Electrically heated glass and vehicle window assembly

Abstract

Provided in the present application are an electrically heated glass and a vehicle window assembly. The electrically heated glass comprises laminated glass and a heating element, the laminated glass having a sensor field-of-view area and a wiper staying area. The heating power density E1 of a first sub-heating element in the sensor field-of-view area is 450 W / m2-1800 W / m2; the heating power density E2 of a second sub-heating element in the wiper staying area is 450 W / m2-1800 W / m2; the diameter of the first sub-heating element is not equal to the diameter of the second sub-heating element. The electrically heated glass and the vehicle window assembly provided in the present application use the heating element to rapidly remove fog, frost, snow and ice. By means of limiting the diameter and heating power density of the heating element, the present application further improves the heating accuracy and energy utilization rate. The present application can also individually or simultaneously heat the sensor field-of-view area and the wiper staying area so as to meet heating requirements of different scenarios, improving the heating effect of the electrically heated glass.

Description

Electric heating glass and window assembly

[0001] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese patent application filed on November 14, 2024, with application number 202411628675.0 and entitled "Electrically Heated Glass and Vehicle Window Assembly", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application belongs to the field of glass technology, specifically relating to electrically heated glass and automotive window assemblies. Background Technology

[0003] In related technologies, heat generated by the vehicle's engine can dissolve frost, snow, and ice in the wiper's resting area, while air conditioning can alleviate fogging in the sensor's field of view. However, these heating methods are slow to defrost and have low accuracy. Furthermore, excessively high temperatures during the heating process can burn the driver, reducing driving safety and energy efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the first aspect of this application provides an electrically heated glass, the electrically heated glass including laminated glass and a heating element, the laminated glass having a sensor field of view area and a wiper dwell area, and the heating element being disposed in the sensor field of view area and / or the wiper dwell area;

[0005] The heating element is a linear heating element, which is a metal wire or a carbon fiber wire, and the diameter of the heating element is 0.05mm to 0.5mm.

[0006] The heating element includes a first sub-heating element and a second sub-heating element. When the heating element is subjected to an operating voltage of 40V to 52V, the heating power density E1 of the first sub-heating element in the sensor's field of view is 450W / m². 2 ~1800W / m 2 The second sub-heating element has a heating power density E2 of 450 W / m² in the wiper dwell area. 2 ~1800W / m 2 The diameter of the first sub-heating element is not equal to the diameter of the second sub-heating element.

[0007] The diameter of the first sub-heating element is 0.05mm to 0.2mm, and the diameter of the second sub-heating element is 0.1mm to 0.5mm.

[0008] The diameter of the first sub-heating element is smaller than the diameter of the second sub-heating element.

[0009] Wherein, the length of the first sub-heating element is L1, the length of the second sub-heating element is L2, and the absolute value of the difference between L1 and L2 is a, where a ≥ 21%, or 25% ≤ a ≤ 90%, or 30% ≤ a ≤ 80%, or 35% ≤ a ≤ 75%.

[0010] The ratio between the diameter of the first sub-heating element and the diameter of the second sub-heating element is 0.1 to 0.8, or 0.2 to 0.6.

[0011] The laminated glass has a shielding area and a light-transmitting area. The visible light transmittance of the light-transmitting area is greater than or equal to 70%, and the visible light transmittance of the shielding area is less than or equal to 10%. The shielding area includes a bottom shielding area located below the light-transmitting area, a left shielding area located to the left of the light-transmitting area, a top shielding area located above the light-transmitting area, and a right shielding area located to the right of the light-transmitting area.

[0012] The sensor's field of view is located below or within the top shielding area.

[0013] The wiper stop area is located within the bottom shielding area, or within the left shielding area, or within the right shielding area.

[0014] The first sub-heating element includes a first field-of-view heating section extending multiple times through the sensor's field of view and a first shielding heating section located in the shielding area. The first field-of-view heating section is electrically connected to at least two electrodes through the first shielding heating section, and the heating power density E1 of the first field-of-view heating section in the sensor's field of view is 500 W / m. 2 ~1500W / m 2 .

[0015] The ratio between the total length of the first shielding heating section and the length of the first field-of-view heating section is 2 to 10.

[0016] The first field-of-view heating section includes multiple first horizontal segments and multiple first vertical segments connecting two adjacent first horizontal segments. The multiple first vertical segments connect the multiple first horizontal segments in series. The multiple first horizontal segments are parallel or approximately parallel to each other, and at least two first horizontal segments extend through the sensor's field-of-view area.

[0017] The second sub-heating element includes a second wiper heating section extending multiple times through the wiper dwell area and a second shielding heating section located in the shielding area. The second wiper heating section is electrically connected to at least two electrodes through the second shielding heating section. The heating power density E2 of the second wiper heating section in the wiper dwell area is 600W / m. 2~1800W / m 2 Or 800W / m 2 ~1500W / m 2 .

[0018] The ratio between the length of the second wiper heating section and the total length of the second shielding heating section is 5 to 200.

[0019] The wiper dwell area is located within the bottom shielding area. The second wiper heating section includes multiple second horizontal sections and multiple second vertical sections connecting two adjacent second horizontal sections. The multiple second vertical sections connect the multiple second horizontal sections in series. The multiple second horizontal sections are parallel or approximately parallel, and at least two second horizontal sections extend through the wiper dwell area.

[0020] A portion of the second shielding heating section is located within the left shielding area and / or the right shielding area.

[0021] Wherein, the heating power density E1 of the first sub-heating element in the sensor's field of view and the heating power density E2 of the second sub-heating element in the wiper's resting area satisfy: 0.8≤E1 / E2≤1.2, or 0.9≤E1 / E2≤1.1.

[0022] The linear heating element is the metal wire, which is selected from at least one of copper wire, tungsten wire, or enameled wire.

[0023] The electrically heated glass further includes a heat insulation layer, wherein the total solar transmittance (TTS) of the electrically heated glass having the heat insulation layer is less than or equal to 55%, and the heat insulation layer is selected from at least one of single silver nano-coating, double silver nano-coating, triple silver nano-coating, quadruple silver nano-coating, ITO nano-coating, FTO nano-coating, and infrared blocking micron coating.

[0024] The electrically heated glass further includes an electrically heated element and at least two busbars. The electrically heated element at least covers the light-transmitting area, and the busbars are electrically connected to the electrically heated element. The electrically heated element enables the light-transmitting area to have at least 400 W / m. 2 The heating power density.

[0025] The second aspect of this application provides a window assembly for use in a vehicle, the window assembly including a sensor, a windshield wiper, and electrically heated glass as provided in the first aspect of this application, the sensor being located inside the vehicle and facing the sensor's field of view, and the windshield wiper being located outside the vehicle and capable of stopping in the wiper stopping area.

[0026] The electrically heated glass and window assembly provided in this application utilizes heating elements to achieve rapid defogging, defrosting, snow removal, and de-icing. Furthermore, by limiting the diameter and length of the heating elements, this application helps reduce interference from the heating elements to sensors, especially high-definition cameras, and avoids situations where the heating elements are too short to cover the wiper's resting area. Additionally, this application can improve heating accuracy and energy efficiency, controlling the heating temperature within a suitable range, which helps reduce overall vehicle energy loss. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0028] Figure 1 is a top view of the electrically heated glass provided in this application.

[0029] Figure 2 is a top view schematic diagram of another embodiment of the electrically heated glass provided in this application.

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of one embodiment of the present application, which simultaneously provides a first sub-heating element and a second sub-heating element.

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of another embodiment of the present application, in which a first sub-heating element and a second sub-heating element are simultaneously provided.

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of two other embodiments of the simultaneous setting of the first sub-heating element and the second sub-heating element provided in this application.

[0033] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the electrode structure in one embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the electrically heated glass provided in this application.

[0035] Figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the first sub-heating element provided in this application located in the laminated glass.

[0036] Figure 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the second sub-heating element provided in this application located in the laminated glass.

[0037] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the electrically heated glass with a heat insulation layer provided in this application.

[0038] Figure 11 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an electrically heated glass with an electric heating element provided in this application.

[0039] Figure 12 is a structural schematic diagram of the window assembly provided in this application.

