Short-pitch winding stator and electric motor

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are a short-pitch winding stator and an electric motor. The short-pitch winding stator comprises a stator winding and a stator core. The stator core comprises a plurality of stator slots, wherein each stator slot comprises 2N accommodating layers. The stator winding comprises a multi-phase winding structure. Each phase winding structure comprises two coil groups connected in parallel, wherein each coil group comprises a plurality of coil structures with different spans and two lead structures; each coil structure comprises two connected coil conductor sides, which are respectively inserted into adjacent accommodating layers of different stator slots; the plurality of coil structures of each coil group are sequentially wound from the first accommodating layer to a 2N-th accommodating layer; and the two lead structures are respectively arranged at two ends of the corresponding coil group and inserted into the first accommodating layer and the 2N-th accommodating layer, and the lead structures extend from a crown end of the stator winding.

Description

Short-pitch winding stator and motor

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application 202411644302.2, filed on November 19, 2024, entitled “Short-pitch winding stator and motor”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application belongs to the field of motor technology, and particularly relates to a short-pitch winding stator and motor. Background Technology

[0004] In the stator of an electric motor, the windings can be classified into short-pitch windings and full-pitch windings based on the relationship between the winding span and the motor slot pitch. Using short-pitch windings can further reduce the motor's torque ripple and NVH (Noise, Vibration and Harshness).

[0005] Currently, in existing short-pitch winding schemes, the lead wire is typically introduced at the welding end, and a copper busbar is connected to the lead wire. However, due to the different twisting spans of each coil at the welding end, the twisting efficiency is low, resulting in complex processes. Furthermore, introducing the lead wire at the welding end is not conducive to the flattening and welding operations of flat wire coils. In addition, improper design of the lead wire position and copper busbar can lead to multiple layers of stacking, resulting in an excessively large overall axial dimension of the motor. For compact motors, this can affect the creepage distance, leading to insulation safety risks. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a short-pitch winding stator and motor. By designing different span line types, the processing difficulty of the welding end is reduced. By optimizing the lead-out position and making reasonable copper busbar design, the axial dimension of the motor is reduced and sufficient creepage distance is ensured, which is beneficial to the motor layout.

[0007] This application provides a short-pitch winding stator, comprising a stator winding and a stator core. The stator core includes multiple stator slots, each of which includes 2N layers of receiving layers. The stator winding includes a multi-phase winding structure, each phase winding structure including two parallel coil groups. Each coil group includes multiple coil structures with different spans and two lead structures. The coil structure includes two connected coil conductor sides, which are respectively inserted into adjacent receiving layers of different stator slots. The multiple coil structures of each coil group are wound sequentially from the first layer of the receiving layer to the 2Nth layer. The two lead structures are respectively located at both ends of the corresponding coil group and inserted into the receiving layers of the first and 2Nth layers, and the lead structures extend out from the crown end of the stator winding.

[0008] In the short-pitch winding stator described above, each coil group includes three coil structures with spans of Y-1, Y, and Y+2. Within the accommodating layers of layer 2i and layer 2i-1, the three coil structures with spans of Y-1, Y, and Y+2 are interconnected to form coil layers. Between the accommodating layers of layer 2i and layer 2i+1, adjacent coil layers are connected by coil structures with a span of Y-1.

[0009] In the short-pitch winding stator shown above, the lead structures at both ends of each coil group are respectively the input terminal and the output terminal, and the number of stator slots between the input terminal and the output terminal of each coil group is Y-1.

[0010] In the short-pitch winding stator described above, the two parallel coil groups are the first coil group and the second coil group, respectively. The input terminals of the first coil group and the second coil group are respectively located in the first layer and the 2Nth layer of the receiving layer. The output terminals of the second coil group and the first coil group are respectively located in the first layer and the 2Nth layer of the receiving layer. The number of slots between the input terminals of each first coil group is Y-4, and the number of slots between the input terminals of each second coil group is Y-4.

[0011] The short-pitch winding stator described above includes a lead structure comprising a first conductive connection part, a lead conductor side, and a second conductive connection part connected together. The lead conductor side is inserted into the stator slot. Both the first conductive connection part and the second conductive connection part are twisted structures that are inclinedly connected to the lead conductor side. The first conductive connection part is used to connect the coil structure, and the second conductive connection part is used to connect the external circuit.

