Lubricating oils for limiting corrosion

Abstract

A method of reducing corrosion and / or rust in hydrogen fuel engine is described. The method involves lubricating the hydrogen fuel engine with a lubricating oil composition that includes major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and an alkoxylated alkylphenol.

Description

[0001] LUBRICATING OILS FOR LIMITING CORROSION

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0003]

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 734,487, filed December 16, 2024, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

[0004] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0005]

[0002] This disclosure relates to lubricating oil compositions. More specifically, this disclosure relates to lubricating oil formulations designed to improve corrosion performance.

[0006] BACKGROUND

[0007]

[0003] Corrosion is considered a key potential risk in engines fueled by hydrogen which produce more water as a combustion product compared with conventional fuels. Conventional lubricating oils are designed for gasoline, diesel, or natural gas engines which have lower water content and thus lower risk for corrosion. Therefore, new lubricating oils specifically designed hydrogen engines are needed, particularly with higher corrosion resistance in mind.

[0008] SUMMARY

[0009]

[0004] In one aspect, there is provided a method of reducing corrosion and / or rust in hydrogen fuel engine, the method comprising: lubricating the hydrogen fuel engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising: major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; and an alkoxylated alkylphenol.

[0010]

[0005] In yet another aspect, there is provided a use of a lubricating oil composition comprising major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and an alkoxylated alkylphenol in a hydrogen fuel engine to reduce corrosion and / or rust.

[0011] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0012]

[0006] FIG. 1 is an illustration described in the Example section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013]

[0007] It is understood that when combinations, subsets, groups, etc. of elements are disclosed (e.g., combinations of components in a composition, or combinations of steps in a method), that while specific reference of each of the various individual and collective combinations and permutations of these elements may not be explicitly disclosed, each is specifically contemplated and described herein.

[0014]

[0008] The present disclosure relates to lubricating oil compositions for use in hydrogen fuel engines. The lubricating oil compositions are formulated to enhance or improve corrosion, rust, and / or emulsion retention performance. The lubricating oil composition of this disclosure includes a major amount of base oil and an alkoxylated alkylphenol described herein.

[0015] Alkoxylated Alkylphenols

[0016]

[0009] The lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure includes a alkoxylated alkylphenol compounds which imparts one or more performance benefits to the lubricating oil composition.

[0017]

[0010] In some embodiments, the alkoxylated alkylphenol of the present disclosure may be an alkoxylated alkylphenol having the following generalized structure: wherein R1is C1-C24 hydrocarbyl group; R2is H, methyl, or ethyl group; and n is an integer from 1 to 10.

[0018]

[0011] The term “hydrocarbyl” refers to a moiety that includes both carbon and hydrogen atoms (“hydrocarbon”). In some embodiments, hydrocarbyl may refer to hydrocarbon comprising heteroatoms (e.g., sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, etc.). Hydrocarbyl may refer to saturated or unsaturated moieties, aliphatic or aromatic moieties, cyclic or acylic, branched or unbranched moieties.

[0019]

[0012] Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include the following:

[0020]

[0021]

[0013] The alkoxylated alkylphenol can be prepared by any compatible method such as ethoxylation (i.e., reaction with ethylene oxide) or propoxylation (i.e., reaction with propylene oxide) of alkylphenol.

[0022]

[0014] Examples of alkoxylated alkylphenols include, but are not limited to, ethoxylated decylphenol, ethoxylated undecylphenol, ethoxylated dodecylphenol, ethoxylated tridecylphenol, ethoxylated tetradecylphenol, propoxylated decylphenol, propoxylated undecylphenol, propoxylated dodecylphenol, propoxylated tridecylphenol, or propoxylated tetradecylphenol.

[0023]

[0015] Non-limiting examples of alkoxylated alkylphenol structures include the following:

[0024]

[0025]

[0016] The amount of alkoxylated alkylphenol is from about 0.01 wt. % to about 0.14 wt. % based on the total lubricating oil composition such as from about 0.02 wt.% to about 0.14 wt.%, about 0.02 wt.% to about 0.13 wt.%, about 0.02 wt.% to about 0.12 wt.%, about 0.02 wt.% to about 0.11 wt.%, about 0.02 wt.% to about 0.10 wt.%, about 0.02 wt.% to about 0.09 wt.%, about 0.02 wt.% to about 0.08 wt.%, about 0.02 wt.% to about 0.07 wt.%, about 0.02 wt.% to about 0.06 wt.%, about 0.03 wt.% to about 0.14 wt.%, about 0.03 wt.% to about 0.13 wt.%, about 0.03 wt.% to about 0.12 wt.%, about 0.03 wt.% to about 0.11 wt.%, about 0.03 wt.% to about 0.10 wt.%, about 0.03 wt.% to about 0.09 wt.%, about 0.03 wt.% to about 0.08 wt.%, about 0.03 wt.% to about 0.07 wt.%, about 0.04 wt.% to about 0.14 wt.%, about 0.04 wt.% to about 0.13 wt.%, about 0.04 wt.% to about 0.12 wt.%, about 0.04 wt.% to about 0.11 wt.%, about 0.04 wt.% to about 0.10 wt.%, about 0.04 wt.% to about 0.09 wt.%, about 0.04 wt.% to about 0.08 wt.%, about 0.05 wt.% to about 0.14 wt.%, about 0.05 wt.% to about 0.13 wt.%, about 0.05 wt.% to about 0.12 wt.%, about 0.05 wt.% to about 0.11 wt.%, about 0.05 wt.% to about 0.10 wt.%, about 0.05 wt.% to about 0.09 wt.%, about 0.06 wt.% to about 0.14 wt.%, about 0.06 wt.% to about 0.13 wt.%, about 0.06 wt.% to about 0.12 wt.%, about 0.06 wt.% to about 0.10 wt.%, about 0.07 wt.% to about 0.14 wt.%, about 0.07 wt.% to about 0.13 wt.%, about 0.07 wt.% to about 0.12 wt.%, about 0.07 wt.% to about 0.11 wt.%, about 0.08 wt.% to about 0.14 wt.%, about 0.08 wt.% to about 0.13 wt.%, about 0.08 wt.% to about 0.12 wt.%, and so forth

[0026]

[0017] In addition to the alkoxylated alkylphenol, the lubricating oil composition may include additional optional additives. These optional additives are generally known in the art and include, but are not limited to, the following.