[0040] Labeling: 1. Electric heating glass; 2. Sensor; 3. Wiper blade; 10. Laminated glass; 10. Light-transmitting area; 101. Shaded area; 102. Bottom shaded area; 1021. Left shaded area; 1022. Top shaded area; 1023. Right shaded area; 1024. Sensor field of view; 103. Wiper resting area; 104. First glass plate; 11. First surface; 111. Second surface; 112. Adhesive layer; 12. Second glass plate; 13. Third surface; 131. Fourth surface; 132. Shaded layer; 14. Heat insulation layer; 15. Electric heating element; 16. Busbar; 17. Heating element; 20. First sub-branch; 16. Heating element 21, first field-of-view heating section 211, first horizontal section 2111, first vertical section 2112, first shielding heating section 212, first top shielding section 2121, first side shielding section 2122, first bottom shielding section 2123, second sub-heating element 22, second wiper heating section 221, second horizontal section 2211, second vertical section 2212, second shielding heating section 222, second bottom shielding section 2221, second side shielding section 2222, electrode 23, first electrode 231, second electrode 232, third electrode 233. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The following are preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this application.

[0042] Unless otherwise stated or in case of conflict, the terms or phrases used in this application shall have the following meanings:

[0043] In this application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0044] In this application, "one or more" refers to any one, any two, or any two or more of the listed items. "Several" refers to any two or more.

[0045] As shown in Figures 1-5, this application provides an electrically heated glass 1, which includes a laminated glass 10 and a heating element 20. The laminated glass 10 has a sensor field of view 103 and a wiper dwell area 104, and the heating element 20 is disposed in the sensor field of view 103 and / or the wiper dwell area 104.

[0046] The heating element 20 is a linear heating element, which is a metal wire or a carbon fiber wire, and the diameter of the heating element 20 is 0.05mm to 0.5mm.

[0047] The heating element 20 includes a first sub-heating element 21 and a second sub-heating element 22. When the heating element 20 is subjected to an operating voltage of 40V to 52V, the heating power density E1 of the first sub-heating element 21 in the sensor field of view 103 is 450W / m. 2 ~1800W / m 2 The second sub-heating element 22 has a heating power density E2 of 450 W / m² in the wiper resting area 104. 2 ~1800W / m 2 The diameter of the first sub-heating element 21 is not equal to the diameter of the second sub-heating element 22.

[0048] In this application, the sensor field of view 103 is the area where the detection signals emitted and / or received by the sensor pass through the laminated glass 10. Multiple sensors are installed inside the vehicle, and these sensors are mounted on the surface of the laminated glass 10 near the vehicle's interior using corresponding mounting brackets. The sensors face the sensor field of view 103 of the laminated glass 10, and the detection signals emitted and / or received by the sensors pass through this area to collect data on the vehicle's external environment. Specific examples of sensors include visible light cameras, near-infrared cameras, thermal imagers, lidar, and gesture detection sensors, to better achieve the vehicle's intelligent and safety performance. The wiper rest area 104 refers to the area where the vehicle's wipers rest when they are not in operation.

[0049] The heating element 20 described in this application can be heated when energized to perform defogging, defrosting, snow removal, and de-icing on the sensor's field of view 103 and / or the wiper's resting area 104, thereby avoiding interference from fog, frost, snow, and ice on the sensor's detection signal. This ensures that the sensor can operate normally with high precision in various driving environments, further improving the vehicle's intelligence, automation, and safety performance.

[0050] The heating element 20 is a linear heating element, which can be, for example, a metal wire or a carbon fiber wire, which helps to reduce interference or obstruction of the detection signal by the heating element 20. Specifically, when the heating element 20 is a metal wire, the metal wire is selected from at least one of copper wire, tungsten wire, or enameled wire. The inner layer material of the enameled wire can be one or more conductor materials such as copper wire, aluminum wire, or copper alloy wire, and the outer layer material of the enameled wire can be one or more insulating materials such as polyurethane or polyimide. The diameter of the heating element 20 is 0.05mm to 0.5mm, specifically, examples include 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.3mm, 0.35mm, 0.4mm, 0.45mm, and 0.5mm. Preferably, the diameter of the heating element 20 is 0.1mm to 0.4mm, and more preferably, the diameter of the heating element 20 is 0.2mm to 0.3mm.

[0051] The heating element 20 described in this application operates at a voltage of 40V to 52V, specifically 40V, 42V, 45V, 48V, 50V, and 52V. Compared to traditional electric heating glass operating at low voltages of 12V to 16V, the operating current at the same power is significantly reduced, resulting in a substantial decrease in overall energy loss. This achieves precise heating, greatly improves energy utilization, and consequently reduces overall vehicle energy loss. Simultaneously, it places lower quality requirements on the heating element 20 and offers greater compatibility, which helps reduce the procurement cost of the heating element 20 and also simplifies the manufacturing process of the electric heating glass 1. Furthermore, the 40V to 52V operating voltage is lower than the 60V safety voltage, eliminating the need for additional voltage protection. The 40V to 52V operating voltage is particularly suitable for new energy vehicles.

[0052] The heating element 20 includes a first sub-heating element 21 and a second sub-heating element 22. The first sub-heating element 21 is used for heating to achieve at least defogging, defrosting, snow removal, and de-icing of the sensor field of view 103, and the second sub-heating element 22 is used for heating to achieve defogging, defrosting, snow removal, and de-icing of the wiper rest area 104. At least a portion of the first sub-heating element 21 is located in the sensor field of view 103, and at least a portion of the second sub-heating element 22 is located in the wiper rest area 104.

[0053] When the first sub-heating element 21 heats, that is, when the first sub-heating element 21 heats the sensor field of view 103, the first sub-heating element 21 has a heating power density E1 in the sensor field of view 103, and the heating power density E1 is 450W / m. 2 ~1800W / m 2When the second sub-heating element 22 heats, that is, when the second sub-heating element 22 heats the wiper resting area 104, the second sub-heating element 22 has a heating power density E2 in the wiper resting area 104, and the heating power density E2 is 450W / m. 2 ~1800W / m 2 For example, E1 and E2 can be represented by 450W / m. 2 525W / m 2 550W / m 2 575W / m 2 600W / m 2 625W / m 2 650W / m 2 675W / m 2 700W / m 2 725W / m 2 750W / m 2 800W / m 2 825W / m 2 850W / m 2 900W / m 2 950W / m 2 1000W / m 2 1050W / m 2 1100W / m 2 1150W / m 2 1200W / m 2 1300W / m 2 1400W / m 2 1500W / m 2 1600W / m 2 1700W / m 2 1800W / m 2 Etc. Preferably, the heating power density E1 and heating power density E2 are 500 W / m². 2 ~1500W / m 2 This allows for rapid defogging, defrosting, snow removal, and ice removal, improving heating accuracy and energy efficiency, while also controlling the heating temperature within a suitable range, reducing the risk of burns to drivers and enhancing driving safety.

[0054] By limiting the first sub-heating element 21 to have a heating power density E1 and the second sub-heating element 22 to have a heating power density E2, the problems of defogging, defrosting, snow removal and de-icing in the sensor field of view 103 and the wiper dwell area 104 are realized, meeting the normal working requirements of the sensor and wiper in cold weather, saving energy and improving energy utilization.

[0055] For example, when the first sub-heating element 21 and the second sub-heating element 22 work together, the heating power density E1 of the first sub-heating element 21 is equal to the heating power density E2 of the second sub-heating element 22, or the heating power density E1 of the first sub-heating element 21 is not equal to the heating power density E2 of the second sub-heating element 22.

[0056] The diameter of the first sub-heating element 21 is not equal to the diameter of the second sub-heating element 22. For example, the diameter of the first sub-heating element 21 is larger than the diameter of the second sub-heating element 22. Or, for another example, the diameter of the first sub-heating element 21 is smaller than the diameter of the second sub-heating element 22. This application, by employing first sub-heating elements 21 and second sub-heating elements 22 with different diameters, enables the heating element 20 to meet the different heating power density requirements of the sensor field of view 103 and the wiper resting area 104, thus improving energy utilization. It also allows for more precise temperature adjustment to accommodate the different temperature control requirements of the sensor field of view 103 and the wiper resting area 104. Furthermore, it can adapt to different applications and environments according to the specific needs of defogging, defrosting, snow removal, and de-icing, meeting diverse user needs and improving the user experience.

[0057] Specifically, the diameter of the first sub-heating element 21 is 0.05mm to 0.2mm, and examples include 0.05mm, 0.075mm, 0.1mm, 0.125mm, 0.15mm, 0.175mm, and 0.2mm. Preferably, the diameter of the first sub-heating element 21 is 0.075mm to 0.175mm, and more preferably, the diameter of the first sub-heating element 21 is 0.1mm to 0.15mm. The diameter of the second sub-heating element 22 is 0.1mm to 0.5mm, and examples include 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.3mm, 0.35mm, 0.4mm, 0.45mm, and 0.5mm. Preferably, the diameter of the second sub-heating element 22 is 0.2mm to 0.4mm, and more preferably, the diameter of the second sub-heating element 22 is 0.25mm to 0.35mm.

