Signal adjustment method

Abstract

According to implementations of the present disclosure, a method for signal adjustment is provided. According to this solution, a wireless signal reaching a first space from a second space is adjusted by a metasurface component. The adjusted wireless signal is received by a receiving terminal in the first space. Based on the adjusted wireless signal, a predetermined task is performed. In this way, the distribution of wireless signals in space may be optimized.

Description

SIGNAL ADJUSTMENT METHODBACKGROUND[OOOlJIn an indoor positioning scenario, a terminal device such as a mobile phone may receive positioning signals from a plurality of satellites, and determine a location of the terminal device based on a time difference between receiving of the positioning signals. Since the positioning signal is easy to be interfered indoors, the terminal device combines indoor signal sources such as WiFi and Bluetooth to compensate for the problem of inaccurate indoor positioning caused by the positioning signal being easy to be interfered.SUMMARY

[0002] In a first aspect, according to implementations of the present disclosure, a solution for optimizing a metasurface component is proposed. In this solution, a simulated distribution result of the wireless signal in a first space is determined by simulating an adjustment of a wireless signal by the metasurface component, and the wireless signal reaches the first space from a second space. A structure of the metasurface component is determined based on optimization of the simulated distribution result.

[0003] In a second aspect, according to implementations of the present disclosure, a method for signal adjustment is provided. In this solution, a wireless signal reaching a first space from a second space is adjusted by a metasurface component, to cause the wireless signal to scatter at a specified angle range in a horizontal direction of the first space and to radiate directionally within a predetermined vertical range of the first space. The adjusted wireless signal is received by a receiving terminal in the first space.

[0004] In a third aspect, according to implementations of the present disclosure, a solution for a metasurface component is proposed. In this solution, the metasurface component is configured to adjust a wireless signal reaching a first space from a second space, and the metasurface component comprises: a first metasurface configured to adjust a transmission angle of the wireless signal, to cause the wireless signal to be transmitted from the first metasurface in a predetermined angle range and then propagated through a transmission medium. A second metasurface, disposed parallel to the first metasurface, and is configured to adjust a radiation direction of a transmitted signal passing through the transmission medium, to cause the transmitted signal to radiate in a specified region of the first space.

[0005] In a fourth aspect, according to implementations of the present disclosure, a solution of a system for signal adjustment is provided. In this solution, a metasurface component is configured to adjust a wireless signal reaching a first space from a second space. A computer program product comprises computer-executable instructions which, when executed by aprocessor, perform a predetermined task based on the adjusted wireless signal.

[0006] In a fifth aspect, according to implementations of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device, comprising: at least one processing unit; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processing unit and storing instructions for execution by the at least one processing unit, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processing unit, performing acts comprising: determining, by simulating an adjustment of a wireless signal by the metasurface component, a simulated distribution result of the wireless signal in a first space, the wireless signal reaching the first space from a second space; and determining a structure of the metasurface component based on optimization of the simulated distribution result.

[0007] In a sixth aspect, according to implementations of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program product tangibly stored in a computer storage medium and comprising computer executable instructions which, when executed by a device, causing the device to perform acts comprising: determining, by simulating an adjustment of a wireless signal by the metasurface component, a simulated distribution result of the wireless signal in a first space, the wireless signal reaching the first space from a second space; and determining a structure of the metasurface component based on optimization of the simulated distribution result.

[0008] This section is provided to introduce the selection of objects in a simplified form, which will be further described below in the Detailed Description. This section is not intended to identify key features or primary' features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS[0009JFIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example environment in which multiple implementations of the present disclosure can be implemented;[0010JFIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a process for optimizing a metasurface component according to some implementations of the present disclosure;[0011JFIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a working principle of a metasurface component according to some implementations of the present disclosure;[0012JFIG. 4 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of a first metasurface and a second metasurface respectively mounted on two sides of a medium according to some implementations of the present disclosure;[0013JFIG. 5A illustrates a schematic top view of an adjustment unit in a metasurface component according to some implementations of the present disclosure;[0014JFIG. 5B illustrates a schematic diagram of a stereoscopic effect of an adjustment unitin a metasurface component according to some implementations of the present disclosure;[0015JFIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method for signal adjustment according to some implementations of the present disclosure;[0016JFIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of a determination principle of a target metasurface component according to some implementations of the present disclosure; and [0017JFIG. 8 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an electronic device capable of implementing multiple implementations of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present disclosure will now be discussed with reference to several example implementations. It should be understood that these implementations are discussed merely to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, rather than implying any limitation on the scope of the present disclosure.

[0019] As used herein, the term “comprising / including” and variations thereof are to be interpreted as open-ended terms that mean “comprising / including, but not limited to7’. The term “based on” is to be interpreted as “based at least in part on”. The terms “an implementation” and “one implementation” are to be interpreted as “at least one implementation”. The term “another implementation” is to be interpreted as “at least one other implementation”. The terms “first,” “second,” and the like may refer to different or identical objects. Other explicit and implicit definitions may also be included below.

[0020] Note that the headings of any of the sections / subsections provided herein are not limiting. Various implementations are described herein throughout, and any type of implementation may be included under any section / subsection. Further, implementations described in any section / subsection may be combined in any manner with any other implementations described in the same section / subsection and / or different sections / subsections.

[0021] Herein, unless explicitly stated, “performing a step in response to A” does not mean that the step is performed immediately after “A”, but may include one or more intermediate steps.

[0022] As used herein, a group of elements, a set of elements, or similar expressions may include zero, one, or more such elements. The set of elements may be ordered or unordered. For example, a “set of separation lines” may include zero, one, or more separation lines. As used in text, an element sequence or similar expression may include one or more such elements, and the elements in the sequence are ordered.

[0023] As used herein, the term “model” may learn associations between respective inputs and outputs from training data so that corresponding outputs may be generated for a giveninput after training is completed. The generation of the model may be based on machine learning techniques. Deep learning (DL) is a machine learning algorithm that processes inputs and provides corresponding outputs by using multiple layers of processing units. A neural network model is an example of a deep learning-based model. A “model” may also be referred to herein as a “machine learning model.” “learning model,” “machine learning network,” or “learning network”, and these terms are used interchangeably herein.Example Environment and Basic Principle

[0024] Positioning signals such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) are widely used for outdoor navigation. However, positioning or navigation based on positioning signals faces challenges in indoor environments. For example, challenges arise from signal obstruction, signal reflection, and attenuation caused by physical barriers. Although some indoor positioning techniques provide a certain solution, significant complexity and cost are introduced. They necessitate additional infrastructure, region-specific calibration, and ongoing maintenance. Further, high-precision positioning services often demand energy-intensive algorithms like machine learning and deep learning, raising energy concerns for electronic devices.

[0025] As an example, techniques related to indoor positioning are typically by way of radio frequency signal, visible light communication (VLC). magnetic field, acoustic and inertial measurement unit (IMU), and the like. The following briefly describes principles of the foregoing indoor positioning technologies.

[0026] Radio frequency signals rely on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) or Channel State Information (CSI) between the mobile device and multiple Wi-Fi access points for localization, however, the initial collection of data and construction process of Wi-Fi access point database can be tedious and labor-intensive. In addition, radio frequency signals such as Bluetooth, RFID, and Ultra-Wideband (UWB) are also employed for indoor localization, however, they all entail deployment of multiple anchors or tags, leading to increased deployment complexity and cost.

[0027] Visible light communication (VLC) employs LED or other light sources along with light sensors for localization, involving the modulation and demodulation of light signals. In another aspect, VLC requires line-of-sight conditions, and its performance may degrade in crowded or dynamic environments. The geomagnetic or magnetic field characteristics within buildings can be utilized by the magnetic field as fingerprints for localization, however, such a method requires complex configuration and calibration, and the localization accuracy is susceptible to interference from metal and electronic devices. Acoustic uses sound to determine position by measuring the time of arrival or angle of arrival, however,its localization accuracy relies on sensor deployment and is vulnerable to environmental noise interference. Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) estimates device movement and orientation by accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers, but is usually only used for short-time positioning, which is easy to accumulate errors, and needs to be combined with other positioning technologies to achieve higher accuracy.

