Cleansing bar compositions and bars made therefrom

Abstract

A cleansing bar composition comprises 40 to 75% by weight of C16 to C24 saturated soap, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition; 20 to 45% by weight of C18 unsaturated soap, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition; greater than or equal to 2% by weight of a potassium soap, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition; and greater than or equal to 1% by weight of a polymeric agent, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition.

Description

[0001] P0001157 COM

[0002] 1

[0003] CLEANSING BAR COMPOSITIONS AND BARS MADE THEREFROM

[0004] Field of the invention

[0005] 5 Disclosed herein is a cleansing bar composition. The cleansing bar comprises saturated soap, unsaturated soap, potassium soap, and a polymeric agent.

[0006] Background of the invention

[0007] There is always a need to provide skin cleansing formulations having desirable cleansing efficacy without being harsh, without causing problems to the skin, and having the ability to deliver benefit agents such as moisturizers, antibacterial actives, etc.

[0008] The soap in cleansing bar compositions is generally known to serve several purposes. First, it helps structure the bars, so they do not crumble when the bar is being finished

[0009] 15 (e.g., extruded, stamped) and as a final user bar. Fatty acid soap also provides some beneficial user properties such as good lather and a certain skin feel which can be desirable to consumers. In addition, soap is generally cheaper than most anionic surfactants and can provide cost savings.

[0010] 20 It was believed that short chain soaps (e.g., C8-C14) were necessary for desirable lather in soap bars. Accordingly, commercial soap bars comprise various levels of short chain soap (e.g., C8-C14 soap) made from either palm kernel or coconut oils that contain short chain triglycerides, or from fatty acids derived from these oils.

[0011] 25 Short chain free bars have been disclosed in International Application No. WO 2021 / 164994. These bars comprise C18:2 soap and C18:1 soap, wherein a weight ratio of C18:2 soap to C18:1 soap in the composition must be higher than 0.7. Such a composition, although being free of short chain soap, provides bars that have good lather and can be made by a rapid extrusion process. To achieve the specific ratio of 018:2 to 018:1 , i.e., greater than 0.7, soap bars disclosed in International Application No. WO 2021 / 164994 are made from oils such as soya bean oil (018:2 / 018:1=2.4) and hydrogenated soya bean oils or a judicious mixture of these oils with palm and palm stearin oils (018:2 / 018:1=0.24) or fatty acids derived from these oils. International Application No. WO 2021 / 164994 discloses that soap may also be prepared from other

[0012] 35 unconventional oil sources like corn, rice bran, cottonseed, and safflower oil. P0001157 COM

[0013] 2

[0014] It would be greatly desirable to find other oils than those currently disclosed, which could be used in cleansing bar compositions that can be substantially short chain free, short chain free, or have a reduced amount of short chains to provide cleansing bars having a

[0015] 5 combination of good lather and good processability on high-speed extrusion and stamping soap manufacturing lines. It would also be desirable to find a cleansing bar composition that can be substantially short chain free, short chain free, or have a reduced amount of short chains to provide cleansing bars that would not have the constraint of the ratio C18:2 / C18:1 being greater than 0.7 and would allow for a greater use of

[0016] 10 conventional oils such as palm oil, which has the ratio C18:2 / C18:1 equal to 0.24.

[0017] One such answer to this problem was through the use of unconventional fat sources high in C18:3, such as linseed oil.

[0018] Another known way to increase lather in cleansing bars is through partial saponification with potassium. Recently, potassium soap was used in cleansing formulations absent short chain soaps in co-pending International Application No. WO 2024 / 099785. There is a trade-off between high levels of potassium soaps and hardness, and therefore, it becomes difficult to maintain acceptable lather without compromising the ability to

[0019] 20 process bars on a high-speed manufacturing line.

[0020] As such, there is continually a need for cleansing bar compositions that can produce cleansing bars with reduced short chain content without a corresponding loss in desired cleansing bar properties, such as lather.

[0021] 25

[0022] Summary of the invention

[0023] Disclosed in various aspects are cleansing bar compositions and bars comprising the compositions.

[0024] A cleansing bar composition comprises 40 to 75% by weight of C16 to C24 saturated soap, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition; 20 to 45% by weight of C18 unsaturated soap, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition; greater than or equal to 2% by weight of a potassium soap, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition; and greater than or equal to 0.5% by weight of a polymeric

[0025] 35 agent, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition. P0001157 COM

[0026] 3

[0027] These and other features and characteristics are more particularly described below.

[0028] Detailed description of the invention

[0029] 5 Disclosed herein is a cleansing bar composition that provides desirable lather. Lower amounts of potassium in cleansing bar compositions (e.g., 2 to 3% by weight of the overall composition) improve but do not provide desirable lathering properties. Increasing the potassium levels (e.g., to 12 to 15% by weight of the overall composition) decreases bar softness, thereby affecting the ability of bars made therefrom to be made

[0030] 10 and processed on a high throughput line. The cleansing bar composition disclosed herein comprises a lather-boosting combination of ingredients that unexpectedly achieves desirable lather at lower levels of potassium soap, i.e., less than 6% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition, thereby avoiding the issue of bar softness. Accordingly, bars made from the cleansing bar compositions disclosed herein can be processed on a high throughput line. These surprising results are accomplished by using low levels of potassium soap in combination with a polymeric agent in the cleansing bar compositions. It was unexpectedly found that this combination can boost lathering properties where the C18:2 to C18:1 ratio has not been optimized such that it is greater than 0.7 or does not contain high levels of C18:3 soap (e.g., greater

[0031] 20 than 3% by weight of the formulation). In the cleansing bar compositions disclosed herein, the C18:2 to C18:1 ratio does not need to be optimized; it can be greater than 0.7 or less than or equal to 0.7.

[0032] “Short chain” as referred to herein generally refers to C8 to C14. “Substantially no”,

[0033] 25 “substantially free”, or “essentially free” as referred to herein means less than 0.5% by weight, and preferably, less than 0.3% by weight, and most preferably, less than 0.15% by weight or less than 0.1 % or 0.05% or 0.04 to 0.01 % or 0.0% (none) by weight based on total weight of the cleansing bar composition. For example, substantially no, substantially free, or essentially free can refer to 0.001 to 0.5% by weight of the overall composition, for example, 0.0001 to 0.5% by weight, for example, 0.005 to 0.5% by weight, for example, 0.001 to 0.1% by weight.

[0034] Cleansing bars made from the cleansing bar compositions can be made by extrusion and stamping. It can be desirable to eliminate or reduce short chain soap in bars without

[0035] 35 compromising lather, because reduction of short chain soap can lead to enhanced bar P0001157 COM

[0036] 4 mildness to the skin, improved deposition of skin benefit actives, and longer lasting fragrance benefits. Natural sources of these short chain feedstocks include coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Demand for these oils continues to rise as they are ubiquitous not just in bars, but in many personal care products such as body wash and shampoos.

[0037] 5 Accordingly, a cleansing bar with essentially no, no, or reduced short chain soap can be attractive from the sustainability point of view since it would alleviate some dependence on these highly sought after materials.

[0038] Bars made from the cleansing bar compositions disclosed herein can comprise less than

[0039] 10 or equal to 15% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, less than or equal to 10% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, less than or equal 7.5% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, less than or equal 5% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, less than or equal to 2.5% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, less than or equal to 1 % by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, less than or equal to 0.5% C8 to C18 soap, for example, less than or equal to 0.1% C8 to C18 soap, for example, less than or equal to 0.01% C8 to C14 soap, for example, substantially no C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0% by weight C8 to C14 soap, including any and all ranges and values subsumed therein. In an embodiment, bars made from the cleansing bar formulations disclosed herein contain less than or equal to 15% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, less than or equal to

[0040] 20 10% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, less than or equal 7.5% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, less than or equal 5% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, less than or equal to 2.5% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, less than or equal to 1 % by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, less than or equal to 0.5% C8 to C18 soap, for example, less than or equal to 0.1% C8 to C18 soap, for example, less than or equal

[0041] 25 to 0.01 % C8 to C14 soap, for example, substantially no C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0% by weight C8 to C14 soap, including any and all ranges and values subsumed therein.

