Dynamically adaptive kinetic energy turbine assembly with predictive control

Abstract

A turbine unit (674) captures energy from a fluid flow (244). It includes at least one turbine (100) arranged along a turbine stack axis (454), each turbine (100) having a central portion (102) and blades (104) extending radially and rotating about the central portion (102). Each blade (104) includes at least one airfoil (116) movable between open and closed configurations; in the closed configuration, the airfoil forms a surface oblique to the fluid flow (244) to convert kinetic energy into rotation. A gearbox assembly (979) coupled to the turbine (100) converts rotation into mechanical power and includes an input shaft, gears responsive to a first control signal to vary gear ratio, and an output shaft. At least one sensor (983) generates operational data used by a control system (981). A fluid-flow control element (666) near the turbine (100) regulates fluid flow (244) in response to a second control signal.

Description

Atty. Doc. No. ENERC-IOO-B-WO PATENTDYNAMICALLY ADAPTIVE KINETIC ENERGY TURBINE ASSEMBLY WITHPREDICTIVE CONTROLFIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to renewable energy systems, and more particularly to vertical-axis turbine systems for converting kinetic energy of a moving fluid into electrical energy.BACKGROUND

[0002] Turbines are devices that convert the kinetic energy of a moving fluid into electrical energy. Turbines come in various designs. For example, with respect to wind turbines (e.g., turbines configured to convert kinetic energy of moving air into electrical energy), vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) rotate about a vertical axis perpendicular to the ground, allowing them to capture wind from any direction without the need for repositioning.

[0003] Vertical axis turbines face unique challenges in their operation. For example, as the turbine rotates, some blades inevitably move against the direction of fluid flow. These opposing blades experience significant drag forces, which can hinder the turbine's rotation and reduce its overall power generation capabilities. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in low to moderate wind conditions, where the drag forces can have a more substantial impact on the turbine's performance.

[0004] Furthermore, certain turbines, such as wind turbines, are often installed in locations that expose the turbines to a range of environmental conditions. These areas may experience periods of calm with minimal wind, as well as extreme weather events such as storms or hurricanes. Traditional wind turbine designs struggle to adapt to these varying conditions. For example, during calm periods, the energy available may be insufficient for effective power generation. Conversely, in high wind speed scenarios, excessive forces can potentially damage the turbine structure.

[0005] Conventional wind turbine designs often employ fixed configurations that lack adaptability to changing wind conditions. This rigidity can result in inefficient energy captureacross the spectrum of wind speeds encountered in real-world operations. Particularly in low to moderate wind conditions, which constitute a significant portion of a turbine's operational time, fixed designs may exhibit suboptimal performance due to the aforementioned drag issues.SUMMARY

[0006] One aspect of the disclosure is a turbine assembly that comprises at least one turbine configured to generate power via the turbine rotating in a first direction about a turbine axis that is perpendicular to a direction of a fluid flow. Each turbine may include a central portion, through which the turbine axis extends, and blades rigidly extending from the central portion away from the turbine axis. Each blade may comprise two or more airfoils pivotable about respective airfoil axes that extend through front portions of the airfoils, opposite respective rear portions, with the airfoil axes extending perpendicular to the direction of the fluid flow. Each airfoil may be pivotable between an open configuration and a closed configuration, in which the airfoils are configured to move to the open configuration when the blade is moving against the direction of the fluid flow and to the closed configuration when the blade is moving with the direction of the fluid flow. When in the closed configuration, the airfoils may define a plane that is generally perpendicular to the fluid flow direction to form a surface configured to convert kinetic energy of the fluid flow into rotation of the turbine about the turbine axis. When in the open configuration, the plane of the airfoils may be generally parallel to the fluid flow direction to resist drag on the blade from the fluid flow.

[0007] The front portion of each airfoil may be forward of its centroid, and the airfoil axis may extend along a leading edge opposite a tail edge. The blades may include three blades equidistantly spaced around the central portion, and each blade may include three airfoils pivotable between the open and closed configurations. When in the closed configuration, an inner airfoil may contact the central portion, a middle airfoil may contact the front portion of the inner airfoil, and an outer airfoil may contact the front portion of the middle airfoil, collectively forming the surface. Each blade may also include an upper wall and a lower wall, with the airfoil axes extending through the upper and lower walls, and the upper wall, lower wall, and surface form a pocket when the airfoils are in the closed configuration. The airfoil axes of the airfoils may be non-linearly spaced along the blade to form a concave surface when in the closed configuration. The central portion may comprise a cylindrical body, with the turbine axisextending along its longitudinal axis. Each airfoil may comprise a sheet of polymer, which may be corrugated.

[0008] Each blade may further include a first bearing connected to the upper wall, a second bearing connected to the lower wall, and an axle coupled to the bearings to define the airfoil axis of each of the airfoils. The bearings may be low-friction ball bearings, and the blades may include at least one support rod extending from the upper wall to the lower wall. Four support rods may be used, with three rods extending from rearward portions of the upper and lower walls. When the airfoils are in the open configuration, they may contact respective support rods to inhibit pivoting beyond the open position. The upper and lower walls extend from respective upper and lower cylinder walls of the central portion. Each airfoil is configured to pivot between the open and closed configurations in opposing directions.

[0009] The turbine may be part of a turbine stack comprising multiple turbines that rotate about a turbine stack axis perpendicular to the fluid flow. The cylindrical bodies of the turbines may be rigidly connected such that rotation of one turbine results in rotation of the entire stack. The blades of adjacent turbines in the stack may be offset by about 30 degrees. Lower turbines in the stack may support the weight of upper turbines through the cylindrical bodies and support rods. A gearbox assembly, comprising an input shaft coupled to the turbine stack and an output shaft, may transfer rotational motion according to a gear ratio that is adjustable by a turbine controller. A control system may adjust the gear ratio in response to fluid flow velocity, optimizing rotation and power generation through a coupled power generator.

[0010] The turbine assembly may also include a fluid control element such as louver box comprising a frame surrounding the turbine stack and supporting louvers that are positionable between open, closed, and intermediate positions to control fluid flow. The louvers may be independently adjustable on different panels and / or sides of the frame, with panels covering portions of each side. The control system, which in some cases may include louver controller, may adjust the louvers’ positions based on fluid flow or operational needs. The frame and turbine stack may be supported by a service area that houses components such as the gearbox and controller. Multiple turbine units may be removably coupled, with mechanical couplings facilitating collective rotation. A roof may be included to protect the top-most turbine unit. The turbine assembly may operate in air or water as the fluid medium.

[0011] The turbine assembly may also include a control system comprising a turbine unit, aplurality of sensors, an edge device, a node server, a database, a dashboard, and a turbine controller. The turbine unit may comprise a turbine stack surrounded by a louver box. The louver box may comprise louvers configured to move to control fluid flow through the louver box. The turbine stack may be connected to a gearbox assembly. The plurality of sensors may be configured to collect operational data from the turbine unit. The edge device may be in communication with the sensors and the turbine unit and may be configured to transmit the operational data and receive control signals. The note server may be in communication with the edge device and configured to process the operational data. The database may be operatively connected to the node server and configured to store the processed operational data. The dashboard may be configured to display the processed operational data and receive user input for controlling the turbine unit. The turbine controller may be in communication with the edge device. The turbine controller may be configured to move the louvers and adjust the gearbox assembly of the turbine unit based on at least one of the processed operational data or the user input from the dashboard.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] FIG. 1A is an isometric view illustration of a turbine with flaps in a closed configuration according to an example.

[0013] FIG. IB is an isometric view illustration of the turbine of FIG. 1A with the flaps in an open configuration.

[0014] FIG. 2 is a top view illustration of the turbine of FIGS. 1A and IB.

[0015] FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustration of a turbine according to another example.

[0016] FIG. 4 is an isometric view illustration of a turbine stack according to an example.

[0017] FIG. 5 is a top view illustration of the turbine stack of FIG. 4.

[0018] FIG. 6 is an isometric view illustration of a turbine unit according to an example.

[0019] FIG. 7A is an isometric view of the turbine unit of FIG. 6 with louvers in an open configuration.

[0020] FIG. 7B is an isometric view of the turbine unit of FIG. 6 with the louvers in the closed configuration.

[0021] FIG. 8 is a sectional view illustration of the turbine unit of FIG. 6.

[0022] FIG. 9A is a side view illustration of a turbine unit with louvers in the open configuration according to an example.

[0023] FIG. 9B is a side view illustration of the turbine unit of FIG. 9A with the louvers in the intermediate configuration.

[0024] FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a wind turbine monitoring and control system for a turbine unit according to an example.

[0025] FIG. 11 is a front view illustration of a turbine assembly according to an example.

[0026] FIGS. 12A-12B are isometric view illustrations of the turbine assembly of FIG. 11.

[0027] FIG. 13 is a front view illustration of a turbine assembly according to an example.

[0028] FIGS. 14A-14B are isometric view illustrations of the turbine assembly of FIG. 13.

[0029] FIGS. 15A-15B are isometric views of a service area for a turbine assembly according to an example.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present disclosure relates to a dynamically adaptive kinetic energy turbine assembly with predictive control, designed to address several challenges faced by conventional renewable energy systems. This innovative turbine assembly offers solutions to inefficient energy capture in varying conditions and vulnerability to extreme weather events, while providing enhanced control over fluid characteristics and environmental protection.

[0031] Conventional renewable energy systems, particularly wind turbines, often struggle with inefficient energy capture in low-to-moderate wind conditions. This inefficiency may stem from high drag on turbine blades opposing the fluid flow direction. To address this challenge, the present disclosure incorporates certain features such as pivotable airfoils that passively and dynamically adjust their position based on the direction of fluid flow, allowing for efficient energy capture on one side of the turbine while reducing drag on the opposite side. This feature significantly improves the turbine's performance across a wide range of wind speeds.

[0032] Another limitation of traditional designs is their inability to adapt to extreme weather conditions, potentially leading to damage during high wind events such as storms or hurricanes. The present disclosure overcomes this challenge through, for example, the implementation of a louver box. This innovative feature surrounds the turbine on multiple sides with motorized louvers that can be automatically adjusted based on environmental conditions. During normaloperation, the louvers remain open, allowing fluid to pass through and be captured efficiently. In high wind conditions, the louvers can be partially or fully closed, reducing fluid flow or completely cutting off energy to protect the turbine from damage.

[0033] The turbine assembly, different from traditional turbine systems, increases efficiency through a modular, vertically stackable architecture that enables differentiated fluid-flow conditioning and energy capture across multiple levels of the system. Each turbine unit includes its own louver box (e.g., fluid-flow control box) with independently adjustable louvers (e.g., fluid-flow control elements) and panels, allowing localized shaping of the incoming flow and creating micro-Venturi-like constrictions at that specific height. When multiple turbine units are vertically stacked, the resulting assembly forms a multi-stage, duct-like flow path in which each level may encounter naturally varying fluid energies (e.g., differences in wind velocity, turbulence intensity, or shear that inherently arise with height, etc.) while also applying its own louver adjustments to tailor local flow characteristics. Through coordinated modulation of these localized constrictions across successive units, the stacked assembly produces a macro-scale Venturi-like effect along the full height of the turbine column, accelerating, redistributing, or conditioning the flow in ways unattainable by traditional open-air turbines. By shaping and regulating fluid flow at both micro and macro scales, the turbine assembly improves stability, increases total energy capture, and maintains continuous operability across a wider range of environmental conditions. This multi-level flow control, applied independently at different heights within the stack, enables higher average turbine torque and more consistent rotational speeds, which in turn increases electrical output and overall system efficiency.

[0034] The louver box also addresses additional challenges faced by conventional systems. By controlling the opening and closing of the louvers, this disclosure allows for precise regulation of fluid characteristics, such as velocity, as it interfaces with the turbines. This level of control enables optimization of energy capture across various fluid flow conditions. Furthermore, the louver box serves as a protective enclosure, shielding the turbines from harsh environmental conditions and potentially extending the operational lifespan of the system.

[0035] This innovative turbine assembly is suitable for a wide range of applications. In the field of electric vehicle (EV) charging, it can provide renewable energy for charging stations, particularly in areas with limited grid access. When integrated with battery storage systems, the turbine can contribute to grid stability by supplying consistent renewable energy. Its compact andmodular design makes it ideal for urban environments, supporting building decarbonization efforts. Additionally, the energy generated by this system can be used for hydrogen production through electrolysis, contributing to the development of sustainable fuel sources.

[0036] In the transportation sector, the turbine system may play a role in supporting the transition to EVs by providing renewable energy for charging infrastructure. The compact and modular design of the turbine assembly may allow for deployment at EV charging stations, particularly in areas with limited grid access or where grid reinforcement would be costly. By supplying clean energy for EV charging, the system may help reduce the indirect emissions associated with electric vehicle use, further enhancing the environmental benefits of electrified transportation. Moreover, the turbine's potential integration with battery storage systems may enable it to provide a more consistent and reliable source of renewable energy. This capability may be particularly valuable for microgrid applications, where the system could contribute to creating resilient, low-carbon energy networks for communities or industrial facilities. The ability to generate and store renewable energy locally may reduce reliance on centralized fossil fuel power plants, potentially leading to significant reductions in CO2 emissions across both the built environment and transportation sectors.

[0037] In some implementations, the energy generated by the turbine system may be used for green hydrogen production through electrolysis. This application may align with decarbonization strategies in hard-to-abate sectors such as heavy industry or long-haul transportation, where direct electrification may be challenging. By providing a renewable energy source for hydrogen production, the turbine system may contribute to the development of clean fuel alternatives, further supporting global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across multiple sectors of the economy.

[0038] While primarily designed for wind energy capture, the principles of this disclosure may also be applied to water-based kinetic energy systems, further expanding its potential applications. By addressing key challenges in renewable energy capture and offering a versatile, adaptable solution, the dynamically adaptive kinetic energy turbine with active louver control represents a significant advancement in the field of renewable energy technology.

[0039] The dynamically adaptive kinetic energy turbine with active louver control offers several technical advantages over traditional designs. Its ability to efficiently capture energy in both low and high wind conditions expands the range of environments in which it can beeffectively deployed. The protective features of the louver box enhance the durability and reliability of the system, potentially reducing maintenance costs and downtime.

[0040] FIGS. 1A-1B illustrate perspective views of a turbine 100, which comprises several components that cooperate to efficiently capture energy. The turbine 100 may include a central portion 102, which serves as the central hub of the turbine 100. A turbine axis 101 extends through the central portion 102, defining the axis of rotation for the turbine 100. Extending radially from the central portion 102 away from the turbine axis 101 are multiple blades 104.

