern (700) during the time up to is smaller than the total current amount according to the constant current charging pattern (600).

[0126] FIG. 8 is a reference drawing used to explain another example of charging status information of a battery pack during charging. FIG. 8 also describes a case in which the battery pack (10) is charged by a constant current charging pattern (600) while the same ambient temperature (e.g., 25°C) as in FIG. 6 is maintained constant.

[0127] Even if the constant current charging pattern (600) is selected based on the ambient temperature, the pack temperature of the battery pack (10) may reach a predetermined derating temperature during charging due to various causes.

[0128] The decay temperature may be lower than a predetermined critical temperature representing the maximum temperature at which charging and discharging of the battery pack (10) is permitted. When the pack temperature of the battery pack (10) reaches the critical temperature, charging and discharging of the battery pack (10) may be prohibited. The decay temperature may be used to secure a time margin for cooling the battery pack (10) before the pack temperature of the battery pack (10) reaches the critical temperature. For example, the critical temperature may be 60°C, and the decay temperature may be 55°C, which is lower than the critical temperature by a certain amount (e.g., 5°C).

[0129] In Fig. 8, time t S indicates the time when the pack temperature of the battery pack (10) reaches the attenuation temperature. The control unit (120) can immediately execute at least one safety function to suppress the temperature rise of the battery pack (10).

[0130] A power attenuation function may be executed as the above safety function on the condition that the pack temperature reaches the attenuation temperature. The power attenuation function may include a function to reduce the current rate of the charging current to a level lower than the current rate specified in the constant current charging pattern. For example, at time t SIn this case, the control unit (120) can change the current rate of the charging current to a current rate (I4) following the current rate (I3) instead of the current rate (I3) according to the constant current charging pattern (600). As another example, at time t S In this case, the control unit (120) can reduce the current rate (I3) according to the constant current charging pattern (600) to a value obtained by multiplying the current rate (I3) by a predetermined coefficient of less than 1. The current rate (I3) at time t S Since it decreases as it passes through, heat generation during charging can be reduced. Accordingly, the constant current charging pattern (600) is at time t S Based on this, it can be changed to a constant current charging pattern (601).

[0131] Time t D The SOC of the battery pack (10) during charging using the current rate (I4) is the cut-off SOC (Z cut-off This is the point in time when ) is reached. Consequently, the time interval during which charging using the current rate (I4) takes place is t3~t B from t S ~t D It can be expanded to.

[0132] The SOC curve (810) represents the pattern of change in the SOC of the battery pack (10) due to the constant current charging pattern (601). The two constant current charging patterns (600, 601) are at time t A from t S They coincide over the period up to. Likewise, the two SOC curves (800, 810) coincide at time t A from t S It coincides with the period up to. Time t S From then on, due to the decrease in the current rate, the SOC curve (810) has a gentler slope than the constant current SOC curve (610).

[0133] When compared to the situation described above with reference to FIG. 6, in the situation described with reference to FIG. 8, the SOC of the battery pack (10) is cut-off SOC (Z cut-offTime t until reaching ) B and time t D The disadvantage is that the charging period becomes prolonged by the time difference.

[0134] A plurality of cooling control maps may be stored in the memory device of the control unit (120). The plurality of cooling control maps may be individually associated with a plurality of ambient temperature ranges. The control unit (120) can prevent the aforementioned issue of prolonged charging period by performing cooling enhancement control that increases the cooling intensity using at least one of the plurality of cooling control maps before the pack temperature of the battery pack (10) reaches the decay temperature.

[0135] FIGS. 9 through 11 are drawings referenced to illustrate exemplary cooling control maps according to the present invention. Each cooling control map may be a two-dimensional lookup table in which correspondence relationships between pack temperature, pack SOC and target value are recorded, or a corresponding mathematical function.

[0136] For better understanding, Figures 9 through 11 illustrate that each cooling control map has 150 target values ​​recorded for 150 possible cases that can be combined from 10 pack temperature ranges and 15 pack SOC ranges.

