Stripping solvent for photolithography
A stripping solvent composed of water, alkanolamine, and glycol ether efficiently removes positive photoresist masks from substrates without harming underlying materials, addressing the challenges of existing photolithography processes.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing photolithography processes face challenges in efficiently removing positive photoresist masks without damaging underlying conductor or semiconductor materials, while requiring solvents that are inexpensive and readily available.
A stripping solvent comprising more than 70 weight percent water, 5 to 19 weight percent alkanolamine soluble in water, and 10 to 24 weight percent glycol ether is used to remove positive photoresist masks, leveraging the non-reactive properties of these components with common conductors and semiconductors.
The solvent effectively and quickly removes positive photoresist masks with minimal impact on the substrate, utilizing inexpensive and readily available alkanolamine and glycol ether components.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024134399-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024134399-FTAPPB-I100002
Abstract
Description
STRIPPING SOLVENT FOR PHOTOLITHOGRAPHYTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This invention relates to the field of photolithography.BACKGROUND
[0002] Photolithography is commonly used to make both electronic components and video screens. Electronic components and video screens contain complex and finely detailed patterns of electrical conductor and semiconductor material. The patterns are formed by depositing a layer of electrical conductor and semiconductor material on a base substrate, covering the areas of the layer with a mask of photoresist and then selectively removing the material that is not covered by the mask.
[0003] A typical process includes the following steps: a. Apply a layer of the conductor or semiconductor material to a base substrate, and optionally treat it to adhere to photoresist. b. Apply an even layer of photoresist solution directly or indirectly to the layer of conductor or semiconductor material. The photoresist is a material that reacts with light to make it either more or less soluble in a developer solvent. The photoresist is dissolved or suspended in a solvent to form a liquid solution of correct viscosity for the application technique. c. Soft-bake the photoresist to drive off solvent and harden it. d. Expose the photoresist to light in a pattern that reflects the desired pattern of the mask on the conductor or semiconductor material, and optionally hard bake the photoresist to complete the reaction of the photoresist. e. Dissolve the unwanted portions of the photoresist by contact with a “developer” solvent, to expose areas of the conductor or semiconductor material that should be etched and to leave a mask of photoresist on the portions of the conductor or semiconductor material that should not be etched. f. Etch the unmasked portion of the conductor or semiconductor layer to remove it, such as by contact with an acid, while leaving the masked portion in the form of the desired circuit; and g. Strip the mask using a stripping solvent to reveal the circuit formed in the etching step. Optionally, a layer of nonconductive material may be applied on top of the newly-formed circuit and the process can be repeated to build up multiple layers of circuits on the base substrate.
[0004] Photoresists may be positive or negative. Positive photoresist becomes more soluble on exposure to the light, so that in step (e) the developer removes areas of the photoresist that were exposed to the light.
[0005] Some positive photoresists contain acrylate ester polymers dissolved in a solvent. Soft-baking (c) drives offthe solvent and leaves a solid coating of the acrylate ester polymers on the substrate. Exposure to light converts ester groups on the polymer to acid groups, which make the polymer soluble in a basic solution. Examples include poly (methyl methacrylate) and poly (t-butyl acrylate) .
[0006] Some positive photoresists contain (1) a phenolic resin such as a novolac resin; and (2) a photoactive compound such as a diazo-naphthaquinone compound, both dissolved in an organic solvent such as a methoxy alkyl acetate. Soft-baking (c) drives off the solvent and leaves a solid coating of the resin and photosensitive material on the substrate. The photoactive compound reduces the solubility of the phenolic resin in the developer. Exposure to light decomposes the photoactive compound, leaving the exposed areas of the phenolic resin able to be dissolved by the developer.
[0007] A negative photoresist becomes less soluble on exposure to the light, typically by crosslinking, so that in step (e) the developer removes areas of the photoresist that were not exposed to the light. Some negative photoresists may contain (1) a phenolic resin such as a novolac resin and (2) a cross-linker that is activated by exposure to light, all dissolved in an organic solvent. Soft-baking (c) drives off the solvent and leaves a solid coating of the resin and photosensitive material on the substrate. Exposure to light causes the photoactive compound to crosslink with the phenolic resin. The developer dissolves the uncross-linked photoresist more easily than the cross-linked photoresist.