[0041] The central portion 102 may include an upper wall 106, a lower wall 108, and a side 110 extending therebetween. As shown, the central portion 102 may comprise a cylindrical body, with the turbine axis 101 extending along a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical body. This cylindrical structure provides stability and support for the rotating components of the turbine 100. The central portion 102 may be comprised of any light-weight material that may form a rigid connection between blades 104 of the turbine 100 during rotation, such as, for example, sheets of polymer or aluminum.

[0042] The turbine 100 may be comprised of generally lightweight, durable materials. For example, the central portion 102, the blades 104, and various components thereof (explained in further detail below) may be comprised of generally lightweight materials or combinations of materials (e.g., polymers, composites, aluminum alloys, etc.) which may offer advantages in terms of weight reduction, corrosion resistance, and ease of manufacturing. For example, the use of polymer materials, such as high-strength thermoplastics or fiber-reinforced composites, may allow for complex shapes to be molded or formed in fewer manufacturing steps compared to traditional metal fabrication. In some implementations, the central portion 102 may be constructed from a polymer or composite material and / or aluminum alloy that provides sufficient rigidity while minimizing weight. Similarly, the blades 104 may utilize a polymer or composite material and / or aluminum alloy that offers relatively high strength with lower mass, potentially improving the turbine's responsiveness to fluid flow.

[0043] Certain material geometries may also be employed to enhance the strength and stiffness of components without significantly increasing weight. For example, corrugation techniques may be applied to sheet materials used in the construction of the blades 104 or other turbine components. This corrugated structure may increase the material's resistance to bending and torsional forces, potentially allowing for thinner, lighter components that maintain necessarystructural integrity. In some implementations, aluminum alloys may be used for components requiring higher strength-to-weight ratios. The combination of aluminum with polymer or composite materials may create hybrid structures that optimize performance characteristics while keeping overall mass low. For example, the central portion 102 may utilize an aluminum core with polymer cladding, potentially combining structural support with aerodynamic shaping.

[0044] The modular design approach may extend to the assembly of the turbine 100, with components designed for easy interconnection and replacement. This modularity may facilitate more efficient manufacturing processes, as well as simplified maintenance and upgrades in the field. For example, individual blades 104 may be configured to be easily attached to or detached from the central portion 102, potentially allowing for rapid assembly or replacement of damaged components. By utilizing these lightweight, durable materials and modular design principles, the turbine 100 may achieve a balance of performance, durability, and cost-effectiveness. The reduced weight may contribute to improved efficiency in energy capture, while the use of corrosion-resistant materials may extend the operational lifespan of the turbine in various environmental conditions. Additionally, the simplified manufacturing and assembly processes may lead to reduced production costs and increased scalability of the turbine system.

[0045] Each blade 104 may comprise an upper wall 112 and a lower wall 114. In some implementations, the upper wall 112 of each blade 104 may extend from the upper wall 106 of the central portion 102, while the lower wall 114 of each blade 104 may extend from the lower wall 108 of the central portion 102. In such an implementation, the upper wall 112 and the lower wall 114 of each of the blades 104 may be secured to respective ones of the upper wall 106 and the lower wall 108 of the central portion 102 via fasteners (e.g., threaded fasteners, rivets, etc.). This configuration ensures a sturdy connection between the blades 104 and the central portion 102, allowing for efficient transfer of rotational energy. Similar to the central portion 102, the upper wall 112 and the lower wall 114 of the blades 104 may be comprised of any light-weight material that may form a substantially rigid blade 104 structure in cooperation with other components of the blade 104.

[0046] The turbine 100 also includes a set of airfoils 116 incorporated into each blade 104 thereof (e.g., spaced along a length of each blade 104). Each blade 104 may include two or more airfoils 116 that are pivotable about respective airfoil axes 118. These airfoil axes 118 extend through front portions 124 of the airfoils 116, opposite their respective rear portions 126. Theairfoils 116 are configured to pivot about their respective airfoil axes 118 between an open configuration and a closed configuration. In the open configuration, a plane defined by each airfoil 116 may be generally parallel with the direction of the fluid flow, resisting drag on the respective blade 104 from the fluid flow. When in the open configuration, the associated blade 104 may experience zero drag forces (e.g., substantially zero drag forces) that may inhibit rotation of the turbine 100 in the desired direction (e.g., an energy generating direction of the turbine 100). Conversely, in the closed configuration, the plane of each airfoil 116 may be generally perpendicular to the direction of the fluid flow, forming a surface that is configured to convert kinetic energy of the fluid flow into rotation of the turbine 100 about the turbine axis 101.

[0047] The adaptive nature of the airfoils 116 allows them to passively pivot open or closed based on the direction of the energy source (e.g., the fluid flow). This mechanism enables efficient energy capture on one side of the turbine 100 while reducing drag on the opposite side. Specifically, each airfoil 116 is configured to move to the open configuration when its respective blade 104 is moving against the direction of the fluid flow, and to the closed configuration when its respective blade 104 is moving with the direction of the fluid flow. In some implementations, the front portion 124 of each airfoil 116 may be positioned forward of a centroid 130 — the centroid 130 dividing the front portion 124 and the rear portion 126 — of the respective airfoil 116. Furthermore, each airfoil 116 may comprise a sheet of light-weight polymer. In some implementations, this polymer sheet may be corrugated to enhance structural integrity and aerodynamic performance of the airfoil 116. Positioning the airfoil axis (e.g., airfoil axes 118) forward of the centroid 130 and forming the airfoils 116 from a light-weight polymer material may contribute to the self-adjusting nature of the airfoils 116, allowing them to passively pivot between the open and closed configurations as the turbine 100 rotates about the turbine axis 101.

[0048] The airfoils 116 may include a geometry configured to reduce drag on their respective blade 104 when in the open configuration. For example, the airfoils 116 may be thin and generally planar. Furthermore, the leading edge 132 may be shaped (e.g., rounded) to reduce drag on the airfoil 116 from the fluid flow interfacing with the leading edge 132 when in the open configuration. Furthermore, the airfoils 116 may be tapered from the leading edge 132 to the tail edge 134 to promote laminar flow across the airfoil 116 to further reduce drag.Furthermore, in some implementations, the geometry of the airfoils 116 may be configured togenerate lift (e.g., lift in a horizontal direction relative to the direction of fluid flow) that may urge the airfoils 116 into the open configuration or the closed configuration as the turbine 100 rotates. For example, the airfoils 116 may be curved to form a concave or convex surface with respect to the direction of the fluid flow or may include a rounded (e.g., domed) side.

[0049] The airfoils 116 of a given blade 104 may form an overlapping configuration when in the closed configuration. For example, when the airfoils 116 are in the closed configuration, a tail edge 134 of each airfoil 116 (e.g., the rear portion 126) may overlap a leading edge 132 (e.g., the front portion 124) of the adjacent airfoil 116. This creates a locked surface (e.g., a surface formed from the airfoils 116 that are locked into the overlapping configuration via fluid flow pressure) that is generally perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow and that includes no gaps (e.g., substantially no gaps) through which the fluid flow may escape. Accordingly, when in the closed configuration, the airfoils 116 may be configured to capture kinetic energy from the fluid flow and generate torque on the turbine 100 about the turbine axis 101. The airfoils 116 may be configured to pivot in specific directions. For example, each airfoil 116 may be configured to pivot about its airfoil axis (e.g., airfoil axes 118) from the closed configuration to the open configuration in a first direction that is consistent with (e.g., the same as) a direction of rotation of the turbine 100, and from the open configuration to the closed configuration in a second direction opposite the first direction.

[0050] In some implementations, the turbine 100 may comprise three blades 104 that are equidistantly spaced around the central portion 102. Furthermore, each blade 104 may include three airfoils 116 spaced linearly along a length thereof that are pivotable about their respective airfoil axes 118 between the open and closed configurations as described herein.

[0051] The airfoil axes 118 of the airfoils 116 may be defined by airfoil axles 120 that extend through respective bearings 122. The airfoil axles 120 and the bearings 122 may be configured to reduce frictional resistance of the airfoils 116 as they pivot between the open and closed configurations. In some implementations, each blade 104 may comprise first bearings connected to the upper wall 112 and second bearings connected to the lower wall 114. An airfoil axle 120 of a respective airfoil 116 may be coupled to respective ones of the first and second bearings, defining the airfoil axis (e.g., airfoil axes 118). In some implementations, the bearings 122 may comprise low-friction bearings (e.g., low- friction ball bearings) to facilitate smooth (e.g., low resistance) pivoting of the airfoils 116.

[0052] Tn an alternative implementations, one or more of the airfoils 116 may be actively actuated. For example, the turbine 100 may include one or more actuators (c.g., electric servomotors, hydraulic pistons, or piezoelectric actuators) configured to pivot the airfoils 116 about their respective airfoil axes 118 in response to control signals generated by a control system (described below). In such an implementation, the control system r may be configured to adjust the position of the airfoils 116 to optimize the turbine’s performance under varying fluidflow conditions. This actively controlled configuration may be used in addition to, or as an alternative to, the passive pivoting arrangement described above. Unless otherwise stated, references herein to pivoting airfoils are intended to encompass both passive and actively actuated implementation.

[0053] To support the structure of each blade 104, at least one support rod 128 may extend from the upper wall 112 to the lower wall 114. As shown, in some implementations there may be four support rods 128 per blade 104.

[0054] As described previously, when the airfoils 116 are in the closed configuration the airfoils 116 may cooperatively form a locking configuration for energy capture. For example, in a three-airfoil configuration, an inner airfoil may contact the central portion 102, a middle airfoil may contact the front portion 124 of the inner airfoil, and an outer airfoil may contact the front portion 124 of the middle airfoil. This arrangement creates a pocket 127 between the upper wall 112, the lower wall 114, and the surface formed by the closed airfoils 116 to capture fluid that interfaces with the respective blade 104.

[0055] The bearings 122 and support rods 128 may also be positioned relative to the upper wall 112 and the lower wall 114 of the blades 104 such that the airfoils 116 interact with the support rods 128 during operation. For example, three of these four support rods 128 may be positioned laterally rearward relative to respective airfoil axes 118 along the blades 104 such that the support rods 128 are configured to inhibit their respective airfoils 116 from pivoting beyond the open position, effectively limiting their range of motion. Accordingly, when the airfoils 116 are in the open configuration, each airfoil 116 may contact a respective one of the three support rods 128. This contact serves to limit the range of motion of the airfoils 116 and maintain their optimal position for minimizing drag. Accordingly, in such an implementation, the upper bearing of each airfoil 116 may be connected to a frontward portion 136 of the upper wall 112, while the lower bearing may be connected to a frontward portion 138 of the lower wall 114. The supportrods 128 may extend from a rearward portion 140 of the upper wall 1 12 to a rearward portion 142 of the lower wall 114.

[0056] The turbine 100, with its central portion 102, blades 104, and innovative airfoil 116 design, forms a cohesive system for efficient energy capture. The adaptive nature of the airfoils 116, combined with their overlapping design and the support provided by the blade structure, allows the turbine 100 to optimize energy capture across a wide range of fluid flow conditions. This design addresses the challenges of low-energy availability in calm conditions, making it a versatile solution for renewable energy generation.

[0057] FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of the turbine 100 configured to interact with a fluid that is moving in the direction indicated by the depicted arrows, which may be referred to as a fluid flow 244. As shown, the turbine 100 comprises three blades 104 arranged radially around the turbine axis 101. Each blade 104 includes three airfoils 116 that are pivotably attached to the blade 104 structure.

[0058] The turbine 100 is configured to rotate in a direction 246 in response to the fluid flow 244. This rotation occurs as the fluid moves through the turbine 100, interacting with the blades 104 and their respective airfoils 116. The blades 104 are spaced equally around the turbine axis 101, with a blade spacing angle 248 between adjacent blades 104. This blade spacing angle 248 may be optimized to enhance energy capture and maintain continuous rotation of the turbine 100. In some implementations, the blade spacing angle 248 may be about 120 degrees. This configuration ensures that at least one blade 104 is always in an optimal position for energy capture, regardless of the direction of the fluid flow 244.

[0059] The interaction between the fluid flow 244 and the turbine 100 is facilitated by the adaptive nature of the airfoils 116 on each blade 104. As the turbine 100 rotates, the airfoils 116 on each blade 104 passively and dynamically adjust their position based on their orientation relative to the fluid flow 244. When a blade 104 is moving against the direction of the fluid flow 244, its airfoils 116 may be in an open configuration. In this configuration, the airfoils 116 present a minimal surface area to the fluid flow 244, reducing drag and allowing the blade 104 to move through the fluid with reduced (e.g., substantially zero) resistance. Conversely, when a blade 104 is moving with the direction of the fluid flow 244, its airfoils 116 may be in a closed configuration. In this closed configuration, the airfoils 116 present a larger surface area to thefluid flow 244, capturing energy and driving the rotation of the turbine 100 about the turbine axis 101.

[0060] This dynamic configuration of the airfoils 116 induces torque on the turbine 100, causing it to rotate in the direction 246. Simultaneously, it reduces drag on the blades 104 moving against the fluid flow 244, enhancing the overall efficiency of the turbine 100.

[0061] The energy capture and torque generation process may be described in relation to the rotational position of the blades 104. As one of the blade 104 moves from the 12 o'clock position to the 6 o'clock position, its airfoils 116 may be in the closed configuration, capturing energy from the fluid flow 244. This energy capture drives the rotation of the turbine 100. After passing the 6 o'clock position, the airfoils 116 on the blade 104 may transition (e.g., instantaneously or substantially instantaneously) to the open configuration. This transition allows the fluid flow 244 to pass through with minimal resistance, reducing drag as the blade 104 moves against the fluid flow 244 from the 6 o'clock position back to the 12 o'clock position.

[0062] As described previously with respect to FIGS. 1A-1B, the airfoils 116 may form an overlapping configuration when in the closed configuration in which the tail edge 134 of each airfoil 116 overlap the leading edge 132 of the adj acent airfoil 116 (and overlaps the central portion 102 with respect to the inner-most airfoil 116). The airfoil axis (e.g., airfoil axes 118) may extend through the leading edge 132, allowing the airfoils 116 to adjust their position passively and dynamically in response to the fluid flow 244. When the airfoils 116 are in the closed configuration, this overlap creates a locked surface for efficient energy capture. The locked surface created by the closed, overlapping airfoils 116 maximizes the area exposed to the fluid flow 244, enhancing torque generation and overall energy conversion efficiency.

