A system for simulating surgical interventions

Abstract

The present disclosure discloses a system for simulating surgical interventions. The system includes a base (1), a training unit (500) supported on the base (1) and at least a pair of haptic devices (300) connectable to the base (1) to selectively generate a haptic feedback. The system includes an adapter unit coupled to the pair of haptic devices and to receive and engage at least one surgical tool (200) with the training unit. Further, the system includes at least one first connector (401) with a first predefined profile and at least one second connector (402) with a second predefined profile to define different training layouts and orient the at least one surgical tool (200) in different orientations relative to the training unit (500), to perform the training simulation, corresponding to training layout and type of the at least one surgical tool.a is a representative figure

Description

[0001] A SYSTEM FOR SIMULATING SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to surgical training systems. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a system for simulating surgical interventions and a method thereof.

[0003] BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0004] Generally, traditional methods are followed for training in medical field. One such traditional method is a SODOTO methodology of see one, do one and teach one, where a user needs to see a medical procedure being performed on a real patient, perform the medical procedure on the real patient, and thereafter teach the medical procedure. The SODOTO methodology has been supplemented by a series of two-dimensional (2D) static medical imaging data and cadaver dissection. The 2D static medical imaging data comprises images of tests such as X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Ultrasound, and the like. Additionally, training units of diverse types, such as plastic organs, are used to supplement human models for training in the medical field.

[0005] However, the traditional SODOTO methodology, often falls short in equipping the user for the diverse and dynamic environments encountered during real surgical interventions. One of the primary problems with conventional training methods is reliance on static two-dimensional (2D) medical imaging and general training units that do not adequately represent the complexities of actual surgical scenarios. For instance, one type of surgery may require incisions that can be several centimeters apart, leading to a very different workstation layout and tool manipulation compared to other type of surgical interventions, where the working space may be drastically reduced, often limited to just a few centimeters. Such variations necessitate distinct arrangements for surgical tools and equipment, which may greatly influence the effectiveness and efficiency of the training procedure. Moreover, traditional training may not address variations in patient anatomy and the specific spatial requirements of different surgical approaches. In one surgery, surgical tools might be positioned from the patient's side, whereas in another surgery, the surgical tools could enter from above or through a different orientation entirely. Accordingly, with existing training systems, there is a lack of hands-on experience in configuring workspace depending on the procedure type. Such lack of hands-on experience not only hampers skill acquisition but also increases the risk of errors during surgical interventions. Therefore, without considering variances in physiology, procedural layout, and tool arrangement, the user may struggle to adapt during real-world surgical interventions, leading to potential complications and adverse outcomes for the patients, which are not desirable.

[0006] The present disclosure is directed to overcome one or more limitations stated above or any other limitations associated with the conventional mechanisms.

[0007] The drawbacks / difficulties / disadvantages / limitations of the conventional techniques explained in the background section are just for exemplary purpose and the disclosure would never limit its scope to only such limitations. A person skilled in the art would understand that this disclosure and below mentioned description may also solve other problems or overcome the other drawbacks / disadvantages of the conventional arts which are not explicitly captured above.

[0008] SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0009] One or more shortcomings of the prior art are overcome by a system for simulating surgical interventions and a method thereof as claimed and additional advantages are provided through the system and the method as claimed in the present disclosure. Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present disclosure. Other embodiments and aspects of the disclosure are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed disclosure.

[0010] In one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure a system for simulating surgical interventions is disclosed. The system includes a base defined with a plurality of engaging portions extending away from the base in a predefined orientation. The system includes a training unit supported on the base. The training unit is structured to simulate a portion of a surgical subject. The system includes at least a pair of haptic devices detachably connectable to the base. The pair of haptic devices is configured to selectively generate a haptic feedback. Further, the pair of haptic devices are defined with one or more arms to receive and transmit the haptic feedback. The system includes an adapter unit connectable to the one or more arms of the pair of haptic devices and engageable with a portion of the training unit. The adapter unit is structured to receive at least a portion of at least one surgical tool. The adapter unit is configured to receive and transmit force between the at least one surgical tool and the training unit.

[0011] Further, the system includes at least one first connector defined with a first predefined profile and having a first set of coupling portions complementing the plurality of engaging portions. The at least one first connector is detachably connectable between the base and one of the pair of haptic devices. Furthermore, the system includes at least one second connector defined with a second predefined profile and having a second set of coupling portions complementing the plurality of engaging portions. The at least one second connector is detachably connectable between the base and one of the pair of haptic devices. The at least one first connector, and the at least one second connector are detachably connectable to the base to position the pair of haptic devices relative to the base based on the first predefined profile and the second predefined profile. Such configuration aids to define different training layouts and orient the at least one surgical tool in different orientations relative to the training unit. The system further includes at least one tool rack connectable to one of the at least one first connector and the at least one second connector. The at least one tool rack is structured to removably support the at least one surgical tool.

[0012] Further, the system includes a control unit communicatively coupled to the pair of haptic devices, the at least one first connector, the at least one second connector and the at least one tool rack. The control unit is configured to identify a type of the at least one surgical tool received by the adapter unit. Further, the control unit identifies a training layout based on connection between the at least one first connector, the at least one second connector, the pair of haptic devices and the at least one tool rack. Further, the control unit determines a training simulation based on the training layout and the type of the at least one surgical tool received by the adapter unit. The control unit, then, regulates operation of the pair of haptic devices to provide haptic feedback to the adapter unit to perform the training simulation.

[0013] In an embodiment, the system includes a comprises a first plurality of sensors communicatively coupled to the control unit and disposed within the adapter unit and the at least one surgical tool. The first plurality of sensors are configured to transmit at least one first signal corresponding to type of at least one surgical tool received at the adapter unit.

[0014] In an embodiment, the at least one first connector, and the at least one second connector includes a second plurality of sensors communicatively coupled to the control unit and disposed proximal to the first set of coupling portions and the second set of coupling portions. The second plurality of sensors are configured to transmit at least one second signal corresponding to the training layout of the at least one first connector and the at least one second connector.

[0015] In an embodiment, the adapter unit includes a holder connectable to the one or more arms, and defined with a receiving portion to receive the at least one surgical tool.

[0016] In an embodiment, the adapter unit includes an adapter coupled to the one or more arms, the adapter defined with a provision to removably accommodate and mount a portion of the at least one surgical tool on the holder.

[0017] In an embodiment, the holder is defined with an aperture adjacent to the receiving portion to accommodate at least one auxiliary sensor.

[0018] In an embodiment, the system includes a wiring harness to couple the at least one surgical tool to the control unit. In an embodiment, the at least one surgical tool comprises a locking unit configured to engage and disengage with the at least one tool rack and the receiving portion of the holder.

[0019] In an embodiment, the control unit is configured to identify the type of at least one surgical tool and the training layout from the at least one first signal and the at least one second signal.

[0020] In an embodiment, the at least one tool rack is detachably connectable to the first set of coupling portions and the second set of coupling portions.

[0021] In another non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of operating a system for simulating surgical interventions is disclosed. The method includes the steps of identifying, by a control unit, a type of at least one surgical tool received by an adapter unit of the system. The control unit identifies a training layout based on connection between at least one first connector, at least one second connector, at least a pair of haptic devices and the at least one tool rack. Further, the control unit determines a training simulation based on the training layout and the type of the at least one surgical tool received by the adapter unit. The control unit then regulates operation of the pair of haptic devices to provide haptic feedback to the adapter unit to perform the training simulation.

[0022] The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.