[0008] The stripping step (g) that removes the cured mask at the end of the process is a critical step. The stripping solvent must fully remove the mask, or residual mask can interfere with later steps in the process. However, the stripping solvent must not harm the underlying conductor or semiconductor material, which is often very thin and easily damaged. The stripping solvent desirably works quickly to speed production and to reduce exposure of the substrate to the stripping solvent. Ideally, the stripping solvent uses materials that are inexpensive and readily available.
[0009] An object of this invention is to identify new stripping solvents for use in photolithography with positive photoresists.SUMMARY
[0010] One aspect of this invention is a process to remove a positive photoresist mask from a substrate comprising the step of contacting the photoresist mask with a stripping solvent that comprises: a) more than 70 weight percent water; b) from 5 to 19 weight percent alkanolamine that is soluble in water up to at least 5 weight percent at 25℃ and atmospheric pressure and c) from 10 to 24 weight percent glycol ether, for a time and under conditions sufficient to remove the cured photoresist material from the substrate. Weight percentages are based on the combined weight of water, alkanolamine and glycol ether.
[0011] A second aspect of this invention is the use of a solution that comprises: a) more than 70 weight percent water; b) from 5 to 19 weight percent alkanolamine that is soluble in water up to at least 5 weight percent at 25℃ and atmospheric pressure; and c) from 10 to 24 weight percent glycol ether. as a stripping solvent to remove a positive photoresist mask.
[0012] The stripping solvents of this invention contain mostly water. The alkanolamine and glycol ether components are inexpensive and readily available. They are generally non-reactive with common conductor and semi-conductor materials. The alkanolamine and glycol ether components quickly remove photoresist mask on low concentrations with high levels of water.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] The process of this invention is practiced on a substrate that has a positive photoresist mask adhered to it.
[0014] In some embodiments, the substrate is an electrical component in production. In some embodiments, the substrate is a video screen in production. In some embodiments, the substrate comprises one or more of: a) Base substrate material such as silicon, quartz, fused silica, ceramic, glass or fiber-reinforced composites, which is frequently called a “wafer” when used to make electronic components; b) Semiconductors such as silicon, germanium or gallium arsenide; c) Conductors such as copper, brass, steel, gold or aluminum; and d) Insulators such as thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers.
[0015] The photoresist is a positive photoresist.
[0016] In some embodiments, the photoresist comprises acrylate ester polymers. In some embodiments, the acrylate ester polymer contains polymers of alkyl acrylates, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl or t-butyl esters of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid. In some embodiments, the acrylate ester polymer contains polymers of cycloalkyl acrylates, such as cyclohexyl esters of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid. In some embodiments, the acrylate ester polymer contains polymers of aryl acrylates, such as phenyl esters of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid. Examples include poly (methyl methacrylate) and poly (t-butyl acrylate) . In some embodiments, the photoresist further comprises materials that enhance the cleavage of the ester when exposed to light.
[0017] In some embodiments, the photoresist contains a phenolic resin and a photoactive compound.
[0018] In some embodiments, the phenolic resin in a positive photoresist is a novolac resin. In some embodiments the novolac resin is a phenol novolac resin. In some embodiments the novolac resin is a cresol novolac resin.
[0019] In some embodiments, the photoactive compound in a positive photoresist is an azide compound. In some embodiments, the photoactive compound is a diazo compound. In some embodiments, the photoactive compound is a diazoquinone compound. Examples of suitable diazoquinone compounds include diazoquinone ester and diazoquinone sulfonate.
[0020] In some embodiments, the photoresist mask contains at least 10 weight percent photoactive compound, or at least 15 weight percent or at least 20 weight percent or at least 25 weight percent. In some embodiments, the photoresist mask contains at most 60 weight percent photoactive compound, or at most 50 weight percent or at most 45 weight percent or at most 40 weight percent. In some embodiments, the photoresist mask contains at most 90 weight percent phenolic resin, or at most 85 weight percent or at most 80 weight percent or at most 75 weight percent. In some embodiments, the photoresist mask contains at least 40 weight percent phenolic resin, or at least 50 weight percent or at least 55 weight percent or at least 60 weight percent.
