Intensive care and / or home respirator for humans or mammals based on a turbine ventilator

Abstract

The invention relates to a turbine ventilator (1) in a housing, comprising: a control and display section (S) and an internal inspiration path which is formed by an inlet section (I), an adjoining mixing and turbine section (II), a distribution and ventilation section (III) and an inspiration outlet (IV) with an inspiration cone (53). The aim of the invention is to create an optimized pneumatic inspiration path which has a reduced pneumatic overall resistance with insulated noise generation. This is achieved by the fact that the inlet section (I) has an inlet opening (10) with a filter (11) and a channel is designed in such a way that the first gas is guided helically along a circular path in a first circular direction, then introduced through a second through-opening (14) parallel in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the inlet section (I) into a second damping chamber (15), guided on a second circular path in an opposite second circular direction in the second damping chamber (15) and subsequently guided out of the third through-opening (16) into a turbine chamber (20) in the mixing and turbine section (II).

Description

[0001] Intensive and / or home respirator for humans or mammals based on a turbine-driven ventilator

[0002] Technical field

[0003] The present invention describes a turbine ventilator in a housing comprising: a control and display section and an internal inspiratory path, which is formed by an inlet section, a subsequent mixing and turbine section, a distribution and ventilation section and an inspiratory outlet with an inspiratory cone.

[0004] State of the art

[0005] These are known as intensive care and / or home ventilators for extended and differentiated ventilation therapies for patients, usually humans and mammals, based on a turbine ventilator. As the name suggests, turbine ventilators have at least one built-in turbine that draws in ambient air, compresses it, and delivers it to the patient's airways at the necessary pressure. The turbine generates air pressure that assists the patient's breathing. Turbine ventilators can be precisely adjusted, autonomously generating the desired air pressure, thus enabling the creation of desired ventilation patterns, i.e., the temporal profiles of pressure and volume of the delivered air. Optionally, some models can be connected to an external oxygen supply to regulate the oxygen concentration of the delivered air.

[0006] Turbine ventilators come in two main types: those with and those without an inspiratory valve. An inspiratory valve is located between the turbine and the ventilator outlet and is used to regulate the flow of ventilator air. In ventilators with an inspiratory valve, the turbine maintains a constant pressure, and the flow of ventilator air is primarily controlled by the inspiratory valve.

[0007] To ensure the overall success of treatment, successful weaning is essential. This involves the gradual reduction of respiratory support from the turbine ventilator as the patient's own breathing increases, thus achieving weaning from the turbine ventilator.

[0008] For effective and comfortable spontaneous breathing with a turbine ventilator, precise trigger sensitivity, optimal pressure support, and low breathing resistance are crucial. The breathing resistance in the ventilation system should be kept as low as possible (e.g., < 4 mbar / L / s @ 60 bpm). This means that the tubing, filters, and valves of the turbine ventilator should be designed so that the patient can breathe with minimal effort.

[0009] Turbine ventilators without an inspiratory valve have the advantage that the turbine allows for free breathing, unlike a valve. This means that the patient automatically receives more air during increased spontaneous breathing without intervention from the turbine ventilator. The degree of this inherent pressure regulation depends primarily on the total pneumatic resistance between the intake port and the patient interface (mask / endotracheal tube).

[0010] The turbine ventilators known so far from Hamilton Medical, Dräger Medical, Philips Respironics, Mindray or Löwenstein Medical either offer turbine ventilators with an inspiratory valve.

[0011] P2410075WO and / or external central compressed air supply and / or other means which only have suboptimal ventilation performance, without placing great emphasis on the lowest possible overall pneumatic resistance.

[0012] Description of the invention

[0013] The present invention aims to create a turbine ventilator without an inspiratory valve with an optimized pneumatic inspiratory path from an inlet opening to the inspiratory path outlet, so that a minimal total pneumatic resistance is achieved in the pneumatic inspiratory path, while also dampening the noise generation at low total pneumatic resistance.

[0014] Variations in feature combinations or minor adjustments to the invention can be found in the detailed description, illustrated in the figures, and included in the dependent patent claims.

