Antenna structure, antenna component, communication assembly and vehicle

Abstract

An antenna structure, an antenna component, a communication assembly and a vehicle. The antenna structure comprises a substrate, a first radiator, a second radiator and a first isolation assembly, wherein the substrate comprises a grounding portion and a carrying portion; the first radiator and the second radiator are two adjacent radiators disposed on the carrying portion, and the first radiator and the second radiator each comprise a feed point and a grounding point, the grounding point of the first radiator and the grounding point of the second radiator being coupled to the grounding portion, and the feed point of the first radiator and the feed point of the second radiator each being coupled to a feed circuit; and the first isolation assembly is disposed between the first radiator and the second radiator, and comprises a first stub and a second stub, the first stub extending in a first direction, the second stub extending in a second direction, and the first isolation assembly being coupled to the grounding portion by means of the first stub. The solution can be applied to intelligent vehicles such as electric vehicles and new energy vehicles, and can improve the degree of isolation between a plurality of antennas in a limited installation space.

Description

Antenna structure, antenna components, communication components and vehicles Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and more specifically, to an antenna structure, antenna components, communication assemblies, and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing intelligence of vehicle cockpits, wireless communication is being used more and more frequently, making single-antenna vehicle-mounted systems unable to meet the communication needs within the cockpit. The number of antennas required for vehicle-mounted communication has increased to three or more. Furthermore, the demand for concurrent services within the cockpit is rising, requiring two or more antennas to operate simultaneously during vehicle-mounted communication. This scenario places high demands on antenna isolation.

[0003] However, space for antenna installation in vehicles is limited, and how to improve the isolation between antennas in a limited space has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an antenna structure, antenna component, communication assembly, and vehicle that helps save space for antenna installation and effectively improves the isolation between multiple antennas in a limited space.

[0005] In a first aspect, an antenna structure is provided, comprising a substrate, a first radiator, a second radiator, and a first isolation component, wherein:

[0006] The substrate includes a grounding portion and a bearing portion;

[0007] The first radiator and the second radiator are two adjacent radiators disposed on the bearing portion. Both the first radiator and the second radiator include a feed point and a ground point. The ground point of the first radiator and the ground point of the second radiator are coupled to the ground portion. The feed point of the first radiator and the feed point of the second radiator are coupled to the feed circuit respectively.

[0008] The first isolation component is disposed between the first radiator and the second radiator. The first isolation component includes a first branch and a second branch. The first branch extends in a first direction, and the second branch extends in a second direction. The first isolation component is coupled to the grounding portion through the first branch.

[0009] It should be noted that the first radiator and the second radiator are two adjacent radiators, meaning that there are no other radiators between the first radiator and the second radiator. However, other components may be included between the first radiator and the second radiator. For example, a first isolation component may be provided between the first radiator and the second radiator.

[0010] In some implementations, the first radiator and the second radiator are linear or sheet-like, and both the first radiator and the second radiator can be monopole antennas.

[0011] In some implementations, the current received by the radiator through the feed point flows to the first isolation component via the ground portion of the substrate, causing the first isolation component to generate a first resonance, which enables the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiator and the second radiator to cancel each other out of phase.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the isolation components help improve the isolation between two adjacent radiators, thereby effectively enhancing the isolation between radiators within a limited space. Furthermore, by using linear or sheet-like radiators mounted on the substrate, the space occupied by the antenna structure can be effectively saved, thus improving the flexibility of antenna installation.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the distance between the second branch and the grounding part is greater than or equal to the first distance, the first distance being the larger of the second distance and the third distance, the second distance being the farthest distance between the first radiator and the grounding part, and the third distance being the farthest distance between the second radiator and the grounding part.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the distance between the second branch of the isolation structure and the grounding part is greater than or equal to the distance between the radiator and the grounding part, which helps to improve the isolation efficiency achieved by the isolation structure and further improve the isolation degree between the radiators.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the second branch includes a first sub-branch and a second sub-branch, with the first sub-branch and the second sub-branch located on both sides of the first branch.

[0016] In some implementations, the first sub-stub and the second sub-stub are symmetrical about the second sub-stub, or the distance between the first sub-stub and the grounding part and the distance between the second sub-stub and the grounding part can also be different.

[0017] The isolation components of the above-mentioned technical solution can improve the consistency of electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiator and the second radiator, thereby improving the reliability of the antenna structure; and can also improve the space utilization of the antenna structure.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the distance between the first branch and the first radiator and / or the second radiator is determined based on the phase of the first radiator and the phase of the second radiator.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, both the first radiator and the second radiator include a first part and a second part, wherein the first part is used to radiate a first electromagnetic wave in a first frequency range, and the second part is used to radiate a second electromagnetic wave in a second frequency range.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first isolation component further includes at least a third branch, the third branch being coupled to a ground portion; the distance between the first branch and the first radiator and / or the second radiator is determined according to the phase of the first portion, and the distance between the third branch and the first radiator and / or the second radiator is determined according to the phase of the second portion.

[0021] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the fourth distance and the fifth distance cause the first phase of the first radiator, the second phase of the second radiator, and the third phase of the first isolation component to satisfy the following relationship:

[0022] First phase - (second phase + third phase) = 180°;

[0023] Wherein, when the fourth distance and the fifth distance are the distances between the first branch and the first radiator and the second radiator, respectively, the first phase is the phase of the first part of the first radiator, the second phase is the phase of the first part of the second radiator, and the third phase is the phase corresponding to the first branch and the second branch; or, when the fourth distance and the fifth distance are the distances between the third branch and the first radiator and the second radiator, respectively, the first phase is the phase of the second part of the first radiator, the second phase is the phase of the second part of the second radiator, and the third phase is the phase corresponding to the third branch.

