Glass fiber reinformed polymer composition with high flowability and adjustable light transmittance and haze
A copolyester composition with matched refractive index to glass fiber enhances flowability and mechanical strength, addressing flowability issues and achieving adjustable light transmittance and haze for thin parts and consumer electronics.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- EASTMAN CHEM CHINA CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-25
AI Technical Summary
The addition of glass fiber to polymers decreases flowability, which is detrimental for extrusion or injection molding of thin parts, and increases thermal degradation, internal forces, and precipitation risk, while high light transmittance is required for certain applications.
A copolyester composition with a matching refractive index to glass fiber, combined with additional polymers for improved flowability and adjustable transmittance and haze, using components like cyclohexanedimethanol, terephthalic acid, and glass fiber, achieving high mechanical strength and optical properties.
The composition maintains high flowability and mechanical strength while allowing adjustable light transmittance and haze, suitable for thin parts and consumer electronics.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024139864-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024139864-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024139864-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
GLASS FIBER REINFORMED POLYMER COMPOSITION WITH HIGH FLOWABILITY AND ADJUSTABLE LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE AND HAZEFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention generally relates articles, such as thin components, including for consumer goods, comprising polyester compositions comprising at least one polyester made from terephthalic acid, such as dimethyl terephthalate, an ester thereof, or mixtures thereof; 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol; and 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol and an additional polymer to provide increased polymer flowability and adjustable light transmittance and / or haze.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Glass fiber is used as a filler to increase mechanical properties, such as tensile modulus, of polymers. The addition of glass fiber, however, is believed to decrease flowability of the resultant polymer and glass fiber combination. This is especially an adverse consideration for extrusion or injection molding of thin parts.
[0003] Increasing injection temperature, increasing injection pressure, and / or adding a plasticizer may improve flowability during processing of a polymer and glass fiber mixture. However, high temperatures may cause thermal degradation; high injection pressures may result in parts having higher internal forces, often leading to part failure over time; and use of a plasticizer may result in an unacceptable precipitation risk.
[0004] Further, for some consumer electronic articles high light transmittance is required. For example, an article having an underlying light source below, for example, a keycap on a computer or laptop keyboard, generally requires high light transmittance. Increasing glass fiber content to increase mechanical properties of such an article may often decrease light transmittance.
[0005] As such, there is a need in the art for a polymer composite material having high flowability and high light transmittance, especially for use with thin parts. Moreover, there is a need in the art for adjusting polymer composition flowability and further adjusting light transmittance and / or haze for the polymer composite material.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] This invention provides a copolyester composition using high-flow copolyester component with a reinforcing material, such as glass fiber, to provide enhanced mechanical strength properties while maintaining acceptable other physical and optical properties. The refractive index (RI) value of the copolyester component and refractive index (RI) value of the reinforcing material are selected to sufficiently match each other, including being substantially equal. Additionally, by incorporating an additional or blend polymer having increased flowability and a different refractive index (RI) value, the flow performance of the resulting composite may be further improved. Moreover, the variable refractive index of the blend polymers and the miscibility of the blend polymers allow for adjustable transmittance and haze in the resultant composition.
[0007] In an aspect, compositions are provided comprising (or consisting of) combinations of copolyesters with one or more additional blend polymers having monomers chosen from cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) , terephthalic acid (TPA) , isopropenyl acetate (IPA) , 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) , ethylene glycol (EG) , dimethyl 1, 4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate (DMCD) , and / or bisphenol A monomers, and combinations thereof, and glass fiber reinforcing material, and optionally other additives, such as antioxidants, mold release, etc. Articles made from the compositions may be used for multiple applications, such as films, sheet, molded part, foams, or any combination thereof.
[0008] In one aspect, the present invention is a copolyester composition comprising: (a) from 10 to 90, or 20 to 90, or 30 to 90 weight %of a copolyester component that comprises at least one copolyester, said at least one copolyester comprising: (i) a diacid component comprising: from 90 to 100 mole %residues of terephthalic acid, from 0 to 10 mole %of a modifying aromatic diacid having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and from 0 to 10 mole %residues of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid; and (ii) a glycol component comprising: from 60 to 90 mole %cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) residues, from 10 to 40 mole %2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1, 3-diol (TMCD) residues, and from 0 to 10 mole%of a modifying glycol having 2 to 20 carbon atoms; wherein the inherent viscosity of the at least one copolyester is 0.7 dL / g or less as determined in 60 / 40 (wt / wt) phenol / tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g / 100 ml at 25 ℃, and wherein the weight %is based on the weight of the total copolyester composition, and wherein the total mole %of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %and the total mole %of the glycol component is 100 mole %; (b) from 5 to 50 weight %of a reinforcing material component that comprises a glass reinforcing material; and (c) from 1 to 50 weight %of at least one additional polymer having a flowability greater than a flowability of the copolyester component.
[0009] The copolyester composition may have a melt flow rate (MFR) greater than 25 g / 10 min measured at 280 ℃ with a 5 kg load according to ASTM D1238; may have a heat deflection temperature (HDT) greater than 90℃, measured according to ASTM D648 at 0.455 MPa; and may have a transmittance of greater than 75%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque.
[0010] The copolyester composition may have a melt flow rate (MFR) greater than 10 g / 10 min measured at 280 ℃ with a 2.16 kg load according to ASTM D1238. Moreover, the copolyester composition may have a spiral flow greater than 8 inches measured at injection pressure of 2000 bar, injection speed of 100 mm / s, melt temperature of 270 ℃, mold temperature of 50 ℃, injection time of 1 sec., and sample thickness 2 mm.
[0011] The at least one additional polymer may include a monomer selected from cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) , terephthalic acid (TPA) , isopropenyl acetate (IPA) , 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) , ethylene glycol (EG) , dimethyl 1, 4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate (DMCD) , bisphenol A monomers and combinations thereof.
[0012] The at least one additional polymer may include a polymer of polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate (PCT) , 3, 6, 9, 15-Tetraazabicyclo [9.3.1] pentadeca-1 (15) , 11, 13-triene-3, 6, 9-triacetic acid (PCTA) , poly (1, 4-cyclohexylenedimethylene 1, 4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PCCD) , cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate glycol (PCTG) , polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) , polycarbonate (PC) and combinations thereof.
[0013] The glass reinforcing material may include an E-glass fiber material. The glass reinforcing material may be an alumina-calcium-borosilicate glass fiber material. The glass reinforcing material may include an alumina-calcium-borosilicate glass fiber material having about 2 weight %alkali or less than 2 weight %alkali.
[0014] The glass reinforcing material may have a refractive index substantially equal to a refractive index of the copolyester component, as measured according to ASTM D542, preferably from 99%to 101%of the refractive index of the copolyester component, as measured according to ASTM D542. The refractive index of the glass reinforcing material and the refractive index of the copolyester component may be from about 1.55 to about 1.57, as measured according to ASTM D542.
[0015] The copolyester composition may have a haze of less than 90%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque.
[0016] The copolyester composition may have a heat deflection temperature (HDT) vary from 75 ℃ to 140℃, or 78 to 140℃, or 80 to 140℃, measured according to ASTM D648 at 0.455 MPa.
[0017] The copolyester composition may have a transmittance of greater than 30%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque, preferably greater than 80%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque.
[0018] The copolyester composition may have a melt flow rate (MFR) greater than 10 g / 10 min measured at 280 ℃ with a 2.16 kg load according to ASTM D1238.