[0042] For example, the cleansing bar compositions can comprise 0 to 15% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 10% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 7.5% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 5% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 2.5% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 1 % by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 0.5% C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 0.01% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 0.01 % by weight C8 to C14 soap, including any and all ranges and

[0043] 35 values subsumed therein. For example, the cleansing bar compositions contain 0 to P0001157 COM

[0044] 5

[0045] 15% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 10% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 7.5% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 5% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 2.5% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 1% by weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 0.5% C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 0.01% by

[0046] 5 weight C8 to C14 soap, for example, 0 to 0.01 % by weight C8 to C14 soap, including any and all ranges and values subsumed therein.

[0047] In one embodiment, the cleansing bar composition comprises less than 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition, of soap prepared from one

[0048] 10 or more of palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, tallow, palm olein, palm stearin, or a combination thereof.

[0049] Soap as referred to herein means salt of fatty acid. The soap can be a soap of C8 to C24 fatty acids, preferably the soap is of greater than C14, for example, C16 to C24, for example, C18, for example, C18:1 , for example, C18:2, for example, C18:3. The basic structure of soap includes a long hydrophobic (water-fearing) hydrocarbon "tail" and a hydrophilic (water-loving) anionic "head" with the following structure:

[0050] CH3(CH2)nCOO-

[0051] 20

[0052] The length of the hydrocarbon chain ("n") varies with the type of fat or oil. The anionic charge on the carboxylate (COO-) head is usually balanced by either a positively charged potassium (K+) or sodium (Na+) cation.

[0053] 25 The cleansing bar compositions can comprise saturated soap, unsaturated soap, or a combination thereof.

[0054] The cleansing bar composition can comprise saturated soap, for example, C16 to C24 saturated soap. In an embodiment, the C16 to C24 saturated soap can be present in an amount of 40 to 75% by weight of C16 to C24 saturated soap, for example, 50 to 75% by weight, for example, 55 to 75% by weight, for example, 60 to 75% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition, including any and all ranges and values subsumed therein. In an embodiment, in the cleansing bar composition C16 to C24 saturated soap is present in an amount of 40 to 75% by weight of C16 to C24

[0055] 35 saturated soap, for example, 50 to 75% by weight, for example, 55 to 75% by weight, for P0001157 COM

[0056] 6 example, 60 to 75% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition, including any and all ranges and values subsumed therein.

[0057] In an embodiment, the saturated soap can comprise C16 soap, C18 soap, or a

[0058] 5 combination thereof. In an embodiment, the saturated soap is C16 soap, C18 soap, or a combination thereof.

[0059] The cleansing bar composition can comprise unsaturated soap, for example C18 to C24 unsaturated soap. The unsaturated soap can comprise C18 unsaturated soap, for example, C18:1 unsaturated soap, for example, C18:2 unsaturated soap, for example, C18:3 unsaturated soap, or a combination thereof. In an embodiment the unsaturated soap is C18 soap, C18:1 soap, C18:2 soap, C18:3 soap, or a combination thereof.

[0060] In an embodiment, the C18 to C24 unsaturated soap can be present in an amount of 20

[0061] 15 to 45% by weight, for example, 20 to 44% by weight, for example, 20 to 43% by weight, for example, 30 to 42% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition, including any and all ranges and values subsumed therein. In an embodiment, the C18 to C24 unsaturated soap is present in an amount of 20 to 45% by weight, for example, 20 to 44% by weight, for example, 20 to 43% by weight, for example,

[0062] 20 30 to 42% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition, including any and all ranges and values subsumed therein.

[0063] A weight ratio of linoleic acid (C18:2) to oleic acid (C18:1) in the cleansing bar composition can be less than or equal to 0.7. In an embodiment, the weight ratio of

[0064] 25 linoleic acid (C18:2) to oleic acid (C18:1) in the cleansing bar composition is less than or equal to 0.7. In an embodiment, the cleansing bar composition can comprise ricinoleic acid (C18:1 soap). In an embodiment, the cleansing bar composition contains ricinoleic acid (C18:1 soap).

[0065] In an embodiment, a total amount of linoleic acid and oleic acid soap is 25 to 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition.

[0066] The cleansing bar composition can additionally comprise potassium soap. In an embodiment, the cleansing bar composition contains potassium soap. The potassium

[0067] 35 soap can be present in an amount of greater than or equal to 2% by weight, for example, P0001157 COM

[0068] 7 greater than or equal to 3% by weight, for example, greater than or equal to 4% by weight, for example, greater than or equal to 5% by weight, for example, 2 to 6% by weight, for example, 2 to 5% by weight, all based on the total cleansing bar composition, including any and all ranges and values subsumed therein. The cleansing bar

[0069] 5 composition can additionally comprise a non-soap surfactant. The surfactant can be present in an amount of less than or equal to 40% by weight of the overall cleansing bar composition. For example, the surfactant can be present in an amount of less than or equal to 30% by weight of the overall cleansing bar composition, for example, less than or equal to 25% by weight of the overall cleansing bar composition, for example, 10% to

[0070] 10 24% by weight of the overall cleansing bar composition.

[0071] The surfactant can comprise an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, or a combination thereof.

[0072] When present, the anionic surfactant used can include aliphatic sulfonates, such as a primary alkane (e.g., C8-C22) sulfonate, primary alkane (e.g., C8-C22) disulfonate, C8-C22 alkene sulfonate, C8-C22 hydroxyalkane sulfonate or alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate (AGS); or aromatic sulfonates such as alkyl benzene sulfonate. The anionic surfactant may also

[0073] 20 be an alkyl sulfate (e.g., C12-C18 alkyl sulfate) or alkyl ether sulfate (including alkyl glyceryl ether sulfates). Among the alkyl ether sulfates are those having the formula:

[0074] RO(CH2CH2O)nSO3M

[0075] 25 wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl having 8 to 18 carbons, preferably 12 to 18 carbons, n has an average value of at least 1.0, preferably less than 5, and most preferably 1 to 4, and M is a solubilizing cation such as sodium, potassium, ammonium, or substituted ammonium.

[0076] The anionic surfactant may also be alkyl sulfosuccinates (including mono- and dialkyl, e.g., C6-C22 sulfosuccinates); alkyl and acyl taurates (often methyl taurates), alkyl and acyl sarcosinates, sulfoacetates, C8-C22 alkyl phosphates and phosphonates, alkyl phosphate esters and alkoxyl alkyl phosphate esters, acyl lactates, C8-C22 monoalkyl succinates and maleates, sulphoacetates, alkyl glucosides and acyl isethionates, and

[0077] 35 the like. P0001157 COM

[0078] 8

[0079] Sulfosuccinates may be monoalkyl sulfosuccinates having the formula:

[0080] R1OC(O)CH2CH(SO3M)CO2M;

[0081] 5 and amide-MEA sulfosuccinates of the formula:

[0082] R1CONHCH2CH2OC(O)CH2CH(SO3M)CO2M

[0083] 10 wherein R1ranges from Cs-C22alkyl.

[0084] Sarcosinates are generally indicated by the formula:

[0085] R2CON(CH3)CH2CO2M, wherein R2ranges from Cs-C2o alkyl.

[0086] Taurates are generally identified by formula:

[0087] R3CONR4CH2CH2SO3M

[0088] 20 wherein R3is a Cs-C2o alkyl, R4is a C1-C4 alkyl.

