Battery

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a battery. According to the present disclosure, the battery includes: a positive electrode; a negative electrode including a divalent metal or a trivalent metal; and an electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The electrolyte comprises a halogenated compound in which at least one hydrogen atom of an alkane or a cycloalkane is substituted with a reactive substituent, which is represented by -AXn, wherein A may be any one of elements of groups 14 to 16, X may be a halogen element, and n may be an integer of 3 to 5.

Description

battery

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a battery.

[0002] Primary batteries are batteries that cannot be recharged after a single use. They are primarily used in low-power devices and include alkaline batteries, lithium batteries, and zinc-carbon batteries.

[0003] Lithium is commonly used as an active material that triggers electrochemical reactions in batteries. Due to its low molecular weight and high reactivity, lithium is considered optimal for realizing high-capacity batteries. However, lithium batteries have higher manufacturing costs compared to alkaline batteries or nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries. The cost of lithium metal can account for more than 40% of the battery's cost. Furthermore, since lithium is a highly reactive metal, it poses a risk of explosion or fire upon damage, requiring special caution during use, storage, and disposal. In particular, safety concerns regarding lithium metal can delay the approval of battery application devices (e.g., implantable devices) that utilize lithium batteries.

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, if lithium metal used as the negative electrode active material is replaced with another metal, it may be difficult to realize high-capacity batteries due to the characteristics of lithium, which has a small molecular weight and high reactivity. Therefore, it may be necessary to modify the electrolyte to realize high-capacity batteries. An electrolyte that receives electrons from the anode and is reduced when the negative electrode active material is oxidized is called a catholyte. Research on system electrodes and electrolyte systems optimized for high-capacity batteries by modifying the composition of the catholyte may be necessary.

[0005] The information described above disclosed in the background technology of this invention is intended only to enhance understanding of the background of the present invention and may therefore include information that does not constitute prior art.

[0006] The problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide a battery for solving the above-mentioned problems.

[0007] However, the technical problems that the present invention aims to solve are not limited to those described above, and other unmentioned problems can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the invention below.

[0008] One embodiment comprises an anode, a cathode comprising a divalent metal or a trivalent metal, and an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the electrolyte comprises a halogenated compound in which at least one hydrogen of an alkane or cycloalkane is substituted with a reactive substituent, and the reactive substituent is -AX n Provides a cell represented as such, wherein in the reactive substituent, A is any one of group 14 to 16 elements, X is a halogen element, and n is an integer from 3 to 5.

[0009] Another embodiment comprises an anode, a cathode comprising a divalent metal or a trivalent metal, and an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the electrolyte comprises a halogenated compound in which at least one carbon of a cycloalkane is substituted with a reactive substituent, and the reactive substituent is -AX n Provides a cell represented as such, wherein in the reactive substituent, A is any one of group 14 to 16 elements, X is a halogen element, and n is an integer from 2 to 4.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the safety issue of lithium batteries can be resolved.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, electrochemical reactivity can be increased and energy density per weight improved through modification of the cathode, casolite.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a high-capacity battery can be manufactured through a combination of an optimized cathode and a casolite.

[0013] However, the effects obtainable through the present invention are not limited to those described above, and other unmentioned technical effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the invention below.

[0014] The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention and serve to further enhance understanding of the technical concept of the present invention together with the detailed description of the invention provided below; therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited only to the matters described in such drawings.

[0015] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the appearance of the battery shown in Figure 1 when it begins to discharge.

[0017] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the discharge progressed compared to the battery shown in Figure 2.

[0018] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a reaction mechanism occurring at the interface between the positive electrode and the electrolyte of a battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a reaction mechanism occurring at the interface between the positive electrode and the electrolyte of a battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the appearance of a battery after discharge according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the structural formula of a halogenated compound according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the structural formula of a halogenated compound according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the structural formula of a halogenated compound according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the structural formula of a halogenated compound according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the structural formula of a halogenated compound according to some comparative examples of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 12 is a graph comparing the reactivity and molecular weight of the halogenated compounds shown in Figures 10 and 11.