[0028] In view of the above situation, how to simply complete a high-precision indoor positioning task becomes an urgent problem to be solved. FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an example environment 100 in which implementations of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1, the environment 100 includes wireless signals 131, which may include positioning signals transmitted by transmitting terminals 130. As an example, the wireless signals 131 may include satellite signals (Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals), cellular network signals, Wi-Fi signals, Bluetooth signals, signals transmitted using a wireless transmission protocol (LoRa) based on spread spectrum technology, and the like.

[0029] Metasurface components 120 are placed on a wall or door window between a first space and a second space. The metasurface components 120 may adjust the wireless signals 131 reaching the first space from the second space, thereby optimizing the distribution of the wireless signals 131 in the first space.

[0030] An adjustment unit for adjusting the wireless signals 131 is designed on the surface of the metasurface components 120, to enable the metasurface components 120 to adjust the phase and direction of the wireless signals 131 and to steer and scatter the wireless signals 131 to the first space such that the wireless signals 131 are evenly distributed. As an example, the first space may be indoor, and the second space may be outdoor. In this way, a uniform distribution of wireless signals may be implemented indoor, thereby overcoming the problem of attenuation of wireless signals used for indoor positioning.

[0031] As shown in FIG. 1, the electronic device 110 in the first space may perform a predetermined task based on the wireless signals which are received within the first space and adjusted via the metasurface component 120. As an example, the predetermined task may comprise a positioning task, a navigation task, a time synchronization task, and the like. In FIG. 1, the electronic device 110 may be any system having a computing capability, for example, various computing devices / systems, terminal devices, servers, and the like. The terminal device may be any type of mobile terminal, fixed terminal or portable terminal, including a mobile phone, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a netbook computer, a tablet computer, a media computer, a multimedia tablet, or any combination of the foregoing, including accessories and peripherals of these devices, or anycombination thereof. The server includes, but is not limited to, a mainframe, an edge computing node, a computing device in a cloud environment, and the like.

[0032] It should be understood that the components and arrangements in the environment shown in FIG. 1 are merely examples, and a computing system suitable for implementing the implementations described in the present disclosure may include one or more different components, other components, and / or different arrangements.

[0033] It should be understood that the structure and function of various elements in the environment 100 are described for exemplary purposes only, and do not imply any limitation on the scope of the present disclosure.

[0034] According to implementations of the present disclosure, an improved solution for signal adjustment is provided to deal with attenuation caused by wireless signals entering the first space from the second space (for example, entering an indoor space from an outdoor space, or entering a room away from an outer window from a room with an indoor window). In this solution, a wireless signal reaching the first space from the second space is adjusted by a metasurface component. The adjusted wireless signal is received by a receiving terminal in the first space. A predetermined task is performed based on the adjusted wireless signal.

[0035] Through the foregoing process, the metasurface component may adjust a phase and a direction of the wireless signal, so as to reduce attenuation generated by the wireless signal in a process of entering the first space, and to ensure that the wireless signal still has sufficient strength and coverage after entering the first space. The receiving terminal in the first space can effectively receive the signal adjusted by the metasurface component, so that the predetermined task is smoothly executed on the basis of ensuring the wireless signal quality.Method

[0036] The function of optimizing the metasurface component 120 is to effectively direct and scatter wireless signals 131 from outside the first space (for example, the second space), thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio in the first space and increasing the number of visible wireless signal transmitting sources (for example, satellites) for the receiving terminal. The optimization process for the metasurface component 120 may be divided into two parts: a macro optimization part by which the optimal phase for the metasurface component 120 is determined to effectively steer and scatter the wireless signals 131 at different elevation and azimuth; a micro optimization part, which enhances the transmittance and phase delay of the metasurface component 120 to adapt to the frequency of the wireless signal 131, and finally achieves efficient signal penetration and uniform distribution. As an example, the wireless signals 131 may include a satellite signal (Global Navigation SatelliteSystem (GNSS) signal), a cellular network signal, a Wi-Fi signal, a Bluetooth signal, a signal transmitted using a wireless transmission protocol (LoRa) based on spread spectrum technology, and the like. It should be appreciated that wireless signals 131 may include any suitable type of signal. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited in this regard.[0037JFIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart 200 of optimizing a metasurface component according to some implementations of the present disclosure. The optimization of the metasurface component 120 may be performed by an optimization device, where some of the operations may be performed by requesting a server device (not shown).

[0038] At block 201, the optimization device determines, by simulating an adjustment of a wireless signal by the metasurface component, a simulated distribution result of the wireless signal in a first space. The wireless signal reaches the first space from a second space.

[0039] The simulated distribution result may be determined in a wireless signal propagation environment. The wireless signal propagation environment may be a scene in which wireless signals propagate from the second space to the first space, such as the wireless signal 131 transmitting from outdoor to indoor, or propagating from a room with an indoor window to a room away from an outer window. In this environment, a propagation path of the wireless signal 131 may be blocked by objects such as walls (doors and windows) and furniture, causing attenuation of the wireless signal 131, and affecting the distribution of the wireless signals 131 in the first space.

[0040] The metasurface component 120 may be configured to adjust the propagation of the wireless signal 131. When the wireless signal 131 reaches the metasurface component 120 from the second space, the metasurface component 120 adjusts the phase and direction of the wireless signal 131 through the structured design, and directionally guides and scatters the wireless signal 131 to the first space. For example, the metasurface component 120 may adjust the wireless signals 131 from different elevation angles and orientations to a suitable incidence angle, so that the loss of the wireless signal 131 is minimized when penetrating a window or a wall, and the wireless signal 131 is evenly distributed over a larger region within the first space.

[0041] An initialized metasurface component 120 is generally designed based on basic physical characteristics of the target space and expected wireless signal propagation requirements, for example, considering factors such as the size of the target space, structural layout, incident angle, and frequency of the wireless signal 131. The initialized metasurface component 120 may be obtained through these initial parameters.

[0042] Based on the initialized metasurface component 120, the optimization device may utilize a signal measurement device (not shown) to obtain the simulated distribution resultof the wireless signals 131 in the first space. As an example, the simulated distribution result may include a strength distribution and attenuation of the wireless signal 131 in a specified region of the first space. The optimization device may determine a distribution rule of the wireless signal 131 in the first space through the simulated result, to provide data support for subsequently determining a structure of the metasurface component 120.

[0043] At block 202, the optimization device determines a structure of the metasurface component based on optimization of the simulated distribution result.

[0044] As mentioned above, the simulated distribution result may include the strength distribution and attenuation of the wireless signal 131 in the first space. The optimization device may determine, based on the simulated distribution result of the wireless signal 131 in the first space, an adjustment capability' that the metasurface component 120 needs to have, to better steer and scatter the wireless signal 131 to respective regions of the first space. For example, in a region with relatively fast signal attenuation, a phase structure of the initialized metasurface component 120 may be adjusted, to improve penetrability and diffusivity of the wireless signal 131 and enable the wireless signal 131 to cover these regions deeply. For a region covered sufficiently, the phase structure of the initialized metasurface component 120 may also be correspondingly adjusted, thereby reducing the over-concentrated wireless signals 131 to achieve an effect of uniform coverage.

[0045] In addition, the optimization device may optimize a micro structure layout of the initialized metasurface component 120 by using the simulated analysis result, for example, determining a size of a metal pattern for phase adjustment of the metasurface component 120 and a spacing between a plurality of metal patterns, to ensure that the metasurface component 120 has a stronger capability of adjusting wireless signals of a specific frequency band. The foregoing process ensures that the metasurface component 120 has an effective adjustment capability' at different incident angles of the wireless signal 131, thereby improving the overall quality’ and coverage of the wireless signal.

[0046] Through the foregoing process, the optimization device can estimate and optimize a wireless signal distribution effect in the first space before the metasurface component 120 is actually deployed, so as to implement more uniform signal coverage. This process may effectively reduce the blind region caused by attenuation of the wireless signal entering the first space from the outside of the target space, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio in the first space, so that the utilization rate and reliability of the wireless signal 131 in the first space are greatly improved, thereby supporting high-precision indoor positioning and communication services.