[0023] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS

[0024] The novel features and characteristic of the disclosure are set forth in the appended claims. The disclosure itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying figures. One or more embodiments are now described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying figures where like reference numerals represent like elements and in which:

[0025] Figure la illustrates a perspective view of a system for simulating surgical interventions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure lb illustrates a plan view of the system for simulating surgical interventions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 1c illustrates a plan view of the system for simulating surgical interventions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure Id illustrates a perspective view of the system for simulating surgical interventions of Figure la, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 2 illustrates a perspective view of at least one surgical tool connected to one or more arms of a haptic device, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 3 illustrates a perspective view of an adapter, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 4a illustrates a plan view of the system for simulating surgical interventions depicting a first training layout and a first orientation of the at least one surgical tool, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 4b illustrates a perspective view of the system for simulating surgical interventions of Figure 4a depicting the first training layout, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5a illustrates a plan view of the system for simulating surgical interventions depicting a second training layout and a second orientation of the at least one surgical tool, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 5b illustrates a perspective view of the system for simulating surgical interventions of Figure 4a, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 6 illustrates a perspective view of the system for simulating surgical interventions depicting a single port configuration of an adapter unit, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 7 illustrates a perspective view of the system for simulating surgical interventions depicting a dual-port configuration of the adapter unit, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 8 illustrates a perspective view of different tools mounted on a tool rack of the system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 9 illustrates a perspective view of an angular trigger, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 10 illustrates a perspective view of a scissor type tool, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 11 illustrates a perspective view of a linear trigger, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 12 illustrates a perspective view of a straight tool, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 13 is a block diagram depicting the system for simulating surgical interventions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 14 is a flow diagram depicting a method for operating a system for simulating surgical interventions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 15 illustrates an overview of components of the system for simulating surgical interventions of Figure la, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] The figures depict embodiments of the disclosure for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the system and method illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.

[0044] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] While the embodiments in the disclosure are subject to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example in the figures and will be described below. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternative falling within the scope of the disclosure.

[0046] The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any other variations thereof used in the disclosure, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a system, and a method that comprises a list of components does not include only those components but may include other components not expressly listed or inherent to such system, or assembly, or device. In other words, one or more elements in a system proceeded by “comprises ... a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or method.

[0047] Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a system for simulating surgical interventions. The system includes a base defined with a plurality of engaging portions extending away from the base in a predefined orientation. The system includes a training unit supported on the base. The training unit is structured to simulate a portion of a surgical subject. The system includes at least a pair of haptic devices detachably connectable to the base. The pair of haptic devices is configured to selectively generate a haptic feedback. Further, the pair of haptic devices are defined with one or more arms to receive and transmit the haptic feedback. The system includes an adapter unit connectable to the one or more arms of the pair of haptic devices and engageable with a portion of the training unit. The adapter unit is structured to receive at least a portion of at least one surgical tool. The adapter unit is configured to receive and transmit force between the at least one surgical tool and the training unit.

[0048] Further, the system includes at least one first connector defined with a first predefined profile and having a first set of coupling portions complementing the plurality of engaging portions. The at least one first connector is detachably connectable between the base and one of the pair of haptic devices. Furthermore, the system includes at least one second connector defined with a second predefined profile and having a second set of coupling portions complementing the plurality of engaging portions. The at least one second connector is detachably connectable between the base and one of the pair of haptic devices. The at least one first connector, and the at least one second connector are detachably connectable to the base to position the pair of haptic devices relative to the base based on the first predefined profile and the second predefined profile. Such configuration aids to define different training layouts and orient the at least one surgical tool in different orientations relative to the training unit. The system further includes at least one tool rack connectable to one of the at least one first connector and the at least one second connector. The at least one tool rack is structured to removably support the at least one surgical tool.

[0049] Further, the system includes a control unit communicatively coupled to the pair of haptic devices, the at least one first connector, the at least one second connector and the at least one tool rack. The control unit is configured to identify a type of the at least one surgical tool received by the adapter unit. Further, the control unit identifies a training layout based on connection between the at least one first connector, the at least one second connector, the pair of haptic devices and the at least one tool rack. Further, the control unit determines a training simulation based on the training layout and the type of the at least one surgical tool received by the adapter unit. The control unit, then, regulates operation of the pair of haptic devices to provide haptic feedback to the adapter unit to perform the training simulation. With such configuration, the system may simulate surgical interventions with enhanced experience with adequate forces and corresponding training layout for the user, thereby enhancing hands-on experience in surgical interventions. With such configuration, the system may reduce or eliminate potential complications and adverse outcomes for the patients due to lack of hands-on experience.

[0050] The disclosure is described in the following paragraphs with reference to Figures la to 15. In the figures, the same element or elements which have same functions are indicated by the same reference signs. One skilled in the art would appreciate that the system and the method as disclosed in the present disclosure may be used in any simulation systems including but not limiting to surgical simulation systems, other simulation systems for simulating one of welding training, carpentry, electrical PCB assembly (including soldering) and the like. The system and the method of the present disclosure may also be implemented in any simulation systems involving a tool requiring manual intervention for surgery on a training unit without deviating from the principles of the present disclosure.

[0051] Figure la is an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure which illustrates a perspective view of a system (100) for simulating surgical interventions. In the present disclosure, the system (100) provides simulation of surgical interventions for training a user (155) on a training unit (500). Such training of the user (155) refers to training the user (155) on a single surgical intervention or various surgical interventions. Such surgical interventions may include, but are not limited to, a spine surgery, a knee replacement surgery, a bone marrow transplant, and other types of invasive interventions. The system (100) includes a base (1). In an embodiment, the base (1) may be defined by one of a rectangular profile, a square profile, and other suitable profiles structured to accommodate a training unit (500). In one implementation, the base (1) is defined with one or more legs to be mounted on floor or a surface such as but not limited to a table. The base (1) is made of metals such as but not limited to Iron, Stainless Steel and non-metals etc., to withstand forces during simulation of the surgical intervention on the training unit (500) and to support the training unit (500). The training unit (500) is supported on the base (1) as shown in Figures la and lb, and is structured to resemble a portion of the surgical subject. In an exemplary embodiment, the training unit (500) is structured to resemble a portion of a spine of the surgical subject to provide simulation of spine surgery, etc.

[0052] Further, the base (1) is defined with a plurality of engaging portions (11) extending away from the base (1) in a predefined orientation. The plurality of engaging portions (11) may be in the form of projections, slots, grooves and the like. In the illustrative embodiment, the plurality of engaging portions (11) are depicted as projections extending away from the base (1) as shown in Figure lb. The predefined orientation of plurality of engaging portions (11) correspond to different training layouts of the system (100) for accommodating different components of the system (100) in different training layouts corresponding to different surgical interventions. In the illustrative embodiment, the predefined orientation of the plurality of engaging portions (11) is depicted to be diametrically opposite to each other as shown in Figure lb. Such configuration of the plurality of engaging portions (11) aids to couple different components of the system (100) to the base (1) on both sides of the base (1) and provides modularity to switch position of the components of the system (100) relative to the base (1) to vary the training layout of the system (100) based on the training simulation required. In an embodiment, the plurality of engaging portions (11) are defined at any location along the periphery of the base (1) based on design requirements of the system (100).

[0053] Further, the system (100) includes the training unit (500) supported on the base (1) as shown in Figures la and lb, and structured to simulate a portion of the surgical subject. In an exemplary embodiment, the training unit (500) is structured to resemble a portion of a spine of the surgical subject to provide simulation of spine surgery, etc. In an embodiment, the training unit (500) may be structured to simulate one of a chest portion, a leg portion, an arm portion, a skull portion and the like and the same shall not be construed as a limitation. In an embodiment, the training unit (500) may be defined with one or more ports (501) or apertures corresponding to site of surgery, for example, one or more ports (501) [shown in Figure 4a] proximal to spine structure of the training unit (500). Such configuration of the one or more ports (501) may provide access to the region of interest within the training unit (500) to the user (155) while aligning the at least one surgical tool (200) based on the position of the one or more ports (501). The position and number of ports (501) of the training unit (500) may be varied based on type of portion of the surgical subject being simulated and the same shall not be construed as a limitation.