[0021] Suitable positive photoresists are commercially available such as from Merck / EMD Electronics, 3M and Microchemicals.
[0022] In some embodiments, the photoresist mask contains additives, such as antioxidants, adhesion promoters and surfactants.
[0023] The photoresist mask is soft-baked, so it contains little if any solvent.
[0024] In some embodiments, the photoresist mask has low solubility in acidic media.
[0025] In some embodiments, the photoresist mask has good solubility in basic media.
[0026] In many embodiments, the photoresist mask has been through the steps of: (e) dissolving unwanted portions of the photoresist by contact with developer; and (f) etching exposed areas of the substrate. These steps may modify the surface of the photoresist mask or may leave traces of the developer or the etchant on the photoresist mask.
[0027] The photoresist mask is contacted with a stripping solvent.
[0028] The stripping solvent contains more than 70 weight percent water. In some embodiments, the stripping solvent contains at least 71 weight percent water or at least 72 weight percent or at least 73 weight percent or at least 74 weight percent or at least 75 weight percent or at least 76 weight percent or at least 77 weight percent or at least 78 weight percent or at least 79 weight percent or at least 80 weight percent. The stripping solvent contains at most 85 weight percent water or at most 84 weight percent or at most 83 weight percent or at most 82 weight percent or at most 81 weight percent or at most 80 weight percent. In some embodiments, the water is deionized water, before it is mixed with the alkanolarnine and the glycol ether.
[0029] The stripping solvent contains alkanolamine that is soluble in water up to at least 5 weight percent at 25℃ and atmospheric pressure. In some embodiments, the alkanolamine is soluble in water up to at least 6 weight percent at 25℃ and atmospheric pressure, or at least 7 weight percent or at least 8 weight percent or at least 10 weight percent or at least 12 weight percent weight percent or at least 14 weight percent weight percent or at least 16 weight percent weight percent or at least 18 weight percent weight percent or at least 20 weight percent weight percent. In some embodiments, the alkanolamine is miscible with water at 25℃ and atmospheric pressure.
[0030] Some alkanolamines used in this invention are represented by Formula 1 (1) (HO-R1-) a-N-R2b wherein: ● each R1 is independently a divalent alkyl moiety in an alkanol group bonded to the amine nitrogen; ● each R2 is independently an alkyl or substituted alkyl group bonded to the amine nitrogen; ● “a” is a number of alkanol groups from 1 to 3; ● “b” is a number of alkyl or substituted alkyl groups from 0 to 2; and ● R1, R2, a and b are selected such that the alkanolamine is soluble in water up to at least 5 weight percent at 25℃ and atmospheric pressure.
[0031] In some embodiments, an amine moiety in the alkanolamine is a primary amine moiety. In some embodiments, an amine moiety in the alkanolamine is a secondary or tertiary amine moiety. In some embodiments, an amine moiety in the alkanolamine is a secondary amine moiety. In some embodiments, an amine moiety in the alkanolamine is a tertiary amine moiety.
[0032] In some embodiments, the alkanolamine is a monoalkanolamine. In some embodiments, the alkanolamine is a dialkanolamine, which has two alkanol moieties bonded to the amine nitrogen. In some embodiments, the alkanolamine is a trialkanolamine, which has three alkanol moieties bonded to the amine nitrogen.
[0033] Active hydrogen atoms are hydrogen atoms bonded to a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom in the alkanolamine. In some embodiments, the alkanolamine contains on average more than 1 active hydrogen atom or at least 2 active hydrogen atoms or at least 3 active hydrogen atoms. In some embodiments, the alkanolamine contains on average no more than 4 active hydrogen atoms or no more than 3 active hydrogen atoms.
[0034] In some embodiments, alkyl moieties (R1) in the alkanol groups are selected from divalent ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl moieties. In some embodiments, alkyl moieties in the alkanol groups are selected from divalent ethyl, propyl or butyl moieties. In some embodiments, alkyl moieties in the alkanol groups are selected from divalent ethyl or propyl moieties.