[0027] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the structural formula of a redox catalyst according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. However, these are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is defined only by the scope of the claims set forth below.

[0029] Unless otherwise specifically stated in this specification, when a part such as a layer, film, region, plate, etc. is described as being "on" another part, this includes not only cases where it is "immediately on" another part, but also cases where there is another part in between.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified in this specification, a singular form may also include a plural form. Additionally, unless otherwise specified, "A or B" may mean "including A, including B, or including A and B."

[0031] In this specification, "combination of these" may mean a mixture of components, a laminate, a composite, a copolymer, an alloy, a blend, and a reaction product, etc.

[0032] Methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, but suitable methods and materials are described herein. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0033] In this specification, terms such as “comprising” or “having” are intended to indicate the existence of the features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, components, materials, or combinations thereof described in the specification, and should be understood as not excluding in advance the existence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, components, materials, or combinations thereof.

[0034] In this specification, the term “combination of these” means a mixture or combination with one or more of the described components, and may mean a mixture of components, a laminate, a composite, a copolymer, an alloy, a blend, and a reaction product, etc.

[0035] In this specification, the term “and / or” means any combination of one or more items described in relation and all combinations thereof. In this specification, the term “or” means “and / or”.

[0036] In this specification, when a part such as a layer, film, region, plate, etc. is described as being "on" another part, this includes not only cases where it is directly above the other part, but also cases where there is another part in between.

[0037] In this specification, terms such as "first," "second," etc., may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by these terms. The terms are used solely for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

[0038] In this specification, “metal” includes both metals and metalloids such as silicon and germanium in an elemental or ionic state.

[0039] In this specification, "alloy" means a mixture of two or more metals.

[0040] In this specification, "charge" and "to charge" refer to the process of providing electrochemical energy to a battery.

[0041] In this specification, "discharge" and "discharge" refer to the process of removing electrochemical energy from a battery.

[0042] In this specification, "anode" and "cathode" refer to electrodes where electrochemical reduction occurs during the discharge process.

[0043] In this specification, "cathode" and "anode" refer to electrodes where electrochemical oxidation occurs during the discharge process.

[0044] Exemplary embodiments will be described in more detail below.

[0045] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the state of the battery shown in FIG. 1 when it begins to discharge. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the state of the battery after discharge has progressed compared to FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a reaction mechanism occurring at the interface between the positive electrode and the electrolyte of a battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a reaction mechanism occurring at the interface between the positive electrode and the electrolyte of a battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the state of a battery after charging and discharging according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] In this disclosure, the sizes and relative sizes of the layers and regions depicted in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity of description. That is, the sizes depicted in the drawings are for convenience of understanding only and are not limited thereto. Additionally, throughout the specification, the same reference numerals may refer to the same components.

[0047] Referring to FIG. 1, a battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include a positive electrode (100) and a negative electrode (110) comprising a divalent metal or a trivalent metal. A battery according to one embodiment may include an electrolyte (120) disposed between the positive electrode (100) and the negative electrode (110). In one embodiment, the negative electrode (110) may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on the negative electrode current collector. Any current collector capable of functioning as a negative electrode in the art may be used as the negative electrode current collector. The electrolyte (120) may be in contact with the negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode.

[0048] Referring to FIG. 1, a cathode (110) according to one embodiment may include a metal (M). The metal (M) may be a neutral metal. The metal (M) may include a divalent metal or a trivalent metal. The standard reduction potential of the metal (M) may be -1.4 V or less relative to a standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). For example, the metal (M) may be Mg, Ca, which is a divalent metal, or Al, which is a trivalent metal.

[0049] In one embodiment, the metal (M) may be dissolved or dispersed in the electrolyte (120) in addition to the cathode (110). In this case, the metal (M) may become the electrolyte (120) and cause an electrochemical reaction.

[0050] When the cathode (110) contains a divalent metal or a trivalent metal, the number of electrons that can be provided to the redox reaction is greater compared to when a monovalent metal is used as the cathode, so the reactivity of the electrochemical reaction can be improved.

