Scheduling method, OLT, ONU, system, storage medium, vehicle, and program product

Abstract

A scheduling method, an OLT, an ONU, a system, a storage medium, a vehicle, and a program product. The method can be applied to an optical communication system. The optical communication system comprises an optical line terminal (OLT) and at least one optical network unit (ONU), wherein the at least one optical network unit (ONU) comprises a first ONU; the OLT can determine, on the basis of feature information of a deterministic service, a configuration parameter of a transmission window of a first packet of the deterministic service; and the OLT can also send scheduling information to the first ONU, the scheduling information indicating the transmission of the configuration parameter of the transmission window.

Description

Scheduling methods, OLT, ONU, systems, storage media, vehicles and software products

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202411633064.5, filed on November 14, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to the field of optical communication technology, and in particular to a scheduling method, an optical line terminal (OLT), an optical network unit (ONU), a system, a storage medium, a vehicle, and software products. Background Technology

[0003] With the continuous development of vehicle intelligence and informatization, in-vehicle communication systems have gradually become an important component of automotive electronics technology. Due to the rapid popularization of vehicle technologies such as autonomous driving, remote control, intelligent connected vehicles, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) wireless communication technology, and in-vehicle infotainment technology, the demand for data transmission and transmission rates in in-vehicle communication systems is increasing rapidly. Traditional in-vehicle communication systems can no longer meet today's high-speed transmission requirements. Therefore, in-vehicle optical communication technology has been proposed. In-vehicle optical communication is a technology that uses optical signals to transmit data at high speed through optical cables or fibers. It can replace traditional cable communication with more efficient and interference-resistant optical signals, providing not only higher data transmission rates and richer spectrum resources, but also low power consumption and strong anti-interference capabilities, making it suitable for the complex and variable electromagnetic environment inside vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides a scheduling method, an OLT, an ONU, a system, a storage medium, a vehicle, and a program product.

[0005] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a scheduling method applicable to an optical communication system, the optical communication system including an optical line terminal (OLT) and at least one optical network unit (ONU), the at least one ONU including a first ONU, the method comprising:

[0006] The OLT can determine the configuration parameters of the transmission window for the first message of a deterministic service based on the characteristic information of the deterministic service; the OLT can send scheduling information to the first ONU, which indicates the configuration parameters for transmitting the transmission window.

[0007] Based on the technical solutions provided in some embodiments of this disclosure, the OLT can determine the configuration parameters of the transmission window for the first message of a deterministic service according to the characteristic information of the deterministic service. It then sends scheduling information to the ONU, indicating the configuration parameters of the transmission window for the message transmitting the deterministic service. In this way, fixed bandwidth allocation and fixed delay scheduling for the deterministic service can be achieved based on its characteristic information. This enables stable transmission of deterministic service messages and improves the reliability of the optical communication system. When this method is applied to vehicular optical networks, it can also meet the deterministic transmission requirements of deterministic services during vehicle control, thereby achieving end-to-end deterministic latency, ultra-low jitter, and zero packet loss network transmission in vehicular optical networks, greatly improving the reliability of vehicular optical communication networks.

[0008] In some embodiments, the characteristic information of the deterministic service includes a latency requirement, which is used to constrain the maximum time interval between the time when the first ONU receives the data packet of the deterministic service from the service source and the time when it sends the message of the deterministic service to the OLT. The data packet is the data packet carried in the message of the deterministic service.

[0009] In some embodiments, the configuration parameters of the transmission window include the start time or start delay of the transmission window, wherein the start delay is used to determine the start time and the start time meets the delay requirement.

[0010] In some embodiments, the characteristic information of the deterministic service also includes the period of the deterministic service, and the start time is determined based on the latency requirements, the period, and the reception time of the deterministic service received by the first ONU from the service source.

[0011] In some embodiments, the start time is determined based on the latency requirements and the reception time of the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU, wherein the first data packet is the data packet carried in the first message.

[0012] In some embodiments, the reception time of the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU is determined according to the period and the reception time of the second data packet reported by the first ONU. The second data packet is a data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU from the service source of the deterministic service before receiving the first data packet.

[0013] In some embodiments, the second data packet is the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU from the service source of the deterministic service.

[0014] In some embodiments, the method further includes: the OLT receiving indication information sent by the first ONU, the indication information being used to indicate the time at which the first ONU receives the second data packet.

[0015] In some embodiments, the start delay is the time interval between the first moment and the start moment of the transmission window; the first moment is the moment after the response delay and equalization delay have elapsed since the first ONU received the scheduling information.

[0016] In some embodiments, the characteristic information of deterministic services may also include message size.

[0017] In some embodiments, the configuration parameters of the transmission window include the size of the transmission window, which is greater than or equal to the message size.

[0018] In some embodiments, the characteristic information of a deterministic service also includes the service identifier of the deterministic service.

[0019] In some embodiments, the configuration parameters of the transmission window also include the service identifier of the deterministic service.

[0020] In some embodiments, the time interval between the time when the OLT sends the scheduling information and the start time of the transmission window is greater than or equal to a preset time interval.

[0021] In some embodiments, the preset time interval is determined based on the delay parameters associated with the first ONU.

[0022] In some embodiments, the latency parameters related to the first ONU include at least one of the following: response latency, equalization latency, and transmission latency between the OLT and the first ONU.

[0023] In some embodiments, the OLT stores characteristic information of deterministic services.

[0024] In some embodiments, before the OLT sends scheduling information to the first ONU based on the characteristic information of the deterministic service, the method further includes: the OLT sending a reference frame to the first ONU, the reference frame carrying time reference information of the reference frame; the time information of the reference frame is used for time synchronization between the first ONU and the OLT.

[0025] In this way, this embodiment can ensure that the OLT and the first ONU maintain time consistency, thereby ensuring that data transmission between the OLT and the first ONU occurs at the correct time, avoiding transmission errors and data loss caused by time asynchrony, and improving the accuracy and integrity of the data.

[0026] In some embodiments, the timing information includes the theoretical reception time of the ideal ONU receiving reference frame, which is obtained based on the compensated cyclic round-trip time of the optical communication system.

[0027] In some embodiments, the theoretical reception time is used to determine the reference reception time of the first ONU to the reference frame, and the reference reception time of the first ONU to the reference frame is used to enable the first ONU to synchronize with the OLT in time.

[0028] In some embodiments, the reference reception time of the first ONU for the reference frame is determined based on the theoretical reception time and the time synchronization parameters of the first ONU.

[0029] In some embodiments, the time synchronization parameters include at least one of the following: the response delay of the first ONU and the equalization delay.

[0030] Secondly, another scheduling method is provided for an optical communication system, the optical communication system including an OLT and at least one ONU, the at least one ONU including a first ONU, the method including: the first ONU receiving scheduling information sent by the OLT, the scheduling information being determined based on the characteristic information of a deterministic service, the scheduling information indicating the configuration parameters of the transmission window for transmitting messages of the deterministic service; the first ONU sending messages of the deterministic service to the OLT within the transmission window based on the scheduling information.

[0031] Thirdly, a scheduling device is provided, comprising: a determining component and a sending component.

[0032] The determining component is configured to determine the configuration parameters of the transmission window of the first message of the deterministic service based on the characteristic information of the deterministic service.

[0033] The transmitting component is configured to send scheduling information to the first ONU of the optical network unit, the scheduling information indicating the configuration parameters for transmitting the transmission window.

[0034] Fourthly, another scheduling device is provided, including a receiving component and a transmitting component.

[0035] The receiving component is configured to receive scheduling information sent by the OLT. The scheduling information is determined based on the characteristic information of the deterministic service and indicates the configuration parameters of the transmission window for transmitting the first message of the deterministic service.

