Method for manufacturing a trim element having a pattern, comprising two materials, and associated trim element
The manufacturing process for vehicle trim elements addresses the lack of visual diversity by using materials with different melting points and speckling inclusions to create a visually appealing, bonded decorative pattern.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- FAURECIA INTERIEUR IND
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods fail to produce vehicle trim elements with a background and pattern that are not uniformly colored, lacking visual diversity and aesthetic appeal.
A manufacturing process involving a mold with a molding surface where decorative elements made of different materials are arranged according to a pattern, and a plastic material is introduced to bond with these elements, ensuring a non-uniform visual appearance by using materials with distinct melting temperatures and incorporating inclusions like speckling.
The process creates a trim element with a continuous visual appearance and good bonding between decorative elements and plastic material, achieving a visually appealing, non-uniform aesthetic.
Smart Images
Figure EP2025088963_02072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] Method for manufacturing a patterned trim element comprising two materials, and associated trim element
[0002] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a visible surface trim element with at least one pattern, and an associated trim element.
[0003] We know how to make a decorative element with a background of one color and a pattern of another color.
[0004] However, it is not known to produce a trim element with a background and a pattern, one of the background or the pattern not being uniform.
[0005] The aim of the invention is therefore to propose a manufacturing process for a trim element presenting a new visual effect.
[0006] To this end, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a vehicle trim element, the trim element having a visible face, the manufacturing method comprising the following steps:
[0007] - supply of a mold comprising a molding surface,
[0008] - arrangement of at least one decorative element on the molding surface according to a pattern,
[0009] - introduction into the mold of plastic material, the plastic material extending against the molding surface and at least one decorative element,
[0010] in which at least one decorative element is made with at least one first material and a second material, the plastic material comprising at least the first material, or, in which the plastic material comprises at least one first material and a second material, at least one decorative element being made with a material comprising at least the first material.
[0011] One of the at least one decorative element and the plastic material comprises both the first and second materials, while the other comprises at least one decorative element and the material containing only the first material, such that the first has a non-uniform visual appearance compared to the second. The presence of the first material in both the at least one decorative element and the plastic material also ensures good bonding between the decorative element and the plastic material, resulting in a continuous visual appearance for the trim element.
[0012] According to other advantageous aspects of the invention, the process comprises one or more of the following features, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations: - the first material has a melting temperature strictly lower than the melting temperature of the second material, at least one decorative element being distributed at a distribution temperature between the melting temperature of the first material and the melting temperature of the second material and / or the plastic material being introduced at an introduction temperature between the melting temperature of the first material and the melting temperature of the second material;
[0013] - the second material forms inclusions in the first material in at least one decorative element and / or in the plastic material;
[0014] - at least one decorative element is made up of the first material and the second material, the plastic material being made up of the first material, or in which the plastic material is made up of the first material and the second material, at least one decorative element being made up of the first material;
[0015] - at least one decorative element is made of a material consisting of the first material and the second material, the first material having a melting temperature strictly lower than the melting temperature of the second material, the distribution of at least one decorative element being carried out by additive manufacturing by at least one nozzle, the first material and the second material being mixed in the nozzle upstream of the distribution at a temperature between the melting temperature of the first material and the melting temperature of the second material;
[0016] - the at least one decorative element and the plastic material are each made up of the first material and the second material, the ratio of the quantity of the first material to the quantity of the second material being different between the plastic material and the at least one decorative element;
[0017] - the distribution of at least one decorative element is carried out by additive manufacturing or by extrusion of molten granules;
[0018] - at least one decorative element has a thickness between 0.2 mm and 1.5 mm; and / or
[0019] - the first material is, for example, polypropylene, polylactic acid (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC); a mixture of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC ABS), a mixture of polypropylene and glass fibers (PP GF), or a mixture of polypropylene and natural fibers (NF PP), and the second material is, for example, polypropylene, polylactic acid (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC); a mixture of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC ABS), a mixture of polypropylene and glass fibers (PP GF), or a mixture of polypropylene and natural fibers (NF PP). The invention also relates to a filling element obtained by a manufacturing process as defined above.