[0054] Referring now to Figures 1c and Id, the system (100) includes at least a pair of haptic devices (300) detachably connectable to the base (1). The pair of haptic devices (300) are configured to selectively generate a haptic feedback. The pair of haptic devices (300) are configured to generate the haptic feedback corresponding to type of surgical intervention being simulated by the system (100). For example, the haptic feedback includes resistive force corresponding to tension in a muscle of back near spine in a simulation of a spinal surgery and the like. Further, the pair of haptic devices (300) are defined with one or more arms (310) to receive and transmit the haptic feedback to the user (155). The one or more arms (310) extend toward the training unit (500) as shown in Figures 1c and Id to receive at least one surgical tool (200) and engage the at least one surgical tool (200) with a portion of the training unit (500). In an embodiment, the one or more arms (310) may include angular arms, cartesian arms and the like. In the illustrative embodiment, the one or more arms (310) are depicted as angular arms (310) for 3 dimensional movement of the at least one surgical tool (200) and the same shall not be construed as a limitation, as other 3 -dimensional arms (310) suitable for movement of the at least one surgical tool (200) may also be implemented. In an embodiment, the one or more arms (310) may include multiple links pivotally or rigidly coupled to each other to extend between the pair of haptic devices (300) and the training unit (500) and to form the connection between the training unit (500) and the pair of haptic devices (300).

[0055] Referring now to Figures 2 and 3, the system (100) includes an adapter unit (2) connectable to the one or more arms (310) extending from the pair of haptic devices (300). The adapter unit (2) is structured to receive at least a portion of at least one surgical tool (200) and is engageable with a portion of the training unit (500). The adapter unit (2) is configured to receive and transmit force between the at least one surgical tool (200) and the training unit (500). The adapter unit (2) includes a holder (21) connectable to the one or more arms (310) defined with a receiving portion (2a) to receive the at least one surgical tool (200). In an embodiment, the receiving portion (2a) includes one of a slot, a groove, an aperture (21a) and the like complementing an end portion of the at least one surgical tool (200) as shown in Figure 2. In an embodiment, the receiving portion (2a) is defined with an arcuate profile to adaptably receive different tools and assist the user (155) in mounting the at least one surgical tool (200) in different orientations relative to the holder (21) based on requirement. In an embodiment, the receiving portion (2a) is defined with at least one magnet (326), as shown in Figure 3, configured to connect to end portion of the at least one surgical tool (200), where the at least one surgical tool (200) is defined with a magnetic metal tip to connect to the at least one magnet (326) for accurately mounting the at least one surgical tool (200) on the holder (21). In an embodiment, the receiving portion (2a) includes a sleeve [not shown explicitly in Figures] rotatably disposed at the receiving portion (2a) configured to aid in rotation of the at least one surgical tool (200) relative to the holder (21) based on the training simulation. In an embodiment, the holder (21) includes a plunger [not shown in Figures] operatively connectable to the sleeve protruding out from the holder (21) and engageable with the training unit (500). The plunger is configured to receive and transmit movement of the at least one surgical tool (200) to the training unit (500). Further, the holder (21) includes a transmission mechanism [not shown in Figures] which may be including, not limited to, a gear mechanism, a rack and pinion mechanism and the like, operatively coupled between the sleeve and the plunger and disposed within the holder (21) to convert the rotation of the at least one surgical tool (200) to one of translation, rotation of the plunger to engage with the training unit (500) for simulating training of the surgical intervention. In the illustrative embodiment, the at least one surgical tool (200) is structured to resemble the actual surgical tools utilized in surgical interventions. In an embodiment, the holder (21) is defined by one of a cylindrical profile, cuboidal profile, etc. Such configuration of the holder (21) aids to simulate hands-on training for the user (155) with each tool (200) of the at least one surgical tool (200). In an embodiment, the holder (21) is defined with an aperture (21a) adjacent to the receiving portion (2a) to accommodate at least one auxiliary sensor [not shown in Figures] . The at least one auxiliary sensor includes one of a camera, fluorescence sensors, ultrasound probes and the like, which are used in tandem with the at least one surgical tools (200) in simulation of surgical interventions such as endoscopy, laparoscopy, etc as shown in Figure 6. Such configuration of the holder (21) having the aperture (21a) aids to simulate tandem operation of the at least one surgical tool (200) with the at least one auxiliary sensor to the user (155). In another exemplary embodiment, the tool (200) is mounted on arms (310) of one haptic device (300) and the auxiliary sensor is mounted separately on the holder (21) for individual operation of the at least one surgical tool (200) and the auxiliary sensor as shown in Figure 7. In an embodiment, the transmission mechanism is operatively coupled to the at least one auxiliary sensor and the plunger to simultaneously rotate or displace both the plunger and the auxiliary sensor during the training simulation. In an embodiment, the holder (21) may include separate transmission mechanisms for each of the plunger and the at least one auxiliary sensor to aid the user ( 155) to rotate or displace the plunger and the at least one auxiliary sensor separately and the same shall not be construed as a limitation.

[0056] Further, the adapter unit (2) includes an adapter (22) coupled to the one or more arms (310). The adapter (22) is structured to fixedly mount the at least one surgical tool (200) relative to the holder (21) and the one or more arms (310), where the adapter (22) is structured to compensate for length of the holder (21) as can be seen in Figure 2. In an embodiment, the holder (21) is connected to arms (310) of one haptic device (300) of the pair of haptic devices (300), while the adapter (22) is coupled between arms (310) of the other haptic device (300) and the receiving portion (2a) of the holder (21) as shown in Figure 2. The adapter (22) is defined by one of an serpentine profile, an inverted L-shaped profile, a Z-shaped profile and an arcuate profile etc. In the illustrative embodiment, the adapter (22) is depicted with an L-shaped profile as shown in Figure 3 to reduce the material required for the adapter (22) and enhance ease of mounting the at least one surgical tool (200). Further, the adapter (22) defined with a provision (22a) to removably accommodate and mount a portion of the at least one surgical tool (200) on the holder (21). The provision (22a) is structured to align with the receiving portion (2a) of the holder (21) where a portion of the at least one surgical tool (200) engages with the provision (22a) first and the receiving portion (2a) of the holder (21) while mounted on the adapter unit (2) as show in Figure 2.

[0057] In an illustrative embodiment, as seen in Figure 3, the system (100) is depicted with two haptic devices (300) to provide haptic feedback to the user (155), however, the same cannot be construed as a limitation as the number of haptic devices (300) may be varied based on design requirements of the system (100). However, the user (155) may need to use multiple tools (200) (up to 7 to 10 tools (200)) in a single surgical intervention which may be simulated by swapping out the tools (200). In an embodiment, the at least one surgical tool (200) includes a locking unit (290) configured to engage and disengage with the at least one tool rack (600) and the receiving portion (2a) of the holder (21). The locking unit (290) includes a lever (290) (shown in Figure 8) slidably disposable at an end portion of the each of the at least one surgical tool (200). The lever (290) is displaced to extend outward from the at least one surgical tool (200) to engage with the at least one tool rack (600) and the receiving portion (2a) of the holder (21) for locking the at least one surgical tool (200). The lever (290) is displaced back inward into the at least one surgical tool (200) to disengage with the at least one tool rack (600) and the receiving portion (2a) of the holder (21) for unlocking the at least one surgical tool (200). Such configuration of the locking unit (290) aids in locking and unlocking the at least one surgical tool (200) from the at least one tool rack (600) and the receiving portion (2a) using only one hand, thereby reducing complexity of connecting and disconnecting the at least one surgical tool (200) from the at least one tool rack (600) and the holder (21). In an embodiment, each tool (200) of the at least one surgical tool (200) are defined with a metal pin [not shown in Figures] and a head [not shown in Figures] to assist the user ( 155) to align the tool (200) with the adapter (22) on the one or more arms (310) of the haptic device (300) and lock the tool (200) in with a push of lever (290) of the locking unit (290). The at least one surgical tool (200) is released from the haptic device (300) by activating the lever (290) on a side of the at least one surgical tool (200).