[0036] The sending component is configured to send the first message of a deterministic service to the OLT within the transmission window based on scheduling information.

[0037] Fifthly, an OLT is provided, comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory and the processor are coupled; the memory is configured to store instructions executable by the processor; the processor, when executing the instructions, performs any of the methods provided in the first aspect.

[0038] In a sixth aspect, an ONU is provided, comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory and the processor are coupled; the memory is configured to store instructions executable by the processor; and the processor, when executing the instructions, performs any of the methods provided in the second aspect.

[0039] In a seventh aspect, a passive optical network (PON) system is provided, which includes an OLT as described in the fifth aspect and an ONU as described in the sixth aspect.

[0040] Eighthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided that stores computer instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform any of the methods provided in the first or second aspect.

[0041] A ninth aspect provides a vehicle comprising: an OLT as in the fifth aspect, or an ONU as in the sixth aspect, or a PON system as in the eighth aspect, or a computer-readable storage medium as in the ninth aspect.

[0042] In a tenth aspect, a computer program product comprising computer instructions is provided, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform any of the methods provided in the first or second aspect.

[0043] The technical effects of any of the implementation methods in the second to tenth aspects mentioned above can be found in the technical effects of the corresponding implementation methods in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0044] The accompanying drawings are provided to further understand the technical solutions of this disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this disclosure to explain the technical solutions of this disclosure and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of this disclosure.

[0045] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a message transmission process according to some embodiments;

[0046] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical communication system according to some embodiments;

[0047] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a scheduling method according to some embodiments;

[0048] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another message transmission process according to some embodiments;

[0049] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another message transmission process according to some embodiments;

[0050] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating another scheduling method according to some embodiments;

[0051] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another message transmission process according to some embodiments;

[0052] Figure 8 is a block diagram of a scheduling device according to some embodiments;

[0053] Figure 9 is a block diagram of another scheduling device according to some embodiments;

[0054] Figure 10 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to some embodiments;

[0055] Figure 11 is a block diagram of an electronic and electrical system according to some embodiments;

[0056] Figure 12 is a block diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The technical solutions of some embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0058] Unless the context otherwise requires, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprise" and its other forms, such as the third-person singular "comprises" and the present participle "comprising," are interpreted as open-ended and encompassing, meaning "including, but not limited to." In the description of the specification, terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "exemplary embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., are intended to indicate that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic associated with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this disclosure. The illustrative representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics mentioned may be included in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0059] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0060] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the words "exemplarily" or "for example" are used to indicate that they are examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplarily" or "for example" in some embodiments of this disclosure should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the words "exemplarily" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts by way of example.

[0061] In addition, the use of “based on” implies openness and inclusivity, because processes, steps, calculations or other actions “based on” one or more of the stated conditions or values ​​may in practice be based on additional conditions or values ​​beyond those stated.

[0062] Driven by technological advancements and industrial transformations, particularly in fields like artificial intelligence and wireless communication, automobiles, as one of the best carriers for new technology applications, are accelerating their intelligentization and connectivity. The emergence of new business demands and application scenarios such as intelligent driving and assisted driving has placed new requirements and challenges on in-vehicle communication technology, leading to a rapid increase in bandwidth demands. Traditional in-vehicle communication solutions can no longer meet this rapidly growing demand. In-vehicle optical communication, as a key technology in the future of intelligent vehicles, leverages the advantages of fiber optic transmission to meet the needs of high-speed, stable, and high-capacity in-vehicle communication. It not only provides higher data transmission rates and larger spectrum resources but also features lower power consumption and stronger anti-interference capabilities, making it suitable for the complex electromagnetic environment inside vehicles. In-vehicle optical communication solutions include fiber optic communication solutions based on in-vehicle Ethernet and all-optical passive optical network (PON) network solutions.

[0063] Currently, in-vehicle network systems mainly include bus communication such as Controller Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnect Network (LIN), CAN with Flexible Data Rate (CAN FD), in-vehicle Ethernet, FlexRay bus, and Media Oriented System Transport (MOST). Among these, the CAN bus still dominates in in-vehicle networks. In-vehicle control systems, such as chassis networks and powertrain networks, still rely on periodic CAN (e.g., CAN FD) signals. Although these signals have low speeds and fixed values, they are extremely sensitive to latency and have very high priority. In-vehicle optical communication systems may not be able to meet the reliability and deterministic transmission requirements of such signals.

[0064] However, current vehicular optical communication systems suffer from uncertain transmission capabilities. Fixed Bandwidth Allocation (FBA) is typically integrated into the optical line terminal (OLT) and allocates a fixed-size transmission window (TW) to services with a scheduling period of frame length (e.g., 125µs) or multiples thereof. The size of the TW is usually determined by the peak rate of the service. For cyclical vehicular services with diverse service cycles, current FBA leads to a mismatch between the TW period and the service cycle, resulting in uncertainties in latency and jitter.

[0065] Taking an all-optical passive optical network (PON) solution as an example, as shown in Figure 1, the scheduling cycle does not match the service cycle. Service source 11 sends data packet 13 to ONU 12. ONU 12 receives data packet 13 and transmits a message carrying data packet 13 to OLT device 15 within transmission window 14. As can be seen from Figure 1, there is a time interval τ1 between the time ONU receives data packet 13 from the service source and the time it sends data packet 13 to the OLT device. The time interval corresponding to data packet 16 is τ2, data packet 17 is τ3, data packet 18 is τ4, and data packet 19 is τ5. It is evident that the time intervals corresponding to different data packets are uncertain. Here, the difference between the longest and shortest delays, τ2-τ5, represents the delay jitter, which is significant. In this situation, the reliability and deterministic transmission requirements of service signals cannot be met.

[0066] To address the aforementioned problems, some embodiments of this disclosure provide a scheduling method applicable to an optical communication system. The optical communication system includes an optical line terminal (OLT) and at least one optical network unit (ONU). The at least one ONU includes a first ONU. The OLT can determine the configuration parameters of the transmission window for a first packet of a deterministic service based on the characteristic information of the deterministic service. The OLT can also send scheduling information to the first ONU, indicating the configuration parameters for transmitting the transmission window. In this way, fixed bandwidth allocation and fixed delay scheduling of the deterministic service can be achieved based on its characteristic information. This enables stable transmission of deterministic service packets and improves the reliability of the optical communication system.

[0067] Taking PON as an example, Figure 2 shows an optical communication system provided in this disclosure. As shown in Figure 2, the optical communication system 100 includes at least one optical line terminal (OLT) 10, at least one optical distribution network (ODN) 20, and at least one optical network unit (ONU) 30.

[0068] Here, PON is a single-fiber bidirectional optical access network employing a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) structure. In this optical communication system 100, the direction from OLT10 to ONU30 is defined as the downlink direction, and signals transmitted by OLT10 can reach each ONU30 through ODN20. The direction from ONU30 to OLT10 is defined as the uplink direction, and signals transmitted by at least one ONU20 can reach OLT10.

[0069] The OLT10 can manage at least one ONU30.

[0070] ODN20 can be a data distribution network used to complete data transmission and distribution between OLT10 and ONU30, establishing an end-to-end data transmission channel between ONU30 and OLT10. ODN20 is typically configured in a point-to-multipoint manner, meaning multiple ONU30s are connected to one OLT10 through one ODN20. In this way, multiple ONU30s can share the optical transmission medium between OLT10 and ODN20, as well as the optoelectronic devices of OLT10.