[0058] The diameter of the first sub-heating element 21 is smaller than the diameter of the second sub-heating element 22. Specifically, the ratio between the diameter of the first sub-heating element 21 and the diameter of the second sub-heating element 22 is 0.1 to 0.8, or 0.2 to 0.6, and examples include 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, and 0.8. Preferably, the ratio between the diameter of the first sub-heating element 21 and the diameter of the second sub-heating element 22 is 0.2 to 0.6; more preferably, the ratio is 0.3 to 0.5.

[0059] Furthermore, the length of the first sub-heating element 21 is L1, the length of the second sub-heating element 22 is L2, and the absolute value of the difference between L1 and L2 is a, where a ≥ 10%. Specific examples include 10%, 11%, 15%, 20%, 21%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and 90%. Preferably, the absolute value of the difference between L1 and L2 is greater than or equal to 21% of L2; more preferably, the absolute value of the difference between L1 and L2 is less than or equal to 90%; even more preferably, the absolute value of the difference between L1 and L2 is less than or equal to 80%; and even more preferably, the absolute value of the difference between L1 and L2 is less than or equal to 75%. By limiting the deviation between L1 and L2 to be greater than or equal to 21%, the heating element 20 is adapted to the heating power density requirements and temperature control requirements of the sensor field of view 103 and the wiper rest area 104, thereby better adapting to different applications and environments, meeting diverse user needs, and improving the user experience.

[0060] The length L1 of the first sub-heating element 21 is 2m to 60m, and specific examples include 2m, 5m, 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 50m, and 60m. The length L2 of the second sub-heating element 22 is 3m to 150m, and specific examples include 3m, 5m, 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 50m, 60m, 70m, 80m, 90m, 100m, and 150m.

[0061] In most usage scenarios, the sensor's field of view 103 primarily requires defogging, and only in a small number of scenarios does it require defrosting, snow removal, and de-icing. The wiper stop area 104 primarily requires defrosting, snow removal, and de-icing, and only in a small number of scenarios does it require defogging. Therefore, the heating effect requirement for the first sub-heating element 21 is lower than that for the second sub-heating element 22. This application limits the diameter and length of the first and second sub-heating elements 21 and 22, allowing the heating element 20 to adapt to the heating power density and temperature control requirements of the sensor's field of view 103 and the wiper stop area 104. This better adapts to different applications and environments, meets diverse user needs, and improves the user experience.

[0062] In summary, the electrically heated glass 1 provided in this application achieves rapid defogging, defrosting, snow removal, and de-icing using the heating element 20. Furthermore, by limiting the diameter and heating power density of the heating element 20, this application improves heating accuracy and energy utilization, keeping the heating temperature within a suitable range, which helps reduce energy loss in the vehicle. Moreover, this application can also achieve independent or simultaneous heating of the sensor field of view 103 and the wiper resting area 104, meeting heating needs in different scenarios and improving the heating effect of the electrically heated glass 1.

[0063] The laminated glass 10 has a shielding area 102 and a light-transmitting area 101. The visible light transmittance of the light-transmitting area 101 is greater than or equal to 70%, and the visible light transmittance of the shielding area 102 is less than or equal to 10%. The shielding area 102 includes a bottom shielding area 1021 located below the light-transmitting area 101, a left shielding area 1022 located to the left of the light-transmitting area 101, a top shielding area 1023 located above the light-transmitting area 101, and a right shielding area 1024 located to the right of the light-transmitting area.

[0064] The shielding area 102 is circumferentially arranged around the light-transmitting area 101. The visible light transmittance of the light-transmitting area 101 is greater than or equal to 70%, which facilitates the observation of the external environment by occupants of the vehicle. The sensor field of view 103 is located within the light-transmitting area 101. The visible light transmittance of the shielding area 102 is less than or equal to 10%, which helps to provide shielding, protection, and enhance the overall aesthetics. The wiper rest area 104 is located within the shielding area 102.

[0065] Laminated glass 10 is preferably used as the windshield of a vehicle, but it is not limited thereto. Laminated glass 10 can also be used as a panoramic glass or a rear windshield, thus providing more application scenarios. It is understood that in some other embodiments, the height of laminated glass 10 is greater than the width of laminated glass 10, thereby meeting the needs of using large windshields or even panoramic glass.

[0066] As shown in Figure 1, the shielding area 102 of this application includes a bottom shielding area 1021 located below the light-transmitting area 101, a left shielding area 1022 located to the left of the light-transmitting area 101, a top shielding area 1023 located above the light-transmitting area 101, and a right shielding area 1024 located to the right of the light-transmitting area 101. The sensor field of view 103 is located below the top shielding area 1023, and part of the boundary of the sensor field of view 103 is surrounded by the top shielding area 1023. Figure 1 shows that the three boundaries of the sensor field of view 103 are surrounded by the top shielding area 1023. It is understood that in some other embodiments, the sensor field of view 103 is located within the top shielding area 1023, that is, the entire boundary of the sensor field of view 103 is surrounded by the top shielding area 1023. The wiper stop area 104 is located within the bottom shielding area 1021.

[0067] As shown in Figure 1, the wiper stop area 104 is located within the bottom shielding area 1021. In another embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the wiper stop area 104 is located within the left shielding area 1022. It will be understood that in some other embodiments, the wiper stop area 104 is located within the right shielding area 1024.

[0068] Specifically, the first sub-heating element 21 includes a first field-of-view heating section 211 extending multiple times through the sensor's field of view 103 and a first shielding heating section 212 located in the shielding area 102. The first field-of-view heating section 211 is electrically connected to at least two electrodes 23 through the first shielding heating section 212. The heating power density E1 of the first field-of-view heating section 211 in the sensor's field of view 103 is 500 W / m. 2 ~1500W / m 2 .

[0069] The first shielding heating section 212 is electrically connected to the first field-of-view heating section 211 and to two electrodes 23. At least two electrodes 23 are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply, respectively. Current from the power supply is input into the first sub-heating element 21 through the at least two electrodes 23, thereby heating the first field-of-view heating section 211 and the first shielding heating section 212. Heating the first field-of-view heating section 211 defogging, defrosting, snow removal, and ice removal from the sensor's field-of-view area 103 helps ensure the sensor can operate with high accuracy in various driving environments. Heating the first shielding heating section 212 defrosts, snow removes, and ices the shielded area 102, ensuring that the windshield wipers are not interfered with by frost, snow, or ice when operating in the shielded area 102, and even helps to remove frost, snow, and ice from the shielded area 102 more quickly in conjunction with the wipers. Meanwhile, the first shielding heating section 212 is used to adjust the heating power density of the first field-of-view heating section 211, so that the heating power density E1 of the first field-of-view heating section 211 in the sensor field-of-view area 103 is 500W / m. 2 ~1000W / m 2Furthermore, by providing a shielding area 102 within the first shielding heating section 212, the interference of the heating element 20 on the light-transmitting area 101 is reduced, and the heating element 20 is prevented from obstructing the driver's view. This also helps to hide part of the heating element 20 within the shielding area 102, thereby improving the aesthetic performance of the electrically heated glass 1.

[0070] The heating power density E1 of the first field-of-view heating section 211 in the sensor's field-of-view area 103 is 500 W / m. 2 ~1500W / m 2 For example, 500W / m 2 550W / m 2 600W / m 2 650W / m 2 700W / m 2 750W / m 2 775W / m 2 800W / m 2 825W / m 2 850W / m 2 900W / m 2 950W / m 2 1000W / m 2 1050W / m 2 1100W / m 2 1200W / m 2 1300W / m 2 1400W / m 2 1500W / m 2 Etc. Etc. In most application scenarios, the sensor's field of view 103 primarily requires defogging, and only in a small number of applications is defrosting, snow removal, and de-icing necessary. Therefore, by setting the heating power density E1 of the first field of view heating section 211 in the sensor's field of view 103 to 500W / m... 2 ~1500W / m 2 It can achieve defogging and defrosting, saving energy and improving energy utilization.