[0012] The short-pitch winding stator described above includes a stator winding that also includes a copper busbar assembly. The copper busbar assembly includes a first connecting copper busbar and a second connecting copper busbar. The lead wire structures are respectively an input terminal and an output terminal. The two input terminals of each phase winding structure are connected through the first connecting copper busbar. The first connecting copper busbars are spaced apart from each other. All output terminals of the multi-phase winding structure are connected through the second connecting copper busbar. The first connecting copper busbars and the second connecting copper busbars are spaced apart from each other.

[0013] In the short-pitch winding stator described above, the first connecting copper busbar includes a first connecting plate, a first lead-out end, and a second lead-out end connected together. The first connecting plate extends circumferentially along the stator winding, and the first and second lead-out ends both extend axially along the stator winding, respectively for connecting the incoming terminal and the external circuit. The second connecting copper busbar includes a second connecting plate and a third lead-out end connected together. The second connecting plate extends circumferentially along the stator winding, and the third lead-out end extends axially along the stator winding, for connecting the outgoing terminal. The first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are spaced apart axially, and at least a portion of the first connecting plate is at the same height axially.

[0014] In the short-pitch winding stator as described above, the second conductive connection portion of the lead structure in the first receiving layer has the opposite turning direction to the second conductive connection portion of the lead structure in the 2Nth receiving layer, and the second conductive connection portions of the two layers turn toward each other.

[0015] The short-pitch winding stator described above includes a stator core comprising 54 circumferentially distributed stator slots, a stator winding comprising a 3-phase winding structure, and a short-pitch winding stator having 3 pole pairs. Within the accommodating layers 2i and 2i-1, three coil structures with spans of 9, 10, and 12 are interconnected to form coil layers. Within a single coil layer, the spans of multiple coil structures form a combination of spans of 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, and 12. Between the accommodating layers 2i and 2i+1, adjacent coil layers are connected by a coil structure with a span of 9.

[0016] On the other hand, this application also provides an electric motor, which includes the aforementioned short-pitch winding stator.

[0017] The short-pitch winding stator of this application includes a stator winding and a stator core. The stator winding includes a multi-phase winding structure. Each phase winding structure includes two parallel coil groups to form two parallel branches for each phase. Each coil group includes multiple coil structures with different spans and two lead wire structures. The two coil conductor sides of the coil structure are respectively inserted into adjacent receiving layers in two stator slots of the stator core, so that each coil group can be wound sequentially from the first layer to the 2Nth layer of the receiving layer, thereby forming a complete current path and realizing motor winding. Two lead structures are respectively located at both ends of the corresponding coil group and inserted into the receiving layers of the 1st and 2Nth layers. They are connected to the beginning and end of multiple coil structures connected in sequence for current input and output. Since the multiple lead structures are identical in structure and are all inserted into the receiving layers of the 1st and 2Nth layers, they can form a neat arrangement when they extend from the crown end of the stator winding. Through the line design with different spans, the twist span of the welding end is ensured to be the same, reducing the processing difficulty of the welding end. Furthermore, when connecting the copper busbars, there is no need for complex multi-layer copper busbar settings, thereby reducing the overall axial dimension of the motor and ensuring sufficient creepage distance, which is beneficial to the overall layout of the motor. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the short-pitch winding stator according to an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the lead structure of the short-pitch winding stator and the copper busbar assembly in an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the lead structure of the short-pitch winding stator according to an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the coil structure of the short-pitch winding stator according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between two coil groups of a phase winding structure of a short-pitch winding stator according to an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0025] 100. Stator winding; 200. Stator core; 210. Stator slot;

[0026] 10. Winding structure; 20. Coil group; 201. First coil group; 202. Second coil group; 21. Coil layer; 30. Coil structure; 31. Coil conductor edge; 32. Lead wire structure; 321. Inlet terminal; 322. Outlet terminal; 323. First conductive connection part; 324. Lead wire conductor edge; 325. Second conductive connection part; 326. Inclined connection part; 327. Copper busbar connection part; 40. Welding end; 50. Crown end; 60. Copper busbar assembly; 61. First connecting copper busbar; 611. First connecting plate; 612. First lead-out end; 613. Second lead-out end; 62. Second connecting copper busbar; 621. Second connecting plate; 622. Third lead-out end. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of this application will be described in detail below. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended only to explain this application and not to limit it. For those skilled in the art, this application can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely to provide a better understanding of this application by illustrating examples.