[0058] Referring back to Figures 1c and Id, the system (100) includes at least one first connector (401) defined with a first predefined profile. The at least one first connector (401) is detachably connectable between the base (1) and one of the pair of haptic devices (300). The at least one first connector (401) is structured as one of a plate, an arm etc., structured to extend between one of the pair of haptic devices (300) and the base (1). In an embodiment, the first predefined profile of the at least one first connector (401) includes one of a straight profile, Y-shaped profile, T-shaped profile, L-shaped profile, V-shaped profile, an arcuate profile and the like having at least two ends. In an embodiment, the number of ends and profile of the at least one first connector (401) may be varied based on design and space requirements of the system ( 100) and the same shall not be construed as a limitation. In the illustrative embodiment, the at least one first connector (401) is depicted with a Y-shaped profile having three ends as shown in Figures 1c and Id. Such configuration of the at least one first connector (401) aids to connect one of the pair of haptic devices (300) at one end, connection to the base (1) at one end and connection to a tool rack (600) accommodating the at least one surgical tool (200) at the other end. Such first predefined profile of the at least one first connector (401) aids to position the haptic device (300) and the tool rack (600) in a specific training layout and such position is variable based on alignment of the at least one first connector (401) with the base (1). For example, when the at least one first connector (401) is defined as a Y-shaped predefined profile, the haptic device (300) is connected to one arm of the Y-shaped profile, the base (1) is connected to another arm of the Y -shaped profile an the tool rack (600) is connected at a stem portion of the Y-shaped profile to position the haptic device (300) and the tool rack (600) proximal to each other as shown in Figures 1c. In one implementation, the system (100) includes different shaped first connectors as shown in Figure 1c, where the first connector (401) with Y-shaped profile is detached and the at least one first connector (401) having T-shaped profile is connected to the base (1), the haptic device (300) and the tool rack (600) to position the haptic device (300) and the tool rack (600) away from each other as can be seen in Figures 5a and 5b. The at least one first connector (401) includes a first set of coupling portions (401a) complementing the plurality of engaging portions (11) of the base (1). The first set of coupling portions (401a) may be in the form of a slot, a groove, a ring, and the like complementing the plurality of engaging portions (11) of the base (1). In the illustrative embodiment, the plurality of engaging portions (11) are depicted as projections and the first set of coupling portions (401a) are depicted as dove shaped slots as clearly shown in Figures lb and 1c and the same shall not be construed as a limitation as the same may be varied based on design requirements of the at least one first connector (401) and the base (1).

[0059] Referring now to Figures lb and 1c, the system (100) includes at least one second connector (402) defined with a second predefined profile. The at least one second connector (402) is detachably connectable between the base (1) and one of the pair of haptic devices (300). The at least one second connector (402) is structured as one of a plate, an arm etc., structured to extend between one of the pair of haptic devices (300) and the base (1). In an embodiment, the second predefined profile of the at least one second connector (402) includes one of a straight profile, a Z-shaped profile, arcuate shaped profile, L-shaped profile, V-shaped profile, an arcuate profile and the like having at least two ends. In an embodiment, the number of ends and profile of the at least one first connector (401) may be varied based on design and space requirements of the system (100) and the same shall not be construed as a limitation. In the illustrative embodiment, the at least one second connector (402) is depicted with an elbow-shaped profile having two ends as shown in Figures lb and 1c. Such configuration of the at least one second connector (402) aids to connect one of the pair of haptic devices (300) at one end, and connect to the base (1) at the other end. Such second predefined profile of the at least one second connector (402) aids to position the haptic device (300) and base (1) in a specific training layout and such position is variable based on alignment of the at least one second connector (402) relative to the base (1). For example, when the at least one second connector (402) is defined as an elbow shaped predefined profile, the haptic device (300) is connected to one end of the at least one second connector (402), where the base (1) is connected to another end of the at least one second connector (402) to position the haptic device (300) away from the base (1) and the other haptic device (300) connected to the at least one first connector (401) as shown in Figures 1c and Id. In one implementation, the system (100) includes different shaped second connectors as shown in Figure 1c, where the at least one second connector (402) with elbow shaped profile is detached and the at least one second connector (402) having Z-shaped profile is connected to the base (1), and the haptic device (300) to position the pair of haptic devices (300) diametrically opposite to each other as can be seen in Figures 6a and 6b. Further, the at least one second connector (402) includes a second set of coupling portions (402a) complementing the plurality of engaging portions (11) of the base (1). The second set of coupling portions (402a) may be in the form of a slot, a groove, a ring, and the like complementing the plurality of engaging portions (11) of the base (1). In the illustrative embodiment, the plurality of engaging portions (11) are depicted as projections and the second set of coupling portions (402a) are depicted as dove shaped slots as clearly shown in Figures lb and 1c and the same shall not be construed as a limitation as the same may be varied based on design requirements of the at least one second connector (402) and the base (1). In an embodiment, the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402) are made of one of Polymethyl methacrylate, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel etc and combinations thereof. Based on the strength and tolerance required for each type of training simulation, the material of the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402) is varied. Further, the at least one first connector (401), and the at least one second connector (402) are detachably connectable to the base (1) to position the pair of haptic devices (300) relative to the base (1) based on the first predefined profile and the second predefined profile. In the illustrative embodiment, the at least one first connector (401) with the first predefined profile of Y -shaped profile having three ends and the at least one second connector (402) with the second predefined profile of elbowshaped profile result in a first training layout as shown in Figures 1c and Id. In another illustrative embodiment, the at least one first connector (401) having T-shaped profile and the at least one second connector (402) having Z-shaped profile are connected between the base (1) and the pair of haptic devices (300) resulting in a second training layout. In an embodiment, the first training layout may correspond to simulation of a spinal surgery where the at least one surgical tool (200) is aligned proximal to a top portion of the training unit (500) as shown in Figures 1c and Id and the second training layout may correspond to a knee surgery where the at least one surgical tool (200) is aligned proximal to a bottom portion of the training unit (500) as shown in Figures 6a and 6b. Such configuration of the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402) aids to define different training layouts and orient the at least one surgical tool (200) in different orientations relative to the training unit (500) in each layout corresponding to the training simulation. Such configuration of the system (100) aids to train the user (155) for multiple training simulations relating to different surgical interventions in a single system, without requiring dedicated training systems for each training simulation of different surgical interventions. Further, such configuration of the system (100) may simulate surgical interventions with enhanced experience with adequate forces and corresponding training layout for the user (155), thereby enhancing hands-on experience in surgical interventions. With such configuration, the system (100) may reduce or eliminate potential complications and adverse outcomes for the patients due to lack of hands -on experience.

[0060] Referring now to Figure 8 in conjunction with Figures la to Id, the system (100) further includes at least one tool rack (600) connectable to one of the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402). The at least one tool rack (600) is structured to removably support the at least one surgical tool (200). The at least one tool rack (600) includes a body (601). In an embodiment, the body (601) may be defined by one of a cuboidal profile, cubical profile, etc, to removably accommodate the at least one surgical tool (200). The at least one tool rack (600) is defined with a third set of coupling portions (601a) configured to couple the at least one tool rack (600) to one of the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402). The at least one tool rack (600) is detachably connectable to the first set of coupling portions (401a) and the second set of coupling portions (402a). The third set of coupling portions (601a) are defined with a profile complementing the plurality of engaging portions (11) of the base (1). In an embodiment, the third set of coupling portions (601a) may be in the form of a slot, a groove, a ring, and the like, which complement the plurality of engaging portions (11) of the base (1). In the illustrative embodiment, the plurality of engaging portions (11) are depicted as projections and the third set of coupling portions (601a) are depicted as dove shaped slots as shown in Figures 8, lb and 1c and the same shall not be construed as a limitation as the same may be interchanged or varied based on design requirements of the at least one tool rack (600), the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402).