[0071] The first sub-heating element 21 is a single continuous linear heating element, which can be installed in the laminated glass 10 through a single printing process or a single wire-laying process, thus reducing the manufacturing difficulty of the electrically heated glass 1. Specifically, the first sub-heating element 21 includes a first field-of-view heating section 211 and two first shielding heating sections 212. The current from the power supply has only one current path in the first sub-heating element 21. One end of each of the two first shielding heating sections 212 is connected to the opposite ends of the first field-of-view heating section 211, and the other ends of each of the two first shielding heating sections are connected to at least two electrodes 23. At least a portion of the first field-of-view heating section 211 is disposed within the sensor field-of-view area 103. For example, all of the first field-of-view heating section 211 is disposed within the sensor field-of-view area 103. Another example is that a portion of the first field-of-view heating section 211 is disposed within the sensor field-of-view area 103, and another portion of the first field-of-view heating section 211 is disposed within the shielding area 102. Yet another example is that a portion of the first field-of-view heating section 211 is disposed within the sensor field-of-view area 103, another portion of the first field-of-view heating section 211 is disposed within the light-transmitting area 101, and yet another portion of the first field-of-view heating section 211 is disposed within the shielding area 102.

[0072] Optionally, the ratio between the total length of the first shielding heating section 212 and the length of the first field-of-view heating section 211 is 2 to 10, specifically examples being 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc., to facilitate a heating power density E1 of 500 W / m in the sensor's field of view 103 for the first field-of-view heating section 211. 2 ~1500W / m 2 .

[0073] In one embodiment, the first field-of-view heating section 211 includes a plurality of first horizontal sections 2111 and a plurality of first vertical sections 2112 connecting two adjacent first horizontal sections 2111, wherein the plurality of first vertical sections 2112 connect the plurality of first horizontal sections 2111 in series. The plurality of first horizontal sections 2111 are parallel or approximately parallel to each other, and at least two first horizontal sections 2111 extend through the sensor field-of-view area 103, thereby ensuring that the first sub-heating element 21 covers at least a portion of the sensor field-of-view area 103 along the length direction of the laminated glass 10, so as to achieve rapid defogging, defrosting, snow removal and de-icing of the sensor field-of-view area 103. The extension path of the first horizontal section 2111 is a straight path, or an arc path, or a sine curve path, or a rectangular wave path.

[0074] In some embodiments, the first transverse segment 2111 is parallel or approximately parallel to the top edge of the laminated glass 10 to facilitate the arrangement of the first field-of-view heating segment 211. The top edge of the laminated glass 10 is the side closest to the roof after the laminated glass 10 is installed on the vehicle. At least two first transverse segments 2111 extend along the length of the laminated glass 10 and pass through the sensor field-of-view area 103. The first vertical segment 2112 bends to connect two adjacent first transverse segments 2111, so that the two adjacent first transverse segments 2111 are connected in series. In order to minimize interference to the sensor while ensuring heating of the entire sensor field-of-view area 103, the number of first transverse segments 2111 is preferably 3-10, 4-9, or 5-8, etc. Preferably, the spacing H1 between two adjacent first transverse segments 2111 is 10mm to 50mm, or 20mm to 40mm, specifically examples being 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 35mm, 40mm, 45mm, 50mm, etc. Further preferably, the length L1 of the first transverse segment 2111 is 80mm to 300mm, or 100mm to 250mm, or 120mm to 200mm. The lengths of two adjacent first transverse segments 2111 can be equal or unequal. In some embodiments, the length of the first transverse segment 2111 gradually increases along the direction from the top edge to the bottom edge of the laminated glass 10. For example, the length of the first transverse segment 2111 closest to the top edge of the laminated glass 10 is 124 mm, and the length of the first transverse segment 2111 furthest from the top edge of the laminated glass 10 is 195 mm. Between these two, four more first transverse segments 2111 with lengths of 128 mm, 132 mm, 151 mm, and 190 mm are arranged sequentially. Specifically, some of the first vertical segments 2112 are located within the sensor's field of view 103, while others are located outside the sensor's field of view 103; alternatively, all of the first vertical segments 2112 are located outside the sensor's field of view 103; or alternatively, all of the first vertical segments 2112 are located within the sensor's field of view 103.

[0075] The sensor's field of view 103 can be located within the light-transmitting area 101, with part of its boundary surrounded by the top shielding area 1023; alternatively, the sensor's field of view 103 can also be located within the top shielding area 1023, with its entire boundary surrounded by the top shielding area 1023; the electrode 23 is located within the bottom shielding area 1021. Furthermore, the two ends of the left shielding area 1022 are respectively connected to the top shielding area 1023 and the bottom shielding area 1021, and the two ends of the right shielding area 1024 are respectively connected to the top shielding area 1023 and the bottom shielding area 1021.

[0076] In one embodiment, the first shielding heating section 212 includes a first top shielding section 2121 located in the top shielding area 1023, a first side shielding section 2122 located in the side shielding area 102, and a first bottom shielding section 2123 located in the bottom shielding area 1021. The first top shielding section 2121 connects the first field-of-view heating section 211 and the first side shielding section 2122, and the first bottom shielding section 2123 connects the first side shielding section 2122 and the electrode 23. The first shielding heating section 212 extends from the top shielding area 1023, through the side shielding area 102, to the bottom shielding area 1021, and is electrically connected to the electrode 23.

[0077] Specifically, the first side shielding section 2122 is located only in the left shielding area 1022, that is, the first shielding heating section 212 extends from the top shielding area 1023, through the left shielding area 1022, to the bottom shielding area 1021. Alternatively, the first side shielding section 2122 is located only in the right shielding area 1024, and the first shielding heating section 212 extends from the top shielding area 1023, through the right shielding area 1024, to the bottom shielding area 1021. Or, the first side shielding section 2122 is located in both the left shielding area 1022 and the right shielding area 1024, that is, a portion of the first shielding heating section 212 extends from the top shielding area 1023, through the left shielding area 1022, to the bottom shielding area 1021, and another portion extends from the top shielding area 1023, through the right shielding area 1024, to the bottom shielding area 1021.

[0078] In Figure 3, a portion of the first bottom shielding section 2123 extends into the wiper dwell area 104, meaning a portion of the first bottom shielding section 2123 is located within the wiper dwell area 104. This facilitates both adjusting the heating power density E1 of the first field-of-view heating section 211 in the sensor's field of view 103 and assisting in heating the wiper dwell area 104. In Figure 4, the entire first bottom shielding section 2123 does not extend into the wiper dwell area 104, meaning the entire first bottom shielding section 2123 is located outside the wiper dwell area 104. This reduces the impact of the first sub-heating element 21 on the heating power density E2 of the second sub-heating element 22 in the wiper dwell area 104.

[0079] In summary, by setting a first sub-heating element 21 on the sensor field of view 103, this application can heat the sensor field of view 103 independently, achieving precise heating and enabling rapid defogging and defrosting of the sensor field of view 103, thereby improving energy utilization. Furthermore, by limiting the component position and shape of the first heating element 20, this application enables the first sub-heating element 21 to have a heating power density E1 in the sensor field of view 103, thereby controlling the heating temperature within a suitable range and reducing the energy loss of the entire vehicle.

[0080] The second sub-heating element 22 includes a second wiper heating section 221 extending multiple times through the wiper dwell area 104 and a second shielding heating section 222 located in the shielding area 102. The second wiper heating section 221 is electrically connected to at least two electrodes 23 through the second shielding heating section 222. The heating power density E2 of the second wiper heating section 221 in the wiper dwell area 104 is 600W / m. 2 ~1800W / m 2 Or 800W / m 2 ~1500W / m 2 .

[0081] The second shielding heating section 222 is electrically connected to the second wiper heating section 221 and is also electrically connected to the electrode 23. The second sub-heating element 22 includes a second wiper heating section 221 and two second bottom shielding sections 2221 located within the bottom shielding area 1021. The two second bottom shielding sections 2221 located within the bottom shielding area 1021 are respectively connected to the opposite ends of the second wiper heating section 221. The two second bottom shielding sections 2221 located within the bottom shielding area 1021 are also electrically connected to at least two electrodes 23. The at least two electrodes 23 are respectively electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply. The current from the power supply is input into the second sub-heating element 22 through the at least two electrodes 23, thereby heating the second wiper heating section 221. The second wiper heating section 221 heats the wiper dwell area 104 to defrost, remove snow, and remove ice, ensuring that the wipers are not interfered with by frost, snow, or ice in the wiper dwell area 104, and even helping to remove frost, snow, and ice in the wiper dwell area 104 more quickly.

[0082] To ensure that the heating area of ​​the second sub-heating element 22 can completely cover the wiper dwell area 104, this application arranges the entire second wiper heating section 221 within the wiper dwell area 104. Further, a portion of the second wiper heating section 221 is located within the wiper dwell area 104, while another portion is located outside the wiper dwell area 104 and within the bottom shielding area 1021.