[0019] The reinforcing material component may be present in an amount from about 10 to 50, or 10 to 45, or 10 to 40, or 10 to 35, or 10 to 30, or 10 to 25, or 10 to 20, or 15 to 50, or 15 to 45, or 15 to 40, or 15 to 35, or 15 to 30, or 15 to 25, or 20 to 50, or 20 to 45, or 20 to 40, or 20 to 35, or 20 to 30, or 25 to 50, or 55 to 45, or 25 to 40, or 25 to 35, or 35 to 50, or 35 to 45, or 40 to 50 weight %, based on the total weight of the copolyester composition.
[0020] The copolyester composition may have a haze of less than 100%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque, preferably less than 90%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque.
[0021] An article comprising a transparent or translucent component may be formed from the copolyester composition of present invention. Such an article may be a consumer electronic device, such as a computer keyboard, phone cover and frame, and some automotive parts. The component may be a keycap on a computer keyboard, a scissor of laptop keyboard, cover or frame of mobile phone or tablet (e.g., ipad) .DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0022] The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of certain embodiments of the invention and the working examples. In accordance with the purpose (s) of this invention, certain embodiments of the invention are described in the Summary of the Invention and are further described herein below. Also, other embodiments of the invention are described herein.
[0023] As used herein, the term “polyester” includes copolyesters and is understood to mean a synthetic polymer prepared by the reaction of one or more difunctional and / or multifunctional carboxylic acids with one or more difunctional hydroxyl compounds and / or multifunctional hydroxyl compounds. Typically, the difunctional carboxylic acid can be a dicarboxylic acid and the difunctional hydroxyl compound can be a dihydric alcohol such as, for example, glycols and diols. The term "glycol" as used in this application includes, but is not limited to, diols, glycols, and / or multifunctional hydroxyl compounds, for example, branching agents. Alternatively, the difunctional carboxylic acid may be a hydroxy carboxylic acid such as, for example, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and the difunctional hydroxyl compound may be an aromatic nucleus bearing 2 hydroxyl substituents such as, for example, hydroquinone. The term “residue, ” as used herein, means any organic structure incorporated into a polymer through a polycondensation and / or an esterification reaction from the corresponding monomer. The term “repeating unit, ” as used herein, means an organic structure having a dicarboxylic acid residue and a diol residue bonded through a carbonyloxy group. Thus, for example, the dicarboxylic acid residues may be derived from a dicarboxylic acid monomer or its associated acid halides, esters, salts, anhydrides, or mixtures thereof. As used herein, therefore, the term dicarboxylic acid is intended to include dicarboxylic acids and any derivative of a dicarboxylic acid, including its associated acid halides, esters, half-esters, salts, half-salts, anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, or mixtures thereof, useful in a reaction process with a diol to make polyester. Furthermore, as used in this application, the term "diacid" includes multifunctional acids, for example, branching agents. As used herein, the term "terephthalic acid" is intended to include terephthalic acid itself and residues thereof as well as any derivative of terephthalic acid, including its associated acid halides, esters, half-esters, salts, half-salts, anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, or mixtures thereof or residues thereof useful in a reaction process with a diol to make polyester.
[0024] In one embodiment, terephthalic acid may be used as the starting material. In another embodiment, dimethyl terephthalate may be used as the starting material. In another embodiment, mixtures of terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate may be used as the starting material and / or as an intermediate material.
[0025] The polyesters useful in the present invention typically can be prepared from dicarboxylic acids and diols which react in substantially equal proportions and are incorporated into the polyester polymer as their corresponding residues. The polyesters useful in present invention may contain substantially equal molar proportions of acid residues (100 mole%) and diol (and / or multifunctional hydroxyl compounds) residues (100 mole%) such that the total moles of repeating units is equal to 100 mole%. The mole percentages provided in the present disclosure, therefore, may be based on the total moles of acid residues, the total moles of diol residues, or the total moles of repeating units. For example, a polyester containing 30 mole% 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol, based on the total diol residues, means the polyester contains 30 mole%2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol residues out of a total of 100 mole%diol residues.
[0026] In one aspect of the invention, the copolyester composition comprises a copolyester that includes a diacid component. The diacid component may include from 90 to 100 mole %residues of terephthalic acid and optionally from 0 to 10 mole %of a modifying aromatic diacid having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and further optionally from 0 to 10 mole %residues of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid.
[0027] The terephthalic acid or an ester thereof, such as, for example, dimethyl terephthalate, or a mixture of terephthalic acid and an ester thereof, may make up most or all of the dicarboxylic acid component used to form the polyesters useful in the invention. In certain embodiments, terephthalic acid residues can make up a portion or all of the dicarboxylic acid component used to form the polyesters of the film or sheet of the invention at a concentration of at least 70 mole %, such as at least 80 mole %, at least 90 mole %, at least 95 mole %, at least 99 mole %, or even a mole %of 100. For the purposes of this disclosure, the terms terephthalic acid and "dimethyl terephthalate" are used interchangeably herein. In all embodiments, ranges of 70 to 100 mole %; or 80 to 100 mole %; or 90 to 100 mole %; or 99 to 100 mole %; or 100 mole %terephthalic acid and / or dimethyl terephthalate residues may be used.
[0028] In addition to terephthalic acid residues, the dicarboxylic acid component of the polyesters of the invention can comprise up to 30 mole %, up to 20 mole %, up to 10 mole %, up to 5 mole%, or up to 1 mole %of one or more modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acids. Yet another embodiment contains 0 mole %modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acids. Thus, if present, it is contemplated that the amount of one or more modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acids can range from any of these preceding endpoint values including, for example, from 0.01 to 20 mole %, from 0.01 to 5 mole %and from 0.01 to 1 mole %. In one embodiment, modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acids that may be used in the present invention include but are not limited to those having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and which can be linear, para-oriented, or symmetrical. Examples of modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acids which may be used in the invention include, but are not limited to, isophthalic acid, 4, 4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 1, 4-, 1, 5-, 2, 6-, 2, 7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and trans-4, 4'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid, and esters thereof. In one embodiment, the modifying aromatic dicarboxylic acid is isophthalic acid.
[0029] The diacid component of the invention can be further modified with up to 10 mole %, such as up to 5 mole %or up to 1 mole %of one or more aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing 2-16 carbon atoms, such as, for example, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic and dodecanedioic dicarboxylic acids. Certain embodiments can also comprise 0.01 or more mole %, such as 0.1 or more mole %, 1 or more mole %, 5 or more mole %, or 10 or more mole %of one or more modifying aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. Yet another embodiment contains 0 mole %modifying aliphatic dicarboxylic acids.
[0030] Esters of terephthalic acid and the other modifying dicarboxylic acids or their corresponding esters and / or salts may be used instead of the dicarboxylic acids. Suitable examples of dicarboxylic acid esters include, but are not limited to, the dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, diisopropyl, dibutyl, and diphenyl esters. In one embodiment, the esters are chosen from at least one of the following: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, and phenyl esters.
[0031] The glycol component of the polyester may include from 60 to 90 mole %cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) residues, optionally from 10 to 40 mole %2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1, 3-diol (TMCD) residues, and further optionally from 0 to 10 mole%of a modifying glycol having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
[0032] The mole %of the isomers of 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) in the glycol component may vary from 10 to 40 mole %of cis-2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol or trans-2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol. The mole %of 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) vary from 15 to 35 mole %; from 20 to 30 mole %; and the like.
[0033] The mole percent of cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) residues in the glycol component may from 60 to 90 mole %. The cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) may include 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol. The 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol may be cis, trans, or a mixture thereof.