[0051] Referring to FIG. 1, a battery according to one embodiment may include a positive electrode (100). An electrolyte (120) disposed between the positive electrode (100) and the negative electrode (110) may contain ions that move between the positive electrode (100) and the negative electrode (110). The ions may move between the positive electrode (100) and the negative electrode (110) depending on charging and discharging. In one embodiment, the positive electrode (100) and the negative electrode (110) may be physically and / or electrically separated. For example, the battery may further include a separator between the positive electrode (100) and the negative electrode (110) as shown in FIG. 1. Alternatively, the positive electrode (100) and the negative electrode (110) may be housed in separate cases.

[0052] An anode (100) according to one embodiment may include carbon or metal. For example, the anode (100) may include graphene, graphene oxide, graphite, carbonized material, carbon nanomaterial, carbon powder, carbon gas diffusion layer, Pt, Ni, Pd, Fe, Co, Au, Cu, or any combination thereof.

[0053] The carbide material is a composition containing carbon, which may include a material that is heated under specific conditions to be partially oxidized and in which the conjugation structure of the molecule is expanded. In one embodiment, the carbide material may further include elements other than carbon, and the elements other than carbon may be materials that enhance the performance of the electrode. The elements other than carbon that may be included in the carbide material may be metals such as Sn or N, P, O, Si, etc.

[0054] In one embodiment, the anode (100) is CF x It may include.

[0055] In one embodiment, the anode (100) may be any one of Pt, Ni, Pd, Fe, Co, Au, Cu, or a combination thereof. Alternatively, the anode (100) may include a metal oxide. For example, it may include MnO, NiO, metal sulfides, metal fluorides, etc.

[0056] The weight-based loading amount of the positive electrode (100) or negative electrode (110) of the battery according to one embodiment is 0.1 mg / cm² 2 to 200 mg / cm² 2 or 30 mg / cm² 2 to 70 mg / cm² 2 It may be, but is not limited to this.

[0057] An electrolyte (120) according to one embodiment is disposed between an anode (100) and a cathode (110) and may include a halogenated compound. Here, the electrolyte (120) may be a catholyte capable of exchanging electrons with the anode (100). That is, an electrochemical redox reaction that drives the battery may occur between the catholyte and the aforementioned cathode (110). In the present disclosure, a halogenated compound may refer to a molecule containing a halogen element.

[0058] Referring to FIG. 1, the electrolyte (120) may include a halogenated compound (RX). Here, X means one or more halogen elements (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I). R may mean an aliphatic hydrocarbon substituted with at least one reactive substituent, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon substituted with at least one reactive substituent and at least one hydrogen substituted with an electron withdrawing group (EWG), excluding the halogen element (X).

[0059] In this case, the reactive substituent and the electron-attracting group may differ. The reactive substituent will be described later. The electron-attracting group may be a functional group selected from the group consisting of -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -NO2, and -CN, but is not limited thereto; any functional group capable of lowering the electron density of the bonded molecule may be included. The above-mentioned aliphatic hydrocarbon may have an alkane, alkene, or alkyne structure.

[0060] In one embodiment, the halogenated compound (RX) may be a molecule in which at least one hydrogen of an alkane or a cycloalkane is substituted with a reactive substituent. The reactive substituent is -AX n It is represented as such, and in the reactive substituent, A is any one of the elements of Group 14 to Group 16, X is a halogen element, and n can be an integer from 3 to 5. For example, if A is a Group 14 element, n can be 3; if A is a Group 15 element, n can be 4; and if A is a Group 16 element, n can be 5.

[0061] For example, the reactive substituent may be any one of -SF5, -SeF5, -PF4, or -SiF3, but is not limited thereto, and is not limited to any substituent that can increase reactivity for electrochemical reactions when a halogenated compound (RX) is included in the electrolyte.