[0028] In the current automotive industry, motor stators typically employ a combination of 54-slot 6-pole and 48-slot 8-pole configurations. Compared to the 48-slot 8-pole motor, the 54-slot 6-pole motor offers higher high-speed, low-torque efficiency. Furthermore, the 54-slot 6-pole motor has a larger number of stator slots, resulting in smaller slot dimensions and consequently smaller flat wires within the slots. This reduces AC copper losses, further improving efficiency in the high-speed range. Additionally, the number of slots per pole per phase (q) increases from 2 to 3, leading to better NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance.

[0029] Within the stator slots of a motor, windings need to be fabricated. Based on the relationship between the winding span and the motor slot pitch, windings can be classified into short-pitch windings and full-pitch windings. In the three-phase winding line voltage, there is no third harmonic; therefore, the primary focus is on eliminating the fifth and seventh harmonics. Through calculation, an approximate span of 5 or 6 times the full pitch (rounded down) can be used to eliminate the fifth and seventh harmonics. This span is called the short-pitch winding. For example, in a 54-slot, 6-pole configuration, if the full pitch is 9, the short-pitch is 8. Using short-pitch windings can further reduce motor torque ripple and NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness).

[0030] In existing technical solutions, wires are typically routed out at the welding end and connected to copper busbars. However, due to the different twisting spans of each coil at the welding end, multiple layers of copper busbars are stacked, resulting in an excessively large axial dimension of the motor, affecting the creepage distance and ultimately causing safety issues. To solve this technical problem, this application designs the internal stator structure of a 54-slot, 6-pole motor, proposing a short-pitch winding stator and motor. The following are embodiments of the short-pitch winding stator and motor.

[0031] As shown in Figures 1 to 5, this application provides a short-pitch winding stator, which includes a stator winding 100 and a stator core 200. The stator core 200 includes multiple stator slots 210, each of which includes 2N layers of receiving layers. The stator winding 100 includes a multi-phase winding structure 10, each of which includes two parallel coil groups 20. Each coil group 20 includes multiple coil structures 30 with different spans and two lead structures 32. Each coil structure 30 includes two connected coil conductor sides 31, which are respectively inserted into adjacent receiving layers of different stator slots 210. The multiple coil structures 30 of each coil group 20 are wound sequentially from the first layer of the receiving layer to the 2Nth layer. The two lead structures 32 are respectively located at both ends of the corresponding coil group 20 and inserted into the receiving layers of the first and 2Nth layers, and the lead structures 32 extend out from the crown end 50 of the stator winding 100.

[0032] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, in this embodiment, the stator core 200 includes 54 stator slots 210 distributed circumferentially, and the stator winding 100 includes a 3-phase winding structure 10. The number of pole pairs in the short-pitch winding stator is 3, therefore the number of slots per pole per phase is q, which is 3. Furthermore, the number of accommodating layers within the stator slots 210 can be 6, 8, or 10 layers; in this embodiment, it is specifically 8 layers.

[0033] Each phase winding structure 10 includes two parallel coil groups 20. In the entire stator winding 100, there are a total of six coil groups 20, namely U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, and W2. Each of the six coil groups 20 has a first end and a second end. The first ends of the two parallel coil groups 20 in each phase winding structure 10 are connected to form the input end of each phase winding structure 10. The second ends of the six coil groups 20 are connected to a single point, forming the input end of each phase winding structure 10. This connection point is the neutral point, thus forming a star connection of the three-phase winding structure 10.

[0034] The stator winding 100 has a welding end 40 and a crown end 50, that is, the coil structure 30 has a welding end 40 and a crown end 50. The two coil conductor sides 31 of the coil structure 30 are connected at the crown end 50, and at the welding end 40, they are connected to the coil structures 30 on both sides through twisting structures with opposite extension directions. At the welding end 40, the twisting span of the twisting structure of each coil structure 30 is 8, which can be arranged neatly and does not have a reverse twisting structure, thereby reducing the manufacturing difficulty of the welding end 40.