[0034] The mole ratio of TMCD and CHDM residues in the glycol component may vary from about 20 to about 40 mole %TMCD and about 80 to about 60 mole %CHDM (on a TMCD and CHDM basis) . In one embodiment, the glycol component may have about 20 to about 30 mole %TMCD and about 80 to about 70 mole %CHDM. More particularly, the glycol component may have about 23 mole %TMCD and about 77 mole %CHDM. In another embodiment, the glycol component may have about 30 to about 40 mole %TMCD and about 70 to about 60 mole %CHDM. More particularly, the glycol component may have about 35 mole %TMCD and about 65 mole %CHDM.
[0035] The glycol component of the polyester portion of the polyester compositions of the invention can contain 20 mole %or less of one or more modifying glycols which are not 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol or 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol. In one embodiment, the polyesters of the invention may contain less than 15 mole %of one or more modifying glycols. In another embodiment, the polyesters of the invention can contain 10 mole %or less of one or more modifying glycols. In another embodiment, the polyesters useful with the invention can contain 5 mole %or less of one or more modifying glycols. In another embodiment, the polyesters of the invention can contain 3 mole %or less of one or more modifying glycols. In another embodiment, the polyesters of the invention can contain 0 mole %modifying glycols. Certain embodiments can also contain 0.01 or more mole %, such as 0.1 or more mole %, 1 or more mole %, 5 or more mole %, or 10 or more mole %of one or more modifying glycols.
[0036] Modifying glycols useful in the polyesters of the invention can refer to diols other than 2, 2, 4, 4, -tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol and 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol and may contain 2 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable modifying glycols include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, p-xylene glycol, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the modifying glycol is ethylene glycol. In another embodiment, the modifying glycols include, but are not limited to, 1, 3-propanediol and / or 1, 4-butanediol. In another embodiment, ethylene glycol is excluded as a modifying diol. In another embodiment, 1, 3-propanediol and 1, 4-butanediol are excluded as modifying diols. In another embodiment, 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol is excluded as a modifying diol.
[0037] In embodiments, the copolyester is a modified polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate (PCT) (or PCTM) . In embodiments, the PCTM is a PCT modified with TMCD.
[0038] The polyester compositions of the invention may exhibit any of the following inherent viscosities as determined in 60 / 40 (wt / wt) phenol / tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g / 100 ml at 25℃: less than 0.70 dL / g; 0.35 to 0.70 dL / g; 0.35 to less than 0.70 dL / g; 0.35 to 0.65 dL / g; 0.45 to 0.65 dL / g, and the like. Polyester compositions of the present invention having inherent viscosities of less than 0.70 dL / g have good flow properties. Some components of the polyester compositions of the present invention may have inherent viscosities of greater than 0.70 dL / g.
[0039] Glass fibers may include A glass (e.g., sodium lime silicate glass) ; C glass (e.g., calcium borosilicate glass) ; D glass (e.g., borosilicate glass) ; E glass (e.g., alumina-calcium-borosilicate glass) ; ECR glasses (e.g., calcium aluminosilicate glass) ; R glass (e.g., calcium aluminosilicate glass) ; and S-2 glass (e.g., magnesium aluminosilicate glass) . Typical, but non-limiting, refractive indexes for these material are: 1.538 (Aglass) , 1.533 (C glass) , 1.465 (D glass) , 1.558 (E glass) , 1.579 (ECR Glass) , 1.546 (R glass) , and 1.521 (S-2 glass) .
[0040] Glass fibers with refractive index about 1.55 to about 1.57, as measured according to ASTM D542, are useful with the present invention. Glass fibers with refractive index about 1.56 ± 0.05, as measured according to ASTM D542, are also useful with the present invention. Glass fibers with refractive index about 1.563 ± 0.005, as measured according to ASTM D542, are also useful with the present invention.
[0041] E glass fibers are especially useful with the invention. Such E glass fibers typically have major components of 52-56 wt. %SiO2, 12-16 wt. %Al2O3, 5-10 wt. %B3O3, 16-25 wt. %CaO. Such useful E glass fibers typically have a maximum of 2 wt. %alkali (such as Na2O and K2O) content.
[0042] Especially useful is a ESC10-4.5-534S glass fiber from China Jushi Co. Ltd. Such a glass fiber has a refractive index of about 1.562. A Chop HP 3540 fiber glass from PPG Industries, Inc. ( “PPG” ) is also a useful glass fiber. This glass fiber has a refractive index of about 1.564. Both of the glass fibers are E glass fibers. The polyester compositions of the invention have a refractive index of about 1.5651. The refractive indexes may be measured according to ASTM D542.
[0043] The glass fiber may be selected to have a refractive index substantially equal to a refractive index of the copolyester component of the present invention, as measured according to ASTM D542. In one embodiment, the refractive index of the glass fiber material may be from about 99%to about 101%of the refractive index of the copolyester component described herein. In another embodiment, the refractive index of the glass fiber material may be from about 99.5%to about 100.5%of the refractive index of the copolyester component described herein. In yet another embodiment, the refractive index of the glass fiber material may be from about 99.8%to about 100.2%of the refractive index of the copolyester component described herein.
[0044] The copolyester compositions of the invention may include an antioxidant. Antioxidants are chemicals used to interrupt degradation processes during the processing of materials. Antioxidants are classified into several classes, including primary antioxidant, and secondary antioxidant. “Primary antioxidants” are antioxidants that act by reacting with peroxide radicals via a hydrogen transfer to quench the radicals. Primary antioxidants generally contain reactive hydroxy or amino groups such as in hindered phenols and secondary aromatic amines. Examples of primary antioxidants include IrganoxTM 1010, 1076, 1726, 245, 1098, 259, and 1425; EthanoxTM 310, 376, 314, and 330; EvernoxTM 10, 76, 1335, 1330, 3114, MD 1024, 1098, 1726, 120.2246, and 565; AnoxTM 20, 29, 330, 70, IC-14, and 1315; LowinoxTM 520, 1790, 22IB46, 22M46, 44B25, AH25, GP45, CA22, CPL, HD98, TBM-6, and WSP; NaugardTM 431, PS48, SP, and 445; SongnoxTM 1010, 1024, 1035, 1076 CP, 1135 LQ, 1290 PW, 1330FF, 1330PW, 2590 PW, and 3114 FF; and ADK Stab AO-20, AO-30, AO-40, AO-50, AO-60, AO-80, and AO-330. “Secondary antioxidants” are often called hydroperoxide decomposers. They act by reacting with hydroperoxides to decompose them into nonreactive and thermally stable products that are not radicals. They are often used in conjunction with primary antioxidants. Examples of secondary antioxidants include the organophosphorous (e.g., phosphites, phosphonites) and organosulfur classes of compounds. The phosphorous and sulfur atoms of these compounds react with peroxides to convert the peroxides into alcohols. Examples of secondary antioxidants include Ultranox 626, EthanoxTM 368, 326, and 327; Doverphos TM LPG11, LPG12, DP S-680, 4, 10, S480, and S-9228; Evernox TM 168 and 626; IrgafosTM 126 and 168; WestonTM DPDP, DPP, EHDP, PDDP, TDP, TLP, and TPP; MarkTM CH 302, CH 55, TNPP, CH66, CH 300, CH 301, CH 302, CH 304, and CH 305; ADK Stab 2112, HP-10, PEP-8, PEP-36, 1178, 135A, 1500, 3010, C, and TPP; Weston 439, DHOP, DPDP, DPP, DPTDP, EHDP, PDDP, PNPG, PTP, PTP, TDP, TLP, TPP, 398, 399, 430, 705, 705T, TLTTP, and TNPP; Alkanox 240, 626, 626A, 627AV, 618F, and 619F; and SongnoxTM 1680 FF, 1680 PW, and 6280 FF.