[0020] The invention will become clearer upon reading the following description, given solely by way of non-limiting example, and made with reference to the drawings in which:
[0021] [Fig. 1] Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an example of a distribution step of at least one decorative element in a first embodiment of the process according to the invention,
[0022] [Fig. 2] Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an example of a step for introducing the plastic material in the first embodiment of the process according to the invention,
[0023] [Fig 3] Figure 3 is a schematic representation of an example of a packing assembly obtained by the first embodiment of the process according to the invention,
[0024] [Fig 4] Figure 4 is a schematic representation of an example of a packing assembly obtained by a second embodiment of the process according to the invention, and [Fig 5] Figure 5 is a schematic representation of an example of a packing assembly obtained by a third embodiment of the process according to the invention.
[0025] Steps of an example embodiment of the process according to the invention are shown in Figures 1 to 4.
[0026] The invention also relates to a filling element obtained by the manufacturing process according to the invention.
[0027] The process according to the invention is a process for manufacturing a vehicle trim element, the trim element having a visible face.
[0028] The process includes the following steps:
[0029] - provide a mold 10 comprising a molding surface 16,
[0030] - arrange, here distribute, at least one decorative element 22 on the molding surface 16 according to a pattern,
[0031] - introduce into the mold 10 of the plastic material 26.
[0032] The process also includes the following steps:
[0033] - hardening of the plastic material, and
[0034] - Removal of the assembly, including the plastic material and at least one decorative element, from the mold after the plastic material has hardened
[0035] An example of a mold 10 that can be used for the manufacturing process according to the invention is shown schematically in Figures 1 (partially) and 2.
[0036] The mold 10 has a molding surface 16. In at least one mold configuration, the molding surface 16 delimits a molding cavity 20.
[0037] The mold 10 also includes a material inlet 18.
[0038] The material inlet 18 opens into the molding cavity 20.
[0039] The mold 10 includes, for example, here, a plurality of parts of mold 12, 14, here a first part of mold 12 and a second part of mold 14.
[0040] Each mold part 12, 14 includes a portion of the molding surface 16. The mold parts 12, 14 are movable relative to each other between an open configuration and a molding configuration.
[0041] In the open configuration, the mold parts 12, 14 are spaced apart. The molding surface 16 is accessible.
[0042] In the molding configuration, the mold parts 12, 14 delimit the molding cavity 20. The mold parts 12, 14 extend against each other, so as to delimit said molding cavity.
[0043] Mold 10 is, for example, an injection mold, for example, for injection overmolding.
[0044] Alternatively, mold 10 is a rotomolding mold or an injection and blow molding mold.
[0045] At least one decorative element 22 is arranged, here distributed, on the molding surface 16 of the mold 10, more particularly here on the portion of the molding surface 16 delimited by the first part of the mold 12, more particularly only on a part of the portion of the molding surface 16 delimited by the first part of the mold 12.
[0046] A schematic representation of an example of this step, in a first embodiment of the invention, is shown in Figure 1.
[0047] The distribution of at least one decorative element 22 is carried out by additive manufacturing, more particularly by fused filament deposition (or FDM from the English Fused deposition modeling), or by extrusion of molten granules.
[0048] More particularly, at least one decorative element 22 is distributed by at least one nozzle 24 onto the molding surface 16, more particularly only onto a part of the portion of the molding surface defined by one of the mold parts, here the first mold part 12.
[0049] At least one nozzle 24 is capable of moving relative to the molding surface 16, here relative to the portion of the molding surface delimited by the first part of the mold 12, so as to deposit material, more particularly according to a desired decorative pattern. The material is, for example, heated upstream of the nozzle 24, so as to flow through the nozzle 24 onto the molding surface 16.
[0050] The distribution of at least one decorative element 22 is carried out here in an open configuration of the mold.
[0051] At least one decorative element 22 has a thickness, measured perpendicular to the molding surface 16.
[0052] The thickness is, for example, between 0.2 mm and 1.5 mm.
[0053] A thickness of around 0.2 mm allows for relative transparency of at least one decorative element, so that, in the trim element, the plastic material is visible through at least one decorative element.