[0061] In an embodiment, the at least one tool rack (600) is defined with one or more mounting portions including, but not limited to, a groove, slot, cavity, an aperture (21a) and the like. Further, the at least one tool rack (600) may be structured to accommodate the at least one surgical tool (200), where the number of surgical tools (200) accommodated may be varied based on number of training simulations performed through the system (100). In the illustrative embodiment, the one or more mounting portions are depicted as four slots defined on the body (601) as shown in Figure 8 to accommodate four surgical tools (200) and the same shall not be construed as a limitation. Further, the four surgical tools (200) are defined based on surgical tool (200) interfaces in the operating room such as knives, graspers, punches, drills, cameras, sleeves, retractors, scissors, curette, probe, needle holder, dilator, sleeve etc. and interface mechanism of each such tool (200) (how the user (155) holds the tools (200) and the mechanism by which the tools (200) are activated). Here for sake of illustration, the surgical tools (200) are consolidated into four common tools as shown in Figure 8. In an embodiment, the four common tools include an angular trigger (210) shown in Figure 9, a scissor type tool (220) shown in Figure 10, a lineartrigger (230) shown in Figure 11, and a straight tool (240) shown in Figure 12.

[0062] In an embodiment, as depicted in Figure 9, the angular trigger (210) is structured to simulate angular movement of a handle (210a) as shown in Figure 6. The angular trigger (210) by the handle (210a) is configured to simulate minimum rotation of 30 degrees and a rotation resolution of 0.1 degrees. The angular trigger (210) includes a high resolution magnetic rotary sensor (212) with a minimum of 12-bit resolution is used as a sensor (212) to measure angular movement of the angular trigger (210). For example, the sensor (212) may be including, not limited to, one of a potentiometer, rotary encoder, magnetic encoder, hall effect sensors, resolvers, optical encoders etc. The angular trigger (210) includes a spring -loaded trigger configured to bias the trigger to the rest position after release by the user (155). The angular trigger (210) simulates tools (200) like punches, Kerrison, retractors and multiple types of surgical rongeurs etc.

[0063] In an embodiment, as depicted in Figure 10, the scissor type tool (220) is structured to simulate scissoring movement of a handle (220a) with a minimum rotation of 15 degrees and a resolution of 0.1 degrees. For example, the scissor type tool (220) is defined with a sensor (222) may be including, not limited to as one of a potentiometer, rotary encoder, magnetic encoder, hall effect sensors, resolvers, optical encoders etc to sense scissoring movement of the handle (220a). A high resolution magnetic rotary sensor (222) with a minimum of 12-bit resolution is used as the magnetic rotary sensor (222) in the scissor type tool (220). In an embodiment, the scissor type tool (220) may be spring-loaded or a free trigger without spring. The scissor type tool (220) simulates all types of scissors, forceps, graspers etc., of surgical interventions.

[0064] In an embodiment, the linear trigger (230) is structured to simulate scissoring movement of a handle (230a) with minimum translation of 15 mm and a position resolution of 0.25mm. For example, the lineartrigger (230) is defined with a sensor (232) may be including, not limited to, one of a potentiometer, rotary encoder, magnetic encoder, hall effect sensors, resolvers, optical encoders etc. In the illustrative embodiment, the sensor (232) is depicted as a high resolution magnetic rotary sensor (232) with a minimum of 12-bit resolution as shown in Figure 11 to sense linear displacement of the handle (230a). Further, the linear trigger (230) includes a rack-and-pinion mechanism (234) to convert the rotary movement of the handle (210a) by the user (155) to linear movement to thereby simulate the surgical tools (200) such as probes, ablators, haemostatic probes etc.

[0065] In an embodiment, the straight tool (240) is structured to resemble the tools (200) such as drills, scalpel, dissector, needles etc. As depicted in Figure 12, the straight tool (240) like interface comprises of one or more digital switches (245) to simulate the functionality of the tool (200). The digital switch (245) may be of different types like momentary switch, toggle switch, pushbutton switch, pressure switch, selector switch, proximity switch, touch switch etc. In an embodiment, any surgical tool (200) other than the angular trigger (210), the scissor type tool (220) and the linear trigger (230) which does not use a rotary sensor (212) is categorized under the straight tool (240). In an embodiment, the angular trigger (210), the scissor type tool (220) and the linear trigger (230) may also be defined with one or more digital switched based on design requirements and type of surgical interventions being simulated.

[0066] Referring now to Figure 14, the system (100) includes a first plurality of sensors (801) disposed within the adapter unit (2) and each of the at least one surgical tool (200). For example, the first plurality of sensors (801) may be including not limited to, ultrasound sensors, proximity sensors, Infrared sensors, etc. In an embodiment, the first plurality of sensors (801) may include a variety of proximity sensors such as inductive, capacitive, optical, magnetic, and ultrasonic. In an embodiment, each tool (200) of the at least one surgical tool (200) includes one sensor of the first plurality of sensors (801), where each sensor (212) is configured to transmit a signal corresponding to type of tool (200) being mounted on the adapter unit (2). In such configuration, each sensor (212) of each tool (200) from the at least one surgical tool (200) is marked for identification of the tool (200) being mounted on the adapter unit (2). The first plurality of sensors (801) are configured to transmit at least one first signal corresponding to type of at least one surgical tool (200) received at the adapter unit (2). For example, the first plurality of sensors (801) are configured to transmit at least one first signal indicative of a scissor type tool (220) being mounted on the adapter unit (2) when the scissor type tool (220) is detached from the at least one tool rack (600) and mounted on the adapter unit (2). Each type of tool (200) is assigned an ID (identification number) and is programmed to send at least one first signal through the first plurality of sensors (801) when attached. Depending on the ID received from the at least one first signal, the control unit (700) identifies the type of tool (200) attached.

[0067] Further, the at least one first connector (401), and the at least one second connector (402) includes a second plurality of sensors (802) disposed proximal to the first set of coupling portions (401a) and the second set of coupling portions (402a). In an embodiment, the second plurality of sensors (802) are disposed at each of the first set of coupling portions (401a) and the second set of coupling portions (402a). For example, the at least one first connector (401) is disposed with the second plurality of sensors (802) at three ends of the defined with the first set of coupling portions (401a). For example, the second plurality of sensors (802) may be including, not limited to, ultrasound sensors, proximity sensors, Infrared sensors, etc. In an embodiment, the second plurality of sensors may include a variety of proximity sensors such as inductive, capacitive, optical, magnetic, and ultrasonic. The second plurality of sensors (802) are configured to transmit at least one second signal corresponding to the training layout of the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402). In an embodiment, each connector of the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402) include at least two sensors of the second plurality of sensors (802), where each sensor is configured to transmit a second signal corresponding to the training layout based on connection of the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402) with the base (1). In such configuration, each sensor at each end of the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402) is marked where the at least one second signal indicate the training layout of the system (100).

[0068] Further, the system (100) includes the control unit (700) communicatively coupled to the pair of haptic devices (300), the first plurality of sensors (801), the second plurality of sensors (802), the at least one first connector (401), the at least one second connector (402) and the at least one tool rack (600). The first plurality of sensors (801) are configured to transmit the at least one first signal to the control unit (700) and the second plurality of sensors (802) are configured to transmit the at least one second signal to the control unit (700). The control unit (700) is configured to identify a type of the at least one surgical tool (200) received by the adapter unit (2) based on the at least one first signal. Further, the control unit (700) identifies a training layout from the at least one second signal corresponding to connection between the at least one first connector (401), the at least one second connector (402), the pair of haptic devices (300) and the at least one tool rack (600). In an embodiment, the third set of coupling portions (601a) are defined with the second plurality of sensors (802) configured to transmit the at least one second signal corresponding to mounting of the at least one tool rack (600) relative to the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402).