[0035] In specific implementation, the short-pitch winding stator of this application includes a stator winding 100 and a stator core 200. The stator winding 100 includes a multi-phase winding structure 10, and each phase winding structure 10 includes two parallel coil groups 20 to form two parallel branches for each phase. Each coil group 20 includes multiple coil structures 30 with different spans and two lead structures 32. The two coil conductor sides 31 of the coil structure 30 are respectively inserted into adjacent receiving layers in the two stator slots 210 of the stator core 200, so that each coil group 20 can be wound sequentially from the first layer to the 2Nth layer of the receiving layer, thereby forming a complete current path and realizing motor winding. The two lead structures 32 are respectively located at both ends of the corresponding coil group 20 and inserted into the receiving layers of the first and 2Nth layers, respectively, and connected to the beginning and end ends of the multiple coil structures 30 connected sequentially to form the input and output ends of each coil group 20 for current input and output.

[0036] Since the multiple lead structures 32 have identical structures and are all inserted into the receiving layers of the first and second layers, they can form a neat arrangement when they extend from the crown end 50 of the stator winding 100. Therefore, when copper busbars are used to connect the input terminals of the same phase coil group 20 and the output terminals of all coil groups separately, there is no need for complex multi-layer copper busbar settings, thereby reducing the overall axial dimension of the motor, ensuring sufficient creepage distance, and facilitating the overall layout of the motor.

[0037] In the short-pitch winding stator of this application embodiment, each coil group 20 includes three coil structures 30 with spans of Y-1, Y, and Y+2. Within the accommodating layers of the 2i and 2i-1 layers, the three coil structures 30 with spans of Y-1, Y, and Y+2 are interconnected to form a coil layer 21. Between the accommodating layers of the 2i and 2i+1 layers, adjacent coil layers 21 are connected by a coil structure 30 with a span of Y-1. This arrangement and winding method of the coil structures 30 allows the coil group 20 to be wound from the 1st layer to the 2Nth layer as a whole, forming a complete current path and avoiding conflicts between coil groups 20 of different phases or different groups of coil groups 20 within the same phase during the winding process.

[0038] Specifically, within the accommodating layers of the 2i layer and the 2i-1 layer, three types of coil structures 30 with spans of 9, 10, and 12 are interconnected to form a coil layer 21. In one coil layer 21, the spans of multiple coil structures 30 form a combination of spans of 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, and 12. Between the accommodating layers of the 2i layer and the 2i+1 layer, adjacent coil layers 21 are connected by a coil structure 30 with a span of 9.

[0039] Within the coil layer 21 of the first layer, there are three sets of coil structures 30. Each set of coil structures 30 has three coil structures 30 disposed within a continuous stator slot 210, or has two coil structures 30 and one lead structure 32 disposed within a continuous stator slot 210. In the three sets of coil structures 30, the span of the six coil structures 30 in two sets is 10, and the spans of the two coil structures 30 in the third set are 9 and 12, respectively. Furthermore, in the third set, if the third structure is a coil structure 30, the coil structure 30 spans the accommodating layers of the 2ith layer and the 2i+1th layer to achieve cross-layer connection, and the span of this coil structure 30 is also 9; if the third structure is a lead structure 32, one end of the lead structure 32 can extend from the crown end 50 and connect to the external circuit.

[0040] Taking the U-phase winding structure 10 as an example, Figure 5 shows the arrangement and connection of the two coil groups 20 of the U-phase winding structure 10 in the first two layers of the stator slot 210. The U1 coil group 20 is in the first coil layer 21. The three coil structures 30 are inserted into slots 8, 9, 10, 26, 27, 28, 44, 45, and 46 of the second layer, and respectively exited from slots 18, 19, 20, 36, 37, 38, and 2 of the first layer, slot 54 of the third layer, and slot 1 of the first layer. Slot 54 of the first layer is provided with a lead wire structure 32. One end of the lead wire structure 32 is connected to the twisted structure at the welding end 40 of the coil structure 30 in the 8th slot, while the other end of the lead wire structure 32 is connected to the external circuit for inputting the U-phase current. Each coil structure 30 of the U2 coil group 20 is spaced 6 slots apart from each coil structure 30 of the U1 coil group 20, allowing the V1 coil group 20 and W1 coil group 20 to be positioned between the U1 coil group 20 and the U2 coil group 20. Furthermore, the U2 coil group 20 in both the first and second layers also has a lead wire structure 32, which is used to output the U-phase current. It should be noted that the specific placement of the coil structure 30 described above is only an example; the position and winding of the coil structure 30 can be modified according to actual needs.