[0015] Brief description of the drawings

[0016] A preferred embodiment of the invention is described in detail below in connection with the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Further features, details, and advantages of the invention will also become apparent from the following description of slightly modified embodiments of the invention, some of which will be clear to a person skilled in the art simply from the drawings. These are illustrated in

[0018] Figure 1a of P2410075WO shows a schematic perspective front view of the turbine ventilator, while

[0019] Figure 1b shows a schematic perspective rear view of the turbine ventilator.

[0020] Figure 2 shows the basic structure of the turbine ventilator in a schematic view.

[0021] Figure 3 shows an exploded view of part of an inlet section and part of the mixing and turbine section with damping chamber and turbine chamber including turbine.

[0022] Figure 4 shows a dual connector, also in a schematic view.

[0023] Figure 5 shows a top view of a plate construction with a total of three layers as part of the inspiration path, while

[0024] Figure 6 shows a sectional view of a stepless inspiration outlet with a curved S-shape at the end of the inspiration path.

[0025] P2410075WO Description

[0026] The turbine ventilator 1, consistently designated by reference numeral 1 and shown in the ready-to-use views according to Figures 1a and 1b, has a touch display 2 and an inspiratory cone 53 on the front. On the rear, there is an inlet 10 for the first gas, usually ambient air, and a gas connection 44 for a second gas, usually oxygen.

[0027] The turbine ventilator 1 in a housing, comprising: a control and display section S and an internal inspiratory path within the housing, formed from: an inlet section I, a subsequent mixing and turbine section II, a distribution and ventilation section III and an inspiratory outlet IV.

[0028] Figure 2 shows in detail the schematic structure with the associated channel system of inspiration pathways I, II, III, IV.

[0029] The housing of the turbine ventilator 1 contains the control and display section S, which consists of an electronics unit 3 with a processing unit 4 connected to the touch display 2 and a storage unit 5. The processing unit 4 is connected to at least two pressure sensors 51 and 42. Monitoring the prevailing gas pressure is of great importance for optimal ventilation.

[0030] The inlet section I has an inlet opening 10, to which a filter 11 is connected within a corresponding filter housing. Ambient air is drawn into the inhalation path through the inlet opening 10 and the subsequent filter 11.

[0031] P2410075WO The intake ambient air is guided after filter 11 through a first through-opening 12, through a first damping chamber 13, via a second through-opening 14 into a second damping chamber 15, and then through a third through-opening 16 from inlet section I into mixing and turbine section II. The design of inlet section I results in quiet operation with low breathing resistance. A closing wall 17 is indicated here, which is either molded onto the first damping chamber 13 or the second damping chamber 15, or is attached as a separate closing wall 17 during assembly between both damping chambers 13 and 15. Crucially, the damping chambers 13 and 15 are designed such that the predetermined gas path is achieved.

[0032] Mixing and turbine section II has a turbine chamber 20, which is connected on one side to the third through-opening 16 and in which a turbine 22 is mounted. The term turbine 22 can also refer to other pumping devices. In particular, turbines with rotational speeds of up to 70,000 revolutions per minute are provided. A second sealing ring 21, a first sealing ring 23, a seventh sealing ring 24, and a dual connecting piece 25 ensure a gas-tight and vibration-isolated seal of the turbine chamber 20 and of the connection of the dual connecting piece 25 to the turbine chamber 20. The second gas, usually pure oxygen, can be added to the first gas, the aspirated ambient air, via the dual connecting piece 25. Mixing and turbine section II is gas-tightly connected to the distribution and ventilation section III along the inspiratory path via the dual connecting piece 25.

[0033] From the mixing and turbine section II or the turbine chamber 20, the gas mixture is fed into the distribution and ventilation section III, which is designed here as a plate construction III.

[0034] P2410075WO The plate construction III has an upper layer 30 and a middle layer 32, in which a second channel system 40, a second perforated plate 41, a second pressure sensor 42, a fifth through-hole 43, a gas connection cone 44 for the added second gas, ideally oxygen, a first channel system 50, a first pressure sensor 51, a fourth through-hole 56 and a first perforated plate 52 are arranged.