[0047] The metasurface component 120 may include a first metasurface and a secondmetasurface. The simulated distribution result includes a radiation distribution of a transmitted signal transmitted from the second metasurface within the first space. Determining the structure of the metasurface component includes determining respective structures of the first metasurface and the second metasurface based at least on a difference between the radiation distribution and a target radiation distribution of the wireless signal in the first space.[0048JFIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a working principle 300 of the metasurface component 120 according to some implementations of the present disclosure. The first metasurface 121 of the metasurface component 120 may be configured to direct the external wireless signals 131 to the second metasurface 122.

[0049] The first metasurface 121 preliminarily adjusts the incident wireless signal 131 through phase and structural configuration to change the propagation direction and phase of the wireless signal 131. so that the wireless signal 131 can be steered from the second space to the second metasurface 122.

[0050] The second metasurface 122 of the metasurface component 120 may be configured to adjust scattering and distribution of the transmitted signals to achieve uniform coverage of the transmitted signals (also referred to as wireless signals) within the first space. The transmitted signal may indicate the signal that the wireless signal transmitted through the first metasurface 121 and then reaches the second metasurface 122.

[0051] The optimization device may determine the radiation distribution characteristic of the wireless signals 131 within the first space based on the simulated distribution result. The optimization device optimizes the specific structural configuration of the metasurface component 120 to improve signal uniformity and coverage by minimizing the difference between the simulated radiation distribution and the expected target radiation distribution, by maximizing the average signal strength of a specified region within the first space, or by maximizing the minimum signal strength.

[0052] For example, if the difference between the simulated radiation distribution and the expected target radiation distribution indicates that the signal radiation distribution in a certain region within the first space, corresponding to the simulated radiation distribution, is significantly weaker than the expected target radiation distribution, the optimization device may iteratively adjust the phase or transmission (scattering) structure of the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122, to enhance the guidance and coverage of the signal, ensuring that the distribution of the wireless signal 131 in the region conforms to the expected target radiation distribution.

[0053] In addition, the optimization device may also enhance the coverage effect of somespecific regions of the target region. For example, it is determined through observation that the people flow in region A of the target region is relatively dense, and the people flow in region B of the target region is relatively sparse. In this case, by determining the structure of the metasurface component 120, the metasurface component 120 can adjust the wireless signal, to achieve a better coverage in the region A than in the region B. In addition, the optimization device may further correspondingly determine the structure of the metasurface component 120 by reinforcing the minimum signal strength of some specific regions of the target region.

[0054] The optimization device may achieve an ideal coverage of the wireless signal 131 by iteratively adjusting the corresponding structures of two metasurfaces in the metasurface component 120. For example, an ideal coverage may include reducing blind zones and signal attenuation of the first space. The iterative adjustment may be implemented by using any suitable algorithm, for example, gradient descent, simulated annealing, or machine learning.

[0055] In this way, the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122 respectively play a role in the process of signal guiding and scattering, so that signal distribution in the entire first space meets expectations, thereby significantly improving signal strength and positioning precision, and ensuring an efficient communication and positioning effect.

[0056] The target radiation distribution mentioned in the foregoing example may include at least one of scattering within a specified angle range in a horizontal direction of the first space, or a specified angle range within a predetermined vertical range of the first space. The target radiation distribution refers to a specific signal coverage to be achieved in the first space. As an example, the target radiation distribution may include coverage requirements in two main directions: on the one hand, sufficient scattering of signals is required to be achieved in the horizontal direction, ensuring extensive coverage of the entire first space (for example, scattering may be from -60° to 60°). On the other hand, in the vertical direction, the target radiation distribution may be concentrated within a predetermined height range, and generally corresponds to a conventional height range (for example, from -5° to 5°) in which a user operates an electronic device such as a smartphone, to ensure that the user may perform a corresponding task using wireless information when operating the electronic device in a habitual manner.

[0057] The structures of the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122 are determined through the target radiation distribution, so that the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122 can correspondingly adjust the wireless signal 131, and the wireless signal 131 is as close to the ideal coverage as possible in the target space, thereby realizing the optimization in the predetermined horizontal direction and vertical direction, andconforming to the requirement of the wireless signal distribution in the first space.

[0058] For propagating the wireless signals 131 from an indoor room with a window (an example of the second space to a more interior room (an example of the first space), the metasurface component may generally be placed at barriers (walls) between different rooms. Taking the barrier as a wall as an example, the first metasurface 121 is usually mounted on one side of the wall, and the second metasurface 122 faces the first metasurface and is mounted on the other side of the wall. A barrier is included between the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122. Given that, determining the simulated distribution result by the optimization device comprises determining a channel response matrix representing a propagation environment for the wireless signal based on the frequency of the wireless signal 131 and a dielectric coefficient of a medium between the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122. The simulated distribution result is determined based on the channel response matrix.

[0059] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a structure 400 in which the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface are respectively mounted on two sides of a barrier according to some implementations of the present disclosure. A barrier 410 between the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122 constitutes a medium through which the transmitted signal propagates. In order to more accurately simulate the propagation of the transmitted signal in this environment, the optimization device may determine channel response matrix H representing the signal propagation environment based on the dielectric coefficient of the material of the barrier 410 and the frequency of the wireless signal. The channel response matrix H may contain attenuation and transmission characteristics that the transmitted signal experiences as it passes through the barrier 410. The simulated distribution result may be determined based on the channel response matrix H.

[0060] The structures of the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122 may be a two-dimensional array composed of n*n adjustment units, and the spacing between the adjustment units is d. The adjustment unit may be indexed by ( / . / ). Each element Hk,qof the channel response matrix H may represent a channel response from the kthadjustment unit of the first metasurface 121 to the qthadjustment unit of the second metasurface 122, defined as Hk q= Akiqe0k'q, where Ak q= — cos0k q, 0k q=2ndk'qk qmay represent theamplitude attenuation of the transmitted signal due to distance and dielectric coefficient of the barrier material during traversal of the barrier. 6k qmay represent a phase delay of the transmitted signal during traversal of the barrier. dk qmay represent the distance between the kthadjustment unit of the first metasurface 121 and the qthadjustment unit of the secondmetasurface 122. X may represent the wavelength of the transmitted signal. 0k (?may represent the incidence angle of the transmitted signal from the first metasurface 121 to the second metasurface 122.

[0061] The use of the channel response matrix H enables the propagation characteristics of the transmitted signal after traversing the barrier to be more accurately simulated, reflecting the propagation characteristics of the transmitted signal between the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122, so that the loss and phase variation (for example, including strength attenuation, phase alignment and coverage) of the transmitted signal on the penetration path may be described.

[0062] Based on the channel response matrix H, the optimization device may determine attenuation and propagation path variation of the transmitted signal when traversing the barrier, thereby simulating the distribution result of the transmitted signal in the first space.

[0063] The optimization device may optimize the phase and the structural configuration of the metasurface component 120 based on the simulated distribution result, to ensure that the wireless signal 131 adjusted by the metasurface component 120 can still reach the predetermined radiation distribution through the barrier 410, thereby achieving stable and uniform signal coverage in the inner space of the barrier. In this way, the loss and blind region of the wireless signal 131 during penetration of the barrier 410 are effectively reduced, and signal strength and reception in different indoor spaces are improved.

[0064] In combination of the foregoing description and FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be found that the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122 respectively include an array composed of a plurality of adjustment units. Determining the structure of the metasurface component 120 may comprise determining respective electromagnetic characteristics of the plurality of adjustment units of the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122 by optimizing a specified function. Respective structures of the plurality of adjustment units are determined based on the respective electromagnetic characteristics of the plurality of adjustment units.

[0065] The structure of the metasurface component 120 may be iteratively determined by optimizing the specified function. For example, the specified function may synchronously determine the respective electromagnetic characteristics of the adjustment units of the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122 by minimizing a difference between the radiation distribution and a target radiation distribution of the wireless signal in the first space, by maximizing a coverage level of the radiation distribution in a specified region of the first space, or by maximizing a transmittance and a phase adjustment range of the adjustment units at a frequency of the wireless signal. Respective structures of the pluralityof adjustment units are determined based on the respective electromagnetic characteristics of the adjustment units.