[0054] A thickness greater than 0.5 mm prevents the plastic material from being seen through at least one decorative element.
[0055] Between the arrangement of at least one decorative element 22 and the introduction of the plastic material, at least one decorative element 22 is, for example, optionally, kept at temperature.
[0056] The mold is then, for example, moved into the molding configuration. The plastic material 26 is then introduced into the mold 10, more specifically into the molding cavity 20, here through the material inlet 18.
[0057] An example of the plastic material introduction step 26, for the first embodiment of the invention, is shown in Figure 2.
[0058] The material inlet 18 opens at the level of the molding surface 16, here delimited by a different part of the mold than the one on which at least one decorative element 22 has been distributed. Here, the material inlet 18 opens at the level of the portion of the molding surface 16 defined by the second part of the mold.
[0059] The introduction of the plastic material is, for example, carried out in a closed configuration of the mold.
[0060] The plastic material is introduced, so that the plastic material spreads against the molding surface and at least one decorative element 22.
[0061] During introduction, at least one decorative element remains in position on the molding surface 16. More particularly here, at least one decorative element 22 is pressed onto the molding surface by the introduced plastic material.
[0062] The plastic material here is a thermoplastic material.
[0063] More specifically, the plastic material is in a fluid form, here molten, and is introduced so as to cover at least one textured element, and in this case, also to fill the mold cavity. The introduction of the plastic material into the mold involves injecting the molten plastic into the mold cavity defined by the mold surface. This introduction corresponds, for example, to injection molding. The material introduced by injection molding has, for example, a temperature between 160°C and 300°C.
[0064] In an alternative embodiment to injection molding as described above, the introduction of plastic material into the mold includes a step of introducing plastic material into the mold cavity via a material inlet, the mold being a rotomolding mold. The introduction of plastic material into the mold then further includes setting the mold in motion, more specifically rotating the mold, to distribute the introduced plastic material over the molding surface and cover at least one decorative element. More specifically, the plastic material is introduced in powder form. Thus, before rotating the mold, the plastic powder is heated to obtain a fluid plastic material that is evenly distributed over the molding surface.
[0065] In an alternative embodiment to injection as described above and to rotomolding, the introduction into the mold of plastic material includes a step of introducing a preform into an injection-blowing mold, the preform being made in the plastic material.
[0066] The material inlet of the injection-blowing mold is designed for the injection of a gas, for example air.
[0067] The preform is arranged so that the neck of the preform is held at the level of the material inlet, so that the material inlet is able to inject the gas into the preform, so as to blow the preform.
[0068] More specifically, the preform is heated after its introduction so that it can be deformed by blow molding. The preform is then, for example, heated to a temperature between 170°C and 230°C.
[0069] The introduction of plastic material into the mold then also includes the introduction of gas into the preform, so as to blow the preform.
[0070] The preform is then blown until the walls of the preform extend against the molding surface and cover at least one decorative element 22.
[0071] The hardening includes, for example, the cooling of the assembly formed of the plastic material 26 and at least one decorative element 22, more particularly to 50°C.
[0072] The mold does not heat up during the hardening stage. The plastic material 26 and at least one decorative element 22 bond together during the introduction of the plastic material and / or during hardening.
[0073] The assembly consisting of the hardened plastic material 26 and at least one decorative element 22 is then, for example, removed from the mold 10, more particularly from the molding cavity 20, after the hardening of the plastic material.
[0074] More specifically, the mold 10 is moved into the open position, the assembly formed of the hardened plastic material 26 and at least one decorative element 22 being extracted from the mold 10 during or after this movement.
[0075] The plastic material is no longer malleable, so the whole thing retains its shape.
[0076] The hardened plastic material 26 with at least one decorative element 22 then forms the trim element, or at least part of the trim element.
[0077] At least one decorative element 22 forms part of the external surface of the assembly formed from the hardened plastic material 26 and at least one decorative element 22, so that the pattern made with at least one decorative element 22 is visible on a visible face of the trim element.