[0035] The outlet end of the inspiratory path, which completely crosses the turbine ventilator 1 from the inlet opening 10 to the inspiratory cone 53, forms a stepless inspiratory outlet IV, which in turn keeps the overall pneumatic resistance low.

[0036] The turbine ventilator 1 draws in the first gas, ideally ambient air, through the inlet opening 10, which serves as physical protection for the subsequent filter 11, preferably a HEPA filter 11 and / or a fine dust filter 11. HEPA filters, short for High Efficiency Particulate Air, are highly efficient particle filters that serve to clean the air of the smallest suspended particles. These filters are particularly effective against particles with an aerodynamic diameter of up to 0.3 micrometers and achieve a separation efficiency of over 99.9%.

[0037] The volume of filter 11, i.e., HEPA filter 11, should be greater than 300,000 mm³. 3 This results not only in extremely low resistance, but also in a longer service interval for the HEPA filter 11.

[0038] Tests have shown that the cross-section of the filter 11 is at least 1 / 8 to 1 / 4 of the total housing cross-sectional area should be so that the ventilation resistance of the turbine ventilator 1 can be kept as low as possible.

[0039] P2410075WO The first gas is guided through the filter 11 and from there through the first through-opening 12 into the damping system consisting of the first and second damping chambers 13, 15 and the second and third through-openings 14, 16. The path of the aspirated first gas is shown in detail with reference to the technical features in Figure 3.

[0040] The damping system consists of a first damping chamber 13, which guides the first gas spirally along a circular path in a first circular direction before directing the first gas through a second through-opening 14 parallel to a longitudinal axis of the inlet section I into a second damping chamber 15. The aforementioned at least one end wall 17 provides a seal between the damping chambers 13 and 15, with the second damping opening 14 correspondingly recessed in the end wall 17.

[0041] In the second damping chamber 15, the first gas is guided in a second circular direction opposite to the flow direction in the first damping chamber 13 and then directed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the inlet section I out of the third through-opening 16.

[0042] The air channels in the first damping chamber 13, the second through-opening 14 and the second damping chamber 15, as well as the third through-opening 16, are designed with a constant, as large a diameter as possible. The alternating directions maximize the length of airflow within a short inlet section.

[0043] The channels are designed in such a way that the first gas is guided spirally along a circular path in a first circular direction, then

[0044] P2410075WO is introduced through the second through-opening 14 parallel in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the inlet section I into the second damping chamber 15, then guided in the second damping chamber 15 in the opposite second circular direction, with respect to the flow direction in the first damping chamber 13, on the second circular path and then directed parallel in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the inlet section I out of the third through-opening 16 into the turbine chamber 20 in the mixing and turbine section II, wherein the inspiration path is designed with a constant channel diameter at least along the inlet section I and the subsequent mixing and turbine section II.

[0045] Due to this design of the first and second damping chambers 13, 15, the first gas on its spiral path passes through an angle or arc of between 200° and 320° in each damping chamber 13, 15 and thus a maximally extended channel along a longitudinal extension of the first and second damping chambers 13, 15, which together with the reversal of direction leads to optimal noise reduction with low resistance.

[0046] The turbine 22 draws in the first gas and the optional second gas, mixes it in the closed turbine chamber 20, with the dual connecting piece 25 providing for the supply and discharge of the gas.

[0047] The damping chambers 13 and 15 should be designed to have a cross-sectional area of ​​120 mm² 2 The limit is never undercut. Together with the reversal of direction of the first gas, the noise is sufficiently dampened despite the large cross-sectional area.

[0048] Figure 4 shows the dual connecting piece 25, which allows the first and second gases to mix. From the third

[0049] P2410075WO Through opening 16 the first gas is fed into the turbine chamber 20, where the first gas is enriched with a second gas (ideally oxygen > 90%).

[0050] The second gas is introduced via a first channel 251 of the dual connecting piece 25.

[0051] The connection between the first channel 251 and the turbine chamber 20 is sealed with the first sealing ring 23. The turbine 22 is located in the turbine chamber 20 and is secured with the second sealing ring 21 for sealing and vibration suppression.