[0063] FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of the turbine 100, presenting an alternative implementation to the turbine 100 shown in FIGS. 1 A-2. The implementation of the turbine 100 shown in FIG. 3 may be similar to the turbine 100 shown in FIGS. 1A-2, except as expressly described herein. The implementation of the turbine 100 shown in FIG. 3 comprises the central portion 102 from which multiple blades 104 (e.g., three blades 104) extend radially outward. Each blade 104 includes the upper wall 112 and the lower wall 114 that form a blade structure extending from the central portion 102.

[0064] In this implementation, the blades 104 incorporate three airfoils 116 spaced along their respective lengths. These airfoils 116 are pivotably attached to the blade structure (e.g., theupper wall 112 and the lower wall 114), allowing them to move between the open and closed configurations. The leading edges 132 of the airfoils 116 arc visible, indicating the front portion 124 of each airfoil 116.

[0065] A distinguishing feature of this implementation is the non-linear arrangement of the airfoil axes 118 along each blade 104. Unlike the linear arrangement in the previous implementation, the airfoil axes 118 in this implementation extend non-linearly along the length of each blade 104. This non-linear spacing results in the formation of a concave surface relative to the fluid flow 244 when the airfoils 116 are in the closed configuration. This concave surface may enhance the energy capture capabilities of the turbine 100 by optimizing the interaction with the fluid flow 244.

[0066] Between the upper wall 112 and lower wall 114 of each blade 104, the pocket 127 may be formed when the airfoils 116 are in the closed configuration. In the implementation of the turbine 100 shown in FIG. 3, the concave surface formed by the airfoils 116 in the closed configuration may increase the energy capture efficiency of the turbine 100. Furthermore, in contrast to the implementation shown in FIGS. 1A-2, this implementation features only one support rod 128 per blade 104. This simplified support structure may be achievable due to the non-linearly extending airfoil axes 118 and the associated airfoil axles 120 stiffening the blade structure. The reduction in support rods 128 may result in a lighter overall structure and potentially reduced manufacturing complexity.

[0067] The implementations of the turbine 100 shown in FIGS. 1A-3 may have an overall diameter of about 60 inches, defined by the circular path of ends of the blade 104 as the turbine 100 rotates about the turbine axis 101. In some implementations, the diameter of the turbine 100 may be in a range between about 50 inches and about 70 inches. In other implementations, the turbine 100 may have different diameters. For example, the turbine 100 may be scaled up to diameters of about 90 inches, about 120 inches, or about 180 inches.

[0068] In larger implementations of the turbine 100, such as those with diameters of about 90 inches, about 120 inches, or about 180 inches, each of the blades 104 may incorporate more than three airfoils 116. For example, where the turbine 100 has a diameter of about 90 inches, each blade 104 may include five airfoils 116 spaced along the length of the blade 104. Furthermore, to support the increased weight of the blades 104 in larger diameter implementations, additional structural elements may be incorporated. For example, each blade104 may include one or more cables (e.g., one cable) (not shown) that extend from an inboard portion (c.g., an inboard edge) of the upper wall 112 to an outboard portion (c.g., an outboard edge) of the lower wall 114. In some implementations, the cable may comprise a stainless-steel cable having a diameter of about 1 / 8 inch. The cable may be configured to apply a tension force between the inboard portion of the upper wall 112 and the outboard portion of the lower wall 114 to prevent sagging or deflection of the blades 104, maintaining the structural integrity of the larger turbine 100 designs.

[0069] FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of a turbine stack 452 comprising multiple turbines 100. The turbine stack 452 is arranged vertically along a turbine stack axis 454, which extends through the center of the assembly. The turbine stack 452 may be configured to generate power by rotating in the first direction about the turbine stack axis 454. In some implementations, the turbine stack axis 454 may be perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow 244.

[0070] As shown, the turbine stack 452 may comprise six turbines 100, with each turbine 100 featuring a cylindrical central portion 102 and three blades 104 extending radially outward therefrom. Although the turbine stack 452 is shown with six turbines 100, the turbine stack 452 may include any suitable number of turbines 100 (e.g., one turbine 100, two turbines 100, eight turbines 100, ten turbines 100, etc.). The turbine axis 101 of each turbine 100 may be arranged along the turbine stack axis 454. In some implementations, the central portion 102 of each turbine 100 may be rigidly connected to the central portion 102 of an adjacent turbine 100. This rigid connection ensures that rotation of any turbine 100 results in rotation of the entire turbine stack 452.

[0071] FIG. 5 illustrates a top view of the turbine stack 452, showing its interaction with the fluid flow 244. The turbine stack 452 is depicted rotating in the direction 246 in response to the fluid flow 244. One aspect of the turbine stack 452 is the offset angle 555 between the blades 104 of adjacent turbines 100, creating a helical stacking pattern along the turbine stack axis 454. In some implementations, the offset angle 555 may be in a range between about 5 degrees and about 45 degrees. In some implementations, the offset angle 555 may be in a range between about 20 degrees and about 40 degrees. In some implementations, the offset angle 555 may be about 30 degrees. Where the offset angle 555 is within a range between about 20 degree and about 40 degrees or in a range between about 5 degrees and about 45 degrees, the turbine stack452 may include more or fewer turbines 100 such the blades 104 of respective turbines 100 are equally spaced between adjacent blades 104 of a top-most turbine 100 or a bottom-most turbine 100.

[0072] The helical stacking configuration offers several advantages for energy capture and torque generation. For example, by offsetting the three blades 104 of each turbine 100 from the three blades 104 of an adjacent turbine 100 (e.g., by about 30 degrees), the turbine stack 452 ensures that at least one or two blades 104 are always in the optimal position for energy capture. This arrangement contributes to continuous energy capture and efficient torque generation as the turbine stack 452 rotates about the turbine stack axis 454. In some implementations, the offset configuration may result in the three airfoils 116 of at least one of the blades 104 from at least one of the turbines 100 of the turbine stack 452 being in the closed configuration while the turbine stack 452 rotates about the turbine stack axis 454. This arrangement allows for consistent energy capture across varying fluid flow 244 conditions.

[0073] The helical stacking of six turbines 100 with the offset between each turbine 100 may provide additional benefits in terms of structural integrity and load distribution. In some implementations, the central portion 102 of lower turbines 100 (e.g., the sides 110 of the central portion) in the turbine stack 452 may form a load path for supporting the weight of upper turbines 100. Furthermore, the support rods 128 of the lower turbines 100 in the turbine stack 452 may form at least a portion of the load path for supporting the weight of the upper turbines 100. This load distribution may enhance the overall stability and durability of the turbine stack 452 without the need for external supports.

[0074] A fluid-flow control element in the form of louver box 656, as illustrated in FIGS. 6, 7A, 7B, and 8, may form the outer structure of a turbine unit 674 that includes the turbine stack 452. The louver box 656 may comprise a frame 658 that extends around the sides of the turbine stack 452 and rotationally supports the ends of the turbine stack 452. In some implementations, the frame 658 may include four sides 660 that each define a plane that is substantially parallel with the turbine stack axis 454. The frame 658 provides structural integrity to the turbine stack 452 and serves as a mounting point for various components. The louver box 656 is but an example of a fluid- flow control element. A fluid- flow control element may include any structure configured to regulate an amount, velocity, direction, or distribution of the fluid flow approaching the turbine. Examples include louvers, shutters, vanes, dampers, baffles, sliding orrotating gates, iris-type variable-area mechanisms, butterfly-type flow-control plates, adjustable guide vanes, telescoping duct segments, variable-geometry inlets, deflectors, porous or variableporosity screens, mesh-based flow regulators, and flow-constricting membranes. In various implementations, the fluid-flow control element may rotate, translate, deform, expand, collapse, or otherwise change geometry to modify the fluid flow directed toward the turbine blades. The louver box 656 may include louvers 666 supported by the frame 658. These louvers 666 may be positioned on each of the four sides 660 of the frame 658, effectively surrounding the turbine stack 452. The louvers 666 are positionable between an open position and a closed position, allowing for dynamic control of fluid flow through the turbine unit 674. In some implementations, each of the louvers 666 may extend along a respective one of the sides 660 in a horizontal direction that is generally perpendicular to the turbine stack axis 454. This arrangement allows for efficient control of fluid flow across the entire face of each side of the louver box 656.

[0075] Each side 660 of the frame 658 may be divided into panels 672, such as a first panel and a second panel. In some implementations, the first panel and the second panel may each cover about half (e.g., a lateral half or a vertical half) of a respective one of the four sides 660. Some of the louvers 666 of a respective side 660 may be positioned within the first panel, while the other of the louvers 666 of the respective side 660 may be positioned within the second panel. This configuration allows for independent positioning of the louvers 666 in the first panel relative to those in the second panel, providing greater control over the fluid flow 244.

[0076] The louvers 666 may be pivotable about a louver axis 668 that extends generally in the horizontal direction of the respective louver 666. Each of the louvers 666 may extend from an outboard edge of the first panel or the second panel of a respective side 660 to an inboard edge of the first panel or the second panel. This arrangement ensures complete coverage of each side 660 when the louvers 666 are in the closed position. In some implementations, the louver axis 668 of each louver 666 may be defined by a louver axle 670. The louver axle 670 may also extend from the outboard edge of the first panel or the second panel of a respective side 660 of the frame 658 to an inboard edge of the first panel or the second panel on the respective side 660 of the frame 658.

[0077] The louvers 666 may be configured to control the energy flow through the turbine unit 674. When in the open position, the louvers 666 are configured to allow the fluid flow 244to reach the turbine stack 452, enabling rotation about the turbine stack axis 454. Conversely, when in the closed position, the louvers 666 arc configured to inhibit the fluid flow 244 from reaching the turbine stack 452. In addition to the open and closed positions, the louvers 666 may also be positionable in one or more intermediate positions. When in the one or more intermediate positions, the louvers 666 may be configured to reduce the velocity of the fluid flow 244 that reaches the turbine stack 452. This feature allows for fine-tuning of the turbine's operation based on varying environmental conditions.

[0078] Each of the louvers 666 may be coupled to an associated motor (not shown) that is configured to pivot the louvers 666 between the open position, the closed position, and the one or more intermediate positions. In some implementations, the louvers 666 of a given side 660 or a given panel 672 of the side 660 may be coupled to one motor while other of the louvers 666 (e.g., the louvers 666 of another side 660 or another panel 672 of the side 660) may be coupled to another motor. The motor may be coupled to the given louvers 666 via any suitable means that allow for the rotation of the louver 666 about the louver axis 668. For example, in some implementations, a rod (not shown) may be coupled to a rear portion of one or more louvers 666 and terminate at a worm gear structure that interfaces with a motor to translate the rod and pivot the louvers 666 about their respective louver axes (e.g., louver axis 668 of the louver of the one of more louvers 666). In other implementations, the motor may be an actuator (e.g., a pneumatic or hydraulic actuator) and the rod may be coupled to the rear portion of one or more louvers and terminate at the actuator. In other implementations, a belt or chain drive (not shown) may mechanically couple the louver axle 670 of the one or more louvers 666 to a motor. In other implementations, individual motors may be coupled to respective louvers 666 (e.g., the louver axle 670) either directly or indirectly (e.g., via a gear reduction mechanism).

[0079] The ability to adjust the louvers 666 independently on each side 660 of the louver box 656 provides several advantages. For example, the louvers 666 on the panel 672 of the side 660 facing the fluid flow 244 associated with the blades 104 moving with the direction of the fluid flow 244 may be opened to capture energy, while the louvers 666 on the panel 672 of the side 660 facing the fluid flow 244 associated with the blades 104 moving against the direction of the fluid flow 244 may be closed or partially closed to reduce drag on the blades 104. This configuration enhances the overall efficiency of the turbine unit 674.

[0080] The louver box 656 may also be configured to protect the turbine stack 452 in extreme weather conditions. During storms or hurricanes, the louvers 666 can be adjusted or fully closed to protect the turbine stack 452 from damage. This adaptability allows the turbine unit 674 to operate safely and efficiently in a wide range of weather conditions. In calm periods, the louvers 666 may remain fully open, maximizing energy capture. As wind speeds increase, the louvers 666 can be partially closed to regulate the fluid flow 244 and maintain optimal operating conditions. In extreme high wind conditions, the louvers 666 can be fully closed, effectively shutting down the turbine unit 674 to prevent damage.

[0081] The turbine unit 674 may also incorporate a gearbox assembly 979 that includes an input shaft and an output shaft (explained further with respect to FIGS. 9A-9B). The input shaft of the gearbox assembly 979 may be coupled to the turbine stack 452, such that rotation of the input shaft results in rotation of the output shaft according to a gear ratio (e.g., gearing, a ratio between a set of gears, or a plurality of gears, etc.) of the gearbox assembly 979. In some implementations, a turbine control system including a controller 981 (also explained further with respect to FIGS. 9A-9B) may be electrically coupled to the gearbox assembly 979. The turbine controller 981 may be configured to send at least one signal to change the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly 979. This feature allows for dynamic adjustment of the turbine's operation based on current conditions (e.g., current environmental conditions around the turbine unit 674) to, for example, enable rotation of the turbine stack 452 in low velocity fluid flow 244 conditions or during startup of the turbine stack 452.

[0082] For example, the turbine controller 981 may be configured to change the gear ratio in response to the velocity of the fluid flow 244 exceeding or falling below a velocity threshold such that more rotation of the input shaft results in less rotation of the output shaft. As another example, the turbine controller 981 may be configured to change the gear ratio in response to the velocity of the fluid flow 244 exceeding or falling below a velocity threshold such that less rotation of the input shaft results in more rotation of the output shaft. The turbine unit 674 may also include a power generator (not shown) coupled to the output shaft of the gearbox assembly 979. The power generator may be configured to generate electrical power in response to rotation of the turbine stack 452, converting the captured kinetic energy into usable electricity. In some implementations, the power generator may be electrically coupled to a battery for the storage of electrical energy produced via the turbine unit 674.