[0069] Further, the control unit (700) determines a training simulation based on the training layout and the type of the at least one surgical tool (200) received by the adapter unit (2). For example, the control unit (700) determines the training simulation as simulation of spinal surgical intervention, upon determining the at least one surgical tool (200) to be the angular trigger (210) based on the at least one first signal and upon identifying the layout to be the first layout corresponding to the spinal surgery. Further, the control unit (700), then, regulates operation of the pair of haptic devices (300) to provide haptic feedback to the adapter unit (2) based on the determined training simulation to perform the training simulation. For example, the control unit (700) regulates operation of the pair of haptic devices (300) to increase resistive force to the adapter unit (2) and the at least one surgical tool (200) corresponding to tension and bone strength of the spinal surgery intervention upon determining the training simulation to be spinal surgery. Further, the control unit (700) regulates operation of the pair of haptic devices (300) to reduce resistive force to the adapter unit (2) and the at least one surgical tool (200) from the one or more arms (310) corresponding to tension and bone strength of the knee surgery upon determining the training simulation to be spinal surgery. Such configuration of the control unit (700) and the system (100) aids to vary the haptic feedback to the user (155) through the at least one surgical tool (200) to provide hands-on simulation training to the user (155) thereby providing enhanced training. With such configuration, the system (100) aids to simulate surgical interventions with enhanced experience with adequate forces and corresponding training layout for the user (155), thereby enhancing hands-on experience in surgical interventions. With such configuration, the system (100) may reduce or eliminate potential complications and adverse outcomes for the patients due to lack of hands -on experience.

[0070] In an embodiment, the training unit (500) includes at least one third sensor [not shown explicitly in Figures] disposable on a surface of the training unit (500) being mounted on the base (1). The third sensor may be including, not limited to, ultrasound sensors, proximity sensors, Infrared sensors, etc. In an embodiment, the at least one third sensor may include a variety of proximity sensors such as inductive, capacitive, optical, magnetic, and ultrasonic. The at least one third sensor is configured to transmit at least one third signal corresponding to type of training unit (500) being mounted on the base (1). For example, each type of training unit (500) is marked for identification of the training unit (500) being mounted on the base (1) and corresponding third signal is transmitted to the control unit (700) upon mounting of the training unit (500) on the base (1). The control unit (700) is then configured to identify a type of the at least one surgical tool (200) received by the adapter unit (2) based on the at least one first signal, and identifies a training layout from the at least one second signal and the at least one third signal corresponding to type of training unit (500) mounted on the base ( 1) . Further, the control unit (700) determines a training simulation based on the training layout, the type of the at least one surgical tool (200) received by the adapter unit (2), and the type of training unit (500) mounted on the base (1). For example, the control unit (700) determines the training simulation as simulation of spinal surgical intervention, upon determining the at least one surgical tool (200) to be the angular trigger (210) based on the at least one first signal, upon identifying the layout to be the first layout corresponding to the spinal surgery, and upon identifying the training unit (500) as a spinal surgical training unit (500) from the at least one third signal. Further, the control unit (700), then, regulates operation of the pair of haptic devices (300) to provide haptic feedback to the adapter unit (2) based on the determined training simulation to perform the training simulation. Such configuration of the control unit (700) regulating the operation of the pair of haptic devices (300) based on the at least one first signal, the at least one second signal and the at least one third signal aids to enhance accuracy of determining the training simulation and the haptic feedback required for the same.

[0071] According to an embodiment, the control unit (700) may be an edge computing device, personal computing device, a workstation, a client device, a network enabled computing device, any other suitable computing equipment, and combinations of multiple pieces of computing equipment. As used herein, “edge computing” refers to computing that is capable of being performed by an edge device, which is a compact computing device that has a small form factor and resource constraints in terms of computing power. In an embodiment, the control unit (700) is configured on a cloud computing -based platform on a cloud computing environment, implemented as a service for analyzing data. As used herein, “cloud computing” refers to a processing environment including configurable computing physical and logical resources, for example, networks, servers, storage, applications, services, etc., and data distributed over the network, for example, the internet. The cloud computing environment provides on-demand network access to a shared pool of the configurable computing physical and logical resources. The network is, for example, a wired network, a wireless network, a communication network, or a network formed from any combination of these networks. Additionally, control personnel may access the control unit (700) via the GUI. The GUI is, for example, an online web interface, a web based downloadable application interface, etc.

[0072] In an example, considering simulation of the user (155) holding a scalpel and trying to make an incision on the back of the patient. The weight of the scalpel is a physical property that is simulated using equation of F = mg, where ‘m’ is described as the mass of the scalpel and ‘g’ is the acceleration due to gravity (vector). ‘F’ is generated as a force vector that signifies the forces in X, Y and Z directions (cartesian coordinates). The force vector is sent to the pair of haptic devices (300) by converting into torque using a Jacobian matrix. The Jacobian matrix allows conversion of parameters from joint space to the cartesian space and vice versa, using below mentioned equation (1)

[0073] Torque = Transpose (Jacobian) x F . (1)

[0074] The torque is then applied to motors of the haptic device (300) to simulate the one or more haptic properties. A series of torques are generated from a series of forces generated at a rate of one force / torque vector per milli second or less. Similarly, forces encountered during cutting, drilling, pushing grabbing, punching using different tools (200) like scalpel, rongeur, punch, drills, electro-probe etc. are measured appropriately using force sensors and the torque may be applied to the haptic device (300). The physical properties are quantified from real objects using common standardized test for each property. For example, the Brinell test is used for determining the hardness of real objects. Weight of objects is measured on a weighing scale. Also, the physical properties for known objects and materials may be directly obtained from standardized numbers catalogue. The user (155) is guided to remove the epidural fat with probe. The weight of the probe may be applied on the motors of the haptic device (300), when the user (155) is undertaking the training simulation through the system (100). Also, when the user (155) does not remove the epidural fat entirely, a sensation may be provided as haptic feedback using the haptic device (300).

[0075] The build and layout of the system (100) depends on the type of surgical procedure that is simulated using dynamic virtual patients for computer-based medical training. The workspace and layout of the user (155) needs to be mapped so that the movements the trainee / user (155) makes are identical to the movements performed in the operating room. To accomplish this, as shown in Figure la, the system (100) is designed in a modular manner wherein the workspace / layout can be easily adjusted using the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402) to be arranged in multiple layout configurations. The at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402) also lock the docking position of every component of the system (100) by locking mechanisms such as spring loaded Bal-latch, spring loaded Bal-catch, push latch mechanism etc. As depicted in Figures la to 7, the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402) are configured to be assembled in numerous ways and easily by reducing the time taken to switch workspaces between different training simulations. Such utilitarian modularity in of the system (100) aids configuration of workspace layout for numerous types of computer-based medical training simulations.

[0076] In an operational embodiment, in order to operate the system (100), the base (1) is mounted with a training unit (500) corresponding to the training simulation being performed. The training unit (500) is detachably supported on the base (1). The at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402) are chosen based on training simulation and are connected to the base ( 1 ) at the plurality of engaging portions (11), where the first set of coupling portions (401a) and the second set of coupling portions (402a) are connected to the plurality of engaging portions (11). Further, the pair of haptic devices (300) are connected to the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402) and the at least one tool rack (600) is connected to one of the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402) as shown in Figure 4a. Further, the at least one surgical tool (200) from the at least one tool rack (600) is detached and mounted on the holder (21) unit, where the adapter (22) is locked to fix the at least one surgical tool (200) on the adapter unit (2). Upon connection of the at least one first connector (401 ), the at least one second connector (402) and the at least one surgical tool (200), the first plurality of sensors (801) are configured to transmit the at least one first signal to the control unit (700) and the second plurality of sensors (802) are configured to transmit the at least one second signal to the control unit (700). The control unit (700) is configured to identify a type of the at least one surgical tool (200) received by the adapter unit (2) based on the at least one first signal. Further, the control unit (700) identifies a training layout from the at least one second signal corresponding to connection between the at least one first connector (401), the at least one second connector (402), the pair of haptic devices (300) and the at least one tool rack (600). In an embodiment, the third set of coupling portions (601a) are defined with the second plurality of sensors (802) configured to transmit the at least one second signal corresponding to mounting of the at least one tool rack (600) relative to the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402).