[0062] In a halogenated compound (RX) according to one embodiment, the number of carbon atoms of the alkane may be 1 to 5. As another example, the number of carbon atoms of the cycloalkane may be 3 to 6. In this case, the energy density per weight of the battery made with an electrolyte (120) containing the low molecular weight halogenated compound (RX) may be high.

[0063] When the halogenated compound (RX) includes an alkane or a cycloalkane, or has the number of carbon atoms as described above, or both, a casolite with relatively low viscosity can be manufactured, thereby improving the mobility of ions within the electrolyte (120) and improving the performance of the battery containing the electrolyte (120). When using an electrolyte (120) with low viscosity, the use of the solvent required for the electrolyte (120) can be minimized. Here, the solvent may be an organic solvent, for example, propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethoxyethane (DME), methyl acetate, alpha-alpha-dimethylbenzene (Xylene), etc. However, it is not limited to any solvent that can be used as a solvent for a battery in the relevant technical field.

[0064] The lower the viscosity of the electrolyte (120), the better the mobility of ions moving between the positive electrode (100) and the negative electrode (110). Additionally, the lower the viscosity of the electrolyte (120), the higher the concentration of ions dissolved in the electrolyte, and accordingly, the energy density and capacity of the battery can be increased.

[0065] The electron-attracting group may be a functional group selected from the group consisting of -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -NO2, and -CN, but is not limited thereto; any functional group capable of lowering the electron density of the bonded molecule (alkane or cycloalkane) may be included. The aliphatic hydrocarbon may be an alkane, alkene, alkyne structure, or cycloalkane.

[0066] In one embodiment, if a separator is further included between the anode and the cathode, the halogenated compound (RX) may be located between the anode and the separator. In the initial state of the battery, the halogenated compound (RX) may be introduced into the electrolyte contained between the anode and the separator. However, it is not limited thereto, and the halogenated compound (RX) may be introduced entirely into the electrolyte contained in a single case without a separator, or may be introduced between the separator and the anode and between the separator and the cathode, respectively, in the presence of a separator.

[0067] An electrolyte according to one embodiment may include a halogenated compound (RX) in which at least one carbon of a cycloalkane is substituted with a reactive substituent. In this case, the reactive substituent is -AX n It is represented as such, and in the reactive substituent, A is any one of the elements of Group 14 to Group 16, X is a halogen element, and n can be an integer from 2 to 4. For example, if A is a Group 14 element, n can be 2; if A is a Group 15 element, n can be 3; and if A is a Group 16 element, n can be 4.

[0068] According to some embodiments, the reactive substituent may be any one of -SF4-, -SeF4-, -PF3-, or -SiF2-. When the halogenated compound (RX) includes these reactive substituents, the reactivity of the electrochemical reaction, which is lower than when lithium metal is used as the cathode (110) by using a metal other than lithium as the cathode (110), can be increased.

[0069] In one embodiment, the halogenated compound (RX) may be one in which at least one hydrogen of the cycloalkane is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group. The electron-withdrawing group may be a functional group selected from the group consisting of -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -NO2, and -CN, but is not limited thereto, and any functional group capable of lowering the electron density of the bonded cycloalkane may be applicable.

[0070] According to one embodiment, the number of carbon atoms in the cycloalkane of the halogenated compound (RX) may be 3 or 4. In this case, the capacity and energy density per weight of the battery containing the halogenated compound may be improved by using the low molecular weight halogenated compound as a casolite. Additionally, when the halogenated compound (RX) is a cycloalkane and / or the number of carbon atoms is as described above, a casolite with relatively low viscosity can be produced, thereby producing a casolite with low viscosity in the electrolyte, which improves the mobility of ions in the electrolyte (120) and improves the performance of the battery containing the electrolyte (120). Furthermore, reactivity may be improved when the number of carbon atoms is low, and this will be described later.

[0071] In one embodiment, the battery may be a primary battery or a rechargeable secondary battery. Below, the case where it is a primary battery will be described as an example.

