Freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal label

Abstract

A freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal label, prepared from a freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material. The photonic crystal material comprises a liquid photonic crystal assembly having a regularly arranged structure and a continuous phase material. The liquid photonic crystal assembly having a regularly arranged structure is composed of regularly arranged monodisperse micro / nano colloidal particles and solvent molecules. The continuous phase material and the solvent molecules jointly fill gaps of the monodisperse micro / nano colloidal particles. During a freeze-thaw cycle, the continuous phase material undergoes physical crosslinking or undergoes physical crosslinking with the monodisperse micro / nano colloidal particles to irreversibly change the regularly arranged structure. The photonic crystal label has irreversible temperature responsiveness, and by means of the change of the structural color, whether a freeze-thaw phenomenon occurs and the freeze-thaw degree in the environment where the photonic crystal material is located can be determined.

Description

A freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal tag Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of information recording materials technology, and in particular to a freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal tag. Background Technology

[0002] Temperature monitoring is a crucial means of quality assurance for vaccines and other items transported and stored via cold chain. Current technology uses chemical color time-temperature labels to monitor the color change of an indicator based on heat accumulation, which suffers from slow color change and fading over long-term use.

[0003] Colloidal photonic crystals are formed by the self-assembly of colloidal particles and possess ordered microstructures. They exhibit bright and stable structural colors through Bragg diffraction of visible light. The ordered structure of photonic crystals changes based on temperature response, allowing them to indicate changes in ambient temperature. Furthermore, their colors are easily identifiable and never fade, making them promising candidates for temperature indicator tags. Existing research indicates that filling the gaps between the ordered structures of colloidal particles with thermosensitive polymers can change the arrangement period of the ordered structure based on temperature response, enabling the monitoring of specific temperatures. However, at temperatures below 8°C, the highly entangled polymer chains in thermosensitive polymer colloidal photonic crystals cannot freely change the gaps between colloidal particles, resulting in a lack of responsive structural color change and thus failing to meet the cold chain requirements of vaccines and other applications. In contrast, liquid photonic crystals formed by filling the gaps between colloidal particles with small-molecule solvents exhibit more vigorous thermal motion under environmental stimuli, enabling a more sensitive response to temperature changes at low temperatures. However, existing liquid photonic crystals present two challenges: first, the arrangement of colloidal particles will recover its original ordered structure as the stimulus source is removed, meaning that the change in structural color is reversible; second, the rate of change of the ordered structure of liquid photonic crystals after being stimulated by the environment is difficult to control. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal tag with adjustable trigger temperature and color-changing time, and its structural color exhibits irreversible responsiveness to freeze-thaw behavior. The photonic crystal tag provided by this invention is simple to prepare, provides accurate and reliable detection results that are easily identifiable, and offers adjustable monitoring temperature and color-changing time over a wide range.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] On one hand, the present invention provides a freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material, the photonic crystal material comprising a liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regularly arranged structure and a continuous phase material; the liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regularly arranged structure is composed of regularly arranged monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles and solvent molecules; the continuous phase material and solvent molecules jointly fill the gaps between the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles; the continuous phase material undergoes physical cross-linking during freeze-thaw cycles or undergoes physical cross-linking with the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles during freeze-thaw cycles, irreversibly altering the regularly arranged structure.

[0007] In the technical solution of the present invention, the freeze-thaw responsiveness refers to the fact that the liquid photonic crystal assembly composed of regularly arranged monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles and solvent molecules has a structural color. When the ambient temperature is lower than the critical temperature of the photonic crystal tag, the structural color changes due to the interaction between the continuous phase material or the liquid photonic crystal assembly.