[0083] Tn some implementations, the gearbox assembly 979 may include one or more mechanisms configured to provide a variable gear ratio in response to a control signal from the control system. For example, the gearbox assembly may include a multi-stage gear train in which the rotational input shaft may be selectively coupled to different gear stages by one or more shift actuators, such as electric servomotors, hydraulic actuators, electromagnetic clutches, magnetic- particle clutches, or mechanical dog clutches. By selectively engaging or disengaging different gear stages, the gearbox assembly may transition between discrete gear ratios that alter the rotational speed transmitted to the output shaft. In other implementations, the gearbox assembly may include a continuously variable transmission (CVT) mechanism — such as a belt-and-cone CVT, a toroidal CVT, a power-split or planetary-type CVT, or a hydrostatic CVT — configured to smoothly vary the gear ratio over a continuous range. In such embodiments, an actuator (such as a servo-controlled cam, a hydraulic piston, an electromechanical linear actuator, or an electronically controlled clutch) may reposition one or more components (e.g., sheaves, cones, rollers, or hydraulic displacement elements) to adjust the speed ratio between the input shaft and the output shaft. In other embodiments, the gearbox assembly may include a magnetic or eddy- current coupling configured to modulate torque transfer, thereby effectively altering the speed and torque relationship between the input shaft and the output shaft by varying the strength of the magnetic coupling in response to the control signal. These various mechanisms may be configured to receive the gear-ratio control signal generated by the control system and, in response, adjust the mechanical relationship between the input shaft and the output shaft to regulate the rotational speed delivered to downstream components of the turbine unit. Referring to FIG. 8, to facilitate maintenance and assembly, each of the turbines 100 in the turbine stack 452 may include a turbine coupling 876. The turbine coupling 876 may be configured to facilitate removable mechanical coupling of adjacent turbines 100 in the turbine stack 452. This feature allows for easier assembly, disassembly, and replacement of individual turbines 100 within the turbine stack 452.

[0084] The louver box 656 may incorporate generally lightweight, durable materials and a modular design to reduce manufacturing complexity and costs. For example, the frame 658 and louvers 666 may be comprised of lightweight materials or combinations of materials, such as polymers, composites, aluminum alloys, or the like. These materials may offer advantages in terms of weight reduction, corrosion resistance, and ease of manufacturing. For example, insome implementations, the louvers 666 may be comprised of corrugated polymer sheets. The corrugated structure may increase the material's resistance to bending and torsional forces, potentially allowing for thinner, lighter components that maintain necessary structural integrity. This design may also contribute to improved aerodynamic performance of the louvers 666.

[0085] The frame 658 may be constructed using modular components 664 that can be easily assembled and disassembled. For example, the sides 660 and / or the panels 672 may be configured as units separate from the frame 658 that can be quickly connected to or disconnected from the frame 658. This modular approach may facilitate more efficient manufacturing processes, as well as simplified maintenance and upgrades in the field. In some implementations, the louver box 656 may employ a combination of materials to optimize performance and costeffectiveness. For example, the frame 658 may utilize aluminum extrusions for structural support, while the louvers 666 may be made from lightweight polymer materials. This hybrid approach may balance strength, weight, and manufacturing complexity. The use of these lightweight, durable materials and modular design principles in the louver box 656 may contribute to reduced production costs and increased scalability of the turbine unit 674. Additionally, the lightweight construction may ease transportation and installation processes, potentially expanding the range of suitable deployment locations for the turbine assembly.

[0086] The integration of the louver box 656 with the turbine stack 452 to form the turbine unit 674 creates a highly adaptable and efficient energy capture system. The ability to control fluid flow 244 through the turbine unit 674 via the adjustable louvers 666 addresses many of the limitations faced by traditional wind turbine designs.

[0087] FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate orthogonal side views of the turbine unit 674, showing its operation under different conditions. As shown, the turbine unit 674 may comprise several components, including the turbine stack 452, the louver box 656, the gearbox assembly 979, the turbine controller 981, and one or more sensors 983. In FIG. 9A, the louver box 656 is shown with its louvers 666 in the open position such as to allow maximum fluid flow 244 through the turbine stack 452. The fluid flow 244 enters from the left side of the louver box 656, passes through the turbine stack 452, and exits on the right side. This configuration may be used during normal operating conditions to maximize energy capture. FIG. 9B depicts the louver box 656 with its louvers 666 in one of the one or more the intermediate positions. Here, the louvers 666 are angled, as indicated by a louver angle 977, to restrict the fluid flow 244 through the turbinestack 452. This configuration may be used to control (e.g., reduce) the fluid flow 244 velocity and volume entering the turbine unit 674 during higher wind conditions.

[0088] In some implementations, the control system includes a fluid- flow controller 1099 to control a fluid-flow element such as louvers 666, which operates independently or under the supervision of the turbine controller 981. In some implementations, the turbine controller 981 and / or fluid-flow controller be configured to send at least one signal to change the position of at least some of the louvers 666 (e.g., may be configured to send at least one signal to the motors of the associated louvers 666 to change the position of the associated louvers 666). We refer to a fluid-flow controller that specifically controls at least one fluid flow control element (e.g., louvers 666) as a fluid flow controller (e.g., louver controller. The louver controller may be configured to adjust the louvers 666 independently of other louvers 666, allowing for fine-tuned control of fluid flow 244 that reaches the turbine stack 452. For example, the louver controller may be configured to change the position of the louvers 666 on one side 660 of the louver box 656 independently of the louvers 666 on other sides 660. As another example, the louver controller may be configured to change the position of the louvers 666 of one panel 672 independently of the louvers 666 of another panel 672. In some implementations, the turbine controller 981 may comprise or be in communication with the louver controller.

[0089] The gearbox assembly 979 may be located at the bottom of the turbine unit 674, connected to the turbine stack 452. The gearbox assembly 979 may function to transfer and potentially modify the rotational energy from the turbine stack 452. In some implementations, the turbine controller 981 may be electrically coupled to the gearbox assembly 979 and the motors of the associated louvers 666.

[0090] The one or more sensors 983 may be positioned anywhere on turbine unit that is exposed to the fluid flow 244 and or the turbine stack 452. For example, as shown, one of the sensors 983 from the one or more sensors 983 may be positioned at the bottom of the louver box 656. This sensor 983 may be configured to detect operational data that pertains to the operation of turbine unit 674, such as for example the positions of one or more louvers 666, the position of one or more airfoils 116, or the speed of rotation of central portion 102, the velocity of the fluid flow 244, either before entering the louver box 656, after exiting the louver box 656, and or while traveling through the louver box 656. The operational data from the one or more sensors 983 may be used as an input signal by the control system, including turbine controller 981 oroptional fluid-flow controller to adjust the operation of the turbine unit 674. In some implementations, such as where the turbine controller 981 comprises the fluid-flow controller the turbine controller 981 may be configured to send at least one signal to change at least one of the gear ratio or the position of the louvers 666 or other fluid-flow control element to maintain a rotational velocity of the turbine stack 452 above a rotational velocity threshold. Similarly, the turbine controller 981 may be configured to send at least one signal to change at least one of the gear ratio or the position of the louvers 666 to maintain a power generation rate of the generator above a power generation rate threshold. As explained above, in some implementations, the turbine controller 981 may comprise or be in communication with the fluid-flow controller. This integrated control system may allow for coordinated adjustments of both the gearbox assembly 979 and the louvers 666 based on the detected fluid flow 244 conditions (e.g., the velocity of the fluid flow 244) and other factors (e.g., the rotational velocity (e.g., RPM) of the louver stack 452, the power generation rate of the generator, etc.), for example.

[0091] In some implementations, the fluid-flow controller and / or the turbine controller 981 may incorporate advanced features such as Internet of Things (loT) capabilities, artificial intelligence (Al), machine learning (ML), and autonomous operation functionalities to enhance the overall performance and efficiency of the turbine unit 674. For example, the fluid-flow controller and / or turbine controller 981 may be equipped with loT-enabled components (explained in detail below with respect to FIG. 10) that allow for remote monitoring, diagnostics, and control of the turbine unit 674. These components may facilitate real-time tracking of turbine performance metrics and environmental conditions. In some implementations, the turbine controller 981 may be configured to send a signal to change the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly 979 based on at least one of the position of at least some of the louvers 666 and / or the velocity of the fluid flow 244.

[0092] For example, the one or more sensors 983 may be configured to continuously collect operational data regarding fluid flow 244 velocity, turbine stack 452 rotation speed, and power output, which in some implementations, may be transmitted to a remote monitoring system (e.g., a remote server) (not expressly shown) via secure wireless protocols for interpretation and / or processing. The sensor data and / or the interpreted / processed data from the remote monitoring system may be receivable by the control system including fluid- flow controller and / or the turbine controller 981, whereby the fluid-flow controller and / or the turbine controller 981 may beconfigured to send control signals to control one or more operations of the turbine unit 674 based thereon.

[0093] Furthermore, the fluid- flow controller and / or the turbine controller 981 may incorporate artificial intelligence (Al) and / or machine learning (ML) algorithms to enhance system performance. These algorithms may analyze historical and real-time data (e.g., collected via the one or more sensors 983, the fluid-flow controller, the turbine controller 981, and / or other means) to predict maintenance needs based on performance trends. For example, if the turbine controller 981, via an ML algorithm, detects a gradual decrease in efficiency over time, the turbine controller 981 may identify potential issues (e.g., component failures) before they lead to system-level failures, allowing for proactive maintenance.

[0094] For example, in some implementations, the fluid-flow controller and / or the turbine controller 981 may utilize Al or ML algorithms to optimize the positioning of louvers 666 (e.g., with respect to the louver angle 977) under varying environmental conditions. By analyzing patterns in fluid flow 244 and energy output, the system may learn (e.g., adjust parameters over time) to adjust the louver angle 977 to maximize energy capture while minimizing strain on the turbine components. Similarly, the fluid- flow controller and / or the turbine controller 981 may utilize Al or ML algorithms to dynamically adjust the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly 979 based on current and predicted conditions (e.g., sensed by the one or more sensors 983). This may involve analyzing data from the one or more sensors 983 and external weather forecasts to anticipate changes in fluid flow 244 and preemptively adjust the system for optimal performance.

[0095] In various implementations, the control system including controller 981, or a combination of the turbine controller and a fluid-flow controller, may utilize the operational data received from the one or more sensors 983 to generate both the gearbox control signal and the louver or fluid-flow control signal. For example, the control system may receive real-time measurements of fluid-flow velocity and compare the detected velocity to one or more predetermined thresholds. When the detected velocity exceeds an upper threshold, indicating a high-flow or high-wind condition, the controller may generate a control signal instructing the gearbox assembly 979 to shift to a lower gear ratio in order to limit rotational speed of the turbine stack. At the same time, the control system may generate a louver control signal that causes one or more louvers or other fluid-flow control elements to partially close to reduce the mass flow of fluid incident upon the blades. When the detected velocity falls below a lowerthreshold, the controller may increase the gear ratio and open the louvers to capture more kinetic energy.

[0096] In another example, the control system may attempt to maintain the rotational speed of the turbine stack within a desired operating band. The rotational speed may be detected by one or more sensors 983, such as an encoder or other rotational-speed sensor. When the sensed rotational speed exceeds a predetermined value, the control system may reduce the gear ratio by generating the corresponding gear-ratio control signal and may also reduce fluid-flow exposure by generating a louver control signal that partially closes one or more louvers. When the sensed rotational speed falls below the desired range, the control system may open the louvers further and may increase the gear ratio to permit more efficient energy capture.

[0097] In some implementations, the control system may regulate output power of the generator. If the measured power output is below a desired target due to insufficient fluid flow, the control system may open the louvers to increase the available flow and may shift the gearbox to a higher gear ratio to increase mechanical advantage. When the power output exceeds the target, such as during strong-flow conditions, the control system may partially close the louvers while reducing the gear ratio to limit mechanical loading and maintain consistent power generation.

[0098] In certain implementations, the control system may also respond to turbulence or changes in flow angle. For instance, if the incoming flow exhibits significant turbulence or arrives at an oblique angle relative to the louver box, the control system may close or reposition specific groups of louvers on one side of the turbine housing while also adjusting the gear ratio to compensate for anticipated variations in torque efficiency.

[0099] In some implementations, the control system may implement predictive or modelbased strategies. For example, the control system may utilize a simple predictive model or a machine-learning algorithm to forecast near-term wind or fluid-flow conditions. When the model predicts an impending high-flow event, the control system may preemptively generate the gearbox control signal to shift toward a lower gear ratio and may simultaneously generate the louver control signal to begin closing one or more louvers as needed to maintain system stability and avoid overspeed conditions.

[0100] For example, in some implementations, the turbine controller 981 may be configured to predict near-term changes in the fluid flow 244 by analyzing historical and real-timeoperational data obtained from the one or more sensors 983. For example, the control system may store time-series records of measured flow velocity, turbulence intensity, flow direction, turbine rotational speed, and power output. By comparing current measurements to previously observed patterns, the control system may identify trends indicative of rising or falling flow conditions. In one example, if the rate of change of measured flow velocity exceeds a predetermined slope, the control system may determine that a rapid increase in flow is likely to occur and may adjust the gear ratio and the louvers in anticipation of the event. Similarly, if the control system detects a sustained decrease in fluid flow or a characteristic fluctuation known to precede a lull, it may preemptively adjust the louver position and gear ratio to maintain efficient operation.

[0101] In some embodiments, the control system may employ a mathematical or statistical model to forecast the fluid flow 244. Such a model may include linear or nonlinear regression techniques, moving-average or autoregressive forecasting, or other model-based estimators configured to generate a short-term prediction of flow velocity based on recent sensor readings. The predicted flow value may be used as an input to the logic that generates the gearbox control signal and the louver control signal, allowing the turbine unit 674 to respond before the predicted change occurs.

[0102] In other implementations, the control system may incorporate a machine-learning algorithm trained on previously collected operational data. The algorithm may be trained to recognize patterns in the sensor data that typically precede changes in flow conditions, such as sudden gusts, shear effects, or transitional flow states. Once trained, the algorithm may continuously process real-time sensor measurements and output a prediction of whether an increase or decrease in flow velocity is likely to occur within a short time horizon. Based on this prediction, the control system may preemptively reduce the gear ratio, begin closing one or more louvers, or make other adjustments to maintain turbine stability and optimize power capture.

[0103] In some cases, the control system may also receive external data sources in addition to locally measured sensor data. For example, the control system may receive weather forecasts, micro-climate data, or information from nearby turbines. This external data may be fused with the real-time sensor data to improve the accuracy of the prediction. The combined or “fused” prediction may then be used to adjust the gear ratio or louver positions ahead of the actual change in flow conditions. In this manner, the prediction modules of the control system enableanticipatory adjustments that increase efficiency, reduce mechanical stress, and improve the overall responsiveness of the turbine unit 674.

[0104] The control system functionality may also be implemented using a distributed architecture that includes multiple processors or control modules. For example, a first control module may generate the louver control signal based on flow velocity measurements, while a second control module may generate the gearbox control signal based on torque or rotational- speed measurements. A supervisory controller, or a communication link between the modules, may coordinate their operation so that the louver adjustments and gear-ratio adjustments complement one another. This example illustrates that the generation of the gearbox and louver control signals may be performed by a single processor or by multiple processors operating cooperatively.