[0052] Turbine 22 draws in the gas mixture, consisting of the first and second gases, and increases its gas pressure. The gas mixture is then guided through the vibration-damping and sealing seventh sealing ring 24 to the second channel 252 of the dual connecting piece 25. The gas flow is indicated by the black arrows.

[0053] Within the dual connecting piece 25, thermal equalization takes place between the gas mixture in the second channel 252 and the second gas in the first channel 251. In the embodiment shown here, this offers the particular advantage of increased measurement accuracy.

[0054] The dual connector 25 is connected to the upper layer 30 of the multi-layered plate construction III. The third sealing ring 26 provides the seal between the dual connector 25 and the upper layer 30, as well as between the first channel 251 and the second channel 252.

[0055] The gas mixture of the second channel 252 is passed through the fourth

[0056] Passage opening 56 into the first channel system 50 of the middle position

[0057] P2410075WO 32 of the plate construction. The sealing plate 31 forms the seal between the upper layer 30 and the middle layer 32. The second gas is directed from the second channel system 40 of the middle layer 32 of the plate construction III through a fifth through-opening 43 into the first channel 251 of the dual connecting piece 25.

[0058] In the first channel system 50, a first perforated plate 52 is located to generate an initial differential pressure for the first flow measurement. The resulting initial differential pressure is measured by the first pressure sensor 51, connected via the upper layer 30, with the measurement taking place in the middle layer 32. The design allows for a quadratically increasing differential pressure, which results in a very low dynamic pressure, especially for normal gas flows (+ / - 100 ipm). This, in turn, helps to keep the resistance of the entire pneumatic system, i.e., along the inspiratory path, very low. In exceptional cases, the flow can increase to 300 ipm. However, this is unusual, and the system therefore does not need to be optimized for such high flow rates.

[0059] To achieve the lowest possible pneumatic resistance within the inspiration path, the first channel system 50 should be designed such that the cross-sectional area of ​​the channels never exceeds 120 mm².2 This falls below the required value. This provides a good compromise between resistance and size of the turbine ventilator 1.

[0060] Furthermore, the first channel system 50 should not contain any sharp corners, edges, or steps to prevent turbulence in the gas mixture. These corners, edges, and steps are accordingly recessed into the material, forming the corresponding channels.

[0061] P2410075WO The gas mixture exits the first channel system 50 from the middle layer 32 via the lower layer 54, the connection between the middle layer 32 and the lower layer 54 being sealed by the sixth sealing ring 55. The inspiratory cone 53, which serves as the interface between the turbine ventilator 1 and an external tubing system, is attached to the lower layer 54.

[0062] In the second channel system 40 in the middle layer 32, which is separated from the first channel system 50, there is a second perforated plate 41 to generate a second differential pressure for the second flow measurement. The second pressure sensor 42, also connected via the upper layer 30, measures the differential pressure in the middle layer 32, which is generated by the second perforated plate 41.

[0063] The gas connection cone 44 shown in Figure 2, which is ideally a connection for a high- or low-pressure oxygen supply or both, connects the second channel system 40 to an external gas supply (not shown) for the injection of the second gas.

[0064] The lower layer 54 is smaller than the plates of the upper layer 30 and the middle layer 32. As can be seen in Figure 6, the channel between the middle layer 32 and the lower layer 54 runs in a curved S-shape 541, i.e., without steps and with a constant cross-section. This prevents turbulence and increased ventilation resistance. The advantage of the lower layer 54 is that the outer placement of the inspiratory cone 53 can be flexibly positioned.

[0065] The patient benefits directly from the resistance-optimized system and inspiratory pathway. The low resistance enables comfortable and resistance-free spontaneous breathing, leading to better synchronization between the turbine ventilator 1 and the patient.

[0066] P2410075WO Furthermore, the plate construction III allows for simple and cost-effective manufacturing, requiring no special machinery or tools. Therefore, the turbine ventilator 1 is designed to be produced anywhere in the world. The large filter 11 not only ensures low resistance but also a long service interval, which is particularly advantageous for countries with high levels of air pollution.