[0071] In some embodiments, ODN20 may include optical fibers, optical couplers, beam splitters, or other devices. In some embodiments, the optical fibers, optical couplers, beam splitters, or other devices may be passive optical devices; for example, the optical fibers, optical couplers, beam splitters, or other devices may be devices that do not require power support when distributing data signals between OLT10 and ONU30. In some embodiments, beam splitters and connectors distributed throughout various areas of the vehicle may constitute the ODN20 of the optical communication system 100.

[0072] In some embodiments, when the optical communication system 100 described above is applied in a vehicle-mounted scenario, the OLT10 can be integrated into the vehicle's central controller, or the OLT10 can be connected to the central controller. The ONU30 can be integrated into the vehicle's electronic devices (e.g., actuators, sensors), or connected to the electronic devices. In this way, the information exchanged between the central controller and the electronic devices in the vehicle can be transmitted by the OLT10 and ONU30. For example, the transmission path of control commands sent from the central controller to the electronic devices is: Central Controller → OLT10 → ODN20 → ONU30 → Electronic Device. As another example, the transmission path of data reported by the electronic devices to the central sensors (e.g., sensor data) can be: Electronic Device → ONU30 → ODN20 → OLT10 → Central Controller.

[0073] In some embodiments, in vehicular scenarios, vehicular control systems, safety protection systems, and intelligent driving systems have extremely high latency and jitter requirements, demanding that the vehicular network have deterministic transmission capabilities to ensure that latency and jitter have upper bounds and meet the transmission requirements of the services. Based on this, the deterministic services in some embodiments of this disclosure can be related services where the central controller acquires data from electronic devices based on service requirements, and these related services have clear periodicity and latency requirements. The service source of the deterministic service (i.e., the producer of the deterministic service message) is the electronic device related to the deterministic service.

[0074] For example, in intelligent driving scenarios, the aforementioned deterministic services may include the central controller periodically acquiring environmental information from intelligent driving-related sensors (such as LiDAR, cameras, etc.). In this way, by ensuring that environmental information is transmitted to the central controller periodically and on time, the central controller can rationally plan intelligent driving routes and perform intelligent driving control.

[0075] For example, in a vehicle charging scenario, the aforementioned deterministic services could include the central controller periodically acquiring battery information from battery-related sensors. By ensuring that battery information is transmitted to the central controller periodically and on time, the central controller can effectively control the battery charging process (e.g., promptly cutting off power after the battery is fully charged), thus preventing battery malfunctions.

[0076] For example, in an anti-lock braking system (ABS) scenario, the aforementioned deterministic services may include the central controller acquiring braking information from the electronic components of the ABS system. In this way, by ensuring that braking information is transmitted to the central controller periodically and on time, the central controller can take timely measures to prevent the vehicle from losing control and skidding when faced with the risk of lock-up.

[0077] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the OLT10 can reasonably arrange the transmission window of the ONU30 transmitting service messages based on the type of service (e.g., deterministic service, non-deterministic service).

[0078] It should be noted that Figure 2 is only an exemplary framework diagram. The number of devices or nodes included in Figure 2 and the names of each device are not limited. In addition to the functional nodes shown in Figure 2, the optical communication system 100 may also include other nodes or devices.

[0079] The system architecture and business scenarios described in some embodiments of this disclosure are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of some embodiments of this disclosure, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in some embodiments of this disclosure. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in some embodiments of this disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0080] Some embodiments of this disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0081] As shown in Figure 3, some embodiments of this disclosure provide a scheduling method that can be applied to an optical communication system, such as the optical communication system 100 in Figure 2. The first ONU can be any one of at least one ONU 30 in the optical communication system 100. The method includes:

[0082] S101 and OLT determine the configuration parameters of the transmission window for the first message of the deterministic service based on the characteristic information of the deterministic service.

[0083] Here, deterministic services refer to services with at least one of explicit latency requirements and explicit periodicity requirements. A deterministic service message is a data unit carrying the service data for that deterministic service; it can be understood as the basic unit for transmitting data or information. A deterministic service message may include service data and certain header information, such as source address, destination address, protocol identifier, and message length.

[0084] In some embodiments, the first message can be any message of the deterministic service. Alternatively, the first message can be any message other than the first message of the deterministic service. Or, the first message can refer to a message that is about to be transmitted.

[0085] It should be understood that the OLT can determine the configuration parameters of the transmission window for any message (e.g., the first message) of a deterministic service to ensure the stable transmission of the corresponding message and improve the reliability of the optical communication system.

[0086] It should be noted that for deterministic service flows, the OLT can determine the latency from the first ONU to the OLT based on the location of the first ONU; this latency is a fixed latency. Here, a deterministic service flow refers to a continuous data flow composed of a series of service data packets for that deterministic service.

[0087] For example, the delay Te2ei from the first ONU to the OLT can be determined based on the sum of the delays Ttran, Tprop, and Tproc.

[0088] Here, Ttran is the transmission delay of the first ONU, Tprop is the propagation delay of the service flow data on the optical fiber, which depends on the fiber length and is a fixed delay. Tproc is the processing delay of the first ONU and OLT, equivalent to the response delay mentioned above, which depends on the processing capability of the optical chip and is also a fixed delay.

[0089] In some embodiments, the characteristic information of deterministic services includes at least one of the following: latency requirements, period, message size, and service identifier.

[0090] Here, the latency requirement is used to constrain the maximum time interval between the moment when the first ONU receives the data packet of the deterministic service from the service source and the moment when it sends the message of the deterministic service to the OLT. The data packet is the data packet carried in the message of the deterministic service.

[0091] Here, "service source" refers to the origin that triggers various services. Taking vehicle control as an example, the service sources for various vehicle control services can include sensors, control units, or other possible data sources. For instance, sensors can include wheel speed sensors, steering wheel angle sensors, and acceleration sensors. Here, wheel speed sensors can serve as the service source for Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) control services, steering wheel angle sensors can serve as the service source for steering control services, and acceleration sensors can serve as the service source for collision warning services. As another example, controllers can include engine controllers and transmission controllers. Here, the engine control unit can serve as the service source for engine control services, and the transmission control unit can serve as the service source for automatic transmission control services.

[0092] As shown in Figure 4, service source 41 sends data packet 43 to the first ONU 44. The first ONU 44 receives the data packet 43 and transmits a message carrying the data packet 43 to the OLT 45 within the transmission window 44. Figure 4 shows that there is a time interval Δτ between the time the first ONU receives the data packet of the deterministic service from the service source and the time it sends the message of the deterministic service to the OLT. The aforementioned delay requirement constrains this time interval Δτ, which represents the maximum value that time interval Δτ can reach.

[0093] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 4, for the same deterministic service, with a fixed Δτ corresponding to each data packet, the scheduling period of the OLT can be consistent with the service period of that deterministic service.

[0094] The service period is a fixed time interval between the transmission times of two consecutive data packets sent by the service source to the first ONU. For example, the service period can be 1 microsecond, 1 millisecond, 1 second, or other similar time intervals. As shown in Figure 4, the above service period is the time interval between two adjacent data packets sent by the service source 41 to ONU 42. It should be understood that the length of the time interval between any two adjacent data packets sent by the service source 41 to ONU 42 is equal.

[0095] The message size is the amount of data in a deterministic service message, which is usually measured in bytes (bits).

[0096] A service identifier is used to uniquely identify a deterministic service. It should be understood that each service can have its own service identifier. For example, a service identifier can be the name of the service. As another example, taking a gigabit-capable passive optical network (GPON) architecture as an example, services implemented based on this network architecture can use the generic encapsulation method (GEM) port identifier (GemPort-ID) as their service identifier. Furthermore, a service identifier can also be a combination of characters or other possible identifiers that uniquely identify the service.

