Portable, attachable or embedable spindle for waterproofed location enablement and reporting of devices in a marine environment

Abstract

A modular, self-contained spindle for a float includes a spindle with a housing, the housing including a cavity, wherein the spindle is coupleable to the float. The spindle further includes a modular sensor port for coupling a sensor within the spindle and a communication hardware housed within the cavity, the communication hardware configured to communicate with one of land-based communication equipment, non-terrestrial communication equipment, or vessel-based communication equipment. The communication hardware is configured to communicate location data of the float associated with the spindle. The spindle further includes a power source coupled to the communication hardware and wherein the communication hardware is powered by the power source. The spindle further includes a charging port associated with the power source and configured to allow for recharging of the power source.

Description

TITLEWIRELESS ENABLED PORTABLE, ATTACHABLE OR EMBED ABLE SPINDLE FOR WATERPROOFED LOCATION ENABLEMENT AND REPORTING OF DEVICES IN A MARINE ENVIRONMENTRELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 728,914, filed December 6, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.FIELD

[0002] This disclosure relates to systems, apparatuses, and methods for tracking and management of buoys and other maritime objects. Specifically, this disclosure relates to systems, apparatuses, and methods for tracking and management of buoys, boats and ships that can be location reporting enabled with a portable, attachable spindle or embedded electronic systems which may be integrated with a web based reporting system for access by interested stakeholders.BACKGROUND

[0003] This disclosure relates to improvements for the tracking and management of buoys or other maritime floats. Low-cost, long-range intelligent maritime floats with modular sensing capabilities are revolutionizing atmospheric and oceanic research by providing scalable, affordable, and adaptable solutions for data collection. These floats are designed to enhance global monitoring efforts, offering high-resolution insights into remote and undermonitored regions. Built with durable, cost-effective materials like lightweight composites or high-density plastics, they are simplified for affordability while maintaining essential functionalities. Their low cost allows for mass deployment, creating dense networks capable of ongoing discrete device location and the capturing of spatial and temporal variations in ocean and atmospheric conditions.

[0004] Globally, set-gear fisheries — including trap-set pots used for crabs, lobsters, and shrimp — deploy an estimated 1 billion marker buoys annually. Most of these fisheries operate within a few miles of shore, making them well-suited for coverage by low-cost, long- range, low-power, wide-area networks or affordable periodic satellite connectivity. Because these fisheries are primarily nearshore, they attract the attention of diverse stakeholders, including fishermen, conservationists focused on preventing buoy entanglements with migrating marine mammals like whales, and government agencies tasked with ensuring the sustainability of designated fisheries.

[0005] A significant challenge to the sustainability of these fisheries is the loss of commercial fishing gear, often caused by the inability to locate their marker buoys. This issue highlights the importance of effective management strategies that leverage location tracking for buoys, boats, and ships. Such measures are of critical interest to ocean stakeholders, facilitating better oversight, reducing gear loss, and supporting both economic and environmental objectives.

[0006] Embodiments described herein involve a self-contained spindle that can be attached to or embedded in a weighted buoy, a ship, or any other equipment that allows for the tracking and management of fishing equipment. The buoy weighting should be deployed to maintain optimal wireless connectivity and periodic maintenance of the attached or embedded spindle above the water level for the deployed buoy.

[0007] Equipped with energy-efficient systems such as solar panels or high-capacity batteries, these floats can operate autonomously for months or even years. They can utilize long-range satellite communication to determine location coordinates and terrestrial low power, long range, wide area networks or cost-effective periodic satellite communication (e.g. Omnispace S-Band) to relay this location data to cloud services. Some models incorporate passive drifting mechanisms or underwater glider technology for mobility, enabling them to traverse vast distances. The modular design of these floats allows for interchangeable sensors, making them highly versatile. Common sensing modules include atmospheric sensors (measuring temperature, pressure, and humidity), oceanographic sensors (for temperature, salinity, pH, and turbidity), and biological sensors (such as fluorometers or acoustic devices to monitor marine life). Additional specialized modules can be added for tasks like detecting microplastics, measuring greenhouse gases, or monitoring above surface or underwater soundscapes.

[0008] These floats are also equipped with intelligent features to optimize data collection. Onboard Al processes data in real-time, detects anomalies, and dynamically adjusts communication payload and sampling frequencies based on environmental conditions. Self-calibration routines ensure sensor accuracy over extended deployments, while antibiofouling measures, such as specialized coatings or ultrasonic emitters, protect sensors from degradation. The robust design of these floats enables them to withstand harsh marine environments, including high waves, extreme temperatures, and severe storms.

[0009] The applications of these intelligent floats are extensive. They enhance atmospheric research by cost-effective data collection on weather conditions over remote ocean areas, improving models for storm tracking and climate forecasting. Oceanographic research benefits from data on ocean currents, nutrient distribution, and water quality, while long-term monitoring supports studies on climate change, such as ocean acidification and sea-level rise. These floats are also valuable for disaster monitoring, capable of detecting tsunamis, storm surges or the unique sounds attributable to sinking vessels and for tracking pollution events like oil spills. In marine biology, they aid in observing fish migration, biodiversity patterns, and the impact of human activities such as noise pollution. In national defense, they aid intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) in vast, remote areas, assisting in the discovery of illegal, underreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing activity predominantly conducted by foreign actors.

[0010] The scalability and modularity of these floats make them transformative tools for interdisciplinary research. Their low cost enables deployment at scale, filling critical data gaps in regions like the Arctic or Southern Ocean. Real-time data transmission supports timesensitive applications like disaster response or the rapid collection of deployed buoys in anticipation of rapidly developing adverse weather events, while their adaptability allows customization for specific scientific missions. Future innovations may include swarm intelligence for coordinated data collection, energy harvesting systems to extend operational lifetimes, and further miniaturization for deployment via drones or aircraft. However, challenges such as managing vast amounts of data, ensuring durability in extreme conditions, and retrieving floats for maintenance remain.

[0011] Despite these challenges, low-cost intelligent maritime floats are reshaping our ability to study and understand the oceans. They provide a practical, scalable, and versatile solution to global data collection needs, supporting initiatives like the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and the Argo program while opening new opportunities for smaller research organizations and developing nations. With continued advancements, these floats promise to play an essential role in addressing some of the world’s most pressing environmental and scientific challenges.

[0012] Other aspects and advantages of embodiments of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrated by way of example of the principles of the invention.SUMMARY

[0013] The subject matter of the present application has been developed in response to the present state of the art, and in particular, in response to the problems and disadvantages associated with conventional systems that have not yet been fully solved by currently available techniques. Accordingly, the subject matter of the present application has been developed to provide embodiments of systems, apparatuses, and methods for tracking and management of buoys and other maritime objects that overcome at least some of the shortcomings of prior art techniques.