[0027] Triazole Compound

[0028]

[0018] The lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure may include a triazole compound.

[0029]

[0019] The triazole of the present disclosure may be an aromatic triazole with one of the following structures: or a combination thereof; where, n is an integer from 0 to 4, m is 0, 1, or 2, R is a C1-C24 hydrocarbyl group and Y is -R1or -(R2)P-NR3R3where -R1is a C1-C24 hydrocarbyl group , - R2- is a C1-C24 hydrocarbylene group, p is 0 or 1, and each -R3is independently hydrogen or C1-C24 hydrocarbyl group.

[0030]

[0020] In an example, the triazole may have the following structure (IX) or (X):

[0031]

[0032]

[0021] In some embodiments, the triazole compound is given by the following generalized structure (Structure XI): wherein R is a C1-C20 hydrocarbyl group and Y is hydrogen, R1, or (R2)P-NR3R4, wherein R1is a C1-C20 hydrocarbyl group, R2is a C1-C20 hydrocarbylene group, R3and R4are independently hydrogen or C1-C20 hydrocarbyl group, and p is 0 or 1; and wherein the triazole compound has a molecular weight of about 70 to about 1000 g / mol.

[0033]

[0022] The term “hydrocarbyl” refers to a moiety that includes both carbon and hydrogen atoms (“hydrocarbon”). In some embodiments, hydrocarbyl may refer to hydrocarbon comprising heteroatoms (e.g., sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, etc.). Hydrocarbyl may refer to saturated or unsaturated moieties, aliphatic or aromatic moieties, cyclic or acylic, branched or unbranched moieties.

[0034]

[0023] Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include the following:

[0035]

[0024] The term “hydrocarbylene” generally refers to a divalent radical formed by removing to hydrogens from a hydrocarbon. The term may also refer to unsaturated hydrocarbons. Examples include methylene, ethylene, propylene, and the like.

[0036]

[0025] The amount of triazole compound is from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total lubricating oil composition such as from about 0.01 wt.% to about 9 wt.%, about 0.01 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 0.01 wt.% to about 7 wt.%, about 0.01 wt.% to about 6 wt.%, about 0.01 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 0.01 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 0.01 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 0.01 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 0.01 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 9 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 7 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 6 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 0.1 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 9 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 7 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 6 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 9 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 7 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 6 wt.%, 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 1 wt.% to about 2 wt.%, about 2 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 2 wt. % to about 9 wt.%, about 2 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 2 wt.% to about 7 wt.%, about 2 wt.% to about 6 wt.%, about 2 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 2 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 2 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 9 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 7 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 6 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 3 wt.% to about 4 wt.%, about 4 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 4 wt.% to about 9 wt.%, about 4 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 4 wt.% to about 7 wt.%, about 4 wt.% to about 6 wt.%, about 4 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 9 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 7 wt.%, about 5 wt.% to about 6 wt.%, about 6 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 6 wt.% to about 9 wt.%, about 6 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 6 wt.% to about 7 wt.%, about 7 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 7 wt.% to about 9 wt.%, about 7 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, about 8 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, about 8 wt.% to about 9 wt.%, and about 9 wt.% to about 10 wt.%.

[0037] Molybdenum succinimide

[0038]

[0026] In one embodiment, the molybdenum amine is a molybdenum-succinimide complex. Suitable molybdenum-succinimide complexes are described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 8,076,275. These complexes are prepared by a process comprising reacting an acidic molybdenum compound with an alkyl or alkenyl succinimide of a polyamine below: wherein R is a C24 to C350 (e.g., C70 to C128) alkyl or alkenyl group; R’ is a straight or branched- chain alkylene group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms; x is 1 to 11; and y is 1 to 11.

[0039]

[0027] The molybdenum compounds used to prepare the molybdenum-succinimide complex are acidic molybdenum compounds or salts of acidic molybdenum compounds. By “acidic” is meant that the molybdenum compounds will react with a basic nitrogen compound as measured by ASTM D664 or D2896. Generally, the acidic molybdenum compounds are hexavalent. Representative examples of suitable molybdenum compounds include molybdenum trioxide, molybdic acid, ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate and other alkaline metal molybdates and other molybdenum salts such as hydrogen salts, (e.g., hydrogen sodium molybdate), MoOCk, MoChBn. MO2O3Q6, and the like.

[0028] The succinimides that can be used to prepare the molybdenum-succinimide complex are disclosed in numerous references and are well known in the art. Certain fundamental types of succinimides and the related materials encompassed by the term of art “succinimide” are taught in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,172,892; 3,219,666; and 3,272,746. The term “succinimide” is understood in the art to include many of the amide, imide, and amidine species which may also be formed. The predominant product however is a succinimide and this term has been generally accepted as meaning the product of a reaction of an alkyl or alkenyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride with a nitrogen-containing compound. Preferred succinimides are those prepared by reacting a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride of about 70 to 128 carbon atoms with a polyamine.

[0040]

[0029] Preferred polyamines may have 2 to 60 carbon atoms and from 2 to 12 nitrogen atoms per molecule. Particularly preferred amines include polyalkyleneamines represented by the formula:

[0041] NH2(CH2)n— (NH(CH2)n)m— NH2wherein n is 2 to 3 and m is 0 to 10. Illustrative examples include ethylene diamine, di ethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, tetrapropylene pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine and the like, as well as the commercially available mixtures of such polyamines.