[0045] The copolyester compositions of the invention may include a mold release component that comprises a mold release agent. In embodiments, the mold release agent can comprise one or more aliphatic carboxylic acids having a chain length from 14 to 22 carbon atoms. In embodiments, the mold release agent comprises one or more linear saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids having a chain length of from 14 to 22 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, the mold release agent comprises at least one carboxylic acid chosen from the group of lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, arachic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotinic acid, montanic acid, melissic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, petroselic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, gadoleic acid, icosenic acid, cetoleic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, calendic acid, elaeostearic acid, punicic acid, arachidonic acid, timnodonic acid, clupanodonic acid, cervonic acid, and also their technical mixtures. In embodiments, it may be preferred to use at least one carboxylic acid chosen from the group margaric acid, stearic acid, arachic acid and behenic acid, and in particular stearic acid.
[0046] In embodiments, the mold release agent can further comprise one or more additional components chosen from amide waxes, ester waxes and / or saponified waxes. In embodiments, the additional components contained in the mold release agent comprise one or more components chosen from polar and nonpolar polyethylene waxes, alpha-olefins, fatty acids or fatty acid alcohols. Use of such additional components leads to a corresponding reduction in the percentages by weight of the carboxylic acid components (discussed above) , in such a way that the sum of all of the percentages by weight in the mold release agent combination is always 100.
[0047] In embodiments, the fatty acids can be chosen from lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, arachic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotinic acid, montanic acid, melissic acid, and combinations thereof.
[0048] In embodiments, the fatty acid alcohols can be chosen from lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, daturyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol, cerotyl alcohol, montanyl alcohol, and combinations thereof.
[0049] In embodiments, the mold release component is in the form of a mold release concentrate that comprises a polymeric carrier and the mold release agent. In embodiments, the polymeric carrier comprises the same copolyester as the copolyester component. In embodiments, the mold release component may include a colorant or pigment to provide a light diffusion effect while still being substantially transparent. In embodiments, the polymeric carrier comprises a copolyester that is different from the copolyester component. In embodiments, the polymeric carrier comprises at least one copolyester comprising: (i) a diacid component comprising: from 90 to 100 mole %residues of terephthalic acid, from 0 to 10 mole %of a modifying aromatic diacid having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and from 0 to 10 mole %residues of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid; and (ii) a glycol component comprising: from 60 to 90 mole %cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) residues, from 10 to 40 mole %2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1, 3- diol (TMCD) residues, and from 0 to 10 mole%of a modifying glycol having 2 to 20 carbon atoms; wherein the inherent viscosity of the at least one copolyester is greater than 0.7 up to 1.2 dL / g or less as determined in 60 / 40 (wt / wt) phenol / tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g / 100 ml at 25℃.
[0050] In embodiments, the mold release agent is present in the mold release concentrate in an amount from 1 to 10, or 1 to 8, or 1 to 5 wt%, based on the weight of the mold release concentrate. In embodiments, the mold release agent is present in the copolyester composition in an amount from 0.01 to 0.3, or 0.05 to 0.25, or 0.1 to 0.2 wt%, based on the total copolyester composition.
[0051] In embodiments, the at least one copolyester may be present in an amount from 10 to 90, or 15 to 90, or 20 to 90, or 25 to 90, or 30 to 90, or 35 to 90, or 40 to 90, or 45 to 90, or 50 to 90, or 55 to 90, or 60 to 90, or 65 to 90, or 70 to 90, or 75 to 90, or 10 to 85, or 15 to 85, or 20 to 85, or 25 to 85, or 30 to 85, or 35 to 85, or 40 to 85, or 45 to 85, or 50 to 85, or 55 to 85, or 60 to 85, or 65 to 85, or 70 to 85, or 75 to 85, or 10 to 80, or 15 to 80, or 20 to 80, or 25 to 80, or 30 to 80, or 35 to 80, or 40 to 80, or 45 to 80, or 50 to 80, or 55 to 80, or 60 to 80, or 65 to 80, or 70 to 80, or 10 to 75, or 15 to 75, or 20 to 75, or 25 to 75, or 30 to 75, or 35 to 75, or 40 to 75, or 45 to 75, or 50 to 75, or 55 to 75, or 60 to 75, or 65 to 75, or 10 to 70, or 15 to 70, or 20 to 70, or 25 to 70, or 30 to 70, or 35 to 70, or 40 to 70, or 45 to 70, or 50 to 70, or 55 to 70, or 60 to 70, or 10 to 65, or 15 to 65, or 20 to 65, or 25 to 65, or 30 to 65, or 35 to 65, or 40 to 65, or 45 to 65, or 50 to 65, or 55 to 65, or 10 to 60, or 15 to 60, or 20 to 60, or 25 to 60, or 30 to 60, or 35 to 60, or 40 to 60, or 45 to 60, or 50 to 60, or 10 to 55, or 15 to 55, or 20 to 55, or 25 to 55, or 30 to 55, or 35 to 55, or 40 to 55, or 45 to 55, or 10 to 50, or 15 to 50, or 20 to 50, or 25 to 50, or 30 to 50, or 35 to 50, or 40 to 50, or 10 to 45, or 15 to 45, or 20 to 45, or 25 to 45, or 30 to 45, or 35 to 45, or 10 to 40, or 15 to 40, or 20 to 40, or 25 to 40, or 30 to 40, or 10 to 35, or 15 to 35, or 20 to 35, or 25 to 35, or 10 to 30, or 15 to 30, or 20 to 30 weight %, based on the total weight of the copolyester composition.
[0052] In embodiments, the copolyester composition may have a heat deflection temperature (HDT) of at least 75, or at least 78, or at least 80, or at least 85, or at least 90, or at least 95℃, measured according to ASTM D648 at 0.455 MPa. In embodiments, the HDT is from 75 to 140℃, or 78 to 140℃, or 80 to 140℃, or 85 to 140℃, or 90 to 140℃, or 95 to 140℃, 75 to 130℃, or 78 to 130℃, or 80 to 130℃, or 85 to 130℃, or 90 to 130℃, or 95 to 130℃, 75 to 120℃, or 78 to 120℃, or 80 to 120℃, or 85 to 120℃, or 90 to 120℃, or 95 to 120℃, 75 to 110℃, or 78 to 110℃, or 80 to 110℃, or 85 to 110℃, or 90 to 110℃, or 95 to 110℃, measured according to ASTM D648 at 0.455 MPa.
[0053] In embodiments, the copolyester composition may have a transmittance of greater than 30%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque. In embodiments, the copolyester composition may have a transmittance of greater than 65%, or greater than 70%, or greater than 75%, or greater than 80%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque. In embodiments, the copolyester composition may have a transmittance of 65 to 90%, or 70 to 90%, or 75 to 90%, or 80 to 90%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque.
[0054] In embodiments, the copolyester composition may have a haze of less than 100%, or less than 95%, or less than 90%, or less than 85%, or less than 80%, or less than 75%, or less than 70%, or less than 65%, or less than 60%, or less than 55%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque. In embodiments, the copolyester composition may have a haze of 50 to 95%, or 50 to 90%, or 50 to 85%, or 50 to 80%, or 50 to 75%, or 50 to 70%, or 50 to 65%, or 50 to 60%, or 55 to 95%, or 55 to 90%, or 55 to 85%, or 55 to 80%, or 55 to 75%, or 55 to 70%, or 55 to 65%, or 55 to 60%, or 60 to 95%, or 60 to 90%, or 60 to 85%, or 60 to 80%, or 60 to 75%, or 60 to 70%, or 60 to 65%, or 65 to 95%, or 65 to 90%, or 65 to 85%, or 65 to 80%, or 65 to 75%, or 65 to 70%, or 70 to 95%, or 70 to 90%, or 70 to 85%, or 70 to 80%, or 70 to 75%, or 75 to 95%, or 75 to 90%, or 75 to 85%, or 75 to 80%, 80 to 95%, or 80 to 90%, or 80 to 85%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque.