[0024] In the above technical solution, the isolation between electromagnetic waves of two frequency ranges can be improved by using the first isolation component, thereby improving the overall reliability of the antenna structure.

[0025] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, when the substrate material is glass fiber and / or resin, and the fourth distance and the fifth distance are respectively the distances between the first branch and the first radiator and the second radiator, and the first radiator and the second radiator are respectively used to radiate electromagnetic waves of 2.4G, the difference between the fourth distance and the fifth distance is 25mm to 60mm; or, when the fourth distance and the fifth distance are respectively the distances between the first branch and the first radiator and the second radiator, and the first radiator and the second radiator are respectively used to radiate electromagnetic waves of 5G, the difference between the fourth distance and the fifth distance is 10mm to 30mm.

[0026] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna structure further includes at least two feeding components, wherein the feeding point of the first radiator and the feeding point of the second radiator are respectively coupled to the feeding circuit through one of the at least two feeding components.

[0027] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, at least one of the at least two power supply components is a spring or a connector.

[0028] In the above technical solution, the radiator is coupled to the feed circuit by means of spring clips or connectors, which facilitates assembly. Since no cables are required for feeding, the influence between the feed line and the antenna radiation area can be reduced.

[0029] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, at least one of the at least two power supply components is a power supply cable.

[0030] In the above technical solution, coupling the radiator and the feeding circuit through the feeding cable helps to reduce the impact of vibration on the reliability of the antenna structure, making the antenna structure suitable for vehicles and helping to reduce costs.

[0031] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, each of the at least two power supply components includes an inner core and an outer core, the inner core being coupled to the power supply point of the first radiator and the power supply point of the second radiator respectively; the grounding portion is provided with a grounding component, the grounding component being coupled to the outer core coupled to the first radiator, and / or the grounding component being coupled to the outer core coupled to the second radiator.

[0032] In the above technical solution, the grounding component can shorten the grounding distance of the radiator and reduce the return path of the radiator, thereby effectively reducing the noise in the electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiator.

[0033] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the difference between the distance between the grounding component and the first radiator and the distance between the grounding component and the second radiator is less than or equal to a first threshold.

[0034] The above technical solution can reduce the difference in the return path between the two radiators, thereby improving the consistency of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiator and the second radiator.

[0035] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the power supply point is respectively located at one end of the first radiator and the second radiator near the grounded portion.

[0036] In the above technical solution, when the power supply component is a power supply cable, it helps to make the power supply cable avoid the radiation area of ​​the radiator, thereby improving the quality of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiator.

[0037] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the minimum distance between the first radiator and the second radiator is determined based on the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiator and the second radiator.

[0038] Specifically, the wavelength of the aforementioned electromagnetic wave can be the wavelength of the medium, and the minimum distance between the first radiator and the second radiator can be approximately one-quarter of the medium wavelength.

[0039] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, when the substrate material is glass fiber and / or resin, the minimum distance between the first radiator and the second radiator is a value between 20 mm and 60 mm.

[0040] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the minimum distance between the first radiator, the second radiator and the grounding portion is a value between 2 mm and 4 mm.

[0041] The above technical solution avoids the generation of parasitic parameters between the radiator and the grounding part, and also prevents clutter from being ineffectively eliminated. When parasitic parameters exist between the radiator and the grounding part, additional impedance matching is required. With the above solution, impedance matching is not required, reducing the complexity of antenna design.

[0042] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, when the substrate material is glass fiber and / or resin, the minimum distance between the first radiator, the second radiator and the grounding portion is 3 mm.

[0043] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna structure further includes a third radiator and a second isolation component, wherein the third radiator is disposed on the side of the second radiator away from the first radiator, and the second isolation component is disposed between the second radiator and the third radiator.

[0044] In the above technical solution, the antenna structure includes three or more radiators, which helps to enable the antenna structure to be applied in multi-service concurrent scenarios.

[0045] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the difference between the distance between the second radiator and the second isolation component and the distance between the third radiator and the second isolation component is 25 mm to 60 mm, or 10 mm to 30 mm.

[0046] More specifically, the minimum distance between the stub and the second isolation component in the second radiator used for radiating 2.4G electromagnetic waves is 25mm to 60mm different from the minimum distance between the stub and the second isolation component in the third radiator used for radiating 2.4G electromagnetic waves; the minimum distance between the stub and the second isolation component in the second radiator used for radiating 5G electromagnetic waves is 10mm to 30mm different from the minimum distance between the stub and the second isolation component in the third radiator used for radiating 5G electromagnetic waves.

[0047] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the substrate is a printed circuit board (PCB), a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB or FPC), or a ceramic substrate.

[0048] In the above technical solutions, the use of PCBs, FPCs, and ceramic substrates helps to reduce the space occupied by the antenna structure, decrease its weight, and lower its cost. Furthermore, the reduced size of the antenna structure helps to mitigate the impact of vibration on its reliability, thereby extending its lifespan.

[0049] In a second aspect, an antenna component is provided, comprising a housing and an antenna structure as in any implementation of the first aspect, wherein the antenna structure and the housing are secured by one or more hot riveting points, and a grounding component is connected to the housing by fasteners.