[0083] In Figures 3 and 4, the wiper stop area 104 is located within the bottom shielding area 1021, and both the electrode 23 and the second wiper heating section 221 are located within the bottom shielding area 1021. The entire second sub-heating element 22 is located within the bottom shielding area 1021. The second shielding heating section 222 only includes the second bottom shielding section 2221, which is located within the bottom shielding area 1021 and connects the second wiper heating section 221 to the electrode 23. In Figure 5, the wiper stop area 104 and the second wiper heating section 221 are located within the left shielding area 1022 and / or the right shielding area 1024, and the electrode 23 is located within the bottom shielding area 1021. A portion of the second sub-heating element 22 is located within the bottom shielding area 1021, and another portion is located within the left shielding area 1022 and / or the right shielding area 1024. The second shielding heating section 222 includes a second bottom shielding section 2221 and a second side shielding section 2222. The second bottom shielding section 2221 is located within the bottom shielding area 1021 and connects the second wiper heating section 221 to the electrode 23. The second side shielding section 2222 is located within the left shielding area 1022 and / or the right shielding area 1024 and connects the second wiper heating section 221 to the electrode 23. The second shielding heating section 222 is used to adjust the heating power density of the second wiper heating section 221, and at the same time, it helps to ensure that the wiper is not interfered with by frost, snow and ice when it runs into the shielding area 102 during operation, and even helps to cooperate with the wiper to remove frost, snow and ice in the shielding area 102 more quickly.

[0084] The heating power density E2 of the second wiper heating section 221 in the wiper resting area 104 is 600W / m. 2 ~1800W / m 2 Or 800W / m 2 ~1500W / m 2 For example, 600W / m 2 650W / m 2 700W / m 2 750W / m 2 775W / m 2 800W / m 2 825W / m 2 850W / m 2 900W / m 2 950W / m 2 1000W / m 2 1050W / m 2 1100W / m 2 1150W / m 2 1200W / m 2 1300W / m 21400W / m 2 1500W / m 2 1600W / m 2 1700W / m 2 1800W / m 2 In most usage scenarios, the wiper resting area 104 primarily requires defrosting, snow removal, and ice removal, and only in a small number of usage scenarios is defogging required. Therefore, by setting the heating power density E2 of the second wiper heating section 221 within the sensor's field of view 103 to 600W / m², 2 ~1800W / m 2 Or 800W / m 2 ~1500W / m 2 It can defrost, snow, and ice, meeting the normal working needs of windshield wipers in cold weather.

[0085] Optionally, the ratio between the length of the second wiper heating section 221 and the total length of the second shielding heating section 222 is 5 to 200, specifically 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 80, 100, 120, 150, 180, 200, etc., or can be selected as 10 to 100, or 20 to 80, to facilitate a heating power density E2 of 600W / m in the wiper dwell area 104 of the second wiper heating section 221. 2 ~1800W / m 2 Or 800W / m 2 ~1500W / m 2 .

[0086] In one embodiment, the wiper dwell area 104 is located within the bottom shielding area 1021. The second wiper heating section 221 includes a plurality of second horizontal sections 2211 and a plurality of second vertical sections 2212 connecting adjacent second horizontal sections 2211. The plurality of second vertical sections 2212 connect the plurality of second horizontal sections 2211 in series. The plurality of second horizontal sections 2211 are parallel or approximately parallel, and at least two second horizontal sections 2211 extend through the wiper dwell area 104, thereby ensuring that the second sub-heating element 22 covers at least a portion of the wiper dwell area 104 along the length direction of the laminated glass 10, so as to achieve rapid defogging, defrosting, snow removal, and de-icing of the wiper dwell area 104. The extension path of the second horizontal section 2211 is a straight path, an arc path, a sine curve path, or a rectangular wave path.

[0087] The second transverse segment 2211 is parallel or approximately parallel to the bottom edge of the laminated glass 10 to facilitate the arrangement of the second wiper heating section 221. The bottom edge of the laminated glass 10 is the side closest to the ground after the laminated glass 10 is installed on the vehicle. At least two second transverse segments 2211 extend along the length of the laminated glass 10 and pass through the wiper rest area 104. The second vertical segment 2212 bends to connect two adjacent second transverse segments 2211, so that the two adjacent second transverse segments 2211 are connected in series. Optionally, the number of second transverse segments 2211 is 3-10, 4-9, or 5-8, etc. Optionally, the spacing H2 between two adjacent second transverse segments 2211 is 10mm-50mm, or 20mm-40mm, specifically 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 35mm, 40mm, 45mm, 50mm, etc. Optionally, the length L2 of the second transverse segment 2211 is 500mm to 1200mm, or 600mm to 1100mm, or 700mm to 1000mm. The lengths of two adjacent second transverse segments 2211 can be equal or unequal. Optionally, the length of the second transverse segment 2211 gradually decreases along the direction from the top edge to the bottom edge of the laminated glass 10. Specifically, part of the second vertical segment 2212 is located within the wiper stop area 104, and another part of the second vertical segment 2212 is located outside the wiper stop area 104; or, all of the second vertical segments 2212 are located outside the wiper stop area 104; or, all of the second vertical segments 2212 are located within the wiper stop area 104.

[0088] In another embodiment, the wiper dwell area 104 is located within the left shielding area 1022 and / or the right shielding area 1024. The second wiper heating section 221 includes a plurality of second vertical sections 2212 and a plurality of second horizontal sections 2211 connecting adjacent second vertical sections 2212. The plurality of second horizontal sections 2211 connect the plurality of second vertical sections 2212 in series. The plurality of second vertical sections 2212 are parallel or approximately parallel, and at least two second vertical sections 2212 extend through the wiper dwell area 104, thereby ensuring that the second sub-heating element 22 covers at least a portion of the wiper dwell area 104 along the width direction of the laminated glass 10, so as to achieve rapid defogging, defrosting, snow removal, and de-icing of the wiper dwell area 104. The extension path of the second vertical section 2212 is a straight path, an arc path, a sine curve path, or a rectangular wave path.

[0089] The second vertical segment 2212 is parallel or approximately parallel to the side of the laminated glass 10 to facilitate the arrangement of the second wiper heating section 221. The bottom edge of the laminated glass 10 is the side closest to the ground after the laminated glass 10 is installed on the vehicle. At least two second vertical segments 2212 extend along the width direction of the laminated glass 10 and pass through the wiper rest area 104. The second transverse segment 2211 bends to connect two adjacent second vertical segments 2212, so that the two adjacent second vertical segments 2212 are connected in series. Optionally, the number of second vertical segments 2212 is 3-10, 4-9, or 5-8, etc. Optionally, the spacing H3 between two adjacent second vertical segments 2212 is 10mm-50mm, or 20mm-40mm, specifically 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 35mm, 40mm, 45mm, 50mm, etc. Optionally, the length L3 of the second vertical segment 2212 is 500mm to 1200mm, or 600mm to 1100mm, or 700mm to 1000mm. The lengths of two adjacent second vertical segments 2212 may be equal or unequal. Specifically, some of the second horizontal segments 2211 are located within the wiper stop area 104, while other parts of the second horizontal segments 2211 are located outside the wiper stop area 104; or, all of the second horizontal segments 2211 are located outside the wiper stop area 104; or, all of the second horizontal segments 2211 are located within the wiper stop area 104.

[0090] In summary, by setting a second sub-heating element 22 on the wiper resting area 104, this application can heat the wiper resting area 104 independently, achieving precise heating and enabling rapid defogging, defrosting, snow removal, and ice removal in the wiper resting area 104, thereby improving energy utilization. Furthermore, by limiting the component position and shape of the second heating element 20, this application ensures that the second wiper heating section 221 has a heating power density E2 in the wiper resting area 104, thereby controlling the heating temperature within a suitable range, reducing the risk of burns to the driver, and improving driving safety.

[0091] The sensor field of view 103 and / or wiper rest area 104 described in this application are heated for 30 minutes at an ambient temperature of 23°C and an operating voltage of 48V. The highest temperature of the sensor field of view 103 and / or wiper rest area 104 is less than or equal to 70°C to avoid the generation of local hot spots in the sensor field of view 103 and wiper rest area 104, thereby ensuring personal safety. Furthermore, the lowest temperature of the sensor field of view 103 and / or wiper rest area 104 is greater than or equal to 40°C to achieve defogging, defrosting, snow removal, and de-icing. Specifically, the temperature of the sensor field of view 103 and / or the wiper rest area 104 after heating for 30 minutes at an ambient temperature of 23°C and an operating voltage of 48V can be, for example, 40°C, 42°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, etc.; preferably, the temperature of the sensor field of view 103 and / or the wiper rest area 104 after heating for 30 minutes at an ambient temperature of 23°C and an operating voltage of 48V is 50°C to 65°C.