[0105] In some implementations, the control system may employ hysteresis or stability logic to avoid rapid oscillation of louver position or gear ratio. For example, the control system may modify the louver control signal only when wind or flow velocity remains above or below a predetermined threshold for a certain time interval. Similarly, the control system may update the gear-ratio control signal only when the deviation of turbine rotational speed from a target value exceeds a predetermined margin. These control approaches may enhance stability and reduce mechanical wear.

[0106] The turbine unit 674 may be configured for autonomous operation, with the fluidflow controller and / or turbine controller 981 operating (e.g., cooperating) to adjust parameters without human intervention. For example, during a sudden increase in fluid flow 244 velocity, the fluid-flow controller and / or the turbine controller 981 may be configured to automatically adjust the louver angle 977 to partially close the louvers 666, while simultaneously modifying the gear ratio to maintain optimal rotational speed of the turbine stack 452. In some implementations, the fluid-flow controller and / or the turbine controller 981 of the autonomous system may also incorporate safety protocols. For example, if extreme weather conditions are detected, the fluid-flow controller and / or the turbine controller 981 may automatically close the louvers 666 to protect the internal components (e.g., the turbine stack 452), while the turbine controller 981 adjusts the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly 979 to reduce stress on the system.

[0107] The autonomous operation of the turbine unit 674 may also extend to energy output optimization based on external factors. For example, the louver controller and / or the turbine controller 981 may be configured to analyze associated grid demand patterns and adjust the turbine unit 674 output (e.g., adjust the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly 979 and / or the louver angle 977 of the louvers 666) accordingly, such as to store excess energy in a battery (not expressly shown) during low-demand periods and increase output during peak times. By incorporating these advanced features, the louver controller and turbine controller 981 may significantly enhance the efficiency, reliability, and adaptability of the turbine unit 674, potentially leading to improved energy capture and reduced maintenance needs.

[0108] In some implementations, the turbine unit 674 may be integrated with a battery storage system. The battery storage system may be electrically coupled to the turbine unit 674 and may be controlled by the louver controller and / or the turbine controller 981 to optimize energy distribution during high energy-demand periods. For example, the louver controller and / or the turbine controller 981 may be configured to adjust the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly 979 and / or the louver angle 977 of the louvers 666 to optimize energy generation for battery storage when sufficient fluid flow 244 is present. For example, during periods of high fluid flow 244 and low grid demand, the controller may adjust the louvers 666 to maximize energy capture and direct excess energy to charge the battery storage system. Conversely, during periods of low fluid flow 244 and high grid demand, the controller may optimize the louver angle 977 and gear ratio to maximize energy output from both the turbine unit 674 and the battery storage system.

[0109] The integration of Al or ML algorithms within the fluid-flow controller and / or the turbine controller 981 may enable predictive optimization of energy storage based on real-time and forecasted grid demands. These algorithms may analyze historical data, weather forecasts, and grid usage patterns to anticipate future energy needs. For example, if the Al predicts an upcoming period of high grid demand coinciding with low fluid flow 244, it may preemptively cause the turbine unit 674 to charge the battery storage system during periods of excess energy generation. In microgrid applications, the battery-integrated turbine unit 674 may serve as a reliable and flexible energy source. During grid outages or periods of instability, the turbine unit 674 and battery storage system may work in tandem to provide consistent power to the microgrid. The fluid-flow controller and / or turbine controller 981 may dynamically balance theenergy output between the turbine unit 674 and the battery storage system to maintain stable voltage and frequency within the microgrid.

[0110] Furthermore, the battery-integrated turbine unit 674 may contribute to grid stabilization by providing ancillary services such as frequency regulation and voltage support. The fast response time of the battery storage system, combined with the adjustable output of the turbine unit 674, may allow for rapid power injection or absorption to help balance grid frequency. The fluid-flow controller and / or turbine controller 981 may be programmed to respond to grid signals and adjust the combined output of the turbine unit 674 and battery storage system accordingly. The battery storage system may also enable the turbine unit 674 to participate in energy arbitrage, storing energy when prices are low and discharging when prices are high. The Al or ML algorithms may analyze energy market data and optimize the charging and discharging cycles of the battery to maximize economic benefits while still meeting grid stability requirements.

[0111] In some implementations, the battery-integrated turbine unit 674 may be part of a larger network of distributed energy resources. The fluid-flow controller and / or turbine controller 981 may communicate with other energy management systems to coordinate energy production, storage, and distribution across the network. This coordinated approach may enhance overall grid resilience and efficiency, allowing for better integration of renewable energy sources and reducing reliance on traditional fossil fuel-based power plants. In some implementations, the fluid-flow controller and / or the turbine controller 981 may be configurated to integrate with smart building systems (not expressly shown) through open protocols (e.g., modbus or the like), potentially optimizing overall energy usage and distribution within a larger infrastructure.

[0112] FIG. 10 illustrates a wind turbine monitoring and control system (WTMCS) for the turbine unit 674. The WTMCS may be configured to monitor and control operational parameters of the turbine unit 674. The WTMCS may comprise multiple interconnected components (described below) that cooperate to form an integrated system for data acquisition, processing, control, and real-time monitoring.

[0113] A dashboard 1085 may provide a user interface for monitoring turbine parameters and controlling actuators. The dashboard 1085 may receive processed data from a node server 1087 via APIs or WebSocket connections. In some implementations, the dashboard 1085 may display real-time parameters such as wind speed, RPM, voltage, temperature, and humidity. Thedashboard 1085 may also provide historical data visualization with, for example, graphs and charts.

[0114] The node server 1087 may facilitate communication between a PostgreSQL database 1091, an MQTT broker 1093, and the dashboard 1085. The node server 1087 may contain an MQTT client 1089 for subscribing to and publishing messages to the MQTT broker 1093. In some implementations, the node server 1087 may process raw data to calculate derived metrics such as turbine efficiency and energy output. The processed data may be stored in the PostgreSQL database 1091.

[0115] The PostgreSQL database 1091 may act as a central repository to store and retrieve turbine data such as voltage, temperature, humidity, RPM, wind speed, and actuator statuses. The database 1091 may provide a structured way to organize and access historical data for analysis and reporting purposes. The MQTT broker 1093 may manage message communication between the node server 1087 and an edge device 1095. The MQTT broker 1093 may facilitate low- latency data transfer and control signals.

[0116] The edge device 1095 may interface with the one or more sensors 983, the louvers 666, and / or other components such as a charge controller, an inverter 1097, and the gearbox assembly 979 to provide communication therebetween. The edge device 1095 may communicate with the node server 1087 via the MQTT broker 1093. In some implementations, the edge device 1095 may use Modbus, SPI / I2C, and V / I communication protocols to interact with various subsystems. The inverter 1097 may convert stored DC power into AC for utilization. The inverter 1097 may interface with multiple components of the WTMCS. For example, the inverter 1097 may communicate (e.g., either directly or indirectly via the edge device 1095) with the generator (not shown) to manage power output and with the battery (not shown) for energy storage and retrieval. The inverter 1097 may also interface with (e.g., either directly or indirectly via the edge device 1095) the fluid- flow controller (e.g., louver controller 1099)), the turbine controller 981, the gearbox assembly 979, and / or the one or more sensors 983.

[0117] The turbine controller 981 may oversee the overall operation of the turbine unit 674. As explained previously, the turbine controller 981 may be configured to send control signals to adjust the louvers 666 to manage airflow and optimize turbine efficiency. The turbine controller 981 may also interface with (e.g., either directly or indirectly via the edge device 1095) the gearbox assembly 979 to adjust rotational speed for optimal turbine performance. The gearboxassembly 979 may communicate (e.g., either directly or indirectly via the edge device 1095) with the inverter 1097 and the turbine controller 981 to optimize mechanical performance based on current operating conditions (e.g., sensed via the one or more sensors 983). The one or more sensors 983 may be configured to collect environmental and operational data such as fluid flow 244 velocity, temperature, and humidity, and / or the rotational velocity of the turbine stack 452. In some implementations, the one or more sensors 983 may transmit data to the edge device 1095 using SPI / I2C protocols.

[0118] The WTMCS may involve multiple data flow and control workflows. In a monitoring workflow, the one or more sensors 983 may measure parameters such as fluid flow 244 velocity, temperature, and humidity and / or the rotational velocity of the turbine stack 452. The data may be transmitted to the edge device 1095, which may forward the data to the MQTT broker 1093. The node server 1087 may process the data and store it in the PostgreSQL database 1091. The dashboard 1085 may then retrieve and display the data to users. In a control workflow, for example, a user may send a command via the dashboard 1085 to adjust, for example, the louver angle 977 of the louvers 666. The node server 1087 may process the command and publish it to the MQTT broker 1093. The edge device 1095 may receive the command and communicate with the louvers 666 (e.g., via the louver controller 1099 and / or the turbine controller 981) using V / I signals.

[0119] The WTMCS may incorporate security measures such as MQTT authentication using usemame / password or certificates to secure MQTT connections. Data transmission may be secured using SSL / TLS for MQTT and APIs. Access control may be implemented to restrict database and dashboard access to authorized users. The architecture of the WTMCS may also support fault tolerance and scalability. The MQTT broker 1093 may support multiple clients for reliable communication. The node server 1087 may validate incoming data and log errors in the database. The architecture may support adding more sensors or devices without significant redesign, allowing for system expansion and adaptation to changing requirements.

[0120] This dynamic control system allows the turbine unit 674 to adapt to a wide range of fluid flow 244 conditions, from calm periods where maximum energy capture is desired to high wind events where protection of the turbine components is paramount. The combination of adjustable louvers 666, variable gearbox assembly (e.g., gearbox assembly 979) ratios, theturbine controller 981, and one or more sensors 983 feedback creates a highly responsive and efficient energy capture system.

[0121] In some implementations, the louver box 656 may include heating components (not shown) that are in communication with the one or more sensors 983, the fluid-flow controller (e.g., louver controller 1099), and / or the turbine controller 981. These heating components may be configured to control the temperature of various elements of the louver box 656 and / or the turbine stack 452, such as the louvers 666, the turbines 100, or other components. This temperature control functionality may be particularly useful in environments where ice formation or low temperatures could potentially impact the performance or integrity of the system. In some implementations, the one or more sensors 983 may be configured to detect the temperature of the louver box 656, the turbine stack 452, components thereof, or the environment (e.g., the fluid flow 244) therearound. For example, if the one or more sensors 983 detects a temperature that falls below a predetermined temperature threshold, it may trigger a response from the fluid-flow controller (e.g., louver controller 1099) and / or the turbine controller 981, which may include sending a signal to the heating components to change the temperature of the affected areas.

[0122] According to one example implementation, if the one or more sensors 983 detects that the temperature of the louvers 666 has dropped below a threshold temperature (e.g., that risks ice formation) the louver controller 1099 and / or the turbine controller 981 may activate the heating components to raise the temperature of the louvers 666. This action may prevent ice buildup that could otherwise impede the movement of the louvers 666 or affect their aerodynamic properties. Similarly, if the one or more sensors 983 detects a low temperature (e.g., a temperature that falls below a temperature threshold) in the turbine stack 452, the turbine controller 981 may initiate a heating cycle to defrost the turbines 100 or other components of the stack. This defrosting process may help maintain optimal performance of the turbines 100 and prevent any potential damage from ice formation on the turbine blades or other critical components.

[0123] The heating components may also be activated preemptively based on weather forecasts or historical data analyzed by the Al or ML algorithms of the fluid-flow controller and / or turbine controller 981. This proactive approach may help maintain system efficiency and prevent potential issues before they occur. In some implementations, the heating process may be coordinated with the positioning of the louvers 666 and the operation of the turbine stack 452 tooptimize energy usage and maintain overall system efficiency. For example, the fluid-flow controller (e.g., louver controller 1099) may adjust the louver angle 977 to minimize heat loss during the heating process, while the turbine controller 981 may modify the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly 979 to account for any changes in fluid dynamics resulting from the heating operation or from reduced fluid flow 244 resulting from the adjusted louver angle 977. Although described with respect to the fluid-flow controller (e.g., louver controller 1099) and the turbine controller 981, it will be recognized that the AL or ML algorithms may be implemented via other components of the WTMCS (e.g., the dashboard 1085, the node server 1087, the edge device 1095, etc.) and operate as described previously through communication between components thereof.

[0124] FIGS. 11, 12A, and 12B illustrate a turbine assembly 1178. The turbine assembly 1178 comprises the turbine unit 674 positioned above a service area 1180. The service area 1180 may include a frame 1182 that provides structural support and that is covered with paneling 1184, which may include a door or access panel (explained below). In some implementations, the service area 1180 may be configured to support the weight of at least a portion of the turbine unit 674.

[0125] As shown, a frame coupling 1186 may be disposed between the turbine unit 674 and the service area 1180. The frame coupling 1186 may be configured to removably connect and secure these components of the turbine assembly 1178. In some implementations, the turbine coupling 1186 may be positioned at an end 662 of the turbine unit 674 (e.g., the end 662 of the frame 658 of the louver box 656 of the turbine unit 674) and may be configured to removably connect the frame 658 to the frame 1182 of the service area 1180. In some implementations, the frame coupling 1186 may also be configured to mechanically couple the turbine stack 452 to the gearbox assembly 979 (e.g., to the input shaft of the gearbox assembly 979) or to mechanically couple the gearbox assembly 979 (e.g., the output shaft of the gearbox assembly 979) to the generator and / or the inverter 1097.

[0126] Each of the turbine unit 674 and the service area 1180 may define a footprint, and the footprint of the turbine unit 674 may substantially match the footprint of the service area 1180. This design feature may contribute to the overall stability and efficient use of space in the turbine assembly 1178. The turbine assembly 1178 may also include a roof 1188 positioned at the top thereof, which may extend beyond (e.g., slightly beyond) the width of the structure below it (e.g.,beyond the footprint of the turbine unit 674 or the service area 1 180). The roof 1 188 may be operable to protect the components beneath from environmental elements. In some implementations, the roof 1188 may be connectable to a top end 662 of a top-most one of multiple turbine units 674 to inhibit falling objects from contacting the turbine stack 452 of a top-most one of the multiple turbine units 674.

[0127] FIGS. 13, 14 A, and 14B illustrate an implementation of the turbine assembly 1178 with multiple turbine units 674. In this configuration, two turbine units 674 are positioned on top of each other; however, any number of turbine units 674 may be included (e.g., three turbine units 674, four turbine units 674, six turbine units 674, etc.). Between the turbine units 674 and between the lower turbine unit 674 and the service area 1180 are the frame couplings 1186, which may be further configured to removably connect the turbine units 674 to each other and / or to the service area 1180 below. In some implementations, one of the frame couplings 1186 may be positioned at the end 662 of the frame 658 of one of the multiple turbine units 674 and may be configured to facilitate mechanical coupling of the turbine stack 452 of the turbine unit 674 to the turbine stack 452 of another of the multiple turbine units 674 to which the turbine unit 674 is mechanically coupled.