[0050] Thirdly, a communication component is provided, comprising a communication box and an antenna component as in any implementation of the second aspect, the communication box including a feed circuit, the antenna component being coupled to the feed circuit via the feed component.

[0051] Fourthly, a vehicle is provided that includes an antenna structure as in any implementation of the first aspect, or an antenna component as in any implementation of the second aspect, or a communication component as in any implementation of the third aspect.

[0052] For the beneficial effects not described in detail in the second to fourth aspects, please refer to the description in the first aspect, which will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 2 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 3 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna assembly provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the radiation path between the radiator and the isolation structure in the antenna assembly according to an embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 5 is a graph of the S-parameters of the antenna assembly provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0058] Figure 6 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna assembly provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 7 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna assembly provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 8 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna assembly provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 9 is another graph of the S-parameters of the antenna assembly provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0062] Figure 10 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna assembly provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 11 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna assembly provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 12 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna assembly provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 13 is another structural schematic diagram of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of an antenna component provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a communication component provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0069] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of this application, the terms that may appear in the embodiments of this application are explained.

[0070] Coupling includes direct coupling and / or indirect coupling. "Coupled connection" can be understood as direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be called "electrical connection", which can be understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction of components; it can also be understood as the form of connection between different components in the circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB); "indirect coupling" can be understood as two conductors conducting electricity in a way that is airtight or non-contact.

[0071] Radiator: In an antenna, this is the device used to receive / transmit electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, the term "antenna" is narrowly defined as a radiator, which converts guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, for radiating and receiving radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via a feed line, where it is converted into electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts the electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization from a specific direction in space back into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is then transmitted to the receiver input via a feed line.

[0072] The radiator may include a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a wire or a sheet, and this application does not limit the specific shape. In one embodiment, a wire radiator may be simply referred to as a wire antenna. In one embodiment, a wire radiator may be implemented by a conductive frame, and may also be referred to as a frame antenna. In one embodiment, a wire radiator may be implemented by a support conductor, and may also be referred to as a support antenna. In one embodiment, the wire diameter (e.g., including thickness and width) of the wire radiator or the wire antenna is much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the wavelength of the medium) (e.g., less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), and the length may be determined according to the wavelength (e.g., the wavelength of the medium), for example, a length of about 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer. In one embodiment, a sheet radiator may be implemented by a planar conductor (e.g., a conductive sheet or conductive coating, etc.). In one embodiment, a sheet radiator may include a conductive sheet, such as a copper sheet. In one embodiment, a sheet radiator may include a conductive coating, such as silver paste, etc. The shape of the sheet radiator includes circular, rectangular, annular, etc., and this application does not limit the specific shape. A microstrip antenna typically consists of a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a ground plane, with the dielectric substrate positioned between the radiator and the ground plane.

[0073] Radiators may also include slots or gaps formed on a conductor, for example, closed or semi-closed slots or gaps formed on a grounded conductor surface. In one embodiment, a slotted or slit radiator may be simply referred to as a slot antenna or a gap antenna. In one embodiment, the radial dimension (e.g., including width) of the slot or gap of the slot antenna / gap antenna is much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), while the length dimension may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., a length of approximately 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). In one embodiment, a radiator with a closed slot or gap may be simply referred to as a closed slot antenna. In one embodiment, a radiator with a semi-closed slot or gap (e.g., an opening added to a closed slot or gap) may be simply referred to as an open slot antenna. In some embodiments, the gap shape is elongated. In some embodiments, the length of the gap is approximately half a wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the length of the gap is approximately an integer multiple of a wavelength (e.g., one dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the slot can be fed by transmission lines connected across one or both sides, thereby exciting a radio frequency electromagnetic field on the slot and radiating electromagnetic waves into space. In one embodiment, the radiator of the slot antenna or gap antenna can be implemented by a conductive frame grounded at both ends, also known as a frame antenna; in this embodiment, the slot antenna or gap antenna can be viewed as including a linear radiator, the linear radiator being spaced apart from the ground and grounded at both ends, thereby forming a closed or semi-closed slot or gap. In one embodiment, the radiator of the slot antenna or gap antenna can be implemented by a support conductor grounded at both ends, also known as a support antenna.

[0074] A power supply circuit is a combination of all circuits used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency (RF) signals. It can include a transceiver and an RF front-end. In some cases, the term "power supply circuit" is narrowly interpreted as an RF IC (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit), which can be considered to include both the RF front-end chip and the transceiver. The power supply circuit has the function of converting radio waves (e.g., RF signals) into electrical signals (e.g., digital signals). It is generally considered part of the RF component.

[0075] Isolation: Isolation refers to the ratio of the signal received by one antenna through another to the signal received by the transmitting antenna. It's a physical quantity used to measure the degree of mutual coupling between antennas. Assuming two antennas form a two-port network, the isolation between them is represented by their S21 and S12 parameters. Antenna isolation can be expressed using S21 and S12 parameters, which are also types of S-parameters. S21 and S12 parameters are usually negative. Smaller S21 and S12 parameters indicate greater isolation and less mutual coupling between antennas; larger S21 and S12 parameters indicate less isolation and greater mutual coupling. Antenna isolation depends on factors such as the antenna radiation pattern, the spatial distance between antennas, and antenna gain.