[0041] As shown in Figure 5, in the short-pitch winding stator of this embodiment, the lead structure 32 at both ends of each coil group 20 is respectively the input terminal 321 and the output terminal 322, and the number of stator slots 210 between the input terminal 321 and the output terminal 322 of each coil group 20 is Y-1.

[0042] The lead structures 32 at both ends of each coil group 20 are respectively the input terminal 321 and the output terminal 322. In the six coil groups 20 of the three-phase winding structure 10, the input terminals 321 are U1+, U2+, V1+, V2+, W1+, and W2+, and the output terminals 322 are U1-, U2-, V1-, V2-, W1-, and W2-. Among them, U1+, U2-, V1+, V2-, W1+, and W2- are located in the first layer, i.e., the innermost layer; U1-, U2+, V1-, V2+, W1-, and W2+ are located in the 2Nth layer, i.e., the outermost layer. It should be noted that the positions of the innermost and outermost lead structures 32 are not limited to the above description, and their positions can be interchanged. The coil groups 20 can also be rearranged and wound according to the positions of the lead structures 32.

[0043] The number of stator slots 210 between the input terminal 321 and the output terminal 322 of each coil group 20 is Y-1. In this embodiment, the number of slots is 9, so that the input terminal 321 and the output terminal 322 of the same coil group 20 are located closer together, so that the lead structure 32 of multiple coil groups 20 can be arranged in a concentrated manner, which facilitates the use of copper busbars for connection, reduces the number of copper busbar stacks, and optimizes the overall longitudinal space of the motor.

[0044] As shown in Figure 5, in the short-pitch winding stator of this embodiment, two parallel coil groups 20 are respectively a first coil group 201 and a second coil group 202. The input terminals 321 of the first coil group 201 and the second coil group 202 are respectively disposed in the first layer and the second layer. The output terminals 322 of the second coil group 202 and the first coil group 201 are respectively disposed in the first layer and the second layer. The number of slots between the input terminals 321 of each first coil group 201 is Y-4, and the number of slots between the input terminals 321 of each second coil group 202 is Y-4.

[0045] The first coil group 201 is the U1 coil group 20, the V1 coil group 20 and the W1 coil group 20, and the second coil group 202 is the U2 coil group 20, the V2 coil group 20 and the W2 coil group 20.

[0046] In specific implementation, the number of slots between the input terminals 321 of each first coil group 201 is set to Y-4, and the number of slots between the input terminals 321 of each second coil group 202 is Y-4. Since the number of stator slots 210 between the input terminals 321 and the output terminals 322 within the same coil group 20 is Y-1, the number of slots between the output terminals 322 of each first coil group 201 is set to Y-4, and the number of slots between the output terminals 322 of each second coil group 202 is also Y-4. This allows all the input terminals 321 and output terminals 322 of the three-phase winding structure 10 to be centrally located, facilitating the use of copper busbars for connection, reducing the number of copper busbar stacks, and further optimizing the overall longitudinal space of the motor.

[0047] Specifically, the number of slots between the input terminals 321 of each first coil group 201 is 6, and the number of slots between the input terminals 321 of each second coil group 202 is 6. In the three-phase winding structure 10, U1+ is in slot 54, U1- is in slot 45, U2+ is in slot 1, V1+ is in slot 6, and W1+ is in slot 12.

[0048] As shown in Figure 3, in the short-pitch winding stator of this embodiment, the lead structure 32 includes a first conductive connection portion 323, a lead conductor edge 324, and a second conductive connection portion 325 connected to each other. The lead conductor edge 324 is inserted into the stator slot 210. The first conductive connection portion 323 and the second conductive connection portion 325 are both in a twisted structure that is inclinedly connected to the lead conductor edge 324. The first conductive connection portion 323 is used to connect the coil structure 30, and the second conductive connection portion 325 is used to connect the external circuit.