[0042]

[0030] The molybdenum-succinimide complex may be post-treated with a sulfur source at a suitable pressure and a temperature not to exceed 120°C to provide a sulfurized molybdenum-succinimide complex. The sulfurization step may be carried out for a period of from about 0.5 to 5 hours (e.g., 0.5 to 2 hours). Suitable sources of sulfur include elemental sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, phosphorus pentasulfide, organic polysulfides of formula R2S . where R is hydrocarbyl (e.g., Ci to Cio alkyl) and x is at least 3, Ci to Cio mercaptans, inorganic sulfides and polysulfides, thioacetamide, and thiourea.

[0043] Diphenylamine Antioxidants

[0044]

[0031] Diphenylamine are aromatic amine antioxidants and may have one or more carbon-based substituent groups. Diphenylamine-type oxidation inhibitors include, but are not limited to, alkylated diphenylamine, phenyl-a-naphthylamine, and alkyl or arylalkyl substituted phenyl-a-naphthylamine, alkylated p-phenylene diamines, and tetramethyldiaminodiphenylamine.

[0045]

[0032] Specific examples of diphenylamine antioxidants include bis-nonylated diphenylamine, bis-octylated diphenylamine, and octyl ated / butylated diphenylamine, 4,4’- dioctyldiphenylamine, 4,4’ -dinonyldiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1 -naphthylamine, N-(4-tert- octyphenyl)-l -naphthylamine, and N-(4-octylphenyl)-l -naphthylamine.

[0046]

[0033] Diphenylamine antioxidants may be present at 0.01 to 5 wt. % of the lubricating oil composition, such as 0.01 to 4.5 wt. %, 0.01 to 4.0 wt. %, 0.01 to 3.5 wt. %, 0.01 to 3.0 wt. %, 0.01 to 2.5 wt. %, 0.01 to 2.0 wt. %, 0.01 to 1.5 wt. %, 0.01 to 1.0 wt. %, 0.01 to 0.5 wt. %, 0.5 to 5.0 wt. %, 0.5 to 4.5 wt. %, 0.5 to 4.0 wt. %, 0.5 to 3.5 wt. %, 0.5 to 3.0 wt. %, 0.5 to 2.5 wt. %, 0.5 to 2.0 wt. %, 0.5 to 1.5 wt. %, 0.5 to 1.0 wt. %, 1.0 to 5.0 wt. %, 1.0 to 4.5 wt. %, 1.0 to 4.0 wt. %, 1.0 to 3.5 wt. %, 1.0 to 3.0 wt. %, 1.0 to 2.5 wt. %, 1.0 to 2.0 wt. %, 1.0 to 1.5 wt. %, 1.5 to 5.0 wt. %, 1.5 to 4.5 wt. %, 1.5 to 4.0 wt. %, 1.5 to 3.5 wt. %, 1.5 to 3.0 wt. %,

[0047] 1.5 to 2.5 wt. %, 1.5 to 2.0 wt. %, 2.0 to 5.0 wt. %, 2.0 to 4.5 wt. %, 2.0 to 4.0 wt. %, 2.0 to 3.5 wt. %, 2.0 to 3.0 wt. %, 2.0 to 2.5 wt. %, 2.5 to 5.0 wt. %, 2.5 to 4.5 wt. %, 2.5 to 4.0 wt. %,

[0048] 2.5 to 3.5 wt. %, 2.5 to 3.0 wt. %, 3.0 to 5.0 wt. %, 3.0 to 4.5 wt. % 3.0 to 4.0 wt. %, 3.0 to 3.5 wt. %, 3.5 to 5.0 wt. %, 3.5 to 4.5 wt. %, 3.5 to 4.0 wt. %, 4.0 to 5.0 wt. %, 4.0 to 4.5 wt. %, or

[0049] 4.5 to 5.0 wt. %.

[0050] Hindered Phenol Antioxidant

[0051]

[0034] The lubricating oil composition may comprise a hindered phenolic antioxidant. Examples of hindered phenolic antioxidants include 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl- p-cresol, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(2-octyl-3-propanoic) phenol.

[0052]

[0035] The hindered phenolic antioxidant may be present at 0.01 to 5 wt. % of the lubricating oil composition, such as 0.01 to 4.5 wt. %, 0.01 to 4.0 wt. %, 0.01 to 3.5 wt. %, 0.01 to 3.0 wt. %, 0.01 to 2.5 wt. %, 0.01 to 2.0 wt. %, 0.01 to 1.5 wt. %, 0.01 to 1.0 wt. %, 0.01 to 0.5 wt. %, 0.5 to 5.0 wt. %, 0.5 to 4.5 wt. %, 0.5 to 4.0 wt. %, 0.5 to 3.5 wt. %, 0.5 to 3.0 wt. %, 0.5 to 2.5 wt. %, 0.5 to 2.0 wt. %, 0.5 to 1.5 wt. %, 0.5 to 1.0 wt. %, 1.0 to 5.0 wt. %, 1.0 to 4.5 wt. %, 1.0 to 4.0 wt. %, 1.0 to 3.5 wt. %, 1.0 to 3.0 wt. %, 1.0 to 2.5 wt. %, 1.0 to 2.0 wt. %, 1.0 to 1.5 wt. %, 1.5 to 5.0 wt. %, 1.5 to 4.5 wt. %, 1.5 to 4.0 wt. %, 1.5 to 3.5 wt. %, 1.5 to 3.0 wt. %, 1.5 to 2.5 wt. %, 1.5 to 2.0 wt. %, 2.0 to 5.0 wt. %, 2.0 to 4.5 wt. %, 2.0 to 4.0 wt. %, 2.0 to 3.5 wt. %, 2.0 to 3.0 wt. %, 2.0 to 2.5 wt. %, 2.5 to 5.0 wt. %, 2.5 to 4.5 wt. %, 2.5 to 4.0 wt. %, 2.5 to 3.5 wt. %, 2.5 to 3.0 wt. %, 3.0 to 5.0 wt. %, 3.0 to 4.5 wt. % 3.0 to 4.0 wt. %, 3.0 to 3.5 wt. %, 3.5 to 5.0 wt. %, 3.5 to 4.5 wt. %, 3.5 to 4.0 wt. %, 4.0 to 5.0 wt. %, 4.0 to 4.5 wt. %, or 4.5 to 5.0 wt. %.