[0008] In the technical solution of this invention, the liquid photonic crystal assembly composed of monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles and solvent molecules possesses structural color due to its regular arrangement. Simultaneously, a continuous phase material fills the gaps between the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles. When the ambient temperature is below its crosslinking critical temperature, the continuous phase material undergoes physical crosslinking, or physically crosslinks with the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles, affecting the arrangement of the colloidal particles. In some specific embodiments, this manifests as a reduction in the gaps between the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles. During this process, the colloidal particles gradually accumulate densely within the continuous phase material, and the regular arrangement structure is irreversibly altered. Its structural color gradually shifts towards shorter wavelengths over a certain period, and this color change is irreversible; that is, the structural color does not recover with the temperature returning to normal.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the volume ratio of the liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regular arrangement structure to the continuous phase material is 0.0001:1 to 10000:1; in the technical solution of the present invention, the larger the volume ratio of the liquid photonic crystal assembly to the continuous phase material, the longer the time for the photonic crystal structure color to change.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the response temperature for physical cross-linking under freeze-thaw cycles is -80℃ to 50℃; for example, -70℃, -20℃, 0℃, 2℃, 4℃, 8℃, 15℃, 25℃, 35℃, 45℃, 50℃, etc.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the particle size of the micron / nano colloidal particles is 10nm to 5000nm, more preferably 50nm to 3000nm;

[0012] Preferably, the regularly arranged micron / nano colloidal particles have a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure;

[0013] Preferably, the gap between the micron / nano colloidal particles is 0.1 nm to 5000 nm.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the micro / nano colloidal particles are selected from at least one of polymers, inorganic compounds and metals, or composite colloidal particles formed from any of these.

[0015] Preferably, the polymer is selected from at least one of polystyrene, polylactic acid, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), polymethyl methacrylate, polyisobutyl methacrylate, allyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, rhodamine B methacrylamide, polydopamine, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene-b-vinylpyridine, cellulose, phytic acid, and polymethacrylic acid.

[0016] Preferably, the inorganic compound is selected from at least one of silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, barium titanate, borate, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, silver chloride, cadmium telluride, barium sulfate, iron oxide, iron(II,III) oxide, and ferric oxide.

[0017] Preferably, the metal is selected from at least one of gold, silver, copper, nickel, platinum and chromium.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the solvent molecules have a boiling point ≤100°C and are specifically selected from at least one of the following: dimethyl ether, isopropyl acetate, water, methyl formate, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, methyl propionate, isobutyl formate, chlorobutane, propyl ether, ethyl propionate, dichloroethane, chloroisopentane, methanol, methyl carbonate, trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, acetone, dichloroethylene, carbon disulfide, propanol, 3-pentanone, dichloropropane, benzene, isopropanol, butanone, bromoethane, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, 2-pentanone, and dimethyl carbonate.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regular arrangement structure is selected from at least one of solvent evaporation, centrifugal sedimentation, gravity deposition, vertical deposition, dip coating, and spin coating.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the method for preparing the liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regularly arranged structure includes the following steps:

[0021] Heating a mixture of monodisperse micro / nano colloidal particles and a solvent causes partial evaporation of the solvent, resulting in supersaturated precipitation of the micro / nano colloidal particles.

[0022] In the technical solution of the present invention, when the mixture of the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles and the solvent is heated, the micron / nano colloidal particles form a supersaturated state, precipitate from the solution system and self-assemble to form a regularly arranged ordered structure, which together with the solvent filling the spaces between the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles forms an ordered structure to constitute a liquid photonic crystal assembly, thereby having structural color.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the continuous phase material is selected from any one or more polymer compounds;

[0024] Preferably, the polymer compound is selected from agar, pectin, xanthan gum, glucomannan, gum arabic, guar gum, alginate, albumin, soy protein, starch, silk, casein, polyisopropylacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, poly-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, polyethoxyethyl methacrylate, polyhydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyhydroxymethyl cellulose, polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyisoborneol methacrylate, polycellulose acetate butyrate, polysiloxane methacrylate, and polyfluorosilicone methacrylate. The following are included in the list of poly(perfluoroether), poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone), polyglycidyl methacrylate, silicone, polydimethylsiloxane, poly(p-xylene), polylactic acid, polypropylene oxide, polycaprolactone-polyacrylic acid, polylactide, poly(lactide-glycolic acid), polyacrylamide, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), collagen, gelatin, gum guar gum, polyphosphazene, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, cellulose, polydextrose, polyacrylic acid, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, polyvinyl phosphate, choline, polyoxyethylene, polyethyleneimine, polyethyleneamine, polyvinylpyridine, polyphosphate, polysilicate, polyamino acid, and fibroin or their modified forms.