[0066] As mentioned above, the structures of the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122 may be a two-dimensional array composed of n*n adjustment units, and the spacing between the adjustment units is d. The first metasurface 121 may be configured to receive and direct the wireless signal entering from the second space. For respective adjustment units of the first metasurface 121, the location of each adjustment unit affects the path of the wireless signal. The path difference of respective adjustment units may be expressed as:AL = i • dsin(J3 cos a) + j • dsin(?)sm(o:) (1) where d may represent the spacing between respective adjustment units, a may represent an incident angle of the wireless signal 131, and / ? may represent an elevation angle of the wireless signal, i and / may represent index numbers in the adjustment units, respectively.

[0067] Based on the path difference of respective adjustment units, the phase difference of respective adjustment units may be determined. By computing the phase difference caused by the path difference, the propagation direction of the wireless signal 131 may be adjusted. The phase difference may be expressed as:2TT / (2)c where may represent a frequency of the wireless signal 131, and c may represent the speed of light. The purpose of the phase adjustment is to optimize the propagation direction of the wireless signal 131 entering the target space (for example, steering to the second metasurface 122), thereby reducing signal attenuation.

[0068] The propagation characteristics and phase response of the adjustment unit of the first metasurface 121 to the received wireless signal 131 incident from outside the target space may be expressed as:where may represent an attenuation factor generated by the wireless signal 131 after passing through the adjustment unit indexed as ( / , j). The attenuation factor indicates an amplitude change that occurs after the wireless signal 131 passes through the adjustment unit. Each adjustment unit affects the strength of the wireless signal 131 based on its design, while the attenuation factor is a quantification of the process.may represent a phase delay generated by the wireless signal after passing through the adjustment unit indexed asand the phase delay is determined by the structure of the adjustment unit and is used for indicating the phase change of the wireless signal 131 after passing throughthe adjustment unit.

[0069] In equation (3), Gm^j) may represent a channel response of the adjustment unit of the first metasurface 121 to the received wireless signal 131 incident outside the target space. The channel response of each adjustment unit of the first metasurface 121 is combined into a matrix, which may correspond to an overall channel response G of the first metasurface 121. The overall channel response G of the first metasurface 121 may indicate the propagation characteristic and the phase response of the first metasurface 121 to the wireless signal 131.

[0070] The second metasurface 122 is disposed parallel to the first metasurface 121, and is configured to adjust the transmitted signal transmitted from the first metasurface 121 to uniformly scatter in the first space. As mentioned above, the structure of the second metasurface 122 is also a two-dimensional array composed of n*n adjustment units. The radiation adjustment of the transmitted signal by the second metasurface 122 may be expressed as:N N-jf27r^(i-l)sinacosS+27r^(j-l)sinfij AF(a, / 3) = y y Wj1> J j • e '■A A / i=l J=1 where wtmay represent a radiation complex weight of the adjustment unit of the second metasurface 122 indexed as (z, 7), indicating the strength (amplitude) and phase shift with which the adjustment unit indexed as (z, j) adjusts the signal in a specific direction, a may represent an incident angle of the transmitted signal, and / ? may represent an elevation angle of the transmitted signal, may represent the wavelength of the transmitted signal, dx and dy may represent the spacing of adjustment units adjacent to each other in x and y directions, respectively.

[0071] The radiation adjustment result of the second metasurface 122 is normalized, and the normalization result may indicate the radiation strength of the signal entering the target space in respective directions, which corresponds to the simulated distribution result of the wireless signal 131 in the first space. The distribution of signal strength may be represented using a direction map P(a,[3 which may be expressed using the following formula:P(q, / ?) = " W)||(5)kmax(| \AF(a, / 3)\ |)

[0072] The target radiation distribution of the wireless signal 131 in the first space may include scattering in a horizontal direction and radiation within a predetermined vertical range. As an example, scattering in the horizontal direction may correspond to azimuth angles ranging from al to al (for example, from -60° to 60°). The radiation within the predetermined vertical range may correspond to elevation angles ranging from?1 to / ?2(for example, from -5° to 5°, typical height of an electronic device carried by a user). Therefore, the direction map D a,[3) corresponding to the target radiation distribution may be expressed as:D(a =if a e £md £ (6)(0, others

[0073] The comparison between the simulated distribution result of the wireless signal in the first space and the target radiation distribution of the wireless signal in the first space may be expressed as:4. 2 M ml,i Mno / / ■ / / (vp(a> P>Wk) - O(a,^))7dadftm=l where Mi and Momay respectively represent phase configurations of the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122. Wt may represent the kthwireless signal (there are multiple wireless signals, and each wireless signal corresponds to a signal transmitting terminal).

[0074] The phase of each adjustment unit may be adjusted by using a gradient descent algorithm or a simulated annealing algorithm, so that the radiation distribution of the wireless signal 131 in the first space conforms to the target radiation distribution as much as possible. Based on the difference between the radiation distribution of the wireless signal 131 in the first space and the target radiation distribution in the first space, the optimization device may determine the electromagnetic characteristic of each adjustment unit, including phase delay and transmittance. After the electromagnetic characteristic is determined, the unit structure of the corresponding adjustment unit is designed according to the determined electromagnetic characteristic, to construct the metasurface component 120 conforming to the target distribution requirement, achieving uniform coverage and efficient scattering of the wireless signal 131 in the first space.

[0075] In addition, the simulated distribution result of the first space may also indicate a coverage level of the radiation distribution in the specified region of the first space, for example, a coverage level in region A is higher than a coverage level in region B. Based on this, the structure of the metasurface component 120 may be determined based on the coverage level of the radiation distribution in the specified region of the first space, such as by maximizing the coverage level of region A.

[0076] In a case where a medium (barrier) is included between the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122, the respective electromagnetic characteristics of the plurality of adjustment units comprise at least one of: achieving a specified phase regulation capability at the frequency of the wireless signal, achieving a specified transmittance at thefrequency of the wireless signal, or achieving impedance matching with a target medium between the plurality of metasurfaces.

[0077] Taking the phase regulation capability as an example, the optimization device may adjust the phase response of the adjustment unit according to the frequency of the wireless signal, to cause the wireless signal 131 to reduce the phase distortion after passing through the medium, achieving the expected direction and strength in the first space.

[0078] Taking impedance matching as an example, reflection and attenuation of a signal may be caused by a target medium (for example, a wall). To reduce these effects, the optimization device may match the impedance characteristic of the adjustment unit to the transmission characteristic of the medium to reduce signal reflection loss.

[0079] Taking the transmittance as an example, the optimization device may match the transmittance of the adjustment unit with the transmission characteristics of the medium, to cause the transmitted signal to maintain sufficient strength when passing through the medium. The setting of a proper transmittance can ensure that the transmitted signal still has good strength coverage after penetrating the medium.

[0080] The macroscopic design of the metasurface component 120 is described above. The following continues to describe by taking a microscopic design of the metasurface component 120 as an example. The optimization device determines, for each of the plurality of adjustment units, the structure of the adjustment unit by maximizing a transmittance and a phase adjustment range of the adjustment unit at a frequency of the wireless signal.

[0081] The structure of the adjustment unit needs to meet signal propagation in a multi-band frequency range (for example, frequency bands LI and L5), and has a characteristic of adapting to wide-angle incidence. Such a design ensures that the adjustment unit can effectively receive and transmit the wireless signal 131 at different incident angles, to ensure efficient transmission of the multi-band wireless signal 131. FIG. 5 A illustrates a schematic top view of an adjustment unit 500A in the metasurface component 120 according to some implementations of the present disclosure. The metal pattern of a central cross structure corresponding to the adjustment unit 500 A is used to generate resonance in the frequency band L5, where the changes of the parameters Pl, Psi, and w may achieve different phase regulation capabilities in the frequency band. The metal pattern of the peripheral cross structure generates resonance in the frequency band LI, and the change of the parameters P2 and PS2 may achieve a specified phase regulation capability in the frequency band. This design can achieve effective phase regulation capability in two different frequency bands, thereby optimizing the metasurface component 120 to adapt to the application of dual-band wireless signals.

[0082] FIG. 5B illustrates a schematic diagram of a stereoscopic effect 500B of an adjustment unit in the metasurface component 120 according to some implementations of the present disclosure. The adjustment unit in the metasurface component 120 has a multi-layer structure, each layer may include a metal region and an insulating region, and the constructing the metasurface component 120 involves the use of paper 501 and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 503. Specifically, the paper 501 is used as an insulating material for an insulating region and laminated on the polyvinyl chloride 503. On these substrates, designed metal patterns (a central cross metal pattern, a peripheral cross metal pattern) are attached. Through the spacing (labeled as hain FIG. 5B) between adjacent layers in the multi-layer structure, the transmission efficiency and the specified phase regulation capability of each layer are further optimized, thereby ensuring that high transmittance is achieved in different frequency bands.