[0035] In some embodiments, the hydroxyl moiety in each alkanol group is bonded to a primary carbon atom. In some embodiments, the hydroxyl moiety in each alkanol group is bonded to a secondary carbon atom. In some embodiments, the hydroxyl moiety in each alkanol group is bonded to a tertiary carbon atom.
[0036] Examples of suitable alkanol groups include 2-hydroxyethyl groups, 2-hydroxy propyl groups, 3-hydroxypropyl groups, 1-methyl-2-hydroxyethyl groups and 4-hydroxybutyl groups.
[0037] In some embodiments, the amine nitrogen is bonded to both an alkyl group (R2) and an alkanol group. In some embodiments, the amine nitrogen is bonded to one alkyl group and two alkanol groups. In some embodiments, the amine nitrogen is bonded to two alkyl groups and an alkanol group. In some embodiments, alkyl groups bonded to the amine nitrogen are selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl moieties. In some embodiments, alkyl groups bonded to the amine nitrogen are selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl moieties. In some embodiments, alkyl groups bonded to the amine nitrogen are selected from methyl or ethyl moieties. In some embodiments, alkyl groups bonded to the amine nitrogen are methyl moieties. In some embodiments, alkyl groups bonded to the amine nitrogen are ethyl moieties. In some embodiments, the alkyl groups bonded to the amine nitrogen may have an amine substituent.
[0038] In some embodiments, alkyl groups bonded to the amine nitrogen form a ring structure, such as piperidine ring or a diazinane ring, such a piperazine ring. In some embodiments, only one nitrogen atom in a diazinane ring is bonded to an alkanol group, such as 2-hydroxyethylpiperazine (HEP) . In some embodiments, both nitrogen atoms in a diazinane ring are bonded to an alkanol group, such as 1, 4-di- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine (DiHEP) .
[0039] In some embodiments, the alkanolamine has an average molecular weight of at least 75 Da or at least 90 Da or at least 100 Da or at least 120 Da. In some embodiments, the alkanolamine has an average molecular weight of at most 205 Da or at most 175 Da or at most 160 Da.
[0040] In some embodiments, the alkanolamine is a solid at 25℃ and atmospheric pressure. In some embodiments, the alkanolamine is a liquid at 25℃ and atmospheric pressure. In some embodiments, the alkanolamine has a kinematic viscosity at 25℃ of at least 75 mPa. s or at least 125 mPa. s or at least 175 mPa. s, by testing method: ASTM D445.
[0041] In some embodiments, the stripping solvent contains a single alkanolamine. In some embodiments, the stripping solvent contains a mixture of two or more alkanolamines.
[0042] Examples of suitable alkanolamines include 2-hydroxyethylpiperazine, 1, 4-di- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine, 3-methylamino-1, 2-dihydroxypropane, N-methyl diethanolamine, N-methyl diisopropanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, N-methylpropanolamine, N-methyl butanolamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine. isopropanolamine, di-isopropanolamine, triethanolamine, aminoethyl-ethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methylpropanol, N, N-dimethyl ethanolamine, N, N-dimethyl propanolamine, N, N-dimethyl butanolamine, N-methyl diethanolamine, N-methyl dipropanolamine, N-methyl dibutanolamine, N-ethyl ethanolamine, N-ethyl propanolamine, N-ethyl butanolamine, N, N-diethyl ethanolamine, N, N-diethyl propanolamine, N, N-diethyl butanolamine, N-ethyl diethanolamine, N-ethyl dipropanolamine, N-ethyl dibutanolamine, and mixtures thereof. Suitable alkanolamines are commercially available under the DOWTM trademark.