[0053] Succinimides

[0054]

[0036] Optionally, the lubricating oil composition may include polyalkenyl succinimide dispersants such as those described herein. In general, the nitrogen content from the nitrogen-containing dispersant based on the lubricating oil composition is from about 0.010 wt % to about 0.30 wt % such as from about 0.050 to about 0.25 wt %, about 0.050 to about 0.20 wt %, and about 0.050 to about 0.15 wt %.

[0055]

[0037] In one embodiment, a polyalkenyl bis-succinimide can be obtained by reacting a polyalkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride below: o

[0056] R / /

[0057] \ wherein R is a polyalkenyl substituent is derived from a polyalkene group having a number average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 3000, with a polyamine. In one embodiment, R is a polyalkenyl substituent derived from a polyalkene group having a number average molecular weight of from about 1000 to about 2500. In one embodiment, R is a polyisobutenyl substituent derived from a polyisobutene having a number average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 3000. In another embodiment, R is a polyisobutenyl substituent derived from a polyisobutene having a number average molecular weight of from about 1000 to about 2500.

[0058]

[0038] Suitable polyamines for use in preparing the bis-succinimide dispersants include polyalkylene polyamines. Such polyalkylene polyamines will typically contain about 2 to about 12 nitrogen atoms and about 2 to 24 carbon atoms. Particularly suitable polyalkylene polyamines are those having the formula: H2N — (R'NH)x — H wherein R' is a straight- or branched-chain alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms and x is 1 to 9. Representative examples of suitable polyalkylene polyamines include ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylene hexamine, and heavy polyamines (e.g., Ethyleneamine E-100, available from Huntsman Company).

[0059]

[0039] Generally, the polyalkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride is reacted with the polyamine at a temperature of about 130°C to about 220°C (e.g., 145°C to 175°C). The reaction can be carried out under an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen or argon. Generally, a suitable molar charge of polyamine to polyalkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride is from about 0.35: 1 to about 0.6: 1 (e.g., 0.4: 1 to 0.5: 1). As used herein, the “molar charge of polyamine to polyalkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride” means the ratio of the number of moles of polyamine to the number of succinic groups in the succinic anhydride reactant.

[0040] One class of suitable polyalkenyl succinimides may be represented by the following: wherein R and R' are as described herein above and y is 1 to 11.

[0060] Post-Treatment of Polyalkenyl Succinimide

[0061]

[0041] In some embodiments, the succinimide dispersant may be post-treated by a reactive boron compound or organic carbonate.

[0062]

[0042] Suitable boron compounds that can be used as a source of boron include, for example, boric acid, a boric acid salt, a boric acid ester, and the like. Representative examples of a boric acid include orthoboric acid, metaboric acid, paraboric acid, and the like. Representative examples of a boric acid salt include ammonium borates, such as ammonium metaborate, ammonium tetraborate, ammonium pentaborate, ammonium octaborate, and the like. Representative examples of a boric acid ester include monomethyl borate, dimethyl borate, trimethyl borate, monoethyl borate, diethyl borate, triethyl borate, monopropyl borate, dipropyl borate, tripropyl borate, monobutyl borate, dibutyl borate, tributyl borate, and the like.

[0063]

[0043] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition includes both borated and non-borated succinimides. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of borated and non-borated succinimide is less than 1, such as less than 0.95, less than 0.90, less than 0.85, and less than 0.80.

[0064] Zinc Dithiophosphate (ZnDTP)

[0065]

[0044] The lubricating composition of the present disclosure may further include a zinc dithiophosphate (ZnDTP). Zinc dithiophosphates are antiwear agents that reduce wear of engine parts, having the following formula:

[0066] Zn[S-P(=S)(OR1)(OR2)]2wherein R1and R2may be the same or different hydrocarbyl radicals having from 1 to 18 (e.g., 2 to 12) carbon atoms and including radicals such as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkaryl and cycloaliphatic radicals. In some embodiments, the R1and R2groups are alkyl groups having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms (e.g., the alkyl radicals may be ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, or 2-ethylhexyl). In order to obtain oil solubility, the total number of carbon atoms (i.e., R'+R2) will be at least 5. The zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate can therefore include zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP). The zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate can be a primary ZnDTP containing primary alkyl groups, or secondary zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate containing secondary alkyl groups, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the zinc dithiophosphate is a secondary zinc dithiophosphate.

[0067]

[0045] In some embodiments, the zinc dithiophosphate may be present in an amount sufficient to provide about 200 ppm to about 1500 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 1400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1300 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 1200 ppm, about 600 ppm to about 1100 ppm, about 700 ppm to about 1000 ppm, about 750 ppm to about 950 ppm, or about 800 to about 900 ppm of zinc to the lubricating composition.

[0068] Detergents

[0069]

[0046] The lubricating oil may further include a metal detergent such as a sulfonate or phenate detergent. In some embodiments, the sulfonate is a Ca or Mg sulfonate. In some embodiments, the phenate is a Ca or Mg sulfonate.

[0070]

[0047] A typical detergent is an anionic material that contains a long chain hydrophobic portion of the molecule and a smaller anionic or oleophobic hydrophilic portion of the molecule. The counterion is typically calcium or magnesium.

[0071]

[0048] Salts that contain stoichiometric amount of the metal are described as neutral salts and have a total base number (TBN) of from 0 to 80 mg KOH / g as measured by ASTM D-2896.

[0072]

[0049] Many detergents are overbased, containing large amounts of a metal base that is achieved by reacting an excess of a metal compound (e.g., a metal hydroxide or oxide) rich an acidic gas (e.g., carbon dioxide).