[0097] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the services may also be referred to as services, tasks, functions, or other terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, traction control services may also be referred to as traction control services. This disclosure does not limit the scope of such services.

[0098] In some embodiments, the OLT may store feature information for multiple services. Therefore, the OLT can obtain the feature information of a deterministic service from the feature information of the multiple services stored within it.

[0099] In some embodiments, in an in-vehicle scenario, the OLT can obtain service characteristic information from the central controller. That is, the central controller can determine the service to be executed by the service source, or the service source can proactively request a service to be executed from the central controller. The central controller can proactively determine the service characteristic information, or determine the service characteristic information after negotiation with the service source. Then, the central controller sends the service characteristic information to the OLT so that the OLT can schedule the transmission of service messages based on the service characteristic information.

[0100] In some embodiments, the service source may carry service characteristic information in the first data packet of a deterministic service. Thus, after receiving the first message of the deterministic service, the OLT can obtain the characteristic information of the deterministic service from that message. It should be understood that the first message of the deterministic service received by the OLT carries this first data packet.

[0101] In some embodiments, the service source may report the characteristic information of the deterministic service to the OLT through the first ONU before sending the first data packet of the deterministic service.

[0102] In the above process, after receiving the characteristic information of the deterministic service, the OLT saves the characteristic information of the deterministic service so that it can be used to determine the configuration parameters of the transmission window before each transmission of the deterministic service.

[0103] In some embodiments, if a deterministic service is suspended or terminated, the OLT can delete the characteristic information of the deterministic service to free up storage space.

[0104] In some embodiments, the configuration parameters of the transmission window include the start time or the start delay of the transmission window. Here, the start time satisfies the delay requirement, and the start delay is used to determine the start time.

[0105] It should be understood that the start time of the transmission window satisfies the delay requirement, that is, the time interval between the time when the first ONU receives the data packet of the deterministic service from the service source and the start time of the transmission window is less than or equal to the maximum time interval indicated by the delay requirement.

[0106] In some embodiments, the start time of the transmission window is determined based on the latency requirements, the service cycle, and the reception time of the first ONU from the service source to the deterministic service.

[0107] In some embodiments, the start time is determined based on the latency requirements and the reception time of the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU, wherein the first data packet is the data packet carried in the first message.

[0108] The reception time of the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU is determined based on the service period and the reception time of the second data packet received by the first ONU. Here, the second data packet is the data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU from the service source of the deterministic service before receiving the first data packet. In some embodiments, the second data packet is the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU from the service source of the deterministic service.

[0109] In some embodiments, the OLT can determine the maximum transmission time for the first ONU to send the message of the deterministic service to the OLT based on the reception time of the second data packet received by the first ONU, the number of data packets in the interval between the second data packet and the first data packet, and the service period. It should be understood that the start time of the transmission window should be less than or equal to the maximum transmission time.

[0110] For example, the maximum transmission time is obtained by multiplying the period by the number of data packets between the second and first data packets plus 1, and then calculating the reception time of the second data packet received by the first ONU. The start time of the transmission window is then determined based on this maximum transmission time. The start time of this transmission window should be less than or equal to the maximum transmission time.

[0111] In some embodiments, the OLT receives indication information sent by the first ONU, which indicates the time at which the first ONU receives the second data packet.

[0112] In some embodiments, the start delay is the time interval from a first moment to the start moment of the transmission window. Here, the first moment is the moment after the response delay and equalization delay, starting from the moment the first ONU receives the scheduling information.

[0113] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 5, the OLT can determine the reception time of the scheduling information received by the first ONU based on the transmission time of sending scheduling information to the first ONU and the transmission delay T1 between the OLT and the first ONU. Thus, the aforementioned first time is determined based on the reception time of the scheduling information received by the first ONU, the equalization delay T2 of the first ONU, and the response delay T3. Furthermore, the duration of the start delay can be determined based on the delay requirement Δτ of the deterministic service, thereby obtaining a reasonable start delay StartTime, so that the start time of the transmission window determined based on this start delay meets the delay requirement.

[0114] It should be noted that, as shown in Figure 5, the transmission delay T1 between the OLT and the first ONU, the equalization delay T2 of the first ONU, and the response delay T3 can all be fixed. Therefore, by adjusting the reasonable start delay StartTime, the message transmission process can always meet the delay requirement Δτ of the deterministic service. It can be understood that StartTime2 and StartTime1 are start delays of different durations, with StartTime2 being less than StartTime1. In some embodiments, StartTime2 and StartTime1 can be the start delays corresponding to different messages of the same deterministic service, or they can be the start delays corresponding to messages of different deterministic services.

[0115] Here, the response delay of the first ONU refers to the time interval from the start time when the first ONU receives information from the OLT to the time when the first ONU starts generating a response to that information. For example, the time interval between the time when the first ONU receives a data frame sent by the OLT and the time when it starts forwarding that data frame. It should be understood that within this response delay of the first ONU, the first ONU may perform a series of operations such as decoding the received data frame, parsing the header information, and queuing for transmission.

[0116] Here, the equalization delay of the first ONU is used to ensure that data from multiple user-end devices (e.g., the first ONU / ONT) does not conflict in the uplink direction. Here, ONT stands for Optical Network Terminal, which is an optical network device used by the user end. In a PON network, since all first ONUs share the same optical fiber for uplink data transmission, each first ONU needs to send data within a specific time window to avoid data conflicts. Furthermore, because the physical distance between each first ONU and the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) is different, the signal transmission time in the optical fiber will also differ. To ensure that data from each first ONU reaches the OLT without conflict, the system needs to measure the logical distance between each first ONU and the OLT and calculate the compensation delay, i.e., the equalization delay, for each first ONU.

[0117] It should be understood that the OLT can obtain the response latency and equalization latency of the first ONU by measuring the configuration or by the first ONU reporting. In this way, the OLT and the first ONU have a unified understanding of the response latency and equalization latency of the first ONU, which ensures that the first ONU can accurately determine the start time of the transmission window based on the start latency in the configuration parameters of the transmission window.

[0118] In some embodiments, the start time of the transmission window may also be determined based on at least one of latency requirements or service cycles, as well as other possible methods, such as those described in relevant standards like vehicle information system communication standards, fiber-to-car (FTC) application standards, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) standards. This disclosure does not limit this method. Alternatively, the start delay of the transmission window may be determined based on at least one of latency requirements and service cycles, as well as other possible methods, such as those described in relevant standards like vehicle information system communication standards, fiber-to-car application standards, and V2X standards. This disclosure does not limit this method.

[0119] In some embodiments, the configuration parameters of the transmission window include the size of the transmission window.

[0120] In some embodiments, when the message size is included in the characteristic information of the deterministic service, the OLT can determine the size of the transmission window based on the message size and send the size of the transmission window as a configuration parameter of the transmission window to the first ONU.

[0121] In some embodiments, the size of the transmission window is greater than or equal to the message size. It should be understood that the transmission window size is greater than or equal to the size of a single message to ensure successful data transmission. If the transmission window size is smaller than the message size, only the transmission window size can be sent at a time, requiring multiple transmission windows to transmit a single message. This results in low transmission efficiency and increased message transmission latency, making it difficult to meet the latency requirements of deterministic services.

[0122] In some embodiments, the size of the transmission window may be fixed. Alternatively, the size of the transmission window may be variable.

[0123] In some embodiments, the size of the transmission window can be determined based on the peak rate of the deterministic service.

[0124] In some embodiments, the configuration parameters of the transmission window also include a service identifier for a deterministic service. By including the service identifier in the configuration parameters of the transmission window, the first ONU can determine the deterministic service to which the configuration parameter belongs.