[0043] In some embodiments, the alkanolamine comprises at least 50 weight percent alkanolamines selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxyethylpiperazine, 1, 4-di- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine, 3-methylamino-1, 2-dihydroxypropane, dimethylethanolamine or N-alkyl diisopropanolamine, or at least 60 weight percent or at least 70 weight percent or at least 80 weight percent or at least 90 weight percent or at least 100 weight percent. In some embodiments, the alkanolamine comprises at least 50 weight percent alkanolamines selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxyethylpiperazine, 1, 4-di- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine or 3-methylamino-1, 2-dihydroxypropane, or at least 60 weight percent or at least 70 weight percent or at least 80 weight percent or at least 90 weight percent or at least 100 weight percent. In some embodiments, the alkanolamine comprises at least 50 weight percent alkanolamines selected from the group consisting 1, 4-di- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine, 3-methylamino-1, 2-dihydroxypropane, dimethylethanolamine or N-alkyl diisopropanolamine, or at least 60 weight percent or at least 70 weight percent or at least 80 weight percent or at least 90 weight percent or at least 100 weight percent. In some embodiments, the alkanolamine comprises at least 50 weight percent of any one alkanolamine selected from 2-hydroxyethylpiperazine, 1, 4-di- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine, 3-methylamino-1, 2-dihydroxypropane, dimethylethanolamine or N-alkyl diisopropanolamine, or at least 60 weight percent or at least 70 weight percent or at least 80 weight percent or at least 90 weight percent or at least 100 weight percent. In some embodiments, the N-alkyl diisopropanolamine is N-methyl diisopropanolamine.
[0044] Stripping solutions of this invention contain from 5 to 19 weight percent alkanolamine. In some embodiments, the stripping solution contains at least 6 weight percent alkanolamine or at least 7 weight percent or at least 8 weight percent. In some embodiments, the stripping solution contains at most 18 weight percent alkanolamine or at most 16 weight percent or at most 14 weight percent or at most 12 weight percent or at most 10 weight percent or less than 10 weight percent or at most 9 weight percent or at most 8 weight percent.
[0045] The stripping solvent contains glycol ether. Glycol ethers are commonly used solvents in photolithography. Generally, the glycol ether is miscible with water and is liquid at 25℃ and atmospheric pressure.
[0046] In some embodiments, the glycol ether complies with Formula 2 (2) R3-O- (R4-O-) c-R5 wherein ● R3 and R5 are each independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl moieties, selected such that on average at least one of R3 and R5 is a hydrocarbyl moiety. ● each R4 is independently a bivalent hydrocarbyl moiety containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and (R4-O-) forms a single or repeating alkylene oxide moiety. ● “c” is a number of repeating units that is on average from 1 to 6. ● R3, R4, R5 and c are selected such that the glycol ether is miscible with water and is liquid at 25℃ and atmospheric pressure.
[0047] In some embodiments, only one of R3 and R5 contain hydrocarbyl moieties, and in some embodiments both R3 and R5 contain hydrocarbyl moieties. Hydrocarbyl moieties in R3 and R5 necessarily contain at least 1 carbon atom. In some embodiments, hydrocarbyl moieties in R3 and R5 each independently contain on average at least 1.2 carbon atoms or at least 2.4 carbon atoms or at least 1.6 carbon atoms or at least 1.8 carbon atoms or at least 2 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, hydrocarbyl moieties in R3 and R5 each independently contain on average at most 10 carbon atoms or at most 8 carbon atoms or at most 6 carbon atoms or at most 4 carbon atoms or at most 3 carbon atoms or at most 2 carbon atoms.
[0048] Collectively, R3 and R5 necessarily contain at least 1 carbon atom. In some embodiments, R3 and R5 collectively contain on average at least 2 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, R3 and R5 collectively contain on average at most 10 carbon atoms or at most 8 carbon atoms or at most 6 carbon atoms or at most 4 carbon atoms or at most 3 carbon atoms or at most 2 carbon atoms.
[0049] In some embodiments, R3 and R5 are alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl groups, which may be linear or branched. In some embodiments, R3 and R5 are aryl groups, such as phenyl, tolyl or cumenyl groups. In some embodiments, R3 and R5 are alkaryl groups, such as benzyl or 2-phenylethyl groups.
[0050] Each R4 contains at least 2 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, each R4 contains on average at most 6 carbon atoms or at most 4 carbon atoms or at most 3 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the alkylene oxide moieties formed by (R4-O-) are selected from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide moieties. In some embodiments, the alkylene oxide moieties formed by (R4-O-) are ethylene oxide moieties. In some embodiments, the alkylene oxide moieties formed by (R4-O-) are propylene oxide moieties. In some embodiments, the alkylene oxide moieties formed by (R4-O-) are a mixture of ethylene oxide moieties and propylene oxide moieties.