[0073]

[0050] Useful detergents can be neutral, mildly overbased, or highly overbased.

[0074]

[0051] In some embodiments, at least some detergent used in the detergent system may be overbased. Overbased detergents help neutralize acidic impurities produced by the combustion process and entrapped in the oil. The degree of overbasing generally depends on the ratio of metallic ion to anionic portion of the detergent on an equivalent basis.

[0075]

[0052] An overbased detergent will typically have a TBN of 10 mg KOH / g or higher as measured by ASTM D-2896, such as from 15 mg KOH / g or higher, 25 mg KOH / g or higher, 50 mg KOH / g or higher, 75 mg KOH / g or higher, 100 mg KOH / g or higher, 125 mg KOH / g or higher, 150 mg KOH / g or higher, 175 mg KOH / g or higher, 200 mg KOH / g or higher, 225 mg KOH / g or higher, 250 mg KOH / g or higher, 275 mg KOH / g or higher, 300 mg KOH / g or higher, 325 mg KOH / g or higher, 350 mg KOH / g or higher, 375 mg KOH / g or higher, 400 mg KOH / g or higher, 425 mg KOH / g or higher, 450 mg KOH / g or higher, 475 mg KOH / g or higher, 500 mg KOH / g or higher, 525 mg KOH / g or higher, 550 mg KOH / g or higher, 575 mg KOH / g or higher, 600 mg KOH / g or higher and 650 mg KOH / g or higher.

[0076]

[0053] In some embodiments, the overbased detergent has a TBN of 10 to 650 mg KOH / g as measured by ASTM D-2896, such as 10 to 600 mg KOH / g, 10 to 550 mg KOH / g, 10 to 500 mg KOH / g, 10 to 450 mg KOH / g, 10 to 400 mg KOH / g, 10 to 350 mg KOH / g, 10 to 300 mg KOH / g, 10 to 250 mg KOH / g, 10 to 200 mg KOH / g, 10 to 150 mg KOH / g, 10 to 100 mg KOH / g, 10 to 50 mg KOH / g, 50 to 650 mg KOH / g, 50 to 600 mg KOH / g, 50 to 550 mg KOH / g, 50 to 500 mg KOH / g, 50 to 450 mg KOH / g, 50 to 400 mg KOH / g, 50 to 350 mg KOH / g, 50 to 300 mg KOH / g, 50 to 250 mg KOH / g, 50 to 200 mg KOH / g, 50 to 150 mg KOH / g, 50 to 100 mg KOH / g, 100 to 650 mg KOH / g, 100 to 600 mg KOH / g, 100 to 550 mg KOH / g, 100 to 500 mg KOH / g, 100 to 450 mg KOH / g, 100 to 400 mg KOH / g, 100 to 350 mg KOH / g, 100 to 300 mg KOH / g, 100 to 250 mg KOH / g, 100 to 200 mg KOH / g, 100 to 150 mg KOH / g, 150 to 650 mg KOH / g, 150 to 600 mg KOH / g, 150 to 550 mg KOH / g, 150 to 500 mg KOH / g, 150 to 450 mg KOH / g, 150 to 400 mg KOH / g, 150 to 350 mg KOH / g, 150 to 300 mg KOH / g, 150 to 250 mg KOH / g, 150 to 200 mg KOH / g, 200 to 650 mg KOH / g, 200 to 600 mg KOH / g, 200 to 550 mg KOH / g, 200 to 500 mg KOH / g, 200 to 450 mg KOH / g, 200 to 400 mg KOH / g, 200 to 350 mg KOH / g, 200 to 300 mg KOH / g, 200 to 250 mg KOH / g, 250 to 650 mg KOH / g, 250 to 600 mg KOH / g, 250 to 550 mg KOH / g, 250 to 500 mg KOH / g, 250 to 450 mg KOH / g, 250 to 400 mg KOH / g, 250 to 350 mg KOH / g, 250 to 300 mg KOH / g, 300 to 650 mg KOH / g, 300 to 600 mg KOH / g, 300 to 550 mg KOH / g, 300 to 500 mg KOH / g, 300 to 450 mg KOH / g, 300 to 400 mg KOH / g, 300 to 350 mg KOH / g, 350 to 650 mg KOH / g, 350 to 600 mg KOH / g, 350 to 550 mg KOH / g, 350 to 500 mg KOH / g, 350 to 450 mg KOH / g, 350 to 400 mg KOH / g, 400 to 650 mg KOH / g, 400 to 600 mg KOH / g, 400 to 550 mg KOH / g, 400 to 500 mg KOH / g, 400 to 450 mg KOH / g, 450 to 650 mg KOH / g, 450 to 600 mg KOH / g, 450 to 550 mg KOH / g, 450 to 500 mg KOH / g, 500 to 650 mg KOH / g, 500 to 600 mg KOH / g, 500 to 550 mg KOH / g, 550 to 650 mg KOH / g, 550 to 600 mg KOH / g, or 600 to 650 mg KOH / g.