[0076] End / Point: The term "end / point" in the context of the antenna radiator's first end / second end / feed end / ground end / feed point / grounding point / connection point should not be narrowly interpreted as necessarily being a point or end physically disconnected from other radiators. It can also be considered as a point or segment on a continuous radiator. In one embodiment, "end / point" can include a connection / coupling region on the antenna radiator that couples to other conductive structures. For example, a feed end / feed point can be a connection / coupling region on the antenna radiator that couples to a feed structure or feed circuit (e.g., a region facing a part of the feed circuit). Similarly, a ground end / grounding point can be a connection / coupling region on the antenna radiator that couples to a ground structure or ground circuit (e.g., a region facing a part of the ground circuit).

[0077] Open terminal, closed terminal: In some embodiments, open terminal and closed terminal are, for example, relative to whether or not they are grounded; the closed terminal is grounded, and the open terminal is not grounded. In some embodiments, open terminal and closed terminal are, for example, relative to other conductors; the closed terminal is electrically connected to other conductors, and the open terminal is not electrically connected to other conductors. In one embodiment, the open terminal may also be referred to as a floating terminal, free terminal, open terminal, or open-circuit terminal. In one embodiment, the closed terminal may also be referred to as a ground terminal or short-circuit terminal. It should be understood that in some embodiments, other conductors can be coupled through the open terminal to transfer coupled energy (which can be understood as transferring current).

[0078] Resonance / Resonant Frequency: The resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency. The resonant frequency can have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs. The frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency. The return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB. It should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, when the antenna / radiator mentioned in this application generates "first / second...resonance," the first resonance should be the fundamental mode resonance generated by the antenna / radiator, or in other words, the lowest frequency resonance generated by the antenna / radiator. It should be understood that the antenna / radiator can generate one or more antenna modes according to a specific design, and each antenna mode can correspond to a fundamental mode resonance.

[0079] Resonant frequency band: The range of resonant frequencies is the resonant frequency band. The return loss characteristics at any frequency point within the resonant frequency band can be less than -6dB or -5dB.

[0080] Communication / Operating Frequency Band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna supporting 2.4G wireless technology operates within the frequency range of 2.405GHz-2.485GHz. Similarly, an antenna supporting 5G technology operates within the frequency range of 5150MHz to 5825MHz. The frequency range that meets the required specifications can be considered the antenna's operating frequency band.

[0081] The resonant frequency band and the operating frequency band can be the same or can partially overlap. In one embodiment, one or more resonant frequency bands of the antenna can cover one or more operating frequency bands of the antenna.

[0082] Wavelength: or operating wavelength, can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, if the resonant frequency is 2.405GHz-2.485GHz and the center frequency is 2.45GHz, then the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using the frequency 2.45GHz. The aforementioned operating wavelength is not limited to the center frequency; "operating wavelength" can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band.

[0083] It should be understood that the wavelength of the radiation signal in air can be calculated as follows: (air wavelength, or vacuum wavelength) = speed of light / frequency, where the frequency is the frequency of the radiation signal, and the speed of light can be taken as 3 × 10⁻⁶. 8 m / s. The wavelength of the radiated signal in the medium can be calculated as follows: Wherein, ε is the relative permittivity of the medium. The wavelength in the embodiments of this application typically refers to the medium wavelength, which can be the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, or the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna; alternatively, "medium wavelength" can also refer to the medium wavelength corresponding to a non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band. For ease of understanding, the medium wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be simply calculated using the relative permittivity of the medium filling one or more sides of the radiator.

[0084] Ground (GND): This can broadly refer to at least a portion of any grounding layer, grounding plate, or grounding metal layer within a vehicle, or at least a portion of any combination of the aforementioned grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding components. "Ground" can be used for grounding components within the vehicle. In one embodiment, the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14-layer board having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as fiberglass or polymers. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer, and a trace layer, with the trace layer and ground layer electrically connected through vias.

[0085] Any of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material may be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, graphite-impregnated cloth, graphite-coated substrates, copper-plated substrates, brass-plated substrates, and aluminum-plated substrates. Those skilled in the art will understand that grounding layers / ground planes / grounding metal layers may also be made of other conductive materials.

[0086] Grounding: refers to coupling with the aforementioned ground / floor in any way. In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through physical grounding, such as through a structural component of the mid-frame to achieve a physical ground at a specific location on the frame (or, physical ground). In another embodiment, grounding can be achieved through device grounding, such as through devices like capacitors / inductors / resistors connected in series or parallel (or, device ground).

[0087] As mentioned above, the space inside a vehicle cabin for antenna installation is limited. Therefore, this application provides an antenna structure including a substrate, a first radiator, a second radiator, and a first isolation component. Specifically:

[0088] The substrate includes a grounding portion and a bearing portion;

[0089] The first radiator and the second radiator are two adjacent radiators disposed on the bearing portion. Both the first radiator and the second radiator include a feed point and a ground point. The ground point of the first radiator and the ground point of the second radiator are coupled to the ground portion. The feed point of the first radiator and the feed point of the second radiator are coupled to the feed circuit respectively.

[0090] The first isolation component is disposed between the first radiator and the second radiator. The first isolation component includes a first branch and a second branch, which are perpendicular to each other. The first branch extends in a first direction, and the second branch extends in a second direction. The first isolation component is coupled to the grounding portion through the first branch.