[0089] M is a solubilizing cation as previously described.

[0090] The cleansing bar composition disclosed herein may contain Cs-Cis acyl isethionates.

[0091] 25 These esters are prepared by a reaction between alkali metal isethionate with mixed aliphatic fatty acids having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms and an iodine value of less than 20. At least 75% of the mixed fatty acids have from 12 to 18 carbon atoms and up to 25% have from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0092] The acyl isethionate may be an alkoxylated isethionate such as is described in llardi et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,393,466, entitled "Fatty Acid Esters of Polyalkoxylated isethonic acid”; issued Feb. 28, 1995; hereby incorporated by reference. This compound has the general formula:

[0093] 35 R5C— (0)0— C(X)H— C(Y)H— (OCH2— CH2)m— SO3M P0001157 COM

[0094] 9 wherein R5is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbons, m is an integer from 1 to 4, X and Y are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons and M is a solubilizing cation as previously described.

[0095] 5

[0096] In an aspect of the cleansing bar composition, the anionic surfactant used is 2- acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium perfluorononanoate, potassium lauryl sulfate, sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium laurate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium stearate, sodium sulfosuccinate esters, sodium lauroyl isethionate, or a combination thereof. Such anionic surfactants are commercially available from suppliers like Galaxy Surfactants, Clariant, Sino Lion, Stepan Company, and Innospec.

[0097] Optionally, amphoteric surfactants can be included in the cleansing bar compositions

[0098] 15 disclosed herein. Amphoteric surfactants (which depending on pH can be zwitterionic) include sodium acyl amphoacetates, sodium acyl amphopropionates, disodium acyl amphodiacetates and disodium acyl amphodipropionates where the acyl (i.e., alkanoyl group) can comprise a C7-C18 alkyl portion. Illustrative examples of amphoteric surfactants include sodium lauroamphoacetate, sodium cocoamphoacetate, sodium

[0099] 20 lauroamphoacetate, or a combination thereof.

[0100] As to the zwitterionic surfactants employed in the present cleansing bar composition, such surfactants include at least one acid group. Such an acid group may be a carboxylic or a sulphonic acid group. They often include quaternary nitrogen, and therefore, can

[0101] 25 be quaternary amino acids. They should generally include an alkyl or alkenyl group of 7 to 18 carbon atoms and generally comply with an overall structural formula:

[0102] R6— [— C(O)— NH(CH2)q— ],— N+(R7)(R8)-A— B

[0103] 30 where R6is alkyl or alkenyl of 7 to 18 carbon atoms; R7and R8are each independently alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms; q is 2 to 4; r is 0 to 1 ; A is alkylene of 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted with hydroxyl, and B is — CO2— or — SO3— . P0001157 COM

[0104] 10

[0105] Desirable zwitterionic surfactants for use in the cleansing bar composition disclosed herein and within the above general formula include simple betaines of formula:

[0106] R6— N+(R7)(R8)-CH2CO2-

[0107] 5 and amido betaines of formula:

[0108] R6— CONH(CH2)t— N+(R7)(R8)-CH2CO2-

[0109] 10 where t is 2 or 3.

[0110] In both formulae R6is alkyl or alkenyl of 7 to 18 carbon atoms; R7and R8are each independently alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms; q is 2 to 4; r is 0 to 1 ; A is alkylene of 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted with hydroxyl, and B is — CO2— or — SO3 — . R6may, in particular, be a mixture of Ci2and C14 alkyl groups derived from coconut oil so that at least half, preferably at least three quarters of the groups R6have 10 to 14 carbon atoms. R7and R8are preferably methyl.

[0111] A further possibility is that the zwitterionic surfactant is a sulphobetaine of formula:

[0112] 20

[0113] R6— N+(R7)(R8)-(CH2)3SO3- or

[0114] R6— CONH(CH2)U— N+(R7)(R8)-(CH2)3SO3-

[0115] 25 where u is 2 or 3, or variants of these in which — (CH2)3SO3‘ is replaced by — CH2C(OH)(H)CH2SO3-.

[0116] In these formulae, R6is alkyl or alkenyl of 7 to 18 carbon atoms; R7and R8are each independently alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms; q is 2 to 4; r is 0 to 1 ; A is alkylene of 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted with hydroxyl, and B is — CO2— or — SO3— .

[0117] Illustrative examples of the zwitterionic surfactants desirable for use include betaines such as lauryl betaine, betaine citrate, cocodimethyl carboxymethyl betaine,

[0118] 35 cocoamidopropyl betaine, coco alkyldimethyl betaine, and laurylamidopropyl betaine. P0001157 COM

[0119] 11

[0120] An additional zwitterionic surfactant suitable for use includes cocoamidopropyl sultaine, for example, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine. Preferred zwitterionic surfactants include lauryl betaine, betaine citrate, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, (carboxymethyl) dimethyl-3-[(1 -oxododecyl) amino] propylammonium hydroxide, coco alkyldimethyl

[0121] 5 betaine, (carboxymethyl) dimethyloleylammonium hydroxide, cocoamidopropyl betaine, (carboxymethyl) dimethyloleylammonium hydroxide, cocoamidopropyl betaine, (carboxylatomethyl) dimethyl(octadecyl)ammonium, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, or a combination thereof. Such surfactants are made commercially available from suppliers like Stepan Company, Solvay, Evonik and the like, and it is within the scope of the cleansing bar compositions disclosed herein to employ mixtures of the aforementioned surfactants.

[0122] Nonionic surfactants may optionally be used in the cleansing bar composition. When used, nonionic surfactants are typically used at levels as low as 0.5, 1 , 1.5 or 2% by

[0123] 15 weight and at levels as high as 6, 8, 10 or 12% by weight. The nonionic surfactants which may be used include in particular the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkylphenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide. Specific nonionic surfactant compounds are alkyl (C6-C22) phenols,

[0124] 20 ethylene oxide condensates, the condensation products of aliphatic (Cs-Cis) primary or secondary linear or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. Other nonionic surfactants include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides, dialkyl sulphoxides, and the like.

[0125] 25

[0126] In an aspect, nonionic surfactants can include fatty acid / alcohol ethoxylates having the following structures a) HOCH2(CH2)s(CH2CH2O)c H or b) HOOC(CH2)v(CH2CH2O)d H; where s and v are each independently an integer up to 18; and c and d are each independently an integer from 1 or greater. In an aspect, s and v can be each

[0127] 30 independently 6 to 18; and c and d can be each independently 1 to 30. Other options for nonionic surfactants include those having the formula HOOC(CH2)i — CH=CH — (CH2)k(CH2CH2O)z H, where i, k are each independently 5 to 15; and z is 5 to 50. In another aspect, i and k are each independently 6 to 12; and z is 15 to 35. P0001157 COM

[0128] 12

[0129] The nonionic surfactant may also include a sugar amide, such as a polysaccharide amide. Specifically, the surfactant may be one of the lactobionamides described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,389,279 to Au et al., entitled "Compositions Comprising Nonionic Glycolipid Surfactants” issued Feb. 14, 1995; which is hereby incorporated by reference or it may

[0130] 5 be one of the sugar amides described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,009,814 to Kelkenberg, titled "Use of N-Poly Hydroxyalkyl Fatty Acid Amides as Thickening Agents for Liquid Aqueous Surfactant Systems" issued Apr. 23, 1991 ; hereby incorporated into the subject application by reference.

[0131] 10 Illustrative examples of nonionic surfactants that can optionally be used in the cleansing bar compositions disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, polyglycoside, cetyl alcohol, decyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, n- octyl beta-d-thioglucopyranoside, octyl glucoside, oleyl alcohol, polysorbate, sorbitan, stearyl alcohol, or a combination thereof.