[0014] Disclosed herein is a modular, self-contained spindle for a float. The modular, self-contained spindle for a float includes a spindle with a housing, the housing including a cavity, wherein the spindle is coupleable to the float. The spindle further includes a modular sensor port for coupling a sensor within the spindle and a communication hardware housed within the cavity, the communication hardware configured to communicate with one of land-based communication equipment, non-terrestrial communication equipment, or vessel-based communication equipment. The communication hardware is configured to communicate location data of the float associated with the spindle. The spindle further includes a power source coupled to the communication hardware and wherein the communication hardware is powered by the power source. The spindle further includes a charging port associated with the power source and configured to allow for recharging of the power source. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 1 of the present disclosure.

[0015] fhe spindle further comprises an accelerometer coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate dataincluding accelerometer movement, and use motion activation triggers to intelligently send location coordinates only during periods of movement, further optimizing voltage consumption and battery longevity. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 2 of the present disclosure, wherein example 2 also includes the subject matter according to example 1, above.

[0016] The float is a buoy, and wherein the spindle couples to a buoy via threads at a base of the spindle. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 3 of the present disclosure, wherein example 3 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1 -2, above.

[0017] The communication hardware is positioned at a top of the spindle and the charging port is positioned at the base of the spindle near the threads. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 4 of the present disclosure, wherein example 4 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-3, above.

[0018] The spindle is coupled to the buoy at an uppermost location on the buoy, with the communication hardware positioned at an uppermost location of the combined spindle and buoy. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 5 of the present disclosure, wherein example 5 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1 -4, above.

[0019] The housing is a vertical housing and a vertical cavity relative to the buoy. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 6 of the present disclosure, wherein example 6 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-5, above.

[0020] The spindle further comprises an atmospheric sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the atmospheric sensor including atmospheric temperature, pressure, or humidity. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 7 of the present disclosure, wherein example 7 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-6, above.

[0021] The communication hardware implements Low Power Wide Area Networking, “LPWAN” protocols. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 8 of the present disclosure, wherein example 8 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-7, above.

[0022] The communication hardware is configured to utilize low power, below 50 milliwatts. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 9 of thepresent disclosure, wherein example 9 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-8, above. In another example, the communication hardware is configured to utilize low power, below 30 milliwatts.

[0023] The communication hardware implements Low Power, Long Range Wide Area Networking, “LoRaWAN” protocols. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 10 of the present disclosure, wherein example 10 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-9, above.

[0024] The spindle further comprises an oceanographic sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the oceanographic sensor including water temperature, salinity, pH, or turbidity. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 11 of the present disclosure, wherein example 1 1 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-10, above.

[0025] The spindle is further configured to communicate with other spindles and transmit information through sequential transfer of data from a plurality of floats until the data is transmitted to the one of land-based communication equipment, non- terrestrial communication equipment, or vessel-based communication equipment. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 12 of the present disclosure, wherein example 12 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-11, above.

[0026] The spindle further comprises a biological sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the biological sensor including acoustic information from biological life. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 13 of the present disclosure, wherein example 13 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-12, above.

[0027] The communication hardware is further configured to communicate GPS data, battery level, altitude, and / or speed of travel. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 14 of the present disclosure, wherein example 14 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 1-13, above.

[0028] Disclosed herein is a buoy. The Buoy includes a buoy body housing and a spindle coupled to the buoy body housing. The spindle includes a spindle with a housing, the housing including a cavity, wherein the spindle is coupleable to the buoy. The spindle further includes a modular sensor port for coupling a sensor within the spindle and a communication hardware housed within the cavity, the communication hardware configured to communicate with one of land-based communication equipment, non-terrestrial communication equipment,or vessel-based communication equipment. The communication hardware is configured to communicate location data of the buoy associated with the spindle. The spindle further includes a power source coupled to the communication hardware and wherein the communication hardware is powered by the power source. The spindle further includes a wireless inductive charging port associated with the power source and configured to allow for recharging of the power source without penetration by a wire. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 15 of the present disclosure.

[0029] The communication hardware implements Low Power Wide Area Networking, “LPWAN” protocols, wherein the communication hardware is configured to utilize low power, below 50 milliwatts. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 16 of the present disclosure, wherein example 16 also includes the subject matter according to example 15, above.

[0030] The communication hardware is positioned at a top of the spindle and the charging port is positioned at the base of the spindle near the threads. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 17 of the present disclosure, wherein example 17 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 15-16, above.

[0031] The spindle further comprises an atmospheric sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the atmospheric sensor including atmospheric temperature, pressure, or humidity. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 18 of the present disclosure, wherein example 18 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 15-17, above.

[0032] The spindle further comprises an oceanographic sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the oceanographic sensor including water temperature, salinity, pH, or turbidity. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 19 of the present disclosure, wherein example 1 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 15-18, above.

[0033] The spindle is further configured to communicate with other spindles on nearby other buoys and transmit information through sequential transfer of data from buoy to buoy until the data is transmitted to the one of land-based communication equipment, nonterrestrial communication equipment, or vessel-based communication equipment. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 20 of the present disclosure,wherein example 20 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 15-19, above.

[0034] The power source is located in the buoy body housing and not in the spindle. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 21 of the present disclosure, wherein example 21 also includes the subject matter according to any one of examples 15-20, above.

[0035] Disclosed herein is a modular, self-contained spindle for a float. The modular, self-contained spindle for a float includes a spindle with a housing, the housing including a cavity, wherein the spindle is coupleable to the float. The spindle further includes a modular sensor port for coupling a sensor within the spindle, wired or wirelessly sharing the enclosed battery, and housing communication hardware within the cavity. The communication hardware is configured to communicate with land-based subgigahertz telecommunications communication equipment and mid-earth-orbit 2gHz non-terrestrial- nctworking equipment. The communication hardware is configured to communicate one or more of location, temperature, movement, system configuration, and battery voltage data of the float associated with the spindle. The spindle further includes a power source coupled to the communication hardware and wherein the communication hardware is powered by the power source. The spindle further includes an inductive capable fully water-proofed charging port associated with the power source and configured to allow for recharging of the power source without any wire penetration. The preceding subject matter of this paragraph characterizes example 22 of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order that the advantages of the subject matter may be more readily understood, a more particular description of the subject matter briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the subject matter and are not therefore to be considered limiting of its scope, the subject matter will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 depicts a schematic diagram of a typical fishery configuration with a plurality of traps tethered mechanically to a fishing vessel and a buoy according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 2 depicts a perspective and side view of a buoy with an attachable spindle including embedded communication hardware within according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 3 depicts a side view of a buoy with an attachable spindle including embedded communication hardware within according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 4 depicts a side view of a buoy with an attachable spindle including embedded communication hardware within according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 5 depicts a side view of an attachable spindle including embedded communication hardware within (not visible) according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 6 depicts an exploded perspective and side view of an attachable spindle including embedded communication hardware within (visible with the spindle mostly transparent) according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0043] Figure 7 depicts an exploded perspective and side view of an attachable spindle including embedded communication hardware within (visible with the spindle mostly transparent) according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0044] Figure 8 depicts a perspective and side view of communication hardware that is configured to be embedded within a spindle according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0045] Figure 9 depicts a schematic diagram of a float and spindle according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0046] Throughout the description, similar reference numbers may be used to identify similar elements. Throughout this application, similar designations or vocabulary may be used to identify similar elements, although the breadth of this disclosure should be understood to incorporate any alternatives and variations referenced within the specification (including the claims) and the accompanying drawings.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] It will be readily understood that the components of the embodiments as generally described herein and illustrated in the appended figures could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following more detailed description of various embodiments, as represented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, but is merely representative of various embodiments. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.