[0128] In some implementations, the frame coupling 1186 may be configured to ensure that rotation of the turbine stack 452 of one of the multiple turbine units 674 results in rotation of the turbine stack 452 of other of the multiple turbine units 674 to which the one of the multiple turbine units 674 is removably coupled. For example, the frame coupling 1186 may be configured to transfer or reverse the rotation direction of the turbine stack 452 (e.g., may be configured to transfer or reverse rotational energy of the turbine stack 452) between adjacent turbine units 674 or to change the rotation characteristics of the turbine stack 452 between adjacent turbine units 674. Reversing the rotation direction of the turbine stacks 452 of adjacent turbine units 674 may aid in the reduction (e.g., elimination) of stress and vibrations on the turbine assembly 1178, or components thereof, that may result from rotation of the turbine stacks 452.

[0129] Reversal of the rotation direction between turbine stacks 452 may be implemented via various mechanisms of the frame coupling 1186. For example, the frame coupling 1186 may comprise a gear system (not shown) that reverses the direction of rotation as it transfers motion between turbine units 674, and that may include a combination of spur gears, bevel gears,planetary gears, or the like arranged in any configuration that changes the rotation direction of adjacent turbine stacks 452 while maintaining the transfer of rotational energy therebetween. As another example, the frame coupling 1186 may comprise a system of axles and gears (not shown) to facilitate the rotation reversal, in which the axles may be connected to the turbine stacks 452 of adjacent turbine units 674, with an intermediate gear assembly transferring and reversing the rotational motion between the axles. As another example, the frame coupling 1186 may comprise a differential gear system (not shown) that allows for the reversal of rotation direction while accommodating slight differences in rotational speeds between adjacent turbine units 674, which may occur due to variations in wind conditions at different heights. As another example, the frame coupling 1186 may comprise a chain or belt drive system (e.g., with a crossed configuration) to reverse the rotation direction, which may provide a more flexible connection between turbine units 674.

[0130] The rotation reversal functionality of the frame coupling 1186 may contribute to the overall performance of the turbine assembly 1178. By alternating the rotation direction between adjacent turbine units 674, the system may reduce the impact of wake effects and potentially increase the total energy capture of the assembly. Additionally, this configuration may help balance the overall torque distribution within the turbine assembly 1178, potentially reducing vibration-related stress on individual components and extending the operational lifespan of the turbine assembly 1178 and components thereof.

[0131] In some implementations, components that may be shared between the turbine units 674 of the turbine assembly 1178 such as, for example, the gearbox assembly 979, the fluid-flow controller (e.g., louver controller 1099), and the turbine controller 981, may be coupled to the bottom-most of the turbine units 674 (e.g., to a bottom of the bottom-most of the turbine units 674). By positioning these components at a lower one of the turbine units 674, a center of gravity (e.g., a center of mass) of the turbine assembly 1178 may be positioned below (e.g., substantially below) a geometric center of the turbine assembly 1178 in the vertical direction, enabling multiple turbine units 674 to be employed (e.g., stacked) without destabilizing the turbine assembly 1178.

[0132] The modular design of the turbine assembly 1178 facilitates maintenance and enables scalability. The service area 1180 provides easy access for maintenance operations, while the ability to stack multiple turbine units 674 allows for increased power generation capacity asneeded. Furthermore, the integration of multiple turbine units 674 connectable via the frame couplings 1186 and having a shared service area 1180 creates a versatile and efficient energy capture system. This modular configuration allows for easy assembly, disassembly, and replacement of individual turbine units 674, enhancing the overall flexibility and maintainability of the turbine assembly 1178.

[0133] FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate isometric views of the service area 1180 for the turbine assembly 1178. The service area 1180 comprises several components and features designed to support the operation and maintenance of the turbine assembly 1178. As described above, the service area 1180 may include the frame 1182 that provides structural support for the service area 1180. The frame 1182 may be covered with paneling 1184 to enclose the interior space. A door 1590 may be integrated into the paneling 1184, allowing access to the interior of the service area 1180. In some implementations, the service area 1180 may define a volume that is sized to accommodate a standing person, facilitating maintenance and operational tasks. Furthermore, an access device 1592 may be integrated with the door 1590 that serves as an interface for accessing the service area 1180. The frame 1182 may incorporate one or more insulation recesses 1594 configured to accommodate insulation material, enhancing the thermal efficiency of the service area 1180. In some implementations, the insulation recesses 1594 may contribute to maintaining optimal operating conditions for the components within the service area 1180, potentially improving overall system performance.

[0134] Within the service area 1180, one or more of the gearbox assembly 979, the fluidflow controller (e.g., louver controller 1099), the turbine controller 981, and the inverter 1097 may be disposed. As explained previously, the gearbox assembly 979 may function to transfer and potentially modify the rotational energy from the turbine stack 452. The fluid-flow controller (e.g., louver controller 1099) and / or the turbine controller 981 may be electrically coupled to various components such as the gearbox assembly 979, the one or more sensors 983 (see FIGS. 9A-9B), and the inverter 1097, allowing for coordinated control and optimization of the turbine system's operation. Furthermore, one or more of the dashboard 1085, the node server 1087, the MQTT client 1089, the PostgreSQL database 1091, the MQTT broker 1093, the edge device 1095, the inverter 1097, or components or portions thereof may also be disposed within the service area 1180 and, as explained previously with respect to FIG. 10, may be in communication with the turbine controller 981 and / or the fluid- flow controller. The dashboard1085 may serve as an interface for monitoring and controlling the turbine assembly 1178. Tn some implementations, the dashboard 1085 may comprise a control panel and / or a digital interface allowing operators to adjust system parameters or view operational data (e.g., to adjust parameters of the turbine controller 981 and / or the fluid- flow controller). The configuration of the service area 1180 with its various components and features may facilitate efficient maintenance, monitoring, and control of the turbine assembly 1178.

[0135] As used herein, the term “control system” refers to one or more processors, controllers, or control modules (including, for example, a turbine controller 981, a fluid-flow controller, or any combination thereof) that individually or collectively perform the control functions described in this disclosure. As used herein, a “controller” may be implemented using one or more processors, microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, application-specific integrated circuits, or other electronic circuitry configured to execute instructions or otherwise generate control signals, functionality described herein. Any reference to a particular controller generating a control signal, receiving operational data, or performing a control action is intended to encompass embodiments in which such functionality is carried out by a single processor, by multiple processors operating cooperatively, or by distributed control elements without requiring any particular hierarchy, supervisory relationship, or division of responsibility. The control system may receive and utilize any suitable operational data, including but not limited to fluid- flow velocity, louver position, airfoil position, rotational speed, torque, generator load, temperature, vibration, or predicted values derived therefrom. References to specific examples of control logic (such as gear-ratio adjustments based on fluid-flow velocity or louver position) are non-limiting illustrations, and no inference should be drawn that such parameters are required or exclusive. The allocation of control functions among components of the control system may vary across implementations, and no particular architecture, communication pathway, or control hierarchy is required.

[0136] An example of the foregoing may be a turbine unit to capture energy from a fluid flow comprising at least one turbine arranged along a turbine stack.

[0137] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with each turbine having a central portion.

[0138] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with each turbine having a plurality of blades extending radially from and rotatable about thecentral portion.

[0139] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with each blade being exposed to the fluid flow and comprising an upper wall, a lower wall, and at least one airfoil positioned between the upper wall and the lower wall.

[0140] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the at least one airfoil being movable between an open configuration and a closed configuration.

[0141] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the at least one airfoil, in the closed configuration, being configurable to form a surface oblique to a direction of the fluid flow to convert kinetic energy of the fluid flow into rotation of the turbine about the turbine axis.

[0142] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the turbine unit further comprising a gearbox assembly coupled to the at least one turbine and configured to convert rotation of the turbine into mechanical output power.

[0143] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the gearbox assembly comprising a rotatable input shaft mechanically coupled to the at least one turbine.

[0144] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the gearbox assembly comprising a set of gears engaged with the input shaft and responsive to a first control signal to vary a gear ratio of the set of gears.

[0145] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the gearbox assembly comprising a rotatable output shaft driven by the set of gears.

[0146] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with at least one sensor configured to generate at least one controller input signal based on at least some operational data.

[0147] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a fluid-flow control element arranged in proximity to the at least one turbine and responsive to a second control signal to regulate an amount of the fluid flow directed toward the plurality of blades.

[0148] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a control system configured to generate the first control signal and the second control signalbased at least in part on the at least one controller input signal.

[0149] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the plurality of airfoils comprising a first airfoil with a first airfoil axis and a second airfoil with a second airfoil axis.

[0150] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the first airfoil being configured to move between the open configuration and the closed configuration.

[0151] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the second airfoil being configured to move between the open configuration and the closed configuration.

[0152] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the first airfoil being in the open configuration while the second airfoil is in the closed configuration.

[0153] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a fluid flow control box including a frame surrounding the turbine stack.

[0154] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the frame being configured to support a plurality of panels.

[0155] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with each panel of the plurality of panels including a plurality of adjustable fluid flow control elements.

[0156] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the plurality of adjustable fluid flow control elements each comprising a fluid flow control element axis.

[0157] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the plurality of adjustable fluid flow control elements being configured to move about respective fluid flow control element axes between an open position, a closed position, and an intermediate position.

[0158] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the frame comprising at least one component configured to be modular.

[0159] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with at least one panel of the plurality of panels being configured to separate from the framefrom a connected position to a disconnected position.

[0160] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the at least one panel being connected to the frame in the connected position.

[0161] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the at least one panel being disconnected from the frame in the disconnected position.

[0162] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with at least one adjustable fluid flow control element of the plurality of adjustable fluid flow control elements being configured to move independently of other adjustable fluid flow control elements of the plurality of adjustable fluid flow control elements.

[0163] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the at least one adjustable fluid flow control element being configured to move between the open position, the intermediate position, and the closed position.

[0164] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the open position being configured to permit fluid flow to reach the turbine stack.

[0165] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the closed position being configured to inhibit fluid flow from reaching the turbine stack.

[0166] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the at least one turbine of the turbine stack being positioned in an offset configuration from an adjacent turbine in the turbine stack.

[0167] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the offset configuration being configured such that at least one or two blades are positioned for energy capture while the turbine stack rotates about the turbine stack axis.

[0168] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the offset configuration including a plurality of airfoils of at least one of the blades in the closed configuration during rotation.

[0169] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a frame surrounding the turbine stack and a service area.

[0170] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the service area defining an interior volume sized to accommodate one or more components of the turbine unit.

[0171] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combinedwith the service area being sized to accommodate at least one insulation recess configured to maintain an interior temperature.

[0172] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the frame connecting the turbine unit to the service area.

[0173] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the frame being configured to transfer rotational energy from the turbine stack to the gearbox assembly.

[0174] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the turbine unit further comprising a plurality of turbine units.

[0175] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the plurality of turbine units being vertically stacked above the service area.

[0176] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with each turbine unit comprising a turbine stack.

[0177] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with each turbine unit comprising a fluid flow control box surrounding the turbine stack.

[0178] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with at least one frame coupling being positioned between each turbine unit of the plurality of turbine units.

[0179] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the frame couplings being configured to permit a rotation of at least one turbine stack of at least one turbine unit of the plurality of turbine units and another turbine stack of the plurality of turbine stacks.

[0180] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the rotation of the at least one turbine unit occurring when the another turbine stack rotates.

[0181] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a louver arranged in proximity to the at least one turbine and responsive to a second control signal to regulate an amount of the fluid flow directed toward the plurality of blades.

[0182] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a control system configured to generate the first control signal and the second control signal based at least in part on the at least one controller input signal.

[0183] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combinedwith the plurality of airfoils comprising a first airfoil with a first airfoil axis and a second airfoil with a second airfoil axis.

[0184] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the first airfoil being configured to move between the open configuration and the closed configuration.

[0185] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the second airfoil being configured to move between the open configuration and the closed configuration.

[0186] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the first airfoil being in the open configuration while the second airfoil is in the closed configuration.

[0187] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a louver box including a frame surrounding the turbine stack.

[0188] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the frame being configured to support a plurality of panels.

[0189] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with each panel of the plurality of panels including a plurality of adjustable louvers.

[0190] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the plurality of adjustable louvers each comprising a louver axis.

[0191] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the plurality of adjustable louvers being configured to move about respective louver axes between an open position, a closed position, and an intermediate position.

[0192] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the frame comprising at least one component configured to be modular.

[0193] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with at least one panel of the plurality of panels being configured to separate from the frame from a connected position to a disconnected position.

[0194] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the at least one panel being connected to the frame in the connected position.

[0195] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the at least one panel being disconnected from the frame in the disconnected position.

[0196] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with at least one adjustable louver of the plurality of adjustable louvers being configured to move independently of other adjustable louvers of the plurality of adjustable louvers.

[0197] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the at least one adjustable louver being configured to move between the open position, the intermediate position, and the closed position.

[0198] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the open position being configured to permit fluid flow to reach the turbine stack.

[0199] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the closed position being configured to inhibit fluid flow from reaching the turbine stack.

[0200] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the at least one turbine of the turbine stack being positioned in an offset configuration from an adjacent turbine in the turbine stack.

[0201] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the offset configuration being configured such that at least one or two blades are positioned for energy capture while the turbine stack rotates about the turbine stack axis.

[0202] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the offset configuration including a plurality of airfoils of at least one of the blades in the closed configuration during rotation.

[0203] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a frame surrounding the turbine stack and a service area.

[0204] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the service area defining an interior volume sized to accommodate one or more components of the turbine unit.

[0205] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the service area being sized to accommodate at least one insulation recess configured to maintain an interior temperature.

[0206] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the frame connecting the turbine unit to the service area.

[0207] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the frame being configured to transfer rotational energy from the turbine stack to thegearbox assembly.

[0208] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the turbine unit further comprising a plurality of turbine units.

[0209] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the plurality of turbine units being vertically stacked above the service area.

[0210] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with each turbine unit comprising a turbine stack.

[0211] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with each turbine unit comprising a louver box surrounding the turbine stack.

[0212] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with at least one frame coupling being positioned between each turbine unit of the plurality of turbine units.

[0213] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the frame couplings being configured to permit a rotation of at least one turbine stack of at least one turbine unit of the plurality of turbine units and another turbine stack of the plurality of turbine stacks.

[0214] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the rotation of the at least one turbine unit occurring when the another turbine stack rotates.

[0215] Another example of the foregoing may be a turbine unit comprising a turbine stack.