[0067] Optionally, the first channel system 50 can be supplemented with additional sensors for pressure, humidity, and oxygen. This allows for pressure-controlled ventilation and precise regulation of the gas mixture ratio.

[0068] Furthermore, the plate construction III can be extended with additional layers to, for example, enable the use of a high-pressure oxygen source with pressures between 2 and 7 bar. Either the existing middle layer 32 is supplemented with a valve and additional sensors, or an additional fourth layer includes the corresponding metering valves and connections for the oxygen source.

[0069] The middle layer 32 can be expanded or enlarged to enable additional functions such as:

[0070] The control of an exhalation valve, and thus the support of two-tube systems and therefore more flexible use of the turbine ventilator 1. For the control of an exhalation valve, an additional proportional valve and a pressure sensor after the proportional valve are required as well as an exhaust opening to reduce the control pressure of the exhalation valve.

[0071] The measurement of proximal pressure and flow using two additional internal sensors (pressure sensor and differential pressure sensor) as well as an external differential pressure / flow sensor would increase dosing and measurement accuracy.

[0072] P2410075WO Additional valves to automatically adjust the internal sensors - in particular an offset compensation for piezoelectric pressure sensors.

[0073] A pump is used to continuously or pulse-flush the measuring leads of the proximal sensor. This prevents the accumulation of water droplets within the proximal flow sensor and thus prevents contamination of the device by bacteria or viruses from the patient. Ideally, the pump is designed as a piezoelectric diaphragm pump, enabling silent and energy-efficient operation.

[0074] A pneumatic nebulizer, powered by a possible high-pressure oxygen system, is used to nebulize medication close to the patient. An additional differential pressure sensor for flow measurement and a proportional valve for flow control are installed in the duct system 50.

[0075] P2410075WO Reference List

[0076] 1 turbine ventilator / ventilator

[0077] S Control and display section

[0078] 2 Touch Display

[0079] 3 Electronics

[0080] 4 Calculation unit

[0081] 5 storage units

[0082] I Entrance section (of the inspiration path)

[0083] (here with filters and damping agents)

[0084] 10 Inlet opening for the first gas = ambient air

[0085] 11 filters (preferably HEPA filters and / or fine dust filters)

[0086] 12 First passageway

[0087] 13 First damping chamber

[0088] 14 Second passageway

[0089] 15 Second damping chamber

[0090] 16 Third passageway

[0091] 17 End wall (optionally attached to 13 or 15, molded on or placed between)

[0092] II Mixing and turbine section

[0093] 20 turbine chamber

[0094] 21 Second sealing ring

[0095] 22 Turbine (gas turbine)

[0096] 23 First sealing ring

[0097] 24 Seventh sealing ring

[0098] 25 Dual connector

[0099] 251 First channel for second gas

[0100] 252 Second channel for gas mixture

[0101] III Distribution and ventilation section / plate construction (with channel system)

[0102] 26 Third sealing ring

[0103] 30 Top layer

[0104] 31 Sealing plate

[0105] 32 Medium location

[0106] 40 Second canal system

[0107] 41 Second perforated plate

[0108] 42 Second pressure sensor

[0109] 43 Fifth passageway

[0110] 44 Gas connection cone (e.g. for connecting oxygen)