[0048] The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments arc to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by this detailed description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

[0049] Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present invention should be or are in any single embodiment of the invention. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, discussions of the features and advantages, and similar language, throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment.

[0050] Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the invention may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, in light of the description herein, that the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the invention.

[0051] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the indicated embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in an embodiment,” and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.

[0052] The expression “configured to’’ as used herein may be used interchangeably with “suitable for,” “having the capacity to,” “designed to,” “adapted to,” “made to,” or “capable of’ according to a context. The term “configured” does not necessarily mean “specifically designed to” at a hardware level. Instead, the expression “apparatus configured to . . .” may mean that the apparatus is “capable of . . .” along with other devices or parts in a certain context.

[0053] The terms “part”, “component”, “device”, or “item” may be used interchangeably.

[0054] Although multiple embodiments are outlined in this description, several of them focus on advancing the tracking and management of buoys and other maritime floats. A new generation of low-cost, long-range smart maritime floats with modular sensor systems is transforming oceanic and atmospheric research by enabling scalable, economical, and highly adaptable data gathering platforms. These devices support global monitoring initiatives by delivering high-resolution information from remote or previously under-observed areas. Built with durable, cost-effective materials like lightweight composites or high-density plastics, they are simplified for affordability while maintaining essential functionalities. Their low cost allows for mass deployment, creating dense networks capable of capturing spatial and temporal variations in ocean and atmospheric conditions.

[0055] Embodiments described herein involve a modular, self-contained spindle that can be attached to or embedded in a float such as a buoy, a ship, or any other water surface equipment that allows for the tracking and management of ocean equipment. In some embodiments, the buoy weighting is deployed to maintain optimal or periodic maintenance of the attached or embedded spindle above the water level for the deployed buoy.

[0056] Embodiments described herein allow for modular use with various kinds of sensors depending on the data one wants to gather. In some embodiments, the modular design of the spindles allows for interchangeable sensors, making them highly versatile for different applications. In some embodiments, the spindles include different sensor or sensing modules. In some embodiments, the devices include atmospheric sensors. These atmospheric sensors may track data measuring atmospheric properties such as temperature, pressure, and humidity or others. In some embodiments, the devices include oceanographic sensors. These oceanographic sensors may track data measuring ocean properties such as water temperature, salinity, pll level, and / or turbidity among others. In some embodiments, the devices include biological sensors. These biologic sensors may track data measuring biologic data relating to marine life (using sensors such as fluorometers or acoustic devices tomonitor marine life). Additional specialized sensor modules can be added for tasks like detecting microplastics, measuring greenhouse gases, or monitoring underwater soundscapes.

[0057] In some embodiments, the spindles and floats are also equipped with intelligent features to optimize the data collection outlined above. In some embodiments, onboard Al processes data in real-time, detects anomalies, and dynamically adjusts sampling frequencies based on environmental conditions. In some embodiments, self-calibration routines ensure sensor accuracy over extended deployments, while anti-biofouling measures, such as specialized coatings or ultrasonic emitters, protect sensors from degradation. The robust design of these floats enables them to withstand harsh marine environments, including prolonged exposure to corrosive saltwater, high UV radiation from continuous sun exposure, significant wave action, extreme temperatures, and severe storms.

[0058] Referring now to Figure 1, a schematic diagram 100 of a typical commercial fishing business configuration with a plurality of traps tethered mechanically to a fishing vessel and a buoy. Figure 1 is depicted as a non-limiting example and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure but is merely representative.

[0059] Ghost gear has been defined as lost, abandoned, or otherwise discarded fishing gear that continues to trap and kill marine wildlife long after it has gone missing. More than twenty five million pots and traps are lost to the ocean annually causing a global crisis of lost and abandoned fishing gear. Additionally, traps are sometimes stolen because of their high cost and the value of their catch. Furthermore, competitive and highly lucrative fisheries have witnessed gear tampering and theft to deter fishermen from accessing particularly productive fishing areas.

[0060] These lost, stolen, or abandoned fishing gear can cause many issues. Aside from the obvious revenue loss from missing equipment, there are real world costs that can affect our ecosystems and marine life. Lost fishing traps not only reduce fishing revenue but also contribute to significant harm to marine ecosystems. These abandoned traps continue to indiscriminately catch and kill marine life, depleting fish stocks and impacting the livelihoods of fishermen. Additionally, the lines connecting set gear to marker buoys entangle whales, sea turtles, and other migratory species. In some areas, such as the North Atlantic, entanglement is the number one cause of whale fatalities. Addressing this issue is critical to ensuring the sustainability and productivity of fisheries worldwide. Embodiments described herein offer transformative solutions for fisheries, with broad and positive implications for society. By improving gear management and reducing trap loss, these innovations can minimize whale entanglements, increase fish catch, and prevent countless unnecessarymarine wildlife fatalities. These advancements not only enhance the economic stability of fishing communities but also contribute to the protection of marine biodiversity, creating a healthier, more balanced ocean ecosystem.

[0061] The embodiments described herein introduce an innovative solution to address the global crisis of lost and abandoned fishing gear. Utilizing long-range, low-power networks combined with modified traditional fishing equipment, embodiments described herein allow users to track their gear in real-time from shore, overcoming the high costs and limitations of conventional satellite-based systems and short range high-capacity land based existing systems. This approach offers significant advantages, including years-long battery life, reduced network expenses, and the flexibility to easily expand coverage when needed.

[0062] As can be seen from Figure 1, a representative number of traps are positioned in the ocean to catch fish and other marine life for a commercial fishing industry. In the illustrated embodiment, a commercial fishing vessel 130 is tethered to a plurality of traps 120 (fishing equipment) which is also tethered to a buoy 110 or float 402. The equipment is tethered via a mechanical tether 115 that is coupled to the buoy 110 or float 402 and further coupled to the five traps 120. Although the schematic diagram 100 is shown and described with certain components and functionality, other embodiments of the schematic diagram 100 may include fewer or more components to implement less or more functionality.

[0063] While described as traps tethered to a buoy other types of equipment may be tethered to a buoy or float 402. The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the examples herein are to be embraced within their scope.