[0092] The sensor field of view 103 and / or wiper dwell area 104 described in this application are subjected to a defrosting test. Specifically, the sensor field of view 103 and / or wiper dwell area 104 are heated for 20 minutes at an ambient temperature of -18°C, covered with a 0.055mm ice layer, and with an operating voltage of 48V. The defrosted area of ​​the sensor field of view 103 and / or wiper dwell area 104 is greater than or equal to 80%, preferably greater than or equal to 85%, more preferably greater than or equal to 90%, and even more preferably greater than or equal to 95%, or even completely de-iced, i.e., the defrosted area is equal to 100%, thereby achieving rapid de-icing to meet the usage requirements of the sensor and wiper. Here, a defrosted area greater than or equal to 80% means that before heating, the sensor field of view 103 or wiper dwell area 104 is completely covered with ice, and after heating for 20 minutes, at least 80% of the sensor field of view 103 is free of ice.

[0093] As shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5, the heating element 20 includes a first sub-heating element 21 and a second sub-heating element 22. In some scenarios, the first sub-heating element 21 can be controlled independently, with the first sub-heating element 21 energized and the second sub-heating element 22 de-energized, heating only the sensor field of view 103. In other scenarios, the second sub-heating element 22 can be controlled independently, with the first sub-heating element 21 de-energized and the second sub-heating element 22 energized, heating only the wiper rest area 104. In still other scenarios, the first sub-heating element 21 and the second sub-heating element 22 can be controlled simultaneously, with both the first sub-heating element 21 and the second sub-heating element 22 energized, simultaneously heating both the sensor field of view 103 and the wiper rest area 104. This improves the heating efficiency and energy utilization of the heating element 20, enabling the electrically heated glass 1 to meet the heating needs of different scenarios.

[0094] When the first sub-heating element 21 and the second sub-heating element 22 are heated simultaneously, the heating power density E1 of the first sub-heating element 21 in the sensor field of view 103 and the heating power density E2 of the second sub-heating element 22 in the wiper rest area 104 may be the same or different.

[0095] In some embodiments, the heating power density E1 of the first sub-heating element 21 in the sensor field of view 103 is the same as or substantially the same as the heating power density E2 of the second sub-heating element 22 in the wiper rest area 104, that is, the ratio of E1 to E2 satisfies 0.8 ≤ E1 / E2 ≤ 1.2, and the heating power density E1 = 450 W / m 2 ~1800W / m 2 Heating power density E2 = 450 W / m 2 ~1800W / m 2 Specific values ​​can be 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.92, 0.95, 0.98, 1, 1.02, 1.05, 1.08, 1.1, 1.15, 1.2, etc., with 0.9≤E1 / E2≤1.1 being preferred, to facilitate uniform heating and overall filament design.

[0096] In another embodiment, the heating power density E1 of the first sub-heating element 21 in the sensor field of view 103 is less than the heating power density E2 of the second sub-heating element 22 in the wiper rest area 104, that is, the ratio of E1 to E2 satisfies 0.3≤E1 / E2≤0.75, and the heating power density E1=450W / m 2 ~800W / m 2 Heating power density E2 = 600 W / m 2 ~1800W / m 2 Specifically, examples include 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, and 0.75. The heating power density E1 meets the defogging requirements of the sensor's field of view 103 in most scenarios, and the heating power density E2 meets the defrosting, snow removal, and ice removal requirements of the wiper's resting area 104 in most scenarios, thus facilitating differentiated design. Preferably, 0.35 ≤ E1 / E2 ≤ 0.7, and more preferably, 0.4 ≤ E1 / E2 ≤ 0.6.

[0097] As shown in Figure 6, there are three electrodes 23: a first electrode 231, a second electrode 232, and a third electrode 233. Two of these electrodes are electrically connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, and the third electrode is electrically connected to the negative terminal. A first shielding heating section 212 connects the first electrode 231 and the second electrode 232, and a second shielding heating section 222 connects the third electrode 233 and the second electrode 232. The second electrode 232 is a shared electrode 23 for the first sub-heating element 21 and the second sub-heating element 22. For example, the first electrode 231 and the third electrode 233 are both electrically connected to the positive terminal, and the second electrode 232 is a shared electrode connected to the negative terminal. The first sub-heating element 21 is connected to one positive terminal and the shared negative terminal, and the second sub-heating element 22 is connected to the other positive terminal and the shared negative terminal. The first sub-heating element 21 located in the sensor field of view 103 and the second sub-heating element 22 located in the wiper rest area 104 can share a single electrode 23 to achieve single heating or simultaneous heating, simplifying the structure, improving the energy utilization rate of the heating element 20, and improving the heating effect of the electrically heated glass 1.

[0098] The distance between the first electrode 231 and the second electrode 232, or the distance between the second electrode 232 and the third electrode 233, is S. That is, the distance S between two adjacent electrodes 23 is ≥ 10 mm. Specific examples include 10 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm, 17 mm, 18 mm, 20 mm, 22 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, etc. Preferably, S ≥ 15 mm, more preferably S ≥ 20 mm. By limiting the distance between two adjacent electrodes 23 to greater than 10 mm, interference between adjacent electrodes can be avoided, thus improving the reliability of the electrically heated glass 1.

[0099] As shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9, the laminated glass 10 includes a first glass plate 11, an adhesive layer 12, a second glass plate 13 and a shielding layer 14. The first glass plate 11 has a first surface 111 and a second surface 112. The second glass plate 13 has a third surface 131 and a fourth surface 132. The adhesive layer 12 connects the second surface 112 and the third surface 131. The first surface 111 faces the outside of the vehicle. The shielding layer 14 is disposed in the shielding area 102.

[0100] Specifically, the first glass plate 11 serves as the outer glass plate of the laminated glass 10. The first glass plate 11 has a first surface 111 and a second surface 112. The first surface 111 is away from the adhesive layer 12 and in contact with the external environment of the vehicle, while the second surface 112 is close to the adhesive layer 12. The second glass plate 13 serves as the inner glass plate of the laminated glass 10. The second glass plate 13 has a third surface 131 and a fourth surface 132. The third surface 131 is close to the adhesive layer 12, while the fourth surface 132 is away from the adhesive layer 12 and in contact with the internal environment of the vehicle. The adhesive layer 12 connects the second surface 112 and the third surface 131.

[0101] The first glass plate 11 is transparent or tinted glass, with a visible light transmittance greater than or equal to 80%, and a thickness of 0.7 mm to 4.0 mm. The second glass plate 13 is also transparent or tinted glass, with a visible light transmittance greater than or equal to 80%, and a thickness of 0.7 mm to 4.0 mm. The total iron content (calculated as Fe2O3) of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.1%, even less than or equal to 0.05%, and further less than or equal to 0.01%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is 80% to 95%; the total iron content (calculated as Fe2O3) of the tinted glass is 0.1% to 0.8%, preferably 0.1% to 0.5%, and the visible light transmittance of the tinted glass is 80% to 90%. For example, the outer glass plate can be 2.1 mm thick transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 89%, and the inner glass plate can be 1.6 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 83%, or 2.1 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 80%.

[0102] The adhesive layer 12 is a transparent or colored thermoplastic polymer film, and its thickness is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm. The thermoplastic polymer film can be selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ionic polymer (SGP). When the adhesive layer 12 is a transparent thermoplastic polymer, the visible light transmittance of the transparent thermoplastic polymer is greater than or equal to 80%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the adhesive layer 12 can be, but is not limited to, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%. Exemplarily, the adhesive layer 12 can be a single-layer or multi-layer structure. Examples of multi-layer structures include double-layer, triple-layer, quadruple-layer, and five-layer structures. The adhesive layer 12 may also have other functions, such as setting at least one colored area as a shaded area to reduce the interference of sunlight on the human eye, or adding an infrared absorber to have sun protection or heat insulation functions, or adding an ultraviolet absorber to have ultraviolet protection functions, or having a higher plasticizer content in at least one layer of the multi-layer structure to have sound insulation functions.