[0091] It is understandable that the current received by the first radiator and the second radiator through the feed point flows to the first isolation component through the grounding part of the substrate, which can cause the first isolation component to generate a first resonance, thereby improving the isolation between the first radiator and the second radiator in a limited space.

[0092] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0093] Figures 1 to 13 illustrate several examples of antenna structures provided in the embodiments of this application. Among them, radiator 120 and radiator 130 are examples of a first radiator and a second radiator, respectively, and isolation component 140 is an example of a first isolation component.

[0094] As shown in Figure 1, the substrate 110 includes a grounding portion 111 (or ground plane) and a supporting portion 112. The grounding portion 111 is used to ground the substrate 110, and the supporting portion 112 is used to support the radiator and the isolation assembly. The radiator 120 and the radiator 130 each include a branch 1 and a branch 2, respectively. The branch 1 is parallel to the boundary line between the grounding portion 111 and the supporting portion 112, and the branch 2 is perpendicular to the boundary line between the grounding portion 111 and the supporting portion 112.

[0095] More specifically, the length of radiator 120 (or radiator 130) can be approximately equal to λ / 4, where λ can be the wavelength of the medium corresponding to radiator 120 (or radiator 130). The length of radiator 120 (or radiator 130) can be the sum of L1 and L2. Taking an operating frequency band of 2.4 GHz and a medium wavelength of 90 mm as an example, the length of radiator 120 (or radiator 130) can be a value between 15 mm and 35 mm. Furthermore, the width W of the radiator is not less than 0.5 mm to avoid excessive return loss. For example, the width W of the radiator can be a value between 1 and 2.5 mm.

[0096] Radiators 120 and 130 each include a feed point 121 and a feed point 131, respectively, and are coupled to the feed circuit through the feed points. In addition, the feed points are respectively located at the ends of radiators 120 and 130 near the grounding portion 111 to prevent feed cables or other feed components from passing through the radiation area of ​​the radiator.

[0097] The isolation component 140 may include a portion A (an example of a first branch) and a portion B (an example of a second branch), wherein portion A is coupled to the ground portion 111. The angle between the extension directions of portion A and portion B may be greater than 90° or less than 90°. In some implementations, the extension direction of portion A is the oy direction as shown in FIG1, and the extension direction of portion B is the ox direction of the extension direction of portion A, that is, the extension directions of portion A and portion B are perpendicular.

[0098] In some implementations, the distance between portion B of the isolation component 140 and the ground portion 111 (H2 as shown in FIG1) is greater than or equal to a first distance, which is the larger of a second distance and a third distance. The second distance is the farthest distance between the radiator 120 and the ground portion 111, and the third distance is the farthest distance between the radiator 130 and the ground portion 111. For example, the farthest distance between the radiator 120 and the ground portion 111 is the distance between a branch 1 of the radiator 120 and the ground portion (H1 as shown in FIG1), and the farthest distance between the radiator 130 and the ground portion 111 is the distance between a branch 1 of the radiator 130 and the ground portion (H1' as shown in FIG1). The aforementioned first distance can be the larger of H1 and H2.

[0099] In some implementations, the distance between the isolation component 140 and the radiators 120 and 130 is determined based on the phases of the radiators 120 and 130. For example, if the phase of the radiator 120 is Φ1, the phase of the isolation component 140 is Φ2, and the phase of the radiator 130 is Φ3, then the following formula can be satisfied: Φ1 - (Φ2 + Φ3) = 180°. Further, taking an operating frequency of 2.4 GHz and an electromagnetic wave wavelength of 90 mm as an example, the difference between the minimum distance D1 between the radiator 120 and the isolation component 140 and the minimum distance D2 between the radiator 130 and the isolation component 140 can be a value between 25 mm and 60 mm. Taking an operating frequency of 5 GHz and an electromagnetic wave wavelength of 45 mm as an example, the difference between the minimum distance between the radiator 120 and the isolation component 140 and the minimum distance between the radiator 130 and the isolation component 140 can be a value between 10 mm and 30 mm.

[0100] In some other implementations, when an isolation component 140 is provided between radiator 120 and radiator 130, taking the operating frequency band of the radiator as 2.4 GHz as an example, the minimum distance between radiator 120 and radiator 130 can be a value between 20 mm and 60 mm.

[0101] For example, the style of the first isolation component can be as shown in FIG1, or it can be as shown in any of (a) to (d) in FIG2, that is, the height of the first branch in the first isolation component can be higher than the upper edge of the second branch. In addition, the first branch and the second branch can be other shapes besides rectangles, and the included angle between the first direction (OA direction) and the second direction (OB direction) can be not 90°.

[0102] In some implementations, the second stub of the first isolation component includes a first sub-stub and a second sub-stub, which are located on both sides of the first stub, respectively. As shown in Figure 3, the first sub-stub can be part B of the isolation component 140, and the second sub-stub can be part C of the isolation component 140. When the second stub includes sub-stubs located on both sides of the first stub, H2 is greater than or equal to H1, and H3 is greater than or equal to H4, to achieve better antenna isolation through the isolation component 140.

[0103] As shown in Figure 4, due to the presence of the isolation component, the signals from the two radiators can cancel each other out of phase. Specifically, the phase and frequency between the radiators and the isolation component satisfy the following formula:

[0104] A 13 =A 12 A 23 ;

[0105] Among them, A 13 A is the resonant frequency of the isolation component. 12 and A 12 These are the resonant frequencies of radiators 120 and 130, respectively.