[0064] While embodiments herein are applied to locating fishing equipment, it can readily be seen that such location data could be used for other purposes including the tracking of marine life migration or the determination of a need to retrieve equipment that is putting at peril certain marine life or ocean ecosystems.

[0065] Referring now to Figure 2, a perspective and side view of a plurality of buoys 110 with an attachable or embeddable spindle including embedded communication hardware within is shown. Although the buoy 110 is shown and described with certain components and functionality, other embodiments of the buoy 110 may include fewer or more components to implement less or more functionality.

[0066] The buoy 110 or float 402 includes a floatation body or hull or buoy body housing 220 which functions as the main body of the buoy and provides the buoyancy to keep it afloat in the water. This can be made from durable, corrosion-resistant materials like plastic, fiberglass, steel, foam, or foam-filled shells or other similar materials. Although shown as a general pear shape, the body may be cylindrical, spherical, conical, or other shape depending on stability requirements.

[0067] Coupled to the body 220 is a spindle 200 which is configured to be coupled at the top of the body 220. The spindle 200 may be removably coupled to the buoy body. In the illustrated embodiment, the spindle 200 is coupled to the body by screwing the spindle 200 into the body. Other manners for coupling the spindle to the body are contemplated herein. The described attachment method is to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. Other examples of how to couple the spindle to the body include, but are not limited to, mechanical fasteners, pins, snap fits, clamps, straps, threads, springs and clips, press or interference fits, tongue and groove, magnets, and the like.

[0068] Although not described right now, the spindle 200 includes communication hardware housed within itself that can be used to accomplish the various embodiments described herein. Such descriptions are made in conjunction with other figures. Although discussion of certain features of embodiments are described in conjunction with a particular figure, it is contemplated herein that such features are not necessarily limited to the Figures where those features are outlined. It will be readily understood that the components of the embodiments as generally described herein and illustrated in the appended figures could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. As an example, features described in conjunction with Figure 2 may not be repeated when describing embodiments of other figures but it is understood that such features may (but are not required to) be present with the other figures.

[0069] The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by this detailed description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

[0070] Additionally, the illustrated buoy 110 of Figure 2 includes a mooring eye 215 and a shackle 210 that can be used to mechanistically couple the buoy 110 to various fishing equipment including traps. Additionally, the shackle 210 can function as acounterweight or ballast that keeps the center of gravity lower down on the buoy. In many embodiments, there can be additional shackles 210 (or other types of counterweights) that function to offset and compensate for the additional mass caused by the spindle 200 at the top of the buoy. Counterweights or ballast can also be added to the inside of the body or hull of the buoy in some embodiments.

[0071] Referring to Figure 3, a side view of a buoy with an attachable spindle including embedded communication hardware within is shown. Although the buoy 110 is shown and described with certain components and functionality, other embodiments of the buoy 110 may include fewer or more components to implement less or more functionality.

[0072] The features of the embodiment of Figure 3 are similar to those features shown and described in conjunction with Figure 2. The buoy 110 includes a spindle 200 (shown in yellow), a flotation body 220 (shown in blue) with a mooring eye 215 located at the bottom of the body 220. The spindle 200 is removably coupled to the body 220 via threads 202. The threads 202 allow the spindle to be coupled to the body 220 at the top of the body 220 and for the spindle to be positioned in a generally upright position. While this generally upright positioning of the spindle raises the center of gravity of the buoy itself, it is an important feature as the spindle 200 houses various electronics and communication hardware that may not function properly or cease to function if they are submersed below the waterline. While the spindle 200 may be generally waterproof (thereby not allowing water to enter into the cavity that houses the electronics and communication hardware), submersion of the spindle below the waterline may interrupt, impede or block the functions of the communication hardware. As a non-limiting example, an antenna that is configured to function as the communication hardware may be obstructed or rendered inoperable when submersed below the waterline (even if no water is entering the cavity).

[0073] It will be readily understood that the components of the embodiments as generally described herein and illustrated could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

[0074] The generally vertical spindle with its accompanying length is advantageous as the antenna or other communication hardware may be located high up within the spindle so that the device has the best chance of uninterrupted communication. Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present invention should be or are in any single embodiment of the invention. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristicdescribed in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, discussions of the features and advantages, and similar language, throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment.

[0075] There are various ways to accomplish the communication of the buoy to other infrastructure. Connected and intelligent floats are not new. Others have developed advanced wireless solutions using satellite connectivity. With global coverage and high availability, satellite networks can be suited to addressing the problem and allow for global reach. However, the total cost of ownership and operation (TCO) for satellite connected products can be exceedingly high. Additionally, satellite communications require significantly more power than terrestrial protocols, limiting their application in autonomous environments. As an integrated global system, they also represent a single point of failure that can be more easily compromised by bad actors. Beyond satellite, traditional wireless technologies are simply not well suited for accessing and collecting data in remote marine environments. Cellular connectivity becomes unusable after ~2-3 miles from shore; while bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Z-Wave, and similar ‘personal area networking’ (PAN) protocols have far shorter range - making them irrelevant before leaving the harbor. To date, no cost- effective way of providing meaningful coverage for low data rate devices in remote oceanic regions has been developed.

[0076] However, recent advances in Low Power, Long Range Wide Area Networking protocols (such as LoRaWAN™) are extending the range of terrestrial wireless networks sufficient to cover meaningful near coastal areas, and-with the addition of field deployable gateways— vast swaths of the ocean. Embodiments described herein are the first to productize buoy-based tracking solutions leveraging public LoRaWAN networks, and we’ve partnered with the largest LoRaWAN network in the world to build a trackable buoy that works in many regions without additional wireless infrastructure.

[0077] Some embodiments utilize LoRaWAN™ protocols. They are engineered to balance long-range connectivity for the delivery of limited discrete data with extremely low power consumption. Applying this protocol within spindles coupled to floats is an ideal application allowing for operation for years without maintenance. In some embodiments, the efficiency lies in the way devices spend the majority of their time in deep sleep mode, drawing only about 1-10 microamps. This ultra-low baseline ensures that energy use is negligible when the device is inactive. When a device wakes to obtain a GPS fix, conduct a sensor measurement, or broadcast information, the current rises to around 1-5 milliamps, though this varies depending on the device class. Transmission bursts are short-lived,typically lasting less than a second, and consume about 30-50 milliwatts. Receiving data requires slightly less energy, in the range of 10-15 milliwatts. Because transmissions are infrequent the overall duty cycle remains very low in many embodiments.