[0072] Referring to FIG. 2, at the beginning of the discharge of the battery described in FIG. 1, the electrolyte (120) is a halogenated compound (RX), and ions (M) released when the metal of the negative electrode (110) is oxidized. n+ It may include electrons (e) emitted from the metal of the cathode. - The battery operates as it is transferred to the positive electrode.

[0073] FIG. 3 may show a state in which the discharge capacity is reduced compared to the battery described in FIG. 2. Referring to FIG. 3, in one embodiment, the electrolyte (120) is ions (M emitted from the negative electrode (110) n+ ), byproduct (R) generated by the reduction of halogenated compounds (RX) red. ) and halide ions (X - It may include ).

[0074] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the electrochemical reaction occurring between the positive electrode (100) and the electrolyte (120) in the battery of FIG. 3. Referring to FIG. 4, the halogen compound (RX) included in the catholite described above receives electrons (ne) from the positive electrode (100) at the interface with the positive electrode (100). - It can be reduced by receiving ). At this time, as described above, if a divalent metal or a trivalent metal is used as the cathode (110), n may be 2 or 3. However, this may mean the number of electrons provided per mole of mole of the cathode (110), and the total number of electrons provided to the halogen compound (RX) may be greater than this.

[0075] Referring to FIG. 4, in one embodiment, a byproduct (R) reduced from a halogen compound (RX) red. ) may contain a halogen element, or it may not contain a halogen element as all halogen elements bonded to each molecule of the halogen compound (RX) are released. When a halogen element (X or others) contained in the halogen compound (RX) is reduced by receiving one electron from the anode (100), the halide ion (X) - or other) can be dissolved in the electrolyte (120).

[0076] Referring to FIG. 5, as described in FIG. 3, the electrolyte (120) is an ion (M) released when the metal of the cathode (110) is oxidized. n+ ) and halide ions (X - It contains ) halide ions (X - or other) the ions (M) released when the metal of the cathode (110) is oxidized and ions (M) are emitted. n+ Reacts with ) to form a halide layer (MX n ) may be precipitated. Halogenated layer (MX n ) can be formed at the interface between the anode (100) and the electrolyte (120). In one embodiment, as the discharge of the battery progresses, the halogenated layer (MX) n The amount of precipitation of ) may increase.

[0077] Referring to FIG. 6, an anode (100) according to one embodiment has a halogenated layer (140, MX n It may further include a halogenated layer (140, MX n ) refers to divalent metal ions or trivalent metal ions produced by the oxidation of a divalent or trivalent metal, and halide ions (X) produced by the reduction of a halide compound (RX). - It may be generated by reacting with ). In one embodiment, the halogenated layer (140, MX n ) can be disposed between the anode (100) and the electrolyte (120). A halogenated layer (140, MX according to one embodiment) n ) can cover all or part of the surface of the anode (100).

[0078] Halogenated layer (140, MX n ) can function as a stable and inert passivation layer formed on the surface of a metal or carbon-based material in some embodiments. Halogenated layer (140, MX n ) can prevent corrosion or damage to the surface of the anode (100) exposed to the electrolyte (120) or solvent. The halogenated layer (140, MX n ) can adjust the composition by varying the type of the aforementioned reactive substituent. For example, when the reactive substituent is -SF5, MF n A halogenated layer (140, MX) composed of n ) In the case where the reactive substituent is -SCl5, MCl n A halogenated layer (140, MX) composed of n ) can be formed.

[0079] The electrolyte (120) according to one embodiment may further contain by-products resulting from the reduction reaction of a halogenated compound (RX). This may vary depending on the type of reactive substituent, and thus control may be possible depending on the properties of the by-product. For example, when -SF5 is used as the reactive substituent, a polysulfide compound may be included as a by-product.

[0080] FIGS. 7 to 9 are drawings showing the structural formulas of halogenated compounds according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIGS. 7 to 9 show examples of halogenated compound designs that ensure both the stability and reactivity of the battery. Such examples may be molecular structures adopted through molecular weight calculations and reaction heat calculations described below.