[0125] S102, the OLT sends scheduling information to the first ONU; correspondingly, the first ONU receives the scheduling information sent by the OLT.

[0126] Here, scheduling information is used to indicate the configuration parameters of the transmission window for the first message of the deterministic service.

[0127] In some embodiments, the OLT can determine scheduling information based on the configuration parameters of the transmission window of the first message determined above, and send the scheduling information to the first ONU.

[0128] In one possible implementation, the OLT can determine the time to send the scheduling information based on the start time of the transmission window.

[0129] In some embodiments, the time interval between the OLT sending scheduling information and the start time of the transmission window satisfies a delay constraint. For example, the delay constraint includes: the time interval between the OLT sending scheduling information and the start time of the transmission window is greater than or equal to a preset time interval.

[0130] In some embodiments, the preset time interval is determined based on the delay parameters associated with the first ONU.

[0131] In some embodiments, the latency parameters related to the first ONU include at least one of the following: response latency, equalization delay (EqD), and transmission latency between the OLT and the first ONU.

[0132] In some embodiments, the preset time interval may be greater than the sum of the response delay, the equalization delay, and the transmission delay between the OLT and the first ONU.

[0133] It should be understood that the preset time interval can be determined based on response delay, equalization delay, and transmission delay between the OLT and the first ONU. Here, the first ONU can only receive the scheduling information after this preset time interval and determine the start time of the transmission window based on the scheduling information. If the time interval between the time when the OLT sends the scheduling information and the start time of the transmission window is less than the preset time interval, then the time when the first ONU determines the start time of the transmission window based on the scheduling information has exceeded the start time of the transmission window. Therefore, the first ONU cannot normally transmit deterministic service packets based on the transmission window indicated by the OLT.

[0134] Based on the technical solutions provided in some embodiments of this disclosure, the OLT can determine the configuration parameters of the transmission window for the first message of a deterministic service according to the characteristic information of the deterministic service. It then sends scheduling information to the ONU, indicating the configuration parameters of the transmission window for the message transmitting the deterministic service. In this way, fixed bandwidth allocation and fixed delay scheduling for the deterministic service can be achieved based on its characteristic information. This enables stable transmission of deterministic service messages and improves the reliability of the optical communication system. When this method is applied to vehicular optical networks, it can also meet the deterministic transmission requirements of deterministic services during vehicle control, thereby achieving end-to-end deterministic latency, ultra-low jitter, and zero packet loss network transmission in vehicular optical networks, greatly improving the reliability of vehicular optical communication networks.

[0135] In some embodiments, before sending scheduling information to the first ONU based on the characteristic information of the deterministic service in step S101, the OLT synchronizes its time with the first ONU. Here, time synchronization means maintaining time consistency between the OLT and the first ONU.

[0136] It should be noted that since the first ONU does not have its own internal clock source, the OLT synchronizes its time with the first ONU to ensure that the first ONU receives time information and maintains time consistency between them. Time synchronization is fundamental to the accurate transmission of data such as scheduling information and deterministic service messages. Maintaining time consistency between the OLT and the first ONU ensures that data transmission between them occurs at the correct time, avoiding transmission errors and data loss due to time asynchrony, and improving data accuracy and integrity. Taking a vehicle-mounted PON network as an example, time synchronization between the OLT and the first ONU can meet the requirements for stable operation and high real-time performance of the vehicle-mounted PON network.

[0137] In some embodiments, the OLT can synchronize its time with each of the first ONUs. That is, the OLT can provide accurate time information to each of the first ONUs to ensure time synchronization across the entire network.

[0138] It should be understood that time synchronization in some embodiments of this disclosure may also be referred to as clock synchronization or other terms that have the same or similar meanings, and this disclosure does not limit it in this regard.

[0139] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG6, the time synchronization between the OLT and the first ONU may include the following steps S201 to S202.

[0140] S201, the OLT sends a reference frame to the first ONU; correspondingly, the first ONU receives the reference frame sent by the OLT.

[0141] In some embodiments, before the OLT sends a reference frame to the first ONU, the OLT may first synchronize its time with the upstream device.

[0142] Here, the next level of equipment can refer to other equipment such as the vehicle's central computing platform, vehicle network switches or routers, or external time sources that the vehicle network may connect to.

[0143] In this way, the entire PON network where the OLT is located can be synchronized with other vehicle networks outside, and the synchronized time information of the OLT can be used as the time reference of the entire PON network, and time synchronization with the first ONU can be performed based on this time information.

[0144] In some embodiments, the OLT can send reference frames based on the Optical Network Unit Management and Control Interface (OMC).

[0145] Here, the reference frame is the data frame used for time synchronization between the OLT and the first ONU. In some embodiments, this data frame may contain a timestamp, sequence number, or other relevant information.

[0146] In some embodiments, the reference frame may carry time reference information. This time reference information is used for time synchronization between the first ONU and the OLT.

[0147] In some embodiments, the timing information associated with the reference frame may also be carried in frames following the reference frame.

[0148] In some embodiments, the aforementioned time information includes the theoretical reception time corresponding to the reference frame.

[0149] Here, the theoretical reception time is the theoretical reception time of the ONU that is farthest from the OLT in the network when it receives the reference frame. This ONU can be understood as an ideal ONU. The theoretical reception time can be obtained based on the compensation round-trip time of the optical communication system.

[0150] The theoretical reception time is used to determine the reference reception time of the first ONU receiving the reference frame. The reference reception time of the first ONU for the reference frame is used to enable the first ONU to perform time synchronization.

[0151] In some embodiments, the theoretical reception time can be determined based on the transmission time of the reference frame sent by the OLT and the time offset of the uplink frame N received by the OLT relative to the downlink frame N it transmitted.

[0152] Here, the response latency and equalization latency of the first ONU, which is furthest from the OLT in the network, are both considered to be 0.

[0153] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 7, the first ONU* is the first ONU in the network that is furthest from the OLT. Here, the response latency and equalization latency of the first ONU* are both 0. It should be understood that the first ONU* here may only be a theoretical first ONU, not the first ONU that actually exists in the network.

[0154] In some embodiments, taking the Nth downlink frame as an example, the OLT can determine the precise time of departure (ToD) of the first bit of the Nth downlink frame leaving the OLT, denoted as Tsend. N .

[0155] In some embodiments, the theoretical reception time can be as shown in formula (1). Tstamp N = Tsend N + Δ OLT Formula (1)

[0156] Among them, Tstamp N For the theoretical receiving time, Δ OLT Used to indicate the time interval between the transmission time of the reference frame sent by the OLT and the theoretical reception time.

[0157] In some embodiments, Δ OLT It can be determined based on the time offset of the uplink frame N received by the OLT relative to the downlink frame N it sends, as shown in formula (2).

[0158] Among them, T eqd The time offset of the uplink frame N received by the OLT relative to the downlink frame N it transmits can be determined by the ODN design and physical conditions. dn For the downlink wavelength, n up This is the uplink wavelength.

[0159] In this way, the OLT can store the numerical pairs (Tstamp) corresponding to the theoretical reception time of the reference frame. N (N), and pair the value with (Tstamp) N The reference frame-related time information (N) is sent to the first ONU.

[0160] S202, the first ONU performs time synchronization based on the time information related to the reference frame.

[0161] In one possible implementation, the first ONU determines its reference reception time for the reference frame based on the theoretical reception time; the first ONU performs time synchronization based on the reference reception time of the reference frame.

[0162] In some embodiments, the first ONU performs time synchronization based on the reference reception time of the reference frame, which may include: the first ONU synchronizing the local reception time of the reference frame with the reference reception time of the reference frame.