[0077]

[0054] In some embodiments, the overbased detergent has a TBN of 10 to 150 mg KOH / g, such as from 10 to 140 mg KOH / g, 10 to 130 mg KOH / g, 10 to 120 mg KOH / g, 10 to 110 mg KOH / g, 10 to 100 mg KOH / g, 10 to 90 mg KOH / g, 10 to 80 mg KOH / g, 10 to 70 mg KOH / g, 10 to 60 mg KOH / g, 10 to 50 mg KOH / g, 10 to 40 mg KOH / g, 10 to 30 mg KOH / g, 10 to 20 mg KOH / g, 20 to 150 mg KOH / g, 20 to 140 mg KOH / g, 20 to 130 mg KOH / g, 20 to 120 mg KOH / g, 20 to 110 mg KOH / g, 20 to 100 mg KOH / g, 20 to 90 mg KOH / g, 20 to 80 mg KOH / g, 20 to 70 mg KOH / g, 20 to 60 mg KOH / g, 20 to 50 mg KOH / g, 20 to 40 mg KOH / g, 20 to 30 mg KOH / g, 30 to 150 mg KOH / g, 30 to 140 mg KOH / g, 30 to 130 mg KOH / g, 30 to 120 mg KOH / g, 30 to 110 mg KOH / g, 30 to 100 mg KOH / g, 30 to 90 mg KOH / g, 30 to 80 mg KOH / g, 30 to 70 mg KOH / g, 30 to 60 mg KOH / g, 30 to 50 mg KOH / g, 30 to 40 mg KOH / g, 40 to 150 mg KOH / g, 40 to 140 mg KOH / g, 40 to 130 mg KOH / g, 40 to 120 mg KOH / g, 40 to 110 mg KOH / g, 40 to 100 mg KOH / g, 40 to 90 mg KOH / g, 40 to 80 mg KOH / g, 40 to 70 mg KOH / g, 40 to 60 mg KOH / g, 40 to 50 mg KOH / g, 50 to 150 mg KOH / g, 50 to 140 mg KOH / g, 50 to 130 mg KOH / g, 50 to 120 mg KOH / g, 50 to 110 mg KOH / g, 50 to 100 mg KOH / g, 50 to 90 mg KOH / g, 50 to 80 mg KOH / g, 50 to 70 mg KOH / g, 50 to 60 mg KOH / g, 60 to 150 mg KOH / g, 60 to 140 mg KOH / g, 60 to 130 mg KOH / g, 60 to 120 mg KOH / g, 60 to 110 mg KOH / g, 60 to 100 mg KOH / g, 60 to 90 mg KOH / g, 60 to 80 mg KOH / g, 60 to 70 mg KOH / g, 80 to 150 mg KOH / g, 80 to 140 mg KOH / g, 80 to 130 mg KOH / g, 80 to 120 mg KOH / g, 80 to 110 mg KOH / g, 80 to 100 mg KOH / g, 80 to 90 mg KOH / g, 90 to 150 mg KOH / g, 90 to 140 mg KOH / g, 90 to 130 mg KOH / g, 90 to 120 mg KOH / g, 90 to 110 mg KOH / g, 90 to 100 mg KOH / g, 100 to 150 mg KOH / g, 100 to 140 mg KOH / g, 100 to 130 mg KOH / g, 100 to 120 mg KOH / g, 100 to 110 mg KOH / g, 110 to 150 mg KOH / g, 110 to 140 mg KOH / g, 110 to 130 mg KOH / g, 110 to 120 mg KOH / g, 120 to 150 mg KOH / g, 120 to 140 mg KOH / g, 120 to 130 mg KOH / g, 130 to 150 mg KOH / g, 130 to 140 mg KOH / g, or 140 to 150 mg KOH / g, Other Additives

[0078]

[0055] The present lubricating oil compositions may also contain conventional lubricant additives for imparting auxiliary functions to give a finished lubricating oil composition in which these additives are dispersed or dissolved. For example, the lubricating oil compositions can be blended with ashless dispersants, anti-wear agents, dehazing agents, demulsifying agents, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, viscosity modifiers, antifoaming agents, co-solvents, package compatibilizers, dyes, extreme pressure agents and the like and mixtures thereof. A variety of the additives are known and commercially available. These additives, or their analogous compounds, can be employed for the preparation of the lubricating oil compositions of the invention by the usual blending procedures.

[0079]

[0056] Each of the foregoing additives, when used, is used at a functionally effective amount to impart the desired properties to the lubricant. Thus, for example, if an additive is an ashless dispersant, a functionally effective amount of this ashless dispersant would be an amount sufficient to impart the desired dispersancy characteristics to the lubricant. Generally, the concentration of each of these additives, when used, may range, unless otherwise specified, from about 0.001 to about 20 wt. %, such as about 0.01 to about 10 wt. %.

[0080] Lubricating Oil

[0081]

[0057] The oil of lubricating viscosity (sometimes referred to as “base stock” or “base oil”) is the primary liquid constituent of a lubricant, into which additives and possibly other oils are blended, for example to produce a final lubricant (or lubricant composition). A base oil, which is useful for making concentrates as well as for making lubricating oil compositions therefrom, may be selected from natural (vegetable, animal or mineral) and synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof.

[0082]

[0058] Oils used as the base oil will be selected or blended depending on the desired end use and the additives in the finished oil to give the desired grade of engine oil. In one embodiment, the lubricating oil composition is a multi-grade oil for heavy duty or passenger car. The multi-grade oil may have a Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) viscosity grade of 0W-8, 0W- 12, OW-16, 0W-20, 0W-30, 0W-40, 0W-50, 0W-60, 5W, 5W-20, 5W-30, 5W- 40, 5W- 50, 5W-60, 10W, 10W-20, 10W-30, 10W-40, 10W-50, 15W, 15W-20, 15W-30, 15W- 40, 20W-40 or 20W-50.

[0083]

[0059] Definitions for the base stocks and base oils in this disclosure are the same as those found in American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1509 Annex E (“API Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines for Passenger Car Motor Oils and Diesel Engine Oils,” February 2022). Group I base stocks contain less than 90% saturates and / or greater than 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120 using the test methods specified in Table E-l. Group II base stocks contain greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120 using the test methods specified in Table E-l. Group III base stocks contain greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 120 using the test methods specified in Table E-l. Group IV base stocks are polyalphaolefins (PAO). Group V base stocks include all other base stocks not included in Group I, II, III, or IV.

[0084]

[0060] Natural oils include animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil and lard oil), and mineral oils. Animal and vegetable oils possessing favorable thermal oxidative stability can be used. Of the natural oils, mineral oils are preferred. Mineral oils vary widely as to their crude source, for example, as to whether they are paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffinic- naphthenic. Oils derived from coal or shale are also useful. Natural oils vary also as to the method used for their production and purification, for example, their distillation range and whether they are straight run or cracked, hydrorefined, or solvent extracted.