[0081] Referring to FIG. 7, an electrolyte according to one embodiment comprises a halogenated compound in which at least one hydrogen of an alkane or a cycloalkane is substituted with a reactive substituent, wherein the reactive substituent is -AX n It is represented as such, where A is any one of the elements of group 14 to 16, X is a halogen element, and n can be an integer from 3 to 5.

[0082] For example, referring to FIG. 7, the halogenated compound (700) is a molecule in which a hydrogen of an alkane having 3 carbon atoms is substituted with a reactive substituent of -SF5. As another example, the halogenated compound (710) is a molecule in which a hydrogen of an alkane having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is substituted with a reactive substituent of -SF5, and another hydrogen of the alkane is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group of -CN. As yet another example, the halogenated compound (720) is a molecule in which a hydrogen of an alkane having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is substituted with a reactive substituent of -SF5, and another hydrogen of the alkane is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group of -F. However, it is not limited thereto, and the electron-withdrawing group may be -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -NO2, or -CN, etc., and the reactive substituent may be -SF5, -SeF5, -PF4, or -SiF3, etc. The decrease in reactivity caused by changes in the cathode can be compensated for through the introduction of these electron-attracting groups and reactive substituents.

[0083] For example, referring to FIG. 8, the halogenated compound (800) is a molecule in which a hydrogen of a cycloalkane having three carbon atoms is substituted with a reactive substituent of -SF5, and another hydrogen of the cycloalkane is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group of -F. As another example, the halogenated compound (810) is a molecule in which a hydrogen of a cycloalkane having three carbon atoms is substituted with a reactive substituent of -SF5, and another hydrogen of the cycloalkane is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group of -CN. In this case, the halogenated compound contains an aliphatic hydrocarbon with a cyclic structure having a relatively small number of carbon atoms, and when two or more hydrogens are substituted and adopted as the cathode of a battery, the electrochemical reactivity of the battery can be increased.

[0084] Referring to FIG. 9, an electrolyte according to one embodiment comprises a halogenated compound in which at least one carbon of a cycloalkane is substituted with a reactive substituent, wherein the reactive substituent is -AX nIt is represented as such, where A is any one of the elements of group 14 to 16, X is a halogen element, and n can be an integer from 2 to 4.

[0085] For example, referring to FIG. 9, the halogenated compound (900) is a molecule in which a carbon of a cycloalkane having 3 carbon atoms is substituted with -SF4- and a hydrogen of the cycloalkane is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group (Rn). The halogenated compound (910) is a molecule in which a carbon of a cycloalkane having 3 carbon atoms is substituted with -PF3- and a hydrogen of the cycloalkane is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group (Rn). The halogenated compound (920) is a molecule in which a carbon of a cycloalkane having 3 carbon atoms is substituted with -SiF2- and a hydrogen of the cycloalkane is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group (Rn). The halogenated compound (930) is a molecule in which a carbon of a cycloalkane having 4 carbon atoms is substituted with -SF4- and a hydrogen of the cycloalkane is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group (Rn). Halogenated compounds (940) are molecules in which a carbon of a cycloalkane having 4 carbon atoms is substituted with -PF3- and a hydrogen of the cycloalkane is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group (Rn). Halogenated compounds (950) are molecules in which a carbon of a cycloalkane having 4 carbon atoms is substituted with -SiF2- and a hydrogen of the cycloalkane is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group (Rn). Additionally, molecules that are not substituted with an electron-withdrawing group can also be examples of halogenated compounds.

[0086] A halogenated compound having a structure as shown in Fig. 9 has at least one electron-density substituent bonded to a ring structure with a relatively small number of carbon atoms, and thus has high ring strain, so when adopted as a cathode, it can undergo active electrochemical reactions even with a low-reactivity cathode.

[0087] As described above, when an alkane or cycloalkane is included in the molecular structure of a halogen compound, the molecular weight is reduced and the viscosity may be lower than when an aromatic hydrocarbon is included. In addition, a battery in which a divalent metal or a trivalent metal is used as the negative electrode has a high energy density per unit weight, and reactivity can be ensured within a range where stability is guaranteed by the combination of the negative electrode and the cathode.