[0025] On another front, the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned photonic crystal material in the preparation of smart wearable devices, vaccine temperature monitoring, ex vivo organ transfer, food cold chain transportation, and drug storage freeze-thaw process monitoring.

[0026] In some specific embodiments, the photonic crystal material with irreversible temperature responsiveness is encapsulated in a substrate to form a specific pattern with structural color. When the ambient temperature changes, the specific pattern changes and can be recognized by smart devices. The substrate material used for encapsulation can be selected from any one of silicone rubber, plastic, glass, metal and alloy.

[0027] In another aspect, the present invention provides a freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal tag, which is prepared from the above-mentioned photonic crystal material.

[0028] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0029] The freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided by this invention exhibits irreversible temperature responsiveness. When the ambient temperature is below the critical temperature, the continuous phase material undergoes physical cross-linking or physical cross-linking with monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles, gradually altering the ordered arrangement structure of the liquid photonic crystal assembly and irreversibly changing its structural color. This process requires no external instruments; the presence and extent of freeze-thaw phenomena in the environment in which the photonic crystal material is located can be determined solely by observing changes in the structural color. It features simple preparation, high monitoring accuracy, ease of operation, and low cost. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, the detailed descriptions of the embodiments provided below are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In this invention, unless otherwise specified, all equipment and raw materials are commercially available or commonly used in the industry. The methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods in the art, unless otherwise specified.

[0032] In the following examples, the polystyrene particles were prepared in the laboratory by soap-free emulsion polymerization.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] The preparation process of the freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0035] (1) Polystyrene colloidal particles with a particle size of 190 nm are dispersed in a glycerol-dimethyl sulfoxide mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 1:1 to form a supersaturated dispersion system and self-assemble into a regular arrangement structure. Glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide molecules fill the gaps between the styrene colloidal particles (the gaps are 10 nm), forming a liquid photonic crystal assembly and exhibiting structural color.

[0036] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with polyvinyl alcohol-water solution (continuous phase material, the mass fraction of polyethylene glycol is 10.0 wt%) at a volume ratio of 4:1 to obtain the liquid photonic crystal material.

[0037] The photonic crystal material prepared in this embodiment was frozen below -10°C and then fully thawed above -10°C. After this cycle was repeated three times, the structural color irreversibly blue-shifted by 60 nm. The response temperature of the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is -10°C: when the ambient temperature is below -10°C, the continuous phase material begins to crosslink and interacts with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to gradually form a new gel system. The gaps between the polystyrene colloidal particles in the new gel system decrease, resulting in a blue shift in the structural color. Furthermore, after the blue shift, the structural color of the photonic crystal material in this embodiment did not recover when the ambient temperature was restored to 25°C. Therefore, the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify changes in the degree of freeze-thaw cycles through irreversible regulation of the structural color.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] The preparation process of the freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0040] (1) Cadmium sulfide colloidal particles with a particle size of 210 nm were dispersed in a glycerol-water mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 10:1 to form a supersaturated dispersion system and self-assembled into a regular arrangement structure. After the water was completely evaporated, the glycerol filled the gaps (gap of 100 nm) of the polystyrene colloidal particles to form a liquid photonic crystal assembly and exhibited structural color.

[0041] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with an ethanol solution of polyethylene glycol methacrylate (continuous phase material, the mass ratio of polyethylene glycol methacrylate to ethanol is 65:35) at a volume ratio of 10:1 to obtain the photonic crystal material.