[0083] In addition, in order to maximize the transmission efficiency of the wireless signal 131, the microstructure of the adjustment unit is designed to have a phase modulation capability close to 2n. Based on this, a geometric parameter (such as the size of the metal pattern, the size of the interval, and the like) of the adjustment unit is optimized to generate an ideal phase response at different frequency bands, thereby further improving the transmission efficiency. In the optimization process, the optimization device iteratively adjusts the structure of the adjustment unit to ensure its high transmittance and phase modulation capability in the LI and L5 frequency bands, to meet the indoor transmission requirements of wireless signals. Finally, the structure of the adjustment unit is determined based on the optimized corresponding relationship between the phase map and the geometric parameter, to form a metasurface pattern array suitable for dual frequency bands.Application Scenario for Metasurface Components

[0084] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart 600 of a method for signal adjustment according to some implementations of the present disclosure. At block 601, a wireless signal reaching a first space from a second space is adjusted by the metasurface component to cause the wireless signal to scatter at a specified angle range in a horizontal direction of the first space and to radiate directionally within a predetermined vertical range of the first space.

[0085] As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, the metasurface component 120 is disposed at a boundary (such as a partition between a building window, a wall, or a room) between the second space and the first space. The metasurface component 120 may include the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122 to steer and scatter the wireless signal.

[0086] The first metasurface 121 is responsible for receiving an incoming wireless signal 131 from the outside, and optimizing the entering angle of the wireless signal 131 through phase adjustment and direction control, thereby reducing signal attenuation, so that it maintains ahigh signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when penetrating a medium. The second metasurface 122 receives the transmitted signal processed by the first metasurface 121, and uniformly scatters the transmitted signal (which may also be referred to as the wireless signal) to the first space, to ensure that the signals in the first space are uniformly covered in horizontal and vertical directions.

[0087] At block 602, the adjusted wireless signal is received by a receiving terminal (the electronic device 110) in the first space.

[0088] In the first space, the electronic device 110 receives the adjusted wireless signal 131, and therefore, the electronic device 110 may serve as a receiving terminal. Through the electromagnetic characteristic (such as phase response and transmittance) of the metasurface component 120, strength distribution of the wireless signal 131 in the first space is optimized, the number of visible satellites or signal sources and signal strength are improved, and the electronic device 110 is enabled to accurately capture and process these wireless signals.

[0089] Based on the received adjusted wireless signal 131, the electronic device 110 may perform a predetermined task. For example, the electronic device 110 may perform an indoor positioning task, a navigation task, a time calibration task, or the like. Taking the indoor positioning task as an example, the electronic device 110 may use triangulation or other positioning techniques to estimate the specific location of the electronic device 110 by analyzing the arrival times of the plurality of wireless signals 131 adjusted by the metasurface component 120. According to the method, the cross-room and through-wall indoor positioning function can be effectively realized, accurate user location data can be provided, and the method is suitable for various indoor positioning application scenes such as navigation and item tracking.

[0090] Through the above process, the wireless signal 131 entering the target space is adjusted using the metasurface component 120. The adjustment target may include maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the wireless signal after entering the target space, thereby improving coverage and signal quality of the wireless signal 131 in the first space. The electronic device 110 in the first space may receive the optimized wireless signal 131 more clearly, which provides support for high-precision indoor positioning, navigation, and other wireless communication applications.

[0091] The predetermined task performed by the electronic device 110 is taken as an example, which is to determine the location of the receiving terminal (the electronic device 110). The wireless signal comprises a plurality of positioning signals adjusted by the at least one metasurface component, and the electronic device 110 determines a location of the electronic device 110 based on the plurality of positioning signals. As an example, the electronic device110 obtains data related to a motion state of the electronic device 110 from one or more sensors. The location of the electronic device 110 is determined based on the plurality of positioning signals and the data related to the motion state.

[0092] As an example, the sensor comprises an inertial measurement unit (IMU) that may detect acceleration, angular velocity, and directional change of the electronic device 110. Further, the sensor may comprise a magnetometer, which may be used to provide absolute orientation information. An optical sensor may be used to provide visual inertial data. During the positioning process, the motion state data of the electronic device 110 may be obtained using a sensor. The electronic device 110 may compute an accurate location of the electronic device 110 in the first space based on the motion state data in combination with the pseudo distances respectively determined for the plurality of positioning signals. By fusing data from a plurality of sensors, not only can positioning accuracy be improved, but also data can be compensated when part of the positioning signals are missing or dependence on the positioning signal can be reduced, so that a more stable and reliable indoor positioning effect is achieved.

[0093] The following describes an adjustment process of the wireless signal 131 by the metasurface component 120. The working principle of the metasurface component 120 is to realize the optimal distribution of the wireless signals 131 in the first space, based on the coordination and collaboration of the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122, by regulating the transmission angle and the radiation direction of the wireless signals 131. Specifically, the wireless signal 131 reaches the first metasurface 121 of the metasurface component 120. and the first metasurface 121 is configured to adjust a transmission angle of the wireless signal 131, to cause the wireless signal 131 to be transmitted in accordance with a predetermined angle range. With the adjustment of angle, the wireless signal 131 can penetrate the first metasurface 121 and be transmitted to the first space via a transmission medium (for example, air, a wall, glass).

[0094] After the wireless signal 131 passes through the transmission medium, the transmitted signal is received by the second metasurface 122 of the metasurface component 120. The second metasurface 122 is configured to adjust a radiation direction of a transmitted signal transmitted from the first metasurface 121, so that the transmitted signal (which may also be referred to as the wireless signal) achieves uniform coverage in a specified region of the first space. By adjusting the radiation direction of the transmitted signal, the second metasurface 122 may cause the transmitted signal to achieve an optimal coverage in a specified horizontal range and vertical range in the first space, especially in indoor positioning or other applications requiring extensive coverage, so that the transmitted signal can be uniformlydistributed at each corner of the target space.

[0095] In general, the metasurface component 120 adjusts a transmission angle of the wireless signal 131 by the first metasurface 121, and adjusts a radiation angle and a radiation direction of the transmitted signal by the second metasurface 122, to implement comprehensive adjustment of a propagation path of the wireless signal 131 in the first space. The cooperative work of the double-layer metasurface structure ensures that the wireless signal can cover the target region with ideal strength and direction after crossing an obstacle, greatly improves the transmission quality of the signal in the indoor environment, and provides high-quality signal support for predetermined tasks such as indoor positioning and navigation in the first space.

[0096] To implement accurate adjustment of the wireless signal, the first metasurface 121 adopts an array structure composed of a plurality of (nxn) adjustment units. Each adjustment unit is configured in design to have a specific electromagnetic characteristic in order to achieve a predetermined adjustment effect at the operating frequency of the wireless signal 131. These adjustment units, as basic constituent units of the metasurface component 120, may independently perform fine tuning of the electromagnetic characteristic, so that the first metasurface 121 can control its transmission angle within a predetermined range after receiving the wireless signal, thereby ensuring that the wireless signal can be efficiently transmitted to the target region (the second metasurface 122).

[0097] If the transmission medium between the first metasurface 121 and the second metasurface 122 is a medium such as a wall or glass, the wireless signal 131 can effectively penetrate the medium and achieve a desired transmission effect because these adjustment units have been configured with a target electromagnetic characteristic for the characteristic of the medium. The configuration of each adjustment unit comprises achieving a specified phase regulation capability at the frequency of the wireless signal, achieving a specified transmittance at the frequency of the wireless signal, or achieving impedance matching with a target medium between the plurality of metasurfaces.

[0098] Taking the specified phase regulation capability achieved at the frequency of the wireless signal as an example, the adjustment unit configures the phase to cause the wireless signal 131 to achieve the lowest phase deviation when penetrating the medium, thereby ensuring the phase consistency of the wireless signals 131 on different propagation paths.