[0132] In an aspect, cationic surfactants may optionally be used in the cleansing bar composition of the present application.

[0133] One class of cationic surfactants includes heterocyclic ammonium salts such as cetyl or

[0134] 20 stearyl pyridinium chloride, alkyl amidoethyl pyrrylinodium methyl sulfate, and lapyrium chloride.

[0135] Tetra alkyl ammonium salts are another useful class of cationic surfactants for use. Examples include cetyl or stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide;

[0136] 25 hydrogenated palm or tallow trimethylammonium halides; behenyl trimethyl ammonium halides or methyl sulfates; decyl isononyl dimethyl ammonium halides; ditallow (or distearyl) dimethyl ammonium halides, and behenyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.

[0137] Still other types of cationic surfactants that may be used are the various ethoxylated quaternary amines and ester quats. Examples include PEG-5 stearyl ammonium lactate (e.g., GENAMIN® KSL manufactured by Clariant), PEG-2 coco ammonium chloride, PEG-15 hydrogenated tallow ammonium chloride, PEG 15 stearyl ammonium chloride, dipalmitoyl ethyl methyl ammonium chloride, dipalmitoyl hydroxyethyl methyl sulfate, and stearyl amidopropyl dimethylamine lactate.

[0138] 35 P0001157 COM

[0139] 13

[0140] Still other useful cationic surfactants include quaternized hydrolysates of silk, wheat, and keratin proteins, and it is within the scope of the cleansing bar composition to use mixtures of the aforementioned cationic surfactants.

[0141] 5 If used, cationic surfactants will make up no more than 1.0% by weight of the cleansing bar composition. When present, cationic surfactants typically make up from 0.01 to 0.7%, and more typically, from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of the cleansing bar composition, including any and all ranges subsumed therein.

[0142] The cleansing bar can additionally include up to 30% by weight skin benefit agents. The term “skin benefit agent” is defined as a substance which softens or improves the elasticity, appearance, and youthfulness of the skin (stratum corneum) by either increasing its water content, adding, or replacing lipids and other skin nutrients, or both, and keeps it soft by retarding the decrease of its water content. Included among the

[0143] 15 suitable skin benefit agents are emollients, including, for example, hydrophobic emollients, hydrophilic emollients, or blends thereof. Preferred benefit agents include moisturizers, emollients, sunscreens, and anti-aging compounds.

[0144] Desirably the optional skin benefit agents used in the cleansing bar composition

[0145] 20 disclosed herein include niacinamide (vitamin B3), tocopherol (Vitamin E), aloe vera, alpha-hydroxy acids and esters, beta-hydroxy acids and esters, hydroxyethyl urea, polyhydroxy acids and esters, creatine, hydroquinone, t-butyl hydroquinone, mulberry, hyaluronic acid and salts thereof (including, but not limited to, Na+ and K+ salts of the same), extract, liquorice extract, resorcinol derivatives, or a combination thereof. For

[0146] 25 example, the skin benefit agent can be sodium hyaluronate. Such benefit agents, including sodium hyaluronate can be present in an amount of 0.0001 to 10%, for example, 0.001 to 6.5%, for example, 0.01 to 3.5%, and for example, 0.01 % by weight, based on total weight of the cleansing bar composition including all values and ranges subsumed therein.

[0147] Further optional water-soluble skin benefit agents include acids, such as amino acids like arginine, valine or histidine. Other vitamins can be used such as vitamin B2, picolinamide, panthenol (vitamin B5), vitamin Be, vitamin C, a combination thereof or the like. Derivatives (generally meaning something that has developed or been obtained

[0148] 35 from something else), and especially, water soluble derivatives of such vitamins can also P0001157 COM

[0149] 14 be employed. For instance, vitamin C derivatives such as ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and ascorbyl glycoside may be used alone or in combination with each other. Niacinamide derivatives such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) may

[0150] 5 be used alone or in combination with each other. Other skin benefit agents that can be used include 4-ethyl resorcinol, extracts like sage, aloe vera, green tea, sugar cane, citrus, grapeseed, thyme, chamomile, yarrow, cucumber, liquorice, rosemary extract, or a combination thereof. Electrolytes such as sodium chloride (NaCI), potassium chloride (KOI), magnesium chloride (MgCh), or a combination thereof can also be used. The total amount of optional water-soluble benefit agents (including mixtures) when present in the composition disclosed herein can be 0.0001 to 10%, preferably, 0.001 to 6.5%, and most preferably, 0.01 to 3.5% by weight, based on total weight of the cleansing bar composition, including all values and ranges subsumed therein.

[0151] 15 It is also within the scope of the cleansing bar composition to optionally include oil soluble benefit agents. Illustrative examples of the types of oil soluble benefit agents that can optionally be used in the cleansing bar composition disclosed herein include components like stearic acid, vitamins like vitamin A, D, E and K (and their oil soluble derivatives).

[0152] 20 Other optional oil soluble benefit agents for use include resorcinols and resorcinol derivatives like 4-hexyl resorcinol, 4-phenylethyl resorcinol, 4-cyclopentyl resorcinol, 4- cyclohexyl resorcinol 4-isopropyl resorcinol or a combination thereof. Also, 5-substituted resorcinols like 4-cyclohexyl-5-methylbenzene-1 ,3-diol, 4-isopropyl-5-methylbenzene- 1 ,3-diol, combination thereof or the like may be used. The 5-substituted resorcinols and

[0153] 25 their synthesis are described in commonly assigned U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2016 / 0000669A1.

[0154] Even other oil soluble benefit agents that can be used include omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, climbazole, magnolol, honokiol, farnesol, ursolic acid, myristic acid,

[0155] 30 geranyl geraniol, oleyl betaine, cocoyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline, hexanoyl sphingosine, 12-hydroxystearic acid (12HSA), petroselinic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, terpineol, thymol essential components, the dissolution auxiliary selected from limonene, pinene, camphene, cymene, citronellol, citronellal, geraniol, nerol, linalool, rhodinol, borneol, isoborneol, menthone, camphor, safrole, isosafrole, P0001157 COM

[0156] 15 eugenol, isoeugenol, tea tree oil, eucalyptus oil, peppermint oil, neem oil, lemon grass oil, orange oil, bergamot oil, or a combination thereof.

[0157] Another optional oil soluble benefit agent that may be used is a retinoic acid precursor.

[0158] 5 The retinoic acid precursor can be retinol, retinal, retinyl ester, retinyl propionate, retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate or a combination thereof. Retinyl propionate, retinyl palmitate and combinations thereof are typically preferred. Still another retinoic acid precursor for use is hydroxyanasatil retinoate made commercially available under the name REXEXTRA® as supplied by Molecular Design International. The same may be used in

[0159] 10 a combination with any of the oil soluble benefit agents described herein.

[0160] When an optional (i.e., 0.0 to 1.5% by weight) oil soluble benefit agent is used in the cleansing bar composition, it typically is present in an amount of 0.001 to 1.5% by weight of the overall cleansing bar composition including all values and ranges subsumed therein, and for example, 0.05 to 1.2% by weight, for example, 0.2 to 0.5% by weight of the total weight of the cleansing bar composition.