[0163] In some embodiments, the first ONU performs time synchronization based on the reference reception time of the reference frame. This may include: the first ONU determining the time deviation between its local clock and the reference clock based on the local reception time and the reference reception time of the reference frame; the first ONU may then synchronize its current local time to the current reference time based on this time deviation. For example, if the time deviation is 0.5ms and the current local time is 52ms, it can be determined that the current reference time should actually be 52.5ms. Therefore, the current local time needs to be modified from 52ms to 52.5ms to achieve time synchronization.

[0164] In some embodiments, the reference reception time of the first ONU for the reference frame can be determined based on the theoretical reception time and time synchronization parameters.

[0165] In some embodiments, the time synchronization parameters include at least one of the following: the response delay of the first ONU and the equalization delay.

[0166] In some embodiments, taking the Nth downlink frame as an example, the reference reception time of the reference frame can be as shown in formula (3). Trecv N = Tstamp N -Δ i Formula (3)

[0167] Among them, Trecv N Δ is the reference reception time of the reference frame. i This is the reference delay determined based on time synchronization parameters.

[0168] In some embodiments, Δ i It can be determined based on the following formula (4).

[0169] Among them, EqD i RspTime represents the response latency of the ONUi. i For the equalization delay of ONUi, n dn For the downlink wavelength, n up This is the uplink wavelength.

[0170] Based on the embodiment shown in Figure 6, it is possible to maintain time consistency between the OLT and the ONU, thereby ensuring that data transmission between the OLT and the ONU occurs at the correct time, avoiding transmission errors and data loss caused by time asynchrony, and improving the accuracy and integrity of the data.

[0171] The foregoing primarily describes the solutions provided in this disclosure from the perspective of interaction between various devices or network elements. It is understood that each device or network element, in order to achieve the aforementioned functions, includes at least one of the hardware structures and software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the algorithmic steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this disclosure can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0172] Figure 8 is a block diagram of a scheduling apparatus according to some embodiments. As shown in Figure 8, the scheduling apparatus 800, which can be applied to an OLT, includes a determining component 801 and a transmitting component 802. In some embodiments, the scheduling apparatus 800 may further include a receiving component 803.

[0173] The deterministic component is configured to determine the configuration parameters of the transmission window of the first message of the deterministic service based on the characteristic information of the deterministic service.

[0174] The transmitting component is configured to send scheduling information to the first ONU of the optical network unit, the scheduling information indicating the configuration parameters for transmitting the transmission window.

[0175] In some embodiments, the characteristic information of the deterministic service includes a latency requirement, which is used to constrain the maximum time interval between the time when the first ONU receives the data packet of the deterministic service from the service source and the time when it sends the message of the deterministic service to the OLT, wherein the data packet is the data packet carried in the message of the deterministic service.

[0176] In some embodiments, the configuration parameters of the transmission window include the start time or start delay of the transmission window, wherein the start delay is used to determine the start time and the start time meets the delay requirement.

[0177] In some embodiments, the characteristic information of the deterministic service also includes the period of the deterministic service, and the start time is determined based on the latency requirements, the period, and the reception time of the deterministic service received by the first ONU from the service source.

[0178] In some embodiments, the start time is determined based on the latency requirements and the reception time of the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU, wherein the first data packet is the data packet carried in the first message.

[0179] In some embodiments, the reception time of the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU is determined according to the period and the reception time of the second data packet received by the first ONU. The second data packet is a data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU from the service source of the deterministic service before receiving the first data packet.

[0180] In some embodiments, the second data packet is the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU from the service source of the deterministic service.

[0181] In some embodiments, the receiving component 803 is configured to receive indication information sent by the first ONU, the indication information being used to indicate the time at which the first ONU receives the second data packet.

[0182] In some embodiments, the start delay is the time interval from the first moment to the start moment of the transmission window, where the first moment is the moment after the response delay and equalization delay have elapsed since the first ONU received the scheduling information.

[0183] In some embodiments, the characteristic information of deterministic services may also include message size.

[0184] In some embodiments, the configuration parameters of the transmission window include the size of the transmission window, which is greater than or equal to the message size.

[0185] In some embodiments, the characteristic information of a deterministic service also includes the service identifier of the deterministic service.

[0186] In some embodiments, the configuration parameters of the transmission window also include the service identifier of the deterministic service.

[0187] In some embodiments, the time interval between the time when the OLT sends the scheduling information and the start time of the transmission window is greater than or equal to a preset time interval.

[0188] In some embodiments, the preset time interval is determined based on the delay parameters associated with the first ONU.

[0189] In some embodiments, the latency parameters related to the first ONU include at least one of the following: response latency, equalization latency, and transmission latency between the OLT and the first ONU.

[0190] In some embodiments, the OLT stores characteristic information of deterministic services.

[0191] In some embodiments, before the OLT sends scheduling information to the first ONU based on the characteristic information of the deterministic service, the transmitting component 802 is further configured to send a reference frame to the first ONU. The reference frame carries time reference information of the reference frame. The time information of the reference frame is used for time synchronization between the ONU and the OLT.

[0192] In some embodiments, the timing information includes the theoretical reception time of the ideal ONU receiving reference frame, which is obtained based on the compensated cyclic round-trip time of the optical communication system.

[0193] In some embodiments, the theoretical reception time is used to determine the reference reception time of the first ONU for the reference frame, and the reference reception time of the first ONU for the reference frame is used to enable the first ONU to perform time synchronization.

[0194] In some embodiments, the reference reception time of the first ONU for the reference frame is determined based on the theoretical reception time and the time synchronization parameters of the first ONU.

[0195] In some embodiments, the time synchronization parameters include at least one of the following: the response delay of the first ONU and the equalization delay.

[0196] For a more detailed description of the aforementioned determining component 801, transmitting component 802, and receiving component 803, as well as a more detailed description of each of their technical features and beneficial effects, please refer to the corresponding method embodiment section above, which will not be repeated here.

[0197] Figure 9 is a block diagram of a scheduling device according to some embodiments. As shown in Figure 9, the scheduling device 900 can be applied to a first ONU and includes a receiving component 901 and a transmitting component 902. In some embodiments, the scheduling device 900 further includes a determining component 903.

[0198] The receiving component 901 is configured to receive scheduling information sent by the OLT. The scheduling information is determined based on the characteristic information of the deterministic service and indicates the configuration parameters of the transmission window for transmitting the first message of the deterministic service.

[0199] The transmitting component 902 is configured to send the first message of a deterministic service to the OLT within the transmission window based on scheduling information.

[0200] In some embodiments, the characteristic information of the deterministic service includes a latency requirement, which is used to constrain the maximum time interval between the time when the first ONU receives the data packet of the deterministic service from the service source and the time when it sends the message of the deterministic service to the OLT, wherein the data packet is a data packet carried in the message of the deterministic service.

[0201] In some embodiments, the configuration parameters of the transmission window include the start time or start delay of the transmission window, wherein the start delay is used to determine the start time and the start time meets the delay requirement.

[0202] In some embodiments, the characteristic information of the deterministic service also includes the period of the deterministic service, and the start time is determined based on the latency requirements, the period, and the reception time of the deterministic service received by the first ONU from the service source.

[0203] In some embodiments, the start time is determined based on the latency requirement and the reception time of the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU, wherein the first data packet is the data packet carried in the first message.

[0204] In some embodiments, the reception time of the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU is determined according to the period and the reception time of the second data packet received by the first ONU. The second data packet is the data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU from the service source of the deterministic service before receiving the first data packet.

[0205] In some embodiments, the second data packet is the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU from the service source of the deterministic service.