[0099] Taking achieving the impedance matching with the target medium between the plurality of metasurfaces as an example, the impedance matching configuration of the adjustment unit enables the wireless signal 131 to minimize the reflection loss in the process of passing through the medium, and ensures that the transmitted signal can be transmitted atthe maximum power.

[0100] Taking achieving the specified transmittance at the frequency of the wireless signal as an example, the structure of the configured adjustment unit enables the wireless signal 131 to maintain a sufficient strength when passing through the medium, thereby enhancing the transmission quality of the wireless signal 131.

[0101] This design ensures that the first metasurface 121 not only can adjust the transmission angle of the wireless signal 131, but also can have better transmission performance even when facing a medium.

[0102] Similar to the first metasurface 121, the second metasurface 122 also adopts an array structure composed of a plurality of (nxn) adjustment units, to achieve accurate control of the transmitted signal. Each adjustment unit is configured in design to have a specific phase response at the frequency of the transmitted signal. This phase response design enables the second metasurface 122 to flexibly control the radiation direction and strength of the transmitted signal, and ensures that the transmitted signal achieves uniform coverage in a specific region of the first space.

[0103] By adjusting the phase response of each adjustment unit, the second metasurface 122 can re-scatter or directionally radiate the transmitted signal from the first metasurface 121 to be distributed as expected in the horizontal and vertical directions of the target space. In terms of specific effects, the design of the second metasurface 122 can reduce reflection and attenuation of the transmitted signal, enhance signal coverage of a specified region of the first space, and improve signal stability and strength, thereby providing a more stable and clearer signal environment for indoor positioning, navigation, and other applications.

[0104] Taking an indoor positioning scenario as a predetermined task as an example, generally, the wireless signals include positioning signals (for example, GNSS signals) respectively transmitted by a plurality of transmitters (for example, satellites). That is, each transmitting terminal transmits a positioning wireless signal, so there will be a plurality of positioning signals. Correspondingly, to improve the signal radiation effect in the target space, a plurality of metasurface components 120 are disposed.

[0105] Each positioning signal may enter the target space through a different metasurface component 120. In this scenario, to achieve accurate positioning, a first distance from a transmitting terminal of the positioning signal to the receiving terminal is determined for a positioning signal of the plurality of positioning signals. Second distances from the receiving terminal to respective metasurface components of the at least one metasurface component are determined. The location of the receiving terminal is determined based on the first distances respectively determined for the plurality of positioning signals and the seconddistances from the receiving terminal to the respective metasurface components of the at least one metasurface component.

[0106] In this way, in a complex scenario of a multi-metasurface component and a multitransmitting terminal, the electronic device 110 may automatically match a positioning signal with a metasurface through which the positioning signal passes, to achieve accurate positioning based on path matching. According to the adjustment solution based on multipath and multi-component, the positioning accuracy in an indoor environment is greatly improved, and reliable indoor positioning support is provided for a user.

[0107] For determining the first distance from the transmitting terminal of the positioning signal to the electronic device 110, the electronic device 110 needs to identify, from the plurality of metasurface components 120, the target metasurface component through which the positioning signal passes. Since the location of each metasurface component 120 is different, after the positioning signal passes through a specific metasurface component, a specific distance feature is shown on the path. The core of this process is to screen and judge each received positioning signal to identify the target metasurface component it has passed through.

[0108] After determining the target metasurface component, the electronic device 110 may obtain, by using the known location of the target metasurface component, the first distance from the transmitting terminal of the positioning signal to the electronic device 110 through the target metasurface. Based on this distance computation result, the electronic device 110 can accurately determine the path of the positioning signal, thereby supporting more accurate indoor positioning.

[0109] The above process effectively utilizes spatial location information of the target metasurface component, so that the electronic device 110 can realize accurate distance measurement for signal transmission through path differentiation in a complex indoor environment. This solution, based on metasurface component selection and path computation, can overcome challenges such as multipath interference and ensure positioning accuracy.

[0110] FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a determination principle 700 of a target metasurface component according to some implementations of the present disclosure. Different transmitting terminals (130-a, 130-b, 130-c) transmit positioning signals to different metasurface components (120-a, 120-b), and these positioning signals are then transmitted from the metasurface components to the electronic device 110. To determine the target metasurface component through which each positioning signal passes, the electronic device 110 needs to compute, for each possible metasurface component, a pseudo distanceof the positioning signal from the transmitting terminal to the electronic device 110, and a computation process may be expressed by using a formula as:Dt= PR(Sbrx) — R^^M^ = D(Si, Mj,rx') (8) where PR(Sbrx) may represent a pseudo distance from the transmitting terminal Stto the receiving terminal rx(the electronic device 110).may represent the distance from the transmitting terminal 5) to the / thmetasurface component. D Si, Mj, rz) may represent a residual pseudo distance if the signal travels from the transmitting terminal Stto the jthmetasurface component and then to the receiving terminal rx.

[0111] For each received positioning signal, the electronic device 110 traverses all possible metasurface components, computes and compares residuals (D,) of each metasurface component.

[0112] Assuming that the positioning signals transmitted by the transmitting terminal 130-a, the transmitting terminal 130-b, and the transmitting terminal 130-c may pass through the metasurface component 120-a or the metasurface component 120-b, the electronic device 110 computes path residuals under two assumptions, respectively. If the positioning signals transmitted by the signal transmitting terminal 130-a and the signal transmitting terminal 130-b do pass through the metasurface component 120-a, their residuals on the path of the metasurface component 120-a are relatively consistent. If the transmitting terminal 130-c passes through the metasurface component 120-b, a residual of the transmitting terminal 130-c on a path of the metasurface component 120-b is different from a residual of a positioning signal transmitted by the transmitting terminal 130-a and the transmitting terminal 130-b.

[0113] Therefore, the electronic device 110 may determine that the signal transmitted by the transmitting terminal 130-a and the transmitting terminal 130-b reaches the electronic device 110 through the metasurface component 120-a, while the signal transmitted by the transmitting terminal 130-c reaches the electronic device 110 through the metasurface component 120-b. According to the method, the actual path of the signal is accurately identified by utilizing the difference of the path residuals, so that the target metasurface component passed by each signal is identified.

[0114] For each positioning signal, PR^S^M^r^ represents a pseudo distance from the ithtransmitting terminal to the electronic device 110 through the jthmetasurface component. The pseudo distance relationship may be expressed as:PR(SbMj, r^R^St, Mj)+R(Mj, r^+clock (9) where R^SbMj^ may represent the distance (known) from the transmitting terminal Sttothehmetasurface component. R(Mj, rx^ may represent the distance from thethmetasurface component to the electronic device 110. clock may represent a clock deviation between the transmitting terminal Si and the electronic device 110. For each positioning signal, the electronic device 110 may compute a pseudo distance error RCLJof the positioning signal reaching the electronic device 110 through the jthmetasurface component:RCi}= PRfSt. Mprx) - R(SirMj) = R(M},rx) + clock. (10)

[0115] The computed result indicates that the distance from the transmitting terminal to the metasurface may be excluded, and the remaining is the sum of the distance from the metasurface to the receiving terminal and the clock bias error. Based on the computed result, the electronic device 110 may obtain a measurement value of the pseudo distance:Ctj = R(^Mj,rx^ + clock. (11)

[0116] For each metasurface component and the transmitting terminal, Cj may represent a measurement value of the pseudo distance (including the clock bias error) of a signal reaching the electronic device 110 after transmission by the zthtransmitting terminal through thehmetasurface component. Based on the measurement value of the pseudo distance, positioning of the electronic device 110 may be performed using, for example, trilateration. The trilateration is only an example of positioning, and a specific positioning algorithm is not limited thereto.

[0117] In order to determine an unknown clock bias between the 3D coordinate of the electronic device 110 and the transmitting terminal, positioning signals of 4 transmitting terminals are usually required to estimate 4 unknown numbers. In this scenario, the electronic device 110 needs to receive at least 4 positioning signals passing through the metasurface for positioning. If the Z-axis is known (for example, the user knows the floor of the building they are on and the typical height of the mobile phone from the ground), the unknown number is reduced to 3, and only 3 positioning signals passing through the metasurface need to be received for positioning.