[0161] Other useful skin benefit agents include the following:

[0162] 20 (a) silicone oils and modifications thereof such as linear and cyclic polydimethylsiloxanes; amino, alkyl, alkylaryl, and aryl silicone oils;

[0163] (b) fats and oils including natural fats and oils such as jojoba, soybean, sunflower, rice bran, avocado, almond, olive, sesame, persic, castor, coconut, and mink oils; cacao fat;

[0164] 25 beef tallow and lard; hardened oils obtained by hydrogenating the aforementioned oils; and synthetic mono, di and triglycerides such as myristic acid glyceride and 2- ethylhexanoic acid glyceride;

[0165] (c) waxes such as carnauba, spermaceti, beeswax, lanolin, and derivatives thereof;

[0166] (d) hydrophobic and hydrophilic plant extracts;

[0167] (e) hydrocarbons such as liquid paraffin, petrolatum, microcrystalline wax, ceresin, squalene, pristan and mineral oil;

[0168] 35 P0001157 COM

[0169] 16

[0170] (f) higher fatty acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, behenic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, lanolic, isostearic, arachidonic and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PLIFA);

[0171] (g) higher alcohols such as lauryl, cetyl, stearyl, oleyl, behenyl, cholesterol and 2-

[0172] 5 hexydecanol alcohol;

[0173] (h) esters such as cetyl octanoate, myristyl lactate, cetyl lactate, isopropyl myristate, myristyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl adipate, butyl stearate, decyl oleate, cholesterol isostearate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol monolaurate, glycerol

[0174] 10 distearate, glycerol tristearate, alkyl lactate, alkyl citrate and alkyl tartrate;

[0175] (i) essential oils and extracts thereof such as mentha, jasmine, camphor, white cedar, bitter orange peel, ryu, turpentine, cinnamon, bergamot, citrus unshiu, calamus, pine, lavender, bay, clove, hiba, eucalyptus, lemon, starflower, thyme, peppermint, rose, sage, sesame, ginger, basil, juniper, lemon grass, rosemary, rosewood, avocado, grape, grapeseed, myrrh, cucumber, watercress, calendula, elder flower, geranium, linden blossom, amaranth, seaweed, ginko, ginseng, carrot, guarana, tea tree, jojoba, comfrey, oatmeal, cocoa, neroli, vanilla, green tea, penny royal, aloe vera, menthol, cineole, eugenol, citral, Citronelle, borneol, linalool, geraniol, evening primrose, camphor, thymol,

[0176] 20 spirantol, penene, limonene and terpenoid oils;

[0177] (j) polyhydric alcohols, for example, glycerine, sorbitol, propylene glycol, and the like; and polyols such as the polyethylene glycols, examples of which are: Polyox WSR-205 PEG 14M, Polyox WSR-N-60K PEG 45M, or Polyox WSR-N-750, and PEG 7M;

[0178] 25

[0179] (k) lipids such as cholesterol, ceramides, sucrose esters and pseudo-ceramides as described in European Patent Specification No. 556,957;

[0180] (l) vitamins, minerals, and skin nutrients such as milk, vitamins A, E, and K; vitamin alkyl esters, including vitamin C alkyl esters; magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc and other metallic components;

[0181] (m) sunscreens such as octyl methoxyl cinnamate (Parsol MCX) and butyl methoxy benzoylmethane (Parsol 1789);

[0182] 35 P0001157 COM

[0183] 17

[0184] (n) phospholipids; and

[0185] (o) anti-aging compounds such as alpha-hydroxy acids and beta-hydroxy acids.

[0186] 5 Preferred skin benefit agents include fatty acids, hydrocarbons, polyhydric alcohols, polyols, and mixtures thereof, with emollients that include at least one C12 to C18 fatty acid, petrolatum, glycerol, sorbitol, and / or propylene glycol being of particular interest in one or more embodiments. The agents may be added at an appropriate step during the process of making the cleansing bars. Some benefit agents may be introduced as macro

[0187] 10 domains.

[0188] Other optional ingredients like antioxidants, perfumes, polymers, chelating agents, colorants, deodorants, dyes, enzymes, foam boosters, germicides, anti-microbials, lathering agents, pearlescers, skin conditioners, stabilizers, or superfatting agents, may be added in suitable amounts in the process of making the bars. Preferably, the ingredients are added after the saponification step. Sodium metabisulphite, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), borax, or ethylene hydroxy diphosphonic acid (EHDP) can be added to the formulation.

[0189] 20 The cleansing bar composition disclosed herein can be used to deliver antimicrobial benefits. Antimicrobial agents that can be included to deliver these benefits include oligodynamic metals or compounds thereof. Preferred metals are silver, copper, zinc, gold, aluminum, or a mixture thereof. Silver is particularly preferred. In the ionic form it may exist as a salt or any compound in any applicable oxidation state. Preferred silver

[0190] 25 compounds are silver oxide, silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver sulfate, silver benzoate, silver salicylate, silver carbonate, silver citrate, silver phosphate, or a combination thereof, with silver oxide, silver sulfate and silver citrate being of particular interest in one or more embodiments. In at least one aspect, the silver compound is silver oxide. Oligodynamic metal or a compound thereof can be included in an amount of 0.0001 to 2%, preferably 0.001 to 1 % by weight of the composition. Alternately an essential oil antimicrobial active may be included in the cleansing bar composition. Essential oil actives which can be included are terpineol, thymol, carvacol, (E) -2(prop-1-enyl) phenol, 2- propylphenol, 4- pentylphenol, 4-sec-butylphenol, 2-benzyl phenol, eugenol, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, preferred essential oil actives are terpineol, thymol,

[0191] 35 carvacrol, thymol, or a combination thereof, with the most preferred being terpineol or P0001157 COM

[0192] 18 thymol, or a combination thereof. When present, essential oil actives can be included in an amount of 0.001 to 1 %, preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of the composition.

[0193] Even other ingredients which may be used include octopirox (piroctone), zinc pyrithione,

[0194] 5 chloroxylenol, triclosan, cetylpyridinium chloride, as well as silver compounds including silver oxide, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, carbonate, acetate, benzoate, a combination thereof or the like. If used, these other components typically make up from 0.001 to 1.6% by weight of the overall cleansing bar composition including all values and ranges subsumed therein, and preferably, from 0.01 to 1.2% by weight.

[0195] 10

[0196] Optionally, preservatives can be used in the cleansing bar composition disclosed herein. When used, illustrative preservatives for use include sodium benzoate, iodopropynyl butyl carbamate, caprylyl glycol, phenoxyethanol, hydroxyacetophenone, ethylhexylglycerine, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, imidazolidinyl urea, sodium dehydroacetate, dimethyl-dimethyl (DMDM) hydantoin, and benzyl alcohol, or a combination thereof. Other preservatives suitable for use include sodium dehydroacetate, chlorophenesin, and decylene glycol. Preservatives are preferably employed in amounts of 0.01% to 2.0% by weight of the total weight of cleansing bar composition, including all values and ranges subsumed therein. Also preferred is a

[0197] 20 preservative system with hydroxyacetophenone alone or in a mixture with other preservatives.

[0198] Additional optional ingredients which may be present in the cleansing bar compositions are, for example: fixatives; fragrances; sequestering and chelating agents such as

[0199] 25 tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), ethane hydroxyl diphosphonate (EHDP), and etidronic acid, aka 1-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP); coloring agents; opacifiers and pearlizers such as zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, titanium dioxide (TiCh), ethylene glycol monostearate (EGMS), ethylene glycol distearate (EGDS) or Lytron 621 (Styrene / Acrylate copolymer), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), ethylene diamine disuccinic acid (EDDS), pentasodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, trisodium N-(hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediaminetracetate, an acid form of EDTA, sodium thiocynate, trisodium salt of methylglycinediacetic acid, tetrasodium glutamate diacetate and phytic acid, and the like, preferably wherein the chelating agent is ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA),

[0200] 35 diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), ethylene diamine disuccinic acid (EDDS), or P0001157 COM

[0201] 19 a combination thereof; pH adjusters; antioxidants, for example, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), pentaerythrityl tetra-di-t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate (e.g., TINOGARD® commercially available from BASF), and the like; stabilizers; suds boosters, such as for example, coconut acyl mono- or diethanol amides; ionizing salts, such as, for example,

[0202] 5 sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, and other ingredients such as are conventionally used in cleansing bar compositions. An opacifier may be optionally present in the cleansing bar composition. When opacifiers are present, the cleansing bar is generally opaque. Examples of opacifiers include titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and the like. A particularly preferred opacifier that can be employed when an opaque soap composition

[0203] 10 is desired is ethylene glycol mono- or di-stearate, for example in the form of a 20% solution in sodium lauryl ether sulphate. An alternative opacifying agent is zinc stearate. The total amount of such additional optional ingredients is typically from 0 to 10% by weight, more particularly from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the personal cleansing formulation.