[0078] In the invention, at least one decorative element 22 is made with at least one first material A and a second material B, the plastic material 26 comprising at least the first material A, or, the plastic material 26 comprises at least one first material and a second material, at least one decorative element 22 being made with a material comprising at least the first material.
[0079] At least one decorative element is arranged here, during the arrangement stage, at a distribution temperature higher than the melting temperature of the first material, and the plastic material is introduced, during the plastic material introduction stage, at an introduction temperature higher than the melting temperature of the first material.
[0080] Here, the first material has a melting point strictly lower than the melting point of the second material. The difference between the melting points is, for example, between 20°C and 200°C.
[0081] The first material is a thermoplastic material, for example, polypropylene, polylactic acid PLA, polymethyl methacrylate PMMA, polyamide PA, polycarbonate PC; a mixture of polycarbonate and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene PC ABS, a mixture of polypropylene and glass fibers PP GF, or a mixture of polypropylene and natural fibers NF PP.
[0082] The second material is, for example, polypropylene, polylactic acid PLA, polymethyl methacrylate PMMA, polyamide PA, polycarbonate PC, a mixture of polycarbonate and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene PC ABS, a mixture of polypropylene and glass fibers PP GF, or a mixture of polypropylene and natural fibers NF PP.
[0083] The first material has, for example, a given color, identical between at least one decorative element 22 and the plastic material 26.
[0084] The second material is present in the form of bodies with a dimension between 0.05 mm and 1 mm.
[0085] More specifically, here, at least one decorative element is arranged at a distribution temperature between the melting temperature of the first material and the melting temperature of the second material and / or the plastic material is introduced at an introduction temperature between the melting temperature of the first material and the melting temperature of the second material.
[0086] More specifically, each of the at least one decorative element and / or plastic material comprising the first material and the second material is distributed or introduced at a temperature between the melting temperature of the first material and the melting temperature of the second material.
[0087] In the case of at least one decorative element 22, the distribution of at least one decorative element is carried out by additive manufacturing by at least one nozzle 24, the first material and the second material being mixed in the nozzle upstream of the distribution at the distribution temperature.
[0088] The second material then forms inclusions, for example like speckling, in the first material in at least one decorative element and / or in the plastic material.
[0089] Indeed, the second material is only slightly or not at all molten, while the first material is molten. The first material therefore forms a fluid matrix for the second material, causing the second material to form inclusions within the first material.
[0090] The presence of the first material as a matrix for each of the at least one decorative element 22 and the plastic material 26 allows for good bonding of the at least one decorative element 22 and the plastic material 26 together.
[0091] The density of inclusions, particularly speckling, is, for example, substantially constant within the at least one decorative element and / or the plastic material. In particular, the ratio of the quantity of first material to the quantity of second material supplied for the distribution step of the at least one decorative element 22 and / or for the introduction step of the plastic material 26 is substantially constant during that step. Alternatively, said density is variable within the at least one decorative element and / or the plastic material. The ratio of the quantity of first material to the quantity of second material supplied for the distribution step of the at least one decorative element 22 and / or for the introduction step of the plastic material 26 then varies during that step.
[0092] In a first embodiment, an example of which of the resulting trim element 110 is shown in Figure 3, at least one decorative element 122 is made with at least the first material A and the second material B, the plastic material 126 comprising at least the first material A.
[0093] More specifically, at least one decorative element 122 is made up of the first material A and the second material B.
[0094] During the distribution stage, at least one decorative element 122 is distributed, as described previously, at the distribution temperature, which is between the melting temperature of the first material and the melting temperature of the second material.
[0095] More specifically, the first material and the second material are mixed in the nozzle upstream of the dispensing at the dispensing temperature.
[0096] The second material forms inclusions, like speckling, in the first material in at least one decorative element 122.
[0097] In the first embodiment, the plastic material 126 is here made up of the first material.
[0098] During the introduction step, the plastic material 126 is introduced at an introduction temperature higher than the melting temperature of the first material.