[0206] In some embodiments, the transmitting component 902 is further configured to send indication information to the OLT, the indication information being used to indicate the reception time when the first ONU receives the second data packet.

[0207] In some embodiments, the start delay is the time interval from the first moment to the start moment of the transmission window, where the first moment is the moment after the response delay and equalization delay have elapsed since the first ONU received the scheduling information.

[0208] In some embodiments, the characteristic information of deterministic services may also include message size.

[0209] In some embodiments, the configuration parameters of the transmission window include the size of the transmission window, which is greater than or equal to the message size.

[0210] In some embodiments, the characteristic information of a deterministic service also includes the service identifier of the deterministic service.

[0211] In some embodiments, the configuration parameters of the transmission window also include the service identifier of the deterministic service.

[0212] In some embodiments, the time interval between the time when the OLT sends the scheduling information and the start time of the transmission window satisfies the delay constraint.

[0213] In some embodiments, the delay constraint includes: the time interval is greater than or equal to a preset time interval.

[0214] In some embodiments, the preset time interval is determined based on the delay parameters associated with the first ONU.

[0215] In some embodiments, the latency parameters related to the first ONU include at least one of the following: response latency, equalization latency, and transmission latency between the OLT and the first ONU.

[0216] In some embodiments, before the OLT sends scheduling information to the first ONU based on the characteristic information of deterministic services, the receiving component 901 is configured to synchronize time with the OLT.

[0217] In some embodiments, the receiving component 901 is configured to receive a reference frame sent by the OLT. The reference frame carries time reference information, which is used by the ONU and the OLT for time synchronization.

[0218] In some embodiments, the timing information includes the theoretical reception time of the ideal ONU receiving reference frame, which is obtained based on the compensated cyclic round-trip time of the optical communication system.

[0219] In some embodiments, the time information is used to enable the first ONU to perform time synchronization, and the determining component 903 is configured to determine the reference reception time of the first ONU for the reference frame based on the theoretical reception time. Time synchronization is performed based on the reference reception time of the reference frame.

[0220] In some embodiments, the determining component 903 is configured to determine the reference reception time of the first ONU for the reference frame based on the theoretical reception time and time synchronization parameters.

[0221] In some embodiments, the time synchronization parameters include at least one of the following: the response delay of the first ONU and the equalization delay.

[0222] For a more detailed description of the receiving component 901, the transmitting component 902, and the determining component 903, as well as a more detailed description of each technical feature therein and a description of the beneficial effects, please refer to the corresponding method embodiment section above, which will not be repeated here.

[0223] It should be noted that the components in Figure 8 or Figure 9 can also be referred to as units; for example, the transmitting component can be referred to as a transmitting unit. Furthermore, in the embodiments shown in Figure 8 or Figure 9, the names of the components may not be those shown in the figures; for example, the transmitting component can also be referred to as a communication component (module), and the receiving component can also be referred to as a communication component.

[0224] If the various units or modules in Figure 8 or Figure 9 are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of some embodiments of this disclosure, in essence, or the parts that contribute to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solutions, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this disclosure. Storage media for storing computer software products include: USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, optical disks, and other media capable of storing program code.

[0225] In the case of implementing the functions of the integrated modules described above in hardware, some embodiments of this disclosure provide a block diagram of an electronic device, which can be an OLT or an ONU. As shown in FIG10, the communication device 1000 includes: a processor 1002, a communication interface 1003, and a bus 1004. In some embodiments, the communication device 1000 may further include a memory 1001.

[0226] Processor 1002 may implement or execute various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with this disclosure. Processor 1002 may be a central processing unit, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with this disclosure. Processor 1002 may also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as including one or more microprocessor combinations, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, etc.

[0227] Communication interface 1003 is used to connect with other devices via a communication network. This communication network can be Ethernet, wireless access network, wireless local area network (WLAN), etc.

[0228] The memory 1001 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions, or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but is not limited thereto.

[0229] In one possible implementation, the memory 1001 may exist independently of the processor 1002. The memory 1001 can be connected to the processor 1002 via a bus 1004 and is used to store instructions or program code. When the processor 1002 calls and executes the instructions or program code stored in the memory 1001, it can implement the methods provided in some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0230] In another possible implementation, the memory 1001 can also be integrated with the processor 1002.

[0231] Bus 1004 can be an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Bus 1004 can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used to represent it in Figure 10, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0232] Through the above description of the implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, only the division of the above functional modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the equipment or device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0233] This disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium. All or part of the processes in the above method embodiments can be executed by computer instructions instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the above method embodiments. The computer-readable storage medium can be any of the foregoing embodiments or memory. The computer-readable storage medium can also be an external storage device of the above-described device or apparatus, such as a plug-in hard drive, smart media card (SMC), secure digital (SD) card, flash card, etc., equipped on the above-described device or apparatus. The computer-readable storage medium can also include both internal storage units and external storage devices of the above-described device or apparatus. The computer-readable storage medium is used to store the above-described computer program and other programs and data required by the above-described device or apparatus. The computer-readable storage medium can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0234] Some embodiments of this disclosure also provide a vehicle electronic and electrical system 2000, as shown in FIG11, which may include an optical communication system 100 provided in some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0235] In some embodiments, the electronic and electrical system 2000 further includes a central controller and vehicle electronics, the electronics including at least one of sensors and actuators; the OLT is integrated into the central controller, or the OLT is connected to the vehicle's central controller; the ONU is connected to the electronics via fiber optic communication or electrical communication, or the ONU is integrated into the electronics.

[0236] Some embodiments of this disclosure also provide a vehicle 3000, as shown in FIG12, which may include an electronic and electrical system 2000 provided in some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0237] Some embodiments of this disclosure also provide a computer program product comprising a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the methods provided in the above embodiments.

[0238] Although this disclosure has been described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments by reviewing the accompanying drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims in carrying out the claimed disclosure. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. A single processor or other unit can implement several functions listed in the claims. While different dependent claims may recite certain measures, this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

[0239] Although this disclosure has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments, it will be apparent that various modifications and combinations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Accordingly, this specification and drawings are merely exemplary illustrations of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims and are to be considered as covering any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of this disclosure. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications to this disclosure without departing from its spirit and scope. Thus, this disclosure is also intended to include any such modifications and modifications that fall within the scope of the claims of this disclosure and their equivalents.

[0240] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this disclosure, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A scheduling method for an optical communication system (100), wherein, The optical communication system (100) includes an optical line terminal (OLT) (10) and at least one optical network unit (ONU) (30), wherein the at least one optical network unit (ONU) (30) includes a first ONU (30), and the method includes: The OLT(10) determines the configuration parameters of the transmission window of the first message of the deterministic service based on the characteristic information of the deterministic service; The OLT (10) sends scheduling information to the first ONU (30), the scheduling information indicating the configuration parameters for transmitting the transmission window.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The characteristic information of the deterministic service includes latency requirements; The delay requirement is used to constrain the maximum time interval between the moment when the first ONU (30) receives the data packet of the deterministic service from the service source and the moment when it sends the message of the deterministic service to the OLT (10); The data packet is the data packet carried in the message of the deterministic service.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The configuration parameters of the transmission window include the start time or start delay of the transmission window. The start delay is used to determine the start time, and the start time satisfies the delay requirement.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The characteristic information of the deterministic service also includes the period of the deterministic service, and the start time is determined according to the delay requirement, the period, and the reception time of the first ONU (30) receiving the deterministic service from the service source.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The start time is determined based on the delay requirement and the reception time of the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU (30), wherein the first data packet is the data packet carried in the first message.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The reception time of the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU (30) is determined according to the period and the reception time of the second data packet received by the first ONU (30); The second data packet is the data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU (30) from the service source of the deterministic service before the first data packet is received.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The second data packet is the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU (30) from the service source of the deterministic service.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising: The OLT (10) receives the indication information sent by the first ONU (30), which is used to indicate the reception time of the second data packet received by the first ONU (30).