[0204] Cleansing bars can be made from the cleansing bar compositions disclosed herein. Cleansing bars can be in the form of a shaped solid. The cleansing bar can be particularly useful for personal cleansing. The cleansing bar is a wash off product that generally contains an amount of surfactants that is used for cleansing the desired topical

[0205] 20 surface, for example, the body, hair, scalp, and / or the face. The cleansing bar is applied on the topical surface and left thereon for only a few seconds or minutes and thereafter washed off with copious amounts of water. Alternately, it may be used for laundering clothes. In such an instance, the composition or bar can be usually rubbed onto wet clothes, optionally brushed, and then rinsed with water to remove the residual soap and

[0206] 25 dirt.

[0207] Bars made from the cleansing bar composition can have a hardness value of greater than or equal to 2.0 kilograms (kg) (measured at 40°C), for example, the bars can have a hardness value of greater than or equal to 2.5, for example, the bars can have a hardness value of greater than or equal to 3, for example, greater than or equal to 4, measured by a TA. XT texture analyzer described herein in the protocol. Such hardness values indicate that the bars can be processed via a high throughput extrusion process.

[0208] The cleansing bar disclosed herein has a moisture level of 10 to 20%, preferably 12 to

[0209] 35 16% as measured by Karl Fischer titration. P0001157 COM

[0210] 20

[0211] In one embodiment, bars can be produced by the following method:

[0212] Through several processes, all the ingredients, less the perfume, are combined in a

[0213] 5 mixer suitable for mixing viscous materials. The process is run at a temperature which ensures homogeneity of the batch, generally between 180° to 240°F (80° to 120°C). When the target moisture has been achieved, the product is removed from the mixer and cooled forming either chips or noodles. The cooled material is then optionally combined with perfume and tumbled to ensure an even distribution of perfume throughout the product. The optionally perfumed material is then transported to a hopper which feeds a refiner, which in turn feeds a plodder. The billet which exits the plodder is then cut, stamped into a bar, and packaged. It can be difficult to stamp billets that are too soft (e.g., do not have a hardness of at least 1.0 kg (measured at 40°C) into bars.

[0214] 15 State more simply, the cleansing bar composition can be made into bars by a process that first involves saponification of the fat charge with alkali followed by extruding the mixture in a conventional plodder. The plodded mass can then be optionally cut to a desired size and stamped with desirable indicia.

[0215] 20 The total level of the adj uvant / fi Iler materials used in the cleansing bar composition should be in an amount not higher than 50%, preferably 1 to 50%, more preferably 3 to 45% by weight of the cleansing bar composition.

[0216] Structurants can be included in the cleansing bar composition. Suitable starchy

[0217] 25 materials which may be used include natural starch (from corn, wheat, rice, potato, tapioca, and the like), pregelatinized starch, various physically and chemically modified starch, and combinations thereof. By the term natural starch is meant starch which has not been subjected to chemical or physical modification - also known as raw or native starch. The raw starch can be used directly or modified during the process of making the cleansing bar composition such that the starch becomes gelatinized, either partially or fully gelatinized. The starch can assist in adding structure to bars produced from the cleansing bar composition.

[0218] Silica gel can also be used as a structurant. Silica gel can be pre-formed silica gel, or

[0219] 35 the generation of silica gel may be in-situ during the process to make cleansing bars. It P0001157 COM

[0220] 21 is understood that silica gel is a porous form of silicon dioxide. Silica gels are amorphous solids. The partial dipole in the Si-0 bond allows silica gel to hydrogen bond with water molecules while the porous nature and large surface area of silica gel enables the material to readily adsorb water. In accordance with the cleansing bar compositions

[0221] 5 disclosed herein and bars made therefrom, metal silicates can form silica gel in situ during the manufacture of the cleansing bar compositions.

[0222] The silica gel can be formed in-situ by acidulation of an alkaline metal silicate salt. Any metal silicate that can convert to silica gel can be used. For example, alkali metal

[0223] 10 silicates such as sodium silicate, potassium silicate, lithium silicate, calcium silicate, or any combination thereof can be used. The alkaline metal silicate can be added by itself (in a solid form) or in a wet form, such as a slurry or solution. The alkaline metal silicate component is preferably sodium silicate or alternatively, sodium silicate in combination with another metal silicate. Sodium silicate is a basic inorganic compound which is readily soluble in water, sodium silicate is often sold as an aqueous solution.

[0224] The cleansing bar composition can further comprise a polymeric agent. The polymeric agent can be used to provide lathering properties to the cleansing bar composition and any cleansing bars made therefrom. It was unexpectedly found that combination of the

[0225] 20 saturated soap, unsaturated soap, the polymeric agent, and potassium soap provided lather boosting properties (e.g., increasing volume, creaminess, and / or elasticity) to the cleansing bar composition or bars made therefrom.

[0226] In an embodiment, the cleansing bar composition comprises greater than or equal to

[0227] 25 0.5% by weight of the polymeric agent, for example, greater than or equal to 1 % by weight, for example, greater than or equal to 2% by weight, for example, greater than or equal to 3% by weight, for example, greater than or equal to 4% by weight, for example, 0.5 to 5% by weight, for example, 0.5 to 4% by weight, for example, 0.5 to 2.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition, including any and all ranges and values subsumed therein.

[0228] Desirable cationic polymers can be homopolymers which are cationically substituted or may be formed from two or more types of monomers. The weight average (Mw) molecular weight of the polymers can be 100,000 to 2 million Daltons. The polymers will have cationic

[0229] 35 nitrogen containing groups such as quaternary ammonium or protonated amino groups, or P0001157 COM

[0230] 22 a combination thereof. If the molecular weight of the polymer is too low, then the conditioning effect is poor. If too high, then there may be problems of high extensional viscosity leading to stringiness of the composition when it is poured.

[0231] 5 The cationic nitrogen-containing group can generally be present as a substituent on a fraction of the total monomer units of the cationic polymer. Thus, when the polymer is not a homopolymer it can contain spacer non-cationic monomer units. Such polymers are described in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Directory, 3rd edition. The ratio of the cationic to non-cationic monomer units is selected to give polymers having a cationic charge density in the required range, which is generally from 0.2 to 3.0 milliequivalents per gram (meq / gm). The cationic charge density of the polymer is suitably determined via the Kjeldahl method as described in the US Pharmacopoeia under chemical tests for nitrogen determination.

[0232] 15 Desirable cationic polymers include, for example, copolymers of vinyl monomers having cationic amine or quaternary ammonium functionalities with water soluble spacer monomers such as (meth)acrylamide, alkyl and dialkyl (meth)acrylamides, alkyl (meth)acrylate, vinyl caprolactone and vinyl pyrrolidine. The alkyl and dialkyl substituted monomers preferably have C1-C7 alkyl groups, more preferably C1-3 alkyl groups.

[0233] 20 Other suitable spacers include vinyl esters, vinyl alcohol, maleic anhydride, propylene glycol and ethylene glycol.

[0234] The cationic amines can be primary, secondary or tertiary amines, depending upon the particular species and the pH of the composition. In general, secondary and tertiary

[0235] 25 amines, especially tertiary, are preferred.

[0236] Amine substituted vinyl monomers and amines can be polymerized in the amine form and then converted to ammonium by quaternization.