[0078] Battery life is influenced by the needs of the spindle. In some embodiments, the spindle is configured to function like a Class A device. Class A devices are the most efficient, as they only open receive windows immediately after transmitting, minimizing listening time. In some embodiments, the spindle is configured to function as a Class B device. Class B devices consume more energy because they maintain scheduled listening slots. In some embodiments, the spindle is configured to function as a Class C device. Class C devices use the most power since they continuously listen for downlink messages. Depending on what sensors are coupled to the system can dictate how the spindle functions and more specifically how much power is used. By utilizing low power, the spindle can spend extensive time out on the water without intervention allowing the buoy or float 402 to be located months or years later if needed. Embodiments allow one to choose the right balance between responsiveness and energy efficiency. In practice, a sensor node transmitting small packets every few hours can last 5-10 years on a single battery, depending on environmental conditions and transmission settings.

[0079] Several factors affect actual consumption. The spreading factor, which determines how long a signal stays on air, directly impacts energy use. Embodiments allow for adjusting this as needed as well to optimize low power needs for the spindle. Higher spreading factors extend range but increase airtime and power draw.

[0080] Embodiments allow for optimizing transmission frequency as more frequent updates may shorten battery life. Environmental conditions such as interference or obstacles can force devices to use higher power settings or longer airtime, further increasing consumption. Compared to other LPWAN technologies like NB-IoT or Sigfox, LoRaWAN generally achieves lower average power consumption because it avoids the overhead of cellular-style connectivity and focuses on minimizing active time. However, some embodiments may utilize these other LPWAN technologies listed above.

[0081] In some embodiments, the spindle utilizes LoRaWAN to maximize sleep and minimize active communication. By combining efficient modulation, adaptive data rate optimization, and strict duty cycle control, it enables the spindle to achieve long-range communication while consuming only milliwatts during activity and microamps during sleep.

[0082] In some embodiments, the spindle uses a single 21700 Li-ion NMC cell or similar battery. In some embodiments, the spindle platform shows stable and predictablepower performance characteristic of a single 21700 Li-ion NMC cell operating within the flat region of its open-circuit voltage (OCV) curve. In some embodiments, the initial voltage is between 4.15-4.20 V. In some embodiments, the terminal voltage is 3.95-4.05 V. In an example use, a battery use case corresponded to a state-of-charge shift from roughly 100% to about 80%, meaning only about 20% of the usable capacity was expended within 40 days. This means that approximately 200 days or six to seven months of discharge may be expected in some embodiments with a similar cell. In an example and based on validated Li-ion OCV- to-SoC relationships and the observed discharge rate, the system effectively used one-fifth of its available capacity over the deployment period. Extrapolating this linear discharge trend indicates strong long-term endurance and confirming that the spindle's power architecture is well-suited for extended maritime missions without requiring service. In some embodiments, the system is configured to use less than 5 V as an initial voltage or terminal voltage. The low-power allows for long term applications at low cost.

[0083] In some embodiments, the spindle is used as a communication conduit for other electronic devices (on vessels or buoys). Because of the low power consumption, certain types of communication can be routed through the spindle including cell phone data or other computing devices that are present on vessels that typically have spotty service on the ocean.

[0084] Embodiments described herein include GPS -enabled intelligent floats designed to withstand harsh oceanic conditions. They are based on modified fishing trap buoys with provably durable designs and a long service life. Embodiments include the development of additional intelligence, by adding modular sensing capability to enhance our existing floats and assist the government or other entities in mission readiness, disaster preparedness, sustainment, and logistics.

[0085] Many different data can be captured and communicated to a user that will allow for located resources and deploying resources to solve problems that may arise. Data that can be captured includes accelerometer movement, GPS, battery level, altitude, speed of travel, and other essential characteristics to mitigate lost and abandoned fishing equipment.

[0086] Some embodiments described herein leverage additional off-the-shelf and highly available sensors-such as machine- vision enabled cameras and wave and water movement processing intelligence to provide low-cost persistent grid sensing capabilities for both stationary and mobile applications. Our enhanced intelligent floats will enable remote collection of key maritime data. The described features, advantages, and characteristics of the invention may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Oneskilled in the relevant art will recognize, in light of the description herein, that the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the invention.

[0087] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the indicated embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in an embodiment,” and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.

[0088] Embodiments of the invention described herein are easy to deploy, operate, and recover, with a size and appearance (as traditional fishing markers) that makes them resilient to adversarial access and area denial strategies. Our use of LoRaWAN technology enables floats to be deployed in key fisheries and, if desired, to persist autonomously for months to years (rather than days to weeks). Additionally, they are designed to operate with little to no human input, and use a modulation technique that is robust to signal jamming efforts (Chirped Spread Spectrum). Floats can be assembled using off-the-shelf components with custom firmware and software to provide a low cost form factor. Appearing as traditional fishing floats, our intelligent floats are less vulnerable to adversary weapons and detection, with a footprint that makes their discovery and seizure particularly difficult.

[0089] Referring now to Figure 4, a side view of a buoy with an attachable spindle including embedded communication hardware within is shown. Although the buoy 110 is shown and described with certain components and functionality, other embodiments of the buoy 110 may include fewer or more components to implement less or more functionality.

[0090] The illustrated figure 4 is substantially similar to what was described in conjunction with Figure 3 and is not repeated for the sake of brevity. As used herein, the term “substantially” in reference to a given parameter, property, or condition means and includes to a degree that one of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the given parameter, property, or condition is met with a degree of variance, such as within acceptable manufacturing tolerances. By way of example, depending on the particular parameter, property, or condition that is substantially met, the parameter, property, or condition may be at least 90.0% met, at least 95.0% met, at least 99.0% met, or even at least 99.9% met.

[0091] As used herein, the term “about” used in reference to a given parameter is inclusive of the stated value and has the meaning dictated by the context (e.g., it includes the degree of error associated with measurement of the given parameter).

[0092] In some embodiments, the Buoy includes a buoy body housing 220 and a spindle coupled to the buoy body housing 220. The spindle includes a spindle with a housing 302, the housing 302 including a cavity, wherein the spindle is coupleable to the buoy. The spindle further includes a modular sensor port for coupling a sensor within the spindle and a communication hardware housed within the cavity, the communication hardware configured to communicate with one of land-based communication equipment, non-terrestrial communication equipment, or vessel-based communication equipment. The communication hardware is configured to communicate location data of the float 402 associated with the spindle. The spindle further includes a power source coupled to the communication hardware and wherein the communication hardware is powered by the power source. The spindle further includes a charging port 320 associated with the power source and configured to allow for recharging of the power source. In some embodiments, the charging port is a wireless induction charging port. The wireless induction charging port allows for eliminating an ingress of water into the spindle. This is more waterproof than a traditional charging port.

[0093] In some embodiments, the communication hardware implements Low Power Wide Area Networking, “LPWAN” protocols, wherein the communication hardware is configured to utilize low power, below 50 milliwatts.

[0094] In some embodiments, the communication hardware is positioned at the top of the spindle and the charging port 320 is positioned at the base of the spindle near the threads.

[0095] In some embodiments, the spindle further comprises an atmospheric sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the atmospheric sensor including atmospheric temperature, pressure, or humidity.