[0042] The photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment has a response temperature of -80°C: when the ambient temperature is below -80°C, the continuous phase material begins to crosslink and interact with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to form a new gel system. The gaps between the polystyrene colloidal particles in the new gel system gradually decrease, resulting in a blue shift in the structural color. When the ambient temperature is restored to above -80°C, the structural color does not recover. Therefore, the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify cryogenic freeze-thaw conditions through irreversible regulation of the structural color.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] The preparation process of the freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0045] (1) SiO2 particles with a particle size of 180 nm were dispersed in a water-dioxane mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 1:1 to form a solution with a SiO2 colloidal particle mass fraction of 60 wt%; the solvent was heated to evaporate, and the SiO2 particles were supersaturated and precipitated; as the water evaporated, the SiO2 colloidal particles gradually precipitated and self-assembled to form a regular arrangement structure. Dioxane and water filled the gaps between the SiO2 colloidal particles (the gaps were 1000 nm), forming a liquid photonic crystal assembly and showing structural color;

[0046] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with guar gum-water mixed solvent (continuous phase material, the mass ratio of guar gum to water is 68:32) at a volume ratio of 10000:1 to obtain the photonic crystal material.

[0047] The photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment has a response temperature of -4°C: when the ambient temperature is below -4°C, the continuous phase material begins to crosslink and interact with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to form a new gel system. The gaps between SiO2 particles in the new gel system gradually decrease, resulting in a blue shift in the structural color. When the ambient temperature is restored to above -4°C, the structural color does not recover. Therefore, the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify low-temperature freeze-thaw conditions through irreversible regulation of the structural color.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] The preparation process of the irreversible freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0050] (1) SiO2 particles with a particle size of 190 nm were dispersed in a mixed solvent of hydroxyethyl polyacrylate and isopropanol with a volume ratio of 1:100 to form a solution with a mass fraction of 5 wt% SiO2 colloidal particles; the solvent was heated to evaporate, and the SiO2 particles were supersaturated and precipitated; as the isopropanol evaporated, the SiO2 particles gradually precipitated and self-assembled to form a regular arrangement structure. After the isopropanol was completely evaporated, hydroxyethyl polyacrylate filled the gaps between the SiO2 colloidal particles (the gaps were 10 nm), forming a liquid photonic crystal assembly and showing structural color.

[0051] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with a polyhydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution (continuous phase material, mass fraction of 40 wt%) at a volume ratio of 10:1 to obtain the photonic crystal material.

[0052] The photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment has a response temperature of 0°C: when the ambient temperature is below 0°C, the continuous phase material begins to crosslink and interact with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to form a new gel system. The gaps between SiO2 particles in the new gel system gradually decrease, resulting in a blue shift in the structural color. When the ambient temperature is restored to above 0°C, the structural color does not recover. Therefore, the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify low-temperature freeze-thaw conditions through irreversible regulation of the structural color.

[0053] Example 5

[0054] The preparation process of the freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0055] (1) Cadmium sulfide particles with a particle size of 190 nm were dispersed in a mixed solvent of ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide with a volume ratio of 7:3 to form a solution with a mass fraction of 70% cadmium sulfide colloidal particles; the solvent was heated to evaporate, and the cadmium sulfide particles were supersaturated and precipitated; as the ethanol evaporated, the cadmium sulfide particles gradually precipitated and self-assembled to form a regular arrangement structure; after the ethanol evaporated completely, dimethyl sulfoxide filled the gaps between the cadmium sulfide colloidal particles (the gaps were 5000 nm), forming a liquid photonic crystal assembly and exhibiting structural color;

[0056] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with a chitosan-water mixed solvent (continuous phase material, with a chitosan mass fraction of 3wt%) at a volume ratio of 1000:1 to obtain the photonic crystal material.

[0057] The photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment has a response temperature of 4°C: when the ambient temperature is below 4°C, the continuous phase material begins to crosslink and interact with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to form a new gel system. The gaps between cadmium sulfide particles in the new gel system gradually decrease, resulting in a blue shift in the structural color. When the ambient temperature is restored to above 4°C, the structural color does not recover. Therefore, the liquid photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify low-temperature freeze-thaw conditions through irreversible regulation of structural color.