[0085]

[0061] Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oil. Hydrocarbon oils include oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene isobutylene copolymers, ethylene-olefin copolymers, and ethylene-alphaolefin copolymers). Polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil base stocks are commonly used synthetic hydrocarbon oil. By way of example, PAOs derived from Cs to Ci4 olefins, e.g., Cs, Cio, C12, C14 olefins or mixtures thereof, may be utilized.

[0086]

[0062] Other useful fluids for use as base oils include non-conventional or unconventional base stocks that have been processed, preferably catalytically, or synthesized to provide high performance characteristics.

[0087]

[0063] Non-conventional or unconventional base stocks / base oils include one or more of a mixture of base stock(s) derived from one or more Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) materials, as well as isomerate / isodewaxate base stock(s) derived from natural wax or waxy feeds, mineral and or non-mineral oil waxy feed stocks such as slack waxes, natural waxes, and waxy stocks such as gas oils, waxy fuels hydrocracker bottoms, waxy raffinate, hydrocrackate, thermal crackates, or other mineral, mineral oil, or even non-petroleum oil derived waxy materials such as waxy materials received from coal liquefaction or shale oil, and mixtures of such base stocks. Other base oils include Coal to liquid (CTL) products and alkyl-naphthalene.

[0088]

[0064] Base oils for use in the lubricating oil compositions of present disclosure are any of the variety of oils corresponding to API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V oils, and mixtures thereof, preferably API Group II, Group III, Group IV, and Group V oils, and mixtures thereof, more preferably the Group III to Group V base oils due to their exceptional volatility, stability, viscometric and cleanliness features.

[0089]

[0065] The lubricating oil composition may have a high temperature shear (HTHS) viscosity at 150° C of 5.2 cP or less, such as 5.1 cP or less, 5.0 cP or less, 4.5 cP or less, 4.0 cP or less, 3.9 cP or less, 3.8 cP or less, 3.7 cP or less, 3.6 cP or less, 3.5 cP or less, 3.4 cP or less,

[0090] 3.3 cP or less, 3.2 cP or less, 3.1 cP or less, 3.0 cP or less, 2.9 cP or less, 2.8 cP or less, 2.7 cP or less, 2.6 cP or less, 2.5 cP or less, 2.4 cP or less, 2.3 cP or less, 2.2 cP or less, 2.1 cP or less, 2.0 cP or less, 1.9 cP or less, 1.8 cP or less, 1.7 cP or less, 1.6 cP or less, 1.5 cP or less, 1.4 cP or less, 1.3 cP or less, 1.2 cP or less, 1.1 cP or less, or 1.0 cP or less. In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition may have a HTHS at 150°C from 1.0 to 5.2 cP, such as from 1.0 to 4.5 cP, 1.0 to 4.0 cP, 1.0 to 2.9 cP, 1.3 to 2.9 cP, 1.0 to 2.6 cP, 1.3 to 2.6 cP, 1.0 cP to

[0091] 2.3 cP, 1.3 cP to 2.3 cP, 1.0 cP to 2.0 cP, 1.3 cP to 2.3 cP, 1.0 cP to 1.7 cP, or 1.3 cP to 1.7 cP. The lubricating oil composition may have a viscosity index of at least 135 (e.g., 135 to 400, or 135 to 250), at least 150 (e.g., 150 to 400, 150 to 250), at least 165 (e.g., 165 to 400, or 165 to 250), at least 190 (e.g., 190 to 400, or 190 to 250), or at least 200 (e.g., 200 to 400, or 200 to 250). If the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition is less than 135, it may be difficult to improve fuel efficiency while maintaining the HTHS viscosity at 150° C. If the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition exceeds 400, evaporation properties may be reduced, and deficits due to insufficient solubility of the additive and matching properties with a seal material may be caused.

[0092]

[0066] The base oil may have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D445) in a range of 1.4 to 20 mm2 / s such as 3 to 12 mm2 / s, such as 3 to 11 mm2 / s, 3 to 10 mm2 / s, 3 to 9 mm2 / s, 3 to 8 mm2 / s, 3 to 7 mm2 / s, 3 to 6 mm2 / s, 3 to 5 mm2 / s, 3 to 4 mm2 / s, 4 to 12 mm2 / s, 4 to 11 mm2 / s, 4 to 10 mm2 / s, 4 to 9 mm2 / s, 4 to 8 mm2 / s, 4 to 7 mm2 / s, 4 to 6 mm2 / s, 4 to 5 mm2 / s, 5 to 12 mm2 / s, 5 to 11 mm2 / s, 5 to 10 mm2 / s, 5 to 9 mm2 / s, 5 to 8 mm2 / s, 5 to 7 mm2 / s, 5 to 6 mm2 / s, 6 to 12 mm2 / s, 6 to 11 mm2 / s, 6 to 10 mm2 / s, 6 to 9 mm2 / s, 6 to 8 mm2 / s, 6 to 7 mm2 / s, 7 to 12 mm2 / s, 7 to 11 mm2 / s, 7 to 10 mm2 / s, 7 to 9 mm2 / s, 7 to 10 mm2 / s, 7 to 9 mm2 / s, 7 to 8 mm2 / s, 8 to 12 mm2 / s, 8 to 11 mm2 / s, 8 to 10 mm2 / s, 8 to 9 mm2 / s, 9 to 12 mm2 / s, 9 to 11 mm2 / s, 9 to 10 mm2 / s, 10 to 12 mm2 / s, 10 to 11 mm2 / s, or 11 to 12 mm2 / s.

[0093]

[0067] The following non-limiting examples are illustrative of the present invention. Brief descriptions of how the examples were prepared are provided.

[0094] EXAMPLES

[0095]

[0068] Lubricating oil samples were evaluated by the Humidity Cabinet Rust Test (ASTM DI 748). Brief description of the test is provided below.