[0049] In practice, the lead conductor side 324 is inserted into the stator slot 210 along the axial direction of the stator winding 100, and together with the coil conductor side 31 which is located in the adjacent stator slot 210, they form a complete coil group 20.

[0050] Both the first conductive connection portion 323 and the second conductive connection portion 325 are twisted structures that are inclinedly connected to the lead conductor edge 324. The first conductive connection portion 323 can be connected to its corresponding coil structure 30, while the second conductive connection portion 325 is twisted in the opposite direction, thereby facilitating the connection to external circuits. Furthermore, the second conductive connection portion 325 also includes an inclined connection portion 326 and a copper busbar connection portion 327. One end of the inclined connection portion 326 is inclinedly connected to the lead conductor edge 324, and the copper busbar connection portion 327 is connected to the other end of the inclined connection portion 326. The copper busbar connection portion 327 extends axially, which facilitates the connection of the copper busbar assembly 60 and reduces the process difficulty during connection.

[0051] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the short-pitch winding stator of this embodiment includes a stator winding 100 further comprising a copper busbar assembly 60. The copper busbar assembly 60 includes a first connecting copper busbar 61 and a second connecting copper busbar 62. The lead wire structures 32 are respectively an input terminal 321 and an output terminal 322. The two input terminals 321 of each phase winding structure 10 are connected through the first connecting copper busbar 61. The first connecting copper busbars 61 are spaced apart from each other. All output terminals 322 of the multi-phase winding structure 10 are connected through the second connecting copper busbar 62. The first connecting copper busbars 61 and the second connecting copper busbars 62 are spaced apart from each other.

[0052] In specific implementation, the first connecting copper busbars 61 of the copper busbar assembly 60 are spaced apart to avoid conductive connection between the incoming terminals 321 of each phase winding structure 10, thereby realizing three-phase incoming lines of the stator winding 100; while the first connecting copper busbars 61 and the second connecting copper busbars 62 are spaced apart to avoid conductive connection between the incoming terminals 321 and the outgoing terminals 322, thereby realizing the connection between all outgoing terminals 322 of the multi-phase winding structure 10 and completing the star connection of the stator winding 100.

[0053] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the short-pitch winding stator of this embodiment includes a first connecting copper busbar 61 comprising a first connecting plate 611, a first lead-out end 612, and a second lead-out end 613 connected together. The first connecting plate 611 extends circumferentially along the stator winding 100, and the first lead-out end 612 and the second lead-out end 613 both extend axially along the stator winding 100, respectively used to connect the input terminal 321 and the external circuit. The second connecting copper busbar 62 comprises a second connecting plate 621 and a third lead-out end 622 connected together. The second connecting plate 621 extends circumferentially along the stator winding 100, and the third lead-out end 622 extends axially along the stator winding 100, used to connect the output terminal 322. The first connecting plate 611 and the second connecting plate 621 are spaced apart axially, and at least a portion of the first connecting plate 611 is at the same height axially.

[0054] In specific implementation, the first connecting plate 611 and the second connecting plate 621 are spaced apart along the axial direction, so that the first connecting copper busbar 61 and the second connecting copper busbar 62 can be at different heights. This avoids positional conflicts between the first connecting copper busbar 61 and the second connecting copper busbar 62, preventing them from contacting each other and causing conductive connection between the input terminal 321 and the output terminal 322. The first connecting copper busbar 61 only needs to connect the two input terminals 321 of the same phase, so the extension length of the first connecting plate 611 is shorter. This allows at least part of the first connecting plate 611 to be at the same height in the axial direction, and the first connecting plates 611 will not contact each other. This arrangement reduces the overall number of layers of the first connecting copper busbar 61 and the second connecting copper busbar 62, optimizing the overall longitudinal space of the motor.

[0055] Specifically, the copper busbar assembly 60 includes three first connecting copper busbars 61, wherein the first connecting plates 611 of two circumferentially spaced first connecting copper busbars 61 are at the same height, and the first connecting plate 611 of the middle first connecting copper busbar 61 is at a different height from the other two first connecting plates 611. The double-layer structure of the first connecting copper busbars 61 can form a three-layer stacked structure with the second connecting copper busbars 62. Compared with the copper busbar structure that forms an independent layered structure, the copper busbar assembly 60 in this embodiment of the application has optimized the overall number of layers, reduced the axial dimension of the motor, ensured sufficient creepage distance, and avoided safety issues.