[0096] In some embodiments, the spindle further comprises an oceanographic sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the oceanographic sensor including water temperature, salinity, pH, or turbidity.

[0097] In some embodiments, the spindle is further configured to communicate with other spindles on nearby other buoys and transmit information through sequential transfer of data from buoy to buoy until the data is transmitted to the one of land-based communicationequipment, non-terrestrial communication equipment, or vessel-based communication equipment.

[0098] In some embodiments, the communication hardware is configured to communicate with land-based subgigahertz telecommunications communication equipment. In some embodiments, the communication hardware is configured to communicate with midearth-orbit 2gHz non-terrestrial-networking equipment. In some embodiments, the communication hardware is configured to communicate with low gigahertz communication equipment on a vessel.

[0099] In some embodiments, the power source is located in the buoy body housing and not in the spindle. This can create more ballast for the buoy as a battery may be the heaviest part of the system.

[0100] Referring now to Figure 5, a side view of an attachable spindle including embedded communication hardware within (not visible) according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Although the spindle 200 is shown and described with certain components and functionality, other embodiments of the spindle 200 may include fewer or more components to implement less or more functionality.

[0101] The illustrated spindle 200 includes threads 202 at the base of the spindle 200 with a cavity within that is configured to house the electronics and communication hardware. The threads 202 are configured to removably couple the spindle 200 to the body of a buoy or other marine float 402. As described earlier, other ways of coupling the spindle to the buoy are contemplated herein and are not repeated solely for the sake of brevity.

[0102] Referring now to Figure 6, an exploded perspective and side view of an attachable spindle including embedded communication hardware and electronics within (visible with the spindle mostly transparent) according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The illustrated embodiment includes various components housed within the spindle housing 302 which are now described. Although the communication hardware and electronics is shown and described with certain components and functionality, other embodiments of the communication hardware and electronics may include fewer or more components to implement less or more functionality.

[0103] Generally speaking the spindle 200 includes electronics 300 (which may include an antenna or other communications hardware), a power source 310, and a waterproof charging port 320. The charging or induction port 320 may be open at the bottom of the spindle housing 302 to allow for the charging of the device. A sealant or foam or other type of sealing mechanism might be present at the bottom of the spindle housing 302 toprevent the egress of water up into the housing 302 thereby protecting the electronics, communications hardware, and the power source 310.

[0104] The illustrated embodiment includes a power source 310. In many embodiments, the power source 310 is a battery or other similar power source that can retain power to be used over time when the spindle is deployed. In some embodiments, the power source is a solar panel or a wind or wave powered generator or other type of mobile power source. As was described herein, the low power requirements allow for a long term power source 310 to power the device over a very long time including a year. This allows a user to continually locate the buoy and receive data without having to recharge the device. This allows a user the ability to locate a lost buoy more than a year later after it has gone missing. The low power requirement is a significant advantage for many embodiments described herein.

[0105] Even with the low power requirements, the spindle can eventually be returned to land to be recharged if needed via the charging or induction port 320. As can be contemplated, the charging could take place at the buoy as a vessel can go to the buoy and conduct the charging there on location if necessary.

[0106] The spindle 200 also includes various electronics including the illustrated PCB (printed circuit board) which may be configured to track the various data that has been discussed herein but is not repeated here for the sake of brevity. Additionally, as part of the electronics (or coupled thereto) communication hardware may be included that is configured to carry out the communication functions that are described herein. As discussed previously, the location of the communication hardware (and subsequently the power source 310 and charging or induction port 320) may be deliberate with the communication hardware at an upper position within the housing 302 and the power source 310 lower within the housing 302. This may be to aid the communication hardware keeping it high above the water such that it does not become submerged within the water. Additionally, for weight distribution, the heavier power source 310 may be lower within the spindle housing 302 so as to lower the overall center of gravity of the entire system. As discussed previously, lowering the center of gravity aids the buoy so that it stays relatively upright with the spindle above the water at all times.

[0107] Shown here is a modular, self-contained spindle for a float 402. The modular, self-contained spindle for a float 402 includes a spindle with a housing 302, the housing 302 including a cavity, wherein the spindle is coupleable to the float 402. The spindle further includes a modular sensor port for coupling a sensor within the spindle and acommunication hardware housed within the cavity, the communication hardware configured to communicate with land-based communication equipment. The communication hardware is configured to communicate location data of the float 402 associated with the spindle. The spindle further includes a power source 310 coupled to the communication hardware and wherein the communication hardware is powered by the power source 310. The spindle further includes a charging or induction port 320 associated with the power source 310 and configured to allow for recharging of the power source 310.

[0108] In some embodiments, the spindle further comprises an accelerometer coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data including accelerometer movement.

[0109] In some embodiments, the spindle couples to a buoy via threads at a base of the spindle.

[0110] In some embodiments, the communication hardware is positioned at the top of the spindle and the charging port 320 is positioned at the base of the spindle near the threads.

[0111] In some embodiments, the spindle is coupled to the buoy at an uppermost location on the buoy, with the communication hardware positioned at an uppermost location of the combined spindle and buoy.

[0112] In some embodiments, the housing 302 is a vertical housing 302 and a vertical cavity relative to the buoy.

[0113] In some embodiments, the spindle further comprises an atmospheric sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the atmospheric sensor including atmospheric temperature, pressure, or humidity.

[0114] In some embodiments, the communication hardware implements Low Power Wide Area Networking, “LPWAN” protocols.

[0115] In some embodiments, the communication hardware is configured to utilize low power, below 50 milliwatts. In another example, the communication hardware is configured to utilize low power, below 30 milliwatts.

[0116] In some embodiments, the communication hardware implements Low Power, Long Range Wide Area Networking, “LoRaWAN” protocols.

[0117] In some embodiments, the spindle further comprises an oceanographic sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware isconfigured to communicate data from the oceanographic sensor including water temperature, salinity, pH, or turbidity.

[0118] In some embodiments, the spindle is further configured to communicate with other spindles and transmit information through sequential transfer of data from a plurality of floats until the data is transmitted to the land-based communication equipment.

[0119] In some embodiments, the spindle further comprises a biological sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the biological sensor including acoustic information from biological life.

[0120] In some embodiments, the communication hardware is further configured to communicate GPS data, battery level, altitude, and / or speed of travel.

[0121] Referring now to Figure 7, an exploded perspective and side view of an attachable spindle including embedded communication hardware within (visible with the spindle mostly transparent) according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Although the communication hardware and electronics is shown and described with certain components and functionality, other embodiments of the communication hardware and electronics may include fewer or more components to implement less or more functionality. This Figure shows the various components at a different angle.

[0122] Referring now to Figure 8, a perspective and side view of communication hardware and electronics 250 that is configured to be embedded within a spindle according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Although the communication hardware and electronics 250 are shown and described with certain components and functionality, other embodiments of the communication hardware and electronics 250 may include fewer or more components to implement less or more functionality.