[0055] In embodiments, the copolyester composition may have a spiral flow greater than 8 inches (20.3 cm) , or greater than 8.5 inches (21.6 cm) , or greater than 9 inches (22.9 cm) , or greater than 9.5 inches (24.1 cm) , or greater than 10 inches (25.4 cm) , or greater than 10.5 inches (26.7 cm) , or greater than 11 inches (27.9 cm) , or greater than 11.5 inches (29.2 cm) , or greater than 12 inches (30.5 cm) , or greater than 12.5 inches (31.75 cm) , or greater than 13 inches (33.0 cm) , or greater than 13.5 inches (34.3 cm) , or greater than 14 inches (35.6 cm) , or greater than 14.5 inches (36.8 cm) , or greater than 15 inches (38.1 cm) , or greater than 15.5 inches (39.4 cm) , or greater than 16 inches (40.6 cm) , or greater than 16.5 inches (41.9 cm) , or greater than 17 inches (43.2 cm) , or greater than 17.5 inches (44.5 cm) , or greater than 18 inches (45.7 cm) . In embodiments, the copolyester composition may have a spiral flow from 20 to 50, or 20 to 45, or 20 to 40, or 20 to 35, or 20 to 30, or 20 to 25, or 25 to 50, or 25 to 45, or 25 to 40, or 25 to 35, or 25 to 30, or 30 to 50, or 30 to 45, or 30 to 40, or 30 to 35, or 35 to 50, or 35 to 45, or 35 to 40, or 40 to 50, or 40 to 45, or 45 to 50, or 20 to 24, or 20 to 23, or 20 to 22, or 20 to 21 cm.
[0056] Spiral flow was determined as follows: a reciprocating screw injection molding machine having 150 tons of clamping force with a screw diameter of 32 mm was equipped with a water-cooled, cold runner mold with a spiral-shaped cavity having dimensions of 5mm wide x 2mm deep x 66 inch in length was used. The cavity was fed directedly via a 35mm long cold sprue with a nominal 7mm diameter and 3-degree taper. Variables controlled for the range of experimentation included resin drying, injection unit barrel temperature, mold temperature, initial injection speed, injection pressure limit, screw rotation speed and back pressure on screw recovery, injection time, and cycle time. For each combination of variables, responses included actual melt temperature and distance of melt travel in the spiral-shaped cavity, excluding the runner and gate. The injection process was allowed to stabilize at each set of conditions -typically 10 to 15 shots -and the last5 molded specimens were collected for an average reported flow length. All materials were molded using pressure control, with a melt temperature of 270℃, a mold temperature of 50℃, initial injection speed of 100 mm / s, injection unit pressure limit of 2000 bar, injection time of 1 s, cycle time of 35 s, screw rotation speed of 100 rpm, and screw back pressure of 80 bar.
[0057] In embodiments, the copolyester composition may have a melt flow rate (MFR) greater than 15 g / 10 min measured at 280 ℃ with a 5 kg load according to ASTM D1238. In embodiments, the copolyester composition may have a melt flow rate (MFR) greater than 25, or greater than 30, or greater than 35 g / 10 min measured at 280 ℃ with a 5 kg load according to ASTM D1238. In embodiments, the copolyester composition may have a melt flow rate (MFR) greater than 25, or greater than 30, or greater than 35 g / 10 min measured at 280 ℃ with a 5 kg load according to ASTM D1238.
[0058] The copolyester compositions of the invention may have color values L*, a*and b*which can be determined using a Hunter Lab Ultrascan Spectra Colorimeter manufactured by Hunter Associates Lab Inc., Reston, Va. The color determinations are averages of values measured on either pellets of the polyesters or plaques or other items injection molded or extruded from them. They are determined by the L*a*b*color system of the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) (translated) , wherein L*represents the lightness coordinate, a*represents the red / green coordinate, and b*represents the yellow / blue coordinate. In certain embodiments, the b*values for the polyesters useful in the film or sheet of the invention can be from -10 to less than 10 and the L*values can be from 50 to 98. Yellowness Index (YI) can be determined by ASTM E313. YI values can be from 1 to 10, or 1 to 9, or 1 to 8, or 1 to 7, or 1 to 6, or 1 to 5, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 3, or 2 to 10, or 2 to 9, or 2 to 8, or 2 to 7, or 2 to 6, or 2 to 5, or 2 to 4, or 4 to 10, or 4 to 9, or 4 to 8, or 4 to 7, or 4 to 6. In certain embodiments, YI values can be from 20 to 40, or 20 to 35, or 20 to 20, or 20 to 25, or 25 to 40, or 25 to 35, or 25 to 30.
[0059] The copolyester compositions of the invention are further detailed in the following, non-limiting, examples. EXAMPLES
[0060] Raw materials used in the examples are listed in Table 1. Table 1. Listing of Raw Materials
[0061] Copolyesters compositions with TX1001 polyester component and a CHOPVANTAGE HP 3540 glass fiber are available from Eastman Chemical and are shown as comparative compositions in Table 6. A higher flow TX1501 HF polyester component available from Eastman Chemical was combined with ECS10-4.5-534A glass fiber to provide inventive compositions in Table 5. Additionally, blend polymers containing monomers, such as PCT, PCTA, PCCD, PCTG, PETG or PETg, PET or rPET, and / or PC, were used to adjust overall flowability, light transmittance, and / or light haze. As noted above, the blend polymers may have a higher flowability (MFR) than the polyester component and varying refractive index properties as desired.
[0062] In embodiments, the blend polymer is present in an amount from 5 to 60, or 10 to 60, or 15 to 60, 20 to 60, or 25 to 60, or 30 to 60, or 35 to 60, or 40 to 60, or 45 to 60, or 50 to 60, or 55 to 60, or 5 to 50, or 10 to 50, or 15 to 50, 20 to 50, or 25 to 50, or 30 to 50, or 35 to 50, or 40 to 50, or 45 to 50, or 5 to 45, or 10 to 45, or 15 to 45, 20 to 45, or 25 to 45, or 30 to 45, or 35 to 45, or 40 to 45, or 5 to 40, or 10 to 40, or 15 to 40, 20 to 40, or 25 to 40, or 30 to 40, or 35 to 40, or 5 to 35, or 10 to 35, or 15 to 35, 20 to 35, or 25 to 35, or 30 to 35, or 5 to 30, or 10 to 30, or 15 to 30, 20 to 30, or 25 to 30, or 5 to 25, or 10 to 25, or 15 to 25, 20 to 25, or 5 to 20, or 10 to 20, or 5 to 15, or 10 to 15, or 5 to 10 weight %, based on the total weight of the copolyester composition. In one embodiment, the blend polymer is PCTA. In certain embodiments, the blend polymer is chosen from PCT, PCCD, PCTG, PETG or PC, and is present in an amount from 10 to 30, or 15 to 30, 20 to 30, or 25 to 30, or 10 to 25, or 15 to 25, 20 to 25, or 10 to 20, or 15 to 20, or 10 to 15 weight %, based on the total weight of the copolyester composition. In certain embodiments, the blend polymer is chosen from PCCD, PET, rPET or PC, and is present in an amount from 5 to 20, or 5 to 15, 5 to 10, or 10 to 20, or 10 to 15, or 15 to 20 weight %, based on the total weight of the copolyester composition. Processing
[0063] Compounding was conducted on a 26 mm twin screw extruder (Coperion ZSK 26 Mc18) . All compositions in formulations below, except the glass fiber, were mixed and fed from one feeder into the extruder with processing conditions in Table 2. The glass fiber was fed from a side feeder. Table 2. Extrusion Processing Conditions Table 3. Injection Parameters:
[0064] Injection molding for property evaluation was conducted on FANUC100 injection machines. Properties were determined, including density, melt flow rate (MFR) , spiral flow, heat deflection temperature (HDT) , optical (color, transmittance and haze) , and physical properties (impact, tensile and flexural) . Results
[0065] Copolyester components used in the examples are detailed in Table 4 below. Table 4. Copolyester Components Tested Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm.