[0051] Each “c” is at least 1. In some embodiments, “c” is on average at most 6 or at most 4 or at most 3 or at most 2.
[0052] Examples of suitable glycol ethers include ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol isopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol propyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, dipropylene glycol propyl ether, triethylene glycol methyl ether, triethylene glycol ethyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol ethyl ether, tripropylene glycol butyl ether, butylene glycol methyl ether, butylene glycol ethyl ether, butylene glycol propyl ether, dibutylene glycol methyl ether, dibutylene glycol ethyl ether, dibutylene glycol propyl ether and mixtures thereof. Suitable glycol ethers are commercially available under the DOWTM trademark.
[0053] The stripping solvent contains from 10 to 24 weight percent glycol ether. In some embodiments, the stripping solvent contains at least 11 weight percent glycol ether or at least 12 weight percent glycol ether. In some embodiments, the stripping solvent contains at most 22 weight percent glycol ether or at most 20 weight percent or at most 18 weight percent or at most 16 weight percent or at most 14 weight percent or at most 12 weight percent.
[0054] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of alkanolamine to glycol ether (based on the weight of glycol ether) is at least 30 percent or at least 40 percent or at least 50 percent or at least 55 percent or at least 60 percent or at least 65 percent. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of alkanolamine to glycol ether (based on the weight of glycol ether) is at most 100 percent or at most 90 percent or at most 80 percent or at most 75 percent or at least 70 percent.
[0055] In some embodiments, the stripping solvent contains less than 20 weight percent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or less than 15 weight percent or less than 10 weight percent or less than 5 weight percent or less than 2 weight percent or less than 1 weight percent. In some embodiments, the stripping solvent contains no measurable quantity of DMSO (0 weight percent) .
[0056] In some embodiments, the stripping solvent contains less than 20 weight percent amide solvents or less than 15 weight percent or less than 10 weight percent or less than 5 weight percent or less than 2 weight percent or less than 1 weight percent. In some embodiments, the stripping solvent contains no measurable quantity of amide solvents (0 weight percent) .
[0057] In some embodiments, the stripping solvent contains less than 20 weight percent of other organic solvents, aside from the alkanolamine and the glycol ether, or less than 15 weight percent or less than 10 weight percent or less than 5 weight percent or less than 2 weight percent or less than 1 weight percent. In some embodiments, the stripping solvent contains no measurable quantity of other organic solvents, aside from the alkanolamine and the glycol ether (0 weight percent) .
[0058] In some embodiments, the stripping solvent contains less than 2.0 weight percent of inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide, or less than 1.5 weight percent or less than 1.0 weight percent or less than 0.5 weight percent. In some embodiments, the stripping solvent contains no measurable quantity of inorganic base (0 weight percent) .
[0059] In some embodiments, the stripping solvent has a pH of at least 9.0 or at least 10.0 or at least 10.5 or at least 10.8 or at least 11.0. In some embodiments, the stripping solvent has a pH of at most 15.0 or at most 14.5 or at most 14.2 or at most 14.0 or at most 13.5 or at most 13.0.
[0060] In some embodiments, the stripping solvent may contain additives such corrosion inhibitors. Examples of suitable corrosion inhibitors are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,417,877. Corrosion inhibitors may be, for example, an organic acid, an organic acid salt, a phenol or a triazole. Examples of particular corrosion inhibitors include anthranilic acid, gallic acid, benzoic acid, isophthalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, D, L-malic acid, malonic acid, phthalic acid, ascorbic acid, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, benzotriazole (BZT) , resorcinol, carboxybenzotriazole, and the like.
[0061] Further examples of corrosion inhibitors include catechol, t-butyl catechol, pyrogallol, and esters of gallic acid. Yet other examples of suitable corrosion inhibitors include fructose, ammonium thiosulfate, glycine, lactic acid, tetramethylguanidine, iminodiacetic acid, and dimethylacetoacetamide. In certain embodiments, the corrosion inhibitor may include a weak acid such as trihydroxybenzene, dihydroxybenzene, and / or salicylhydroxamic acid.