[0123] The electronics and communications hardware 250 are shown assembled together as they might be within the spindle (not shown) when the device is fully assembled and deployable. In the illustrated embodiment, various components are shown. The components include a stopper 332. The stopper 332 may function merely to indicate full insertion of the electronics and communications hardware 250 into the spindle as the stopper 332 will engage the top of the cavity of the spindle. The components include tabs 334 which function for positional rigidity and centering of the electronics and communications hardware 250 within the spindle.

[0124] The components include screw mounts 336 for mounting the PCB 300 relative to the other components. Also depicted is a power source 310 (a battery) with tabs 338 that are configured to center the battery and keep it stable within the spindle. Additional components shown are the waterproof charging or induction port 320 and a retention disc 340 which may be configured to retain expanding foam that seals the electronic components within the spindle and separates them from any water ingress.

[0125] Shown here is a modular, self-contained spindle for a float 402. The modular, self-contained spindle for a float 402 includes a spindle with a housing 302, the housing 302 including a cavity, wherein the spindle is coupleable to the float 402. The spindle further includes a modular sensor port for coupling a sensor within the spindle and a communication hardware housed within the cavity, the communication hardware configured to communicate with land-based communication equipment. The communication hardware is configured to communicate location data of the float 402 associated with the spindle. The spindle further includes a power source 310 coupled to the communication hardware and wherein the communication hardware is powered by the power source 310. The spindle further includes a charging or induction port 320 associated with the power source 310 and configured to allow for recharging of the power source 310.

[0126] In some embodiments, the spindle further comprises an accelerometer coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data including accelerometer movement.

[0127] In some embodiments, the float 402 is a buoy, and wherein the spindle couples to a buoy via threads at a base of the spindle.

[0128] In some embodiments, the communication hardware is positioned at the top of the spindle and the charging or induction port 320 is positioned at the base of the spindle near the threads.

[0129] In some embodiments, the spindle is coupled to the buoy at an uppermost location on the buoy, with the communication hardware positioned at an uppermost location of the combined spindle and buoy.

[0130] In some embodiments, the housing 302 is a vertical housing 302 and a vertical cavity relative to the buoy. In some embodiments, the housing 302 and the cavity is water proofed and comprises seals around the charging or induction port 320 to keep water ingress into the communication hardware.

[0131] In some embodiments, the spindle further comprises an atmospheric sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware isconfigured to communicate data from the atmospheric sensor including atmospheric temperature, pressure, or humidity.

[0132] In some embodiments, the communication hardware implements Low Power Wide Area Networking, “LPWAN” protocols.

[0133] In some embodiments, the communication hardware is configured to utilize low power, below 50 milliwatts. In another example, the communication hardware is configured to utilize low power, below 30 milliwatts.

[0134] In some embodiments, the communication hardware implements Low Power, Long Range Wide Area Networking, “LoRaWAN” protocols.

[0135] In some embodiments, the spindle further comprises an oceanographic sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the oceanographic sensor including water temperature, salinity, pH, or turbidity.

[0136] In some embodiments, the spindle is further configured to communicate with other spindles and transmit information through sequential transfer of data from a plurality of floats until the data is transmitted to the land-based communication equipment.

[0137] In some embodiments, the spindle further comprises a biological sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the biological sensor including acoustic information from biologic life.

[0138] In some embodiments, the communication hardware is further configured to communicate GPS data, battery level, altitude, and / or speed of travel.

[0139] Referring now to Figure 9, a schematic diagram 400 of a float 402 and spindle 200 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Although the schematic diagram is shown and described with certain components and functionality, other embodiments of the schematic diagram may include fewer or more components to implement less or more functionality. Many embodiments described herein allow for long range communication (miles not meters), with low power (lasting more than a year), and can be deployed with existing equipment as the spindles can be coupled to existing buoy bodies. These features along with the low cost allow for the deployment of these resources to reduce waste, to reduce loss, and to increase retention of fishing equipment. Such retention reduces the harm to marine life and reduces material waste within the oceanwhich is increasing each year. Embodiments described herein have many advantages over the existing art.

[0140] In some embodiments, the Buoy includes a buoy body housing 220 and a spindle 200 coupled to the buoy body housing 220 via a coupling connection 406 on the buoy 110 which may be a threaded connection. The spindle 200 includes a spindle with a housing 302, the housing 302 including a cavity, wherein the spindle 200 is coupleable to the buoy 110 via threads 202 or a coupling connection 306. The spindle 200 further includes a modular sensor port 430 for coupling a sensor 432 within the spindle 200 and a communication hardware 460 housed within the cavity 304, the communication hardware 460 configured to communicate with land-based communication equipment 500. The communication hardware 460 is configured to communicate location data of the float 402 associated with the spindle 200. The spindle 200 further includes a power source 310 coupled to the communication hardware and wherein the communication hardware is powered by the power source 310. The spindle further includes a charging or induction port 320 associated with the power source 310 and configured to allow for recharging of the power source 310.

[0141] In some embodiments, the spindle further comprises an accelerometer coupled to the modular sensor port 430 and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data including accelerometer movement. The data may be stored in data storage 440, waiting for transmission to the land-based communication equipment 500.

[0142] In some embodiments, the float 402 is a buoy 110, and wherein the spindle 200 couples to a buoy 110 via threads 306 at a base of the spindle 200.

[0143] In some embodiments, the communication hardware 460 is positioned at the top of the spindle 200 and the charging port 320 is positioned at the base of the spindle 200 near the threads 202 or other coupling connection 306.

[0144] In some embodiments, the spindle 306 is coupled to the buoy at an uppermost location on the buoy, with the communication hardware 460 positioned at an uppermost location of the combined spindle 200 and buoy 110.

[0145] In some embodiments, the housing 302 is a vertical housing 302 and a vertical cavity 304 relative to the buoy 110 or float 402.

[0146] In some embodiments, the spindle 200 further comprises an atmospheric sensor 432 coupled to the modular sensor port 430 and wherein thecommunication hardware 460 is configured to communicate data 442 from the atmospheric sensor 432 including atmospheric temperature, pressure, or humidity.

[0147] In some embodiments, the communication hardware 460 implements Low Power Wide Area Networking, “LPWAN” protocols 462.

[0148] In some embodiments, the communication hardware 460 is configured to utilize low power, below 50 milliwatts. In another example, the communication hardware 460 is configured to utilize low power, below 30 milliwatts.

[0149] In some embodiments, the communication hardware 460 implements Low Power, Long Range Wide Area Networking, “LoRaWAN” protocols 464.

[0150] In some embodiments, the spindle 200 further comprises an oceanographic sensor 432 coupled to the modular sensor port 430 and wherein the communication hardware 460 is configured to communicate data 442 from the oceanographic sensor 432 including water temperature, salinity, pH, or turbidity.