[0058] Example 6

[0059] The fabrication process of the irreversible temperature-responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0060] (1) Cadmium sulfide particles with a particle size of 10 nm were dispersed in a mixed solvent of ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide with a volume ratio of 4:10 to form a solution of cadmium sulfide colloidal particles with a mass fraction of 10 wt%; the solvent was heated to evaporate, and the cadmium sulfide colloidal particles were supersaturated and precipitated; as the ethanol evaporated, the cadmium sulfide colloidal particles gradually precipitated and self-assembled to form a regular arrangement structure; after the ethanol evaporated completely, dimethyl sulfoxide filled the gaps between the cadmium sulfide colloidal particles (the gaps were 0.1 nm), forming a liquid photonic crystal assembly and showing structural color;

[0061] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with albumin aqueous solution (continuous phase material) at a volume ratio of 8:2 to obtain the photonic crystal material.

[0062] The photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment has a response temperature of 8°C: when the ambient temperature is below 8°C, the continuous phase material gradually cross-links and fuses with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to form a new mixed system. The gaps between cadmium sulfide colloidal particles in the new gel system decrease, resulting in a blue shift in structural color. When the ambient temperature is restored to above 8°C, its structural color does not recover. Therefore, the liquid photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify the degree of freeze-thaw cycle through irreversible changes in structural color.

[0063] Example 7

[0064] The preparation process of the freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0065] (1) Polystyrene particles with a particle size of 5000 nm were dispersed in a water-dimethyl sulfoxide mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 10:3 to form a solution with a polystyrene colloidal particle mass fraction of 30 wt%; the solvent was heated to evaporate, and the polystyrene colloidal particles were supersaturated and precipitated; as the water evaporated, the polystyrene colloidal particles gradually precipitated and self-assembled to form a regular arrangement structure; after the water evaporated completely, dimethyl sulfoxide filled the gaps between the polystyrene colloidal particles (the gaps were 3000 nm), forming a liquid photonic crystal assembly and exhibiting structural color;

[0066] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with polyethylene glycol-water solution (continuous phase material, the mass fraction of polyethylene glycol is 64.5wt%) at a volume ratio of 7:3 to obtain the photonic crystal material.

[0067] The photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment has a response temperature of -5°C. When the ambient temperature is below -5°C, the continuous phase material begins to crosslink and interacts with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to gradually form a new gel system. The gaps between the polystyrene colloidal particles in the new mixed system decrease, resulting in a blue shift in the structural color. When the ambient temperature is restored to above -5°C, the structural color is not restored. Therefore, the liquid photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify the degree of freeze-thaw cycles through irreversible regulation of the structural color.

[0068] Example 8

[0069] The preparation process of the freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0070] (1) Polystyrene colloidal particles with a particle size of 280 nm were dispersed in a water-dimethyl sulfoxide mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 19:1 to form a solution with a polystyrene colloidal particle mass fraction of 50 wt%; the solvent was heated to evaporate, and the polystyrene colloidal particles were supersaturated and precipitated; as the water evaporated, the polystyrene colloidal particles gradually precipitated and self-assembled to form a regular arrangement structure; after the water evaporated completely, dimethyl sulfoxide filled the gaps between the polystyrene colloidal particles (the gaps were 60 nm), forming a liquid photonic crystal assembly and exhibiting structural color;

[0071] (2) The liquid photonic crystal assembly obtained in step (1) is mixed with a poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) solution (mass fraction: 60%, continuous phase material) at a volume ratio of 6:1 to obtain the photonic crystal material.

[0072] The response temperature of the photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment is 8°C. When the ambient temperature is below 8°C, the continuous phase material begins to crosslink and gradually fuses with the liquid photonic crystal assembly to form a new gel system. The gaps between the polystyrene colloidal particles in the new gel system decrease, resulting in a blue shift in the structural color. When the ambient temperature is restored to above 8°C, the structural color is not restored. Therefore, the liquid photonic crystal material provided in this embodiment can identify the degree of freeze-thaw in the environment through irreversible regulation of the structural color.