[0099] The plastic material 126 thus has a uniform appearance similar to the first material A. The first material has, for example, a given color, identical between the at least one decorative element 122 and the plastic material 126, such that the at least one decorative element 122 forms an area (delimited by dotted lines in the schematic representation) in which the first material has inclusions like speckling, while the plastic material 126 has a similar appearance without said inclusions. This makes it possible, for example, to create one or more decorations with inclusions like speckling, but which have the same background across the entire final trim element.
[0100] In a second embodiment, an example of which is shown in Figure 4, at least one decorative element 222 is made with at least the first material and the second material, and the plastic material comprises at least the first material and the second material. The at least one decorative element 222 is, for example, similar here to the at least one decorative element 122 of the first embodiment.
[0101] In particular, it is distributed similarly, at a distribution temperature between the melting temperature of the first material and the melting temperature of the second material.
[0102] The second material forms inclusions in the first material in at least one decorative element 222.
[0103] In the second embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, the plastic material also includes the second material.
[0104] Plastic material 226, for example, is made up of the first material and the second material.
[0105] During the plastic material introduction step, the plastic material 226 is introduced, as described previously, at the introduction temperature, which is between the melting temperature of the first material and the melting temperature of the second material.
[0106] The second material forms inclusions, for example like speckling, in the first material in the plastic material.
[0107] In the second embodiment, the ratio of the quantity of the first material to the quantity of the second material is, for example, different between the plastic material and at least one decorative element.
[0108] For example, the ratio of the quantity of the first material to the quantity of the second material is substantially constant within the or each decorative element 222, on the one hand, and within the plastic material 226 on the other hand, said ratio being different between the at least one decorative element 222 and the plastic material 226.
[0109] Additionally or alternatively, the distribution temperature of at least one decorative element 222 differs from the introduction temperature of the plastic material 226.
[0110] This allows, for example, to obtain inclusions of a second material with a different appearance between the at least one decorative element 222 and the plastic material 226.
[0111] The first material, for example, similarly to the previous one, has a given color, identical between the at least one decorative element 222 and the plastic material 226, so that the resulting trim element has a similar background, but with the at least one decorative element 222 and the plastic material 226 each forming a zone (delimited by dotted lines in the schematic representation), in which the first material has inclusions such as speckling. In a third embodiment, an example of which is shown in Figure 5, the plastic material 326 comprises at least one first material and a second material, the at least one decorative element 322 being made with a material comprising at least the first material.
[0112] More specifically, plastic material 326 is made up of the first material and the second material.
[0113] During the introduction step, the plastic material 326 is introduced, as described previously, at the introduction temperature, which is between the melting temperature of the first material and the melting temperature of the second material.
[0114] More specifically, the first material and the second material are mixed upstream of the material inlet 18 at the inlet temperature.
[0115] The second material forms inclusions, like speckling, in the first material in the plastic material 326.
[0116] In the third embodiment, at least one decorative element is made of the first material.
[0117] During the distribution stage, at least one decorative element 322 is distributed at the distribution temperature, which is higher than the melting temperature of the first material.
[0118] At least one decorative element 322 therefore presents a uniform appearance of the first material A.
[0119] The first material, for example, has a given color, identical between the at least one decorative element 322 and the plastic material 326, such that the at least one decorative element 322 forms an area (delimited by dotted lines in the schematic representation) in which the first material has no inclusions, while the at least one decorative element 322 has a similar appearance with inclusions. This makes it possible, for example, to create one or more decorations without inclusions on a trim element that otherwise has inclusions, but which has the same background color throughout the entire final trim element.
[0120] In a particular embodiment, not shown, the molding surface is partially delimited by a removable shell.
[0121] More specifically, the mold includes at least one removable shell capable of being reversibly attached to a part of the mold, so that the removable shell forms part of the molding surface.
[0122] At least one decorative element is distributed on the part of the molding surface formed by the removable shell.
[0123] This distribution is, for example, carried out when the removable shell is separated from the mold part. Then, the removable shell is fixed to the mold part before the introduction of the plastic material, more specifically so that the removable shell partially delimits the molding cavity during the introduction.
[0124] In one particular embodiment, the mold includes several copies of at least one removable shell.