[0066] Inventive copolyester compositions with varying glass fiber content were prepared as shown in Table 5 below. The glass fiber content was controlled at 10 wt. %, 20 wt. %and 30 wt. %, denoted hereinbelow as “G10” , “G20” , and “G30” , respectively. Table 5. Inventive Copolyester Compositions with Varying Glass Fiber Content Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm.
[0067] Comparative copolyester compositions with varying glass fiber content were prepared as shown in Table 6 below. The glass fiber content was controlled at 10 wt. %, 20 wt. %and 30 wt. %, again denoted hereinbelow as “G10” , “G20” , and “G30” , respectively. Table 6. Comparative Copolyester Compositions with Varying Glass Fiber Content Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm.
[0068] A review of tables 5 and 6 reveals that the inventive compositions have improved flowability mass or melt flow rate (MFR) , increased flexural modulus, and improved optical properties (transmittance and haze) over the comparative compositions. The inventive compositions have improved flowability of about 30%to 60%over the comparative compositions on a MFR (280℃ / 5Kg) basis and about 1%to 25%on a spiral flow basis. The inventive compositions have improved flexural modulus of about 2%to 10 %over the comparative compositions. The inventive compositions have improved transmittance of about 1%to 5 %over the comparative compositions. The inventive compositions have improved haze of about 10%to 30 %over the comparative compositions. Such improvements permit the copolymer / glass fiber composition of the invention to have, inter alia, a melt flow rate (MFR) greater than 25 g / 10 min measured at 280 ℃ with a 5 kg load according to ASTM D1238; a spiral flow rate greater than 7 measured at test conditions in Note (1) above; and / or a flexural modulus greater than 3000 MPa, measured according to ASTM D790; and / or a transmittance of greater than 75%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque; and / or a haze of less than 90%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque.
[0069] Inventive compositions with 20 wt. %glass fiber and varying amounts of polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate (PCT) were prepared as shown below in Table 7. Table 7. Inventive Copolyester Compositions with Varying PCT Concentrations Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm.
[0070] PCT was added to copolyester Inventive Composition G20 at 10 wt. %, 20 wt. %, and 30 wt. %to provide copolyester Inventive Compositions G20-PCT-1, G20-PCT-2, and G20-PCT-3, respectively. These compositions were tested as noted above. The copolyester inventive compositions with PCT maintained the superior performance in properties of, inter alia, flowability; flexure modulus, transmittance, and haze experienced by the copolyester Inventive Composition 2. In other words, copolyester Inventive Compositions G20-PCT-1, G20-PCT-2, and G20-PCT-3 had superior properties of, inter alia, flowability; flexure modulus, transmittance, and haze as compared to the Comparative Composition G20 at equal glass fiber contents. Thus, the flowability; flexure modulus, transmittance, and haze of the copolyester composition of the present invention may be adjusted by the addition of up to about 30 wt. %PCT without adversely impacting these properties.
[0071] Inventive compositions with 20 wt. %glass fiber and varying amounts of 3, 6, 9, 15-tetraazabicyclo [9.3.1] pentadeca-1 (15) , 11, 13-triene-3, 6, 9-triacetic acid (PCTA) were prepared as shown below in Tables 8-1 and 8-2. Additionally, comparative examples are shown below in Table 8-2. Table 8-1. Inventive Compositions with Varying PCTA Concentrations Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm. Table 8-2. Inventive Compositions with Varying PCTA Concentrations and Additional Comparative Comparisons Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm.
[0072] PCTA was added to copolyester Inventive Composition G20 at 10 wt. %, 20 wt. %, 30 wt. %, 40 wt. %, 45 wt. %, and 65 wt. %to provide copolyester Inventive Compositions G20-PCTA-1, G20-PCTA-2, G20-PCTA-3, G20-PCTA-4, G20-PCTA-5, and G20-PCTA-6, respectively. These compositions were tested as noted above. The copolyester inventive compositions with PCTA maintained the superior performance in properties of, inter alia, flowability; flexure modulus, transmittance, and haze experienced by the copolyester Inventive Composition G20. In other words, copolyester Inventive Compositions G20-PCTA-1, G20-PCTA-2, G20-PCTA-3, G20-G20-PCTA-4, G20-PCTA-5, and G20-PCTA-6 had superior properties of, inter alia, flowability; flexure modulus, transmittance, and haze as compared to the Comparative Composition G20 at equal glass fiber contents. At concentrations of about 40 wt. %and higher of PCTA, the heat deflection temperature (HDT @0.455 MPa) dropped below 90 ℃. Also, PCTA without addition of the inventive copolyester composition had significantly lower heat deflection temperature (HDT @0.455 MPa) . Thus, the flowability; flexure modulus, transmittance, and haze of the copolyester composition of the present invention may be adjusted by the addition of up to about 30 wt. %PCTA without adversely impacting these properties.
[0073] Moreover, the Inventive Compositions, especially G20-PCTA-1, G20-PCTA-2, and G20-PCTA-3, had superior properties over Comparative Compositions G20-4a and G20-4b. Comparative Composition G20-4a contained 20 wt. %glass fiber and PCTA as the other predominant constituent. Comparative Composition G20-4b contained basically PCTA.
[0074] Inventive compositions with 20 wt. %glass fiber and varying amounts of poly (1, 4-cyclohexylenedimethylene 1, 4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PCCD) were prepared were prepared as shown below in Tables 9-1 and 9-2. Additionally, comparative examples are shown below in Table 9-2. Table 9-1. Inventive Compositions with Varying PCCD Concentrations Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm. Table 9-2. Inventive Compositions with Varying PCCD Concentrations and Additional Comparative Compositions Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm.
[0075] PCCD was added to copolyester Inventive Composition G20 at 15 wt. %, 10 wt. %, and 15 wt. %to provide copolyester Inventive Compositions G20-PCCD -1, G20-PCCD, and G20-PCCD -3, respectively. These compositions were tested as noted above. The copolyester inventive compositions with PCCD maintained the superior performance in properties of, inter alia, flowability; flexure modulus, transmittance, and haze experienced the copolyester Inventive Composition G20. In other words, copolyester Inventive Compositions G20-PCCD -1, G20-PCCD, and G20-PCCD -3 had superior properties of, inter alia, flowability; flexure modulus, transmittance, and haze as compared to the Comparative Composition G20 at equal glass fiber contents. PCCD without addition of the inventive copolyester composition had significantly lower heat deflection temperature (HDT @0.455 MPa) . Thus, the flowability; flexure modulus, transmittance, and haze of the copolyester composition of the present invention may be adjusted by the addition of up to about 15 wt. %PCTA without adversely impacting these properties.
[0076] Comparative Composition G20-5a was prepared with predominately PCCD and 20 wt. %glass fiber. The heat deflection temperature (HDT @0.455 MPa) was unacceptably low for this comparative composition.
[0077] Inventive compositions with 20 wt. %glass fiber and varying amounts of polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate glycol (PCTG) were prepared were prepared as shown below in Table 10. Additionally, a comparative example is included below in Table 10. Table 10. Inventive Compositions with Varying PCTG Concentrations and an Additional Comparative Composition Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm.