[0073] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal material, characterized in that, The photonic crystal material includes a liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regularly arranged structure and a continuous phase material; the liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regularly arranged structure is composed of regularly arranged monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles and solvent molecules; the continuous phase material and solvent molecules jointly fill the gaps between the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles; the continuous phase material undergoes physical cross-linking during freeze-thaw cycles or undergoes physical cross-linking with the monodisperse micron / nano colloidal particles during freeze-thaw cycles, irreversibly altering the regularly arranged structure.

2. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume ratio of the liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regular arrangement structure to the continuous phase material is 0.0001:1 to 10000:

1.

3. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The response temperature for physical cross-linking under freeze-thaw cycles is -80℃ to 50℃.

4. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the micron / nano colloidal particles is 10nm to 5000nm.

5. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the micron / nano colloidal particles is 50nm to 3000nm.

6. The photonic crystal material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The regularly arranged micron / nano colloidal particles have a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure.

7. The photonic crystal material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The gap between the micron / nano colloidal particles is 0.1 nm to 5000 nm.

8. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The micron / nano colloidal particles are selected from at least one of polymers, inorganic compounds and metals, or composite colloidal particles formed from any of these.

9. The photonic crystal material according to claim 8, characterized in that, The polymer is selected from at least one of polystyrene, polylactic acid, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyacrylamide, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), polymethyl methacrylate, polyisobutyl methacrylate, allyl methacrylate, polyethyl acrylate, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, rhodamine B methacrylamide, polydopamine, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene-b-vinylpyridine, cellulose, phytic acid, and polymethacrylic acid.

10. The photonic crystal material according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inorganic compound is selected from at least one of silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, barium titanate, borate, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, silver chloride, cadmium telluride, barium sulfate, iron oxide, iron(II,III) oxide, and ferric oxide.

11. The photonic crystal material according to claim 8, characterized in that, The metal is selected from at least one of gold, silver, copper, nickel, platinum and chromium.

12. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The boiling point of the solvent molecules is ≤100℃.

13. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regular arrangement structure is selected from at least one of solvent evaporation, centrifugal sedimentation, gravity deposition, vertical deposition, dip coating, and spin coating.

14. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the liquid photonic crystal assembly with a regularly arranged structure includes the following steps: Heating a mixture of monodisperse micro / nano colloidal particles and a solvent causes partial evaporation of the solvent, resulting in supersaturated precipitation of the micro / nano colloidal particles.

15. The photonic crystal material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The continuous phase material is selected from any one or more polymer compounds.

16. The photonic crystal material according to claim 15, characterized in that, The polymer compounds are selected from agar, pectin, xanthan gum, glucomannan, gum arabic, guar gum, alginate, albumin, soy protein, starch, silk, casein, polyisopropylacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, poly-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, polyethoxyethyl methacrylate, polyhydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyhydroxymethyl cellulose, polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyisoborneol methacrylate, polycellulose acetate butyrate, polysiloxane methacrylate, polyfluorosilicone methacrylate, and polymethyl methacrylate. Fluoroether, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone), polyglycidyl methacrylate, silicone, polydimethylsiloxane, poly(p-xylene), polylactic acid, polypropylene oxide, polycaprolactone-polyacrylic acid, polylactide, poly(lactide-glycolic acid), polyacrylamide, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), collagen, gelatin, guar gum, polyphosphazene, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, cellulose, polydextrose, polyacrylic acid, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, polyvinyl phosphate, choline, polyoxyethylene, polyethyleneimine, polyethyleneamine, polyvinylpyridine, polyphosphate, polysilicate, polyamino acid and fibroin or their modifications.

17. The application of the photonic crystal material according to any one of claims 1-16 in the preparation of smart wearable devices, vaccine temperature monitoring, ex vivo organ transfer, food cold chain transportation, and drug storage freeze-thaw process monitoring.

18. A freeze-thaw responsive photonic crystal tag, characterized in that, It is prepared from the photonic crystal material described in any one of claims 1-16.