[0106] Figure 5 shows a graph of the S-parameters of the antenna assembly provided in the embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 5, compared with the antenna structure without isolation components, the isolation of the antenna structure with isolation components can be improved to -33.44dB at 2.44GHz.

[0107] In some implementations, both the first radiator and the second radiator include a first part and a second part, wherein the first part is used to radiate a first electromagnetic wave in a first frequency range, and the second part is used to radiate a second electromagnetic wave in a second frequency range.

[0108] For example, taking a first electromagnetic wave of 2.4G and a second electromagnetic wave of 5G as examples, the first part can be part 1 as shown in Figure 6, and the second part can be part 2 as shown in Figure 6. Further, the length of the first part can be approximately equal to λ1 / 4, and the length of the second part can be approximately equal to λ2 / 4, where λ1 can be the wavelength of the medium corresponding to the first electromagnetic wave, and λ2 can be the wavelength of the medium corresponding to the second electromagnetic wave. More specifically, the method for determining the length of the first part can refer to the description in the foregoing embodiments, and the length of the second part can be the sum of the lengths of L3 and L4 in Figure 6. For example, the sum of L3 and L4 can be a value between 7mm and 20mm.

[0109] Furthermore, when both the first radiator and the second radiator include a first portion and a second portion, the first isolation assembly further includes at least a third branch, which is coupled to the ground portion. The distance between the second branch and the first radiator and / or the second radiator is determined based on the phase of the first portion, and the distance between the third branch and the first radiator and / or the second radiator is determined based on the phase of the second portion.

[0110] More specifically, the fourth and fifth distances cause the first phase of the first radiator, the second phase of the second radiator, and the third phase of the first isolation component to satisfy the following relationship: first phase - (second phase + third phase) = 180°; wherein, when the fourth and fifth distances are the distances between the second branch and the first radiator and the second radiator, respectively, the first phase is the phase of the first part of the first radiator, the second phase is the phase of the first part of the second radiator, and the third phase is the phase corresponding to the first branch and the second branch; or, when the fourth and fifth distances are the distances between the third branch and the first radiator and the second radiator, respectively, the first phase is the phase of the second part of the first radiator, the second phase is the phase of the second part of the second radiator, and the third phase is the phase corresponding to the third branch.

[0111] In one example, the fourth and fifth distances can be D1 and D2 in Figure 1, respectively. In another example, the third branch can be part E or part F of the isolation component 140 in Figure 7. Taking part E as the third branch, the fourth and fifth distances can be D3 and D4 in Figure 7, respectively.

[0112] In some implementations, where both the first radiator and the second radiator include a first part and a second part, the first isolation component further includes at least a fourth branch. The third and fourth branches are respectively positioned between the first branch and the first radiator, and between the first branch and the second radiator. The methods for determining the distances between the fourth branch and the first and second radiators can refer to the methods for determining the fourth and fifth distances, and will not be elaborated here.

[0113] In some implementations, the antenna structure further includes at least two feeding components. The feed points of the first radiator and the second radiator are coupled to a feeding circuit, respectively. Specifically, the feed points of the first and second radiators are coupled to the feeding circuit through one of the at least two feeding components. More specifically, each feeding component includes a first end and a second end. The first end of each feeding component is coupled to the feed point, and the second end is coupled to the feeding circuit. Furthermore, each feeding component may include a first layer and a second layer. The first layer is used for feeding, and the second layer is used for grounding. For example, the second layer is coupled to the grounding point of the radiator to achieve grounding.

[0114] In one example, at least one of the at least two power supply components is a spring or a connector. For example, some or all of the at least two power supply components are springs, or some or all of the at least two power supply components are connectors.

[0115] In another example, at least one of the two feed components is a feed cable to reduce the cost of the antenna structure.

[0116] In some implementations, each of the at least two power supply components includes an inner core and an outer core. The inner core is coupled to the power supply points of the first radiator and the second radiator, respectively. The grounding portion is provided with a grounding component, which is coupled to the outer core coupled to the first radiator, and / or the grounding component is coupled to the outer core coupled to the second radiator. Taking a power supply component as a power supply cable as an example, the inner core can be an inner layer cable, and the outer core can be an outer layer cable.

[0117] For example, taking the feed cable 160 in FIG. 7 as an example of the aforementioned feed cable and the grounding component 150 as an example of the aforementioned grounding component, the feed cable 160 may include an inner layer 161 (an example of the aforementioned inner core) and an outer layer 162 (an example of the aforementioned outer core) as shown in FIG. 8. The inner layer 161 is coupled to the feed point of the radiator, and the outer layer 162 is coupled to the grounding portion 111. The outer layer 162 of the feed cable 160 can be regarded as the grounding point of the radiator, or a part of the grounding point of the radiator.

[0118] Furthermore, the difference between the distance between the grounding component and the first radiator and the distance between the grounding component and the second radiator is less than or equal to a first threshold. For example, the location of the grounding component 150 (an example of the aforementioned grounding component) is shown in Figure 7. The distance between the grounding component 150 and the radiator 120 can be the minimum distance between the branches 2 of the grounding component 150 and the radiator 120 (D5 in Figure 7), and the distance between the grounding component 150 and the radiator 130 can be the minimum distance between the branches 2 of the grounding component 150 and the radiator 130 (D6 in Figure 7). The aforementioned first threshold can be a value from 1 mm to 3 mm, or it can be any other value. It is understood that after introducing the grounding component, the grounding path of the radiator is shortened to the path from the coupling point of the feed cable and the grounding part to the grounding component 150. This shortened grounding path shortens the current return path, thereby effectively filtering out noise in the electromagnetic waves. The difference in S-parameters between using the grounding component and not using the grounding component is shown in Figure 9. When the distance between the grounding component 150 and the radiator 120 is not much different from the distance between the grounding component 150 and the radiator 130, the return paths corresponding to the two radiators are not much different, which helps to ensure the overall reliability of the antenna structure and the quality of the radiated electromagnetic waves.