[0103] The material of the shielding layer 14 is selected from at least one of dark ink, opaque polymer film, and dimming film. The shielding layer 14 can be disposed on the second surface 112, the third surface 131, the fourth surface 132, and / or the adhesive layer 12. The dark ink can be ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink. The ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink is printed on the second surface 112, the third surface 131, and / or the fourth surface 132 by processes such as screen printing and inkjet printing, and the shielding layer 14 is formed after curing or high-temperature sintering. The opaque polymer film can be a bulk-colored polymer film, such as by adding black or brown coloring components during the manufacturing process; it can also be a polymer film with surface-printed inks, paints, or pigments, such as printing black ink, black paint, or brown pigments onto the surface of the polymer film; or it can be a dyed or colored polymer film, such as coloring the polymer film with black or brown dyes. The material of the polymer film can be polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), etc. The opaque polymer film is disposed in the adhesive layer 12, for example, the adhesive layer 12 can be two thermoplastic polymer films, with the opaque polymer film sandwiched between the two thermoplastic polymer films. The dimming film can be a polymer dispersed liquid crystal film (PDLC), a suspended particle film (SPD), an electrochromic film (EC), a dye liquid crystal film (LC), etc. The minimum visible light transmittance of the dimming film is less than or equal to 3%, for example, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0%. Furthermore, the maximum visible light transmittance of the dimming film can be set as needed, such as 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 80%, etc. Specifically, the visible light transmittance of the dimming film can be adjusted between 0% and 20%, between 0.5% and 50%, or between 0% and 70%. The dimming film can meet the visible light transmittance requirements of various scenarios. For example, when black border display is required, the dimming film is in an opaque state (visible light transmittance less than or equal to 3%, or even 0%), improving the contrast between the displayed image and the background. When no display is needed, the dimming film is in a transparent state (visible light transmittance greater than or equal to 70%), achieving greater transparency of the car window glass. The dimming film is set in the adhesive layer 12, which can be two thermoplastic polymer films, with the dimming film sandwiched between them.

[0104] As shown in Figure 10, the electrically heated glass described in this application further includes a heat insulation layer 15. The heat insulation layer 15 enables the electrically heated glass 1 to have excellent heat insulation performance, thereby improving the thermal comfort of the vehicle interior environment. Preferably, the total solar transmittance (TTS) of the electrically heated glass 1 with the heat insulation layer 15 is less than or equal to 55%, more preferably less than or equal to 50%, and even less than or equal to ≤45%. The lower the total solar transmittance, the better the heat insulation performance of the electrically heated glass 1. The heat insulation layer 15 can be disposed on the second surface 112, or in the adhesive layer 12, or on the third surface 131, or on the fourth surface 132.

[0105] The heat insulation layer 15 can be at least one selected from single silver nano-coating, double silver nano-coating, triple silver nano-coating, quadruple silver nano-coating, ITO nano-coating, FTO nano-coating, and infrared blocking micron coating.

[0106] Single-silver nanocoatings, double-silver nanocoatings, triple-silver nanocoatings, and quadruple-silver nanocoatings can be deposited using magnetron sputtering, and their physical thickness is preferably between 100 nm and 500 nm. A single-silver nanocoating is a transparent nanocoating having one silver layer and at least two dielectric layers; a double-silver nanocoating is a transparent nanocoating having two silver layers and at least three dielectric layers; a triple-silver nanocoating is a transparent nanocoating having three silver layers and at least four dielectric layers; and a quadruple-silver nanocoating is a transparent nanocoating having four silver layers and at least five dielectric layers. The dielectric layer material is selected from at least one oxide, nitride, or oxynitride selected from Zn, Ti, Si, Al, Sn, Se, Zr, Ni, In, Cr, W, Ca, Y, Nb, Cu, and Sm.

[0107] ITO nanocoatings can be formed by magnetron sputtering. The physical thickness of the ITO nanocoating is preferably 100 nm to 500 nm. The ITO nanocoating is a transparent nanocoating having at least one ITO (indium tin oxide) functional layer and at least two dielectric layers. The dielectric layer material is selected from at least one oxide, nitride, or oxynitride selected from Zn, Ti, Si, Al, Sn, Se, Zr, Ni, In, Cr, W, Ca, Y, Nb, Cu, and Sm. FTO nanocoatings can be formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The physical thickness of the FTO nanocoating is preferably 50 nm to 500 nm. The FTO nanocoating is a transparent nanocoating having at least one FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) functional layer.

[0108] The infrared blocking micron coating can be formed by sol-gel coating. The thickness of the infrared blocking micron coating is 5 μm to 30 μm. The infrared blocking micron coating is a transparent micron coating with infrared blocking nanoparticles. The material of the infrared blocking nanoparticles can be selected from at least one of ITO (indium tin oxide), FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), CWO (cesium-doped tungsten oxide), lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6), and vanadium pentoxide (V2O5). The average particle size of the infrared blocking nanoparticles is 20 nm to 100 nm.

[0109] As shown in Figure 11, the electrically heated glass described in this application further includes an electrically heated element 16 and at least two busbars 17. The electrically heated element 16 at least covers the light-transmitting area 101. The busbars 17 are electrically connected to the electrically heated element 16. The electrically heated element 16 and at least two second busbars 17 can be disposed between the second surface 112 and the adhesive layer 12, or between the third surface 131 and the adhesive layer 12, or on the fourth surface 132. One of the busbars 17 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of a power supply (not shown), and the other busbar 17 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of a power supply (not shown). The current from the power supply is input into the electrically heated element 16 through the at least two busbars 17, causing the electrically heated element 16 to heat up and thus heat the light-transmitting area 101 to achieve the functions of defrosting, defogging, snow removal, and even de-icing, further improving driving safety. The shielding layer 14 is disposed on both the second surface 112 and the fourth surface 132 to better shield the electric heating element 16 and at least two busbars 17.

[0110] The power supply voltage described in this application is 40V to 52V, and the electric heating element 16 is capable of providing at least 400W / m to the light-transmitting area 101. 2 The heating power density. Exemplarily, the electric heating element 16 enables the light-transmitting area 101 to have a power density of at least 800 W / m². 2 The heating power density. Also exemplarily, the electric heating element 16 enables the light-transmitting area 101 to have a power density of at least 1000 W / m². 2 The heating power density. Further exemplarily, the electric heating element 16 enables the light-transmitting area 101 to have a power density of at least 2000 W / m². 2 The heating power density. Optionally, the electric heating element 16 can be heated independently, and the first sub-heating element 21 and the second sub-heating element 22 are not heated; or, the electric heating element 16 and the first sub-heating element 21 are heated simultaneously, and the second sub-heating element 22 is not heated; or, the electric heating element 16 and the second sub-heating element 22 are heated simultaneously, and the first sub-heating element 21 is not heated; or, the electric heating element 16, the first sub-heating element 21 and the second sub-heating element 22 are all heated simultaneously. Alternatively, the electric heating element 16 is not heated, and at least one of the first sub-heating element 21 and the second sub-heating element 22 is heated.

[0111] The electric heating element 16 can be a single-silver electric heating coating, a double-silver electric heating coating, a triple-silver electric heating coating, a quadruple-silver electric heating coating, a penta-silver electric heating coating, a TCO electric heating coating, a metal wire, a printed silver paste wire, a silver nanowire, a carbon fiber wire, a metal mesh, or a graphene heating plate, etc. The single-silver, double-silver, triple-silver, quadruple-silver, penta-silver, and TCO electric heating coatings can be formed by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and their physical thickness is preferably 100 nm to 500 nm. The single-silver electric heating coating is a transparent nano-coating having one silver layer and at least two dielectric layers; the double-silver electric heating coating is a transparent nano-coating having two silver layers and at least three dielectric layers; the triple-silver electric heating coating is a transparent nano-coating having three silver layers and at least four dielectric layers; the quadruple-silver electric heating coating is a transparent nano-coating having four silver layers and at least five dielectric layers; and the penta-silver electric heating coating is a transparent nano-coating having five silver layers and at least six dielectric layers. The TCO electroheating coating is a transparent nano-coating with at least one transparent conductive oxide (TCO) functional layer. The TCO functional layer can be made of materials such as ITO (indium tin oxide), FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), or AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide). The TCO electroheating coating may also include at least one dielectric layer. The dielectric layer is made of at least one oxide, nitride, or oxynitride selected from Zn, Ti, Si, Al, Sn, Se, Zr, Ni, In, Cr, W, Ca, Y, Nb, Cu, and Sm. The metal wire can be at least one of copper, tungsten, aluminum, or copper alloy wire, with a diameter of 0.01 mm to 0.5 mm. The printed linewidth of the silver paste wire is 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, and the printed thickness is 3 μm to 20 μm. Nano-silver wires, carbon fiber wires, metal mesh grids, or graphene heating elements are commercially available.

[0112] This application also provides a window assembly for use in a vehicle, as shown in Figure 12. The window assembly includes an electrically heated glass 1, a sensor 2, and a windshield wiper 3. The sensor 2 is located inside the vehicle and faces the sensor's field of view 103, while the windshield wiper 3 is located outside the vehicle and can stop at the wiper stop area 104. The sensor can be mounted on the fourth surface 132 of the electrically heated glass 1, and the windshield wiper 3 can be mounted on the first surface 111 of the electrically heated glass 1.