[0137] The reference cooling intensity may represent a predetermined reference value among at least one of the refrigerant flow rate and the refrigerant temperature. The battery cooling device (200) may supply a refrigerant having the reference cooling intensity while in operation, when no request for cooling intensity is received from the battery management system (100). For example, the reference refrigerant flow rate (i.e., the reference value of the refrigerant flow rate) may be predetermined to 10 LPM (liter per minute), and the reference refrigerant temperature (i.e., the reference value of the refrigerant temperature) may be predetermined to 20°C.

[0138] In each cooling control map, a target value of 1 may represent a target cooling intensity equal to the reference cooling intensity, and each target value greater than 1 may represent a target cooling intensity enhanced compared to the reference cooling intensity. In each cooling control map, a set of grids where target cooling intensities greater than the reference cooling intensity (e.g., target values ​​greater than 1) are recorded may be referred to as a 'cooling control range'. For reference, the grids of the lookup data may refer to data storage locations where certain values ​​are recorded.

[0139] The control unit (120) can identify the ambient temperature, pack temperature, and pack SOC from the charging status information, select one cooling control map based on the ambient temperature, and select one target value associated with the pack temperature and pack SOC from the selected cooling control map.

[0140] The communication unit (130) can transmit a cooling control request to the battery cooling device (200) indicating a target cooling intensity (including a target value selected in a cooling control map) according to a command from the control unit (120). The battery cooling device (200) can adjust at least one of the flow rate and temperature of the refrigerant to the target cooling intensity in response to the cooling control request.

[0141] The battery cooling device (200) can determine at least one of the target refrigerant flow rate and the target refrigerant temperature by using the target value as a type of weight. The battery cooling device (200) can determine the target refrigerant flow rate by multiplying the target value of the target cooling intensity by the reference refrigerant flow rate. The battery cooling device (200) can determine the target refrigerant temperature by dividing the reference refrigerant temperature by the target value of the target cooling intensity. For example, if the target value included in the target cooling intensity is 1.1, the target refrigerant flow rate can be set to 10 × 1.1 LPM = 11 LPM, and the target refrigerant temperature can be set to 20 / 1.1℃.

[0142] The cooling control map (900) illustrated in FIG. 9 is one of a plurality of ambient temperature ranges, specifically an ambient temperature range (T ATM : It is related to 20~35℃.

[0143] The control unit (120) can select any one of the target values ​​recorded in the cooling control map (900) based on the charging status information.

[0144] For example, when the pack temperature of the charging status information is 39℃ and the pack SOC is 36%, a target value 1 can be selected from the cooling control map (900). In this case, the battery cooling device (200) can perform at least one of the operation of adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant to be equal to the reference refrigerant flow rate and the operation of adjusting the temperature of the refrigerant to be equal to the reference refrigerant flow rate.

[0145] As another example, when the pack temperature of the charging status information is 50.5℃ and the pack SOC is 36%, a target value of 1.2 can be selected from the cooling control map (900). In this case, the battery cooling device (200) can perform at least one of the operation of increasing the flow rate of the refrigerant to 1.2 times the reference refrigerant flow rate and the operation of decreasing the temperature of the refrigerant to 1 / 1.2 times the reference refrigerant temperature.

[0146] It should be noted that in each cooling control map, including the cooling control map (900), at least one of the target values ​​associated with pack temperature range(s) below the damping temperature (55°C) is greater than 1. Additionally, all target values ​​associated with pack temperature range(s) above the damping temperature (55°C) may be greater than 1.

[0147] The cooling control map (1000) illustrated in FIG. 10 is one of a plurality of ambient temperature ranges, specifically an ambient temperature range (T ATM : It is related to the ambient temperature range (T) associated with the cooling control map (1000). ATM : 40~45℃) is an ambient temperature range (T) associated with the cooling control map (900). ATMSince it corresponds to a high-temperature environment (20~35℃), there is a concern that the battery pack (10) may overheat relatively easily, so it can be said that there is a greater need to implement active cooling control than in the situation of FIG. 9.