[0077] Further, the control unit (700) determines a training simulation based on the training layout and the type of the at least one surgical tool (200) received by the adapter unit (2). For example, the control unit (700) determines the training simulation as simulation of spinal surgical intervention, upon determining the at least one surgical tool (200) to be the angular trigger (210) based on the at least one first signal and upon identifying the layout to be the first layout corresponding to the spinal surgery. Further, the control unit (700), then, regulates operation of the pair of haptic devices (300) to provide haptic feedback to the adapter unit (2) based on the determined training simulation to perform the training simulation. For example, the control unit (700) regulates operation of the pair of haptic devices (300) to increase resistive force to the adapter unit (2) and the at least one surgical tool (200) corresponding to tension and bone strength of the spinal surgery intervention upon determining the training simulation to be spinal surgery. Further, the control unit (700) regulates operation of the pair of haptic devices (300) to reduce resistive force to the adapter unit (2) and the at least one surgical tool (200) from the one or more arms (310) corresponding to tension and bone strength of the knee surgery upon determining the training simulation to be spinal surgery. Such configuration of the control unit (700) and the system (100) aids to vary the haptic feedback to the user (155) through the at least one surgical tool (200) to provide hands-on simulation training to the user (155) thereby providing enhanced training. To perform the training simulation, the user (155) provides a force on the tool (200), where the user (155) experiences resistive force corresponding to the training simulation. Once training is complete, the at least one surgical tool (200), the at least one first connector (401), the at least one second connector (402) are detached from the base (1). The training unit (500) may be swapped for the next training simulation, where the at least one first connector (401), and the at least one second connector (402) are connected to the base (1) in a second training layout or a third training layout and so on. The control unit (700) configured to identify the simulation training based on the at least one first signal and the at least one second signal to vary the haptic feedback from the pair of haptic devices (300) to the user (155) through the at least one surgical tool (200).

[0078] Referring now to Figure 15, the system (100) may be implemented in any processing device (110), such as, but not limited to, a personal computer, a desktop, a tablet, a mobile phone, a smartphone, and the like. The processing device (110) receives the real-time patient data from the one or more sources (not shown). In an embodiment, the one or more sources include a curated patient case database. The patient case database may include the real-time patient data of the plurality of patients sorted based on a medical procedure type, patient background information, risk level of a patient, and / or based on pre-existing conditions. Examples of the preexisting conditions include, but are not limited to, blood group, bleeding criteria, diabetes, anatomy deformities, reoperation criteria, anesthetic risk, and age. In another embodiment, the one or more sources include one or more capturing units in an operation room. For instance, surgery videos are received as camera feed from surgical instruments like endoscopic cameras, operating microscopes, and other cameras that are present in the operating room to record a medical procedure. In an example, the patient case database includes the real-time patient data of five patients corresponding to each medical procedure. The imaging data includes X-Ray images of the patients and surgical data includes videos of surgeon(s) performing spine surgery on the patients. The real-time patient data may be stored as a communication data in a memory.

[0079] In an embodiment, the control unit (700) is communicatively coupled to a virtual representation generation module (not shown) is configured to generate a plurality of three-dimensional (3D) virtual representations for each of the plurality of training simulations using a neural network model (not shown). The virtual representation generation module may generate the plurality of 3D virtual representations by mapping the imaging data and the surgical data. Herein, the virtual representation generation module identifies a plurality of medical conditions associated with the plurality of patients, based on the imaging data, using the neural network model. The virtual representation generation module identifies different bones and ligaments associated with the spine surgery, the tools (200) used to perform the spine surgery, and the sequence of tools (200) used by the user (155) when performing the surgery. The virtual representation generation module may generate the plurality of 3D virtual representations, based on the identification. The plurality of 3D virtual representations include a static 3D reconstruction of the patient data with representation of the underlying patient condition.

[0080] The system (100) further includes one or more-foot pedals, one or more touch screen interfaces, one or more sensors (801) apart from the one or more haptic devices (300) that simulate the functionality of the surgical / medical intervention tools (200) as input control devices (120). Without limiting the scope of the invention, there may be any other input control devices (120) that simulate the functionality of the surgical / medical examination tools (200). In an embodiment, the foot pedals mimic functionality like devices in the OR (Operating Theater) such as activating X-ray snapshots, activating drills, activating electro cauterization probes etc. and transmit input control signal to a simulator interface (150) from the user (155) activating the foot pedals. In an embodiment, the foot pedals are used to send momentary or continuous digital signals depending on the usage scenario.

[0081] In an embodiment, dynamic virtual representation of a patient or a digital patient twin represented in the software is presented to the user (155) through the simulator interface (150). The simulator interface (150) allows for the user (155) to interact with the dynamic digital representation of the patient / digital twin. Output control devices (130) comprise of haptic devices (300), monitors, VR headsets etc, that enables the user (155) to communicate with the dynamic virtual representation of the patient or the digital patient twin represented the simulator interface (150). The different tools (200) in surgery handed over to a surgeon by a surgical assistant who is part of the operating room staff which are simulated in the simulator interface (150) by digital instructions on the output control device (130).

[0082] Further, the system (100) includes a wiring harness to couple the at least one surgical tool (200) to the control unit (700). In an embodiment, the at least one surgical tool (200) is connected to the processing device (110) using wiring harness or a wireless interface. When connecting through wireless interface, the at least one surgical tool (200) encompass a self-powering device such as a battery (not shown) that can be solid-state or rechargeable. Signals are transmitted from the at least one surgical tool (200) to the control unit (700) using Bluetooth or Wi-Fi communication. Further, wiring harness for the at least one surgical tool (200) may be powered and the signals may be transmitted back to the processing device (110) using the USB interface that may in-tum powered by the processing device (110). The signals transmitted from the at least one surgical tool (200) interfaces to the processing device (110) is registered in the system (100) to simulate the movements of the at least one surgical tool (200). In an embodiment, the at least one surgical tool (200) is designed around the USB HID class specifications and hence do not need proprietary drivers to function at the Operating system level. The signals are transmitted at a default rate of 125 Hz according to the USB HID (Human Interface Device) standard and up to a maximum of IKhz based on requirement. Such configuration of the wiring harness aids to easily connect and disconnect the at least one surgical tool (200) with the control unit (700).

[0083] The control unit (700) may be disposed in communication with one or more memory devices (e.g., RAM, ROM etc.) via a storage interface. The storage interface may connect to memory devices including, without limitation, memory drives, removable disc drives, etc., employing connection protocols such as serial advanced technology attachment (SATA), integrated drive electronics (IDE), IEEE- 1394, universal serial bus (USB), fiber channel, small computing system interface (SCSI), etc. The memory drives may further include a drum, magnetic disc drive, magneto-optical drive, optical drive, redundant array of independent discs (RAID), solid-state memory devices, solid-state drives, etc.

[0084] Referring now to Figure 14 which illustrates a method (900) of operating the system (100) for simulating surgical interventions. The method (900) may describe in the general context of processor executable instructions in the control unit (700). Generally, the executable instructions may include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, procedures, modules, and functions, which perform particular functions or implement particular abstract data types. The order in which the method (900) is described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described method (900) blocks may be combined in any order to implement the method (900). Additionally, individual blocks may be deleted from the methods without departing from the scope of the subject matter described herein. Furthermore, the method (900) can be implemented in any suitable hardware, software, firmware, or combination thereof.

[0085] The method (900) includes the steps of transmitting at least one first signal to the control unit (700) by the first plurality of sensors (801) and the second plurality of sensors (802) are configured to transmit the at least one second signal to the control unit (700). In an embodiment, the at least one first signal corresponds to type of at least one surgical tool (200) received at the adapter unit (2) and the at least one second signal corresponds to the training layout of the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402). At block 901, the control unit (700) is configured to identify a type of the at least one surgical tool (200) received by the adapter unit (2) based on the at least one first signal.

[0086] Further, at block 902, the control unit (700) identifies a training layout based on the at least one second signal corresponding to connection between the at least one first connector (401), the at least one second connector (402), the pair of haptic devices (300) and the at least one tool rack (600). In an embodiment, the third set of coupling portions (601a) are defined with the second plurality of sensors (802) configured to transmit the at least one second signal corresponding to mounting of the at least one tool rack (600) relative to the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402).