[0078] PCTG was added to copolyester Inventive Composition G20 at 10 wt. %, 30 wt. %, and 50 wt. %to provide copolyester Inventive Compositions G20-PCTG -1, G20-PCTG, and G20-PCTG -3, respectively. These compositions were tested as noted above. The copolyester inventive compositions with PCTG maintained the superior performance in properties of, inter alia, flowability; flexure modulus, transmittance, and haze experienced by the copolyester Inventive Composition G20. In other words, copolyester Inventive Compositions G20-PCTG-1, G20-PCTG-3, and G20-PCTG -3 had superior properties of, inter alia, flowability; flexure modulus, transmittance, and haze as compared to the Comparative Composition G20 at equal glass fiber contents. At concentrations of about 50 wt. %, the HDT @ 0.455 MPa dropped below 90 ℃. PCTG without addition of the inventive copolyester composition had significantly lower heat deflection temperature (HDT @0.455 MPa) . Thus, the flowability; flexure modulus, transmittance, and haze of the copolyester composition of the present invention may be adjusted by the addition of up to about 30 wt. %PCTG without adversely impacting these properties.
[0079] Comparative Composition G20-6 represented 20 wt. %glass fiber in essentially PCTG. Comparative Composition G20-6 had, inter alia, unacceptably low heat deflection temperature (HDT @0.455 MPa) .
[0080] Inventive compositions with 20 wt. %glass fiber and varying amounts of Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) were prepared were prepared as shown below in Tables 11-1 and 11-2. Additionally, comparative examples are included below in Tables 11-1 and 11-2. Table 11-1. Inventive Compositions with Varying PETG Concentrations and Comparative Compositions Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm. Table 11-2. Inventive Compositions with Varying PETG Concentrations and Comparative Compositions Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm.
[0081] PETG was added to copolyester Inventive Composition G20 at 10 wt. %, 30 wt. %, 10 wt. %, 20 wt. %, 10 wt. %, and 200 wt. %to provide copolyester Inventive Compositions G20-PETG -1, G20-PETG-2, G20-PETg-1, G20-PETg-2, G20-PETg-4, and G20-PETg-5, respectively. These compositions were tested as noted above. The copolyester inventive compositions with PCTG maintained the superior performance in properties of, inter alia, flowability and flexure modulus experienced by the copolyester Inventive Composition G20. Transmittance was reduced with the addition of PETG. Thus, copolyester Inventive Compositions G20-PETG-1, G20-PETG-2, G20-PETg-1, G20-PETg-2, G20-PETg-4, and G20-PETg-5 had superior properties of, inter alia, flowability and flexure modulus as compared to the Comparative Composition G20 at equal glass fiber contents. PETG without addition of the inventive copolyester composition had significantly lower heat deflection temperature (HDT @0.455 MPa) . Thus, the flowability and flexure modulus of the copolyester composition of the present invention may be adjusted by the addition of up to about 30 wt. %PETG without adversely impacting these properties.
[0082] Comparative Compositions G20-7, G20-8, and G20-9 were prepared with 20 wt. %glass fiber and predominantly PETG or PETg. These Comparative Compositions had, inter alia, unacceptably low heat deflection temperatures (HDT @0.455 MPa) .
[0083] Inventive compositions with 20 wt. %glass fiber and varying amounts of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) were prepared were prepared as shown below in Tables 12-1 and 12-2. Additionally, comparative examples are shown below in Table 12-2. Table 12-1. Inventive Compositions with Varying rPET Concentrations Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm. Table 12-2. Inventive Compositions with Varying rPET Concentrations and Comparative Composition Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm.
[0084] rPET was added to copolyester Inventive Composition G20 at 5 wt. %, 10 wt. %, 15 wt. %, and 20 wt. %to provide copolyester Inventive Compositions G20-rPET-1, G20-rPET-2, G20-rPET-3, and G20-rPET-4, respectively. These compositions were tested as noted above. The copolyester inventive compositions with rPET maintained the superior performance in properties of, inter alia, flowability and flexure modulus experienced the copolyester Inventive Composition G20. Transmittance was reduced with the addition of rPET. Thus, copolyester Inventive Compositions G20-rPET-1, G20-rPET-2, G20-rPET-3, and G20-rPET-4 had superior properties of, inter alia, flowability and flexure modulus as compared to the Comparative Composition G20 at equal glass fiber contents. rPET without addition of the inventive copolyester composition had significantly lower heat deflection temperature (HDT @0.455 MPa) . Thus, the flowability and flexure modulus of the copolyester composition of the present invention may be adjusted by the addition of up to about 20 wt. %rPET without adversely impacting these properties.
[0085] Comparative Composition G20-10 was prepared with 20 wt. %glass fiber and predominately PET. Comparative Composition G20-10 had, inter alia, unacceptably low heat deflection temperature (HDT @0.455 MPa) .
[0086] Inventive compositions with 20 wt. %glass fiber and varying amounts of Polycarbonate (PC) were prepared were prepared as shown below in Tables 13-1 and 13-2. Additionally, comparative examples are included below in Table 13-2. Table 13-1. Inventive Compositions with Varying PC Concentrations Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm. Table 13-2. Inventive Compositions with Varying PC Concentrations and Comparative Composition Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm.
[0087] PC was added to copolyester Inventive Composition G20 at 10 wt. %, 30wt. %, and 50 wt. %to provide copolyester Inventive Compositions G20-PC-1, G20-PC-2, and G20-PC-3, respectively. These compositions were tested as noted above. The copolyester inventive compositions with PC maintained the superior performance in properties of, inter alia, flowability and flexure modulus experienced by the copolyester Inventive Composition G20. Transmittance was reduced with the addition of PC. Thus, copolyester Inventive Compositions G20-PC-1, G20-PC-2, and G20-PC-3 had superior properties of, inter alia, flowability, HDT, haze and flexure modulus as compared to the Comparative Composition G20 at equal glass fiber contents. PC without addition of the inventive copolyester composition had higher heat deflection temperature (HDT @0.455 MPa) . Thus, the flowability, HDT haze and flexure modulus of the copolyester composition of the present invention may be adjusted by the addition of up to about 10 wt. %PC without adversely impacting these properties.
[0088] Comparative Composition G20-11 was prepared with 20 wt. %glass fiber and predominately PC. Comparative Composition G20-11 had, inter alia, unacceptably low flow ability.
[0089] Inventive compositions with 10 wt. %glass fiber and varying amounts of 3, 6, 9, 15-tetraazabicyclo [9.3.1] pentadeca-1 (15) , 11, 13-triene-3, 6, 9-triacetic acid (PCTA) were prepared were prepared as shown below in Tables 13-1 and 13-2. Table 14-1. Inventive Compositions with 10 wt. %Glass Fiber and Varying Amounts of PCTA Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm. Table 14-2. Inventive Compositions with 10 wt. %Glass Fiber and Varying Amounts of PCTA Note (1) : Spiral Flow Test Settings: Injection pressure 2000 bar, injection speed 100 mm / s, melt temp. 270 ℃, mold temp. 50 ℃, injection time 1 sec., sample thickness 2 mm.