[0151] In some embodiments, the spindle 200 is further configured to communicate with other spindles 200 and transmit information through sequential transfer of data from a plurality of floats until the data is transmitted to the land-based communication equipment 500. This may occur in a sequential manner relaying information over larger distances to reach the land-based communication equipment 500.

[0152] In some embodiments, the spindle 200 further comprises a biological sensor 432 coupled to the modular sensor port 430 and wherein the communication hardware 460 is configured to communicate data 442 from the biological sensor 432 including acoustic information from biological life.

[0153] In some embodiments, the communication hardware 460 is further configured to communicate GPS data, battery level, altitude, and / or speed of travel or other types of data 442.

[0154] The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0155] Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the subject matter of the present disclosure should be or are in any single embodiment. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, discussion of the features and advantages, and similar language, throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment.

[0156] In the above description, specific details of various embodiments are provided. However, some embodiments may be practiced with less than all of these specific details. In other instances, certain methods, procedures, components, structures, and / or functions are described in no more detail than to enable the various embodiments of the invention, for the sake of brevity and clarity.

[0157] Although the operations of the mcthod(s) herein arc shown and described in a particular order, the order of the operations of each method may be altered so that certain operations may be performed in an inverse order or so that certain operations may be performed, at least in part, concurrently with other operations. In another embodiment, instructions or sub-operations of distinct operations may be implemented in an intermittent and / or alternating manner.

[0158] Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated, the invention is not to be limited to the specific forms or arrangements of parts so described and illustrated. The scope of the invention is to be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents.

[0159] As used herein, the phrase “at least one of’, when used with a list of items, means different combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used and only one of the items in the list may be needed. The item may be a particular object, thing, or category. In other words, “at least one of’ means any combination of items or number of items may be used from the list, but not all of the items in the list may be required. For example, “at least one of item A, item B, and item C” may mean item A; item A and item B; item B; item A, item B, and item C; or item B and item C. In some cases, “at least one of item A, item B, and item C” may mean, for example, without limitation, two of item A, one of item B, and ten of item C; four of item B and seven of item C; or some other suitable combination.

[0160] As used herein, a system, apparatus, structure, article, element, component, or hardware “configured to” perform a specified function is indeed capable of performing thespecified function without any alteration, rather than merely having potential to perform the specified function after further modification. In other words, the system, apparatus, structure, article, element, component, or hardware “configured to” perform a specified function is specifically selected, created, implemented, utilized, programmed, and / or designed for the purpose of performing the specified function. As used herein, “configured to” denotes existing characteristics of a system, apparatus, structure, article, element, component, or hardware which enable the system, apparatus, structure, article, element, component, or hardware to perform the specified function without further modification. For purposes of this disclosure, a system, apparatus, structure, article, element, component, or hardware described as being “configured to” perform a particular function may additionally or alternatively be described as being “adapted to” and / or as being “operative to” perform that function.

[0161] Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated, the invention is not to be limited to the specific forms or arrangements of parts so described and illustrated. The scope of the invention is to be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A modular, self-contained spindle for a float, the spindle comprising: a spindle with a housing, the housing comprising a cavity, wherein the spindle is coupleable to the float; a modular sensor port for coupling a sensor within the spindle: a communication hardware housed within the cavity, the communication hardware configured to communicate with one of land-based communication equipment, non-terrestrial communication equipment, or vessel-based communication equipment, and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate location data of the float associated with the spindle; a power source coupled to the communication hardware and wherein the communication hardware is powered by the power source: and a charging port associated with the power source and configured to allow for recharging of the power source.

2. The spindle of claim 1, wherein the spindle further comprises an accelerometer coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data including accelerometer movement.

3. The spindle of claim 1, wherein the float is a buoy, and wherein the spindle couples to a buoy via threads at a base of the spindle.

4. The spindle of claim 3, wherein the communication hardware is positioned at a top of the spindle and the charging port is positioned the base of the spindle near the threads.

5. The spindle of claim 4, wherein the spindle is coupled to the buoy at an uppermost location on the buoy, with the communication hardware positioned at an uppermost location of the combined spindle and buoy.

6. The spindle of claim 5, wherein the housing is a vertical housing and a vertical cavity relative to the buoy.

7. The spindle of claim 1, wherein the spindle further comprises an atmospheric sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the atmospheric sensor including atmospheric temperature, pressure, or humidity.

8. The spindle of claim 1, wherein the communication hardware implements Tow Power Wide Area Networking, “LPWAN” protocols.

9. The spindle of claim 8, wherein the communication hardware is configured to utilize low power, below 50 milliwatts.

10. The spindle of claim 8, wherein the communication hardware implements Tow Power, Tong Range Wide Area Networking, “ToRaWAN” protocols.

11. fhe spindle of claim 1 , wherein the spindle further comprises an oceanographic sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the oceanographic sensor including water temperature, salinity, pH, or turbidity.

12. The spindle of claim 1, wherein the spindle is further configured to communicate with other spindles and transmit information through sequential transfer of data from a plurality of floats until the data is transmitted to the land-based communication equipment.

13. The spindle of claim 1 , wherein the spindle further comprises a biological sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the biological sensor including acoustic information from biological life.

14. The spindle of claim 1, wherein the communication hardware is further configured to communicate GPS data, battery level, altitude, and / or speed of travel.

15. A buoy, the buoy comprising:a buoy body housing; and a spindle coupled to the buoy positioned above the buoy body housing, the spindle comprising: a housing, the housing comprising a cavity, wherein the spindle is coupleable to the top of the buoy; a modular sensor port for coupling a sensor within the spindle; a communication hardware housed within the cavity, the communication hardware configured to communicate with one of land-based communication equipment, non-terrestrial communication equipment, or vessel-based communication equipment, and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate location data of the buoy associated with the spindle; a power source coupled to the communication hardware and wherein the communication hardware is powered by the power source; and a charging port associated with the power source and configured to allow for recharging of the power source.

16. The buoy of claim 15, wherein the communication hardware implements Low Power Wide Area Networking, “LPWAN” protocols, wherein the communication hardware is configured to utilize low power, below 50 milliwatts.

17. The buoy of claim 15, wherein the communication hardware is positioned at a top of the spindle and the charging port is positioned at the base of the spindle near the threads.

18. The buoy of claim 15, wherein the spindle further comprises an atmospheric sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the atmospheric sensor including atmospheric temperature, pressure, or humidity.

19. The buoy of claim 15, wherein the spindle further comprises an oceanographic sensor coupled to the modular sensor port and wherein the communication hardware is configured to communicate data from the oceanographic sensor including water temperature, salinity, pH, or turbidity.

20. The buoy of claim 15, wherein the spindle is further configured to communicate with other spindles on nearby other buoys and transmit information through sequential transfer of data from buoy to buoy until the data is transmitted to the land-based communication equipment.

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