[0088] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the structural formula of a halogenated compound according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the structural formula of a halogenated compound according to some comparative examples of the present disclosure. FIG. 12 is a graph comparing the reactivity and molecular weight of the halogenated compounds shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11.

[0089] Referring to FIG. 10, halogenated compound (A) is a molecule in which a hydrogen of a cycloalkane with three carbon atoms is substituted with -SF5 (reactive substituent). Halogenated compound (B) is a molecule in which a hydrogen of a cycloalkane with three carbon atoms is substituted with -SF5 (reactive substituent), and two hydrogens bonded to other carbons of the cycloalkane are each substituted with -F (electron-withdrawing group). Halogenated compound (C) is a molecule in which a hydrogen of a cycloalkane with three carbon atoms is substituted with -SF5 (reactive substituent), and a hydrogen bonded to other carbons of the cycloalkane is substituted with -NO2 (electron-withdrawing group). Halogenated compound (D) is a molecule in which a hydrogen of a cycloalkane with three carbon atoms is substituted with -SF5 (reactive substituent), and two hydrogens bonded to other carbons of the cycloalkane are each substituted with -CN (electron-withdrawing group).

[0090] Referring to FIG. 11, halogenated compound (a) is a molecule in which a hydrogen bonded to a benzene ring belonging to an aromatic compound is substituted with -SF5 (reactive substituent). Halogenated compound (b) is a molecule in which a hydrogen bonded to a benzene ring belonging to an aromatic compound is substituted with -SF5 (reactive substituent), and a hydrogen bonded to another carbon of the corresponding cycloalkane is substituted with -NO2 (electron-withdrawing group). Halogenated compound (c) is a molecule in which a hydrogen bonded to a benzene ring belonging to an aromatic compound is substituted with -SF5 (reactive substituent), and a hydrogen bonded to another carbon of the corresponding cycloalkane is substituted with -I (electron-withdrawing group).

[0091] Figure 12 is a graph reflecting the molecular weight of the halogenated compound according to Figures 10 and 11 and the theoretical heat of reaction in the redox reaction between the halogenated compound and aluminum (cathode). It is indicated that the higher the heat of reaction of the redox forward reaction of the halogenated compound, the higher the reactivity of the corresponding reaction.

[0092] Referring to FIG. 12, it was confirmed that the halogenated compounds (A, B, C, D) according to some embodiments generally have small molecular weights and high reactivity. In contrast, the halogenated compounds (a, b, c) according to some comparative examples were confirmed to generally have larger molecular weights and lower reactivity compared to the halogenated compounds (A, B, C, D) according to the embodiments. Specifically, the molecular weights of the halogenated compounds were 168.13 g / mol for C3H5F5S (A), 204.106 g / mol for C3H3F7S (B), 213.122 g / mol for C3H4F5NO2S (C), and 218.144 g / mol for C5H3F5N2S (D), respectively. The molecular weight of C6H5F5S(a) was 204.157 g / mol, the molecular weight of C6H4F5NO2S(b) was 249.155 g / mol, and the molecular weight of C6H4F5IS(c) was 330.054 g / mol.

[0093] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the structural formula of a redox catalyst according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0094] The electrolyte of a battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a redox catalyst. When a redox catalyst is introduced, the reactivity reduced by the introduction of a divalent or trivalent metal can be compensated for, so that the reactivity is designed to be not significantly different from when lithium metal is used as the negative electrode. The electrolyte according to one embodiment includes a redox catalyst, so that the electron transfer reaction between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery can be activated.