[0148] Referring to FIG. 10, the pack temperature range assigned a target value greater than 1 in the cooling control map (1000) can be lowered compared to the cooling control map (900). Specifically, when the pack temperature is 39°C and the pack SOC is 36%, the target value recorded in the cooling control map (900) is 1, whereas the target value recorded in the cooling control map (1000) is 1.1. That is, the cooling control range of the cooling control map associated with a relatively high ambient temperature range (a set of grids where a target value greater than 1 is recorded) can be wider than the cooling control range of the cooling control map associated with a relatively low ambient temperature range. For better understanding, each grid in the cooling control map (1000) having a target value higher than the target value of the cooling control map (900) is marked with a diagonal line. A set of grids hatched on the cooling control map (1000) can be referred to as the 'extended cooling control range' of the cooling control map (1000) relative to the cooling control map (900). For reference, the cooling control map (900) can be said to have a 'reduced cooling control range' relative to the cooling control map (1000).

[0149] The cooling control map (1100) illustrated in FIG. 11 is an ambient temperature range (T ATM : It is common with the cooling control map (1000) in that it is related to the outside temperature range (T ATM : It may be stored in a memory device as being associated with 40~45℃.

[0150] Referring to FIG. 11, the range where a target value greater than 1 is recorded in the cooling control map (1100) may correspond to the range where a target value greater than 1 is recorded in the cooling control map (900). The pack temperature range where a target value greater than 1 is assigned in the cooling control map (1100) may be the same as that of the cooling control map (900). That is, the cooling control range of the cooling control map (1100) and the cooling control range of the cooling control map (900) may be the same.

[0151] On the other hand, in at least one grid of the same cooling control range, the target value of the cooling control map (1100) may be greater than the target value of the cooling control map (900). For example, when the pack temperature is 52°C and the pack SOC is 19%, the target value recorded in the cooling control map (900) is 1.1, whereas the target value recorded in the cooling control map (1100) is 1.2. That is, the range in which a target value greater than 1 is recorded in the cooling control map associated with a relatively high ambient temperature range may be wider than the range in which a target value greater than 1 is recorded in the cooling control map associated with a relatively low ambient temperature range. To aid understanding, each grid of the cooling control map (1100) having a target value greater than the target value of the cooling control map (900) is marked with a diagonal line. A set of grids hatched on the cooling control map (1100) can be referred to as the ‘enhanced cooling control range’ of the cooling control map (1100) relative to the cooling control map (900). For reference, the cooling control map (900) can be said to have a ‘weakened cooling control range’ relative to the cooling control map (1100).

[0152] With reference to FIGS. 9 through 11, the aforementioned target values ​​are described as a type of weighting for a reference value (reference cooling intensity), but this is merely an example. For instance, the target value may be a value that directly represents the target refrigerant flow rate and / or target refrigerant temperature, instead of being in the form of a weighting based on 1.

[0153] The aforementioned multiple cooling control maps may have the following commonalities.

[0154] The first commonality is that among the multiple target cooling intensities, at least one target value (target cooling intensity) associated with the pack temperature range below a predetermined damping temperature is greater than the reference cooling intensity.

[0155] The second commonality is that among the multiple target cooling intensities, all target values ​​(target cooling intensities) associated with the pack temperature range greater than the decay temperature are greater than the reference cooling intensity.

[0156] The third commonality is that cooling control maps associated with relatively high ambient temperature ranges have an 'extended cooling control range' or 'enhanced cooling control range' compared to cooling control maps associated with relatively low ambient temperature ranges. Conversely, cooling control maps associated with relatively low ambient temperature ranges have a 'reduced cooling control range' or 'weakened cooling control range' compared to cooling control maps associated with relatively high ambient temperature ranges.