[0056] In the first connecting copper busbar 61, the first connecting plate 611 has an arc-shaped plate structure and extends circumferentially. The first connecting copper busbar 61 includes two first leads 612, which are respectively located on both sides of the first connecting plate 611 and are used to connect the same-phase input terminals 321 located in the innermost and outermost layers of the stator slot 210. The second lead 613 is located on the outer side of the first connecting plate 611 to facilitate external input. In the second connecting copper busbar 62, the second connecting plate 621 has an arc-shaped plate structure and extends circumferentially. The second connecting copper busbar 62 includes three sets of third leads 622, each set of third leads 622 including two third leads 622. The two third leads 622 of each set are respectively located on both sides of the second connecting plate 621 and are used to connect the same-phase output terminals 322 in the innermost and outermost layers.

[0057] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, in the short-pitch winding stator of this application embodiment, the second conductive connection portion 325 of the lead structure 32 in the first receiving layer has the opposite turning direction to the second conductive connection portion 325 of the lead structure 32 in the second N receiving layer, and the second conductive connection portions 325 of the two layers turn toward each other.

[0058] In each coil group 20, the number of stator slots 210 between the input terminal 321 and the output terminal 322 is Y-1, and there is a certain distance between them. By setting the second conductive connection portion 325 of the lead structure 32 in the first receiving layer and the second conductive connection portion 325 of the lead structure 32 in the 2Nth receiving layer to have opposite turning directions, and by turning the second conductive connection portions 325 of the two layers toward each other, all the lead structures 32 of the multiple coil groups 20 can be concentrated, which facilitates the connection of the copper busbar assembly 60 and reduces the difficulty of arranging the copper busbar assembly 60.

[0059] This application also provides an electric motor, which includes the aforementioned short-pitch winding stator.

[0060] In specific implementation, the motor in this application embodiment includes a short-pitch winding stator, which includes a stator winding 100 and a stator core 200. The stator winding 100 includes a multi-phase winding structure 10, and each phase winding structure 10 includes two parallel coil groups 20 to form two parallel branches for each phase. Each coil group 20 includes multiple coil structures 30 with different spans and two lead structures 32. The two coil conductor sides 31 of the coil structure 30 are respectively inserted into adjacent receiving layers in the two stator slots 210 of the stator core 200, so that each coil group 20 can be wound sequentially from the first layer to the 2Nth layer of the receiving layer, thereby forming a complete current path and realizing motor winding. Two lead structures 32 are respectively located at both ends of the corresponding coil group 20 and inserted into the receiving layers of the first and second layers. They are connected to the beginning and end of the multiple coil structures 30 connected in sequence to input and output current. Since the multiple lead structures 32 have the same structure and are all inserted into the receiving layers of the first and second layers, they can form a neat arrangement when they extend from the crown end 50 of the stator winding 100. Therefore, when connecting the copper busbars, there is no need to make complicated multi-layer copper busbar settings, thereby reducing the overall axial dimension of the motor, ensuring sufficient creepage distance, and avoiding safety problems.

[0061] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0062] The above description is merely a specific implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, modules, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A short-pitch winding stator, wherein, It includes a stator winding (100) and a stator core (200), wherein the stator core (200) includes a plurality of stator slots (210), and each stator slot (210) includes a 2N layer of receiving layer; The stator winding (100) includes a multi-phase winding structure (10), each phase of the winding structure (10) includes two parallel coil groups (20), each coil group (20) includes multiple coil structures (30) with different spans and two lead structures (32), each coil structure (30) includes two connected coil conductor sides (31), the two coil conductor sides (31) are respectively inserted into the adjacent receiving layers of different stator slots (210), the multiple coil structures (30) of each coil group (20) are wound sequentially from the first layer to the second layer of the receiving layer; the two lead structures (32) are respectively located at both ends of the corresponding coil group (20) and inserted into the receiving layers of the first layer and the second layer, and the lead structures (32) extend out from the crown end (50) of the stator winding (100).