[0087] Further, at block 903, the control unit (700) determines a training simulation based on the training layout and the type of the at least one surgical tool (200) received by the adapter unit (2). For example, the control unit (700) determines the training simulation as simulation of spinal surgical intervention, upon determining the at least one surgical tool (200) to be the angular trigger (210) based on the at least one first signal and upon identifying the layout to be the first layout corresponding to the spinal surgery.

[0088] Furthermore, at block 904, the control unit (700), regulates operation of the pair of haptic devices (300) to provide haptic feedback to the adapter unit (2) based on the determined training simulation to perform the training simulation. For example, the control unit (700) regulates operation of the pair of haptic devices (300) to increase resistive force to the adapter unit (2) and the at least one surgical tool (200) corresponding to tension and bone strength of the spinal surgery intervention upon determining the training simulation to be spinal surgery. Further, the control unit (700) regulates operation of the pair of haptic devices (300) to reduce resistive force to the adapter unit (2) and the at least one surgical tool (200) from the one or more arms (310) corresponding to tension and bone strength of the knee surgery upon determining the training simulation to be spinal surgery. Such configuration of the control unit (700) and the system (100) aids to vary the haptic feedback to the user (155) through the at least one surgical tool (200) to provide hands-on simulation training to the user (155) thereby providing enhanced training.

[0089] In an embodiment, the training unit (500) includes at least one third sensor [not shown explicitly in Figures] disposable on a surface of the training unit (500) being mounted on the base (1). The third sensor may be including, not limited to, ultrasound sensors, proximity sensors, Infrared sensors, etc. In an embodiment, the at least one third sensor may include a variety of proximity sensors such as inductive, capacitive, optical, magnetic, and ultrasonic. The at least one third sensor is configured to transmit at least one third signal corresponding to type of training unit (500) being mounted on the base (1). For example, each type of training unit (500) is marked for identification of the training unit (500) being mounted on the base (1) and corresponding third signal is transmitted to the control unit (700) upon mounting of the training unit (500) on the base (1). The control unit (700) is then configured to identify a type of the at least one surgical tool (200) received by the adapter unit (2) based on the at least one first signal, and identifies a training layout from the at least one second signal and the at least one third signal corresponding to type of training unit (500) mounted on the base ( 1) . Further, the control unit (700) determines a training simulation based on the training layout, the type of the at least one surgical tool (200) received by the adapter unit (2), and the type of training unit (500) mounted on the base (1). For example, the control unit (700) determines the training simulation as simulation of spinal surgical intervention, upon determining the at least one surgical tool (200) to be the angular trigger (210) based on the at least one first signal, upon identifying the layout to be the first layout corresponding to the spinal surgery, and upon identifying the training unit (500) as a spinal surgical training unit (500) from the at least one third signal. Further, the control unit (700), then, regulates operation of the pair of haptic devices (300) to provide haptic feedback to the adapter unit (2) based on the determined training simulation to perform the training simulation. Such configuration of the control unit (700) regulating the operation of the pair of haptic devices (300) based on the at least one first signal, the at least one second signal and the at least one third signal aids to enhance accuracy of determining the training simulation and the haptic feedback required for the same.

[0090] EQUIVALENTS

[0091] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for the sake of clarity.

[0092] It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation, no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any p / .s explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general, such construction is intended in a sense that one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general, such construction is intended in a sense that one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”

[0093] While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope being indicated by the following claims. Referral Numerals:

[0094]

[0095]

Claims

We Claim:

1. A system (100) for simulating surgical interventions, the system (100) comprising:a base (1) defined with a plurality of engaging portions (11) extending away from the base (1) in a predefined orientation;a training unit (500) supported on the base (1), the training unit (500) structured to simulate a portion of a surgical subject;at least a pair of haptic devices (300) detachably connectable to the base (1), the pair of haptic devices (300) is configured to selectively generate a haptic feedback, wherein the pair of haptic devices (300) are defined with one or more arms (310) to receive and transmit the haptic feedback;an adapter unit (2) connectable to the one or more arms (310) of the pair of haptic devices (300) and engageable with a portion of the training unit (500), the adapter unit (2) structured to receive at least a portion of at least one surgical tool (200), wherein the adapter unit (2) is configured to receive and transmit force between the at least one surgical tool (200) and the training unit (500);at least one first connector (401) defined with a first predefined profile and having a first set of coupling portions (401a) complementing the plurality of engaging portions (11), wherein the at least one first connector (401) is detachably connectable between the base (1) and one of the pair of haptic devices (300);at least one second connector (402) defined with a second predefined profile and having a second set of coupling portions (402a) complementing the plurality of engaging portions (11), wherein the at least one second connector (402) is detachably connectable between the base (1) and one of the pair of haptic devices (300);wherein the at least one first connector (401), and the at least one second connector (402) are detachably connectable to the base (1) to position the pair of haptic devices (300) relative to the base (1) based on thefirst predefined profile and the second predefined profile, to define different training layouts and orient the at least one surgical tool (200) in different orientations relative to the training unit (500);at least one tool rack (600) connectable to one of the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402), the at least one tool rack (600) is structured to removably support the at least one surgical tool (200), anda control unit (700) communicatively coupled to the pair of haptic devices (300), the at least one first connector (401), the at least one second connector (402) and the at least one tool rack (600), the control unit (700) is configured to:identify a type of the at least one surgical tool (200) received by the adapter unit (2);identify a training layout based on connection between the at least one first connector (401), the at least one second connector (402), the pair of haptic devices (300) and the at least one tool rack (600);determine a training simulation based on the training layout and the type of the at least one surgical tool (200) received by the adapter unit (2); andregulate operation of the pair of haptic devices (300) to provide haptic feedback to the adapter unit (2) to perform the training simulation.

2. The system ( 100) as claimed in claim 1 , comprises a first plurality of sensors (801) communicatively coupled to the control unit (700) and disposed within the adapter unit (2) and the at least one surgical tool (200), wherein the first plurality of sensors (801) are configured to transmit at least one first signal corresponding to type of at least one surgical tool (200) received at the adapter unit (2).

3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one first connector (401), and the at least one second connector (402) comprise asecond plurality of sensors (802) communicatively coupled to the control unit (700) and disposed proximal to the first set of coupling portions (401a) and the second set of coupling portions (402a), wherein the second plurality of sensors (802) are configured to transmit at least one second signal corresponding to the training layout of the at least one first connector (401) and the at least one second connector (402).

4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adapter unit (2) comprises a holder (21) connectable to the one or more arms (310), and defined with a receiving portion (2a) to receive the at least one surgical tool (200).

5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the adapter unit (2) comprises an adapter (22) coupled to the one or more arms (310), the adapter (22) defined with a provision (22a) to removably accommodate and mount a portion of the at least one surgical tool (200) on the holder (21).

6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the holder (21) is defined with an aperture (21a) adjacent to the receiving portion (2a) to accommodate at least one auxiliary sensor.

7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, comprises a wiring harness to couple the at least one surgical tool (200) to the control unit (700).

8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the at least one surgical tool (200) comprises a locking unit (290) configured to engage and disengage with the at least one tool rack (600) and the receiving portion (2a) of the holder (21).

9. The system (100) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the control unit (700) is configured to identify the type of at least one surgical tool (200) and the training layout from the at least one first signal and the at least one second signal.

10. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one tool rack (600) is detachably connectable to the first set of coupling portions (401a) and the second set of coupling portions (402a).

11. A method (900) of operating a system (100) for simulating surgical interventions, the method (900) comprising:identifying, by a control unit (700), a type of at least one surgical tool (200) received by an adapter unit (2) of the system (100);identifying, by the control unit (700), a training layout based on connection between at least one first connector (401), at least one second connector (402), at least a pair of haptic devices (300) and the at least one tool rack (600);determining, by the control unit (700), a training simulation based on the training layout and the type of the at least one surgical tool (200) received by the adapter unit (2); andregulating, by the control unit (700), operation of the pair of haptic devices (300) to provide haptic feedback to the adapter unit (2) to perform the training simulation.

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