[0216] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the turbine stack including at least one turbine arranged along a turbine stack axis, wherein the at least one turbine is configured to rotate in response to a fluid flow.

[0217] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the turbine unit comprising a plurality of sides.

[0218] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a louver box surrounding the turbine stack.

[0219] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the louver box comprising a frame extending around the plurality of sides of the turbine stack.

[0220] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the louver box comprising a plurality of louvers mounted to the frame.

[0221] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with each louver of the plurality of louvers being configured to pivot between an open position, at least one intermediate position, and a closed position.

[0222] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a louver controller mechanically coupled to at least one of the plurality of louvers by at least one actuator configured to pivot the louvers between the open position, the at least one intermediate position, and the closed position.

[0223] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the louver controller being configured to pivot the louvers between the open position, the at least one intermediate position, and the closed position.

[0224] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the louver controller being configured to at least partially pivot the louvers to the intermediate position during a high wind event.

[0225] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the louver controller being configured to pivot the louvers to the open position during normal operating conditions.

[0226] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the frame further comprising a first side and a second side, the second side positioned opposite the first side.

[0227] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the first side comprising at least one louver of the plurality of louvers.

[0228] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the second side comprising at least one louver of the plurality of louvers.

[0229] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the at least one louver on the first side being configured to move independently of the at least one louver on the second side.

[0230] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the frame comprising a plurality of panels.

[0231] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with each panel of the plurality of panels being configured to support at least one louver of the plurality of louvers.

[0232] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the louver controller being configured to pivot the at least one louver of one panel independently of the at least one louver of another panel.

[0233] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the louver controller being configured to position the plurality of louvers on a first side of the louver box in a first position.

[0234] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the louver controller being configured to position the plurality of louvers on an adjacent second side of the louver box in a second position.

[0235] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the first position and the second position being different to direct the fluid flow across the turbine stack.

[0236] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the louver controller being configured to coordinate movement of louvers on a first side of the louver box and a second side of the louver box opposite the first side.

[0237] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the first side being moved toward an open position while the second side is simultaneously moved toward a closed or intermediate position to optimize fluid flow through the turbine stack.

[0238] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the turbine unit further comprising a gearbox assembly operatively coupled to the turbine stack.

[0239] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the louver controller being configured to communicate with a turbine controller to adjust a gear ratio of the gearbox assembly in coordination with adjustment of the louvers.

[0240] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the louver controller and the turbine controller being configured to simultaneously modify a position of the louvers and modify the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly in response to changes in fluid flow velocity to maintain a predetermined rotational speed of the turbine stack.

[0241] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a fluid flow control box surrounding the turbine stack.

[0242] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combinedwith the fluid flow control box comprising a frame extending around the plurality of sides of the turbine stack.

[0243] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the fluid flow control box comprising a plurality of fluid flow control elements mounted to the frame.

[0244] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with each fluid flow control element being configured to pivot between an open position, at least one intermediate position, and a closed position.

[0245] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a fluid flow controller mechanically coupled to at least one of the plurality of fluid flow control elements by at least one actuator configured to pivot the fluid flow control elements between the open position, the at least one intermediate position, and the closed position.

[0246] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the fluid flow controller being configured to pivot the fluid flow control elements between the open position, the at least one intermediate position, and the closed position.

[0247] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the fluid flow controller being configured to at least partially pivot the fluid flow control elements to the intermediate position during a high wind event.

[0248] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the fluid flow controller being configured to pivot the fluid flow control elements to the open position during normal operating conditions.

[0249] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the frame further comprising a first side and a second side, the second side positioned opposite the first side.

[0250] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the first side comprising at least one fluid flow control element of the plurality of fluid flow control elements.

[0251] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the second side comprising at least one fluid flow control element of the plurality of fluid flow control elements.

[0252] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combinedwith the at least one fluid flow control element on the first side being configured to move independently of the at least one fluid flow control element on the second side.

[0253] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the frame comprising a plurality of panels.

[0254] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with each panel of the plurality of panels being configured to support at least one fluid flow control element of the plurality of fluid flow control elements.

[0255] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the fluid flow controller being configured to pivot the at least one fluid flow control element of one panel independently of the at least one fluid flow control element of another panel.

[0256] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the fluid flow controller being configured to position the plurality of fluid flow control elements on a first side of the fluid flow control box in a first position.

[0257] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the fluid flow controller being configured to position the plurality of fluid flow control elements on an adjacent second side of the fluid flow control box in a second position.

[0258] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the first position and the second position being different to direct the fluid flow across the turbine stack.

[0259] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the fluid flow controller being configured to coordinate movement of fluid flow control elements on a first side of the fluid flow control box and a second side of the fluid flow control box opposite the first side.

[0260] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the first side being moved toward an open position while the second side is simultaneously moved toward a closed or intermediate position to optimize fluid flow through the turbine stack.

[0261] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the turbine unit further comprising a gearbox assembly operatively coupled to the turbine stack.

[0262] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the fluid flow controller being configured to communicate with a turbine controller to adjusta gear ratio of the gearbox assembly in coordination with adjustment of the fluid flow control elements.

[0263] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the fluid flow controller and the turbine controller being configured to simultaneously modify a position of the fluid flow control elements and modify the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly in response to changes in fluid flow velocity to maintain a predetermined rotational speed of the turbine stack.

[0264] Another example of the foregoing may be a wind turbine system comprising a turbine stack surrounded by a fluid flow control element box.

[0265] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a turbine stack surrounded by a fluid flow control box, the fluid flow control box comprising at least one a fluid-flow control element configured to control fluid flow through the a fluid-flow control element wherein the turbine stack is coupled to a gearbox assembly.

[0266] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a plurality of sensors configured to collect operational data from the wind turbine system, wherein the operational data includes at least one of a fluid flow velocity, a rotational speed of the turbine stack, or an environmental condition.

[0267] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with an edge device in communication with the plurality of sensors and the wind turbine system wherein the edge device is configured to transmit the operational data and receive control signals.

[0268] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a node server in communication with the edge device and configured to process the operational data into processed operational data.

[0269] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a dashboard configured to display the processed operational data and receive user input for controlling the wind turbine system.

[0270] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a turbine controller in communication with the edge device, wherein at least one actuator is coupled to the turbine controller and the gearbox assembly.

[0271] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combinedwith the turbine controller being configured to drive the at least one actuator to move the at least one fluid flow control element and adjust the gearbox assembly of the wind turbine system based on at least one of the processed operational data or the user input from the dashboard.

[0272] Another example of the foregoing may include the operational data further comprising historical data and real-time data, and the node server being configured to identify patterns based on the real-time data and the historical data.

[0273] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the node server being configured to adjust at least one of the fluid flow control elements of the wind turbine system via the turbine controller based on the patterns.

[0274] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the node server being configured to predict fluid flow conditions in response to identifying the patterns.

[0275] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the node server being configured to transmit control signals to the turbine controller to adjust at least one of the at least one fluid flow control elements or the gearbox assembly of the wind turbine system based on the patterns.

[0276] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the gearbox assembly including an input shaft, an output shaft and a gear ratio.

[0277] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with an input rotation of the input shaft corresponding to an output rotation of the output shaft according to a gear ratio.

[0278] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the turbine controller being configured to send at least one signal to change the gear ratio.

[0279] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the turbine controller being configured to adjust the gear ratio in response to a fluid flow velocity.

[0280] Another example of the foregoing may be a wind turbine system comprising a turbine stack surrounded by a louver box.

[0281] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a turbine stack surrounded by a louver box, the louver box comprising at least one a louver configured to control fluid flow through the louver wherein the turbine stack is coupled to agearbox assembly.

[0282] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a plurality of sensors configured to collect operational data from the wind turbine system, wherein the operational data includes at least one of a fluid flow velocity, a rotational speed of the turbine stack, or an environmental condition.

[0283] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with an edge device in communication with the plurality of sensors and the wind turbine system wherein the edge device is configured to transmit the operational data and receive control signals.

[0284] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a node server in communication with the edge device and configured to process the operational data into processed operational data.

[0285] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a dashboard configured to display the processed operational data and receive user input for controlling the wind turbine system.

[0286] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with a turbine controller in communication with the edge device, wherein at least one actuator is coupled to the turbine controller and the gearbox assembly.

[0287] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the turbine controller being configured to drive the at least one actuator to move the at least one louver and adjust the gearbox assembly of the wind turbine system based on at least one of the processed operational data or the user input from the dashboard.

[0288] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the operational data further comprising historical data and real-time data, and the node server being configured to identify patterns based on the real-time data and the historical data.

[0289] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the node server being configured to adjust at least one of the louvers of the wind turbine system via the turbine controller based on the patterns.

[0290] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the node server being configured to predict fluid flow conditions in response to identifying the patterns.

[0291] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the node server being configured to transmit control signals to the turbine controller to adjust at least one of the at least one louvers or the gearbox assembly of the wind turbine system based on the patterns.

[0292] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the gearbox assembly including an input shaft, an output shaft and a gear ratio.

[0293] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with an input rotation of the input shaft corresponding to an output rotation of the output shaft according to a gear ratio.

[0294] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the turbine controller being configured to send at least one signal to change the gear ratio.

[0295] The example may include one or more functions or structures set forth above combined with the turbine controller being configured to adjust the gear ratio in response to a fluid flow velocity.

[0296] Another example of the foregoing may be a turbine assembly comprising a gearbox assembly including a set of gears having a variable gear ratio.

[0297] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with at least one sensor configured to detect at least some operational data.

[0298] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with a control system comprising one or more processors configured to execute instructions to receive the at least some operational data from at least one sensor.

[0299] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the control system being configured to execute instructions to transmit the operational data from the at least one sensor to the control system.

[0300] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the control system being configured to execute instructions to generate at least one controller input signal in response to the at least some operational data.

[0301] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the control system being configured to execute instructions to generate at least one control signal based at least in part on the at least one controller input signal.

[0302] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth abovecombined with the control system being configured to execute instructions to adjust the variable gear ratio in response to the at least one control signal.

[0303] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the turbine assembly further comprising a fluid-flow control element configured to control fluid flow through the fluid-flow control element.

[0304] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to regulate an amount of the fluid flow directed through the fluid-flow control element.

[0305] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the at least one control signal including a first control signal generated to adjust the variable gear ratio and a second control signal generated to regulate the amount of the fluid flow directed through the fluid-flow control element.

[0306] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the variable gear ratio being adjusted while the amount of fluid flow is regulated through the fluid-flow control element.

[0307] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the operational data further comprising historical operational data and real-time operational data.

[0308] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to analyze the historical operational data and the real-time operational data.

[0309] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to determine a predicted change based at least in part on the historical operational data and the real-time operational data.

[0310] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to adjust the variable gear ratio in response to the predicted change.

[0311] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to compare the at least some operational data to at least one predetermined threshold associated with operation of the turbine assembly.

[0312] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth abovecombined with the instructions including instructions to determine whether the at least some operational data exceeds the at least one predetermined threshold.

[0313] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to generate the at least one control signal to adjust the variable gear ratio in response to determining that the at least some operational data exceeds the at least one predetermined threshold.

[0314] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to adjust the variable gear ratio in response to the at least one control signal.

[0315] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to regulate at least one fluid-flow control element in response to determining that the at least some operational data exceeds the at least one predetermined threshold.

[0316] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to compare the at least some operational data to at least one predetermined threshold associated with operation of the turbine assembly.

[0317] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to determine whether the at least some operational data is less than the at least one predetermined threshold.

[0318] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to generate the at least one control signal to adjust the variable gear ratio in response to determining that the at least some operational data is less than the at least one predetermined threshold.

[0319] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to adjust the variable gear ratio in response to the at least one control signal.

[0320] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to regulate at least one fluid-flow control element in response to determining that the at least some operational data is less than the at least one predetermined threshold.

[0321] Another example of the foregoing may be a turbine assembly comprising a gearboxassembly including a set of gears having a variable gear ratio.

[0322] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with at least one sensor configured to detect at least some operational data.

[0323] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with a control system comprising one or more processors configured to execute instructions to receive the at least some operational data from at least one sensor.

[0324] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the control system being configured to execute instructions to transmit the operational data from the at least one sensor to the control system.

[0325] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the control system being configured to execute instructions to generate at least one controller input signal in response to the at least some operational data.

[0326] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the control system being configured to execute instructions to generate at least one control signal based at least in part on the at least one controller input signal.

[0327] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the control system being configured to execute instructions to adjust the variable gear ratio in response to the at least one control signal.

[0328] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the turbine assembly further comprising at least one louver configured to control fluid flow through the louver.

[0329] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to regulate an amount of the fluid flow directed through the louver.

[0330] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the at least one control signal including a first control signal generated to adjust the variable gear ratio and a second control signal generated to regulate the amount of the fluid flow directed through the louver.

[0331] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the variable gear ratio being adjusted while the amount of fluid flow is regulated through the louver.

[0332] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the operational data further comprising historical operational data and real-time operational data.

[0333] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to analyze the historical operational data and the real-time operational data.

[0334] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to determine a predicted change based at least in part on the historical operational data and the real-time operational data.

[0335] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to adjust the variable gear ratio in response to the predicted change.

[0336] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to compare the at least some operational data to at least one predetermined threshold associated with operation of the turbine assembly.

[0337] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to determine whether the at least some operational data exceeds the at least one predetermined threshold.

[0338] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to generate the at least one control signal to adjust the variable gear ratio in response to determining that the at least some operational data exceeds the at least one predetermined threshold.

[0339] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to adjust the variable gear ratio in response to the at least one control signal.

[0340] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to regulate at least one louver in response to determining that the at least some operational data exceeds the at least one predetermined threshold.

[0341] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to compare the at least some operationaldata to at least one predetermined threshold associated with operation of the turbine assembly.

[0342] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to determine whether the at least some operational data is less than the at least one predetermined threshold.

[0343] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to generate the at least one control signal to adjust the variable gear ratio in response to determining that the at least some operational data is less than the at least one predetermined threshold.

[0344] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to adjust the variable gear ratio in response to the at least one control signal.

[0345] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the instructions including instructions to regulate at least one louver in response to determining that the at least some operational data is less than the at least one predetermined threshold.

[0346] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with adjustment of the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly being responsive to a control signal that is coordinated with a control signal used to adjust the fluid-flow control element.

[0347] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with a first control signal configured to adjust the fluid-flow control element and a second control signal configured to adjust the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly, the first and second control signals being generated in functional relation to one another.

[0348] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the second control signal for adjusting the gear ratio being derived from, based on, or computed using at least one parameter used to generate the first control signal for adjusting the fluid-flow control element.