[0157] FIG. 12 is a flowchart referenced for schematically illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 13 is a flowchart referenced for illustrating an example of a routine set that may be included in step S1220 of FIG. 12. The method according to FIG. 12 may be executed repeatedly, either periodically or non-periodically, during the charging of a battery pack (10).

[0158] Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 11 together with FIG. 12, in step S1210, the control unit (120) obtains charging status information of the battery pack (10) using the sensing unit (110). The charging status information may include the ambient temperature, the pack temperature, and the pack SOC.

[0159] In step S1220, the control unit (120) determines the target cooling intensity based on the charging status information.

[0160] In step S1230, the control unit (120) uses the communication unit (130) to transmit a cooling control request indicating a target cooling intensity to the battery cooling device (200).

[0161] Referring to FIG. 13, in step S1310, the control unit (120) selects one of a plurality of cooling control maps individually associated with a plurality of ambient temperature ranges based on the ambient temperature indicated by the charging status information. For example, if the ambient temperature is 31°C, the cooling control map (900) of FIG. 9 is selected, and if the ambient temperature is 44°C, the cooling control map (1000) of FIG. 10 or the cooling control map (1100) of FIG. 11 is selected.

[0162] In step S1320, the control unit (120) inputs the pack temperature and pack SOC indicated by the charging status information into the cooling control map selected in step S1310 to determine the target cooling intensity.

[0163] Now, referring again to FIG. 8, we will explain the technical advantages that can be expected through the battery management method according to the present invention. During the charging of the battery pack (10), even if the pack temperature is lower than the decay temperature, the battery pack (10) can be cooled by a target cooling intensity higher than the reference cooling intensity. Therefore, if battery cooling control according to the present invention is implemented, the pack temperature of the battery pack (10) is maintained consistently lower than the decay temperature until charging is completed, or at least the time at which the pack temperature reaches the decay temperature is time t in FIG. 8. s It can be delayed further. As a result, the SOC of the battery pack (10) can be cut-off SOC (Z cut-off The time of reaching ) is time t in Fig. 8 D It can be ahead of.

[0164] Another embodiment of the present invention may provide a computer-readable medium having a program recorded thereon for executing the various embodiments described above on a computer.

[0165] A program may be implemented as hardware components, software components, and / or a combination of hardware and software components. A program may be executed by any system capable of executing computer-readable instructions.

[0166] Software may include computer programs, code, instructions, or a combination thereof, and may configure a processing unit to operate as desired or command the processing unit independently or collectively.

[0167] Software can be implemented as a computer program containing instructions stored on a computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include magnetic storage media (e.g., ROM (read-only memory), RAM (random-access memory), floppy disks, hard disks, etc.) and optical reading media (e.g., CD-ROMs, DVDs (Digital Versatile Discs)). Computer-readable storage media can be distributed across networked computer systems, allowing computer-readable code to be stored and executed in a distributed manner. The storage media can be read by a computer, stored in memory, and executed by a processor.

[0168] Computer-readable media may be provided in the form of non-transitory recording media. Here, 'non-transitory storage media' simply means that it is a tangible device and does not contain a signal (e.g., electromagnetic waves), and the term does not distinguish between cases where data is stored semi-permanently and cases where it is stored temporarily. For example, 'non-transitory storage media' may include a buffer in which data is stored temporarily.

[0169] In addition, the program may be provided as part of a computer program product. Computer program products may be traded between a seller and a buyer as goods.

[0170] A computer program product may include a software program or a computer-readable recording medium on which the software program is stored. For example, a computer program product may include a product in the form of a software program that is distributed electronically through a manufacturer of an electronic device or an electronic market (e.g., a downloadable application). For electronic distribution, at least a portion of the software program may be stored on a recording medium or temporarily created. In this case, the recording medium may be a server of the manufacturer of the electronic device, a server of the electronic market, or a recording medium of a relay server that temporarily stores the software program.

[0171] The embodiments of the present invention described above are not limited to implementation through devices and methods, but may also be implemented through a program that realizes a function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiments of the present invention or a recording medium on which such a program is recorded. Such implementation can be easily achieved by a person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, based on the description of the embodiments described above.