[0237] 30 The cationic polymers can comprise mixtures of monomer units derived from amine- and / or quaternary ammonium-substituted monomer and / or compatible spacer monomers.

[0238] Suitable cationic polymers include, for example: P0001157 COM

[0239] 23 cationic diallyl quaternary ammonium-containing polymers including, for example, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer and copolymers of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 6 and Polyquaternium 7, respectively;

[0240] 5 mineral acid salts of amino-alkyl esters of homo-and co-polymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, (as described in U.S. Patent 4,009,256); cationic polyacrylamides(as described in International Application No. WO 95 / 22311). cationic diallyl quaternary ammonium-containing polymers including polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a trimethyl ammonium substitute (PQ-10);

[0241] PQ-28 (polyvinyl pyrrolidone-methyacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride.

[0242] 15

[0243] Other cationic polymers that can be used include cationic polysaccharide polymers, such as cationic cellulose derivatives, cationic starch derivatives, and cationic guar gum derivatives.

[0244] 20 In an embodiment, the cationic polymer can comprise quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a trimethyl ammonium substitute (PQ-10), polymeric quaternary ammonium slat of diethyl sulfate and a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate (PQ-11), polyvinyl pyrrolidone-methyacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride (PQ-28), or a combination thereof.

[0245] 25

[0246] Cationic polysaccharide polymers suitable for use in compositions disclosed herein include monomers of the formula:

[0247] A-O-[R-N+(R1)(R2)(R3)X-], wherein: A is an anhydroglucose residual group, such as a starch or cellulose anhydroglucose residual. R is an alkylene, oxyalkylene, polyoxyalkylene, or hydroxyalkylene group, or combination thereof. R1, R2and R3independently represent alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxyaryl groups, each group containing

[0248] 35 up to about 18 carbon atoms. The total number of carbon atoms for each cationic moiety P0001157 COM

[0249] 24

[0250] (i.e., the sum of carbon atoms in R1, R2and R3) is preferably about 20 or less, and X is an anionic counterion.

[0251] Another type of cationic cellulose includes the polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of

[0252] 5 hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryl dimethyl ammonium-substituted epoxide, referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 24. These materials are available from the Amerchol Corporation, for instance under the tradename Polymer LM-200.

[0253] Other suitable cationic polysaccharide polymers include quaternary nitrogen-containing cellulose ethers (e.g., as described in U.S. Patent No. 3,962,418), and copolymers of etherified cellulose and starch (e.g., as described in U.S. Patent No. 3,958,581).

[0254] A particularly suitable type of cationic polysaccharide polymer that can be used is a cationic guar gum derivative, such as guar hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride

[0255] 15 (commercially available from Rhodia in their JAGUAR trademark series). Examples of such materials are JAGUAR™ C13S, JAGUAR™ C14, JAGUAR™ C15 and JAGUAR™ C17.

[0256] Mixtures of any of the above cationic polymers may be used.

[0257] 20 The polymeric agent can comprise a cationic polymer, for example, a cationic guar polymer, for example, guar hydroxyproplytrimonium chloride. In an embodiment, the polymeric agent is a cationic polymer, for example, a cationic guar polymer, for example, guar hydroxyproplytrimonium chloride.

[0258] 25 The cleansing bar composition can further optionally comprise a humectant. The humectant can be present in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, for example, 0.25 to 10% by weight, for example, 0.5 to 10% by weight, for example, 1.0 to 10% by weight, for example, 1 to 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition, including any and all ranges and values subsumed therein. In an

[0259] 30 embodiment, the humectant is present in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, 0.25 to 10% by weight, 0.5 to 10% by weight, 1.0 to 10% by weight, 1 to 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition, including any and all ranges and values subsumed therein. P0001157 COM

[0260] 25

[0261] The humectant can be employed to assist in moisturization effects of the cleansing bar composition. Humectants are generally known as moisturizers that attract water from the air or deeper in the skin. Stated another way, humectants draw water into the skin, hair, or nails. The humectants can generally be polyhydric alcohol type materials.

[0262] 5 Typical polyhydric alcohols include glycerol (i.e. , glycerine or glycerin), propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol (e.g., PPG-9), polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, hydroxypropyl sorbitol, hexylene glycol, 1 ,3-butylene glycol, isoprene glycol, 1 ,2,6- hexanetriol, ethoxylated glycerol, propoxylated glycerol, or a combination thereof. Most preferred is glycerin, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, the humectant can be propylene glycol, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerin, triethylene glycol, erythritol, hyaluronic acid, polypropylene glycol-7 proypyl heptyl ether, or a combination thereof.

[0263] The cleansing bar composition disclosed herein can be extrudable and formed into bars.

[0264] 15 Bars can comprise the cleansing bar composition as disclosed herein. The cleansing bar composition and bars made therefrom can have a pH of 9.5 to 11 , for example, 10 to 11 , for example, 10.5 to 11.

[0265] Except where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numbers in this description indicating

[0266] 20 amounts of material or conditions of reaction, physical properties of materials and / or use are to be understood as modified by the word “about.” All amounts are by weight of the final composition, unless otherwise specified.

[0267] It should be noted that in specifying any range of concentration or amount, any particular

[0268] 25 upper concentration can be associated with any particular lower concentration or amount as well as any subranges consumed therein. In that regard, it is noted that all ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the endpoints, and the endpoints are independently combinable with each other (e.g., ranges of “up to 25% by weight, or, more specifically, 5% by weight to 20% by weight”, in inclusive of the endpoints and all intermediate values of the ranges of 5% by weight to 25% by weight, etc.). “Combination” is inclusive of blends, mixtures, alloys, reaction products, and the like. Furthermore, the terms “first,” “second,” and the like herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The terms “a” and “an” and “the” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity and are to be construed to cover both the

[0269] 35 singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by P0001157 COM

[0270] 26 context. The suffix “(s)” as used herein is intended to include both the singular and the plural of the term it modifies, thereby including one or more of the term (e.g., the film(s) includes one or more films). Reference throughout the specification to “one embodiment”, “one aspect”, “another embodiment”, “another aspect”, “an embodiment”,

[0271] 5 “an aspect” and so forth means that a particular element (e.g., feature, structure, and / or characteristic) described in connection with the embodiment or aspect is included in at least one embodiment or aspect described herein and may or may not be present in other embodiments or aspects. In addition, it is to be understood that the described elements may be combined in any suitable manner in the various embodiments or

[0272] 10 aspects.

[0273] All cited patents, patent applications, and other references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. However, if a term in the present application contradicts or conflicts with a term in the incorporated reference, the term from the present application takes precedence over the conflicting term from the incorporated reference. While particular aspects have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents that are or may be presently unforeseen may arise to applicants or others skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims as filed and as they may be amended are intended to embrace all such alternatives,

[0274] 20 modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents.

[0275] For the avoidance of doubt the word “comprising” is intended to mean “including” but not necessarily “consisting of” or “composed of.” In other words, the listed steps, options, or alternatives need not be exhaustive.

[0276] 25

[0277] The disclosure of the invention as found herein is to be considered to cover all aspects as found in the claims as being multiply dependent upon each other irrespective of the fact that claims may be found without multiple dependency or redundancy. Unless otherwise specified, numerical ranges expressed in the format "from x to y" are understood to include x and y. In specifying any range of values or amounts, any particular upper value or amount can be associated with any particular lower value or amount. All percentages and ratios contained herein are calculated by weight unless otherwise indicated. The various features of the present invention referred to in individual sections above apply, as appropriate, to other sections mutatis mutandis.

[0278] 35 Consequently, features specified in one section may be combined with features specified P0001157 COM

[0279] 27 in other sections as appropriate. Any section headings are added for convenience only and are not intended to limit the disclosure in any way.