[0096] Antirust (ASTM D1748)

[0097]

[0069] The Humidity Cabinet Rust Test (ASTM DI 748) was used to evaluate the rust preventive properties of metal preservatives under conditions of high humidity. The test was run in a humidity cabinet at 48.9°C (120°F) for about 72 hours and measures the formation of rust in metal panels dipped in the lubricating oil samples. The oil passes or fails the test in accordance with size and number of rust dots on the surface of the steel panel. For example, if the surface in a significant area contains no more than three rust dots and no dot is larger than 1mm in diameter, the oil passes.

[0098] Oils Tested

[0099]

[0070] The lubricating oils tested is based off of a baseline formulation described below: Baseline 1

[0100] An SAE 10W-30 lubricating oil was preparing by blending the following components together with Group II base oils:

[0101] A) 3.7 wt% of a borated and non-borated succinimide dispersant

[0102] B) 880 ppm of in terms of calcium content of an overbased Ca phenate detergent with a TBN of 260

[0103] C) 680 ppm of in terms of magnesium content of an overbased Mg sulfonate with TBN of 400

[0104] D) 400 ppm in terms of calcium content of an overbased Ca sulfonate detergent with a TBN of 17

[0105] E) ZnDTP

[0106] F) molybdenum succinimide

[0107] G) phenolic antioxidants

[0108]

[0071] Figure 1 summarizes the lubricating oil samples and the test results.

[0109]

[0072] For the sake of brevity, only certain ranges are explicitly disclosed herein. However, ranges from any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to recite a range not explicitly recited, as well as, ranges from any lower limit may be combined with any other lower limit to recite a range not explicitly recited, in the same way, ranges from any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to recite a range not explicitly recited. Additionally, within a range includes every point or individual value between its end points even though not explicitly recited. Thus, every point or individual value may serve as its own lower or upper limit combined with any other point or individual value or any other lower or upper limit, to recite a range not explicitly recited.

[0110]

[0073] Likewise, the term “comprising” is considered synonymous with the term “including.” Likewise whenever a composition, an element or a group of elements is preceded with the transitional phrase “comprising,” it is understood that we also contemplate the same composition or group of elements with transitional phrases “consisting essentially of,” “consisting of,” “selected from the group of consisting of,” or “is” preceding the recitation of the composition, element, or elements and vice versa.

[0111]

[0074] The terms "a" and "the" as used herein are understood to encompass the plural as well as the singular.

[0075] Various terms have been defined above. To the extent a term used in a claim is not defined above, it should be given the broadest definition persons in the pertinent art have given that term as reflected in at least one printed publication or issued patent. Furthermore, all patents, test procedures, and other documents cited in this application are fully incorporated by reference to the extent such disclosure is not inconsistent with this application and for all jurisdictions in which such incorporation is permitted.

[0112]

[0076] The foregoing description of the disclosure illustrates and describes the present disclosure. Additionally, the disclosure shows and describes only the preferred embodiments but, as mentioned above, it is to be understood that the disclosure is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the scope of the concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings and / or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present disclosure, other and further embodiments of the disclosure may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.

[0113]

[0077] It is understood that when combinations, subsets, groups, etc. of elements are disclosed (e.g., combinations of components in a composition, or combinations of steps in a method), that while specific reference of each of the various individual and collective combinations and permutations of these elements may not be explicitly disclosed, each is specifically contemplated and described herein.

[0114]

[0078] The embodiments described hereinabove are further intended to explain best modes known of practicing it and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the disclosure in such, or other, embodiments and with the various modifications required by the particular applications or uses. Accordingly, the description is not intended to limit it to the form disclosed herein. Also, it is intended that the appended claims be construed to include alternative embodiments.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A method of reducing corrosion and / or rust in hydrogen fuel engine, the method comprising: lubricating the hydrogen fuel engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising: major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; and an alkoxylated alkylphenol.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkyoxylated alkylphenol is present in about 0.01 wt % to about 0.14 wt % based on total amount of the lubricating oil composition.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkoxylated alkylphenol is represented by the following structure:wherein R1is C1-C24 hydrocarbyl group; R2is H, methyl, or ethyl group; and n is an integer from 1 to 10.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkoxylated alkylphenol compound is ethoxylated decylphenol, ethoxylated undecylphenol, ethoxylated dodecylphenol, ethoxylated tridecylphenol, ethoxylated tetradecylphenol, propoxylated decylphenol, propoxylated undecylphenol, propoxylated dodecylphenol, propoxylated tridecylphenol, or propoxylated tetradecylphenol.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkoxylated alkylphenol is present in an amount from about 0.03 wt.% to about 0.12 wt.% based on the total lubricating oil composition.

6. The method of claim, wherein the lubricating oil composition further comprises a triazole.

7. Use of a lubricating oil composition comprising major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and an alkoxylated alkylphenol in a hydrogen fuel engine to reduce corrosion and / or rust.

8. The use of claim 7, wherein the alkyoxylated alkylphenol is present in about 0.01 wt % to about 0.14 wt % based on total amount of the lubricating oil composition.

9. The use of claim 8, wherein the alkoxylated alkylphenol is represented by the following structure:wherein R1is C1-C24 hydrocarbyl group; R2is H, methyl, or ethyl group; and n is an integer from 1 to 10.

10. The use of claim 7, wherein the alkoxylated alkylphenol compound is ethoxylated decylphenol, ethoxylated undecylphenol, ethoxylated dodecylphenol, ethoxylated tridecylphenol, ethoxylated tetradecylphenol, propoxylated decylphenol, propoxylated undecylphenol, propoxylated dodecylphenol, propoxylated tridecylphenol, or propoxylated tetradecylphenol.

11. The use of claim 7, wherein the alkoxylated alkylphenol is present in an amount from about 0.03 wt.% to about 0.12 wt.% based on the total lubricating oil composition.

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