[0062] Some corrosion inhibitors are passivation corrosion inhibitors, and some corrosion inhibitors are antioxidant corrosion inhibitors. Passivation corrosion inhibitors protect the metal features by complexing with metals to form a passive layer on top of the metal which is insoluble in aqueous and organic solutions. Examples of passivation corrosion inhibitors include a triazole, anthranilic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, D, L-malic acid, malonic acid, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, benzotriazole (BZT) , carboxybenzotriazole, fructose, ammonium thiosulfate, glycine, tetramethylguanidine, iminodiacetic acid, salicylhydroxamic acid, and dimethylacetoacetamide. Antioxidant corrosion inhibitors protect metal features by removing dissolved oxygen from the stripping and cleaning solution to prevent oxidation. Examples of antioxidant corrosion inhibitors include catechol, t-butyl catechol, resorcinol, pyrogallol, gallic acid, esters of gallic acid, ascorbic acid.
[0063] In some embodiments, the stripping solvent contains at least 0.1 weight percent corrosion inhibitor or at least 0.5 weight percent. In some embodiments, the stripping solvent contains at most 15 weight percent corrosion inhibitor or at most 10 weight percent or at most 7 weight percent or at most 5 weight percent.
[0064] The substrate is contacted with the stripping solvent in a quantity and for a time to fully remove the photoresist mask. Contact can be performed by known means such as spraying, dipping or immersing. In some embodiments of dipping or immersion, the solvent or the substrate is agitated. In some embodiments of dipping or immersion, the solvent carries ultrasonic waves to speed stripping. In some embodiments of dipping or immersion, solvent flows through the tank. Equipment for contacting the substrate with the stripping solvent is known and commercially available with instructions for its use. Contact commonly takes place in an enclosed space, to reduce exposure of people and the environment to the stripping solvent.
[0065] In some embodiments, the stripping solvent is at a temperature more than 0℃ when it is contacted with the substrate or at least 10℃ or at least 15℃ or at least 20℃ or at least 25℃ or at least 30℃ or at least 35℃ or at least 40℃. In some embodiments, the stripping solvent is at a temperature of at most 80℃ when it is contacted with the substrate or at most 70℃ or most 60℃ or at most 50℃or at most 40℃ or at most 30℃. Pressure is not critical as long as the stripping solvent remains liquid and stable. In some embodiments, the pressure is atmospheric pressure.
[0066] The time that the substrate is contacted with stripping solution should be long enough to fully remove the photoresist, but not so long that desired components of the substrate are damaged, such as by corrosion of conductors. In many embodiments, it is desired to minimize the stripping time, in order to maximize processing speed. In some embodiments, contact is maintained for at least 20 seconds or at least 25 seconds or at least 30 seconds or at least 35 seconds or at least 40 seconds or at least 50 seconds or at least 60 seconds. In some embodiments, contact is maintained for at most 180 seconds or at most 150 seconds or at most 120 seconds or at most 90 seconds or at most 80 seconds or at most 70 seconds or at most 60 seconds or at most 50 seconds or at most 40 seconds or at most 35 seconds.
[0067] In some embodiments, the substrate is washed with water after stripping, in order to remove residual stripping solution. In some embodiments, the substrate by known processes after the stripping step or after washing, such as flowing a dry gas such as air or nitrogen over the substrate, with or without heating. In some embodiments, drying is performed at elevated temperature such as at least 80℃ or at least 90℃ or at least 100℃.
[0068] The following examples illustrate some embodiments of the invention. EXAMPLES
[0069] The examples use the materials in Table 1: Table 1
[0070] The materials from Table 1 are blended in the proportions in Table 2 to make homogeneous stripping solvent compositions shown in Table 2. Solvent compositions IE1 to IE8 are examples of the invention. Solvent compositions CE1 to CE4 are comparative examples.
[0071] Sample substrates with photoresist are prepared as follows: 2 mL of SFP-1400 photoresist solution (from Merck) is dropped onto the surface of glass substrate with the size of 100 mm × 100 mm × 1 mm. The substrate is spun at the rotation speed of 500 rpm for 10 s to spin-coat the photoresist solution. Then rotation speed was accelerated to 1000 rpm and maintained for 30 s to achieve 1 μm thickness of photoresist film. The spin-coated substrate is heated at 130℃ for 10 min to evaporate solvent completely and soft bake the photoresist film.