2. The short pitch winding stator of claim 1, wherein, Each coil group (20) includes three coil structures (30) with spans of Y-1, Y and Y+2. Within the receiving layers of the 2i layer and the 2i-1 layer, the three coil structures (30) with spans of Y-1, Y and Y+2 are interconnected to form a coil layer (21). Between the receiving layers of the 2i layer and the 2i+1 layer, adjacent coil layers (21) are connected by the coil structure (30) with a span of Y-1.

3. The short pitch winding stator of claim 1, wherein, The lead structure (32) at both ends of each coil group (20) is an inlet terminal (321) and an outlet terminal (322), respectively. The number of stator slots (210) between the inlet terminal (321) and the outlet terminal (322) of each coil group (20) is Y-1.

4. The short pitch winding stator of claim 3, wherein, The two parallel coil groups (20) are a first coil group (201) and a second coil group (202), respectively. The input terminals (321) of the first coil group (201) and the second coil group (202) are respectively located in the first layer and the second layer. The output terminals (322) of the second coil group (202) and the first coil group (201) are respectively located in the first layer and the second layer. The number of slots between the input terminals (321) of each first coil group (201) is Y-4, and the number of slots between the input terminals (321) of each second coil group (202) is Y-4.

5. The short pitch winding stator of claim 1, wherein, The lead wire structure (32) includes a first conductive connection part (323), a lead wire conductor edge (324), and a second conductive connection part (325) connected together. The lead wire conductor edge (324) is inserted into the stator slot (210). The first conductive connection part (323) and the second conductive connection part (325) are both in a twisted structure that is inclined to the lead wire conductor edge (324). The first conductive connection part (323) is used to connect the coil structure (30), and the second conductive connection part (325) is used to connect the external circuit.

6. The short pitch winding stator of claim 5, wherein, The stator winding (100) further includes a copper busbar assembly (60), which includes a first connecting copper busbar (61) and a second connecting copper busbar (62). The lead wire structure (32) consists of an input terminal (321) and an output terminal (322). The two input terminals (321) of each phase winding structure (10) are connected through the first connecting copper busbar (61). The first connecting copper busbars (61) are spaced apart from each other. All the output terminals (322) of the multi-phase winding structure (10) are connected through the second connecting copper busbar (62). The first connecting copper busbar (61) and the second connecting copper busbar (62) are spaced apart from each other.

7. The short pitch winding stator of claim 6, wherein, The first connecting copper busbar (61) includes a first connecting plate (611), a first lead-out end (612), and a second lead-out end (613) connected together. The first connecting plate (611) extends circumferentially along the stator winding (100). The first lead-out end (612) and the second lead-out end (613) both extend axially along the stator winding (100) and are used to connect the incoming terminal (321) and the external circuit, respectively. The second connecting copper busbar (62) includes a second connecting plate (621) and a third lead-out end (622) connected together. The second connecting plate (621) extends circumferentially along the stator winding (100), and the third lead-out end (622) extends axially along the stator winding (100) and is used to connect the outgoing terminal (322). The first connecting plate (611) and the second connecting plate (621) are spaced apart along the axial direction, and at least a portion of the first connecting plate (611) is at the same height in the axial direction.

8. The short pitch winding stator of claim 5 wherein, The second conductive connection portion (325) of the lead structure (32) in the first layer of the receiving layer has the opposite turning direction to the second conductive connection portion (325) of the lead structure (32) in the second N layer of the receiving layer, and the second conductive connection portions (325) of the two layers turn toward each other.

9. The short pitch winding stator of claim 2 wherein, The stator core (200) includes 54 stator slots (210) distributed circumferentially, the stator winding (100) includes a 3-phase winding structure (10), and the short-pitch winding stator has 3 pole pairs. Within the receiving layers of the 2i layer and the 2i-1 layer, three types of coil structures (30) with spans of 9, 10, and 12 are interconnected to form the coil layer (21). In one coil layer (21), the spans of multiple coil structures (30) form a combination of spans of 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, and 12. Between the receiving layers of the 2i layer and the 2i+1 layer, adjacent coil layers (21) are connected by coil structures (30) with a span of 9.

10. An electric machine wherein, Includes a short-pitch winding stator as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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