[0118] It should be understood that the process described above is merely exemplary and is not intended to be limiting.Example Device

[0119] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an electronic device capable of implementing various implementations of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the electronic device 800 shown in FIG. 8 is merely an example and should not constitute any limitation on the functionality and scope of the implementations described in the present disclosure.

[0120] As shown in FIG. 8, the electronic device 800 includes an electronic device 800 in the form of a general-purpose computing device. The components of the electronic device 800 may include, but are not limited to, one or more processors or processing devices 810, a memory 820, a storage device 830, one or more communication units 840. one or more input devices 850, and one or more output devices 860.

[0121] In some implementations, the electronic device 800 may be implemented as a computing device, a computing system, a server, a mainframe, or another devices with computing capability.

[0122] The processing device 810 may be an actual or virtual processor and may perform various processes according to programs stored in the memory 820. In a multi-processor system, multiple processing units execute computer-executable instructions in parallel to improve the parallel processing capability of the electronic device 800. The processing device 810 may include a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a microprocessor, a controller, and / or a microcontroller, among others.

[0123] The electronic device 800 typically includes a plurality of computer storage medium. Such medium may be any available medium that is accessible to the electronic device 800, including but not limited to volatile and non-volatile medium, removable and non-removable medium. The memory 820 may include a volatile memory (for example, a register, cache, a random access memory (RAM)), a non-volatile memory (for example, a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory' (EEPROM), a flash memory), or some combination thereof. The storage device 830 may include removable or non-removable medium, and may include a computer-readable medium such as memory, flash drives, magnetic disk, or any other medium that can be used to store information and / or data and that can be accessed within electronic device 800.

[0124] The electronic device 800 may further include additional removable / non-removable, volatile / non-volatile storage medium. Although not shown in FIG. 8. a magnetic disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile magnetic disk and an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile optical disk may be provided. In these cases, each drive may be connected to a bus (not shown) by one or more data medium interfaces.

[0125] The communication unit 840 enables communication with another computing device through a communication medium. Additionally, the functionality of the components of the electronic device 800 may be implemented in a single computing cluster or multiple computing machines that are capable of communicating over a communication connection. Accordingly, the electronic device 800 may operate in a networked environment usinglogical connections to one or more other servers, personal computers (PCs), or another general network node.

[0126] The input device 850 may be one or more various input devices, such as a mouse, a keyboard, a data import device, and the like. The output device 860 may be one or more output devices, such as a display, a data export device, or the like. The electronic device 800 may also communicate with one or more external devices (not shown) via the communication unit 840 as needed. The external device such as a storage device, a display device, and the like, may communicate with one or more devices that enable a user to interact with the electronic device 800, or with any device (for example, a network card, a modem, and the like) that causes the electronic device 800 to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication may be performed via an input / output (I / O) interface (not shown).

[0127] In some implementations, in addition to being integrated on a single device, some or all of the various components of the electronic device 800 may also be provided in the form of a cloud computing architecture. In a cloud computing architecture, these components may be remotely arranged and may work together to implement the functionality' described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, cloud computing provides computing, software, data access, and storage services without requiring end users to be aware of the physical location or configuration of the system or hardware providing these services. In various implementations, cloud computing provides services over a wide area network, such as the Internet, using appropriate protocols. For example, cloud computing providers provide applications over a wide area network, and they may be accessed through a web browser or any other computing component. Software or components of the cloud computing architecture and corresponding data may be stored on a server at a remote location. Computing resources in the cloud computing environment may be centralized at the remote data center locations or they may be distributed. Cloud computing infrastructures may provide services through shared data centers even though they appear as a single access point for users. Thus, the components and functions described herein may be provided from a service provider at a remote location using a cloud computing architecture. Alternatively, they may be provided from a conventional server, or they may be installed directly or otherwise on a client device.

[0128] The electronic device 800 may be used to implement the signal adjustment process in multiple implementations of the present disclosure. The memory 820 may include one or more modules having one or more program instructions that may be accessed and executed by the processing device 810 to implement the functions of the various implementationsdescribed herein. For example, the memory 820 may include a positioning module 825, configured to perform an indoor positioning process in one or more of the foregoing implementations. As shown in FIG. 8, the electronic device 800 may receive a wireless signal reaching the first space via the input device 850. and may provide a location of the electronic device 800 through the output device 860. In some implementations, the electronic device 800 may also receive input from other devices (not shown) via the communication unit 840.Example Implementations

[0129] Some example implementations of the present disclosure are listed below.

[0130] In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for optimizing a metasurface component. The method comprises the following steps: determining, by simulating an adjustment of a wireless signal by the metasurface component, a simulated distribution result of the wireless signal in a first space, the wireless signal reaching the first space from a second space; and determining a structure of the metasurface component based on optimization of the simulated distribution result.

[0131] In some example implementations, the simulated distribution result comprises a radiation distribution, in the first space, of a transmitted signal from the metasurface component, and determining the structure of the metasurface component comprises: determining the structure of the metasurface component by at least one of: minimizing a difference between the radiation distribution and a target radiation distribution of the wireless signal in the first space, or maximizing an average signal strength in a specified region of the first space, or maximizing minimum signal strength.

[0132] In some example implementations, the target radiation distribution comprises at least one of: scattering within a specified angle range in a horizontal direction of the first space, or a specified angle range within a predetermined vertical range of the first space.

[0133] In some example implementations, the metasurface component comprises a plurality of metasurfaces, the plurality of metasurfaces respectively comprises an array composed of a plurality of adjustment units, and determining the structure of the metasurface component comprises: determining respective electromagnetic characteristics of the plurality of adjustment units by optimizing a specified function; and determining respective structures of the plurality of adjustment units based on the respective electromagnetic characteristics of the plurality of adjustment units.

[0134] In some example implementations, determining the respective structures of the plurality of adjustment units comprises: determining, for each of the plurality of adjustment units, the structure of the adjustment unit by maximizing a transmittance and a phaseadjustment range of the adjustment unit at a frequency of the wireless signal.

[0135] In some example implementations, the respective electromagnetic characteristics of the plurality of adjustment units comprise at least one of: achieving a specified phase regulation capability at the frequency of the wireless signal, achieving a specified transmittance at the frequency of the wireless signal, or achieving impedance matching with a target medium between the plurality of metasurfaces.

[0136] In some example implementations, the metasurface component comprises a first metasurface and a second metasurface, and determining the simulated distribution result comprises: determining a channel response matrix representing a propagation environment for the wireless signal based on the frequency of the wireless signal and a dielectric coefficient of a target medium between the first metasurface and the second metasurface; and determining the simulated distribution result based on the channel response matrix.

[0137] In some example implementations, the wireless signal comprises at least one of: a satellite signal, a cellular signal, a WiFi signal, a Bluetooth signal, or a signal transmitted using a wireless transmission protocol based on a spread spectrum technology.

[0138] In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for signal adjustment. The method includes: adjusting, by a metasurface component, a wireless signal reaching a first space from a second space, to cause the wireless signal to scatter at a specified angle range in a horizontal direction of the first space and to radiate directionally within a predetermined vertical range of the first space; and receiving the adjusted wireless signal by a receiving terminal in the first space.

[0139] In some example implementations, the wireless signal comprises a plurality of positioning signals adjusted by at least one metasurface component, and the method further comprises determining a location of the receiving terminal based on the plurality of positioning signals.

[0140] In some example implementations, determining the location of the receiving terminal comprises: determining, for a positioning signal of the plurality of positioning signals, a first distance from a transmitting terminal of the positioning signal to the receiving terminal; determining second distances from the receiving terminal to respective metasurface components of the at least one metasurface component; and determining the location of the receiving terminal based on the first distances respectively determined for the plurality of positioning signals and the second distances from the receiving terminal to the respective metasurface components of the at least one metasurface component.

[0141] In some example implementations, determining the first distance from the transmitting terminal of the positioning signal to the receiving terminal comprises:determining, from the at least one metasurface component, a target metasurface component adjusting the positioning signal; and determining the first distance from the transmitting terminal of the positioning signal to the receiving terminal based on a location of the target metasurface component.