[0349] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with a control system configured to generate separate but coordinated control signals for adjusting the fluid-flow control element and adjusting the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly.

[0350] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth abovecombined with the first control signal and the second control signal being temporally coordinated such that a change in one of the signals initiates, modifies, delays, or otherwise influences a change in the other.

[0351] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the louver controller being configured to transmit coordination data to a gearbox controller such that adjustment of the gear ratio is responsive to at least one louver-control condition.

[0352] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly being adjusted in response to at least one of: a louver position, a commanded louver position, or a rate of change of louver position.

[0353] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the first control signal and the second control signal being generated from at least one common controller input signal, including sensor data indicative of at least one operational condition.

[0354] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with a predictive algorithm configured to generate coordinated adjustments of the fluid-flow control element and the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly based on shared real-time or forecasted operational data.

[0355] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the louver controller and the gearbox controller being configured to exchange coordination data such that adjustment of the gear ratio is responsive to a control state of the fluid-flow control element.

[0356] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the control system being configured to generate a single unified control command message containing at least one subcommand to adjust the fluid-flow control element and at least one subcommand to adjust the gear ratio.

[0357] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the control system being configured to adjust the gear ratio in anticipation of, or in response to, a commanded adjustment of the fluid-flow control element.

[0358] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with coordinated adjustment of the fluid-flow control element and the gear ratio of thegearbox assembly being performed to maintain at least one operating parameter within a predetermined range.

[0359] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly being adjusted responsive to a control signal that is correlated with, dependent on, or associated with a control signal used to adjust the at least one fluid-flow control element.

[0360] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with adjustment of the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly being responsive to a control signal that is coordinated with a control signal used to adjust at least one louver.

[0361] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with a first control signal configured to adjust at least one louver and a second control signal configured to adjust the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly, the first and second control signals being generated in functional relation to one another.

[0362] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the second control signal for adjusting the gear ratio being derived from, based on, or computed using at least one parameter used to generate the first control signal for adjusting at least one louver.

[0363] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with a control system configured to generate separate but coordinated control signals for adjusting at least one louver and adjusting the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly.

[0364] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the first control signal and the second control signal being temporally coordinated such that a change in one of the signals initiates, modifies, delays, or otherwise influences a change in the other.

[0365] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the louver controller being configured to transmit coordination data to a gearbox controller such that adjustment of the gear ratio is responsive to at least one louver-control condition.

[0366] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly being adjusted in response to at least one of: a position of at least one louver, a commanded position of at least one louver, or a rate ofchange of position of at least one louver.

[0367] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the first control signal and the second control signal being generated from at least one common controller input signal, including sensor data indicative of at least one operational condition.

[0368] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with a predictive algorithm configured to generate coordinated adjustments of at least one louver and the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly based on shared real-time or forecasted operational data.

[0369] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the louver controller and the gearbox controller being configured to exchange coordination data such that adjustment of the gear ratio is responsive to a control state of at least one louver.

[0370] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the control system being configured to generate a single unified control command message containing at least one subcommand to adjust at least one louver and at least one subcommand to adjust the gear ratio.

[0371] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the control system being configured to adjust the gear ratio in anticipation of, or in response to, a commanded adjustment of at least one louver.

[0372] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with coordinated adjustment of at least one louver and the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly being performed to maintain at least one operating parameter within a predetermined range.

[0373] The example may include one or more steps, functions, or structures set forth above combined with the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly being adjusted responsive to a control signal that is correlated with, dependent on, or associated with a control signal used to adjust at least one louver.

[0374] While the disclosure has been described in connection with certain implementations, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to the disclosed implementations but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements includedwithin the scope of the appended claims, which scope is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures as is permitted under the law.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A turbine unit to capture energy from a fluid flow, comprising: at least one turbine arranged along a turbine stack axis, each turbine having: a central portion; and a plurality of blades extending radially from and rotatable about the central portion, each blade exposed to the fluid flow and having an upper wall, a lower wall, and at least one airfoil positioned between the upper wall and the lower wall and movable between an open configuration and a closed configuration, wherein, in the closed configuration, the airfoil is configurable to form a surface oblique to a direction of the fluid flow to convert kinetic energy of the fluid flow into rotation of the turbine about the turbine axis; a gearbox assembly coupled to the at least one turbine and configured to convert rotation of the turbine into mechanical output power, the gearbox assembly having: a rotatable input shaft mechanically coupled to the at least one turbine; a set of gears engaged with the input shaft and responsive to a first control signal to vary a gear ratio of the set of gears; and a rotatable output shaft driven by the set of gears; at least one sensor configured to generate at least one controller input signal based on at least some operational data; a fluid-flow control element arranged in proximity to the at least one turbine and responsive to a second control signal to regulate an amount of the fluid flow directed toward the plurality of blades; and a control system configured to generate the first control signal and the second control signal based at least in part on the at least one controller input signal.

2. The turbine unit of claim 1, wherein the plurality of airfoils comprises: a first airfoil with a first airfoil axis; and a second airfoil with a second airfoil axis, wherein the first airfoil is configured to move between the open configuration and the closed configuration, andthe second airfoil is configured to move between the open configuration and the closed configuration, such that the first airfoil is in the open configuration while the second airfoil is in the closed configuration.

3. The turbine unit of claim 1, further comprising a fluid flow control box including a frame surrounding the turbine stack wherein: the frame is configured to support a plurality of panels; each panel of the plurality of panels includes a plurality of adjustable fluid flow control elements; the plurality of adjustable fluid flow control elements each comprise a fluid flow control element axis; and the plurality of adjustable fluid flow control elements are configured to move about respective fluid flow control elements axes between an open position, a closed position, and an intermediate position.

4. The turbine unit of claim 3, wherein: the frame comprises at least one component configured to be modular; at least one panel of the plurality of panels is configured to separate from the frame from a connected position to a disconnected position; the at least one panel is connected to the frame in the connected position; and the at least one panel is disconnected from the frame in the disconnected position.

5. The turbine unit of claim 3, wherein: at least one adjustable fluid flow control elements of the plurality of the adjustable fluid flow control elements is configured to move independently of other adjustable fluid flow control elements of the plurality of the adjustable fluid flow control elements; the at least one adjustable fluid flow control elements is configured to move between the open position, the intermediate position, and the closed position; the open position is configured to permit fluid flow to reach the turbine stack; and the closed position is configured to inhibit fluid flow from reaching the turbine stack.

6. The turbine unit of claim 1 , wherein: the at least one turbine of the turbine stack is positioned in an offset configuration from an adjacent turbine in the turbine stack; the offset configuration is configured such that at least one or two blades are positioned for energy capture while the turbine stack rotates about the turbine stack axis; and the offset configuration includes a plurality of airfoils of the at least one of the blades in the closed configuration during rotation.

7. The turbine unit of claim 1, further comprising: a frame surrounding the turbine stack; and a service area, wherein: the service area defines an interior volume sized to accommodate one or more components of the turbine unit; the service area is sized to accommodate at least one insulation recess configured to maintain an interior temperature; the frame connects the turbine unit to the service area; and the frame is configured to transfer rotational energy from the turbine stack to the gearbox assembly.

8. The turbine unit of claim 7, further comprising a plurality of turbine units wherein the plurality of turbine units are vertically stacked above the service area, each turbine unit comprising: a turbine stack; a fluid flow control box surrounding the turbine stack; and at least one frame coupling is positioned between each turbine unit of the plurality of turbine units, wherein: the frame couplings are configured to permit a rotation of at least one turbine stack of at least one turbine unit of the plurality of turbine units and another turbine stack of the plurality of turbine stacks; and the rotation the at least one turbine unit occurs when the another turbine stack rotates.

9. A turbine unit, comprising: a turbine stack including at least one turbine arranged along a turbine stack axis, wherein the at least one turbine is configured to rotate in response to a fluid flow; a plurality of sides; a louver box surrounding the turbine stack, the louver box comprising: a frame extending around that extends around the plurality of sides of the turbine stack of the turbine stack; a plurality of louvers mounted to the frame, wherein each louver of plurality of louvers configured to pivot between an open position, at least one intermediate position, and a closed position; and a louver controller mechanically coupled to at least one of the plurality of louvers by at least one actuator configured wherein configured to pivot the louvers between the open position, the at least one intermediate position, and the closed position, and wherein the louver controller is configured to: pivot the louvers between the open position, the at least one intermediate position, and the closed position; at least partially pivot the louvers to the intermediate position during a high wind event; and pivot the louvers to the open position during normal operating conditions.

10. The turbine unit of claim 9, wherein: the frame further comprises a first side and a second side, the second side positioned opposite the first side; the first side comprises at least one louver of the plurality of louvers; the second side comprises at least one louver of the plurality of louvers; and the at least one louvers on the first side are configured to move independently of the at least one louver on the second side.

11. The turbine unit of claim 9, wherein: the frame comprises a plurality of panels;each panel of the plurality of panels is configured to support at least one louver of the plurality of louvers; and the louver controller is configured to pivot the at least one louver of one panel independently of the at least one louver of another panel.

12. The turbine unit of claim 9, wherein the louver controller is configured to: position the plurality of louvers on a first side of the louver box in a first position; and position the plurality of louvers on an adjacent second side of the louver box in a second position, wherein the first position and the second position are different to direct the fluid flow across the turbine stack.

13. The turbine unit of claim 9, wherein: the louver controller is configured to coordinate movement of louvers on a first side of the louver box and a second side of the louver box opposite the first side; and the first side is moved toward the open position while the second side is simultaneously moved toward a closed or intermediate position to optimize fluid flow through the turbine stack.

14. The turbine unit of claim 9, further comprising a gearbox assembly operatively coupled to the turbine stack, wherein the louver controller is configured to communicate with a turbine controller to adjust a gear ratio of the gearbox assembly in coordination with adjustment of the louvers.

15. The turbine unit of claim 14, wherein the louver controller and the turbine controller are configured to simultaneously modify a position of the louvers and modify a position of the gear ratio of the gearbox assembly in response to changes in fluid flow velocity to maintain a predetermined rotational speed of the turbine stack.

16. A wind turbine system comprising: a turbine stack surrounded by a fluid flow control box, the fluid flow control box comprising:at least one a fluid-flow control element configured to control fluid flow through the a fluid-flow control element wherein the turbine stack is coupled to a gearbox assembly; a plurality of sensors configured to collect operational data from the wind turbine system, wherein the operational data includes at least one of a fluid flow velocity, a rotational speed of the turbine stack, or an environmental condition; an edge device in communication with the plurality of sensors and the wind turbine system wherein the edge device is configured to transmit the operational data and receive control signals; a node server in communication with the edge device and configured to process the operational data into processed operational data; a dashboard configured to display the processed operational data and receive user input for controlling the wind turbine system; and a turbine controller in communication with the edge device, wherein at least one actuator is coupled to the turbine controller and the gearbox assembly, and the turbine controller is configured to drive the at least one actuator to move the at least one fluid flow control element and adjust the gearbox assembly of the wind turbine system based on at least one of the processed operational data or the user input from the dashboard.

17. The wind turbine system of claim 16, wherein: the operational data further comprises historical data and real-time data; and the node server is configured to: identify patterns based on the real-time data and the historical data; and adjust at least one of the fluid flow control elements of the wind turbine system via the turbine controller based on the patterns.

18. The wind turbine system of claim 17, wherein the node server is configured to: predict fluid flow conditions in response to identifying the patterns; andtransmit control signals to the turbine controller to adjust at least one of the at least one fluid flow control elements or the gearbox assembly of the wind turbine system based on the patterns.

19. The wind turbine system of claim 16, wherein: the gearbox assembly includes an input shaft, an output shaft and a gear ratio; an input rotation of the input shaft corresponds to an output rotation of the output shaft according to a gear ratio; and the turbine controller is configured to send at least one signal to change the gear ratio.

20. The wind turbine system of claim 19, wherein the turbine controller is configured to adjust the gear ratio in response to the fluid flow velocity.

21. A turbine assembly, comprising: a gearbox assembly including a set of gears having a variable gear ratio; at least one sensor configured to detect at least some operational data; a control system comprising one or more processors configured to execute instructions to: receive the at least some operational data from at least one sensor; transmit the operational data from the at least one sensor to the control system; generate at least one controller input signal in response to the at least some operational data; generate at least one control signal based at least in part on the at least one controller input signal; and adjust the variable gear ratio in response to the at least one control signal.

22. A turbine assembly of claim 21, wherein: the turbine assembly further comprises at least one fluid-flow control element configured to control fluid flow through the at least one fluid-flow control element; and the instructions include instructions to regulate an amount of the fluid flow directed through the fluid-flow control element.

23. The turbine assembly of claim 22, wherein the at least one control signal includes: a first control signal generated to adjust the variable gear ratio; and a second control signal generated to regulate the amount of the fluid flow directed through the fluid flow control element, wherein the variable gear ratio is adjusted while the amount of fluid flow is regulated through the fluid control element.

24. The turbine assembly of claim 22, wherein the instructions further include to coordinate an adjustment of the at least one fluid-flow control element and the variable gear ratio of the gearbox assembly to maintain at least one operating parameter of the turbine assembly within a predetermined range.

25. The turbine assembly of claim 21, wherein the operational data further comprises: historical operational data; and real-time operational data; and the instructions further include to: analyze the historical operational data and the real-time operational data; determine a predicted change based at least in part on the historical operational data and the real-time operational data; and adjust the variable gear ratio in response to the predicted change.

26. The turbine assembly of claim 21, wherein the instructions executed by the one or more processors further include instructions to: compare the at least some operational data to at least one predetermined threshold associated with operation of the turbine assembly; determine whether the at least some operational data exceeds the at least one predetermined threshold; generate the at least one control signal to adjust the variable gear ratio in response to determining that the at least some operational data exceeds the at least one predetermined threshold; and adjust the variable gear ratio in response to the at least one control signal.IQ27. The turbine assembly of claim 26, wherein the instructions executed by the one or more processors further include to regulate at least one fluid-flow control element in response to determining that the at least some operational data exceeds the at least one predetermined threshold.

28. The turbine assembly of claim 21, wherein the instructions further include to: compare the at least some operational data to at least one predetermined threshold associated with operation of the turbine assembly; determine whether the at least some operational data is less than the at least one predetermined threshold; generate the at least one control signal to adjust the variable gear ratio in response to determining that the at least some operational data is less than the at least one predetemiined threshold; and adjust the variable gear ratio in response to the at least one control signal.

29. The turbine assembly of claim 28, wherein the instructions further include to regulate at least one fluid-flow control element in response to determining that the at least some operational data is less than the at least one predetermined threshold.

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