[0090] PCTA was added to copolyester Inventive Composition G10 at 10 wt. %, 20 wt. %, 30 wt. %, 40 wt. %, 55 wt. %, and 70 wt. %to provide copolyester Inventive Compositions G10-PCTA-1, G10-PCTA-2, G10-PCTA-3, G10-PCTA-4, G10-PCTA-5, and G10-PCTA-6, respectively. These compositions were tested as noted above. The copolyester inventive compositions with PCTA maintained the superior performance in properties of, inter alia, flowability, flexure modulus, transmittance, and haze experienced by the copolyester Inventive Composition G10. The heat deflection temperature (HDT @0.455 MPa) remained above 90 ℃ for concentrations up to 10 plus wt. %PCTA. Thus, copolyester Inventive Compositions G10-PCTA-1, G10-PCTA-2, G10-PCTA-3, G10-PCTA-4, G10-PCTA-5, and G10-PCTA-6 had superior properties of, inter alia, flowability, transmittance, haze and flexure modulus as compared to the Comparative Composition G10 at equal glass fiber contents. Thus, the flowability, transmittance, haze and flexure modulus of the copolyester composition of the present invention may be adjusted by the addition of up to about 30 wt. %PCTA without adversely impacting these properties while providing superior heat deflection temperature (HDT @0.455 MPa) .
[0091] Comparative Composition G10-1 was prepared with 10 wt. %glass fiber and predominately PCTA. Comparative Composition G10-1 had, inter alia, unacceptably low heat deflection temperature (HDT @0.455 MPa) .
[0092] Inventive compositions with 30 wt. %glass fiber and varying amounts of 3, 6, 9, 15-tetraazabicyclo [9.3.1] pentadeca-1 (15) , 11, 13-triene-3, 6, 9-triacetic acid (PCTA) were prepared were prepared as shown below in Tables 15-1 and 15-2. Table 15-1. Inventive Compositions with 30 wt. %Glass Fiber and Varying Amounts of PCTA Table 15-2. Inventive Compositions with 30 wt. %Glass Fiber and Varying Amounts of PCTA
[0093] PCTA was added to copolyester Inventive Composition G30 at 10 wt. %, 30 wt. %, and 50 wt. %to provide copolyester Inventive Compositions G30-PCTA-1, G30-PCTA-2, and G30-PCTA-3, respectively. These compositions were tested as noted above. The copolyester inventive compositions with PCTA maintained the superior performance in properties of, inter alia, flowability, flexure modulus, transmittance, and haze experienced by the copolyester Inventive Composition G30. The HDT @ 0.455 MPa remained well above 90 ℃ for concentrations up to about 10 plus wt. %PCTA. Thus, copolyester Inventive Compositions G30-PCTA-1, G30-PCTA-2, and G30-PCTA-3 had superior properties of, inter alia, flowability, transmittance, haze and flexure modulus as compared to the Comparative Composition G30 at equal glass fiber contents. Thus, the flowability, transmittance, haze and flexure modulus of the copolyester composition of the present invention may be adjusted by the addition of up to about 10 and greater wt. %PCTA without adversely impacting these properties while providing superior HDT @0.455 MPa.
[0094] The invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments disclosed herein, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be affected within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims
1.A copolyester composition comprising:(a) from 10 to 90, or 20 to 90, or 30 to 90 weight %of a copolyester component that comprises at least one copolyester, said at least one copolyester comprising:(i) a diacid component comprising:from 90 to 100 mole %residues of terephthalic acid,from 0 to 10 mole %of a modifying aromatic diacid having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms, andfrom 0 to 10 mole %residues of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid; and(ii) a glycol component comprising:from 60 to 90 mole %cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) residues,from 10 to 40 mole %2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1, 3-diol (TMCD) residues, andfrom 0 to 10 mole%of a modifying glycol having 2 to 20 carbon atoms;wherein the inherent viscosity of the at least one copolyester is 0.7 dL / g or less as determined in 60 / 40 (wt / wt) phenol / tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g / 100 ml at 25 ℃, andwherein the weight %is based on the weight of the total copolyester composition, and wherein the total mole %of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %and the total mole %of the glycol component is 100 mole %;(b) from 5 to 50 weight %of a reinforcing material component that comprises a glass reinforcing material; and(c) from 1 to 50 weight %of at least one additional polymer having a flowability greater than a flowability of the copolyester component;wherein the copolyester composition has a melt flow rate (MFR) greater than 25 g / 10 min measured at 280 ℃ with a 5 kg load according to ASTM D1238;wherein the copolyester composition has a heat deflection temperature (HDT) greater than 78℃, measured according to ASTM D648 at 0.455 MPa; andwherein the copolyester composition has a transmittance of greater than 65%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque.2.The copolyester composition of claim 1, wherein the copolyester composition has a melt flow rate (MFR) greater than 10 g / 10 min measured at 280 ℃ with a 2.16 kg load according to ASTM D1238.3.The copolyester composition of claim 1, wherein the copolyester composition has a spiral flow greater than 8 mm measured at injection pressure of 2000 bar, injection speed of 100 mm / s, melt temperature of 270 ℃, mold temperature of 50 ℃, injection time of 1 sec., and sample thickness 2 mm.4.The copolyester composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one additional polymer incudes a monomer selected from the group consisting of cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) , terephthalic acid (TPA) , isopropenyl acetate (IPA) , 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) , ethylene glycol (EG) , dimethyl 1, 4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate (DMCD) and / or bisphenol A monomers; and combinations thereof.5.The copolyester composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one additional polymer is selected from the group consisting of polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate (PCT) , 3, 6, 9, 15-Tetraazabicyclo [9.3.1] pentadeca-1 (15) , 11, 13-triene-3, 6, 9-triacetic acid (PCTA) , poly (1, 4-cyclohexylenedimethylene 1, 4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PCCD) , cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate glycol (PCTG) , polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) , polycarbonate (PC) and combinations thereof.6.The copolyester composition of claim 1, wherein the glass reinforcing material comprises an E-glass fiber material.7.The copolyester composition of claim 1, wherein the glass reinforcing material comprises an alumina-calcium-borosilicate glass fiber material.8.The copolyester composition of claim 3, wherein the glass reinforcing material comprises an alumina-calcium-borosilicate glass fiber material having about 2 weight %alkali or less than 2 weight %alkali.9.The copolyester composition of claim 1, wherein the glass reinforcing material has a refractive index substantially equal to a refractive index of the copolyester component, as measured according to ASTM D542, preferably from 99%to 101%of the refractive index of the copolyester component, as measured according to ASTM D542.10.The copolyester composition of claim 5, wherein the refractive index of the glass reinforcing material and the refractive index of the copolyester component are from about 1.55 to about 1.57, as measured according to ASTM D542.11.The copolyester composition of claim 1, wherein the copolyester composition has a haze of less than 95%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque.12.The copolyester composition of claim 1, wherein the copolyester composition has a heat deflection temperature (HDT) greater than 85℃, measured according to ASTM D648 at 0.455 MPa.13.The copolyester composition of claim 1, wherein the copolyester composition has a transmittance of greater than 75%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque.14.The copolyester composition of claim 1, wherein the copolyester composition has a transmittance of greater than 80%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque.15.The copolyester composition of claim 1, wherein the copolyester composition has a melt flow rate (MFR) greater than 10 g / 10 min measured at 280 ℃ with a 2.16 kg load according to ASTM D1238.16.The copolyester composition of claim 1, wherein the glass reinforcing material from 5 to 50 weight %.17.The copolyester composition of claim 1, wherein the copolyester composition has a haze of less than 90%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque.18.The copolyester composition of claim 1, wherein the copolyester composition has a haze of less than 85%, measured according to ASTM D1003 using a 3 mm plaque.19.An article comprising a transparent or translucent component, wherein the component comprises the copolyester composition of claim 1.20.The article of claim 19, wherein the article is a consumer electronic device.21.The article of claim 20, wherein the article is a phone or tablet cover, or phone or tablet frame.22.The article of claim 20, wherein the article is a computer keyboard.23.The article of claim 22, wherein the component is a keycap or a keyboard scissor on a computer keyboard.