[0125] The process then includes, for example, simultaneously a step of making a first filling element in the mold equipped with a first copy of at least one removable shell, for example the introduction of plastic material into the mold, and the distribution of at least one decoration element on a second copy of at least one removable shell for making a second filling element.
[0126] This allows, in particular, the distribution of at least one decorative element to be carried out in the background.
[0127] As soon as the first filling element is extracted from the mold fitted with the first copy of at least one removable shell, the second copy of at least one removable shell is fixed to the mold part, so as to equip the mold with this second copy of at least one removable shell.
[0128] This makes it possible to produce trim elements using the process according to the invention more quickly.
[0129] In a particular embodiment, not shown, the process further includes a step of distributing a wall along at least a portion of at least one lateral surface of at least one decorative element 22, after the distribution of at least one decorative element 22 and before the introduction into the mold of the plastic material.
[0130] The lateral surface corresponds to one side of at least one decorative element arranged on the molding surface 16.
[0131] The wall is made of the same material as the introduced plastic. The wall is, for example, produced by additive manufacturing, more specifically by fused deposition modeling (FDM), or by extrusion of molten granules.
[0132] The presence of a wall against a lateral surface of the decorative element limits, or even avoids, the phenomenon of displacement of the material of the decorative element when introduced into the plastic mold, so that the contours of the pattern are particularly sharp.
Claims
DEMANDS 1. A method for manufacturing a vehicle trim element, the trim element having a visible face, the manufacturing process comprising the following steps: - supply of a mold (10) comprising a molding surface (16), - arrangement of at least one decorative element (22; 122; 222; 322) on the molding surface (16) according to a pattern, - introduction into the mold (10) of plastic material (26; 126; 226; 326), the plastic material (26; 126; 226; 326) extending against the molding surface (16) and at least one decorative element (22; 122; 222; 322), in which at least one decorative element (22; 122; 222) is made with at least one first material and a second material, the plastic material (26; 126; 226) comprising at least the first material, or, in which the plastic material (226; 326) comprises at least one first material and a second material, at least one decorative element (222; 322) being made with a material comprising at least the first material.
2. A manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the first material has a melting temperature strictly lower than the melting temperature of the second material, at least one decorative element (22; 122; 222) being distributed at a distribution temperature between the melting temperature of the first material and the melting temperature of the second material and / or the plastic material (226; 326) being introduced at an introduction temperature between the melting temperature of the first material and the melting temperature of the second material.
3. Manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second material forms inclusions in the first material in at least one decorative element (22; 122; 222) and / or in the plastic material (226; 326).
4. A manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one decorative element is made of the first material and the second material (22; 122), the plastic material (26; 126) being made of the first material, or wherein the plastic material (326) is made of the first material and the second material, at least one decorative element (322) being made of the first material. 5.A manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least one decorative element (22; 122; 222) is made of a material consisting of the first material and the second material, the first material having a melting temperature strictly lower than the melting temperature of the second material, the distribution of at least one decorative element (22; 122; 222) being carried out by additive manufacturing by at least one nozzle (24), the first material and the second material being mixed in the nozzle (24) upstream of the distribution at a temperature between the melting temperature of the first material and the melting temperature of the second material.
6. A manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one decorative element (222) and the plastic material (226) are each made up of the first material and the second material, the ratio of the quantity of the first material to the quantity of the second material being different between the plastic material (226) and the at least one decorative element (222).
7. A manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the distribution of at least one decorative element (22; 122; 222; 322) is carried out by additive manufacturing or by extrusion of molten granules.
8. Manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least one decorative element (22; 122; 222; 322) has a thickness between 0.2 mm and 1.5 mm.
9. A manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first material is, for example, polypropylene, polylactic acid (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC); a mixture of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC ABS), a mixture of polypropylene and glass fibers (PP GF), or a mixture of polypropylene and natural fibers (NF PP), and the second material is, for example, polypropylene, polylactic acid (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC); a mixture of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC ABS), a mixture of polypropylene and glass fibers (PP GF), or a mixture of polypropylene and natural fibers (NF PP).
10. Filling element (110; 210; 310) obtained by a manufacturing process according to any one of claims 1 to 9.