[0142] In some example implementations, determining the target metasurface adjusting the positioning signal comprises: determining, for each of the at least one metasurface component, the first distance and a pseudo distance for the positioning signal to reach the receiving terminal from the transmitting terminal through the metasurface component; and determining, from the plurality of positioning signals, one or more positioning signals passing through a same metasurface component based on differences between the first distance and the pseudo distances respectively determined for the at least one metasurface component, to determine the target metasurface component adjusting the positioning signal.

[0143] In some example implementations, determining the location of the receiving terminal comprises: obtaining data related to a motion state of the receiving terminal from one or more sensors; and determining the location of the receiving terminal based on the plurality of positioning signals and the data related to the motion state.

[0144] In some example implementations, adjusting the wireless signal reaching the first space from the second space comprises: adjusting a transmission angle of the wireless signal by a first metasurface of the metasurface component, to cause the wireless signal to be transmitted from the first metasurface in a predetermined angle range and then propagated to a second metasurface of the metasurface component through a transmission medium; and adjusting, by the second metasurface, a radiation direction of a transmitted signal passing through the transmission medium, to cause the transmitted signal to radiate in a specified region of the first space.

[0145] In some example implementations, the adjusted wireless signal is for at least one of: positioning of the receiving terminal, navigation for the receiving terminal, or time calibration for the receiving terminal.

[0146] In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a metasurface component configured to adjust a wireless signal reaching a first space from a second space, and the metasurface component includes a first metasurface configured to adjust a transmission angle of the wireless signal, to cause the wireless signal to be transmitted from the first metasurface in a predetermined angle range and then propagated through a transmission medium; and a second metasurface, disposed parallel to the first metasurface, and configured to adjust a radiation direction of a transmitted signal passing through the transmission medium, to cause the transmitted signal to radiate in a specified region of the first space.

[0147] In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides a system for signal adjustment. The system for signal adjustment may include a metasurface component configured to adjust a wireless signal reaching a first space from a second space; and a computer program product comprising computer-executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, perform a predetermined task based on the adjusted wireless signal.

[0148] In a fifth aspect, according to implementations of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device, including: at least one processing unit; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processing unit and storing instructions for execution by the at least one processing unit, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processing unit, performing actions including: determining, by simulating an adjustment of a wireless signal by the metasurface component, a simulated distribution result of the wireless signal in a first space, the wireless signal reaching the first space from a second space; and determining a structure of the metasurface component based on optimization of the simulated distribution result.

[0149] In a sixth aspect, according to implementations of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product being tangibly stored in a computer storage medium and including computer executable instructions, the computer executable instructions, when executed by a device, causing the device to perform actions including: determining, by simulating an adjustment of a wireless signal by the metasurface component, a simulated distribution result of the wireless signal in a first space, the wireless signal reaching the first space from a second space; and determining a structure of the metasurface component based on optimization of the simulated distribution result.

[0150] Furthermore, the computer-executable instructions, when executed by the device, cause the device to perform one or more example implementations of the method of the above aspect.

[0151] In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a computer-readable medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform one or more example implementations of the method of the above aspect.

[0152] The functions described above herein above may be performed, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic means. For example, without limitation, example types of hardware logic means that may be used include field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-a-chip (SOCs), load programmable logic devices (CPLDs), and the like.

[0153] Program code for implementing the method of the present disclosure may be writtenin any combination of one or more programming languages. The program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, dedicated computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, causes the functions / operations specified in the flowchart and / or block diagrams to be performed. The program code may execute entirely on the machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package partly on the machine and partly on the remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.

[0154] In the context of present disclosure, a machine-readable medium may be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. The machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of machine-readable storage medium will include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory' (RAM), a read-only memory' (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory' (EPROM or a flash memory ), an optical fiber, a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0155] In addition, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed to achieve desirable results. Multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous in certain circumstances. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are included in the above discussion, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Certain features that are described in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable sub-combination.

[0156] Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and / or method logical acts, it is be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are merely example forms of implementing the claims.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A method for optimizing a metasurface component, comprising:determining, by simulating an adjustment of a wireless signal by the metasurface component, a simulated distribution result of the wireless signal in a first space, the wireless signal reaching the first space from a second space; anddetermining a structure of the metasurface component based on optimization of the simulated distribution result.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the simulated distribution result comprises a radiation distribution, in the first space, of a transmitted signal from the metasurface component, and determining the structure of the metasurface component comprises:determining the structure of the metasurface component by at least one of:minimizing a difference between the radiation distribution and a target radiation distribution of the wireless signal in the first space, ormaximizing an average signal strength in a specified region of the first space, or maximizing minimum signal strength.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the target radiation distribution comprises at least one of: scattering within a specified angle range in a horizontal direction of the first space, or a specified angle range within a predetermined vertical range of the first space.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the metasurface component comprises a plurality of metasurfaces, the plurality of metasurfaces respectively comprises an array composed of a plurality of adjustment units, and determining the structure of the metasurface component comprises:determining respective electromagnetic characteristics of the plurality of adjustment units by optimizing a specified function; anddetermining respective structures of the plurality of adjustment units based on the respective electromagnetic characteristics of the plurality of adjustment units.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the respective structures of the plurality of adjustment units comprises:determining, for each of the plurality of adjustment units, the structure of the adjustment unit by maximizing a transmittance and a phase adjustment range of the adjustment unit at a frequency of the wireless signal.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the respective electromagnetic characteristics of the plurality of adjustment units comprise at least one of:achieving a specified phase regulation capability at the frequency of the wireless signal, achieving a specified transmittance at the frequency of the wireless signal, orachieving impedance matching with a target medium between the plurality of metasurfaces.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the metasurface component comprises a first metasurface and a second metasurface, and determining the simulated distribution result comprises:determining a channel response matrix representing a propagation environment for the wireless signal based on the frequency of the wireless signal and a dielectric coefficient of a target medium between the first metasurface and the second metasurface; anddetermining the simulated distribution result based on the channel response matrix.

8. A method for signal adjustment, comprising:adjusting, by a metasurface component, a wireless signal reaching a first space from a second space, to cause the wireless signal to scatter at a specified angle range in a horizontal direction of the first space and to radiate directionally within a predetermined vertical range of the first space; andreceiving the adjusted wireless signal by a receiving terminal in the first space.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the wireless signal comprises a plurality of positioning signals adjusted by at least one metasurface component, and the method further comprises determining a location of the receiving terminal based on the plurality7of positioning signals.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the location of the receiving terminal comprises:determining, for a positioning signal of the plurality of positioning signals, a first distance from a transmitting terminal of the positioning signal to the receiving terminal;determining second distances from the receiving terminal to respective metasurface components of the at least one metasurface component; anddetermining the location of the receiving terminal based on the first distances respectively determined for the plurality of positioning signals and the second distances from the receiving terminal to the respective metasurface components of the at least one metasurface component.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein determining the first distance from the transmitting terminal of the positioning signal to the receiving terminal comprises:determining, from the at least one metasurface component, a target metasurface component adjusting the positioning signal; anddetermining the first distance from the transmitting terminal of the positioning signal to the receiving terminal based on a location of the target metasurface component.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein determining the target metasurface adjusting the positioning signal comprises:determining, for each of the at least one metasurface component, the first distance and a pseudo distance for the positioning signal to reach the receiving terminal from the transmittingterminal through the metasurface component; anddetermining, from the plurality of positioning signals, one or more positioning signals passing through a same metasurface component based on differences between the first distance and the pseudo distances respectively determined for the at least one metasurface component, to determine the target metasurface component adjusting the positioning signal.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein adjusting the wireless signal reaching the first space from the second space comprises:adjusting a transmission angle of the wireless signal by a first metasurface of the metasurface component, to cause the wireless signal to be transmitted from the first metasurface in a predetermined angle range and then propagated to a second metasurface of the metasurface component through a transmission medium; andadjusting, by the second metasurface, a radiation direction of a transmitted signal passing through the transmission medium, to cause the transmitted signal to radiate in a specified region of the first space.

14. An electronic device, comprising:at least one processing unit; andat least one memory' coupled to the at least one processing unit and storing instructions for execution by the at least one processing unit, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processing unit, performing a method of any of claims 1 to 13.

15. A computer program product tangibly stored in a computer storage medium and comprising computer executable instructions which, when executed by a device, causing the device to perform a method of any of claims 1 to 13.

Images