[0119] In some implementations, if the radiator and the grounding portion are too close, parasitic parameters (such as parasitic inductance and / or parasitic capacitance) will be generated, requiring additional antenna impedance compensation for impedance matching. If the radiator and the grounding portion are too far apart, it may lead to poor grounding, resulting in excessive clutter in the radiated electromagnetic waves. To solve the aforementioned problems, the distances (D as shown in Figure 1) between the radiators 120 and 130 and the grounding portion 111 can be values ​​between 2 mm and 4 mm. For example, when the substrate 110 is made of glass fiber and / or resin, the distance D between the radiators 120 and 130 and the grounding portion 111 can be 3 mm. When the substrate 110 is made of other materials, the distances between the radiators 120 and 130 and the grounding portion 111 can be scaled according to the material. For example, when the substrate 110 is made of ceramic, the distance D between the radiators 120 and 130 and the grounding portion 111 can be reduced.

[0120] In some implementations, the branch 2 of the radiator may not be parallel to part A of the isolation assembly 140, and the radiators 120 and 130 may be symmetrically arranged about the isolation assembly. For example, the positional relationship of the radiators 120 and 130 relative to the isolation assembly 140 can be as shown in Figure 10, that is, the branch 2 of the radiator part 1 is not parallel to the vertical branch of part D in the isolation assembly 140 (i.e., part A shown in Figure 1). This structure helps to optimize the polarization direction of the radiators, thereby further improving the isolation between the radiators.

[0121] In some implementations, when the lateral dimension (e.g., parallel to the ox direction shown in FIG1) of the substrate 110 is limited by the mounting space, making it impossible for the distance between the isolation component and the radiator to meet the requirements of the aforementioned embodiments, the shape of part 1 of the radiator can be as shown in FIG11, that is, part of the branch 1 of the radiator is bent to be parallel to the branch 2. Furthermore, when the material of the substrate 110 is glass fiber and / or resin, the distance W' between the bent portion of branch 1 and branch 2 is greater than or equal to 3 mm. When the material of the substrate 110 is other materials, the distance W' between the bent portion of branch 1 and branch 2 is scaled by material variation. For example, when the material of the substrate 110 is ceramic, the distance W' between the bent portion of branch 1 and branch 2 can be reduced.

[0122] In some implementations, the antenna structure further includes a third radiator and a second isolation component. The third radiator is disposed on the side of the second radiator away from the first radiator, and the second isolation component is disposed between the second and third radiators. More specifically, the dimensions of the second isolation component can refer to the aforementioned description of the first isolation component; the dimensions of the third radiator can refer to the aforementioned description of the first or second radiator; the distance between the third and second radiators can refer to the description of the minimum distance between radiators 120 and 130 in the aforementioned embodiments; the distance between the third radiator and the second isolation component, and the distance between the second isolation component and the second radiator, can refer to the aforementioned description of the minimum distance between the isolation component 140 and radiators 120 and 130 respectively, and will not be repeated here. For example, as shown in FIG12, taking the example that radiators 120 and 130 are respectively the first and second radiators, and the isolation component 140 is an example of the first isolation component, then radiator 170 can be an example of the third radiator, and isolation component 190 is an example of the second isolation component.

[0123] In addition, the antenna structure may also include a second grounding component, which is disposed between the second radiator and the third radiator. The distance between the second grounding component and the second radiator and the third radiator can be referred to the description of the distance between the grounding component 150 and the radiator 120 and the radiator 130 mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0124] In some implementations, the radiator and isolation components can be positioned on the substrate in a manner similar to Figure 13, to match different antenna installation conditions.

[0125] This application also provides an antenna component, which includes a housing and the antenna structure described in the foregoing embodiments. The antenna structure and the housing are fixed by one or more hot-dip rivets, and the grounding component is connected to the housing by fasteners. Specifically, as shown in Figure 14. It should be noted that in actual implementation, the grounding component can be a conductive material such as the conductive cloth shown in Figure 14. Exemplarily, the housing can be a plastic alloy, for example, an engineering plastic composed of polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), or the housing can be other polymer materials.

[0126] This application also provides a communication component, which includes a communication box and the antenna component from the foregoing embodiments. The communication box includes a power supply circuit, and the antenna component is coupled to the power supply circuit through the power supply component. As shown in FIG15, the antenna component and the communication box are fixed together by fasteners. The communication box can be a device for processing information or communication signals, such as a vehicle infotainment system or a vehicle networking control unit (telematics box, T-box).

[0127] This application also provides a vehicle that includes the antenna structure, antenna component, or communication component described in the foregoing embodiments. Exemplarily, the installation location of the communication component in the vehicle can be as shown in Figure 16. It should be understood that the communication component in the vehicle can be used in scenarios where communication is conducted via wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth (BT), or other wireless communication technologies, such as screen projection via Wi-Fi or BT.