9. The method of any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein, The start delay is the time interval between the first moment and the start moment of the transmission window; the first moment is the moment after the response delay and equalization delay from the moment when the first ONU (30) receives the scheduling information.

10. The method of any one of claims 3 to 9, wherein, The characteristic information of the deterministic service also includes message size.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein, The configuration parameters of the transmission window include the size of the transmission window, which is greater than or equal to the message size.

12. The method of any one of claims 3 to 11, wherein, The characteristic information of the deterministic service also includes the service identifier of the deterministic service.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein, The configuration parameters of the transmission window also include the service identifier of the deterministic service.

14. The method of any one of claims 3 to 13, wherein, The time interval between the time when the OLT(10) sends the scheduling information and the start time of the transmission window is greater than or equal to a preset time interval.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein, The preset time interval is determined based on the delay parameters related to the first ONU (30).

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, The latency parameters related to the first ONU (30) include at least one of the following: response latency, equalization latency, and transmission latency between the OLT (10) and the first ONU (30).

17. The method of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein, The OLT(10) stores the characteristic information of the deterministic service.

18. The method of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein, Before the OLT (10) sends scheduling information to the first ONU (30) based on the characteristic information of the deterministic service, the method further includes: The OLT (10) sends a reference frame to the first ONU (30), the reference frame carrying time reference information of the reference frame; the time information of the reference frame is used for the first ONU (30) and the OLT (10) to synchronize their time.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein, The time information includes the theoretical reception time of the ideal ONU (30) receiving the reference frame, which is obtained based on the compensated cyclic round-trip delay of the optical communication system (100).

20. The method of claim 19, wherein, The theoretical reception time is used to determine the reference reception time of the first ONU (30) receiving the reference frame. The reference reception time of the first ONU (30) for the reference frame is used to enable the first ONU (30) to synchronize with the OLT (10) in time.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein, The reference reception time of the first ONU (30) for the reference frame is determined based on the theoretical reception time and the time synchronization parameters of the first ONU (30).

22. The method of claim 21, wherein, The time synchronization parameters include at least one of the following: the response delay and equalization delay of the first ONU (30).

23. A scheduling method for an optical communication system (100), wherein The optical communication system (100) includes an OLT (10) and at least one ONU (30), the at least one ONU (30) including a first ONU (30), and the method includes: The first ONU (30) receives scheduling information sent by the OLT (10), the scheduling information being determined based on the characteristic information of the deterministic service, and the scheduling information indicating the configuration parameters of the transmission window for transmitting the first message of the deterministic service; Based on the scheduling information, the first ONU (30) sends the first message of the deterministic service to the OLT (10) within the transmission window.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein, The characteristic information of the deterministic service includes latency requirements; The delay requirement is used to constrain the maximum time interval between the moment when the first ONU (30) receives the data packet of the deterministic service from the service source and the moment when it sends the message of the deterministic service to the OLT (10); The data packet is the data packet carried in the message of the deterministic service.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein, The configuration parameters of the transmission window include the start time or start delay of the transmission window. The start delay is used to determine the start time, and the start time satisfies the delay requirement.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein, The characteristic information of the deterministic service also includes the period of the deterministic service, and the start time is determined according to the delay requirement, the period, and the reception time of the first ONU (30) receiving the deterministic service from the service source.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein, The start time is determined based on the delay requirement and the reception time of the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU (30), wherein the first data packet is the data packet carried in the first message.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein, The reception time of the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU (30) is determined according to the period and the reception time of the second data packet received by the first ONU (30); The second data packet is the data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU (30) from the service source of the deterministic service before the first data packet is received.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein, The second data packet is the first data packet of the deterministic service received by the first ONU (30) from the service source of the deterministic service.

30. The method according to claim 28 or 29, further comprising: The first ONU (30) sends an indication message to the OLT (10), the indication message being used to indicate the time at which the first ONU (30) receives the second data packet.

31. The method of any one of claims 25-30, wherein, The start delay is the time interval between the first moment and the start moment of the transmission window; the first moment is the moment after the response delay and equalization delay from the moment when the first ONU (30) receives the scheduling information.

32. The method of any one of claims 25-31, wherein, The characteristic information of the deterministic service also includes message size.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein, The configuration parameters of the transmission window include the size of the transmission window, which is greater than or equal to the message size.

34. The method of any one of claims 25-33, wherein, The characteristic information of the deterministic service also includes the service identifier of the deterministic service.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein, The configuration parameters of the transmission window also include the service identifier of the deterministic service.

36. The method of any one of claims 25-35, wherein, The time interval between the time when the OLT(10) sends the scheduling information and the start time of the transmission window is greater than or equal to a preset time interval.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein, The preset time interval is determined based on the delay parameters related to the first ONU (30).

38. The method of claim 37, wherein, The latency parameters related to the first ONU (30) include at least one of the following: response latency, equalization latency, and transmission latency between the OLT (10) and the first ONU (30).

39. The method of any one of claims 23-38, wherein, Before the first ONU (30) receives the scheduling information sent by the OLT (10), the method further includes: The first ONU (30) synchronizes with the OLT (10) in time.

40. The method of claim 39, further comprising: The first ONU (30) receives a reference frame sent by the OLT (10). The reference frame carries time reference information and is used for time synchronization between the first ONU (30) and the OLT (10).

41. The method of claim 40, wherein, The time information includes the theoretical reception time of the ideal ONU (30) receiving the reference frame, which is obtained based on the compensated cyclic round-trip delay of the optical communication system (100).

42. The method of claim 41, wherein, The first ONU (30) performs time synchronization based on the time information, including: The first ONU (30) determines the reference reception time for the reference frame based on the theoretical reception time; The first ONU (30) performs time synchronization based on the reference reception time of the reference frame.

43. The method of claim 42, wherein, The first ONU (30) determines the reference reception time for the reference frame based on the theoretical reception time, including: The first ONU (30) determines the reference reception time for the reference frame based on the theoretical reception time and the time synchronization parameters.

44. The method of claim 43, wherein, The time synchronization parameters include at least one of the following: the response delay and equalization delay of the first ONU (30).

45. An optical line terminal, OLT (10), comprising: Memory and processor; The memory and the processor are coupled; The memory is configured to store instructions executable by the processor; When the processor executes the instructions, it performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 22.

46. An optical network unit, ONU (30), comprising: Memory and processor; The memory and the processor are coupled; The memory is configured to store instructions executable by the processor; When the processor executes the instructions, it performs the method according to any one of claims 23 to 44.

47. An optical communication system (100) comprising an OLT (10) according to claim 45 and an ONU (30) according to claim 46.

48. An electronic and electrical system (2000) for a vehicle, comprising an optical communication system (100) according to claim 47, the electronic and electrical system (2000) further comprising a central controller and electronic devices of the vehicle, the electronic devices comprising at least one of sensors and actuators; The OLT (10) is integrated into the central controller, or the OLT (10) is connected to the central controller of the vehicle; The ONU (30) is connected to the electronic device via optical fiber communication or electrical communication, or the ONU (30) is integrated into the electronic device.

49. A vehicle (3000) comprising the electronic and electrical system (2000) according to claim 48.

50. A computer readable storage medium, wherein, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that, when executed on a processor, cause the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 44.

51. A computer program product, wherein, The computer program product includes a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 44.

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