[0113] This application also provides a vehicle, the vehicle including a body and the electrically heated glass 1 provided in this application, the electrically heated glass 1 being disposed on the body. When the electrically heated glass 1 is installed on the vehicle, it is preferably used as the vehicle's windshield. However, it is not limited thereto; the electrically heated glass 1 can also be used as a panoramic glass or a rear windshield, thereby providing more application scenarios for the vehicle.

[0114] To make the objectives and advantages of this application clearer, the effects of the electrically heated glass 1 of this application will be further explained in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0115] The heating element 20 of the electrically heated glass 1 includes a first sub-heating element 21 and a second sub-heating element 22 electrically connected to the same electrode 23, and the operating voltage is 48V. Specific parameters of heating elements with different diameters and lengths are shown in Table 1.

[0116] Table 1: Performance parameters of electrically heated glass with different heating elements

[0117] In summary, as shown in Table 1, in Examples 1-22, the diameter of the first sub-heating element in the sensor's field of view is smaller than the diameter of the second sub-heating element in the wiper's resting area. Using a smaller diameter first sub-heating element helps to reduce the interference of the first sub-heating element on the sensor, especially the high-definition camera, when acquiring image data.

[0118] Meanwhile, while ensuring that the heating power density of the sensor's field of view remains unchanged, since the area of ​​the sensor's field of view is usually smaller than the area of ​​the wiper's resting area, using a smaller diameter first sub-heating element is advantageous for selecting a shorter first sub-heating element, avoiding the difficulty of arrangement due to the excessive length of the first sub-heating element; using a larger diameter second sub-heating element is advantageous for selecting a longer second sub-heating element, avoiding the inability to cover the wiper's resting area due to the excessive length of the second sub-heating element.

[0119] The first sub-heating element has a length of L1, and the second sub-heating element has a length of L2. The absolute value of the difference between L1 and L2 is a, where a = |L1-L2| / L2, a ≥ 10%, or a ≥ 16%, or a ≥ 21%, or 25% ≤ a ≤ 90%, or 30% ≤ a ≤ 80%, or 35% ≤ a ≤ 75%. Simultaneously, the ratio between the diameter of the first sub-heating element and the diameter of the second sub-heating element is 0.1–0.8, or 0.2–0.75, or 0.25–0.6. The embodiments provided in this application enable the first and second sub-heating elements to adapt to the heating power density and temperature control requirements of the sensor's field of view and the wiper's resting area, improving heating accuracy and energy utilization, controlling the heating temperature within a suitable range, and helping to reduce the energy loss of the entire vehicle.

[0120] The above provides a detailed description of the embodiments provided in this application. This document elucidates and explains the principles and implementation methods of this application. The above description is only intended to help understand the methods and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. An electrically heatable glass, characterized in that The electrically heated glass includes laminated glass and a heating element. The laminated glass has a sensor field of view and a wiper resting area. The heating element is disposed in the sensor field of view and the wiper resting area. The heating element is a linear heating element, which is a metal wire or a carbon fiber wire, and the diameter of the heating element is 0.05mm to 0.5mm. The heating element includes a first sub-heating element and a second sub-heating element. When the heating element is subjected to an operating voltage of 40V to 52V, the heating power density E1 of the first sub-heating element in the sensor's field of view is 450W / m². 2 ~1800W / m 2 The second sub-heating element has a heating power density E2 of 450 W / m² in the wiper dwell area. 2 ~1800W / m 2 The diameter of the first sub-heating element is not equal to the diameter of the second sub-heating element.

2. The electrically heated glass of claim 1, wherein, The diameter of the first sub-heating element is 0.05mm to 0.2mm, and the diameter of the second sub-heating element is 0.1mm to 0.5mm.

3. The electrically heated glass of claim 1, wherein, The diameter of the first sub-heating element is smaller than the diameter of the second sub-heating element.

4. The electrically heated glass of claim 1, wherein, The length of the first sub-heating element is L1, the length of the second sub-heating element is L2, and the absolute value of the difference between L1 and L2 is a, where a ≥ 21%, or 25% ≤ a ≤ 90%, or 30% ≤ a ≤ 80%, or 35% ≤ a ≤ 75%.

5. The electrically heated glass of claim 1, wherein, The ratio between the diameter of the first sub-heating element and the diameter of the second sub-heating element is 0.1 to 0.8, or 0.2 to 0.

6.

6. The electrically heatable glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The laminated glass has a shielding area and a light-transmitting area. The visible light transmittance of the light-transmitting area is greater than or equal to 70%, and the visible light transmittance of the shielding area is less than or equal to 10%. The shielding area includes a bottom shielding area located below the light-transmitting area, a left shielding area located to the left of the light-transmitting area, a top shielding area located above the light-transmitting area, and a right shielding area located to the right of the light-transmitting area.

7. The electrically heated glass of claim 6, wherein, The sensor's field of view is located below or within the top occlusion area.

8. The electrically heated glass of claim 6, wherein, The wiper stop area is located within the bottom shielding area, or within the left shielding area, or within the right shielding area.

9. The electrically heated glass of claim 6, wherein, The first sub-heating element includes a first field-of-view heating section extending multiple times through the sensor's field of view and a first shielding heating section located in the shielding area. The first field-of-view heating section is electrically connected to at least two electrodes through the first shielding heating section. The heating power density E1 of the first field-of-view heating section in the sensor's field of view is 500 W / m. 2 ~1500W / m 2 .

10. The electrically heated glass of claim 9, wherein, The ratio between the total length of the first shielding heating section and the length of the first field-of-view heating section is 2 to 10.

11. The electrically heated glass of claim 9, wherein, The first field-of-view heating section includes a plurality of first horizontal segments and a plurality of first vertical segments connecting two adjacent first horizontal segments. The plurality of first vertical segments connect the plurality of first horizontal segments in series. The plurality of first horizontal segments are parallel or approximately parallel to each other, and at least two of the first horizontal segments extend through the sensor's field-of-view area.

12. The electrically heated glass of claim 6, wherein, The second sub-heating element includes a second wiper heating section extending multiple times through the wiper dwell area and a second shielding heating section located in the shielding area. The second wiper heating section is electrically connected to at least two electrodes through the second shielding heating section. The heating power density E2 of the second wiper heating section in the wiper dwell area is 600 W / m. 2 ~1800W / m 2 Or 800W / m 2 ~1500W / m 2 .

13. The electrically heated glass of claim 12, wherein, The ratio between the length of the second wiper heating section and the total length of the second shielding heating section is 5 to 200.

14. The electrically heated glass of claim 12, wherein, The wiper dwell area is located within the bottom shielding area. The second wiper heating section includes a plurality of second horizontal sections and a plurality of second vertical sections connecting two adjacent second horizontal sections. The plurality of second vertical sections connect the plurality of second horizontal sections in series. The plurality of second horizontal sections are parallel or approximately parallel, and at least two second horizontal sections extend through the wiper dwell area.

15. The electrically heated glass of claim 12, wherein, A portion of the second shielding heating section is located within the left shielding area and / or the right shielding area.

16. The electrically heated glass of claim 1, wherein, The heating power density E1 of the first sub-heating element in the sensor's field of view and the heating power density E2 of the second sub-heating element in the wiper's resting area satisfy: 0.8≤E1 / E2≤1.2, or 0.9≤E1 / E2≤1.

1.

17. The electrically heated glass of claim 1, wherein, The linear heating element is the metal wire, which is selected from at least one of copper wire, tungsten wire, or enameled wire.

18. The electrically heated glass of claim 1, wherein, The electrically heated glass further includes a heat insulation layer, and the total solar transmittance (TTS) of the electrically heated glass having the heat insulation layer is less than or equal to 55%. The heat insulation layer is selected from at least one of single silver nano-coating, double silver nano-coating, triple silver nano-coating, quadruple silver nano-coating, ITO nano-coating, FTO nano-coating, and infrared blocking micron coating.

19. The electrically heated glass of claim 6, wherein, The electrically heated glass further comprises electric heating elements covering at least the light-transmitting region and at least two busbars electrically connected with the electric heating elements, the electric heating elements being capable of providing the light-transmitting region with a heating power density of at least 400 W / m 2 .

20. A vehicle window assembly for use in a vehicle, comprising: The window assembly includes a sensor, a windshield wiper, and electrically heated glass as described in any one of claims 1-19, wherein the sensor is located inside the vehicle and faces the sensor's field of view, and the windshield wiper is located outside the vehicle and is capable of stopping in the wiper stop area.

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