[0128] In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions between the various embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

[0129] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or", for example, A / B can mean A or B; "and / or" in this document describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0130] The use of prefixes such as "first" and "second" in this application embodiment is solely for distinguishing different descriptive objects and does not limit the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the described objects. The use of ordinal numbers and other prefixes to distinguish descriptive objects in this application embodiment does not constitute a limitation on the described objects. The description of the described objects is found in the claims or the context of the embodiments, and the use of such prefixes should not constitute unnecessary restrictions.

[0131] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, characterized in that, The antenna structure includes a substrate, a first radiator, a second radiator, and a first isolation component, wherein: The substrate includes a grounding portion and a bearing portion; The first radiator and the second radiator are two adjacent radiators disposed on the bearing portion, and both the first radiator and the second radiator include a feed point and a ground point. The ground point of the first radiator and the ground point of the second radiator are coupled to the ground portion, and the feed point of the first radiator and the feed point of the second radiator are coupled to the feed circuit respectively. The first isolation component is disposed between the first radiator and the second radiator. The first isolation component includes a first branch and a second branch. The first branch extends in a first direction, and the second branch extends in a second direction. The first isolation component is coupled to the grounding portion through the first branch.

2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the second branch and the grounding part is greater than or equal to the first distance, the first distance being the larger of the second distance and the third distance, the second distance being the farthest distance between the first radiator and the grounding part, and the third distance being the farthest distance between the second radiator and the grounding part.

3. The antenna structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The second branch includes a first sub-branch and a second sub-branch, with the first sub-branch and the second sub-branch located on either side of the first branch.

4. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The distance between the first branch and the first radiator and / or the second radiator is determined based on the phase of the first radiator and the phase of the second radiator.

5. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Both the first radiator and the second radiator include a first part and a second part, wherein the first part is used to radiate a first electromagnetic wave in a first frequency range, and the second part is used to radiate a second electromagnetic wave in a second frequency range.

6. The antenna structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first isolation component further includes at least a third branch, which is coupled to the grounding portion; the distance between the first branch and the first radiator and / or the second radiator is determined according to the phase of the first portion, and the distance between the third branch and the first radiator and / or the second radiator is determined according to the phase of the second portion.

7. The antenna structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fourth and fifth distances cause the first phase of the first radiator, the second phase of the second radiator, and the third phase of the first isolation component to satisfy the following relationship: First phase - (second phase + third phase) = 180°; Wherein, when the fourth distance and the fifth distance are respectively the distances between the first branch and the first radiator and the second radiator, the first phase is the phase of the first part of the first radiator, the second phase is the phase of the first part of the second radiator, and the third phase is the phase corresponding to the first branch and the second branch; or... When the fourth distance and the fifth distance are the distances between the third branch and the first radiator and the second radiator, respectively, the first phase is the phase of the second part of the first radiator, the second phase is the phase of the second part of the second radiator, and the third phase is the phase corresponding to the third branch.

8. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The antenna structure further includes at least two feeding components, and the feeding point of the first radiator and the feeding point of the second radiator are respectively coupled to the feeding circuit through one of the at least two feeding components.

9. The antenna structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, At least one of the at least two power supply components is a spring or a connector.

10. The antenna structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, At least one of the at least two power supply components is a power supply cable.

11. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that, Each of the at least two feeding components includes an inner core and an outer core, wherein the inner core is coupled to the feeding point of the first radiator and the feeding point of the second radiator, respectively; The grounding portion is provided with a grounding component, which is coupled to the outer core coupled to the first radiator, and / or the grounding component is coupled to the outer core coupled to the second radiator.

12. The antenna structure according to claim 11, characterized in that, The difference between the distance between the grounding component and the first radiator and the distance between the grounding component and the second radiator is less than or equal to a first threshold.

13. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The power supply points are respectively located at the ends of the first radiator and the second radiator near the grounding portion.

14. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The minimum distance between the first radiator and the second radiator is determined based on the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiator and the second radiator.

15. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, When the substrate is made of glass fiber and / or resin, the minimum distance between the first radiator and the second radiator is a value between 20 mm and 60 mm.

16. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, The minimum distance between the first radiator, the second radiator and the grounding part is a value between 2 mm and 4 mm.

17. The antenna structure according to claim 16, characterized in that, When the substrate is made of glass fiber and / or resin, the minimum distance between the first radiator, the second radiator and the grounding portion is 3 mm.

18. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that, The antenna structure further includes a third radiator and a second isolation component. The third radiator is disposed on the side of the second radiator away from the first radiator, and the second isolation component is disposed between the second radiator and the third radiator.

19. The antenna structure according to claim 18, characterized in that, The difference between the distance between the second radiator and the second isolation component and the distance between the third radiator and the second isolation component is 25 mm to 60 mm, or 10 mm to 30 mm.

20. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that, The substrate is a printed circuit board (PCB), a flexible printed circuit board (FPC), or a ceramic substrate.

21. An antenna component, characterized in that, The device includes a housing and an antenna structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the antenna structure and the housing are fixed by one or more hot riveting points, and the grounding assembly is connected to the housing by fasteners.

22. A communication component, characterized in that, The device includes a communication box and an antenna component as claimed in claim 21, wherein the communication box includes a power supply circuit and the antenna component is coupled to the power supply circuit via a power supply assembly.

23. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes the antenna structure of any one of claims 1 to 20, or includes the antenna component of claim 21, or includes the communication component of claim 22.

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