[0280] The following examples are merely illustrative of the cleansing bar compositions

[0281] 5 disclosed herein and are not intended to limit the scope hereof.

[0282] Examples

[0283] The following examples are merely illustrative of the cleansing bar compositions disclosed herein and are not intended to limit the scope hereof.

[0284] 10

[0285] In the following examples, bars were prepared according to the following process: fats / oi Is were added to a mixer. The mixer was heated to a temperature of 85 to 90°C. Caustic was slowly added to fully convert the starting materials to a soap mixture. The soap mixture was mixed for approximately 10 minutes after full caustic addition creating a final mixture. The final mixture was then chill-rolled into flakes and extruded, forming an extrudate. The extrudate was stamped into a cleansing bar.

[0286] The cleansing bars were tested for various properties including lather, as described in the test protocol. Table 1 lists the cleansing bar compositions for Examples 1 to 3. All

[0287] 20 amounts are listed in % by weight of the cleansing bar composition. Acceptable bars had a lather value with a score of 1 to 2.

[0288] Bar appraisal protocol

[0289] Lather Test

[0290] 25 Cleansing bars were evaluated by trained assessors under defined water hardness at constant temperature.

[0291] The test apparatus and conditions were as follows:

[0292] - Controlled running water flow: 2.5 L / min or bowl

[0293] - Ten-liter bowl with water at 30°C (hardness of the local country)

[0294] - Metronome set at 160 / 0 and stopwatch

[0295] - Thermometer

[0296] - Grittiness and Sandiness mock-ups - used to help the assessments on comparison of samples and definition of scores.

[0297] 35 - Assessments conducted by trained operators without gloves P0001157 COM

[0298] 28

[0299] The Procedure of lather assessment: i. Pre-treatment: Before starting the assessment, the bar was wetted under running water, twisted 20 times between hands at 180° to remove the dried out surface layer.

[0300] 5 Then the bar was replaced on the tray. ii. The bar was taken, dipped into a bowl and rotated out of the water 12 times at the pace of the metronome in 5 seconds counted on the chronometer. iii. The bar was placed on the tray. iv. The back of the left hand was swept with the right hand one single time to collect

[0301] 10 the lather that has been generated in both hands. v. The hands were twisted three times. vi. The lather amount was analyzed.

[0302] Attributes of lather quantity were measured according to the scale below.

[0303] Lather quantity of “good” and “excellent” are taken as good lathering properties where a score of 2 would be considered as consumer acceptable and representative of a marketed bar. Scores of 3 and less would be noticeably less and unacceptable to a

[0304] 20 consumer.

[0305] Comparative Samples 1 to 4 (C1-C4) and Samples 1 to 8 were prepared by the process previously disclosed herein in the example section. Comparative Sample 1 (C1) was a conventional soap bar. Comparative Sample 2 (C2) was a bar with a 50% PKO reduction

[0306] 25 and contained a 90 / 10 ratio of long chain / short chain soap. Comparative Sample 3 (C3) was a mainstream soap bar with 0% PKO. Comparative Sample 4 (C4) was another soap bar with 0% PKO. P0001157 COM

[0307] 29

[0308] Comparative Sample 16 (C16) contained 0% PKO and potassium soap. Comparative Sample 17 (C17) contained 0% PKO and a polymeric agent. Sample 3 contained 0% PKO and both potassium soap and a polymeric agent. Sample 4 contained 0% PKO and both potassium soap and a polymeric agent, both in higher amounts than Sample 3.

[0309] 5 Comparative Sample 18 (C18) contained a 90 / 10 ratio of long chain / short chain soap and potassium soap. Sample 6 contained a 90 / 10 ratio of long chain / short chain soap and both potassium soap and a polymeric agent. Sample 7 contained a 90 / 10 ratio of long chain / short chain soap and both potassium soap and polymeric agent in higher amounts than Sample 6. Sample 8 contained 0% PKO with both potassium soap and a 10 polymeric agent.

[0310] Table 1. Cleansing Bar Formulations with Lather Results P0001157 COM

[0311] 30

[0312] Table 2: Cleansing Bar Formulations with Lather Results

[0313] As can be seen from the samples, the polymeric agent and potassium soap on their own have limited lather boosting effects but together boost lather significantly in short chain 5 free and reduced short chain bar chasses. Before the present formulations, only bars like the comparative sample with short chain soaps achieved the best score of 1. A combination of the polymeric agent and potassium soap were able to raise the scores of bars that were as low as 4 and 5 to 1 .

[0314] 10 Table 3- Compositions in absence of short chain soap - Effect of Potassium Soap Level at fixed Iodine Value (IV) P0001157 COM

[0315] 31

[0316] The data presented in Table 3 indicated that in the absence of short chain soap, the acceptable lather was achieved with 5% or 6% potassium soap only when the IV is high.

[0317] 5 Table 4 - Compositions with 10% Short Chain Soap - Effect of IV

[0318] The data presented in Table 4 indicated that in the presence of 10% by weight of short chain soap to achieve acceptable lather with low potassium levels 2% to 3% the IV needed to be increased (comparative samples C13 and C14)

[0319] 10

[0320] Table 5: Compositions with varying short chain soap

[0321] Inventive Samples 6, 7, and 8 were as previously described herein. These samples were compared with C6, C1 , and C12 which did not contain lather boosting technology. In Table 5, it can be seen that a similar amount of potassium on its own did not yield acceptable lather, but when a polymeric agent such as JAGUAR™ 13S was added, the synergy and lather was acceptable.

[0322] Co-pending publication No. WO2024 / 099785 (from which Comparative Examples C5 to

[0323] 20 C15 derive) showed that increasing the level of potassium and / or IV could help boost bars to have acceptable lather. However, one skilled in the art of bar processing knows P0001157 COM

[0324] 32 that increasing these two things can lead to more difficulty in processing. Uncovering this synergy with polymeric agents such as JAGUAR™ 13S (and similar polymers) allowed the use of low levels of potassium to achieve the same desirable lather.

Claims

P0001157 COM33CLAIMS1 . A cleansing bar composition, comprising:40 to 75% by weight of C16 to C24 saturated soap, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition;20 to 45% by weight of C18 unsaturated soap, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition; greater than or equal to 2% by weight of a potassium soap, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition; and greater than or equal to 0.5% by weight of a polymeric agent, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition; wherein the potassium soap is present in an amount of 2 to 6% by weight, preferably, 2 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition.

2. The cleansing bar composition of Claim 1 , comprising less than or equal to 15% by weight C8 to C14 soap, preferably less than or equal to 10% by weight C8 to C14 soap, more preferably, less than or equal to 7.5% by weight C8 to C14 soap, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition.

3. The cleansing bar composition of Claim 1 , wherein the cleansing bar composition comprises 0 to 15% by weight C8 to C14 soap, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition.

4. The cleansing bar composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymeric agent is present in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition.

5. The cleansing bar composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymeric agent comprises a cationic polymer.

6. The cleansing bar composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymeric agent comprises a cationic guar polymer.P0001157 COM347. The cleansing bar composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the polymeric agent comprises guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride.

8. The cleansing bar composition of any of the preceding claims, further comprising a humectant, wherein the humectant is present in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition.

9. The cleansing bar composition of any of the preceding claims, comprising ricinoleic acid (C18:1) soap.

10. The cleansing bar composition of any of the preceding claims, comprising less than 10% by weight, based on total weight of the cleansing bar composition, of soap prepared from one or more of palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, tallow, palm olein, palm stearin, or a combination thereof.11 . The cleansing bar composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein a total amount of linoleic acid and oleic acid soap is 25 to 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing bar composition.

12. A bar comprising the cleansing bar composition of any of the preceding claims.

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