[0072] The photoresist is not exposed to light that would trigger the photoactive material. Because it is a positive photoresist, the entire surface is resistant to a developer solvent if a developer solvent is applied. For the purposes of demonstrating the stripping solution, a developer solvent need not be applied and is not applied.
[0073] The effectiveness of each solvent composition to remove photoresist from the sample substrates is tested as follows: A 30 g sample of a solvent composition is added to a container with edge length over 100 mm. A sample substrate is put into the container at 22℃, and the container is shaken. The time to completely remove the photoresist from the substrate is recorded in Table 2. Table 2 All quantities in Table 2 are weight percentages.
Claims
1.A process to remove positive photoresist mask material from a substrate comprising the step of contacting the photoresist mask material with a stripping solvent that comprises:a) more than 70 weight percent water;b) from 5 to 19 weight percent alkanolamine that is soluble in water up to at least 5 weight percent at 25℃ and atmospheric pressure; andc) from 10 to 24 weight percent glycol ether,for a time and under conditions sufficient to remove the cured positive photoresist material from the substrate, wherein weight percentages are based on the combined weight of water, alkanolamine and glycol ether.2.The process of Claim 1 wherein the stripping solution contains from 75 to 85 weight percent water.3.The process of Claim 2 wherein the stripping solution contains:a) from 6 to 12 weight percent alkanolamine; andb) from 10 to 20 weight percent glycol ether.4.The process of Claim 3 wherein the stripping solution contains less than 10 weight percent alkanolamine.5.The process of Claim 2 wherein the glycol ether meets Formula (2) : (2) R3-O- (R4-O-) c-R5whereina) R3 and R5 are each independently hydrogen or hydrocarbyl moieties that contain on average from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, selected such that on average at least one of R3 and R5 is a hydrocarbyl moiety;b) each R4 is independently a bivalent hydrocarbyl moiety containing on average from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and (R4-O-) forms a single or repeating alkylene oxide moiety;c) “c” is a number of repeating units that is on average from 1 to 6; andd) R3, R4, R5 and c are selected such that the glycol ether is miscible with water and is liquid at 25℃ and atmospheric pressure..6.The process of Claim 2 wherein the glycol ether is selected from ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol isopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol propyl ether, , diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, dipropylene glycol propyl ether, triethylene glycol methyl ether, triethylene glycol ethyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol ethyl ether, tripropylene glycol butyl ether, butylene glycol methyl ether, butylene glycol ethyl ether, butylene glycol propyl ether, dibutylene glycol methyl ether, dibutylene glycol ethyl ether, dibutylene glycol propyl ether and mixtures thereof.7.The process of Claim 6 wherein the weight ratio of alkanolamine to glycol ether, based on the weight of glycol ether, is from 55 to 75 percent.8.The process of Claim 2 wherein the stripping solution contains no more than 10 weight percent solvents other than water, alkanolamine and glycol ether.9.The process of Claim 2 wherein the stripping solution contains less than 2.0 weight percent inorganic base.10.The process of Claim 2 wherein the photoresist comprises either (a) acrylate ester polymers or (b) a novolac resin and a photoactive compound.11.The process of any one of Claims 1 through 10 wherein the alkanolamine comprises a secondary or tertiary amine moiety and is soluble in water, at 25℃ and atmospheric pressure, up to at least 8 weight percent.12.The process of Claim 11 wherein, at 25℃ and atmospheric pressure, the alkanolamine is either solid or a liquid with a kinematic viscosity of at least 75 mPa. s.13.The process of Claim 11 wherein the alkanolamine comprises from 2 to 4 active hydrogen atoms, which are bonded to a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.14.The process of Claim 11 wherein the alkanolamine has a molecular weight of at least 100 Da.15.The process of Claim 11 wherein the alkanolamine comprises at least 50 weight percent alkanolamines selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxyethylpiperazine, 1, 4-di- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine, 3-methylamino-1, 2-dihydroxypropane or N-alkyl diisopropanolamine.