[0111] 50 First canal system

[0112] 51 First pressure sensor

[0113] 52 First perforated plate

[0114] 56 Fourth passageway

[0115] IV stepless inspiration outlet

[0116] 53 Inspiration Cones

[0117] 54 Lower layer

[0118] 541 Curved S-shape

[0119] 55 Sixth sealing ring

[0120] P2410075WO

Claims

Patent claims 1. Turbine ventilator (1) in a housing, comprising: a control and display section (S) and an internal inspiratory path, which is formed by an inlet section (I), a subsequent mixing and turbine section (II), a distribution and ventilation section (III) and an inspiratory outlet (IV) with an inspiratory cone (53), characterized in that the inlet section (I) has an inlet opening (10), wherein a filter (11) is mounted in a filter housing adjoining the inlet section in the housing of the turbine ventilator (1) and at least one first damping chamber (13) connects to the filter (11) along the inspiratory path via a first through-opening (12), in which a channel is formed such that the first gas flows in a spiral pattern. - is guided along a circular path in a first circular direction, - then introduced through a second through-opening (14) parallel in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the inlet section (I) into a second damping chamber (15), - in the second damping chamber (15) in a second circular direction opposite to the flow direction in the first damping chamber (13), on a second circular path and then parallel in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the inlet section (I) out of the third through-opening (16), into a turbine chamber (20) with a turbine (22) in the mixing and turbine section (II). P2410075WO 2. Turbine ventilator (1) according to claim 1, wherein the channel of the first circular path in the first damping chamber (13) and the channel of the second circular path in the second damping chamber (15) each form an angle or a circular arc between 200° and 320° in each damping chamber (13, 15).

3. Turbine ventilator (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cross-sectional areas of the channels in the first damping chamber (13) and the second damping chamber (15) are greater than or equal to 120 mm² 2 are.

4. Turbine ventilator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the turbine (22) is mounted in the turbine chamber (20) in a gas-tight and vibration-isolated manner, wherein the turbine chamber (20) is connected to the distribution and ventilation section (III) by means of a dual connecting piece (25) in a gas-tight manner, so that a second gas can be added to the ambient air in a controlled manner, which escapes from the distribution and ventilation section (III) into the inspiration outlet (IV).

5. Turbine ventilator (1) according to claim 4, wherein the dual connecting piece (25) has a separate first channel (251) for introducing a second gas and a second channel (252) separated from it by a gas seal for directing a gas mixture into the distribution and ventilation section (III), wherein several sealing rings (23, 24, 26) ensure the gas seal.

6. Turbine ventilator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the distribution and ventilation section (III) is a multi-layered plate construction (III) comprising an upper P2410075WO The structure consists of a layer (30) with a first channel system (50) and a middle layer (32) with a second channel system (40).

7. Turbine ventilator (1) according to claims 5 and 6, wherein the dual connecting piece (25) is connected to the upper layer (30) of the multilayer plate construction (III) and the third sealing ring (26) ensures the seal between dual connecting piece (25) and upper layer (30), as well as between the first channel (251) and the second channel (252).

8. Turbine ventilator (1) according to claim 7, wherein a sealing plate (31) forms a seal between the upper layer (30) and the middle layer (32) and the supplied gas is formed by a second channel system (40) of the middle layer (32) of the plate construction (III) through a fifth through-opening (43) into the first channel (251) of the dual connecting piece (25).

9. Turbine ventilator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a first channel system (50) with a first perforated plate (52) is recessed in a middle position (32), wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the channels of the first channel system (50) is continuously greater than or equal to 120 mm² 2 is and the first channel system (50) is recessed without steps or corners or edges.

10. Turbine ventilator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 6 to 9, wherein a first pressure sensor (51) and a second pressure sensor (42) are arranged in the upper position (30) and are connected to the control and display section (S).

11. Turbine ventilator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the inspiratory outlet (IV) is equipped with inspiratory- P2410075WO Cone (53) stepless and with consistent The channel diameter is designed to run from a lower layer (54) to the middle layer (32).

12. Turbine ventilator (1) according to claim 11, wherein the lower layer (54) is smaller than the upper layer (30) and the middle layer (32) and the channel between the middle layer (32) and the lower layer (54) is formed in a curved S-shape (541), step-free and with a constant cross-section.

13. Turbine ventilator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the filter (11) is designed as a HEPA filter (11) and / or fine dust filter (11) and the volume of the filter (11) is greater than 300000 mm³ 3 is.

14. Turbine ventilator (1) according to claim 13, wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the filter (11) is between 1 / 8 and 1 / 4 of the total housing cross-sectional area of ​​the turbine ventilator (1).

15. Turbine ventilator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control and display section (S) is formed by an electronics (3), a computing unit (4), a touch display (2), a storage unit (5), wherein the storage unit (5) is connected to at least two pressure sensors (51, 42). P2410075WO

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