[0095] The redox catalyst may be a porphyrin structure, for example as shown in FIG. 13, but is not limited thereto, and any catalyst for redox reactions used in the art can be used. Since the reactivity is evaluated theoretically, the actual reactivity may be lower than the theoretical value. In this case, the desired electrochemical system can be realized by introducing a redox catalyst to control the reaction rate.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 13, a redox catalyst according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may be a metalloporphyrin derivative (1300) or a manganese porphyrin derivative (1310). The metalloporphyrin (1300) may be a free base porphyrin (H2Pp) with M = 2H, a copper porphyrin (CuPp) with M = Cu, or a zinc porphyrin (ZnPp) with M = Zn. Since the redox catalyst does not participate in the cell reaction even when included in the electrolyte, there is an advantage that the desired cell performance can be designed without significant fluctuations in the electrochemical system.

[0097] Although the present invention has been described above by limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention and the equivalent scope of the claims described below by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

Claims

1. Anode; A cathode comprising a divalent metal or a trivalent metal; and Electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode Includes, The above electrolyte comprises a halogenated compound in which at least one hydrogen of an alkane or cycloalkane is substituted with a reactive substituent, and The above reactive substituent is -AX n It is displayed as, A cell in which, in the above reactive substituent, A is any one of group 14 to 16 elements, X is a halogen element, and n is an integer from 3 to 5.

2. In Paragraph 1, The above halogenated compound is a cell in which at least one hydrogen of the alkane or the cycloalkane is substituted with a functional group selected from the group consisting of -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -NO2, and -CN.

3. In Paragraph 1, A cell in which the number of carbon atoms of the above alkane is 1 to 5.

4. In Paragraph 1, A cell in which the number of carbon atoms of the above-mentioned cycloalkane is 3 to 6.

5. In Paragraph 1, The above negative electrode comprises a trivalent metal, in a battery.

6. In Paragraph 5, The above-mentioned negative electrode is a battery comprising aluminum.

7. In Paragraph 1, A battery in which a halogenated layer formed by the reaction of a divalent metal ion or a trivalent metal ion generated by the oxidation of the divalent metal or the trivalent metal with a halogenated ion generated by the reduction of the halogenated compound is disposed between the anode and the electrolyte.

8. In Paragraph 1, The above reactive substituent is any one of -SF5, -SeF5, -PF4, or -SiF3, a cell.

9. In Paragraph 1, The above electrolyte further comprises a redox catalyst, a battery.

10. In Paragraph 1, A battery further comprising a separator between the anode and the cathode, wherein the halogenated compound is located between the anode and the separator.

11. Anode; A cathode comprising a divalent metal or a trivalent metal; and Electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode Includes, The above electrolyte comprises a halogenated compound in which at least one carbon of a cycloalkane is substituted with a reactive substituent, and The above reactive substituent is -AX n It is displayed as, A cell in which, in the above reactive substituent, A is any one of group 14 to 16 elements, X is a halogen element, and n is an integer from 2 to 4.

12. In Paragraph 11, The above halogenated compound is a cell in which at least one hydrogen of the cycloalkane is substituted with a functional group selected from the group consisting of -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -NO2, and -CN.

13. In Paragraph 11, A cell in which the number of carbon atoms of the above-mentioned cycloalkane is 3 or 4.

14. In Paragraph 11, The above negative electrode comprises a trivalent metal, in a battery.

15. In Paragraph 14, The above-mentioned negative electrode is a battery comprising aluminum.

16. In Paragraph 11, A battery in which a halogenated layer formed by the reaction of a divalent metal ion or a trivalent metal ion generated by the oxidation of the divalent metal or the trivalent metal with a halogenated ion generated by the reduction of the halogenated compound is disposed between the anode and the electrolyte.

17. In Paragraph 11, The above reactive substituent is any one of -SF4-, -SeF4-, -PF3- or -SiF2-, a cell.

18. In Paragraph 11, The above electrolyte further comprises a redox catalyst, a battery.

19. In Paragraph 11, The above-mentioned positive electrode comprises graphene, graphene oxide, graphite, carbonized material, carbon nanomaterial, carbon powder, carbon gas diffusion layer, Pt, Ni, Pd, Fe, Co, Au, Cu, or any combination thereof, in a battery.

20. In Paragraph 11, A battery further comprising a separator between the anode and the cathode, wherein the halogenated compound is located between the anode and the separator.

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