[0172] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention and the equivalent scope of the claims described below by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0173] Furthermore, since the present invention described above allows for various substitutions, modifications, and changes within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention to those skilled in the art without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, it is not limited by the aforementioned embodiments and attached drawings, but rather all or part of each embodiment may be selectively combined to allow for various modifications.

Claims

1. A sensing unit for acquiring information on the charging status of a battery pack; A control unit that determines a target cooling intensity based on the above charging status information; and A communication unit that transmits a cooling control request indicating the above-mentioned target cooling intensity to a battery cooling device; A battery management system including 2. In Paragraph 1, The above sensing unit is, A battery management system that monitors charging status information while the battery pack is being charged according to a multi-stage constant current charging protocol.

3. In Paragraph 1, The above target cooling intensity is, A battery management system comprising a target value for at least one of the flow rate and temperature of the refrigerant supplied by the battery cooling device.

4. In Paragraph 1, The above control unit is, Based on the ambient temperature indicated by the above charging status information, one of the cooling control maps among the plurality of cooling control maps associated with the plurality of ambient temperature ranges is selected, and A battery management system that determines the target cooling intensity by inputting the pack temperature and pack SOC indicated by the above charging status information into the above selected cooling control map.

5. In Paragraph 4, Each of the above plurality of cooling control maps is, A battery management system comprising a lookup table including multiple target cooling intensities according to a combination of multiple pack SOC ranges and multiple pack temperature ranges.

6. In Paragraph 5, A battery management system in which at least one of the above plurality of target cooling intensities is greater than the reference cooling intensity.

7. In Paragraph 5, Among the plurality of target cooling intensities above, at least one target cooling intensity associated with a pack temperature range below a predetermined damping temperature is greater than a reference cooling intensity, and A battery management system in which, among the plurality of target cooling intensities, all target cooling intensities associated with a pack temperature range greater than the attenuation temperature are greater than the reference cooling intensities.

8. In Paragraph 4, The cooling control range of the cooling control map associated with a relatively high ambient temperature range among the plurality of cooling control maps above is, A battery management system that is extended or strengthened compared to the cooling control range of a cooling control map associated with a relatively low ambient temperature range among the plurality of cooling control maps above.

9. A battery pack comprising a battery management system according to any one of paragraphs 1 through 8.

10. Battery pack pursuant to paragraph 9; and A battery cooling device provided for cooling the above battery pack; An electric vehicle including 11. A step of obtaining information on the charging status of the battery pack; A step of determining a target cooling intensity based on the above charging status information; and A step of transmitting a cooling control request indicating the above-mentioned target cooling intensity to a battery cooling device; A battery management method including 12. In Paragraph 11, The step of determining the above target cooling intensity is, A step of selecting one of a plurality of cooling control maps associated with a plurality of ambient temperature ranges based on the ambient temperature indicated by the above charging status information; and A step of determining the target cooling intensity by inputting the pack temperature and pack SOC indicated by the above charging status information into the selected cooling control map; A battery management method including 13. In Paragraph 12, Each of the above plurality of cooling control maps is, A battery management method comprising a lookup table including multiple target cooling intensities according to a combination of multiple pack SOC ranges and multiple pack temperature ranges.

14. In Paragraph 12, Among the plurality of target cooling intensities above, at least one target cooling intensity associated with a pack temperature range below a predetermined damping temperature is greater than a reference cooling intensity, and A battery management method in which, among the plurality of target cooling intensities, all target cooling intensities associated with a pack temperature range greater than the attenuation temperature are greater than the reference cooling intensities.

15. In Paragraph 12, The cooling control range of the cooling control map associated with a relatively high ambient temperature range among the plurality of cooling control maps above is, A battery management method that is extended or strengthened compared to the cooling control range of a cooling control map associated with a relatively low ambient temperature range among the plurality of cooling control maps above.

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